121:
108:
692:. Berroa's fleet arrived outside St. Augustine's harbor on December 28. Apparently believing the siege to already be over, Berroa did not land any troops. The next day, Governor ZĂșñiga sneaked some men out of the fort and made contact with the fleet. Berroa then landed Solloso and about 70 raw recruits on Anastasia Island, about 3 miles (4.8 km) below the fort. This action prompted Moore to lift the siege and prepare a retreat. Berroa also dispatched smaller ships to block the southern inlet to Matanzas Bay, trapping some of Moore's ships in the bay.
718:
50:
540:, and slaves) of which only 20 had any experience with weapons. ZĂșñiga did not consider either the Indians or the Negroes to be trustworthy, and estimated that only about 70 men of this entire force were actually prepared for a battle. He consequently prepared for a siege. His principal concern was the training of the artillerymen, of whom he wrote that they "had no service record, lacked discipline, and have only a slight knowledge of the ... guns which are mounted."
566:
672:
1727:
732:. He made a series of highly critical complaints of General Berroa: the general failed to destroy the English fleet; he failed to share the plunder taken from the ships burned by the English; he refused to leave any of his fleet to assist in protection of the town; and he landed only the weakest and least effective troops in a bid to avoid combat. The general also sailed for Havana on January 8, barely one week after the siege was lifted.
135:
668:) began mobilizing when they received the news of the siege. Short on supplies, they appealed to the French at Mobile, who provided critical guns and gunpowder; the Pensacola garrison also spared ten men. The relief force left San Luis de Apalachee on December 24, but turned back when news was received that the siege had been lifted.
578:; he did capture three enemy soldiers (two Englishmen and a Chiluque Indian) on 6 November, and returned with them to St. Augustine two days later. ZĂșñiga learned from these captives that the English had brought three months' provisions, and that they had only brought smaller cannons (6 to 10 pounders).
695:
Moore ordered the remaining buildings in the town, including the church, put to the torch. Some of his men departed north via the mainland, while the rest crossed
Matanzas Bay to their boats. Moore burned the eight ships trapped in the bay, and retreated to the north, eventually returning to Charles
640:
Since his cannon were not effective against the fort's walls, Moore attempted a deception to gain entry to the fort. On 14 December a
Yamasee couple managed to gain entry to the fort posing as refugees, apparently with the goal of detonating the fort's powder magazine. However, ZĂșñiga was suspicious
679:
Also on
December 24, sails from a pair of ships were spotted approaching St. Augustine. English records do not indicate what these ships were; Spanish records show that they were English in origin, but probably not from Jamaica, since the nature of the siege did not change with their arrival. The
485:
warriors, principally led by a
Yamasee chief named Arratommakaw. The exact size of these forces varies by source; accounts provide numbers ranging from 800 to 1,200 in strength; most sources say that about 500 colonists and 300â400 Indians took part. Some of this force, primarily the Indians, went
708:
Moore was forced to resign his post as governor because of the failed raid, and its cost to the province (which included compensating owners for the loss of their ships) caused riots in
Charles Town. Some of Moore's contemporary critics accused him of executing the raid for the purpose of seizing
699:
Casualty reports made by both sides varied; historian
Charles Arnade notes that all of the numbers reported are probably unreliable. Moore's report listed only two men killed, while ZĂșñiga in his report claimed that more than 60 of the English force were killed. ZĂșñiga claimed only three or four
601:
without resistance on 10 November. Eight of the
English ships crossed the bar and began landing men that day. As the English began to close the circle around the fortress, a Spanish foraging expedition successfully drove 163 head of cattle through the English lines and into the fort's (dry)
600:
Daniell's force, after being landed, made good progress. The small
Spanish force on Amelia Island was unable to check the English advance at San Juan del Puerto, and was dispersed; some of them took days to reach St. Augustine. Daniels continued to advance, and entered the town of St. Augustine
553:
Daniell's forces landed on Amelia Island, and began attacks on the northern end of the island at midnight on 3 November, killing two
Spanish soldiers and overrunning the village of San Pedro de Tupiqui. They advanced south, driving southward a flood of refugees and the few Spanish troops on the
522:
limestone. Governor Joseph de ZĂșñiga y ZĂ©rda assumed command of the post in 1700. Natives friendly to the
Spanish heard of the recruitment, and word of the expedition reached ZĂșñiga on October 27. He ordered the town's inhabitants into the fort, commandeered all food stores in anticipation of an
554:
island. The main settlements at San Felipe and San Marcos were overrun the next day, as the Spanish were in the process of evacuating them. ZĂșñiga learned of the advance on 5 November, and sent 20 men under Captain Joseph de Horruytiner north, with instructions to make a stand at
535:
Some of ZĂșñiga's men wanted to do battle with the English; the governor identified, in addition to 174 regulars and 14 artillerymen, 44 Europeans from the population that were fit for action, 123 Indians (most armed with poor-quality or useless weapons), and 57 black men (freemen,
569:
Detail from a period French map depicting the siege: * A: St. Augustine and the Castillo de San Marcos * B: Island where the English landed their boats, and where Spanish reinforcements arrived * C: Route by which James Moore retreated * D: Route by which Robert Daniell
513:
at St. Augustine was built in the later years of the 17th century, in part because previous English raids demonstrated the inadequacy of wooden fortifications, and to address the threat posed by the founding of Charles Town. The fortress, a fairly conventional
531:
with calls for assistance. Refugees swelled the civilian population to about 1,500, of which only a small number were deemed capable of military action. ZĂșñiga estimated the food provisions brought in to be sufficient for a siege of three months' duration.
709:
slaves or booty; the Spanish characterized it in religious terms, citing the "English provincial hatred against the Church of God." Moore continued to be active in the war, leading a small number of Carolinians and a large band of Indians on
713:
in Florida in 1704. By August 1706, "the Carolinians had destroyed everything in Spanish Florida from the Apalachicola to the St. Johns River", with St. Augustine becoming the only colonial settlement in Florida still under Spanish control.
473:. News of the war's formal opening arrived in 1702, and Moore convinced the provincial assembly in September 1702 to fund an expedition against St. Augustine. Moore raised a force of colonists and Indians, the latter a combination of
687:
held a war council on December 2, in which a relief expedition was organized. A detachment of over 200 infantry under the command of Captain LĂłpez de Solloso was embarked on a small fleet headed by General Estevan de Berroa in the
585:, south of St. Augustine. These were spotted from the fort on 7 November. The next day the main body of the fleet began arriving at the bar outside the St. Augustine inlet. This prompted ZĂșñiga to order his two frigates,
613:
The Spanish guns opened fire on the English as they began siege preparations on 10 November. One of the older Spanish cannon exploded that day, killing three and wounding five. A few days later, ZĂșñiga ordered a
637:, and began firing on the fortress from musket range on November 24. This cannon fire continued to have little effect, and Moore ordered more of the town torched the next day, including the Franciscan monastery.
562:
from St. Augustine, which ZĂșñiga saw as the "key to the province of Guale". The news also prompted ZĂșñiga to mobilize all able-bodied men over 14, and order all available food into the fort.
411:
After destroying coastal Spanish communities north of St. Augustine, Moore's forces arrived at St. Augustine on 10 November, and immediately began siege operations. The Spanish governor,
1693:
Boyd, Mark (April 1948). "The Siege of Saint Augustine by Governor Moore of South Carolina in 1702 as Reported to the King of Spain by Don Joseph de Zuniga y Zerda, Governor of Florida".
415:, had advance warning of their arrival, and withdrew civilians and food supplies into the fortress, and also sent messengers to nearby Spanish and French communities for relief.
735:
In 1704 Governor ZĂșñiga convinced some Spanish privateers to raid the Carolina coast in revenge for Moore's activities. Spanish and French forces, motivated and organized by
684:
454:. Merchants and slavers from the new province penetrated into Spanish Florida, leading to raiding and reprisal expeditions on both sides. In 1700, governor of Carolina
728:
Governor ZĂșñiga was rewarded for his successful defense with a special commendation from the king and promotion to the more prestigious and desirable governorship of
219:
442:
English and Spanish colonization efforts in South-eastern North America began coming into conflict as early as the middle of the 17th century. The founding of the
629:
walls of the fortress, and the Spanish guns had longer range, keeping most of his forces at bay. Around November 22, Moore dispatched Deputy Governor Daniell to
597:, which was outside the bar, was unable to cross, and was eventually burned. Sixteen of her men joined the fort's garrison, providing valuable gunnery skills.
1794:
462:, established by the Spanish in 1698, would be enforced. Blake's death later that year interrupted these plans, and he was replaced in 1702 by James Moore.
1829:
696:
Town in disgrace. ZĂșñiga sent men out after the English departure; they were able to recover three of the English boats that failed to burn completely.
644:
By 19 December the English trenches had closed on the fort to the point that they threatened nearby fields from which the Spanish had been collecting
751:
494:, while Moore embarked the rest of the force on 14 boats. These forces joined at Port Royal, and Daniell's force was landed on what is now known as
1819:
746:
The Castillo de San Marcos was not subjected to further attacks in the war. The expedition destroyed all but two communities in the provinces of
1740:
634:
212:
1316:
430:
landed troops nearby on 29 December. Moore lifted the siege the next day, and was forced to burn many of his boats before retreating to
618:
to destroy portions of the town within firing range of the fort; according to later accounts, this action destroyed more than 15,000
205:
754:; Spanish Florida never really recovered from the decimation of its population in the following years. St. Augustine was again
581:
In the meantime, Moore sailed south with the fleet. Three ships were sent ahead of the main fleet to blockade the entrance to
1666:
1643:
1595:
1566:
1539:
1512:
1431:
1371:
355:
771:
1789:
1361:
1804:
412:
151:
1799:
1347:
328:
288:
1784:
736:
256:
783:
721:
661:
466:
450:
in 1670 by English colonists significantly raised tensions with the Spanish who had long been established in
323:
229:
24:
1824:
555:
271:
641:
of their behavior and, according to his account of the siege, they were tortured into admitting the plot.
1814:
1366:
762:, and the castillo underwent numerous renovations and uses in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is now a
418:
The English guns did little damage to the fortress walls, prompting Governor Moore to send an appeal to
197:
1779:
1717:
487:
447:
431:
318:
308:
1386:. University of Florida Monographs: Social Sciences #3. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press.
360:
293:
700:
killed and 20 wounded for the Spanish contingent, none of which were caused by English cannon fire.
1809:
401:
313:
276:
683:
Spanish messengers from Pensacola eventually reported St. Augustine's plight to Havana. Governor
54:
Detail from a 1733 map showing the North American coastline between Charles Town and St. Augustine
740:
455:
266:
1320:
763:
755:
510:
470:
397:
261:
75:
20:
1421:
1585:
767:
340:
665:
443:
385:
743:
of Charles Town in August 1706; their attempts to land forces were successfully repulsed.
303:
8:
759:
729:
469:
arrived in the colonies, Moore proposed an expedition against Spanish Florida's capital,
377:
236:
112:
41:
680:
expedition to Jamaica, having failed in its mission, returned directly to Charles Town.
1702:
1655:
1615:
1587:
A colonial complex: South Carolina's frontiers in the era of the Yamasee War, 1680â1730
1466:
1408:
710:
459:
381:
350:
139:
1672:
1662:
1639:
1622:
1601:
1591:
1572:
1562:
1545:
1535:
1518:
1508:
1491:
1437:
1427:
1399:
Arnade, Charles W (July 1962). "The English Invasion of Spanish Florida, 1700â1706".
1387:
298:
717:
1487:
1483:
1458:
615:
422:
for larger guns. The Spanish calls for relief were successful; a fleet sent from
575:
528:
482:
451:
405:
389:
160:
79:
1731:
747:
619:
499:
491:
393:
1773:
1755:
1742:
1605:
1576:
1495:
625:
Moore had brought four small cannon, but these made little impression on the
559:
495:
49:
1549:
1522:
1441:
1449:
Crane, Verner W (April 1919). "The Southern Frontier in Queen Anne's War".
1391:
582:
524:
503:
1676:
1626:
498:(it was called Isla Santa Maria by the Spanish, and was part of Florida's
478:
227:
1706:
1412:
1470:
565:
1505:
Negotiated empires: centers and peripheries in the Americas, 1500â1820
671:
652:, and Spanish casualties were light: one killed and several wounded.
515:
125:
1462:
649:
388:
and their Indian allies, under the command of governor of Carolina
1482:. Ann Arbor books,4. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
633:
for larger cannons and ammunition. The English continued digging
630:
626:
537:
519:
474:
419:
134:
1711:
Translation of Governor ZĂșñiga's official account of the siege.
645:
423:
120:
107:
1423:
The Archaeology of Mission Santa Catalina de Guale, Volume 3
602:
427:
1502:
523:
extended siege, and dispatched messengers to Pensacola,
380:
during November and December 1702. It was conducted by
1715:
648:. As a result, ZĂșñiga ordered a sally. There was a
465:
Even before news of the war declarations opening the
1654:
1614:
1532:Old Mobile: Fort Louis de la Louisiane, 1702â1711
1771:
1590:. Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press.
1534:. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.
1503:Daniels, Christine; Kennedy, Michael V (2002).
1317:"National Register of Historic Places Database"
1617:The Governorship of Spanish Florida, 1700â1763
458:threatened the Spanish that English claims to
1561:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
213:
1795:Battles of the War of the Spanish Succession
1529:
1830:Sieges of the War of the Spanish Succession
1661:. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
1200:
1198:
1179:
1177:
990:
988:
969:
967:
675:View from the castillo over the harbor area
591:Nuestra Señora de la Piedad y el Niño JesĂșs
1701:(4). Florida Historical Society: 345â352.
826:
824:
724:planned a 1706 expedition against Carolina
220:
206:
1426:. New York: University of Georgia Press.
1167:
1165:
925:
923:
814:
812:
739:(who died shortly before its departure),
1419:
1407:(1). Florida Historical Society: 29â37.
1195:
1174:
1069:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
985:
976:
964:
716:
670:
593:, to anchor under the fort's guns. The
564:
1820:Pre-statehood history of South Carolina
1612:
1556:
1319:. National Park Service. Archived from
1293:
1291:
1137:
1135:
939:
937:
935:
821:
1772:
1657:Anglo-Spanish Rivalry in North America
1652:
1398:
1381:
1162:
920:
872:
847:
845:
809:
1636:The Spanish Frontier in North America
1633:
1621:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
1583:
1477:
1448:
886:
884:
574:Horruytiner never made it beyond the
490:under the command of Deputy Governor
201:
1692:
1638:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
1288:
1207:
1132:
932:
772:National Register of Historic Places
1060:
854:
842:
833:
711:the destruction of Spanish missions
548:
13:
1685:
881:
655:
14:
1841:
1725:
1695:The Florida Historical Quarterly
1559:Florida's frontiers, Volume 2001
1480:The Southern Frontier, 1670â1732
1401:The Florida Historical Quarterly
133:
119:
106:
48:
1384:The Siege of St. Augustine 1702
1309:
1300:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1186:
1153:
1144:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1051:
1042:
997:
955:
946:
911:
902:
893:
1507:. New York: Psychology Press.
1451:The American Historical Review
863:
800:
66:10 November â 30 December 1702
1:
1420:Bushnell, Amy Turner (1994).
1353:Siege of St. Augustine (1702)
806:Arnade (1959), pp. 22, 29, 35
789:
784:Siege of St. Augustine (1740)
467:War of the Spanish Succession
437:
25:Siege of St. Augustine (1740)
1372:Resources in other libraries
794:
703:
518:, was constructed from soft
502:), while Moore sailed on to
7:
1530:Higginbotham, Jay (1991) .
777:
758:in 1740 by forces from the
737:Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville
10:
1846:
1790:1702 in the British Empire
1653:Wright, J. Leitch (1971).
1382:Arnade, Charles W (1959).
1340:
722:Pierre LeMoyne d'Iberville
177:500â600 provincial militia
18:
1478:Crane, Verner W (1956) .
1367:Resources in your library
1150:Arnade (1959), pp. 47, 55
1057:Arnade (1959), pp. 41, 43
543:
413:JosĂ© de ZĂșñiga y la Cerda
247:
183:
166:
152:JosĂ© de ZĂșñiga y la Cerda
145:
98:
58:
47:
39:
34:
19:For the siege during the
1805:Sieges involving England
1613:TePaske, John J (1964).
1584:Oatis, Steven J (2004).
1240:Arnade (1962), pp. 35â36
1003:Arnade (1959), pp. 21â33
899:Arnade (1959), pp. 5, 14
608:
172:204 regulars and marines
157:Captain LĂłpez de Solloso
16:Part of Queen Anne's War
1488:2027/mdp.39015051125113
770:, and is listed on the
756:unsuccessfully besieged
251:Quebec and Newfoundland
1800:Sieges involving Spain
1557:Hoffman, Paul (2002).
725:
676:
571:
511:Castillo de San Marcos
398:Castillo de San Marcos
374:siege of St. Augustine
283:Acadia and New England
146:Commanders and leaders
35:Siege of St. Augustine
1785:1702 in North America
1756:29.89778°N 81.31139°W
1634:Weber, David (2009).
768:National Park Service
741:attempted the capture
720:
685:Pedro NicolĂĄs BenĂtez
674:
662:San Luis de Apalachee
568:
396:colonial fortress of
184:Casualties and losses
1267:Arnade (1959), p. 59
1222:Crane (1919), p. 386
1204:Arnade (1959), p. 61
1183:Arnade (1962), p. 33
1171:Arnade (1959), p. 57
1159:Arnade (1959), p. 55
1129:Arnade (1959), p. 53
1120:Arnade (1959), p. 50
1111:Arnade (1959), p. 58
1102:Arnade (1959), p. 51
1093:Arnade (1959), p. 47
1084:Arnade (1959), p. 46
1075:Arnade (1959), p. 44
1048:Arnade (1959), p. 40
1039:Arnade (1959), p. 38
1030:Arnade (1959), p. 37
1021:Arnade (1959), p. 21
1012:Arnade (1959), p. 26
994:Arnade (1959), p. 15
982:Arnade (1959), p. 14
973:Arnade (1959), p. 27
961:Arnade (1959), p. 35
952:Arnade (1959), p. 31
917:Arnade (1962), p. 32
869:Higginbotham, p. 114
860:Crane (1919), p. 385
851:Crane (1919), p. 384
839:Crane (1919), p. 381
830:Arnade (1962), p. 31
666:Tallahassee, Florida
527:, and the French at
444:Province of Carolina
386:Province of Carolina
335:Carolina and Florida
1761:29.89778; -81.31139
1752: /
1285:Crane (1956), p. 87
878:Arnade (1959), p. 7
818:Arnade (1959), p. 5
760:Province of Georgia
660:Spanish leaders at
622:worth of property.
556:San Juan del Puerto
384:colonists from the
329:2nd Northeast Coast
289:1st Northeast Coast
192:Reports vary; light
189:Reports vary; light
21:War of Jenkins' Ear
1815:Battles in Florida
726:
677:
572:
232:Spanish Succession
140:Kingdom of England
1780:Conflicts in 1702
1668:978-0-8203-0305-5
1645:978-0-300-05917-5
1597:978-0-8032-3575-5
1568:978-0-253-34019-1
1541:978-0-8173-0528-4
1514:978-0-415-92538-9
1433:978-0-8203-1712-0
1348:Library resources
1231:Wright, pp. 64â65
764:National Monument
369:
368:
196:
195:
155:Estevan de Berroa
94:
93:
1837:
1825:Queen Anne's War
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1721:
1710:
1680:
1660:
1649:
1630:
1620:
1609:
1580:
1553:
1526:
1499:
1474:
1445:
1416:
1395:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1214:
1213:Bushnell, p. 193
1211:
1205:
1202:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1172:
1169:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1004:
1001:
995:
992:
983:
980:
974:
971:
962:
959:
953:
950:
944:
943:Bushnell, p. 192
941:
930:
927:
918:
915:
909:
906:
900:
897:
891:
888:
879:
876:
870:
867:
861:
858:
852:
849:
840:
837:
831:
828:
819:
816:
807:
804:
549:English approach
378:Queen Anne's War
242:
241:
239:
238:Queen Anne's War
222:
215:
208:
199:
198:
138:
137:
124:
123:
113:Kingdom of Spain
111:
110:
60:
59:
52:
42:Queen Anne's War
32:
31:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1810:Spanish Florida
1770:
1769:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1714:
1688:
1686:Further reading
1683:
1669:
1646:
1598:
1569:
1542:
1515:
1463:10.2307/1835775
1434:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1338:
1326:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1306:TePaske, p. 196
1305:
1301:
1296:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1192:TePaske, p. 112
1191:
1187:
1182:
1175:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:TePaske, p. 111
1140:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1002:
998:
993:
986:
981:
977:
972:
965:
960:
956:
951:
947:
942:
933:
929:Hoffman, p. 176
928:
921:
916:
912:
907:
903:
898:
894:
889:
882:
877:
873:
868:
864:
859:
855:
850:
843:
838:
834:
829:
822:
817:
810:
805:
801:
797:
792:
780:
766:managed by the
706:
658:
656:Relief attempts
611:
576:St. Johns River
551:
546:
440:
406:Spanish Florida
370:
365:
243:
237:
235:
234:
231:
228:
226:
179:300â600 Indians
178:
174:1,500 civilians
173:
156:
154:
132:
118:
105:
90:Spanish victory
82:
80:Spanish Florida
53:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1843:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1735:
1734:
1713:
1712:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1667:
1650:
1644:
1631:
1610:
1596:
1581:
1567:
1554:
1540:
1527:
1513:
1500:
1475:
1457:(3): 379â395.
1446:
1432:
1417:
1396:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1308:
1299:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1258:TePaske, p. 40
1251:
1249:Daniels, p. 32
1242:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1194:
1185:
1173:
1161:
1152:
1143:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1005:
996:
984:
975:
963:
954:
945:
931:
919:
910:
901:
892:
880:
871:
862:
853:
841:
832:
820:
808:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
786:
779:
776:
705:
702:
657:
654:
635:siege trenches
610:
607:
550:
547:
545:
542:
500:Guale Province
492:Robert Daniell
439:
436:
392:, against the
367:
366:
364:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
337:
336:
332:
331:
326:
321:
319:2nd Port Royal
316:
311:
309:1st Port Royal
306:
301:
296:
291:
285:
284:
280:
279:
274:
269:
267:2nd St. John's
264:
262:1st St. John's
259:
253:
252:
248:
245:
244:
225:
224:
217:
210:
202:
194:
193:
190:
186:
185:
181:
180:
175:
169:
168:
164:
163:
158:
148:
147:
143:
142:
130:
129:
128:
101:
100:
96:
95:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
74:
72:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
45:
44:
37:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1842:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1768:
1765:
1733:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1333:
1332:ref #66000062
1323:on 2012-08-03
1322:
1318:
1312:
1303:
1297:Weber, p. 136
1294:
1292:
1282:
1276:Wright, p. 66
1273:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1199:
1189:
1180:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
1000:
991:
989:
979:
970:
968:
958:
949:
940:
938:
936:
926:
924:
914:
908:Wright, p. 54
905:
896:
887:
885:
875:
866:
857:
848:
846:
836:
827:
825:
815:
813:
803:
799:
785:
782:
781:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
733:
731:
723:
719:
715:
712:
701:
697:
693:
691:
686:
681:
673:
669:
667:
664:(present-day
663:
653:
651:
647:
642:
638:
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
606:
604:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
577:
567:
563:
561:
557:
541:
539:
533:
530:
526:
521:
517:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
496:Amelia Island
493:
489:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:St. Augustine
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
435:
434:in disgrace.
433:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
409:
407:
403:
402:St. Augustine
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
346:St. Augustine
344:
342:
339:
338:
334:
333:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
286:
282:
281:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
250:
249:
246:
240:
233:
223:
218:
216:
211:
209:
204:
203:
200:
191:
188:
187:
182:
176:
171:
170:
165:
162:
159:
153:
150:
149:
144:
141:
136:
131:
127:
122:
117:
116:
115:
114:
109:
103:
102:
97:
89:
86:
85:
81:
77:
76:St. Augustine
73:
70:
69:
65:
62:
61:
57:
51:
46:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
1737:
1698:
1694:
1656:
1635:
1616:
1586:
1558:
1531:
1504:
1479:
1454:
1450:
1422:
1404:
1400:
1383:
1362:Online books
1352:
1331:
1325:. Retrieved
1321:the original
1311:
1302:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1188:
1155:
1146:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1066:Oatis, p. 48
1062:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
978:
957:
948:
913:
904:
895:
890:Oatis, p. 47
874:
865:
856:
835:
802:
745:
734:
727:
707:
698:
694:
689:
682:
678:
659:
643:
639:
624:
612:
599:
594:
590:
586:
583:Matanzas Bay
580:
573:
552:
534:
508:
504:Matanzas Bay
486:overland to
464:
456:Joseph Blake
448:Charles Town
446:in 1663 and
441:
432:Charles Town
417:
410:
376:occurred in
373:
371:
356:Charles Town
345:
324:Bloody Creek
257:Newfoundland
104:
99:Belligerents
29:
1759: /
690:Black Eagle
390:James Moore
341:Flint River
272:Fort Albany
161:James Moore
1774:Categories
1747:81°18âČ41âłW
1744:29°53âČ52âłN
1327:2011-11-11
790:References
488:Port Royal
479:Tallapoosa
438:Background
230:War of the
1606:470278803
1577:248260149
1496:631544711
795:Citations
730:Cartagena
704:Aftermath
587:La Gloria
570:retreated
538:mulattoes
516:star fort
460:Pensacola
361:Pensacola
351:Apalachee
314:Haverhill
304:Grand Pré
299:Deerfield
126:New Spain
1707:30138652
1550:22732070
1523:47136486
1442:60107034
1413:30139893
778:See also
650:skirmish
558:, seven
294:Falmouth
167:Strength
71:Location
40:Part of
1732:Florida
1471:1835775
1392:1447747
1341:Sources
752:Timucua
631:Jamaica
627:coquina
595:Nuestra
560:leagues
520:coquina
483:Alabama
475:Yamasee
452:Florida
420:Jamaica
394:Spanish
382:English
1718:Portal
1705:
1677:213106
1675:
1665:
1642:
1627:478311
1625:
1604:
1594:
1575:
1565:
1548:
1538:
1521:
1511:
1494:
1469:
1440:
1430:
1411:
1390:
1350:about
646:forage
544:Battle
529:Mobile
525:Havana
481:, and
424:Havana
277:Quebec
87:Result
23:, see
1703:JSTOR
1467:JSTOR
1409:JSTOR
748:Guale
620:pesos
616:sally
609:Siege
404:, in
1673:OCLC
1663:ISBN
1640:ISBN
1623:OCLC
1602:OCLC
1592:ISBN
1573:OCLC
1563:ISBN
1546:OCLC
1536:ISBN
1519:OCLC
1509:ISBN
1492:OCLC
1438:OCLC
1428:ISBN
1388:OCLC
750:and
603:moat
589:and
509:The
428:Cuba
372:The
63:Date
1484:hdl
1459:doi
400:at
1776::
1699:26
1697:.
1671:.
1600:.
1571:.
1544:.
1517:.
1490:.
1465:.
1455:24
1453:.
1436:.
1405:41
1403:.
1330:.
1290:^
1197:^
1176:^
1164:^
1134:^
987:^
966:^
934:^
922:^
883:^
844:^
823:^
811:^
774:.
605:.
506:.
477:,
426:,
408:.
78:,
1720::
1709:.
1679:.
1648:.
1629:.
1608:.
1579:.
1552:.
1525:.
1498:.
1486::
1473:.
1461::
1444:.
1415:.
1394:.
221:e
214:t
207:v
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
