440:. When sediments are placed on or near beaches in order to replenish an eroding beach, any fines in the material will continue to be washed out for as long as the sand is being reworked. Since all replenished beaches are eroding or they would not need replenishment, they will contribute to nearshore siltation almost for as long as it takes to erode away what was added, albeit with somewhat decreasing intensity over time. Since the leakage is detrimental to coral reefs, the practice leads to a direct conflict between the public interest of saving beaches, and preserving any nearshore coral reefs. To minimize the conflict, beach replenishment should not be done with sand containing any silt or clay fractions. In practice the sand is often taken from offshore areas, and since the proportion of fines in sediments typically increases in the offshore direction, the deposited sand will inevitably contain a significant percentage of siltation-contributing fines.
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279:, correlating turbidity to sediment concentration (using a regression developed from water samples that are filtered, dried, and weighed), multiplying the concentration with the discharge as above, and integrating over the entire plume. To distinguish the spill contribution, the background turbidity is subtracted from the spill plume turbidity. Since the spill plume in open water varies in space and time, an integration over the entire plume is required, and repeated many times to get acceptably low uncertainty in the results. The measurements are made close to the source, in the order of a few hundred meters.
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147:. The result will be an increased amount of silt and clay in the water bodies that drain the area. In urban areas, the erosion source is typically construction activities, which involve clearing the original land-covering vegetation and temporarily creating something akin to an urban desert from which fines are easily washed out during rainstorms.
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It is desirable to minimize the siltation of irrigation channels by hydrologic design, the objective being not to create zones with falling sediment transport capacity, as that is conducive to sedimentation. Once sedimentation has occurred, in irrigation or navigation channels, dredging is often the
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While the effect of the siltation on the biota (once the harm is already done) can be studied by repeated inspection of selected test plots, the magnitude of the siltation process in the impact area may be measured directly by monitoring in real time. Parameters to measure are sediment accumulation,
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bottom communities since empirical data show that fish effectively avoid the impacted area. The siltation affects the bottom community in two main ways. The suspended sediment may interfere with the food gathering of filtering organisms, and the sediment accumulation on the bottom may bury organisms
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polyps. Generally speaking, hard bottom communities and mussel banks (including oysters) are more sensitive to siltation than sand and mud bottoms. Unlike in the sea, in a stream, the plume will cover the entire channel, except possibly for backwaters, and so fish will also be directly affected in
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During dredging, the spill can be minimized but not eliminated completely by the way the dredger is designed and operated. If the material is deposited on land, efficient sedimentation basins can be constructed. If it is dumped into relatively deep water, there will be a significant spill during
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One may distinguish between measurements at the source, during transport, and within the affected area. Source measurements of erosion may be very difficult since the lost material may be a fraction of a millimeter per year. Therefore, the approach taken is typically to measure the sediment in
60:", which can also refer to a chemical contamination of sediments accumulated on the bottom, or to pollutants bound to sediment particles. Although "siltation" is not perfectly stringent, since it also includes particle sizes other than silt, it is preferred for its lack of ambiguity.
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to the point that they starve or even die. It is only if the concentration is extreme that it decreases the light level sufficiently for impacting primary productivity. An accumulation of as little as 1 mm (0.039 in) may kill coral polyps.
49:. It refers both to the increased concentration of suspended sediments and to the increased accumulation (temporary or permanent) of fine sediments on bottoms where they are undesirable. Siltation is most often caused by
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In rural areas, the first line of defense is to maintain land cover and prevent soil erosion in the first place. The second line of defense is to trap the material before it reaches the stream network (known as
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219:, it acts as a pollutant for those who require clean water, such as for cooling or in industrial processes, and it includes aquatic life that are sensitive to suspended material in the water. While
463:"The International Journal of Climate Change: Impacts and Responses » Rate of Siltation in Wular Lake, (Jammu and Kashmir, India) with Special Emphasis on its Climate & Tectonics"
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Siltation can also affect navigation channels or irrigation channels. It refers to the undesired accumulation of sediments in channels intended for vessels or for distributing water.
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Anything beyond a work area buffer zone for sediment spill is considered the potential impact area. In the open sea, the impact of concern is almost exclusively with the
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Also, sediment spill is better measured in transport than at the source. The sediment transport in open water is estimated by measuring the
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dumping but not thereafter, and the spill that arises has minimal impact if there are only fine-sediment bottoms nearby.
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The origin of the increased sediment transport into an area may be erosion on land or activities in the water.
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10 lb/cu in) times 30 m/s (1,100 cu ft/s) gives 1.5 kg/s (200 lb/min).
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One of the most difficult conflicts of interest to resolve, as regards siltation mitigation, is perhaps
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Water pollution caused by particulate terrestrial clastic material
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In water, the main pollution source is sediment spill from
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Siltation
Monitoring Plan excerpt, retrieved 2010-07-11,
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It is sometimes referred to by the ambiguous term "
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135:In rural areas, the erosion source is typically
797:Stable isotope analysis in aquatic ecosystems
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175:Another important cause of siltation is the
41:material, with a particle size dominated by
862:Freshwater environmental quality parameters
340:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
143:, especially in fine-grained soils such as
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404:Learn how and when to remove this message
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120:Siltation caused by sewage sludge from
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484:http://lindorm.com/beaches/sedmon2.php
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338:adding citations to reliable sources
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1125:Oceanic physical-biological process
987:List of freshwater ecoregions (WWF)
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203:Silted river polluted by sediment.
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255:A sensor for measuring siltation
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191:facilities to bodies of water.
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172:also affects siltation rates.
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189:wastewater treatment
110:Calexico, California
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929:Trophic state index
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617:Aquatic respiration
164:beach replenishment
53:or sediment spill.
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1381:Intertidal ecology
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1191:Deep-sea community
1085:Iron fertilization
1008:Specific examples
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394:February 2019
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319:This section
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1466:Conservation
1317:Pelagic fish
1297:Coastal fish
1201:Marine fungi
939:Water garden
822:Water column
786:
767:Productivity
742:Pelagic zone
702:Macrobenthos
692:Hydrobiology
662:Ecohydrology
478:
467:. Retrieved
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332:Please help
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240:most cases.
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185:septic tanks
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141:soil erosion
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74:fecal sludge
57:
55:
51:soil erosion
27:
26:
1451:Sponge reef
1426:Rocky shore
1421:Oyster reef
1391:Kelp forest
1274:Vertebrates
1174:Marine life
1150:Viral shunt
1115:Marine snow
1017:Maharashtra
924:Stream pool
827:Zooplankton
747:Photic zone
707:Meiobenthos
560:Algal bloom
353:"Siltation"
296:bathymetric
36:terrestrial
1578:Categories
1431:Salt marsh
1366:Coral reef
1155:Whale fall
1135:Photophore
1012:Everglades
980:Ecoregions
919:Stream bed
892:Macrophyte
845:Freshwater
677:Food chain
590:Water bird
469:2009-11-16
448:References
364:newspapers
302:Mitigation
217:suspension
207:While the
179:and other
1589:Sediments
1456:Tide pool
1361:Cold seep
1145:Upwelling
909:Rheotaxis
902:Fish pond
877:Limnology
802:Substrate
787:Siltation
657:Dead zone
321:does not
298:surveys.
277:turbidity
266:discharge
213:transport
162:, or for
102:New River
28:Siltation
1563:Category
1489:HERMIONE
1406:Mangrove
1216:Seagrass
762:Pleuston
757:Plankton
737:Particle
682:Food web
209:sediment
152:dredging
122:shipyard
106:Mexicali
1416:Mudflat
1376:Estuary
1346:Bay mud
1324:Seabird
1080:f-ratio
1063:General
944:Wetland
732:Neuston
697:Hypoxia
642:Biomass
632:Benthos
548:General
378:scholar
342:removed
327:sources
284:sessile
257:in situ
233:benthic
177:septage
100:in the
78:Nairobi
39:clastic
1401:Lagoon
727:Nekton
585:Mammal
580:Insect
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221:nekton
215:is in
64:Causes
792:Spawn
385:JSTOR
371:books
237:coral
145:loess
82:Kenya
897:Pond
357:news
325:any
323:cite
96:and
47:clay
43:silt
959:Fen
949:Bog
336:by
211:in
187:or
124:in
108:to
45:or
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