Sino-Albanian split

593:, which declared that the world was divided into "first" (the United States and the Soviet Union), "second" (France, Great Britain, West Germany, Japan, etc.), and "third" (the various countries of Africa, Latin America and Asia) worlds, of which China was declared to be in the third. Writing on such matters, Hoxha declared that, "When China took its pro-American and anti-Soviet stance, this policy was manifested in all its relations with the foreign world. Imperialist America, the fascists Pinochet and Franco, Tito and Ceausescu, renegades and adventurers, German revanchists and Italian fascists are its friends. For China ideology has no importance... The Chinese imagine (there is no other way their actions can be interpreted) that the whole world thinks and is convinced that China is red and revolutionary. This policy which China is pursuing has a 'revolutionary' aim: to unite the 'third world', the 'second world' and American imperialism against the Soviet social-imperialists. And from their actions it turns out that in order to achieve this 'ideal' they must not take much account of principles. 'We now defend the United States of America,' the Chinese justify themselves, 'because it is weaker than the Soviet Union, but with this we must also deepen the contradictions between the Soviet Union and the United States of America'. ... Having deviated from a principled Marxist-Leninist class policy, China, naturally, must base itself on the political conjunctures, on the manoeuvres and intrigues of reactionary governments." 426:

according to Chou En-lai, took place in their time) of having seized Chinese, Japanese, Polish, German, Czech, Rumanian, Finnish, and other territories. On the other hand, Chou En-lai tells the Rumanians that they are doing well to claim the territories which the Soviet Union has seized from them. These are not Marxist-Leninist, but national-chauvinist positions. Regardless of whether or not mistakes may have been made, to raise these things now, when we are faced, first of all, with the ideological struggle against modern revisionism, means not to fight Khrushchev, but on the contrary to assist him on his chauvinist course." In September that year the Central Committee of the Party of Labour of Albania sent a letter to the CC of the CCP on the Sino-Soviet border dispute, stating that, "Under the pressure of Khrushchev's revisionist propaganda, under the influence of Khrushchev's slanders and calumnies, and for many other reasons, the masses of the Soviet people will not understand why People's China is now putting forth territorial claims to the Soviet Union, they will not accept this, and Soviet propaganda is working to make them revolt against you. But we think that even true Soviet communists will not understand it, nor will they accept it. This would be a colossal loss for our struggle." The CC of the CCP did not reply.

751:"After the death of Stalin, the Chinese, with Mao Zedong at the head, thought that their time had come ... they wanted to gain as much as they could from Soviet economic aid, in order to become a great power, indeed, an atomic power. But these projects could not be carried out smoothly. If Mao Zedong had his hegemonistic ambitions, Khrushchev and his associates had their expansionist plans, too. ... While making most of what benefit they could get from the Chinese, at the same time Khrushchev and his associates began to be 'cautious' and 'restrained' in their support and aid for them. They did not want China to grow strong, economically or militarily. ... The policy of rapprochement with American imperialism, which Khrushchev was pursuing, likewise, was incompatible with the interests of the Chinese, because that would leave China out of the game of great powers. In this situation, seeing that Khrushchev's line had caused concern in the communist movement, the Communist Party of China seized the opportunity ... seized the 'banner' of defence of the principles of Marxism–Leninism. ... Undoubtedly, not to compel Khrushchev to abandon his course of betrayal of Marxism-Leninism, but to have him accept the hegemony of China and join it in its plans." 541:"regardless of the result of the talks, the very fact that Nixon, who is known as a rabid anti-communist, as an aggressor and murderer of peoples, as the representative of the blackest of American reaction, is to be received in China, has many minuses and will bring many negative consequences to the revolutionary movement and our cause. There is no way in which Nixon's visit to China and the talks with him can fail to create harmful illusions about American imperialism. ... It will exert a negative influence on the resistance and struggle of the American people themselves against the policy and aggressive activity of the government of Nixon, who will seize the opportunity to run for President again. ... It is not hard to guess what the Italian workers who clashed with the police and demonstrated their repugnance to Nixon's recent visit to Italy, the Japanese workers who did not allow Eisenhower even to set foot on their territory, and the peoples of Latin America who protested and rose against the Rockefellers and all the other envoys of the Washington government, will think. Only the Yugoslav Titoites and the Rumanian revisionists welcomed President Nixon to their capitals with flowers." 637:, both of which were looked upon favorably by China in its anti-Soviet strategy. "Loyal to the interests of the revolution, socialism, and the peoples," Hoxha said, "our Party will support the proletariat and the peoples who are against the two superpowers and for their destruction, against the capitalist and revisionist bourgeoisie and for its overthrow." In December the Albanians were given a Chinese note criticizing Hoxha's report to the Congress, with Hoxha deciding to have the CC of the Party of Labour give an official reply, stressing in it that "the PLA is an independent Marxist-Leninist party which formulates its own line itself, from the viewpoint of the Marxist-Leninist theory, on the basis of realistic analyses of the internal and external situation... it accepts criticism by sister Marxist-Leninist parties, and it will discuss many problems with them, and vice-versa, the PLA also has the same right towards other sister parties." Hoxha also had the reply mention that various letters sent to the CC of the CCP by its Albanian counterpart never received replies, such as the letter on Nixon's decision to visit China. The new Albanian letter did not receive a reply. 678:"The Marxist-Leninists do not confuse the fervent liberation, revolutionary and socialist aspirations and desires of the peoples and the proletariat of the countries of the so-called 'third world' with the aims and policy of the oppressive compradore bourgeoisie of those countries ... to speak in general terms about the so-called 'third world' as the main force of the struggle against imperialism ... means a flagrant departure from the teachings of Marxism-Leninism and to preach typically opportunist views ... according to the theory of the 'three worlds', the peoples of those countries must not fight, for instance, against the bloody fascist dictatorships of Geisel in Brazil and Pinochet in Chile, Suharto in Indonesia, the Shah of Iran or the King of Jordan, etc., because they, allegedly, are part of the 'revolutionary motive force which is driving the wheel of world history forward'. On the contrary, according to this theory, the peoples and revolutionaries ought to unite with the reactionary forces and regimes of the 'third world' and support them, in other words, give up the revolution... 714:"a reactionary act from great power positions, an act which is a repetition, in content and form, of the savage and chauvinist methods of Tito, Khrushchev and Brezhnev which China, also, once condemned. The Central Committee of the Party of Labour of Albania and the Albanian Government reject the attempts made in the Chinese note to blame Albania, to groundlessly accuse the Albanian leadership of allegedly being ungrateful for China's aid and of allegedly having tried to sabotage the economic and military cooperation between the two countries. To any normal person it is unbelievable and preposterous that Albania, a small country, which is fighting against the imperialist-revisionist encirclement and blockade and which has set to large-scale and all-round work for the rapid economic and cultural development of its country, which is working tirelessly for the strengthening of the defence capacity of its socialist Homeland, should cause and seek cessation of economic cooperation with China, refuse its civil and military loans and aid." 457:. The Communist Party of China and its Central Committee have not given our Party and its Central Committee any special comradely information. We think that as a party so closely linked with ours, it ought to have kept us better informed in an internationalist way, especially during these recent months." Hoxha analyzed the events in China in an overall negative fashion, criticizing among other things the fact that the CCP had not held a congress in ten years and that four years had gone by without a plenum of the CC being called, a practice which "cannot be found in any Marxist-Leninist party." Hoxha said that "the cult of Mao was raised to the skies in a sickening and artificial manner" and further added that, in reading of its purported objectives, "you have the impression that everything old in Chinese and world culture should be rejected without discrimination and a new culture, the culture they call proletarian, should be created." He further stated that, "It is difficult for us to call this revolution, as the ' 445:"If there is a central theme to the whole 1600 pages, it is the problem of deciphering China's actions... In the very first entry... Hoxha writes that in spite of the importance of consulting about 'revisionism', 'up to now, the Chinese have not had any contact at all with us to discuss these things. Were our enemies to know that between us there is no consultation at all about the fight against the modern revisionists, they would be astonished. They would never believe it. But that is how things stand.' ... Hoxha presents the decade and a half of 'alliance' with China as years when Albania had to muzzle itself quite a lot, with the occasional bust-out to signal disapproval of China's actions... The diary is rich in accounts of his attempts to decode both published statements and acts, on the one hand, and (something not so widely known) the private communications of the Chinese to the Albanians which were also in 'code'. In the end, Hoxha is reduced to watching the TV of his hated Yugoslavia and capitalist Italy." 311:" denouncing Joseph Stalin in February 1956 put the Soviet leadership at odds with its Albanian counterpart. According to the Albanians, the "Khrushchev group's approaches to the Yugoslav revisionists and its open denigration of Joseph Stalin were the first open distortions of an ideological and political character, which were opposed by the PLA." After arriving in Beijing on September 13, Hoxha held his first (and only) meeting with Mao Zedong in between sessions of the party's congress. Mao's first two questions concerned Yugoslav-Albanian ties and the Albanians' opinion on Stalin. Hoxha replied that Albania's relations with Yugoslavia were "cold" and he gave Mao "a brief outline, dwelling on some of the key moments of the anti-Albanian and anti-Marxist activity of the Yugoslav leadership." On the subject of Stalin, Hoxha stated that the Party of Labour considered him "a leader of very great, all-round merits, a loyal disciple of Lenin and continuer of his work." Mao argued that the 1948 739:"It was said that Mao was following an 'interesting' line for the construction of socialism in China, collaborating with the local bourgeoisie and other parties, which they described as 'democratic', 'of the industrialists', etc., that joint private-state enterprises were permitted and stimulated by the communist party there, that elements of the wealthy classes were encouraged and rewarded, and even placed in the leadership of enterprises and provinces, etc., etc. All these things were quite incomprehensible to us and however much you racked your brains, you could not find any argument to describe them as in conformity with Marxism-Leninism. Nevertheless, we thought, China was a very big country, with a population of hundreds of millions, it had just emerged from the dark, feudal-bourgeois past, had many problems and difficulties, and in time it would correct those things which were not in order, on the right road of Marxism-Leninism." 410:

state of Beijing's relations with the capitalist countries in general. ... The revolutionary spirit characterizing the Chinese society was highly regarded by the Albanian leadership, and was considered as an indication of the Marxist-Leninist character of the CCP and its policies. During the formative years of the alliance, Tiranë looked to Beijing as a center for the development of a new and 'truly' Marxist-Leninist movement." In 1964 Zhou Enlai visited Albania and signed a joint statement which, among other things, stated that, "Relations between socialist countries, big or small, economically more developed or less developed, must be based on the principles of complete equality... It is absolutely impermissible to impose the will of one country upon another, or to impair the independence, sovereignty and interests of the people, of a fraternal country on the pretext of 'aid' or 'international division of labor.'"

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we must not let him go over to the enemy, must not let him capitulate, because there is the question of the peoples of Yugoslavia', etc." and that "we are not dealing with a person or a group that is making some mistakes, that in the middle of the road sees the disaster looming up ahead and turns back; in this case it would be essential to manoeuvre, without giving way on principles, 'to prevent him from going over to the imperialists'. But with Khrushchev it is not at all in order, or correct, even to consider, let alone do such a thing. He has betrayed completely." The Chinese were reluctant to engage in public polemics with the Soviet leadership in 1961–63, stressing the need for a "united front" against the Americans and accordingly asking the Albanians to tone down their own polemics and ask for the restoration of diplomatic relations from the Soviet Union, with the Albanians taking offense to such views.

694:"The Chinese did not make the slightest effort to defend their notorious theses about the revolution, because in fact there was no way in which they could defend them, because the division into three worlds and the inclusion of China in the 'third world', is nothing but an effort to extinguish the proletarian revolution and make the proletariat submit to the yoke of the capitalist bourgeoisie of the industrialized countries and of American imperialism. This absurd anti-Marxist theory allegedly combated Soviet social-imperialism which was endangering American imperialism, Chinese social-imperialism and the developed capitalist countries. The Chinese theories, which have their source in the bourgeois-revisionist views of Mao Tsetung, Chou En-lai, Teng Hsiao-ping and Chairman Hua, take no account at all of the peoples and the revolution." 759:"when Mao Zedong and his associates saw that they would not easily emerge triumphant over the patriarch of modern revisionism, Khrushchev, through the revisionist contest, they changed their tactic, pretended to reject their former flag, presented themselves as 'pure Marxist-Leninists', striving in this way, to win those positions which they had been unable to win with their former tactic. When this second tactic turned out no good, either, they 'discarded' their second, allegedly Marxist-Leninist, flag and came out in the arena as they had always been, opportunists, loyal champions of a line of conciliation and capitulation towards capital and reaction. We were to see all these things confirmed in practice, through a long, difficult and glorious struggle which our Party waged in defence of Marxism–Leninism." 398: 496:"is avoiding general meetings... It holds meetings with other parties, one at a time, which it is entitled to do, and after such meetings these parties come out with statements and articles which defend everything which China says and does. Now the entire concern of the Communist Party of China is that the Marxist-Leninist communist movement should accept that the ideas of Mao Tsetung lead the world, accept the cult of Mao, the Proletarian Cultural Revolution and the entire line of the Communist Party of China with its good points and its mistakes... Just as the opinions of one party cannot be accepted en bloc, neither can those of two parties be accepted en bloc. All must state their opinion. Therefore, the joint meeting and the taking of joint decisions is important." 777:

against the latter on account of the former's greater economic strength and willingness to invest in the Chinese economy. On the subject of Maoism Hoxha stated that "Mao Zedong was not a Marxist-Leninist, but a progressive revolutionary democrat, who remained for a long time at the head of the Communist Party of China and played an important role in the triumph of the Chinese democratic anti-imperialist revolution. Within China, in the ranks of the party, among the people and outside China, he built up his reputation as a great Marxist-Leninist and he himself posed as a communist, as a Marxist-Leninist dialectician. But this was not so. He was an eclectic who combined some elements of Marxist dialectics with idealism, even with ancient Chinese philosophy."

648:"Mao's aim was to help not Khrushchev but himself, so that China would become the main leader of the communist world... He wanted meetings, wanted social-democratic agreements because he himself was a social-democrat, an opportunist, a revisionist. But Mao could not extinguish the fire or the polemic, and seeing that he was unable to establish his hegemony, he changed his stand. Mao took a somewhat 'better' anti-Soviet stand, and here he appeared to be in accord with us who were fighting Khrushchevite revisionism consistently. But even at this time he had hopes of rapprochement with the Khrushchevite revisionists. ... Then, from the strategy of the fight on the two flanks he turned towards the United States of America." 581:"The Chinese make a friend of any state, any person, whether Trotskyite, Titoite, or a Chiang Kai-shek man, if he says, 'I am against the Soviets'. We are opposed to this principle... It is clear that the Chinese do not like these and other stands of ours, because they tear down the Marxist-Leninist disguise they want to maintain, therefore they are exerting pressure on us. This pressure is economic, because politically and ideologically they have never made us yield and will never be able to make us yield. ... Their pressure is not imaginary, but took concrete form in the military and economic plot headed by Beqir Balluku, Petrit Dume, Hito Çako, Abdyl Këllezi, Koço Theodhosi, Lipe Nashi, etc." 719:

the Chinese Government makes out, on the contrary they have a deep political and ideological character." The letter concluded that, "Albania will never submit to anybody, it will stand to the end loyal to Marxism-Leninism and proletarian internationalism. It will march non-stop on the road of socialism and communism illuminated by the immortal teachings of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin. ... Though encircled, socialist Albania is not isolated because it enjoys the respect and love of the world proletariat, the freedom-loving peoples and the honest men and women throughout the world. This respect and love will grow even more in the future. Our cause is just! Socialist Albania will triumph!"

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CCP urged the continuation of polemics against the Soviet leadership, whereas the Chinese sought to get the Albanians to send a delegation to Moscow together with their own delegation headed by Zhou Enlai. Recalling this incident in 1968 Hoxha wrote that, "Chou En-lai went to Moscow without us and there he suffered ignominious defeat... Later we were told: 'We made a mistake in going to Moscow and in proposing it to you, too', etc., etc." Regardless of these and future differences between the two informal allies, the Albanians subsequently wrote that they "supported China publicly... in the international arena for those stands of the Chinese side which were correct."

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talk even with those who are 10 per cent Marxists, because there are only advantages in this. Why should we not gather, two or three of us, in a small room and talk things over? Why should we not talk, proceeding from the desire for unity?" In Hoxha's view the refusal of the Yugoslavs to attend, as well as both Soviet and Chinese desires to enhance their prestige in the world communist movement in response to events over the previous year, produced a situation where "the 1957 Moscow Declaration , in general, was a good document" owing to its emphasis on opposing revisionism, which both the Soviets and Chinese found advantageous to stress at the time.

728:

directives of the Comintern, first of all of the time of Lenin, were correct, and that those of the time of Stalin were correct, too." On the character of the revolution he wrote that, "In my opinion, and as far as I can judge, China carried out a bourgeois-democratic revolution of a new type through the national liberation armed struggle" and that "the revolution in China could not be carried through to the end. ... So long as the working class in China shared power with the bourgeoisie, this power, in essence, was never transformed into a dictatorship of the proletariat, and consequently the Chinese revolution could not be a socialist revolution."

744:

stand the Chinese adopted there. ... Khrushchev's activity compelled Teng to change report and make it somewhat more severe, because Khrushchev issued a document in which China was attacked, and distributed it before the meeting. Teng was also compelled by the resolute stand of our Party, but that is a long story. The later stands of the Chinese, I am speaking about their political and ideological stands, have shown continuous vacillation, and this was precisely the basis of the enigma and my doubt about them ... but now we can say that this policy of China was a great fraud, a major manoeuvre of the Chinese revisionists to disguise themselves."

781:

of the revolution and socialism." However, "In order to subjugate the PLA and the Albanian state, the Chinese revisionists raised many serious difficulties and obstacles for the fulfilment of the 6th Five-Year Plan . Under various trumped-up excuses, they recalled some of their specialists who worked in Albania, slowed down the rates of work and, especially, postponed the setting up of the industrial projects ... which were planned to be built with the aid of China." Following the split Albania also became a country "relying entirely on its own forces, without any kind of aid or credits from abroad, without external and internal debts."

339:

capitalists, merchants, and bourgeois intellectuals well and placing them in high leading positions, vigorously propagated the necessity of collaboration between the working class and the national bourgeoisie, and between the communist party and the other democratic nationalist parties, in the conditions of socialism, etc., etc. In fact, the 'hundred flowers' and the 'hundred schools' of Mao Zedong... constituted the Chinese variant of the bourgeois-revisionist theory and practice about the 'free circulation of ideas and people', about the coexistence of a hotch-potch of ideologies, trends, schools and coteries within socialism."

473:

symbolic and mystical stature in the Albanian revolution that Mao Tse-tung enjoyed in China," there was no inner-party factional struggle at the root of Albanian initiative, the Albanian army played no significant role in events, and there were no Albanian equivalents to the Red Guards nor was there an "influx of supporters of the revolution from the provinces to Tiranë... no public purges, no turmoil in the State University of Tiranë or dislocations of the school system, and no damaging blow to the economy as a result of changes brought on by the revolution." The Albanians also resisted Chinese efforts to get them to praise "

385:(another member of the delegation) felt this stand was correct, with Hoxha sending letters to the delegation calling Deng's speeches "spineless" and further replying that, "They are not for carrying the matter through to the end... They are for mending what can be mended, and time will mend the rest... If I were in the Soviets' shoes, I would accept the field which the Chinese are opening to me, because there I will find good grass and can browse at will." Alia thus wrote that on the subject of principles, "The Chinese were concerned only about the 'conductor's baton', which they wanted to break. They went no further." 140: 128: 389:

were over a series of matters of principle which, at that time, the Chinese seemed to maintain correct stands. Both in the official speeches of the Chinese leaders and in their published articles, especially in the one entitled 'Long Live Leninism', the Chinese party treated the problems in a theoretically correct way and opposed the Khrushchevites." On this basis it defended the activity of the Communist Party of China at the Conference, "it did so in full consciousness in order to defend the principles of Marxism-Leninism, and not to be given some factories and some tractors by China in return."

170: 158: 7419: 373:

notes: "The Chinese had criticized Khrushchev for his rapprochement with Tito, and considered the toleration of Yugoslav 'revisionism' dangerous to the entire communist bloc... Although the seeds of the Sino-Soviet conflict were sown during Stalin's time, policy differences between Beijing and Moscow emerged during the mid- and the late 1950s, coinciding with the deterioration of Albanian-Soviet relations." The Chinese found the Albanians useful owing to their hostility to perceived Soviet revisionism, with Albanian articles on the subject being reprinted in the Chinese media.

295:, with heartfelt joy and we were among the first countries to recognize the new Chinese state and establish fraternal relations with it. Although greater possibilities and ways were now opened for more frequent and closer contacts and links between our two countries, these links remained at the level of friendly, cultural and commercial relations, the sending of some second-rank delegation, mutual support, according to the occasion, through public speeches and statements, the exchange of telegrams on the occasion of celebrations and anniversaries, and almost nothing more. 260: 710:

these objects." In April and May 1978 the Albanian Foreign Ministry made an official complaint that Chinese experts in the country "had the deliberate intention of harming Albania's economy" and on July 7 that year, on the first anniversary of the publication of "The Theory and Practice of the Revolution," the Chinese Foreign Ministry informed the Albanian embassy in Beijing that it was ceasing all economic and military agreements with the country. On July 29 the Albanians replied, declaring the July 7 decision

7431: 6498: 406:

relatively moderate, flowery, and above all 'correct' language in which the Chinese Communists have normally couched their most icy blasts against Moscow... It seems doubtful that Peking initiated or even necessarily approved the intensity and extent of the Albanian verbal violence... they quite possibly could not or did not feel it wise to restrain him." One author noted that "Hoxha's speech so vehemently denounced Khrushchev that even the Chinese delegates looked embarrassed."

37: 7455: 606: 732:

position than Beijing because the Chinese were more keen in maintaining the alliance." Peter R. Prifti noted that Albania's relations with China "emphasize once again the great importance the Albanian leaders attach to ideology ... proved conclusively—if such proof were needed—Albania's independence of China. It demonstrated that the Albanian Party was not a mere mouthpiece of Peking but follows a basically independent foreign policy."

664:, while Tito was invited to Beijing in August and praised by his hosts. In September 1978 Tito declared that, according to Hua, "Mao Zedong said that he should have invited me for a visit, stressing that in 1948, too, Yugoslavia was in the right, a thing which he had declared even then, to a narrow circle. But, taking into consideration the relations between China and the Soviet Union at that time, this was not said publicly." 357: 7443: 6486: 509:'s visit to China in June 1971, with Hoxha writing in his diary that: "Hsinhua reported only that said to him: 'Rumanian comrades, we should unite to bring down imperialism'. As if Ceausescu and company are to bring down imperialism!! If the world waits for the Ceausescus to do such a thing, imperialism will live for tens of thousands of years. It is the proletariat and the peoples that fight imperialism." 626:'. It is wrong in both aspects. ... The Party of Labour of Albania never tramples on Marxist-Leninist principles, and has never been, nor will it ever be, anybody's tool." The Congress also saw activity on the part of various delegations from "anti-revisionist" parties, 29 in all, of whom a number expressed definite preference for the Albanian line over its Chinese counterpart. 461:' are carrying it out, a Proletarian Cultural Revolution... the enemies could and should be captured by the organs of the dictatorship on the basis of the law, and if the enemies have wormed their way into the party committees, let them be purged through party channels. Or in the final analysis, arm the working class and attack the committees, but not with children." 322:"Our impressions from this meeting were not what we had expected... We were especially disappointed over the things we heard from the mouth of Mao about the Information Bureau, Stalin and the Yugoslav question. However, we were even more surprised and worried by the proceedings of the 8th Congress. The whole platform of this Congress was based on the theses of the 291:, about whom personally, as well as about the party which he led, we had no information other than what we heard from the Soviet comrades. Both during this period and after 1949 we had not had the opportunity to read any of the works or writings of Mao Zedong, who was said to be a philosopher and to have written a whole series of works. We welcomed the 505:

foreign aggression was that of... concluding a military alliance with Yugoslavia and with Rumania... repeated this same thesis to the Albanian Government delegation which had gone to Peking in July 1975... was turned down again by our delegation in a clear-cut and categorical manner." An indication of the Albanian position on Romania was shown by

1853: 653:

without reservation that Stalin was truly a great Marxist-Leninist who foresaw correctly where China was going, who long ago realized what the views of Mao Tsetung were, and saw that, in many directions, they were Titoite revisionist views, both on international policy and on internal policy, on the class struggle, on the

554:

moves by declaring that, "As long as American imperialism and the Soviet revisionist imperialism are two imperialist superpowers and come out with a common counter-revolutionary strategy, it is impossible for the struggle of the peoples against them not to merge into a single current. You cannot rely

425:

Another early disagreement between the Chinese and Albanians was over the subject of border disputes. Hoxha wrote in his diary in August 1964 that "Chou En-lai raises with the Rumanians territorial claims against the Soviet Union. He accuses the Soviet Union (Lenin and Stalin because, this 'robbery',

421:

One early disagreement between the Chinese and Albanians concerned the character of the Soviet leadership and polemics against it. In July 1963 Hoxha wrote in his diary that, "The Chinese are saying about Khrushchev today what Khrushchev said about Tito yesterday: 'He is an enemy, a Trojan horse, but

709:

In December 1977 Hoxha recorded in his diary that a group of Chinese specialists were not being sent to Albania because in their excuse "the appropriate conditions do not exist, therefore as long as good conditions and understanding have not been created, we are not going to send our specialists for

652:

Hoxha further wrote that: "Mao Tsetung accuses Stalin of left adventurism, of having exerted great pressure on China and the Communist Party of China. ... Glancing over all the main principles of Mao Tsetung's revisionist line, in regard to all those things which he raises against Stalin, we can say

621:

and openly denouncing Deng Xiaoping while calling for a multilateral meeting of Marxist–Leninist parties. According to the Albanians in their 1978 letter to the Chinese, the latter had tried to pressure them to denounce those who were not part of the ruling group in China: "As we did not do this, it

433:

in October 1964 the Chinese called for the Party of Labour of Albania to join in supporting the new leadership "in the struggle against the common enemy, imperialism." The Party of Labour felt that Brezhnev's rise merely represented "Khrushchevism without Khrushchev" and in a letter to the CC of the

409:

With both states claiming that the Soviet leadership had betrayed Marxism–Leninism and was presiding over the restoration of capitalism in the USSR, "China came to be perceived as having replaced the Soviet Union as the leader of the 'anti-imperialist struggle.' This image was reinforced by the poor

352:

and others. Hoxha also claimed that Mao expressed regret that the Yugoslavs refused to attend the conference, with Mao speaking of those "who are 100 per cent Marxists, and others who are 80 per cent, 70 per cent or 50 per cent, indeed there are some who may be only 10 per cent Marxists. We ought to

780:

In a 1988 publication, the Albanians stated that they "appreciated China's aid and its role, among other outside factors, in the development of our country's economy, seeing it as aid by a friendly people, aid without strings attached and without political conditions, which served the general cause

743:

Likewise in September 1977 Hoxha wrote that, "The question of Chinese communism has been an enigma to me. I am not saying this only now, but have expressed my doubt years ago in my notes. This doubt arose in my mind immediately after the Bucharest Meeting, and it was aroused because of the timorous

681:

The supporters of the theory of 'three worlds' claim that it gives great possibilities for exploitation of inter-imperialist contradictions. The contradictions in the enemy camp should be exploited, but in what way and for what aim? ... The absolutisation of inter-imperialist contradictions and the

568:

informed the Albanians that "China does not approve the creation of Marxist-Leninist parties and does not want the representatives of these parties to come to China. Their coming is a nuisance to us but we can do nothing about them, for we cannot send them away. We accept them just as we accept the

549:

In October 1971 Hoxha was informed that the Chinese would not be sending a delegation to the 6th Congress of the Party of Labour held next month, which prompted Hoxha to write that, "Every cloud has a silver lining. Reaction and the revisionists will make the most of this anti-Marxist action of the

533:

and the whole of Indochina, China held secret talks with the Americans... These disgraceful, anti-Marxist, uncomradely negotiations were held without the knowledge of the Vietnamese, let alone any knowledge on our part. This was scandalous. This was a betrayal of the Chinese towards the Vietnamese,

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in the fields of culture, economics and politics, which unlike its Chinese counterpart was presented as "a continuation and deepening of policies, programs, and efforts undertaken by Albania over a period of some twenty years," with other differences being that Hoxha's presence was never given "the

376:

In November 1960 the Second International Conference of the Communist and Workers' Parties was to be held, and a Commission was created in October to prepare for it. The Albanian delegation headed by Hysni Kapo and the Chinese delegation headed by Deng Xiaoping, however, were at odds; Kapo's speech

718:

The letter went on to note delays on the Chinese side in providing equipment and materials for the vast majority of its economic projects in Albania, but also concluded that, "The true motives for the cessation of aid and loans to Albania have not an exclusively technical character, as the note of

417:

to be "one of the oddest phenomena of modern times: here were two states of vastly differing size, thousands of miles apart, with almost no cultural ties or knowledge of each other's society, drawn together by a common hostility to the Soviet Union." Biberaj wrote that it was unusual, "a political

372:

at home. "Only when the Chinese decided, in 1957 and openly in 1960, to challenge Soviet domination of the bloc did they seriously look around for allies whom they were ready and willing to support." By 1960 the Albanians found themselves in ideological agreement with the Chinese, as Elez Biberaj

596:

In response to Albania's refusal to endorse the "Three Worlds Theory," the rapprochement with the United States, and other activities, "Beijing had drastically reduced the flow of its economic and military assistance" to Albania by 1976, trade declining to $ 116 million in that year from $ 168 in

388:

Nonetheless, Hoxha recalled years later that, concerning the breakdown in relations between China and the Soviet Union, "we were quite clear that did not proceed from principled positions in the accusations they were making against the Chinese party. As became even clearer later, the differences

504:

in 1968 an Albanian delegation to Beijing was told by Zhou Enlai that "Albania, as a small country, had no need of heavy armament and that it was not at all in a position to defend itself alone from foreign aggression... Therefore, according to Chou En-lai, the only road for Albania to cope with

343:

According to Hoxha, Mao at the 1957 International Conference of the Communist and Workers' Parties declared that, "If Stalin were here, we would find it difficult to speak like this. When I met Stalin, before him I felt like a pupil in front of his teacher, while with Comrade Khrushchev we speak

685:

This is an anti-revolutionary 'theory' because it preaches social peace, collaboration with the bourgeoisie, hence giving up the revolution, to the proletariat of Europe, Japan, Canada, etc. ... it justifies and supports the neo-colonialist and exploiting policy of the imperialist powers of the

405:

Griffith wrote in the early 60s that "Albanian documents are notable for their tone of extreme violence and defiance. A remarkable combination of traditional Balkan fury and left-wing Marxist-Leninist fanaticism, the Albanian anti-Khrushchev polemics... were certainly much more extreme than the

776:

was released, the second half of which was a criticism of the "Three Worlds Theory," Chinese foreign policy in general, and Maoism. Hoxha declared that China had become a "social-imperialist" country, aspiring to superpower status alongside the US and USSR by tactically allying with the former

727:

Following the split with China, the Albanians proclaimed that their country was the only one in the world genuinely constructing a socialist society. In December 1977 Hoxha wrote an analysis of the Chinese revolution, declaring that, contrary to the Chinese view, "in general, the decisions and

563:

and Mao have cut off their contacts with us, and the contacts which they maintain are merely formal diplomatic ones. Albania is no longer the 'faithful, special friend'. For them it comes at the end of the line, after Rumania and Yugoslavia in Europe ... it is quite obvious that their 'initial

731:

Biberaj writes that throughout the alliance the Albanians had a definite advantage in that "the scope of China's decision-making participation in Albania was insignificant ... it was the Albanians rather than the Chinese who decided on the use of the aid... Tiranë was in a stronger bargaining

338:

delivered one after the other at the 8th Congress they defended and further deepened the permanent line of the Communist Party of China for extensive collaboration with the bourgeoisie and the kulaks, 'argued' in support of the great blessings which would come to 'socialism' from treating

705:

dedicated its entire issue that day to an article entitled "Chairman Mao's Theory of the Differentiation of the Three Worlds Is A Major Contribution to Marxism-Leninism" in recognition that China could no longer rely entirely on proxies in defending its foreign policy from the Albanians.

550:

leadership of the Communist Party of China, but the international communist movement will judge how right our Party has been in its line and how wrong the Communist Party of China is on this question." At the 6th Congress Hoxha indirectly criticized recent

7281: 484:" parties in Europe and elsewhere who openly upheld the positions of the Albanians and Chinese against the Soviet Union, with the Chinese being reluctant to organize them in joint endeavors due to fears of alienating "neutral" parties such as those in 418:

rather than a military alliance" without any formal treaty having been signed and "lacking an organizational structure for regular consultations and policy coordination," being "characterized by an informal relationship conducted on an ad hoc basis."

673:

written but not signed by Hoxha and entitled "The Theory and Practice of the Revolution" openly attacked the "Three Worlds Theory" by name and thus signified a direct attack on the Chinese. Among other things the editorial stated that,

558:

In 1973 China's trade with Albania experienced a significant decline, to $ 136 million from $ 167 million a year earlier. Reflecting on China's relations with the Party of Labour at this point, Hoxha wrote that "Chou En-lai,

545:

The CC of the CCP did not reply to the letter. In that year and in 1972, however, the Chinese did send messages notifying the Albanians that they should expect a lower level of economic activity with China in the future.

698:

The Chinese temporarily revived their interest in the pro-Chinese parties in order to use them as polemicists against attacks on the "Three Worlds Theory" while pro-Albanian parties fought back; on November 1

576:

which would install a government favorable to greater ties with the West and which would promote economic and cultural liberalization on broadly Yugoslav lines. In his diary at the time Hoxha wrote that,

6024: 381:

and its attacks on China, whereas Deng stated that, "We are not going to speak about all the issues... We are not going to use such terms as 'opportunist', or 'revisionist', etc." Neither Kapo nor

6019: 368:

According to William E. Griffith, the Chinese position on international affairs had begun to shift to the left owing to deepening contradictions with the Soviet Union and the failure of the

640:

Around this time Hoxha began analyzing the works of Mao Zedong and the history of the Communist Party of China. As part of his examination of the then-recently released 1956 Mao speech "

3388: 521:'s downfall the Chinese leadership began seeking an accommodation with the United States against the Soviet Union, viewing the latter as a more dangerous opponent to its interests. 1995: 765: 537:

A month later the CC of the Party of Labour of Albania sent a letter to its Chinese counterpart strongly protesting the decision to receive Nixon, writing among other things that

7067: 5830: 5697: 4723: 7062: 7057: 7052: 5825: 5820: 5815: 6914: 6964: 682:

underestimation of the basic contradiction, that between the revolution and the counter-revolution ... are in total opposition to the teachings of Marxism-Leninism...

686:'second world' and calls on the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America not to oppose this policy, allegedly for the sake of the struggle against the superpowers." 660:

In May 1977 a Chinese parliamentary delegation visited Romania and Yugoslavia, but not Albania, and referred to the Yugoslav system as socialist while praising the

323: 5212: 4903: 3574: 1866: 613:

At the 7th Congress of the Party of Labour, held in November 1976, Hoxha indicated his opposition to the new Chinese leadership that had taken over with the

5092: 3005: 276: 6462: 7490: 221:

within the international communist movement. By the early 1970s, however, Albanian disagreements with certain aspects of Chinese policy deepened as the

6700: 5249: 3053: 292: 5217: 7006: 4708: 4235: 2985: 6392: 2552: 308: 7231: 6040: 4875: 4794: 2303: 2112: 241:. In 1978, China broke off its trade relations with Albania, signalling an end to the informal alliance which existed between the two states. 6309: 629:

Speaking at the Congress, Hoxha reiterated his declaration at the 6th Congress on opposing both superpowers equally, and also denounced the

326:, indeed, in certain directions, the theses of Khrushchev had been carried further forward... Apart from other things, in the reports which 7214: 7047: 6179: 6139: 5811: 4784: 5985: 7074: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 4758: 3645: 572:

In 1974–75 various figures in Albanian military, economic and cultural fields were arrested, with some executed on charges of plotting a

6294: 5707: 4748: 1930: 1916: 6269: 5965: 4837: 192: 139: 127: 69: 453:," noting that, "We have been informed about and have followed the recent developments in China only through the Chinese press and 315:

decision to expel Yugoslavia was incorrect, and also stressed what he considered to have been Stalin's mistakes in regard to China.

7256: 7236: 6175: 5112: 4789: 2822: 304: 1855:

Letter of the CC of the Party of Labour and the Government of Albania to the CC of the Communist Party and the Government of China

437:

A constant irritant on the Albanian side was an inability to have regular contacts with the Chinese. Examining Hoxha's two-volume

7288: 7276: 7271: 6457: 4225: 2869: 1944: 1958: 6099: 5692: 5304: 4718: 2990: 770: 501: 449:

In October 1966 Hoxha delivered a speech to a plenum of the CC of the Party of Labour titled "Some Preliminary Ideas about the

397: 7163: 6982: 6654: 6396: 5771: 4985: 4713: 2648: 2335: 2313: 551: 3736: 7505: 7500: 7398: 6314: 6129: 6094: 5766: 5717: 3555: 3480: 3140: 2740: 526: 222: 378: 7341: 6372: 6323: 6299: 6274: 6154: 6134: 5132: 5072: 5047: 4753: 3160: 2293: 469: 283:

We had followed with sympathy the just war of the fraternal Chinese people against the Japanese fascists and aggressors,

2402: 2330: 7219: 6264: 6254: 6109: 6104: 6089: 6060: 5960: 4868: 4842: 4195: 3290: 2268: 2153: 2107: 2102: 2048: 7241: 6402: 6149: 6124: 6119: 6005: 5994: 5320: 4935: 3927: 3490: 2760: 2701: 2498: 7356: 7119: 6534: 6194: 6114: 5980: 3630: 3625: 3120: 3083: 2812: 2258: 3308: 3170: 2854: 6808: 6690: 6189: 6159: 6144: 6015: 5239: 5042: 5017: 4350: 3731: 3660: 3560: 3438: 3210: 3200: 2787: 2174: 654: 590: 3125: 3012: 3000: 7148: 7136: 6974: 6204: 6055: 6045: 5970: 5921: 5916: 5712: 5702: 5067: 3781: 3550: 3130: 3032: 2765: 2209: 2204: 3450: 3180: 2691: 2463: 7246: 6184: 6075: 5975: 4928: 4898: 4861: 4728: 3743: 3696: 3460: 3383: 3115: 3175: 2884: 2807: 2478: 529:

came as a shock to the Albanians, with Hoxha writing in his diary at the time that "when the Americans were

287:

reaction and the American interference... We knew also that at the head of the Communist Party of China was

7480: 7168: 7042: 6587: 6381: 6259: 6199: 5881: 5806: 5117: 5052: 4980: 4965: 3761: 3721: 3691: 3640: 3500: 3418: 3414: 3285: 3215: 2980: 2797: 2563: 2458: 2390: 238: 1972: 7158: 6868: 6289: 6070: 5926: 5736: 5433: 5384: 5027: 4733: 4205: 4200: 3917: 3595: 3323: 3068: 3027: 2971: 2874: 2755: 2713: 2618: 2143: 2097: 747:

In the view of the Albanians, the shift in China's line between 1956 and 1960 was due to the following:

630: 534:

towards their war, towards us, their allies, and all the other progressive peoples. This is revolting."

7495: 6562: 6407: 6334: 6329: 6279: 6219: 6080: 5786: 5272: 4570: 3791: 3776: 3766: 3620: 3220: 2708: 2511: 2278: 272: 7510: 7261: 7178: 6680: 6639: 6239: 5936: 5871: 5122: 5057: 4799: 4675: 4620: 4440: 3428: 3135: 2696: 2308: 2225: 250: 203: 5613: 7251: 6998: 6990: 6614: 6249: 5722: 5342: 5173: 4995: 4425: 3992: 3255: 3145: 2899: 2443: 369: 4165: 7403: 7336: 7204: 7025: 6956: 6644: 6284: 6244: 6234: 6229: 5891: 5687: 5167: 4950: 3655: 3600: 3585: 3525: 3333: 3313: 3073: 2750: 2355: 641: 2558: 7126: 5513: 5423: 4445: 3949: 3343: 3017: 2493: 2253: 2248: 2041: 5458: 4655: 6649: 6304: 5901: 5836: 5568: 5107: 5097: 4680: 3964: 3959: 3726: 3615: 3570: 3530: 3465: 3409: 3328: 3110: 2924: 2802: 2720: 2628: 2593: 2503: 2448: 2345: 2186: 88: 6813: 5483: 7485: 7309: 7224: 7094: 6940: 6624: 6604: 6527: 5989: 5896: 5861: 5628: 5310: 5000: 4884: 4220: 3987: 3842: 3796: 3711: 3706: 3505: 3404: 3353: 3348: 3240: 3195: 3150: 3088: 2919: 2894: 2844: 2772: 2686: 2536: 2138: 2117: 661: 492:, whereas the Albanians took an active interest in such efforts; Hoxha wrote that the CCP: 234: 211: 5588: 506: 8: 7393: 7266: 7131: 7104: 7099: 6664: 6592: 6412: 5946: 5906: 5638: 5357: 5336: 5184: 5102: 4970: 4940: 4665: 4580: 4575: 4475: 4338: 4135: 4019: 3934: 3822: 3675: 3670: 3650: 3635: 3545: 3540: 3445: 3378: 3368: 3280: 3265: 3165: 3105: 3078: 2904: 2889: 2859: 2837: 2623: 2613: 2340: 2263: 2233: 2217: 614: 465: 450: 279:. Writing years later of his impressions of the country before the visit, he noted that: 226: 218: 5598: 5448: 5010: 3520: 3433: 7351: 7304: 7183: 7141: 7089: 6863: 6783: 6758: 6659: 6557: 5941: 5886: 5761: 5648: 5523: 5325: 5277: 4819: 4615: 4600: 4525: 4505: 4500: 4485: 4332: 4080: 3832: 3716: 3470: 3373: 3358: 3270: 3260: 3235: 3230: 2995: 2949: 2864: 2849: 2792: 2608: 2531: 2407: 2298: 2288: 349: 5498: 4515: 4344: 669: 7381: 7084: 6948: 6577: 5876: 5781: 5593: 5548: 5468: 5443: 5394: 5287: 5223: 5142: 5087: 5005: 4960: 4945: 4832: 4685: 4630: 4605: 4560: 4490: 4465: 4430: 4420: 4389: 4276: 4160: 4130: 3867: 3857: 3771: 3665: 3510: 3225: 3022: 2879: 2832: 2730: 2681: 2655: 2633: 2473: 2453: 2397: 2385: 2199: 2034: 701: 254: 207: 6798: 5658: 5418: 5282: 4809: 4480: 573: 7447: 7435: 7376: 6924: 6878: 6572: 6567: 6502: 6490: 6447: 6436: 5851: 5846: 5668: 5653: 5508: 5503: 5488: 5315: 5260: 4923: 4918: 4908: 4595: 4520: 4450: 4435: 4415: 4362: 4145: 4140: 4120: 4070: 4060: 3887: 3852: 3837: 3786: 3515: 3455: 3295: 2954: 2934: 2643: 2585: 2579: 2546: 2526: 2516: 2365: 2166: 2158: 481: 345: 271:

In September 1956, Enver Hoxha headed a delegation of the Central Committee of the

259: 7515: 7459: 7188: 6728: 6695: 6634: 6629: 6520: 6472: 6452: 5791: 5533: 5493: 5478: 5473: 5244: 5137: 5062: 4814: 4670: 4660: 4645: 4625: 4610: 4585: 4530: 4295: 4263: 4155: 4115: 3877: 3872: 3812: 3753: 3485: 3363: 3190: 3155: 3063: 3058: 2782: 2676: 2350: 2283: 2273: 2238: 2194: 2181: 2133: 657:, on peaceful coexistence between countries with different social systems, etc." 522: 430: 300: 284: 36: 5583: 2777: 7314: 7030: 6898: 6848: 6838: 6793: 6467: 6422: 6377: 5623: 5608: 5603: 5563: 5528: 5438: 5428: 4990: 4640: 4565: 4555: 4550: 4410: 4150: 3939: 3862: 3590: 3495: 3245: 3185: 2817: 2735: 2638: 2598: 2568: 2468: 2423: 586: 5377: 480:

Another difference between the Albanians and Chinese was on the treatment of "

110:

Worsening of Sino-Albanian diplomatic relations, ultimate termination of trade

7474: 7173: 7114: 6843: 6803: 6753: 6619: 5911: 5618: 5538: 5408: 5352: 5228: 5147: 4975: 4804: 4650: 4545: 4510: 4495: 4455: 3997: 3827: 3565: 3475: 3338: 3318: 3205: 2966: 2944: 2909: 2488: 2483: 2438: 2360: 2320: 2069: 489: 331: 7423: 7209: 6883: 6873: 6748: 6743: 6442: 6319: 6085: 6030: 5801: 5643: 5558: 5463: 5389: 5022: 4913: 4590: 4540: 4470: 4460: 4314: 4302: 4289: 4095: 3922: 3423: 2671: 2521: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2076: 623: 414: 215: 144: 7366: 6932: 6888: 6788: 6738: 6685: 6427: 6170: 6065: 5866: 5856: 5776: 5573: 5553: 5518: 5453: 5266: 5152: 4635: 4240: 4210: 4065: 4055: 3954: 3817: 3610: 3099: 2929: 2914: 2725: 2573: 2541: 2428: 2243: 2148: 2087: 618: 560: 530: 485: 441:(consisting of extracts from his political diary), Halliday writes that, 264: 230: 132: 100: 45: 7454: 5370: 7388: 7109: 7079: 7037: 6893: 6853: 6823: 6818: 6733: 6723: 6718: 6358: 6348: 5841: 5673: 5633: 5413: 5347: 5254: 4394: 4105: 4075: 4029: 3944: 3912: 3904: 3847: 3535: 3250: 2939: 2827: 2433: 458: 382: 361: 335: 327: 288: 174: 162: 41: 3048: 605: 7324: 6778: 6773: 6609: 6597: 6582: 6432: 6417: 5578: 5331: 5298: 5293: 5178: 5127: 4690: 4535: 4384: 4357: 4170: 4125: 4034: 4002: 3982: 3974: 3303: 3093: 565: 312: 735:

Recalling his pre-1956 impressions of China, Hoxha once wrote that,

7371: 7361: 7319: 6858: 6833: 6828: 6768: 6387: 6353: 5796: 5698:

The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)

5663: 5194: 5189: 4853: 4269: 4110: 4007: 3882: 3701: 3605: 2745: 2603: 2057: 1830: 622:

comes to the conclusion that we are partisans of Lin Piao and 'the

585:

In April 1974 Deng Xiaoping, head of the Chinese delegation to the

518: 92: 28: 3389:

Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

525:'s visit to China in July 1971 and the subsequent announcement of 413:

The informal alliance between China and Albania was considered by

356: 6224: 6165: 5543: 5363: 4215: 4100: 4090: 4039: 3580: 2325: 1818: 690:

Hoxha wrote on the occasion of the editorial's publication that,

7346: 6763: 6543: 5233: 5207: 4283: 4085: 4024: 2959: 2010:

Socialist Albania since 1944: Domestic and Foreign Developments

1638: 474: 454: 96: 7442: 6485: 1398: 999: 644:" in late December, Hoxha wrote of the Sino-Soviet split that 233:. Hoxha saw in these events an emerging Chinese alliance with 7330: 6000: 5200: 4768: 4724:

American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation

4230: 4013: 2092: 1086: 229:" produced strong apprehension in Albania's leadership under 196: 169: 157: 74: 831: 6050: 6035: 6010: 4955: 4308: 4190: 2082: 2026: 1614: 1554: 1362: 1290: 1242: 1134: 915: 634: 1662: 1578: 1542: 1470: 1434: 1410: 963: 589:, proclaimed the "Three Worlds Theory" at a speech to its 6512: 4763: 4743: 4738: 1782: 1734: 1626: 1530: 1518: 1494: 1446: 1422: 1302: 1254: 1194: 1158: 1122: 891: 807: 1806: 1770: 1566: 1278: 1266: 987: 477:" as constituting a "higher stage" of Marxism–Leninism. 377:

to the Commission criticized the Soviet handling of the

324:

20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

1794: 1602: 1146: 1035: 1011: 927: 867: 855: 843: 795: 6393:

Crimes against humanity under Marxist–Leninist regimes

1980:(Second ed.). Tirana: 8 Nëntori Publishing House. 1746: 1722: 1686: 1482: 1458: 1076: 1074: 975: 819: 1758: 1650: 1590: 1374: 1338: 1326: 1230: 1218: 1182: 1170: 1110: 1098: 1047: 1023: 903: 1997:

The History of the Socialist Construction of Albania

1506: 1386: 1350: 1314: 1059: 939: 277:

8th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party

1710: 1206: 1071: 879: 468:coincided with the intensification of the Albanian 191:was the gradual worsening of relations between the 1966:. Vol. 5. Tirana: 8 Nëntori Publishing House. 1952:. Vol. 4. Tirana: 8 Nëntori Publishing House. 1938:. Vol. 2. Tirana: 8 Nëntori Publishing House. 1924:. Vol. 1. Tirana: 8 Nëntori Publishing House. 1890:Albania and China: A Study of an Unequal Alliance 7472: 7007:Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat 4709:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States 210:, together declaring the necessity of defending 3146:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972 2553:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences 1908:The Artful Albanian: The Memoirs of Enver Hoxha 1698: 1674: 951: 344:freely like equal comrades" and condemned the " 202:Both countries had supported each other in the 6528: 6310:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 4904:Aggravation of class struggle under socialism 4869: 2042: 1984: 1560: 1404: 1368: 1296: 1248: 1005: 921: 555:on the one imperialism to oppose the other." 7282:International Conference of Marxist–Leninist 7215:National Democratic Front of the Philippines 4785:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 2336:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council 429:With the downfall of Khrushchev and rise of 225:along with the Chinese announcement of the " 7075:Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries 3646:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 7232:Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist 6535: 6521: 5708:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR 4876: 4862: 4749:United States involvement in regime change 2304:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine 2049: 2035: 1993: 1987:A Coming of Age: Albania under Enver Hoxha 1836: 1128: 1092: 837: 722: 564:ardour' has died." In April the same year 35: 6965:On the Correct Handling of Contradictions 6915:Report on an Investigation of the Peasant 6270:Communist Party of the Russian Federation 1868:The Theory and Practice of the Revolution 7237:Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) 6403:Criticism of Marxist–Leninist party rule 5113:General Secretary of the Communist Party 1905: 1896: 1608: 1140: 1017: 969: 897: 825: 604: 396: 355: 258: 7277:Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan 7272:Revolutionary Internationalist Movement 6295:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party 2875:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia) 2016: 1887: 1752: 1728: 1692: 1668: 1644: 1584: 1548: 1488: 1476: 1464: 1440: 1416: 1380: 1344: 1284: 1236: 1188: 1176: 1104: 1053: 1029: 993: 981: 909: 813: 569:representatives of bourgeois parties." 451:Chinese Proletarian Cultural Revolution 7491:People's Socialist Republic of Albania 7473: 7210:Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path 6373:All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) 5693:Dialectical and Historical Materialism 5305:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 4719:Russian espionage in the United States 2991:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 2007: 1989:. New York: Columbia University Press. 1928: 1914: 1788: 1764: 1740: 1656: 1632: 1596: 1536: 1524: 1500: 1452: 1428: 1356: 1332: 1308: 1260: 1224: 1200: 1164: 1116: 1065: 1041: 885: 502:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 193:People's Socialist Republic of Albania 6983:Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung 6516: 5772:Industrialization in the Soviet Union 4857: 4714:Soviet espionage in the United States 2870:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 2649:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution 2314:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 2030: 2021:. New York: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd. 2003:. Tirana: 8 Nëntori Publishing House. 1994:Omari, Luan; Pollo, Stefanaq (1988). 1970: 1956: 1942: 1883:. Tirana: 8 Nëntori Publishing House. 1824: 1812: 1776: 1572: 1512: 1392: 1320: 1272: 1152: 945: 873: 861: 849: 801: 7399:Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang 7257:Communist Party of Ecuador – Red Sun 6315:Sandinista National Liberation Front 5767:Collectivization in the Soviet Union 4883: 4790:Soviet Union–United States relations 3141:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China 1878: 1800: 933: 617:in September by refusing to mention 7262:Serve the People – Communist League 6324:Militarized Communist Party of Peru 6275:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 5073:Socialist state of the whole people 4754:Soviet involvement in regime change 1874:. 8 Nëntori Publishing House. 1977. 1865: 1861:. 8 Nëntori Publishing House. 1978. 1620: 470:Ideological and Cultural Revolution 13: 7220:Communist Party of the Philippines 6463:State ideology of the Soviet Union 6265:Communist Party of the Philippines 6255:Communist Party of India (Marxist) 4795:Soviet Union–United States summits 2269:1947 Polish parliamentary election 2154:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 1910:. London: Chatto & Windus Ltd. 1901:. Cambridge, MA: The M.I.T. Press. 1852: 1716: 1704: 1680: 1212: 1080: 957: 401:Enver Hoxha and Zhou Enlai in 1966 14: 7527: 7242:Communist Party of India (Maoist) 5321:Scientific Outlook on Development 4936:Commanding heights of the economy 3556:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 3491:United States invasion of Grenada 2761:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence 2702:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania 667:On July 7, 1977, an editorial in 7453: 7441: 7429: 7417: 7120:Down to the Countryside Movement 6496: 6484: 6300:Lao People's Revolutionary Party 5718:Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism 5093:Civilian control of the military 5048:People's democratic dictatorship 3631:United States invasion of Panama 3481:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War 3121:1971 Turkish military memorandum 3084:Communist insurgency in Thailand 3054:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 2986:Communist insurgency in Malaysia 2813:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 2741:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 2259:Restatement of Policy on Germany 1899:Albania and the Sino-Soviet Rift 168: 156: 138: 126: 48:(right) during a meeting in 1956 5043:Dictatorship of the proletariat 5018:Theory of the productive forces 4351:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 3732:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 3661:Fall of the inner German border 3561:1988 Black Sea bumping incident 3211:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 3201:Spanish transition to democracy 3161:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency 2788:Communist insurgency in Sarawak 2294:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 2175:Occupation of the Baltic states 2019:The Albanians: A Modern History 2012:. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. 655:dictatorship of the proletariat 299:Khrushchev's rehabilitation of 7289:International Communist League 6975:A Critique of Soviet Economics 6957:On the Ten Major Relationships 5995:People's Republic of Kampuchea 5713:A Critique of Soviet Economics 5068:State of socialist orientation 3131:Four Power Agreement on Berlin 2766:Mozambican War of Independence 2205:Indonesian National Revolution 1892:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 766:Imperialism and the Revolution 642:On the Ten Major Relationships 609:Geopolitical situation in 1975 600: 531:killing and bombing in Vietnam 214:against what they regarded as 1: 7247:Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party 4929:Soviet-type economic planning 4899:Administrative-command system 4729:CIA and the Cultural Cold War 3744:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 3697:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident 3419:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 3384:Seven Days to the River Rhine 3116:Corrective Revolution (Egypt) 2403:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état 2331:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 1897:Griffith, William E. (1963). 784: 7043:Chinese Communist Revolution 6588:Continuous revolution theory 6260:Communist Party of Kampuchea 5882:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 5807:Chinese Communist Revolution 5118:Highest organ of state power 4981:Proletarian internationalism 3722:Fall of communism in Albania 3692:Mongolian Revolution of 1990 3641:Polish Round Table Agreement 2981:1968 Polish political crisis 2798:Eritrean War of Independence 2564:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 2459:East German uprising of 1953 2391:Chinese Communist Revolution 2056: 1985:O'Donnell, James S. (1999). 1827:, pp. 617–618, 697–698. 789: 239:proletarian internationalism 7: 7506:Cold War history of Albania 7357:National Democracy Movement 7159:Maoist insurgency in Turkey 7149:New People's Army rebellion 6290:Indochinese Communist Party 5927:Maoist insurgency in Turkey 5922:New People's Army rebellion 5703:Britain's Road to Socialism 5028:Wars of national liberation 3596:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 3324:Korean Air Lines Flight 902 3069:Corrective Movement (Syria) 3033:New People's Army rebellion 3028:Sino-Soviet border conflict 2756:Angolan War of Independence 2619:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 2499:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 2144:Jamaican political conflict 1906:Halliday, Jon, ed. (1986). 318:Hoxha later recalled that 10: 7532: 7137:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency 7048:People's Republic of China 6563:Antagonistic contradiction 6542: 6408:Marxist schools of thought 6335:Portuguese Communist Party 6280:Communist Party of Vietnam 5273:Kaysone Phomvihane Thought 3792:Sino-Indian border dispute 3621:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 3551:1987–1989 JVP insurrection 3309:1976 Argentine coup d'état 3221:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 3171:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état 2855:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 2823:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 2512:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 2279:Asian Relations Conference 1845: 763:In December 1978, Hoxha's 293:victory of October 1, 1949 273:Party of Labour of Albania 248: 244: 197:People's Republic of China 7412: 7342:Mao's cult of personality 7297: 7284:Parties and Organizations 7197: 7179:Internal conflict in Peru 7018: 6907: 6711: 6673: 6550: 6480: 6366: 6342: 6285:Communist Party of Malaya 6240:Communist Party of Brazil 6213: 5954: 5937:Internal conflict in Peru 5730: 5681: 5402: 5213:Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism 5161: 5123:Leading role of the party 5080: 5058:National-democratic state 5053:People's democratic state 5036: 4891: 4828: 4777: 4699: 4676:William Appleman Williams 4621:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 4403: 4375: 4324: 4256: 4249: 4183: 4048: 3973: 3903: 3896: 3805: 3752: 3684: 3397: 3136:Bangladesh Liberation War 3126:1971 Sudanese coup d'état 3041: 3013:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 3001:1968 Peruvian coup d'état 2664: 2439:Arab Cold War (1952–1979) 2416: 2126: 2064: 2017:Vickers, Miranda (1999). 2008:Prifti, Peter R. (1978). 1839:, pp. 297, 339, 342. 199:in the period 1972–1978. 119: 114: 106: 84: 61: 53: 34: 26: 21: 16:Cold War communist schism 7252:Communist Party of Burma 7169:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 7164:Death and funeral of Mao 6999:Bombard the Headquarters 6991:Historic Eight Documents 6615:Newborn socialist things 6250:Communist Party of India 6220:Albanian Party of Labour 5343:Bill of Rights socialism 4996:Socialism in one country 4966:Marxist–Leninist atheism 3451:1980 Turkish coup d'état 3286:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 3256:1978 Somali coup attempt 3216:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 3181:1973 Chilean coup d'état 3006:Revolutionary Government 2900:South African Border War 2692:1960 Turkish coup d'état 2609:Iraqi 14 July Revolution 2464:1953 Iranian coup d'état 2444:1952 Egyptian revolution 1647:, pp. 129–130, 132. 1623:, pp. 14–15, 20–23. 512: 392: 370:Hundred Flowers Campaign 7501:Albania–China relations 7404:Thought reform in China 7337:Left communism in China 7205:Chinese Communist Party 7026:Chinese Soviet Republic 6691:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 6645:Revolutionary base area 6458:State ideology of China 6330:Workers' Party of Korea 6245:Communist Party of Cuba 6235:Chinese Communist Party 5892:Portuguese Colonial War 5688:Foundations of Leninism 5240:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 4951:Dialectical materialism 3656:Fall of the Berlin Wall 3601:People Power Revolution 3586:Central American crisis 3526:1986 Black Sea incident 3176:1973 Afghan coup d'état 3074:Western Sahara conflict 2885:1966 Syrian coup d'état 2808:1963 Syrian coup d'état 2751:Portuguese Colonial War 2714:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 2479:1954 Syrian coup d'état 2356:Annexation of Hyderabad 2299:1947–1949 Palestine war 723:Subsequent developments 223:visit of Nixon to China 7127:New Communist movement 6180:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5514:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 5424:Khorloogiin Choibalsan 3950:Neoclassical economics 3461:Gulf of Sidra incident 3018:1969 Libyan revolution 2709:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 2494:1954 Geneva Conference 2254:Turkish straits crisis 2249:Corfu Channel incident 1929:Hoxha, Enver (1979b). 1915:Hoxha, Enver (1979a). 1888:Biberaj, Elez (1986). 1837:Omari & Pollo 1988 1129:Omari & Pollo 1988 1093:Omari & Pollo 1988 838:Omari & Pollo 1988 761: 753: 741: 716: 696: 688: 650: 610: 583: 552:Chinese foreign policy 543: 498: 447: 402: 365: 341: 297: 268: 6864:Muppala Lakshmana Rao 6681:Maoism–Third Worldism 6650:Seek truth from facts 6423:Post-Marxism–Leninism 6305:Nepal Communist Party 5902:Nicaraguan Revolution 5872:Albanian–Soviet split 5569:Mengistu Haile Mariam 5108:Democratic centralism 5098:Collective leadership 4800:Russia–NATO relations 4681:Jonathan Reed Winkler 3965:Democratic capitalism 3960:Supply-side economics 3928:American conservatism 3727:Breakup of Yugoslavia 3616:Bougainville conflict 3531:South Yemen civil war 3466:Martial law in Poland 3329:Nicaraguan Revolution 3304:Dirty War (Argentina) 3111:1971 JVP insurrection 2925:Years of Lead (Italy) 2803:North Yemen civil war 2721:Berlin Crisis of 1961 2697:Albanian–Soviet split 2629:1959 Tibetan uprising 2594:Syrian Crisis of 1957 2449:Iraqi Intifada (1952) 2309:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1971:Hoxha, Enver (1984). 1957:Hoxha, Enver (1985). 1943:Hoxha, Enver (1982). 757: 749: 737: 712: 692: 676: 646: 608: 579: 539: 494: 464:The beginning of the 443: 400: 359: 320: 281: 262: 251:Albanian–Soviet split 208:Chinese–Soviet splits 7448:Socialism portal 7436:Communism portal 7310:Big-character poster 7095:Black Power movement 6941:On Guerrilla Warfare 6625:One Divides into Two 6503:Communism portal 6491:Socialism portal 5990:Democratic Kampuchea 5897:Black Power movement 5862:Non-Aligned Movement 5001:Socialist patriotism 4221:Non-Aligned Movement 3843:Peaceful coexistence 3797:North Borneo dispute 3712:German reunification 3707:Min Ping Yu No. 5202 3405:Salvadoran Civil War 3354:Grand Mosque seizure 3349:Yemenite War of 1979 3241:Mozambican Civil War 3196:Carnation Revolution 3151:Yemenite War of 1972 3089:1970 Polish protests 2920:1967 Hong Kong riots 2895:Argentine Revolution 2845:Guatemalan Civil War 2773:Cuban Missile Crisis 2687:Bay of Pigs Invasion 2559:1956 Poznań protests 2537:Geneva Summit (1955) 2139:Hukbalahap Rebellion 2118:Non-Aligned Movement 1932:Reflections on China 1918:Reflections on China 1879:Alia, Ramiz (1988). 662:Non-Aligned Movement 439:Reflections on China 379:Bucharest Conference 263:The Albanian leader 235:American imperialism 7481:Ideological rivalry 7460:Politics portal 7394:Red Star Over China 7267:Black Panther Party 7154:Sino-Albanian split 7132:Cambodian Civil War 7105:16 May Notification 7100:Cultural Revolution 6665:Three Worlds Theory 6593:Cultural Revolution 6413:National Bolshevism 5947:Revolutions of 1989 5932:Sino-Albanian split 5917:Naxalite insurgency 5907:Cultural Revolution 5787:Great Patriotic War 5639:Nur Muhammad Taraki 5185:Ho Chi Minh Thought 5103:Cult of personality 4941:Developed socialism 4666:Alex von Tunzelmann 4656:Vladimir Tismăneanu 4581:Thomas J. McCormick 4576:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 4476:Robert Hugh Ferrell 4339:Crusade for Freedom 4136:Illiberal democracy 4020:Ho Chi Minh Thought 3823:Eisenhower Doctrine 3676:Peaceful Revolution 3671:Romanian Revolution 3651:Revolutions of 1989 3636:1988 Polish strikes 3546:Operation INFEKTION 3541:1987 Lieyu massacre 3446:Eritrean Civil Wars 3429:Peruvian Revolution 3379:1979 Herat uprising 3369:Sino-Vietnamese War 3334:Uganda–Tanzania War 3314:Egyptian–Libyan War 3281:Third Indochina War 3276:Sino-Albanian split 3266:Ethiopian Civil War 3166:Eritrean Civil Wars 3106:Ping-pong diplomacy 3079:Cambodian Civil War 2905:Korean DMZ Conflict 2890:Cultural Revolution 2860:Dominican Civil War 2838:Tlatelolco massacre 2624:1959 Mosul uprising 2614:1958 Lebanon crisis 2341:Al-Wathbah uprising 2264:First Indochina War 2234:Iran crisis of 1946 1815:, pp. 256–257. 1803:, pp. 253–255. 1791:, pp. 641–642. 1779:, pp. 241–242. 1743:, pp. 760–798. 1671:, pp. 134–135. 1635:, pp. 544–545. 1587:, pp. 126–128. 1575:, pp. 696–697. 1551:, pp. 125–126. 1539:, pp. 367–387. 1527:, pp. 334–339. 1503:, pp. 251–252. 1479:, pp. 122–123. 1455:, pp. 166–167. 1443:, pp. 109–110. 1431:, pp. 108–109. 1419:, pp. 100–104. 1311:, pp. 593–598. 1275:, pp. 665–682. 1263:, pp. 576–577. 1203:, pp. 287–292. 1167:, pp. 145–147. 1143:, pp. 252–253. 1095:, pp. 297–298. 936:, pp. 267–272. 876:, pp. 340–346. 864:, pp. 254–255. 852:, pp. 249–251. 840:, pp. 152–153. 816:, pp. 180–181. 804:, pp. 240–241. 615:death of Mao Zedong 466:Cultural Revolution 360:The Chinese leader 237:and abandonment of 227:Three Worlds Theory 189:Sino-Albanian split 22:Sino-Albanian split 7352:National communism 7305:Anarchism in China 7184:Nepalese Civil War 7142:Naxalbari uprising 7090:Great Leap Forward 6814:İbrahim Kaypakkaya 6784:Pushpa Kamal Dahal 6759:Charles Bettelheim 6660:Social imperialism 6640:Proletarian nation 6558:Agrarian socialism 5942:Nepalese Civil War 5887:Great Leap Forward 5649:Pushpa Kamal Dahal 5524:Kaysone Phomvihane 5326:Xi Jinping Thought 4961:Labour aristocracy 4820:Russian Revolution 4616:Mary Elise Sarotte 4601:William B. Pickett 4526:Patrick J. Hearden 4506:Gabriel Gorodetsky 4501:Timothy Garton Ash 4486:Anneli Ute Gabanyi 4081:Ethnic nationalism 3833:Hallstein Doctrine 3717:Yemeni unification 3506:1985 Geneva Summit 3471:Casamance conflict 3374:New Jewel Movement 3359:Iranian Revolution 3344:Chadian–Libyan War 3291:Cambodian conflict 3271:Lebanese Civil War 3261:Western Sahara War 3236:June 1976 protests 3231:Cambodian genocide 2996:17 July Revolution 2950:Nigerian Civil War 2865:Rhodesian Bush War 2850:Colombian conflict 2793:Ramadan Revolution 2532:Bandung Conference 2408:Operation Valuable 2289:Partition of India 1974:The Khrushchevites 1155:, pp. 94–113. 972:, pp. 99–100. 900:, pp. 27, 29. 611: 475:Mao Zedong Thought 403: 366: 364:, pictured in 1963 313:Information Bureau 269: 267:, pictured in 1971 7496:Political schisms 7468: 7467: 7225:New People's Army 7085:Sino-Soviet split 6949:On Protracted War 6917:Movement in Hunan 6908:Theoretical works 6578:Capitalist roader 6510: 6509: 5877:Sino-Soviet split 5837:Tito–Stalin split 5782:Spanish Civil War 5723:Guerrilla Warfare 5682:Theoretical works 5614:Władysław Gomułka 5589:Nicolae Ceaușescu 5549:Nikos Zachariadis 5469:Nikita Khrushchev 5444:Palmiro Togliatti 5143:Transmission belt 5088:Central committee 4946:Dialectical logic 4851: 4850: 4838:List of conflicts 4686:Rudolph Winnacker 4631:Giles Scott-Smith 4606:Ronald E. Powaski 4561:Melvyn P. Leffler 4491:John Lewis Gaddis 4466:Robert D. English 4431:Warren H. Carroll 4421:Michael Beschloss 4390:Nuclear arms race 4371: 4370: 4277:Neues Deutschland 4179: 4178: 4161:White nationalism 4131:Liberal democracy 3868:Ulbricht Doctrine 3858:Brezhnev Doctrine 3666:Velvet Revolution 3410:Soviet–Afghan War 3226:Angolan Civil War 3023:Goulash Communism 2880:ASEAN Declaration 2833:Mexican Dirty War 2731:Annexation of Goa 2682:1960 U-2 incident 2656:Sino-Soviet split 2634:Laotian Civil War 2474:Bricker Amendment 2454:Mau Mau rebellion 2398:Malayan Emergency 2386:Chinese Civil War 2346:Tito–Stalin split 2200:Division of Korea 1719:, pp. 55–56. 1407:, pp. 73–74. 1287:, pp. 92–93. 1215:, pp. 37–38. 1083:, pp. 29–30. 1044:, pp. 45–46. 1008:, pp. 67–68. 996:, pp. 45–46. 755:As Hoxha put it, 507:Nicolae Ceaușescu 255:Sino-Soviet split 185: 184: 7523: 7511:Anti-revisionism 7458: 7457: 7446: 7445: 7434: 7433: 7432: 7424:China portal 7422: 7421: 7420: 7011: 7003: 6995: 6987: 6979: 6971: 6967:Among the People 6961: 6953: 6945: 6937: 6929: 6925:On Contradiction 6921: 6879:Jose Maria Sison 6605:Marxism–Leninism 6573:Anti-revisionism 6568:Anti-imperialism 6537: 6530: 6523: 6514: 6513: 6501: 6500: 6499: 6489: 6488: 6448:State capitalism 5852:De-Stalinization 5847:Cuban Revolution 5669:Gennady Zyuganov 5654:Rohana Wijeweera 5509:Klement Gottwald 5504:Valko Chervenkov 5489:Lazar Kaganovich 5449:Dolores Ibárruri 5316:Three Represents 5261:Intercommunalism 5081:Political system 4924:Central planning 4919:Anti-revisionism 4909:Anti-imperialism 4885:Marxism–Leninism 4878: 4871: 4864: 4855: 4854: 4596:David S. Painter 4521:John Earl Haynes 4451:Nicholas J. Cull 4436:Adrian Cioroianu 4416:Thomas A. Bailey 4363:Voice of America 4254: 4253: 4166:White separatism 4146:Social democracy 4141:Guided democracy 4121:Authoritarianism 4071:Ultranationalism 4061:Anti-imperialism 3988:Marxism–Leninism 3901: 3900: 3888:Kinmen Agreement 3853:Johnson Doctrine 3838:Kennedy Doctrine 3754:Frozen conflicts 3737:1991 August Coup 3626:Afghan Civil War 3521:Reykjavík Summit 3516:Somali Rebellion 3456:Ugandan Bush War 3434:Gdańsk Agreement 2955:Protests of 1968 2935:War of Attrition 2644:Cuban Revolution 2580:We will bury you 2547:Cyprus Emergency 2527:Kashmir Princess 2517:Jebel Akhdar War 2366:Western betrayal 2051: 2044: 2037: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2013: 2004: 2002: 1990: 1981: 1979: 1967: 1965: 1953: 1951: 1939: 1937: 1925: 1923: 1911: 1902: 1893: 1884: 1875: 1873: 1862: 1860: 1840: 1834: 1828: 1822: 1816: 1810: 1804: 1798: 1792: 1786: 1780: 1774: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1750: 1744: 1738: 1732: 1726: 1720: 1714: 1708: 1702: 1696: 1690: 1684: 1678: 1672: 1666: 1660: 1654: 1648: 1642: 1636: 1630: 1624: 1618: 1612: 1606: 1600: 1594: 1588: 1582: 1576: 1570: 1564: 1558: 1552: 1546: 1540: 1534: 1528: 1522: 1516: 1510: 1504: 1498: 1492: 1486: 1480: 1474: 1468: 1462: 1456: 1450: 1444: 1438: 1432: 1426: 1420: 1414: 1408: 1402: 1396: 1390: 1384: 1378: 1372: 1366: 1360: 1354: 1348: 1342: 1336: 1330: 1324: 1318: 1312: 1306: 1300: 1294: 1288: 1282: 1276: 1270: 1264: 1258: 1252: 1246: 1240: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1216: 1210: 1204: 1198: 1192: 1186: 1180: 1174: 1168: 1162: 1156: 1150: 1144: 1138: 1132: 1126: 1120: 1114: 1108: 1102: 1096: 1090: 1084: 1078: 1069: 1063: 1057: 1051: 1045: 1039: 1033: 1027: 1021: 1015: 1009: 1003: 997: 991: 985: 979: 973: 967: 961: 955: 949: 943: 937: 931: 925: 919: 913: 907: 901: 895: 889: 883: 877: 871: 865: 859: 853: 847: 841: 835: 829: 823: 817: 811: 805: 799: 774: 591:General Assembly 482:anti-revisionist 346:Anti-Party Group 212:Marxism–Leninism 173: 172: 161: 160: 143: 142: 131: 130: 39: 19: 18: 7531: 7530: 7526: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7521: 7520: 7471: 7470: 7469: 7464: 7452: 7440: 7430: 7428: 7418: 7416: 7408: 7293: 7283: 7193: 7189:Chongqing model 7014: 7009: 7001: 6993: 6985: 6977: 6969: 6966: 6959: 6951: 6943: 6935: 6927: 6919: 6916: 6903: 6729:Louis Althusser 6707: 6696:Gonzalo Thought 6669: 6635:Probable defeat 6546: 6541: 6511: 6506: 6497: 6495: 6483: 6476: 6473:Totalitarianism 6453:State socialism 6362: 6338: 6209: 5950: 5792:Greek Civil War 5726: 5677: 5629:Mathieu Kérékou 5534:Leonid Brezhnev 5499:Bolesław Bierut 5494:Georgi Dimitrov 5479:Josip Broz Tito 5474:Walter Ulbricht 5398: 5245:Gonzalo Thought 5157: 5076: 5063:Socialist state 5032: 4887: 4882: 4852: 4847: 4824: 4815:Second Cold War 4773: 4701: 4695: 4671:Odd Arne Westad 4661:Patrick Vaughan 4646:Athan Theoharis 4626:Ellen Schrecker 4611:Yakov M. Rabkin 4586:Timothy Naftali 4531:Tvrtko Jakovina 4516:Jussi Hanhimäki 4399: 4377: 4367: 4345:Paix et Liberté 4320: 4264:Active measures 4245: 4175: 4156:White supremacy 4116:Totalitarianism 4044: 3969: 3892: 3878:Reagan Doctrine 3873:Carter Doctrine 3813:Truman Doctrine 3801: 3748: 3680: 3575:Soviet reaction 3486:Ndogboyosoi War 3393: 3364:Saur Revolution 3191:1973 oil crisis 3156:Munich massacre 3064:Alcora Exercise 3059:Black September 3037: 2783:Sino-Indian War 2677:Simba rebellion 2660: 2504:Capture of the 2412: 2351:Berlin Blockade 2284:May 1947 crises 2274:Truman Doctrine 2239:Greek Civil War 2228:Blacklist Forty 2195:Gouzenko Affair 2182:Cursed soldiers 2134:Morgenthau Plan 2122: 2060: 2055: 2025: 2000: 1977: 1963: 1949: 1935: 1921: 1871: 1858: 1848: 1843: 1835: 1831: 1823: 1819: 1811: 1807: 1799: 1795: 1787: 1783: 1775: 1771: 1763: 1759: 1751: 1747: 1739: 1735: 1727: 1723: 1715: 1711: 1703: 1699: 1691: 1687: 1679: 1675: 1667: 1663: 1655: 1651: 1643: 1639: 1631: 1627: 1619: 1615: 1607: 1603: 1595: 1591: 1583: 1579: 1571: 1567: 1559: 1555: 1547: 1543: 1535: 1531: 1523: 1519: 1511: 1507: 1499: 1495: 1487: 1483: 1475: 1471: 1463: 1459: 1451: 1447: 1439: 1435: 1427: 1423: 1415: 1411: 1403: 1399: 1391: 1387: 1379: 1375: 1367: 1363: 1355: 1351: 1343: 1339: 1331: 1327: 1319: 1315: 1307: 1303: 1295: 1291: 1283: 1279: 1271: 1267: 1259: 1255: 1247: 1243: 1235: 1231: 1223: 1219: 1211: 1207: 1199: 1195: 1187: 1183: 1175: 1171: 1163: 1159: 1151: 1147: 1139: 1135: 1127: 1123: 1115: 1111: 1103: 1099: 1091: 1087: 1079: 1072: 1064: 1060: 1052: 1048: 1040: 1036: 1028: 1024: 1016: 1012: 1004: 1000: 992: 988: 980: 976: 968: 964: 956: 952: 944: 940: 932: 928: 920: 916: 908: 904: 896: 892: 884: 880: 872: 868: 860: 856: 848: 844: 836: 832: 824: 820: 812: 808: 800: 796: 792: 787: 768: 725: 670:Zëri i Popullit 603: 523:Henry Kissinger 515: 431:Leonid Brezhnev 395: 301:Josip Broz Tito 285:Chiang Kai-shek 257: 247: 204:Albanian–Soviet 181: 180: 179: 167: 155: 150: 149: 137: 125: 80: 79: 49: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7529: 7519: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7462: 7450: 7438: 7426: 7413: 7410: 7409: 7407: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7385: 7384: 7379: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7315:Feudal fascism 7312: 7307: 7301: 7299: 7298:Related topics 7295: 7294: 7292: 7291: 7286: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7222: 7212: 7207: 7201: 7199: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7145: 7144: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7123: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7071: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7034: 7033: 7031:Jiangxi Soviet 7022: 7020: 7016: 7015: 7013: 7012: 7004: 6996: 6988: 6980: 6972: 6962: 6954: 6946: 6938: 6930: 6922: 6911: 6909: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6901: 6899:Zhang Chunqiao 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6869:Narayan Sanyal 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6849:Huey P. Newton 6846: 6841: 6839:Charu Majumdar 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6799:Abimael Guzmán 6796: 6794:Norm Gallagher 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6715: 6713: 6709: 6708: 6706: 6705: 6704: 6703: 6701:Prachanda Path 6698: 6688: 6683: 6677: 6675: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6655:Self-criticism 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6601: 6600: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6554: 6552: 6548: 6547: 6540: 6539: 6532: 6525: 6517: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6493: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6470: 6468:Third-Worldism 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6390: 6385: 6378:Anti-communism 6375: 6370: 6368: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6344: 6343:Related topics 6340: 6339: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6215: 6211: 6210: 6208: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6022: 6016:Czechoslovakia 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5992: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5956: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5734: 5732: 5728: 5727: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5683: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5659:Abimael Guzmán 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5624:Thomas Sankara 5621: 5616: 5611: 5609:Erich Honecker 5606: 5604:Maurice Bishop 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5564:Agostinho Neto 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5529:Khalid Bakdash 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5459:Võ Nguyên Giáp 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5439:Maurice Thorez 5436: 5431: 5429:Ehmetjan Qasim 5426: 5421: 5419:Ernst Thälmann 5416: 5411: 5406: 5404: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5374: 5366: 5361: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5307: 5302: 5296: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5264: 5257: 5252: 5250:Prachanda Path 5247: 5242: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5215: 5210: 5204: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5176: 5170: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5084: 5082: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5038: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5014: 5013: 5008: 4998: 4993: 4991:Social fascism 4988: 4986:Self-criticism 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4932: 4931: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4888: 4881: 4880: 4873: 4866: 4858: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4781: 4779: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4705: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4641:Timothy Snyder 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4571:Vojtech Mastny 4568: 4566:Geir Lundestad 4563: 4558: 4556:Walter Laqueur 4553: 4551:Walter LaFeber 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4481:André Fontaine 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4411:Gar Alperovitz 4407: 4405: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4381: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4365: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4348: 4341: 4336: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4311: 4306: 4299: 4292: 4287: 4280: 4273: 4266: 4260: 4258: 4251: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4187: 4185: 4181: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4151:Third-Worldism 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4052: 4050: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3979: 3977: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3940:Libertarianism 3937: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3920: 3918:Chicago school 3915: 3909: 3907: 3898: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3863:Nixon Doctrine 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3809: 3807: 3806:Foreign policy 3803: 3802: 3800: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3758: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3746: 3741: 3740: 3739: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3688: 3686: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3591:Operation RYAN 3588: 3583: 3578: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3496:Able Archer 83 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3442: 3441: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3412: 3407: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3246:Oromo conflict 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3186:Yom Kippur War 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3009: 3008: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2969: 2964: 2963: 2962: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2841: 2840: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2818:Aden Emergency 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2769: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2736:Papua conflict 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2717: 2716: 2706: 2705: 2704: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2661: 2659: 2658: 2653: 2652: 2651: 2641: 2639:Kitchen Debate 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2599:Sputnik crisis 2596: 2591: 2583: 2576: 2571: 2569:Polish October 2566: 2561: 2556: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2469:Pact of Madrid 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2424:Bamboo Curtain 2420: 2418: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2394: 2393: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2317: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2223: 2215: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2184: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2172: 2164: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2123: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2073: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2054: 2053: 2046: 2039: 2031: 2024: 2023: 2014: 2005: 1991: 1982: 1968: 1960:Selected Works 1954: 1946:Selected Works 1940: 1926: 1912: 1903: 1894: 1885: 1876: 1863: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1841: 1829: 1817: 1805: 1793: 1781: 1769: 1767:, p. 255. 1757: 1755:, p. 138. 1745: 1733: 1731:, p. 203. 1721: 1709: 1697: 1695:, p. 137. 1685: 1673: 1661: 1659:, p. 715. 1649: 1637: 1625: 1613: 1611:, p. 254. 1601: 1599:, p. 253. 1589: 1577: 1565: 1561:O'Donnell 1999 1553: 1541: 1529: 1517: 1515:, p. 110. 1505: 1493: 1491:, p. 123. 1481: 1469: 1467:, p. 111. 1457: 1445: 1433: 1421: 1409: 1405:O'Donnell 1999 1397: 1395:, p. 693. 1385: 1373: 1369:O'Donnell 1999 1361: 1349: 1337: 1335:, p. 245. 1325: 1323:, p. 698. 1313: 1301: 1297:O'Donnell 1999 1289: 1277: 1265: 1253: 1249:O'Donnell 1999 1241: 1229: 1227:, p. 536. 1217: 1205: 1193: 1181: 1169: 1157: 1145: 1133: 1131:, p. 297. 1121: 1119:, p. 419. 1109: 1097: 1085: 1070: 1058: 1046: 1034: 1022: 1020:, p. 251. 1010: 1006:O'Donnell 1999 998: 986: 984:, p. 186. 974: 962: 950: 948:, p. 398. 938: 926: 922:O'Donnell 1999 914: 902: 890: 878: 866: 854: 842: 830: 828:, p. 143. 818: 806: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 724: 721: 702:People's Daily 602: 599: 587:United Nations 514: 511: 500:Following the 394: 391: 246: 243: 183: 182: 178: 177: 165: 152: 151: 148: 147: 135: 122: 121: 120: 117: 116: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 86: 82: 81: 78: 77: 72: 66: 65: 63: 59: 58: 55: 51: 50: 40: 32: 31: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7528: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7437: 7427: 7425: 7415: 7414: 7411: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7374: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7332: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7302: 7300: 7296: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7217: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7198:Organizations 7196: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7174:Two Whatevers 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7143: 7140: 7139: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7115:January Storm 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7102: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7050: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7032: 7029: 7028: 7027: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7017: 7008: 7005: 7000: 6997: 6992: 6989: 6984: 6981: 6976: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6955: 6950: 6947: 6942: 6939: 6934: 6931: 6926: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6906: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6844:Pierre Mulele 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6804:Harry Haywood 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6754:Afzal Bangash 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6714: 6710: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6672: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6620:New Democracy 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6599: 6596: 6595: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6538: 6533: 6531: 6526: 6524: 6519: 6518: 6515: 6504: 6494: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6479: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6438: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6398: 6397:Mass killings 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6383: 6382:Mass killings 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6365: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6341: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6325: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6214:Organizations 6212: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5912:Prague Spring 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5729: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5680: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5619:Samora Machel 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5539:Deng Xiaoping 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5484:Mátyás Rákosi 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5409:Joseph Stalin 5407: 5405: 5401: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5379: 5375: 5373: 5372: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5267:New Communism 5265: 5262: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5229:Khrushchevism 5227: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5205: 5203: 5202: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5148:Unified power 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5079: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5035: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5003: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4976:Popular front 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4879: 4874: 4872: 4867: 4865: 4860: 4859: 4856: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4830: 4827: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4805:War on terror 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4776: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4700:Espionage and 4698: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4651:Andrew Thorpe 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4546:Gabriel Kolko 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4511:Fred Halliday 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4496:Lloyd Gardner 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4456:Norman Davies 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4441:John Costello 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4408: 4406: 4402: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4376:Technological 4374: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4346: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4285: 4281: 4279: 4278: 4274: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257:Pro-communist 4255: 4252: 4248: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4184:Organizations 4182: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4015: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3998:Eurocommunism 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3902: 3899: 3895: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3828:Domino theory 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3804: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3782:South Ossetia 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3742: 3738: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3566:8888 Uprising 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3511:Iran–Iraq War 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3476:Falklands War 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3339:NDF Rebellion 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3319:German Autumn 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3299: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3206:Metapolitefsi 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3007: 3004: 3003: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2970: 2968: 2967:Prague Spring 2965: 2961: 2958: 2957: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2945:Al-Wadiah War 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2910:12-3 incident 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2753: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2710: 2707: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2657: 2654: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2589: 2584: 2581: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2507: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2489:Domino theory 2487: 2485: 2484:Petrov Affair 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2361:Madiun Affair 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2321:Marshall Plan 2319: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2301: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2229: 2224: 2222: 2221: 2216: 2214: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2190: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2170: 2165: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2078: 2074: 2072: 2071: 2070:United States 2067: 2066: 2063: 2059: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2033: 2032: 2029: 2020: 2015: 2011: 2006: 1999: 1998: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1976: 1975: 1969: 1962: 1961: 1955: 1948: 1947: 1941: 1934: 1933: 1927: 1920: 1919: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1870: 1869: 1864: 1857: 1856: 1851: 1850: 1838: 1833: 1826: 1821: 1814: 1809: 1802: 1797: 1790: 1785: 1778: 1773: 1766: 1761: 1754: 1749: 1742: 1737: 1730: 1725: 1718: 1713: 1706: 1701: 1694: 1689: 1682: 1677: 1670: 1665: 1658: 1653: 1646: 1641: 1634: 1629: 1622: 1617: 1610: 1609:Halliday 1986 1605: 1598: 1593: 1586: 1581: 1574: 1569: 1563:, p. 76. 1562: 1557: 1550: 1545: 1538: 1533: 1526: 1521: 1514: 1509: 1502: 1497: 1490: 1485: 1478: 1473: 1466: 1461: 1454: 1449: 1442: 1437: 1430: 1425: 1418: 1413: 1406: 1401: 1394: 1389: 1383:, p. 99. 1382: 1377: 1371:, p. 72. 1370: 1365: 1359:, p. 41. 1358: 1353: 1347:, p. 98. 1346: 1341: 1334: 1329: 1322: 1317: 1310: 1305: 1299:, p. 71. 1298: 1293: 1286: 1281: 1274: 1269: 1262: 1257: 1251:, p. 70. 1250: 1245: 1239:, p. 91. 1238: 1233: 1226: 1221: 1214: 1209: 1202: 1197: 1191:, p. 63. 1190: 1185: 1179:, p. 67. 1178: 1173: 1166: 1161: 1154: 1149: 1142: 1141:Halliday 1986 1137: 1130: 1125: 1118: 1113: 1107:, p. 59. 1106: 1101: 1094: 1089: 1082: 1077: 1075: 1068:, p. 72. 1067: 1062: 1056:, p. 57. 1055: 1050: 1043: 1038: 1032:, p. 48. 1031: 1026: 1019: 1018:Halliday 1986 1014: 1007: 1002: 995: 990: 983: 978: 971: 970:Griffith 1963 966: 959: 954: 947: 942: 935: 930: 924:, p. 66. 923: 918: 912:, p. 39. 911: 906: 899: 898:Griffith 1963 894: 888:, p. 85. 887: 882: 875: 870: 863: 858: 851: 846: 839: 834: 827: 826:Halliday 1986 822: 815: 810: 803: 798: 794: 782: 778: 775: 772: 767: 760: 756: 752: 748: 745: 740: 736: 733: 729: 720: 715: 711: 707: 704: 703: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 672: 671: 665: 663: 658: 656: 649: 645: 643: 638: 636: 632: 631:Common Market 627: 625: 620: 616: 607: 598: 594: 592: 588: 582: 578: 575: 570: 567: 562: 561:Li Hsien-nien 556: 553: 547: 542: 538: 535: 532: 528: 527:Nixon's visit 524: 520: 510: 508: 503: 497: 493: 491: 490:North Vietnam 487: 483: 478: 476: 471: 467: 462: 460: 456: 452: 446: 442: 440: 435: 432: 427: 423: 419: 416: 411: 407: 399: 390: 386: 384: 380: 374: 371: 363: 358: 354: 351: 347: 340: 337: 333: 332:Deng Xiaoping 329: 325: 319: 316: 314: 310: 309:Secret Speech 306: 302: 296: 294: 290: 286: 280: 278: 275:(PLA) at the 274: 266: 261: 256: 252: 242: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 217: 213: 209: 205: 200: 198: 194: 190: 176: 171: 166: 164: 159: 154: 153: 146: 141: 136: 134: 129: 124: 123: 118: 113: 109: 105: 102: 98: 94: 90: 87: 83: 76: 73: 71: 68: 67: 64: 60: 56: 52: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 25: 20: 7329: 7153: 7068:2002–present 6884:Wang Hongwen 6874:Siraj Sikder 6749:Mohan Baidya 6744:Alain Badiou 6630:People's war 6443:Second World 6320:Shining Path 6150:Turkmenistan 6086:Soviet Union 6031:East Germany 5931: 5831:2002–present 5802:Eastern Bloc 5737:Soviet Union 5644:Alfonso Cano 5594:Gustáv Husák 5584:Sanzō Nosaka 5559:Fidel Castro 5464:Earl Browder 5390:Zachariadism 5376: 5369: 5353:Lovestoneism 5218:Kimjongunism 5199: 5037:Class system 5023:Third Period 4914:Anti-fascism 4810:Brinkmanship 4702:intelligence 4591:Marius Oprea 4541:Harvey Klehr 4471:Herbert Feis 4461:Willem Drees 4426:Archie Brown 4343: 4331: 4313: 4303:Trybuna Ludu 4301: 4294: 4290:Radio Moscow 4282: 4275: 4268: 4096:Anti-Zionism 4012: 3935:Keynesianism 3923:Conservatism 3787:Transnistria 3767:China-Taiwan 3424:Gera Demands 3297: 3275: 3098: 2973: 2778:El Porteñazo 2672:Congo Crisis 2587: 2522:Algerian War 2505: 2381:Western Bloc 2376:Eastern Bloc 2371:Iron Curtain 2227: 2219: 2211: 2188: 2168: 2160: 2077:Soviet Union 2075: 2068: 2018: 2009: 1996: 1986: 1973: 1959: 1945: 1931: 1917: 1907: 1898: 1889: 1880: 1867: 1854: 1832: 1820: 1808: 1796: 1784: 1772: 1760: 1753:Biberaj 1986 1748: 1736: 1729:Vickers 1999 1724: 1712: 1707:, p. 7. 1700: 1693:Biberaj 1986 1688: 1683:, p. 4. 1676: 1669:Biberaj 1986 1664: 1652: 1645:Biberaj 1986 1640: 1628: 1616: 1604: 1592: 1585:Biberaj 1986 1580: 1568: 1556: 1549:Biberaj 1986 1544: 1532: 1520: 1508: 1496: 1489:Biberaj 1986 1484: 1477:Biberaj 1986 1472: 1465:Biberaj 1986 1460: 1448: 1441:Biberaj 1986 1436: 1424: 1417:Biberaj 1986 1412: 1400: 1388: 1381:Biberaj 1986 1376: 1364: 1352: 1345:Biberaj 1986 1340: 1328: 1316: 1304: 1292: 1285:Biberaj 1986 1280: 1268: 1256: 1244: 1237:Biberaj 1986 1232: 1220: 1208: 1196: 1189:Biberaj 1986 1184: 1177:Biberaj 1986 1172: 1160: 1148: 1136: 1124: 1112: 1105:Biberaj 1986 1100: 1088: 1061: 1054:Biberaj 1986 1049: 1037: 1030:Biberaj 1986 1025: 1013: 1001: 994:Biberaj 1986 989: 982:Vickers 1999 977: 965: 960:, p. 5. 953: 941: 929: 917: 910:Biberaj 1986 905: 893: 881: 869: 857: 845: 833: 821: 814:Vickers 1999 809: 797: 779: 764: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 717: 713: 708: 700: 697: 693: 689: 684: 680: 677: 668: 666: 659: 651: 647: 639: 628: 624:gang of four 612: 595: 584: 580: 571: 557: 548: 544: 540: 536: 516: 499: 495: 479: 463: 448: 444: 438: 436: 428: 424: 420: 415:Jon Halliday 412: 408: 404: 387: 375: 367: 342: 321: 317: 298: 282: 270: 201: 188: 186: 145:Mehmet Shehu 115:Lead figures 44:(left) with 27:Part of the 7486:Enver Hoxha 7367:Nazi-Maoism 6994:(1965—1966) 6933:On Practice 6889:Yao Wenyuan 6789:Saroj Dutta 6739:Bob Avakian 6686:Mao-spontex 6428:Red fascism 6066:North Korea 5961:Afghanistan 5867:Vietnam War 5857:Warsaw Pact 5777:Great Purge 5762:Great Break 5599:János Kádár 5574:Kim Il Sung 5554:Che Guevara 5519:Enver Hoxha 5454:Ho Chi Minh 5395:Brezhnevism 5378:Rankovićism 5153:Vanguardism 5133:Secretariat 4971:Partiinost' 4636:Shen Zhihua 4446:Michael Cox 4378:competition 4325:Pro-Western 4315:Soviet Life 4241:Safari Club 4211:Warsaw Pact 4066:Nationalism 4056:Imperialism 3955:Reaganomics 3818:Containment 3611:Perestroika 3100:Realpolitik 2930:Six-Day War 2915:Greek junta 2726:Berlin Wall 2574:Suez Crisis 2542:Vietnam War 2429:McCarthyism 2244:Baruch Plan 2189:Unthinkable 2149:Dekemvriana 2088:Warsaw Pact 1789:Hoxha 1979b 1765:Prifti 1978 1741:Hoxha 1979b 1657:Hoxha 1979b 1633:Hoxha 1979b 1597:Prifti 1978 1537:Hoxha 1979b 1525:Hoxha 1979b 1501:Prifti 1978 1453:Hoxha 1979b 1429:Hoxha 1979b 1357:Hoxha 1979b 1333:Prifti 1978 1309:Hoxha 1979a 1261:Hoxha 1979a 1225:Hoxha 1979a 1201:Hoxha 1979a 1165:Prifti 1978 1117:Hoxha 1979a 1066:Hoxha 1979a 1042:Hoxha 1979a 886:Hoxha 1979a 769: [ 619:Hua Guofeng 601:Culmination 574:coup d'état 486:North Korea 265:Enver Hoxha 231:Enver Hoxha 219:revisionism 133:Enver Hoxha 107:Resulted in 101:Imperialism 89:Revisionism 46:Enver Hoxha 7475:Categories 7389:Red Guards 7110:Red August 7080:Korean War 7038:Long March 6894:Akram Yari 6854:Nie Yuanzi 6824:Kang Sheng 6819:Jiang Qing 6734:Samir Amin 6724:Faiz Ahmad 6719:Mao Zedong 6359:Trotskyism 6349:Bolshevism 6195:Montenegro 6176:Yugoslavia 6160:Uzbekistan 6145:Tajikistan 6120:Kyrgyzstan 6115:Kazakhstan 6095:Azerbaijan 6061:Mozambique 5955:By country 5842:Korean War 5674:Xi Jinping 5634:Siad Barre 5414:Mao Zedong 5348:Browderism 5283:Pol Potism 5255:Pantherism 4404:Historians 4395:Space Race 4296:Rudé právo 4250:Propaganda 4106:Neo-Nazism 4076:Chauvinism 4030:Trotskyism 3945:Monetarism 3913:Liberalism 3905:Capitalism 3897:Ideologies 3848:Ostpolitik 3571:Solidarity 3536:Toyota War 3439:Solidarity 3296:Operation 3251:Ogaden War 2940:Dhofar War 2828:Shifta War 2586:Operation 2434:Korean War 2226:Operation 2218:Operation 2210:Operation 2187:Operation 2167:Operation 2159:Operation 1825:Hoxha 1985 1813:Hoxha 1984 1777:Hoxha 1984 1573:Hoxha 1985 1513:Hoxha 1985 1393:Hoxha 1985 1321:Hoxha 1982 1273:Hoxha 1982 1153:Hoxha 1982 946:Hoxha 1984 874:Hoxha 1984 862:Hoxha 1984 850:Hoxha 1984 802:Hoxha 1984 785:References 517:Following 459:Red Guards 383:Ramiz Alia 362:Mao Zedong 336:Zhou Enlai 328:Liu Shaoqi 305:Yugoslavia 289:Mao Zedong 249:See also: 175:Zhou Enlai 163:Mao Zedong 42:Mao Zedong 7325:Guevarism 7063:1989–2002 7058:1976–1989 7053:1949–1976 6779:Chin Peng 6774:Chen Boda 6610:Mass line 6598:Four Olds 6583:Comprador 6433:Red Scare 6418:New class 6230:Comintern 6190:Macedonia 6130:Lithuania 5826:1989–2002 5821:1976–1989 5816:1949–1976 5756:1982–1991 5751:1964–1982 5746:1953–1964 5741:1927–1953 5579:Chin Peng 5434:José Díaz 5385:Dubčekism 5332:Stalinism 5299:Nkrumaism 5294:Sankarism 5179:Guevarism 5174:Castroism 5128:Politburo 4691:Ken Young 4536:Tony Judt 4385:Arms race 4358:Red Scare 4226:NN States 4171:Apartheid 4126:Autocracy 4035:Stalinism 4003:Guevarism 3993:Castroism 3983:Communism 3975:Socialism 3501:Star Wars 3094:Koza riot 2220:Beleaguer 2212:Masterdom 1881:Our Enver 1801:Alia 1988 934:Alia 1988 790:Citations 566:Geng Biao 307:and his " 85:Caused by 57:1972–1978 7382:Japanese 7372:New Left 7362:Naxalite 7320:Hoxhaism 6859:Qi Benyu 6834:Lin Biao 6829:Li Minqi 6809:Ted Hill 6769:Bo Xilai 6674:Variants 6551:Concepts 6388:Cold War 6367:See also 6354:Leninism 6205:Slovenia 6100:Byelarus 6056:Mongolia 6036:Ethiopia 6025:Slovakia 5986:Cambodia 5981:Bulgaria 5797:Cold War 5664:Gus Hall 5371:Đilasism 5358:Marcyism 5337:American 5278:National 5224:Kadarism 5195:Husakism 5190:Hoxhaism 5162:Variants 5011:Yugoslav 4892:Concepts 4843:Timeline 4833:Category 4778:See also 4270:Izvestia 4111:Islamism 4008:Hoxhaism 3883:Rollback 3762:Abkhazia 3702:Gulf War 3606:Glasnost 2976:incident 2746:Sand War 2604:Ifni War 2113:Rio Pact 2058:Cold War 519:Lin Biao 303:and the 195:and the 93:Hoxhaism 62:Location 29:Cold War 7377:Chinese 7019:History 6225:Comecon 6185:Croatia 6166:Vietnam 6155:Ukraine 6135:Moldova 6110:Georgia 6105:Estonia 6090:Armenia 6081:Somalia 6076:Romania 6046:Hungary 6041:Grenada 6020:Czechia 5966:Albania 5731:History 5544:Pol Pot 5364:Titoism 5311:Dengism 5288:African 4333:Amerika 4216:Comecon 4101:Fascism 4091:Zionism 4040:Titoism 3581:Contras 3049:Détente 2326:Comecon 1846:Sources 1621:T&P 455:Hsinhua 350:Molotov 245:Origins 70:Albania 7516:Maoism 7347:Nanjie 7010:(1983) 7002:(1966) 6986:(1964) 6978:(1960) 6970:(1957) 6960:(1956) 6952:(1938) 6944:(1937) 6936:(1937) 6928:(1937) 6920:(1927) 6764:Biplav 6712:People 6544:Maoism 6437:Second 6200:Serbia 6140:Russia 6125:Latvia 6071:Poland 5971:Angola 5403:People 5234:Maoism 5208:Songun 5006:Soviet 4284:Pravda 4086:Racism 4025:Maoism 3777:Kosovo 3298:Condor 2974:Pueblo 2960:May 68 2588:Gladio 2506:Tuapse 2169:Jungle 2161:Priboi 1717:Letter 1705:Letter 1681:Letter 1213:Letter 1081:Letter 958:Letter 597:1975. 216:Soviet 97:Maoism 7331:Juche 6171:Yemen 6006:Congo 6001:China 5976:Benin 5812:China 5201:Juche 5168:Cuban 5138:State 4769:Stasi 4236:SAARC 4231:ASEAN 4196:SEATO 4049:Other 4014:Juche 3772:Korea 3685:1990s 3398:1980s 3042:1970s 2665:1960s 2417:1950s 2127:1940s 2108:NEATO 2103:SEATO 2093:ANZUS 2001:(PDF) 1978:(PDF) 1964:(PDF) 1950:(PDF) 1936:(PDF) 1922:(PDF) 1872:(PDF) 1859:(PDF) 773:] 513:1970s 393:1960s 348:" of 75:China 6051:Laos 6011:Cuba 4956:Foco 4309:TASS 4201:METO 4191:NATO 3417:and 3415:1980 2972:USS 2098:METO 2083:NATO 635:NATO 633:and 488:and 334:and 253:and 206:and 187:The 99:and 54:Date 4764:KGB 4759:MVD 4744:MI6 4739:MI5 4734:CIA 4206:EEC 7477:: 1073:^ 771:zh 330:, 95:, 91:, 6536:e 6529:t 6522:v 6439:) 6435:( 6399:) 6395:( 6384:) 6380:( 6326:) 6322:( 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Knowledge

Sino-Albanian split

Index