209:(Now known as Myanmar), which was included in the terms of reference of the Simon Commission, there was strong suspicion either that Burma's unpopular union with India would continue, or that the constitution recommended for Burma by the commission would be less generous than that chosen for India; these suspicions resulted in tension and violence in Burma leading to the rebellion of
121:, and hence feared that the commission would be filled by its members and sympathizers. Hence, the commission was appointed ahead of time, and seven MPs were selected to constitute the promised commission to examine the state of Indian constitutional affairs. He also ensured that there were no Indians in the commission, as he believed the Labour MPs and Indian members would join. The
261:
The
Commission published its 2-volume report in May 1930. The commission proposed to abolish the diarchy, an extension to autonomy of provinces by establishing representative government in provinces. However it allowed the British governors of provinces to retain much of their emergency powers, hence
319:
Clement Attlee was deeply moved by his experience on the commission and endorsed the final report. However, by 1933 he argued that
British rule was alien to India and was unable to make the social and economic reforms necessary for India's progress. He became the British leader most sympathetic to
252:
in
February 1928. The protesters blocked the road in order to prevent the commission members from leaving the railway station. In order to make way for the commission, the local police led by Superintendent James Scott began beating protesters. Lala Lajpat Rai was critically injured and died on 17
228:
on 3 February 1928, its members were confronted by throngs of protesters, although there were also some supporters among the crowds who saw it as the next step on the road to self-governance. A strike began and many people turned out to greet the commission with black flags on which was written
262:
in practice very little autonomy was to be given to the provinces. Most notably the commission's report did not mention dominion status at all. The commission also recommended to retain separate electorates as long as inter-communal tensions between Hindus and
Muslims remained.
166:
wanted to publicize the meetings of the commission with "representative
Moslems" in order to "terrify the immense Hindu population by apprehension that the Commission is being got hold of by the Moslems and may present a report altogether destructive of the Hindu population."
106:. Indian opinion clamored for revision of this form of government, and the Government of India Act 1919 stated that a commission would be appointed after ten years to investigate the progress of the government scheme and suggest new steps for reform. The
33:. The commission arrived in the Indian subcontinent in 1928 to study constitutional reform in British India. One of its members was Clement Attlee, who would later become the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1945 - 1951).
312:, which called for a "responsible" government at the provincial level in India but not at the national level—that is a government responsible to the Indian community rather than London. It is the basis of many parts of the
436:
305:
in London regarding this. Although this remained controversial among many conservatives in London, in reality there was no change in
British policy as the promise was very vague and far in the future.
278:
to counter its charges that
Indians could not find a constitutional consensus among themselves. This report advocated that India be given dominion status with complete internal self-government.
128:
too supported the decision to exclude
Indians as he too thought they would vote together with the Labour MPs but also because he thought the Indian representatives would fight each other.
49:
had declared that a commission would be sent to India after ten years to examine the effects and operations of the constitutional reforms and to suggest further reforms.
131:
Some people in India were outraged and insulted that the Simon
Commission, which was to determine the future of India, did not include a single Indian member. The
981:
2290:
404:
2280:
52:
In
November 1927, the British government appointed the Simon Commission two years ahead of schedule. The commission was strongly opposed by the
1231:
792:
708:
533:
2295:
480:"Dr. Ambedkar and Simon Commission – Evidence of Dr. Ambedkar before the Indian Statutory Commission - Velivada - Educate, Agitate, Organize"
178:. An All-India Committee for Cooperation with the Simon Commission was established by the Council of India and by selection of the Viceroy,
2265:
2275:
1489:
974:
320:
Indian independence (as a dominion), preparing him for his role in deciding on Indian independence as British Prime Minister in 1947.
2310:
394:
316:. In 1937 the first elections were held in the Provinces, resulting in Congress Governments being returned in almost all Provinces.
2315:
1293:
333:
2335:
1494:
1433:
357:
2422:
2285:
2238:
347:
2412:
1540:
967:
918:
768:
733:
684:
627:
509:
366:
998:
91:. He suffered a brutal police beating during the protest and died of his injuries eighteen days later on 17 November 1928.
2366:
1011:
380:
163:
144:
110:
216:
The commission found that the education was being denied to the untouchables who were ill-treated in the name of caste.
390:
170:
However opinion was divided, with support for co-operation coming from some members of the Muslim League and also both
934:
2260:
2255:
904:
873:
817:
654:
463:
2270:
1183:
290:
125:
286:
in response to the Nehru Report. The Fourteen Points consisted of Muslim's minimum demands from the British Rule.
1423:
1413:
1378:
302:
2386:
329:
294:
42:
30:
289:
By the time it was published the commission was already overshadowed by a declaration by the Viceroy of India
2356:
2325:
479:
2376:
2032:
1383:
990:
550:
Nair, Neeti (May 2009). "Bhagat Singh as 'Satyagrahi': The Limits to Non-violence in Late Colonial India".
309:
195:
148:
107:
95:
2222:
1609:
1258:
362:
1418:
240:
One protest against the Simon Commission became infamous. On 30 October 1928, the Commission arrived at
1957:
1509:
1226:
1221:
1932:
1629:
1504:
1343:
1283:
283:
833:
Howard, Brasted; Bridge, Carl (1988). "The British Labour Party and Indian Nationalism, 1907-1947".
2217:
2192:
1729:
1428:
1408:
1268:
1128:
1086:
132:
57:
1937:
1907:
1644:
1624:
1459:
1368:
1091:
1081:
1071:
1061:
865:
398:
370:
244:
where it was met by protesters waving black flags. The protest was led by the Indian nationalist
152:
114:
53:
2427:
2417:
2162:
2072:
2067:
1308:
1247:
1139:
1066:
1056:
249:
77:
613:
2361:
2300:
2127:
1912:
1857:
1689:
1649:
1454:
1373:
1318:
1303:
1253:
1241:
1118:
894:
807:
949:
151:, to draft a constitution that would be acceptable to the Indian populace. A faction of the
2212:
2167:
2102:
2047:
1992:
1877:
1782:
1739:
1694:
1614:
1514:
1358:
1263:
1113:
237:. Similar protests occurred in every major Indian city that the seven British MPs visited.
230:
224:
The Simon Commission left England in January 1928. Almost immediately with Its arrival in
8:
2197:
2142:
2027:
2022:
1917:
1897:
1822:
1619:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1564:
1403:
313:
279:
175:
156:
72:, because it contained only British members and no Indians. However, it was supported by
69:
2381:
2227:
2147:
2077:
2062:
1972:
1962:
1872:
1862:
1847:
1832:
1812:
1787:
1659:
1604:
1328:
1298:
1193:
1173:
1123:
1021:
929:
786:
702:
575:
567:
527:
337:
73:
46:
29:, was a group of seven members of the British Parliament under the chairmanship of Sir
2371:
2202:
2187:
2087:
1982:
1942:
1867:
1772:
1744:
1704:
1529:
1313:
1273:
1236:
1198:
1178:
1168:
1051:
1041:
900:
869:
813:
774:
764:
739:
729:
690:
680:
650:
623:
579:
515:
505:
459:
384:
351:
118:
2391:
2305:
2182:
2152:
2132:
2107:
2097:
2037:
1947:
1892:
1887:
1777:
1699:
1524:
1479:
1464:
1388:
1363:
1096:
1036:
842:
559:
376:
297:) as the British government's final policy goal always being India's attainment of
293:
on 31 October 1929 which reinterpreted the 1917 declaration (which had led to the
248:, who had moved a resolution against the Commission in the Legislative Assembly of
183:
122:
61:
954:
2340:
2330:
2232:
2137:
2082:
1997:
1977:
1797:
1767:
1762:
1719:
1709:
1674:
1669:
1634:
1559:
1484:
1323:
1046:
644:
598:
416:
245:
191:
171:
84:
2172:
2122:
2112:
2092:
2057:
2017:
2002:
1724:
1654:
1639:
1579:
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1398:
1288:
1158:
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1108:
1006:
959:
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343:
65:
846:
743:
694:
636:
563:
2406:
2117:
2042:
2007:
1967:
1882:
1852:
1842:
1827:
1714:
1684:
1664:
1393:
778:
619:
519:
271:
103:
2320:
2207:
1837:
1802:
1792:
1734:
1534:
1438:
1348:
1338:
1103:
1031:
1016:
723:
674:
275:
187:
758:
499:
1927:
1807:
1499:
1278:
1026:
199:
571:
2177:
1952:
1902:
1817:
1469:
1353:
1188:
179:
99:
41:
The commission was constituted because at the time of introducing the
2157:
2052:
2012:
1987:
1922:
1584:
1574:
1474:
455:
117:
government was facing imminent electoral defeat at the hands of the
1519:
1163:
760:
Keeping the jewel in the crown : the British betrayal of India
501:
Keeping the jewel in the crown : the British betrayal of India
298:
210:
1679:
642:
140:
1203:
241:
225:
136:
88:
234:
206:
862:
Escape from Empire: Attlee Government and the Indian Problem
190:, Nawab Ali Khan, Shivdev Singh Uberoi, Zulfiqar Ali Khan,
676:
Jinnah : his successes, failures and role in history
253:
November 1928 due to the head injuries he had sustained.
16:
Report on possible constitutional reform in British India
219:
899:. Routledge reprint of 1930 first edition. p. 11.
282:
declared the report as "Hindu Document" and presented
270:
In September 1928, ahead of the commission's release,
143:), resolved to boycott the Commission and challenged
928:(1936) covers Raj 1910-35 pp 80–84, 282–91, 455-64
725:
Jinnah: his successes, failures and role in history
405:
Donald Howard, 3rd Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal
233:led the demonstrations against Simon Commission in
915:Retrospect: The sex of the Rt. Hon. Viscount Simon
728:. Penguin Random House India. pp. Chapter 6.
649:. Nehru Memorial Museum and Library. p. 120.
2404:
989:
975:
892:
162:In face of the opposition from the Congress,
832:
323:
308:The outcome of the Simon Commission was the
1490:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
982:
968:
835:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
791:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
707:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
643:Nehru Memorial Museum and Library (2003).
532:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
159:, also decided to boycott the commission.
60:, and prominent Indian leaders including
87:led a protest against the commission in
449:
358:Harry Levy-Lawson, 1st Viscount Burnham
2405:
545:
543:
963:
859:
805:
721:
672:
611:
220:Protests and death of Lala Lajpat Rai
182:. The members of the committee were:
955:Simon Commission Report Volumes 1-17
756:
668:
666:
549:
497:
493:
491:
489:
437:"Simon Report | Making Britain"
950:Story of Pakistan: Simon Commission
540:
13:
886:
763:. Edinburgh. pp. Chapter 13.
504:. Edinburgh. pp. Chapter 11.
256:
135:, at its December 1927 meeting in
14:
2439:
943:
663:
646:NMML Manuscripts: An Introduction
486:
1184:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
812:. PHI Learning. pp. 20–21.
1424:Provisional Government of India
853:
826:
799:
750:
715:
679:. Gurgaon. pp. Chapter 5.
450:Andrews, Charles Freer (1930).
198:, Kikabhai Premchand and Prof.
809:Indian Government and Politics
605:
586:
472:
443:
429:
1:
2423:Commissions in Colonial India
422:
301:status. He also called for a
98:had introduced the system of
83:Prominent Indian nationalist
36:
2413:Indian independence movement
2033:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari
1309:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922
991:Indian independence movement
310:Government of India Act 1935
265:
196:Abdullah Al-Mamun Suhrawardy
149:Secretary of State for India
108:Secretary of State for India
96:Government of India Act 1919
7:
2223:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
1610:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
926:The Reign of King George V,
860:Moore, Robin James (1983).
410:
102:to govern the provinces of
23:Indian Statutory Commission
10:
2444:
1958:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
1510:Indian Independence League
1227:Partition of Bengal (1947)
1222:Partition of Bengal (1905)
896:India and the Simon Report
452:India and the Simon Report
295:Mortagu-Chelmsford reforms
80:and Chaudhary Chhotu Ram.
43:Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
2349:
2248:
2133:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
1933:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi
1753:
1630:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
1550:
1505:Indian Home Rule movement
1447:
1344:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
1284:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
1212:
1149:
997:
847:10.1080/00856408808723113
564:10.1017/s0026749x08003491
324:Members of the Commission
284:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
2372:Indian annexation of Goa
2218:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
1730:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
1495:Indian National Congress
1294:Non-cooperation movement
913:Simon, John Allsebrook.
615:The Rediscovery of India
133:Indian National Congress
58:Indian National Congress
2377:Indian Independence Act
1963:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
1938:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
1908:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao
1645:Kandukuri Veeresalingam
1625:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
1460:All-India Muslim League
1414:Royal Air Force strikes
1379:Round table conferences
1369:Chittagong armoury raid
1259:Hindu–German Conspiracy
1242:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy
1012:Porto Grande de Bengala
866:Oxford University Press
722:Ahmed, Ishtiaq (2020).
673:Ahmed, Ishtiaq (2020).
612:Desai, Meghnad (2011).
113:feared that the ruling
2163:Syama Prasad Mukherjee
2068:Purushottam Das Tandon
1434:Praja Mandala movement
1248:The Indian Sociologist
893:Andrews, C.F. (2017).
303:round-table conference
78:Periyar E. V. Ramasamy
2387:Political integration
2128:Shyamji Krishna Varma
1913:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
1858:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
1690:Rettamalai Srinivasan
1650:Mahadev Govind Ranade
1455:All India Kisan Sabha
1419:Coup d'Ă©tat of Yanaon
1319:Qissa Khwani massacre
1304:Coolie-Begar movement
1119:Second Anglo-Sikh War
757:Reid, Walter (2016).
498:Reid, Walter (2016).
2213:Veeran Sundaralingam
2168:Tara Rani Srivastava
2103:Sahajanand Saraswati
1993:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi
1878:Chandra Shekhar Azad
1783:Alluri Sitarama Raju
1740:Vitthal Ramji Shinde
1695:Sahajanand Saraswati
1615:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
1515:Indian National Army
1359:Dharasana Satyagraha
1264:Champaran Satyagraha
1114:First Anglo-Sikh War
552:Modern Asian Studies
231:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi
25:, also known as the
2198:V. K. Krishna Menon
2143:Subhas Chandra Bose
2028:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
2023:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
1918:Govind Ballabh Pant
1898:Dayananda Saraswati
1823:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1620:Gopal Hari Deshmukh
1600:Dhondo Keshav Karve
1595:Dayananda Saraswati
1590:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1565:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer
1078:Anglo-Maratha Wars
806:Ghosh, Peu (2012).
482:. 3 September 2019.
314:Indian Constitution
176:Central Sikh League
174:and members of the
157:Mohammed Ali Jinnah
2382:Partition of India
2228:Yashwantrao Holkar
2193:V. O. Chidamabaram
2148:Subramania Bharati
2078:Rahul Sankrityayan
2063:Pritilata Waddedar
1973:Shri Krishna Singh
1873:C. Rajagopalachari
1863:Bidhan Chandra Roy
1848:Bhavabhushan Mitra
1833:Begum Hazrat Mahal
1788:Annapurna Maharana
1660:Muthulakshmi Reddy
1605:G. Subramania Iyer
1299:Christmas Day Plot
1174:Indian nationalism
1124:Sannyasi rebellion
1022:East India Company
936:The New York Times
74:Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
47:British Government
2400:
2399:
2367:Republic of India
2203:Vallabhbhai Patel
2188:Ubaidullah Sindhi
2088:Ram Prasad Bismil
1983:M. Bhaktavatsalam
1943:Jatindra Nath Das
1868:Bipin Chandra Pal
1803:Babu Kunwar Singh
1773:Achyut Patwardhan
1530:Khudai Khidmatgar
1374:Gandhi–Irwin Pact
1314:Kakori conspiracy
1274:Rowlatt Committee
1237:Direct Action Day
1199:Swadeshi movement
1179:Khilafat Movement
1169:Hindu nationalism
1129:Rebellion of 1857
1052:Anglo-Mysore Wars
1042:Battle of Plassey
770:978-0-85790-900-8
735:978-0-670-09052-5
686:978-0-670-09052-5
629:978-8-18475-566-4
511:978-0-85790-900-8
229:'Simon Go Back'.
2435:
2392:Simla Conference
2183:Tiruppur Kumaran
2153:Subramaniya Siva
2108:Sangolli Rayanna
2098:Rash Behari Bose
2038:Nagnath Naikwadi
1948:Jawaharlal Nehru
1893:Dadabhai Naoroji
1888:Chittaranjan Das
1778:A. K. Fazlul Huq
1700:Savitribai Phule
1525:Khaksar movement
1480:Berlin Committee
1465:Anushilan Samiti
1429:Independence Day
1389:Aundh Experiment
1364:Vedaranyam March
1269:Kheda Satyagraha
1254:Singapore Mutiny
1037:Portuguese India
984:
977:
970:
961:
960:
924:Somervell, D.C.
910:
880:
879:
857:
851:
850:
830:
824:
823:
803:
797:
796:
790:
782:
754:
748:
747:
719:
713:
712:
706:
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670:
661:
660:
640:
634:
633:
609:
603:
590:
584:
583:
547:
538:
537:
531:
523:
495:
484:
483:
476:
470:
469:
447:
441:
440:
433:
377:Vernon Hartshorn
184:C. Sankaran Nair
123:Viceroy of India
27:Simon Commission
2443:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2357:Cabinet Mission
2345:
2249:British leaders
2244:
2233:Yogendra Shukla
2138:Siraj ud-Daulah
2093:Rani Lakshmibai
2083:Rajendra Prasad
2073:R. Venkataraman
2018:Mithuben Petit‎
1998:Mahadaji Shinde
1978:Lala Lajpat Rai
1813:Bahadur Shah II
1798:Ashfaqulla Khan
1768:Accamma Cherian
1763:Abul Kalam Azad
1755:
1749:
1720:Syed Ahmad Khan
1710:Sister Nivedita
1675:Pandita Ramabai
1670:Niralamba Swami
1635:J. B. Kripalani
1560:Ashfaqulla Khan
1552:
1546:
1485:Ghadar Movement
1443:
1324:Flag Satyagraha
1232:Revolutionaries
1214:
1208:
1151:
1145:
1047:Battle of Buxar
993:
988:
946:
907:
889:
887:Further reading
884:
883:
876:
858:
854:
831:
827:
820:
804:
800:
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783:
771:
755:
751:
736:
720:
716:
700:
699:
687:
671:
664:
657:
641:
637:
630:
622:. p. 210.
610:
606:
602:(London, 1938).
599:Trials in Burma
591:
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541:
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524:
512:
496:
487:
478:
477:
473:
466:
448:
444:
435:
434:
430:
425:
417:Delhi Statement
413:
391:George Lane-Fox
326:
268:
259:
257:Recommendations
246:Lala Lajpat Rai
222:
192:Hari Singh Gour
172:Hindu Mahasabha
145:Lord Birkenhead
85:Lala Lajpat Rai
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
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2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2173:Tarak Nath Das
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2123:Shuja-ud-Daula
2120:
2115:
2113:Sarojini Naidu
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2058:Prafulla Chaki
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2003:Mahatma Gandhi
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
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1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
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1870:
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1860:
1855:
1850:
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1838:Bhagat Singh
1793:Annie Besant
1754:Independence
1735:Vinoba Bhave
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1535:Swaraj Party
1439:Lucknow Pact
1349:Purna Swaraj
1339:Nehru Report
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1150:Philosophies
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1032:French India
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1007:Colonisation
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188:Arthur Froom
186:(chairman),
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115:Conservative
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1928:Hemu Kalani
1808:Bagha Jatin
1745:Vivekananda
1500:India House
1384:Act of 1935
1159:Ambedkarism
1027:British Raj
930:online free
340:, chairman)
334:Spen Valley
200:M. C. Rajah
2407:Categories
2336:Linlithgow
2276:Chelmsford
2266:Cornwallis
2178:Tatya Tope
2048:Nana Saheb
1953:K. Kamaraj
1903:Dhan Singh
1818:Bakht Khan
1470:Arya Samaj
1404:Quit India
1354:Salt March
1213:Events and
1189:Satyagraha
921:pp 144–61.
864:. Oxford:
744:1257031805
695:1257031805
454:. London:
423:References
291:Lord Irwin
180:Lord Irwin
126:Lord Irwin
37:Background
31:John Simon
2311:Wellesley
2296:Dalhousie
2158:Surya Sen
2053:P. Kakkan
2013:Mir Qasim
1988:M. N. Roy
1923:Har Dayal
1756:activists
1585:Baba Amte
1575:Ayyankali
1553:reformers
1475:Azad Hind
1215:movements
1194:Socialism
787:cite book
779:949753978
703:cite book
592:See e.g.
580:143725577
528:cite book
520:949753978
456:Routledge
393:, MP for
379:, MP for
365:, MP for
348:Limehouse
346:, MP for
332:, MP for
266:Aftermath
164:F.E Smith
155:, led by
111:F.E Smith
2341:Hastings
2301:Bentinck
1520:Jugantar
1164:Gandhism
572:20488099
411:See also
367:Finchley
299:dominion
211:Saya San
56:and the
2261:Canning
1680:Periyar
1329:Bardoli
1097:Gwalior
999:History
917:(1952)
338:Liberal
141:Chennai
100:diarchy
2331:Cripps
2326:Outram
2316:Lytton
2281:Curzon
2256:Wavell
1551:Social
1204:Swaraj
1087:Second
1072:Fourth
1062:Second
919:online
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385:Labour
381:Ogmore
352:Labour
280:Jinnah
250:Punjab
242:Lahore
226:Bombay
147:, the
137:Madras
89:Lahore
70:Jinnah
68:, and
66:Gandhi
2321:Clive
2291:Minto
2286:Ripon
2271:Irwin
1705:Shahu
1092:Third
1082:First
1067:Third
1057:First
576:S2CID
568:JSTOR
235:Patna
207:Burma
139:(now
62:Nehru
2239:more
1541:more
1140:more
901:ISBN
870:ISBN
814:ISBN
793:link
775:OCLC
765:ISBN
740:OCLC
730:ISBN
709:link
691:OCLC
681:ISBN
651:ISBN
624:ISBN
534:link
516:OCLC
506:ISBN
460:ISBN
94:The
21:The
843:doi
560:doi
205:In
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