42:
590:" politicians, and surrounded them menacingly. According to one account, a shooting ensued, probably after Hodorogea asked his aggressors to stop tearing out grapes and littering. Murafa was hit in the chest, and the attackers used their bayonets to kill Hodorogea, who was trying to offer him medical attention. Another eyewitness account states places notes that Murafa and Hodorogea were murdered at bayonet by "three well-armed Russian soldiers", after having made efforts to appease them.
357:
571:
605:. Halippa, who narrowly missed attending Hodorogea's picnic, calls this a time of "full-blown anarchy". Clark additionally notes that this killing of two "most conspicuous Moldavian leaders" was linked with the devastation of farms and businesses by peasants and Russian deserters, but also with a Bolshevik "campaign of terrorism". Murafa and Hodorogea's death occurred just days after Mateevici's death from
517:
units. At a
Committee meeting in April, Murafa noted: "Our Moldavians have always been first to engage in fighting for Russian revolutionary ideas. But now it has come to pass that we should be fighting for out very own Moldavian interests. For far too long have we been Russians, let's be
647:, a commemorative plaque was unveiled on the same spot. According to 2013 reports, a replica of the original monument was to be erected there, on the initiative of politician Dumitru Godoroja (one of Hodorogea's descendants). The project was halted when it met opposition from Moldova's
471:' with sparkling eyes", believed that Romanian-language books were the "seed" and "gospel" of a patriotic awakening; hence, he encouraged his subordinates to smuggle as many books as they could from Romania to Russia. Halippa describes him as "the liaison between us and Romania".
399:, a nationalist newspaper. In its opening manifesto, the newspaper depicted Bessarabia as engulfed by "the darkness of ignorance", taking over the intellectual mission of enlightening the Romanian-speaking masses; the first issue also featured Murafa's educational essay,
976:
597:
could intervene. The incident, retold in detail by
Cioflec (who was present but escaped unharmed), shocked Bessarabian intellectuals. Murafa was survived by his wife, Polina Murafa, and an infant daughter, Silvia.
632:, was erected in Chișinău. Bessarabian activists of that period introduced Murafa as the original "martyr of the nation". The term was notably used by Pelivan, and also on the monument's dedication.
620:
for a monument to be dedicated at Murafa's grave, a further 3,000 as aid for his widow, and a 900-ruble pension for his daughter. The issue was hotly debated between the PNM and the left-leaning
513:, but continued to agitate among the Romanian soldiers in Russian ranks. The Committee sent him back on the Romanian Front, where he championed the emancipation cause among Bessarabians from the
616:, which eventually united with Romania, Murafa was openly designated a hero to the cause of unionism. In May 1918, before its complete merger with Romania, the Republic set aside 5,000
1287:
625:
892:
624:, but passed with a slim majority of votes. In 1922, following Halippa's pleas, the Romanian authorities commissioned a statue to honor all three activists. As a result, the
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251:. From an early age, like his uncle, he closely identified with Bessarabia's ethnic Romanian community and its national emancipation ideals. According to
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252:
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643:: the monument was taken down and evicted to Romania; it is presumed lost. Following Bessarabia's 1991 emancipation as the independent state of
648:
562:". To Romanian nationalists such as Ghibu, this group appeared suspicious, but Murafa was considered a mere victim of Cătărău's machinations.
1277:
971:
Lucreția
Angheluță, Eva-Maria Marian, Tamara Teodorescu, Grigore Goanță, Liana Miclescu, Marilena Apostolescu, Marina Vazaca, Rodica Fochi,
255:, his friend and fellow activist, Murafa was "a fiery nationalist". An outstanding choir boy, young Murafa went to the Orthodox seminary in
170:
108:
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506:, the definitive end of Russification, and generally "a firm foundation for the civic and national liberties gained by the Revolution."
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director. His arrival followed a rift between the revolutionary mainstream of
Romanian nationalism in Bessarabia and Alexandri's vague
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The murders, it was later noted, were part of a violent backlash that marked a definitive split between
Bessarabian activists and the
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deputies. They remained in contact with
Pelivan, who was being kept under close surveillance by Russian authorities. In 1912, the
341:
intercepted
Pelivan's letter to Murafa, Mateevici and Ciugureanu, in which Pelivan advised them not to seek integration into the
298:, Murafa was sought after for his melodious voice, which he gave an aesthetic quality to the nationalist manifesto. He organized
467:, with whom he discussed the cause of Bessarabian Romanians. According to Sadoveanu's memoirs, Murafa, "that strong and lively '
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Together with
Mateevici, he was an official delegate to the Schoolteachers' Congresses, which introduced the
17:
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411:. Murafa made a mark of his leadership by publishing, for the first time ever, Mateevici's patriotic poem,
539:
to
Bessarabian schools. In April, attended the PNM's "Great National Assembly" of Bessarabian soldiers in
440:, commanding a Sanitary Detachment. In autumn 1916, when the Romanian Kingdom joined Russia and the other
198:, Murafa mainly used his position to advance Romanian nationalism. In early 1917, he helped establish the
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334:
314:, Murafa was one of the select few Besarabian intellectuals who could decently express themselves in the
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On August 20, 1917, Simeon G. Murafa was attending a picnic at the Chișinău vineyard owned by engineer
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1233:"Basarabia anului 1917 în memorialistica ardeleanului Romulus Cioflec (aprecieri și paralele în timp)"
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Viața cotidiană în orașul Chișinău la începutul secolului al XX-lea (1900–1918). Monografii Antim VIII
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Murafa's daughter Silvia (right) with
Mateevici's daughter Nina at a skating rink in Chișinău, 1932
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emancipation in Bessarabia and beyond. By 1914, he associated with the revolutionary core of the
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In March 1917, Murafa was again in Bessarabia, and in contact with the Romanian opinion-maker,
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in Russia, he used this position to agitate among the Bessarabian soldiers, supporting a
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325:(which they regarded as their mother country), and circulated Romanian-language books.
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169:, also known as a publicist and composer. A trained classical singer and a graduate of
403:("Who Are the Moldavians?"). From 1914, taking over from Alexandri, Murafa became the
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soldiers identified him as a political enemy. His legacy is honored in both
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Identitățile Chișinăului: Materialele conferinței, 12–13 septembrie 2011
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yeomen. He was the nephew of another nationalist activist, the
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The group established direct but clandestine links with the
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Bibliografia românească modernă (1831–1918). Vol. III: L-Q
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Ioan Pelivan: părinte al mișcării naționale din Basarabia
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Following the December 1917 establishment of a breakaway
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Moldavians for a change!" During those months, the local
463:, Murafa had an encounter with Romanian soldier-novelist
329:
men protested against Russification with letters sent to
773:, "Pan Halippa – un motor al identității naționale", in
490:. With Ghibu, he is mentioned among the founders of the
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Murafa's nationalist cause was enticed by the events of
318:, which was better preserved by the mass of the people.
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19th-century male opera singers from the Russian Empire
586:, stormed in. They identified the owner and guests as "
1086:"Monumentul celor trei martiri va renaște la Chișinău"
1166:, Editura Biblioteca Bucureștilor, Bucharest, 2011.
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around a platform supporting a "Free Russia" and a "
274:'s Romanian national club and library, mentioned in
1298:
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv alumni
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Cultura românească în Basarabia sub stăpânirea rusă
278:in or around 1908. In 1908 or 1909, Murafa, Madan,
267:(to 1910) and the University Law School (to 1912).
202:, helping to organize its cells in Bessarabia and
1204:, Nr. 12/1924, p. 517–536 (digitized by the
509:He joined Ghibu's Romanian National Committee in
173:, he was one of the leading activists supporting
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1181:Bessarabia: Russia and Roumania on the Black Sea
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366:in 1913. Clockwise, from bottom left: Murafa,
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678:, Editura Pontos, Chișinău, 2010, p.171-172.
444:, Murafa and his Detachment were sent on the
1162:Ion Constantin, Ion Negrei, Gheorghe Negru,
635:Murafa's legacy was again challenged by the
345:. Russia, Pelivan advised, was "the enemy".
50:, photograph by Dmitry Markov (June 8, 1907)
909:"Mihail Sadoveanu despre Basarabia la 1919"
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726:online edition; retrieved February 15, 2014
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302:, and put to music the patriotic poetry of
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1116:"Sfatul Țării și problema limbii române"
810:"Un memorialist necunoscut: Ovidiu Țopa"
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783:, Editura Pontos, Chișinău, 2012, p.82.
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385:In May 1913, sponsored by the landowner
355:
239:, Simeon G. Murafa was from a family of
161:; May 24, 1887 – August 20, 1917) was a
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14:
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181:, which he represented as director of
171:Saint Vladimir (Shevchenko) University
109:Saint Vladimir (Shevchenko) University
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1278:National Moldavian Party politicians
1055:"Ce are PCRM cu Murafa și Hodorogea"
977:Editura științifică și enciclopedică
306:. As noted by the nationalist doyen
270:Murafa was originally involved with
1219:"Un ostaș al Unirii. Sberea Chiril"
626:Murafa—Mateevici—Hodorogea Monument
226:
24:
25:
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1283:Essayists from the Russian Empire
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1198:"Cum s'a făcut unirea Basarabiei"
1318:People of the Russian Revolution
593:Both were dead before the local
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1308:Imperial Russian Army personnel
1268:People from Șoldănești District
1225:, Nr. 1-2/2008, p. 118–133
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504:Moldavian Legislative Assembly
118:Activist, composer, journalist
13:
1:
1209:Transsylvanica Online Library
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641:1940 occupation of Bessarabia
628:, a stone-and-bronze work by
614:Moldavian Democratic Republic
494:(PNM). As noted by historian
179:Romanian nationalist movement
889:Oameni cari au fost, Vol. II
863:Ciobanu, p.312; Moțoc, p.119
543:, and, in June, greeted the
221:
7:
1239:, Nr. 1/2009, p. 32–35
580:Andrei Constantin Hodorogea
10:
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1273:People from Soroksky Uyezd
1018:"Enigma Ilie Cătărău (II)"
979:, Bucharest, 1989, p.507.
935:Clark, p.133; Moțoc, p.120
893:Editura Fundațiilor Regale
747:Constantin et al., p.70-71
454:Bessarabian-Romanian union
151:Simeon Gheorghevici Murafa
34:Simeon Gheorghevici Murafa
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482:. Another Transylvanian,
448:. Particularly after the
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32:
1293:Kyiv Conservatory alumni
1140:Constantin et al., p.186
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549:Chișinău Railway Station
545:Romanian Volunteer Corps
492:Moldavian National Party
486:, joined him in editing
200:Moldavian National Party
127:Moldavian National Party
1237:Biblioteca Bucureștilor
1223:Confluențe Bibliologice
1206:Babeș-Bolyai University
836:Constantin et al., p.78
718:"În unire e tăria (II)"
478:, who had escaped from
1185:Dodd, Mead and Company
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237:Bessarabia Governorate
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1131:Clark, p.129-130, 143
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352:and World War service
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588:counterrevolutionary
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27:Russian opera singer
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1177:Charles Upson Clark
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649:Party of Communists
630:Vasile Ionescu-Varo
515:Turkestan Volunteer
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496:Charles Upson Clark
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316:Romanian vernacular
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405:Cuvânt Moldovenesc
401:Cine-s moldovenii?
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393:and Murafa set up
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363:Cuvânt Moldovenesc
350:Cuvânt Moldovenesc
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190:An officer of the
184:Cuvânt Moldovenesc
165:politician in the
1172:978-606-8337-04-3
1063:, October 3, 2013
926:Vieru-Ișaev, p.32
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738:Vieru-Ișaev, p.35
684:978-9975-51-199-5
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249:Andrei Murafa
246:
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234:
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209:
208:revolutionary
205:
201:
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172:
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159:Semion Murafa
156:
152:
144:Silvia Murafa
143:
139:
136:Polina Murafa
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
117:
115:Occupation(s)
113:
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107:
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100:
97:
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89:
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71:
58:
54:
49:
43:
38:
31:
19:
18:Simion Murafa
1236:
1222:
1217:Radu Moțoc,
1202:Transilvania
1201:
1180:
1163:
1156:
1136:
1127:
1120:Transilvania
1119:
1089:
1058:
1053:Ilie Gulca,
1021:
1009:
1000:
995:Moțoc, p.120
991:
972:
967:
962:Ghibu, p.525
958:
953:Ghibu, p.526
949:
944:Clark, p.132
940:
931:
922:
912:
900:
888:
872:Moțoc, p.119
868:
859:
850:
841:
832:
823:
813:
779:
743:
721:
674:
672:Lucia Sava,
637:Soviet Union
634:
611:
600:
592:
577:
556:Ilie Cătărău
534:
529:
519:
508:
487:
480:Transylvania
473:
458:
423:
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384:
361:
349:
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320:
295:
291:
287:
286:established
269:
231:A native of
230:
189:
182:
158:
154:
150:
149:
82:(1917-08-20)
66:May 24, 1887
1263:1917 deaths
1258:1887 births
1112:Ion Țurcanu
528:, Murafa's
426:World War I
368:Pan Halippa
327:Deșteptarea
308:Pan Halippa
296:Deșteptarea
288:Deșteptarea
272:Ion Pelivan
196:World War I
187:newspaper.
163:Bessarabian
95:Nationality
1252:Categories
1147:References
1023:Contrafort
914:Contrafort
584:Bolsheviks
409:Tolstoyism
333:and other
292:Pământenia
62:1887-05-24
46:Murafa in
595:Militsiya
553:anarchist
500:home rule
461:Fălticeni
339:Gendarmes
241:Moldavian
222:Biography
603:far left
511:Chișinău
436:and the
419:baritone
141:Children
88:Chișinău
645:Moldova
521:Zemstvo
502:with a
247:priest
216:Moldova
212:Romania
194:during
1170:
1091:Timpul
983:
787:
682:
618:rubles
607:typhus
566:Murder
541:Odessa
469:Moskal
257:Edineț
204:Odessa
155:Simion
133:Spouse
1235:, in
1221:, in
1200:, in
1118:, in
1088:, in
1057:, in
1020:, in
911:, in
812:, in
720:, in
655:Notes
430:Major
276:Bălți
1168:ISBN
981:ISBN
785:ISBN
680:ISBN
282:and
261:Kyiv
214:and
77:Died
56:Born
48:Kyiv
639:'s
547:at
459:At
157:or
1254::
1196:,
1183:,
1179:,
1155:,
1114:,
1099:^
1068:^
1031:^
975:,
891:,
887:,
877:^
808:,
795:^
752:^
731:^
690:^
662:^
651:.
532:.
456:.
421:.
389:,
378:,
374:,
370:,
218:.
1211:)
64:)
60:(
20:)
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