739:
1059:
1042:
553:
716:
39:
799:. Before Outram arrived at Cawnpore, Havelock made preparations for another relief attempt. He had earlier sent a letter to Inglis in the Residency, suggesting he cut his way out and make for Cawnpore. Inglis replied that he had too few effective troops and too many sick, wounded and non-combatants to make such an attempt. He also pleaded for urgent assistance. The rebels meanwhile continued to shell the garrison in the Residency, and also dug mines beneath the defences, which destroyed several posts. Although the garrison kept the rebels at a distance with sorties and counter-attacks, they were becoming weaker and food was running short.
1094:, the first king of Oudh in 1814. The defenders had heavily fortified this multi-story position. When the full force of the British column was brought to bear on the Shah Najaf, the sepoys responded with unrelenting musketry, cannon grape shot and supporting cannon fire from the Kaisarbagh, as well as oblique cannon fire from secured batteries north of the Gumti River. From heavily exposed positions, for three hours the British directed strong cannon fire on the stout walls of the Shah Najaf. The walls remained unscathed, the sepoy fire was unrelenting and British losses mounted. Additional British assaults failed, with heavy losses.
101:
545:
724:
1098:
655:
667:
civilian volunteers, with 1,280 non-combatants, including hundreds of women and children) was too small to defend it effectively against a properly prepared and supported attack. Also, the
Residency lay in the midst of several palaces, mosques and administrative buildings, as Lucknow had been the royal capital of Oudh for many years. Lawrence initially refused permission for these to be demolished, urging his engineers to "spare the holy places". During the siege, they provided good vantage points and cover for rebel sharpshooters and artillery.
1003:
640:
1682:
887:, the son of a British soldier, disguised himself as a sepoy and ventured from the Residency aided by a local man named Kananji Lal. He and his scout crossed the entrenchments east of the city and reached the Alambagh to act as a guide to the next relief attempt. For this action, Kavanagh was awarded the Victoria Cross and was the first civilian in British history to be honoured with such an award for action during a military conflict.
414:
823:
869:
1050:
artillery had difficulty manoeuvering in the cramped village streets. They were afforded some protection from the intense fire raining down on them by a high road embankment that faced the garden. Musket fire came from loopholes in the
Secundra Bagh and nearby fortified cottages, and cannon shot from the distant Kaisarbagh (the former King of Oudh's palace). Campbell positioned artillery to suppress this incoming fire. Heavy
113:
1128:
Campbell's artillery bombarded the
Kaisarbagh to deceive the rebels that an assault on it was imminent, canvas screens were erected to shield the open space from the rebels' view. The women, children and sick and wounded made their way to the Dilkusha Park under cover of these screens, some in a variety of carriages or on litters, others on foot. Over the next two days, Outram spiked his guns and withdrew after them.
896:
1015:(a school for British and Anglo-Indian boys) and cross the canal as close to the River Gumti as possible. As he advanced, he would secure each position to protect his communications and supply train back to the Alambagh. He would then secure a walled enclosure known as the Secundrabagh and link up with the Residency, whose outer perimeter had been extended by Havelock and Outram to the Chuttur Munzil.
845:
immediate advance. (He feared that the defenders of the
Residency were so weakened that they might still be overwhelmed by a last-minute rebel attack.) The advance was made through heavily defended narrow lanes. Neill was one of those killed by rebel musket fire. In all, the relief force lost 535 men out of 2000, incurred mainly in this last rush.
1331:
for the first time by the author through newspaper articles. His contributions caused a memorial park to be built around the place where this mysterious revolutionary soldier was hanged at the end of the Great
Uprising of 1857. The novel was first published in 2008 to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the mutiny.
1151:
1330:
is mostly based on the part played by commoners during the siege. It describes the siege as well as the final relief. It is almost entirely based on the events in
Lucknow. It also describes the part played by Raja Jai Lal Singh, a commander of revolutionary forces whose contributions were highlighted
1167:), the Union Jack was flown 24 hours a day on the Residency's flagpole, for the rest of the time the British held India. The day before India became independent, the flag was lowered, the flagpole cut down, and the base removed and cemented over, to prevent any other flag from ever being flown there.
1026:
The next day, the relief column advanced from La
Martinière to the northern point where the canal meets the Gumti River. The damming of the canal to flood the area beneath the Dilkuska Bridge had left the canal dry at the crossing point. The column and guns advanced forward and then turned sharp left
988:
The strength of the rebels investing
Lucknow has been widely estimated from 30,000 to 55,000. They were amply equipped, the sepoy regiments among them were well trained, and they had improved their defences in response to Havelock's and Outram's first relief of the Residency. The Charbagh Bridge used
623:
several years later, for his act of saving the lives of three men of the 32nd
Regiment of Foot during the retreat. His was not a unique action; sepoys loyal to the British, especially those of the 13th Native Infantry, saved many British soldiers, even at the cost of abandoning their own wounded men,
591:
On 30 June, Lawrence learned that the rebels were gathering north of
Lucknow and ordered a reconnaissance in force, despite the available intelligence being of poor quality. Although he had comparatively little military experience, Lawrence led the expedition himself. The expedition was not very well
1146:
The rebels were left in control of Lucknow over the following winter, but were prevented from undertaking any other operations by their own lack of unity and by Outram's hold on Alambagh, which was easily defended. Campbell returned to retake Lucknow, with the attack starting on 6 March. By 21 March
950:
Campbell was 64 years old when he left England in July 1857 to assume command of the Bengal Army. By mid-August, he was in Calcutta preparing his departure upcountry. It was late October before all preparations were completed. Fighting his way up the Grand Trunk Road, Campbell arrived in Cawnpore on
779:
Havelock intended to remain on the north bank of the Ganges, inside Oudh, and thereby prevent the large force of rebels which had been facing him from joining the siege of the Residency, but on 11 August, Neill reported that Cawnpore was threatened. To allow himself to retreat without being attacked
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About 8,000 sepoys who had joined the rebellion and several hundred retainers of local landowners surrounded the Residency. They had some modern guns and also some older pieces which fired all sorts of improvised missiles. There were several determined attempts to storm the defences during the first
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However, retiring from their exposed positions was deemed equally dangerous by the British command. Fifty Highlanders were dispatched to seek an alternate access route to the Shah Najaf. Discovering a breach in the wall on the opposite side of the fighting, sappers were brought forward to widen the
1010:
At daybreak on 14 November, Campbell commenced his relief of Lucknow. He had made his plans on the basis of Kavanagh's information and the heavy loss of life experienced by the first Lucknow relief column. Rather than crossing the Charbagh Bridge and fighting through the tortuous, narrow streets of
860:
Instead, the defended area was enlarged. Under Outram's overall command, Inglis took charge of the original Residency area, and Havelock occupied and defended the palaces (the Farhat Baksh and Chuttur Munzil) and other buildings east of it. Outram had hoped that the relief would also demoralise the
489:
the year before the rebellion broke out. This high-handed action by the East India Company was greatly resented within the state and elsewhere in India. The first British Commissioner (in effect the governor) appointed to the newly acquired territory was Coverley Jackson. He behaved tactlessly, and
1018:
For 3 miles (4.8 km) as the column moved to the east of the Alambagh, no opposition was encountered. When the relief column reached the Dilkusha park wall, the quiet ended with an outburst of musket fire. British cavalry and artillery quickly pushed past the park wall, driving the sepoys from
844:
palace, before finding their way back to the main force. After further heavy fighting, by nightfall the force had reached the Machchhi Bhawan. Outram proposed to halt and contact the defenders of the Residency by tunnelling and mining through the intervening buildings, but Havelock insisted on an
694:
was foiled; counter mining and offensive mining against two buildings brought successful results. Several sorties were mounted, attempting to reduce the effectiveness of the most dangerous rebel positions and to silence some of their guns. The Victoria Cross was awarded to several participants in
1022:
The rapid advance of Campbell's column placed it far ahead of its supply caravan. The advance paused until the required stores of food, ammunition and medical equipment were brought forward. The request for additional ammunition from the Alambagh further delayed the relief column's march. On the
856:
Originally, Outram had intended to evacuate the Residency, but the heavy losses incurred during the final advance made it impossible to remove all the sick and wounded and non-combatants. Another factor which influenced Outram's decision to remain in Lucknow was the discovery of a large stock of
1081:
rushed forward. Finding the breach too small to accommodate the mass of troops, the Punjab Infantry moved to the left and overran the defences at the main garden gateway. Once inside, the Punjabis, many of whom were Sikhs, emptied their muskets and resorted to the bayonet. Sepoys responded with
1118:
The Moti Mahal, the last major position that separated the two British forces, was cleared by charges from Campbell's column. Only an open space of 450 yards (410 m) now separated the two forces. Outram, Havelock and some other officers ran across the space to confer with Campbell, before
501:
Army had become increasingly troubled over the preceding years, feeling that their religion and customs were under threat from the evangelising activities of the Company. Lawrence was well aware of the rebellious mood of the Indian troops under his command (which included several units of Oudh
1127:
Although Outram and Havelock both recommended storming the Kaisarbagh palace to secure the British position, Campbell knew that other rebel forces were threatening Cawnpore and other cities held by the British, and he ordered Lucknow to be abandoned. The evacuation began on 19 November. While
666:
now began, with the Residency as the centre of the defences. The actual defended line was based on six detached smaller buildings and four entrenched batteries. The position covered some 60 acres (240,000 m) of ground, and the garrison (855 British officers and soldiers, 712 Indians, 153
1049:
The Secundra Bagh is a high-walled garden approximately 120 yards square, with parapets at each corner and a main entry gate arch on the southern wall. Campbell's column approached along a road that ran parallel to the eastern wall of the garden. The advancing column of infantry, cavalry and
802:
Outram arrived at Cawnpore with reinforcements on 15 September. He allowed Havelock to command the relief force, accompanying it nominally as a volunteer until Lucknow was reached. The force numbered 3,179 and was composed of six British and one Sikh infantry battalions, with three artillery
1114:
Within the besieged residency, Havelock and Outram completed their preparations to link up with Campbell's column. Positioned in the Chuttur Munzil, they executed their plan to blow open the outer walls of the garden once they could see that the Secundra Bagh was in Campbell's hands.
1019:
the Dilkusha park. The column then advanced to La Martinière. By noon, the Dilkusha and La Martinière were in British hands. The defending sepoys vigorously attacked the British left flank from the Bank's House, but the British counter-attacked and drove them back into Lucknow.
882:
The defenders were able to send messengers to and from the Alambagh, from where in turn messengers could reach Cawnpore. (Later, a semaphore system made the risky business of sending messengers between the Residency and the Alambagh unnecessary.) A volunteer civil servant,
1082:
counter-attacks. Highlanders pouring in by the breach shouted, "Remember Cawnpore!" Gradually the din of battle waned. The dwindling force of defenders moved northward until retreat was no longer possible. The British numbered the sepoy dead at nearly 2000.
1054:
artillery was also hauled by rope and hand over the steep road embankment and placed within 60 yards (55 m) of the enclosure. Although significant British casualties were sustained in these manoeuvres, the cannon fire breached the southeastern wall.
1106:
breach. The small advance party pushed through the opening, crossed the courtyard and opened the main gates. Seeing the long sought opening, their comrades rushed forth into the Shah Najaf. Campbell made his headquarters in the Shah Najaf by nightfall.
928:. He diverted his force to Agra, to find the rebels had apparently retreated. While his force rested, they were surprised and attacked by the rebel force, which had been close by. Nevertheless, they rallied, defeated and dispersed the rebel force. This
989:
by Havelock and Outram just north of the Alambagh had been fortified. The Charbagh Canal from the Dilkusha Bridge to the Charbagh Bridge was dammed and flooded to prevent troops or heavy guns fording it. Cannon emplaced in entrenchments north of the
865:. Twenty-one shafts were sunk and 3,291 feet of gallery were constructed by the defenders. The rebels dug 20 mines: three caused loss of life, two did no injury, seven were blown in, and seven were tunnelled into and their galleries taken over.
775:
who was left in charge at Cawnpore. Havelock eventually received 257 reinforcements and some more guns, and tried again to advance. He won another victory near Unao on 4 August, but was once again too weak to continue the advance, and retired.
993:
not only daily bombarded the besieged Residency but also enfiladed the only viable relief path. However, the lack of a unified command structure among the sepoys diminished the value of their superior numbers and strategic positions.
674:
of the 32nd Foot saved him while under intense musket and cannon fire, and was later awarded the Victoria Cross. The first attack was repulsed on 1 July. The next day, Lawrence was fatally wounded by a shell, dying on 4 July. Colonel
955:
was still in recent memory. In British eyes, Lucknow had become a symbol of their resolve. Accordingly, Campbell left 1,100 troops in Cawnpore for its defence, leading 600 cavalry, 3,500 infantry and 42 guns to the Alambagh, in what
915:
from the first week in June. On 10 September, they launched a storming attempt, and by 21 September they had captured the city. On 24 September, a column of 2,790 British, Sikh and Punjabi troops under Colonel Greathed of the
861:
rebels, but was disappointed. For the next six weeks, the rebels continued to subject the defenders to musket and artillery fire, and dug a series of mines beneath them. The defenders replied with sorties, as before, and dug
857:
supplies beneath the Residency, sufficient to maintain the garrison for two months. Lawrence had laid in the stores, but died before he had informed any of his subordinates (Inglis had feared that starvation was imminent).
1119:
returning. Stubborn resistance continued as the sepoys defended their remaining positions, but repeated efforts by the British cleared these last pockets of resistance. The second relief column had reached the Residency.
1162:
had flown day and night (against the usual practice, which is to strike national flags at dusk), as it was nailed to the flagpole. After the British re-took control of Lucknow, by special dispensation (unique within the
1307:(copyright 1956/1979) is a fictional account of the last days of East India Company rule in India with many scenes set in Lucknow and environs. Most of the latter part of the book is set in Lucknow during the Siege.
810:
The advance resumed on 18 September. This time, the rebels did not make any serious stand in the open country, even failing to destroy some vital bridges. On 23 September, Havelock's force drove the rebels from the
532:. When news of this reached Lucknow, Lawrence recognised the gravity of the crisis and summoned from their homes two sets of pensioners, one of sepoys and one of artillerymen, to whose loyalty, and to that of the
1347:(Season 2, Episode 1), the Dowager Countess, Violet Crawley, tells her granddaughter during World War I, "War deals out strange tasks. Remember your great-aunt Roberta...She loaded the guns at Lucknow."
560:
On 23 May, Lawrence began fortifying the Residency and laying in supplies for a siege; large numbers of British civilians made their way there from outlying districts. On 30 May (the Muslim festival of
780:
from behind, Havelock marched again to Unao and won a third victory there. He then fell back across the Ganges, and destroyed the newly completed bridge. On 16 August, he defeated a rebel force at
840:
were killed storming a bridge. They then turned to their right, following the west bank of the canal. The 78th Highlanders took a wrong turning, but were able to capture a rebel battery near the
819:
rains, much of the open ground around the city was flooded or waterlogged, preventing the British making any outflanking moves and forcing them to make a direct advance through part of the city.
1090:
By late noon, a detachment of the relief column led by Adrian Hope disengaged from the Secundra Bagh and moved towards the Shah Najaf. The Shah Najaf, a walled mosque, is the mausoleum of
947:, to proceed to the Alambagh, and transport the sick and wounded to Cawnpore. He was also strictly enjoined not to commit himself to any relief of Lucknow until Campbell himself arrived.
951:
3 November. The rebels held effective control of large parts of the countryside. Campbell considered, but rejected, securing the countryside before launching his relief of Lucknow.
276:
768:
Havelock managed to get a spy through to the Residency, telling them that 2 rockets would be fired at a certain time on the night when the relief force was ready to attack.
627:
As a result of the defeat, the detached turreted building, Machchhi Bhawan (Muchee Bowan), which contained 200 barrels (~27 t) of gunpowder and a large supply of ball
1174:
awarded in a single day was the 24 earned on 16 November, during the second relief, the bulk of these being for the assault on the Secundrabagh. Among the recipients was
903:
The rebellion had involved a very wide stretch of territory in northern India. Large numbers of rebels had flocked to Delhi, where they proclaimed the restoration of the
565:), most of the Oudh and Bengal troops at Lucknow broke into open rebellion. In addition to his locally recruited pensioners, Lawrence also had the bulk of the British
815:, a walled park four miles south of the Residency. Leaving the baggage with a small force in the Alambagh, he began the final advance on 25 September. Because of the
604:
and dug-in artillery. Whilst they were under attack, some of Lawrence's sepoys and Indian artillerymen defected to the rebels, overturning their guns and cutting the
920:
marched through the Lahore Gate to restore British rule from Delhi to Cawnpore. On 9 October, Greathed received urgent calls for help from a British garrison in the
787:
Havelock's retreat was tactically necessary, but caused the rebellion in Oudh to become a national revolt, as previously uncommitted landowners joined the rebels.
690:
The defenders, their number constantly reduced by military action as well as disease, were able to repulse all attempts to overwhelm them. On 5 August a rebel
1697:
757:, 48 miles (77 km) from Lucknow. On 20 July, he decided to attempt to relieve Lucknow, but it took six days to ferry his force of 1500 men across the
1135:. Campbell left Outram with 4,000 men to defend the Alambagh, while he himself moved with 3,000 men and most of the civilians to Cawnpore on 27 November.
521:
and Muslim Indian soldiers. On 1 May, the 7th Oudh Irregular Infantry refused to bite the cartridge, and on 3 May they were disarmed by other regiments.
269:
1972:
2607:
592:
organised. The troops were forced to march without food or adequate water during the hottest part of the day at the height of summer, and at the
683:
was appointed the acting Civil Commissioner by Lawrence. When Banks was killed by a sniper a short time later, Inglis assumed overall command.
2413:
262:
670:
One of the first bombardments following the beginning of the siege, on 30 June, caused a civilian to be trapped by a falling roof. Corporal
2627:
2251:
2230:
2210:
2205:
1702:
985:
with the ships' guns (8-inch guns and 24-pounder howitzers) and fought their way from Calcutta until they met up with Campbell's force.
2612:
2200:
2190:
2563:
848:
By the time of the relief, the defenders of the Residency had endured a siege of 87 days, and were reduced to 982 fighting personnel.
1533:
517:; the cartridges for this weapon were believed to be greased with a mixture of beef and pork fat, which was felt would defile both
1237:. He made extensive use of memoirs and journals of survivors of the Siege, such as those of Mrs Julia Inglis and Mrs Maria Germon.
1131:
At the Dilkusha Park, Havelock died (of a sudden attack of dysentery) on 24 November. The entire army and convoy now moved to the
2423:
1940:
2220:
738:
507:
510:, of some of the manifestations of discontent, and asked permission to transfer certain rebellious corps to another province.
2418:
2357:
1965:
1778:
1758:
1750:
2438:
2408:
917:
491:
136:
1058:
2544:
2499:
2428:
2347:
2225:
1277:
also contain lengthy scenes set in the Residency during the siege. The main character, Flashman, even makes reference to
961:
804:
803:
batteries, but only 168 volunteer cavalry. They were divided into two brigades, under Neill and Colonel Hamilton of the
2539:
2534:
2509:
2504:
2337:
1178:, a Black Nova Scotian, for manning a gun at the Shah Najaf action despite the loss of all but one of his crew mates.
2622:
2549:
2529:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2383:
2011:
1796:
1719:
1598:
1465:
1205:
461:
435:
1012:
1011:
Lucknow, Campbell opted to make a flanking march to the east and proceed to Dilkusha Park. He would then advance to
443:
2474:
2352:
2342:
2327:
2215:
1958:
1338:
is set in the lead up to and siege of Lucknow with the evacuation, seen from perspective of women in the Residency.
2524:
2519:
2514:
2322:
2289:
1824:
1768:
1041:
944:
360:
173:
935:
Shortly afterwards, Greathed received reinforcements from Delhi, and was superseded in command by Major General
932:
cleared all organised rebel forces from the area between Delhi and Cawnpore, although guerrilla bands remained.
836:
The force met heavy resistance trying to cross the Charbagh Canal, but succeeded after nine out of ten men of a
2494:
2448:
2362:
2332:
796:
552:
439:
168:
1247:
was a play written immediately after the events and was very popular in the theatre, playing for twenty years.
2469:
1848:
2632:
2443:
2284:
2195:
2185:
1078:
715:
704:
494:, a very experienced administrator, took up the appointment only six weeks before the rebellion broke out.
2617:
2433:
2393:
1622:
1351:
687:
weeks of the siege, but the rebels lacked a unified command able to coordinate all the besieging forces.
1838:
2453:
1273:
952:
1864:
2398:
2388:
1879:
503:
350:
38:
1924:'s "The Defence of Lucknow", is poem depicting the events leading up to the day of the first relief.
576:, a large and important station 51 miles (82 km) from Lucknow. This was followed by another at
2378:
2294:
2091:
1213:
772:
581:
424:
393:
310:
286:
178:
30:
1658:
2403:
2299:
1268:
1233:
544:
428:
325:
765:, but casualties, disease and heatstroke reduced his force to 850 effectives, and he fell back.
100:
2602:
2269:
1738:
1369:
1209:
876:
377:
1511:
396:. After two successive relief attempts had reached the city, the defenders and civilians were
2001:
1380:
1289:
1074:
884:
872:
616:
566:
502:
Irregulars, recruited from the former army of the state of Oudh). On 18 April, he warned the
74:
967:
British warships were dispatched from Hong Kong to Calcutta. The marines and sailors of the
2304:
2279:
2274:
700:
696:
628:
514:
397:
1537:
8:
2159:
2031:
1875:
1626:
1383:"The Defence of Lucknow" presents the whole narrative from the imperialist point of view.
1278:
1182:
1091:
1051:
676:
644:
639:
345:
47:
1891:
1572:
1097:
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late in October, where he received orders from the new commander-in-chief in India, Sir
723:
2101:
1843:
1357:
1066:, several months after its storming during the second relief – albumen silver print by
1002:
969:
771:
There followed a sharp exchange of letters between Havelock and the insolent Brigadier
680:
654:
389:
355:
198:
104:
1885:
1870:
1023:
evening of 15 November, the Residency was signalled by semaphore, "Advance tomorrow."
2070:
2065:
1934:
1908:
1792:
1774:
1754:
1746:
1729:
1715:
1604:
1594:
1472:
1461:
1350:
The arrival of the second relief force is the subject of "The Relief of Lucknow", by
1316:
1175:
593:
588:. Thus, in the course of ten days, British authority in Oudh practically evaporated.
498:
320:
305:
150:
2106:
2096:
1981:
1764:
1456:
1189:
Defence of Lucknow, awarded to the original defenders - 29 June to 22 November 1857
936:
213:
182:
140:
2154:
2086:
1944:
1921:
1588:
1294:
1240:
953:
The massacre of British women and children following the capitulation of Cawnpore
908:
671:
663:
218:
536:
and some Hindu sepoys, the successful defence of the Residency was largely due.
2164:
2111:
2060:
2021:
1311:
1221:
1171:
1164:
929:
912:
828:
750:
691:
620:
580:, one of the most important cities in the province, and outbreaks at Daryabad,
482:
340:
335:
330:
315:
155:
2596:
2578:
2565:
2235:
2016:
2006:
1693:
1688:
1451:
1343:
1320:
relies heavily on fictional events that supposedly occurred during the siege.
1228:
1063:
1036:
982:
957:
904:
585:
2055:
1636:
1608:
1558:
1323:
1250:
1067:
862:
837:
758:
728:
648:
605:
597:
254:
208:
1950:
1195:
Lucknow, awarded to troops in the final capture of Lucknow - November 1857
822:
2138:
2026:
1293:
devotes an entire chapter to the rebellion, quoting extensively from Sir
1260:
990:
562:
548:
Contemporary plan of the movements during the siege and relief of Lucknow
203:
1733:
1630:
1300:
1284:
1159:
1006:
Route taken by Colin Campbell in November 1857 in his relief of Lucknow
841:
609:
475:
1150:
569:
available, and they were able to drive the rebels away from the city.
1903:
1745:, Edinburgh and London: William Black and Son, 1904, reprinted 2006,
921:
608:. His exhausted British soldiers retreated in disorder. Some died of
159:
413:
2132:
1143:
The first siege had lasted 87 days, the second siege a further 61.
1132:
895:
875:
being disguised as a sepoy during the siege of Lucknow, painted by
868:
812:
754:
577:
486:
1687:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
679:
of the 32nd Regiment took military command of the garrison. Major
478:/Awadh had been annexed by the British East India Company and the
1217:
1154:
Inglis' Quarters in the ruins of Residency in Lucknow, circa 2014
816:
781:
601:
573:
381:
70:
1884:, London: James R. Osgood, McIlvaine & Co., 1892. Online at
1770:
Victoria's Scottish Lion: The Life of Colin Campbell, Lord Clyde
112:
2127:
1374:
940:
525:
1896:, Oxford University Press, 1858. Digital copy on Google Books.
1227:
The siege, with significant differences, was fictionalised in
1192:
Relief of Lucknow, awarded to the relief force - November 1857
556:
Lucknow, Intrenched Position of the British garrison map, 1911
1996:
762:
631:, was blown up and the detachment withdrew to the Residency.
529:
518:
479:
385:
513:
The flashpoint of the rebellion was the introduction of the
2169:
1706:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
925:
732:
533:
116:
1281:
painting and claims he's the soldier holding his hand out.
795:
Havelock had been superseded in command by Major General
743:
Attack of the Mutineers on the Redan Battery at Lucknow
1457:
Self-Help; with Illustrations of Character and Conduct
719:
7th Hussars, charging a body of the Mutineer's Cavalry
1199:
1869:, London: James Nisbet & Co., 1858. Online at
890:
662:Lawrence retreated into the Residency, where the
2594:
1866:A Widow's Reminiscences of the Siege of Lucknow.
1814:, London: Archibald Constable & Company 1903
1534:"Collections search | Imperial War Museums"
16:Siege fought during the Indian Rebellion of 1857
1364:also describes the events of the second relief.
1101:The ruins of the Lucknow Residency in the 1880s
1045:The 93rd Highlanders clearing the Secunder Bagh
1806:. Chatham: The Institution of Royal Engineers.
596:they met a well-organised rebel force, led by
400:from the Residency, which was then abandoned.
1966:
1904:A Diary Kept by Mrs. R. C. Germon, at Lucknow
1804:History of the Corps of Royal Engineers Vol I
1257:is set partially in Lucknow during the siege.
1085:
270:
2384:Cities and towns in Lakhimpur Kheri district
2252:Feroze Gandhi Unchahar Thermal Power Station
2231:Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport
1893:A personal narrative of the siege of Lucknow
1373:depicts the siege from the perspective of a
1030:
284:
1980:
1428:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1404:
1402:
624:who were hacked to pieces by rebel sepoys.
442:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1973:
1959:
1743:A History of the Indian Mutiny Volumes 1–3
1656:
1586:
790:
528:broke into open rebellion, and marched on
403:
277:
263:
1763:
899:Grand Trunk Roads of northern India 1857.
462:Learn how and when to remove this message
376:was the prolonged defence of the British
1692:
1536:. Collections.iwm.org.uk. Archived from
1423:
1411:
1399:
1149:
1096:
1057:
1040:
1001:
894:
867:
821:
749:On 16 July, a force under Major General
737:
722:
714:
653:
638:
619:, 13th Native Infantry, was awarded the
551:
543:
2608:Battles of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
784:, disposing of the threat to Cawnpore.
761:. On 29 July, Havelock won a battle at
710:
497:The sepoys of the East India Company's
2595:
2394:Cities and towns in Raebareli district
1801:
1791:, Christopher Hibbert, Penguin, 1978,
1621:
1450:
1185:had three clasps relating to Lucknow:
1954:
1245:Jessie Brown or the Relief of Lucknow
1208:was a silent film, filmed in 1911 at
258:
233:1,729 troops, rising to approx. 8,000
2414:Villages in Lakhimpur Kheri district
2399:Cities and towns in Sitapur district
2389:Cities and towns in Lucknow district
1625:(1880). "The Relief of Lucknow". In
1514:. The Indian Express. 15 August 2009
1109:
832:, 25 September 1857. Engraving, 1858
572:On 4 June, there was a rebellion at
440:adding citations to reliable sources
407:
2628:Sieges involving the United Kingdom
2379:Cities and towns in Hardoi district
539:
236:5,000 men, rising to approx. 30,000
13:
2404:Cities and towns in Unnao district
2221:Barabanki–Lucknow Suburban Railway
1818:
1812:Story of a Soldier's Life Volume 1
1810:Wolseley, Field Marshal Viscount,
1802:Porter, Maj Gen Whitworth (1889).
1773:. UK: History Press. p. 496.
634:
524:On 10 May, the Indian soldiers at
14:
2644:
2613:Military history of British India
2012:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
1928:
1632:Parnassus: An Anthology of Poetry
1473:1897 edition at Project Gutenberg
1341:In the British television series
1200:Representation in popular culture
1122:
918:8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot
1680:
997:
658:Lawrence showing his battery gun
412:
111:
99:
37:
2290:Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary
2226:Lucknow–Kanpur Suburban Railway
1886:A Celebration of Women Writers.
1871:A Celebration of Women Writers.
1728:. London: Folio Society, 1962.
1673:
1650:
1615:
1580:
1566:
1552:
1526:
960:described as an example of the
851:
612:within sight of the Residency.
2424:Villages in Raebareli district
1504:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1444:
1435:
1147:1858 all fighting had ceased.
891:Preparations for second relief
246:2,500 killed, wounded, missing
1:
1881:The Siege of Lucknow: a Diary
1587:Fitzgerald, Valerie (2014) .
1387:
707:of the 13th Native Infantry.
703:of the 32nd Foot and Captain
194:Various commanders including:
85:British relief and withdrawal
2419:Villages in Lucknow district
2285:Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary
1849:Resources in other libraries
1712:Battles of the Indian Mutiny
1657:McGonagall, William (1885).
1623:Lowell, Robert Traill Spence
1392:
1138:
1079:4th Punjab Infantry Regiment
705:Robert Hope Moncrieff Aitken
7:
2439:People from Lakhimpur Kheri
2409:Villages in Hardoi district
1352:Robert Traill Spence Lowell
1334:Valerie Fitzgerald's novel
10:
2649:
2429:Villages in Unnao district
1724:Forbes-Mitchell, William.
1274:Flashman in the Great Game
1086:Storming of the Shah Najaf
1034:
962:"women and children first"
390:British East India Company
2462:
2371:
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2178:
2147:
2120:
2079:
2043:
1989:
1943:30 September 2007 at the
1863:Bartrum, Katherine Mary.
1844:Resources in your library
1441:Edwardes (1963), pp.81-81
1255:In the Heart of the Storm
1073:Elements of the Scottish
1031:Storming of Secundra Bagh
827:The Relief of Lucknow by
296:
240:
227:
127:
93:
61:30 May – 27 November 1857
53:
36:
28:
23:
2623:History of Uttar Pradesh
2295:Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary
2216:Charbagh railway station
1936:Pakistan Defence Journal
1659:"The Capture of Lucknow"
1593:. London: Head of Zeus.
964:protocol being applied.
394:Indian Rebellion of 1857
388:(Indian soldiers in the
288:Indian Rebellion of 1857
179:James George Smith Neill
31:Indian Rebellion of 1857
2300:Samaspur Bird Sanctuary
1703:Encyclopædia Britannica
1269:George MacDonald Fraser
1234:The Siege of Krishnapur
1216:and other locations in
791:First relief of Lucknow
695:these sorties: Captain
404:Background to the siege
2270:Kukrail Reserve Forest
1858:First person accounts:
1787:Hibbert, Christopher,
1381:Alfred Lord Tennyson's
1362:The Capture of Lucknow
1170:The largest number of
1158:During the siege, the
1155:
1102:
1070:
1046:
1007:
900:
879:
877:Louis William Desanges
833:
746:
735:
720:
659:
651:
557:
549:
128:Commanders and leaders
2449:People from Raebareli
2002:University of Lucknow
1726:The Relief of Lucknow
1367:The 1981 Indian film
1290:Following the Equator
1279:Thomas Jones Barker's
1224:and released in 1912.
1206:The Relief of Lucknow
1153:
1100:
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898:
885:Thomas Henry Kavanagh
873:Thomas Henry Kavanagh
871:
825:
741:
726:
718:
657:
642:
617:William George Cubitt
567:32nd Regiment of Foot
555:
547:
241:Casualties and losses
44:The Relief of Lucknow
2305:Sandi Bird Sanctuary
2280:Dudhwa Tiger Reserve
2275:Dudhwa National Park
1876:Inglis, Julia Selina
1627:Emerson, Ralph Waldo
1540:on 27 September 2011
1287:'s non-fiction book
1062:The interior of the
711:First relief attempt
697:Samuel Hill Lawrence
436:improve this section
392:'s Army) during the
2633:19th-century sieges
2579:26.8606°N 80.9158°E
2575: /
2444:People from Lucknow
2121:Rivers, dams, lakes
1890:Rees, L. E. Ruutz.
1878:, Lady, 1833–1904,
1710:Edwardes, Michael,
1183:Indian Mutiny Medal
1092:Ghazi-ud-Din Haider
645:John Eardley Inglis
380:within the city of
48:Thomas Jones Barker
2618:History of Lucknow
2454:People from Unnao
2434:People from Hardoi
1698:Indian Mutiny, The
1501:Porter, 1889, p493
1492:Porter, 1889, p489
1483:Porter, 1889, p487
1432:Porter, 1889, p486
1420:Porter, 1889, p485
1408:Porter, 1889, p484
1377:dancer in Lucknow.
1358:William McGonagall
1305:Shadow of the Moon
1156:
1103:
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1027:to Secundra Bagh.
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492:Sir Henry Lawrence
199:Begum Hazrat Mahal
105:East India Company
2558:
2557:
2148:Languages, people
2071:Kakori conspiracy
2066:Khilafat Movement
1909:Project Gutenberg
1825:Library resources
1780:978-0-75095-685-7
1765:Greenwood, Adrian
1759:978-81-206-2001-8
1751:978-81-206-1999-9
1663:McGonagall Online
1574:Relief of Lucknow
1560:RELIEF OF LUCKNOW
1317:Ruby in the Smoke
1265:In Times of Peril
1214:St. George's Town
1110:Residency reached
913:besieged the city
911:. A British army
594:Battle of Chinhat
499:Bengal Presidency
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1982:Lucknow division
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939:. Grant reached
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805:78th Highlanders
797:Sir James Outram
540:Rebellion begins
504:Governor General
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1696:, ed. (1911). "
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1028:
1024:
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1013:La Martinière
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998:Second relief
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983:Naval Brigade
980:
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958:Samuel Smiles
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474:The state of
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452:November 2017
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421:This section
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75:British India
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32:
27:
22:
19:
2560:
2358:Mohanlalganj
2056:Lucknow Pact
2050:
2032:
1935:
1915:
1914:
1902:
1892:
1880:
1865:
1857:
1856:
1839:Online books
1829:
1811:
1803:
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1769:
1742:
1725:
1711:
1701:
1674:Bibliography
1662:
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1637:Bartleby.com
1631:
1617:
1589:
1582:
1573:
1568:
1559:
1554:
1542:. Retrieved
1538:the original
1528:
1516:. Retrieved
1506:
1497:
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1455:
1446:
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1368:
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1335:
1327:
1324:Anurag Kumar
1315:
1310:The plot of
1304:
1288:
1272:
1264:
1254:
1251:Maxwell Gray
1244:
1232:
1180:
1176:William Hall
1169:
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1068:Felice Beato
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1017:
1009:
987:
978:
974:
968:
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949:
934:
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881:
859:
855:
852:Second siege
847:
838:forlorn hope
835:
826:
809:
801:
794:
786:
778:
770:
767:
759:Ganges River
748:
742:
699:and Private
689:
685:
669:
661:
649:William Gush
626:
614:
598:Barkat Ahmad
590:
571:
559:
523:
512:
508:Lord Canning
496:
473:
458:
449:
434:Please help
422:
373:
371:
351:2nd Cawnpore
306:1st Cawnpore
300:
209:Barkat Ahmad
184:
169:James Outram
161:
142:
94:Belligerents
43:
18:
2582: /
2263:sanctuaries
2035:(newspaper)
2033:The Pioneer
2027:Lucknow Zoo
1261:G. A. Henty
991:Gumti River
773:James Neill
753:recaptured
677:John Inglis
615:Lieutenant
563:Eid ul-Fitr
384:from rebel
356:2nd Lucknow
301:1st Lucknow
204:Birjis Qadr
151:John Inglis
2597:Categories
2570:80°54′57″E
2567:26°51′38″N
2545:Saharanpur
2500:Chitrakoot
2348:Rae Bareli
2245:Industries
2160:Hindustani
1388:References
1370:Umrao Jaan
1301:M. M. Kaye
1285:Mark Twain
1160:Union Jack
1052:18-pounder
979:Sanspareil
842:Qaisarbagh
681:John Banks
610:heatstroke
149:Brigadier
2540:Prayagraj
2535:Moradabad
2510:Gorakhpur
2505:Devipatan
2338:Dhaurahra
2314:Lok Sabha
2179:Transport
2102:Raebareli
2080:Districts
1393:Footnotes
1139:Aftermath
981:formed a
629:cartridge
582:Sultanpur
423:does not
398:evacuated
378:Residency
346:Najafgarh
2550:Varanasi
2530:Mirzapur
2490:Bareilly
2485:Azamgarh
2372:See also
2261:Wildlife
2135:(Sarayu)
2133:Ghaghara
1941:Archived
1767:(2015).
1590:Zemindar
1454:(1859).
1360:'s poem
1336:Zemindar
1253:'s 1891
1133:Alambagh
941:Cawnpore
922:Red Fort
813:Alambagh
755:Cawnpore
578:Faizabad
487:Calcutta
228:Strength
66:Location
29:Part of
2480:Ayodhya
2475:Aligarh
2353:Sitapur
2343:Lucknow
2328:Misrikh
2107:Sitapur
2097:Lucknow
2044:History
1990:General
1691::
1642:10 July
1629:(ed.).
1609:8751836
1544:10 June
1518:18 June
1220:by the
1218:Bermuda
970:Shannon
817:monsoon
602:cavalry
574:Sitapur
444:removed
429:sources
382:Lucknow
321:Chinhat
249:unknown
185:†
162:†
143:†
71:Lucknow
2525:Meerut
2520:Kanpur
2515:Jhansi
2323:Hardoi
2211:NH 56B
2206:NH 56A
2196:NH 25A
2186:NH 24B
2155:Awadhi
2128:Ganges
2087:Hardoi
1984:topics
1916:Other:
1827:about
1795:
1777:
1757:
1749:
1734:200654
1732:
1718:
1685:
1607:
1597:
1576:. IMDB
1464:
1375:nautch
907:under
782:Bithur
729:Ganges
606:traces
526:Meerut
386:sepoys
326:Jhelum
181:
158:
139:
82:Result
2495:Basti
2363:Unnao
2333:Kheri
2201:NH 56
2191:NH 25
2139:Gomti
2112:Unnao
1997:Awadh
975:Pearl
763:Unnao
731:into
664:siege
600:with
586:Salon
530:Delhi
519:Hindu
480:Nawab
336:Arrah
316:Delhi
46:, by
2470:Agra
2170:Urdu
1793:ISBN
1775:ISBN
1755:ISBN
1753:and
1747:ISBN
1730:OCLC
1716:ISBN
1644:2017
1605:OCLC
1595:ISBN
1546:2012
1520:2017
1462:ISBN
1267:and
1181:The
1077:and
977:and
926:Agra
733:Oudh
692:mine
643:Sir
584:and
534:Sikh
476:Oudh
427:any
425:cite
372:The
341:Agra
331:Aong
117:Oudh
58:Date
1907:at
1700:".
1326:'s
1314:'s
1303:'s
1271:'s
1263:'s
1243:'s
1231:'s
924:at
647:by
438:by
2599::
1939:.
1741:,
1661:.
1635:.
1603:.
1460:.
1425:^
1413:^
1401:^
1212:,
973:,
807:.
506:,
73:,
1974:e
1967:t
1960:v
1947:.
1783:.
1665:.
1646:.
1611:.
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1522:.
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1354:.
1297:.
465:)
459:(
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450:(
446:.
432:.
278:e
271:t
264:v
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