Ernest Shackleton - Knowledge

2390: 1483: 979: 1800:, approximately 250 miles (402 km) away, where it was known that stores were cached. After failed attempts to march across the ice to this island, Shackleton decided to set up another more permanent camp (Patience Camp) on another floe, and trust to the drift of the ice to take them towards a safe landing. By 17 March, their ice camp was within 60 miles (97 km) of Paulet Island; however, separated by impassable ice, they were unable to reach it. On 9 April, their ice floe broke into two, and Shackleton ordered the crew into the lifeboats and to head for the nearest land. 2059: 8479: 1233:, named after Shackleton's patron, and the four men became the first persons to see and travel on the South Polar Plateau. Their return journey to McMurdo Sound was a race to avoid starvation, and they were restricted to half-rations for much of the duration. At one point, Shackleton gave his one biscuit allotted for the day to the ailing Frank Wild, who wrote in his diary: "All the money that was ever minted would not have bought that biscuit and the remembrance of that sacrifice will never leave me". The party arrived back at Hut Point just in time to catch the ship. 1827: 1131: 352: 340: 8163: 8134: 1292: 2740: 2148: 302: 75: 597: 321: 2282:, a period of discovery characterised by journeys of geographical and scientific exploration in a largely unknown continent without any of the benefits of modern travel methods or radio communication. None of his voyages achieved its primary objective, and over the ensuing decades, his status as a polar hero was generally outshone by that of Scott, whose polar party had by 1925 been commemorated on more than 30 monuments in Britain alone, including stained glass windows, statues, 2491:, the team was assembled at the request of Alexandra Shackleton, Sir Ernest's granddaughter, who felt the trip would honour her grandfather's legacy. This team became the first to replicate the so-called "double crossing", sailing from Elephant Island to South Georgia and crossing the South Georgian mountains from King Haakon Bay (where Shackleton had landed nearly 100 years prior) to Stromness. The expedition very carefully matched legacy conditions, using a replica of the 1899: 8177: 12455: 8719: 1778: 1389: 695: 826: 8149: 2242: 12467: 8729: 945:. He was in a severely weakened condition; Wilson's diary entry for 14 January 1903 reads: "Shackleton has been anything but up to the mark, and today he is decidedly worse, very short-winded, and coughing constantly, with more serious symptoms which need not be detailed here, but which are of no small consequence a hundred and sixty miles from the ship, and full loads to pull all the way." 2344:, described by Barczewski as a "devastating attack". This negative picture of Scott became accepted as the popular truth, as the kind of heroism that he represented fell victim to the cultural shifts of the late twentieth century. Within a few years, Scott was thoroughly overtaken in public esteem by Shackleton, whose popularity surged while that of his erstwhile rival declined. In 2002, in a 2065: 2063: 2060: 2064: 2317:, one of Scott's team on the Terra Nova Expedition, wrote: "For a joint scientific and geographical piece of organisation, give me Scott; for a Winter Journey, Wilson; for a dash to the Pole and nothing else, Amundsen: and if I am in the devil of a hole and want to get out of it, give me Shackleton every time". This statement was paraphrased by Sir 2062: 1274:, in which he briefly described the expedition. In 2010, several (mostly intact) cases of whisky and brandy that had been left behind in 1909 were recovered for analysis by a distilling company. A revival of the vintage formula for the particular brands found was offered for sale, with a portion of the proceeds donated to the New Zealand 2275:. As well as being a tribute to the explorer, this book was a practical effort to assist his family; Shackleton had died some £40,000 in debt (equivalent to £2,758,944 in 2023). A further initiative was the formation of a Shackleton Memorial Fund, which was used to assist with his children's education and the support of his mother. 2144:

been overdoing things and should try to "lead a more regular life", to which Shackleton answered: "You are always wanting me to give up things, what is it I ought to give up?" Macklin replied: "Chiefly alcohol, Boss." A few moments later, at 2:50 a.m. on 5 January 1922, Shackleton suffered a fatal heart attack.

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continued south, arriving at South Georgia on 4 January 1922. In the early hours of the next morning, Shackleton summoned to his cabin the expedition's physician, Alexander Macklin, complaining of back pains and other discomfort. According to Macklin's own account, he told Shackleton that he had

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The plan changed; the destination became the Antarctic, and the project was defined by Shackleton as an "oceanographic and sub-antarctic-expedition". The goals of the venture were imprecise, but a circumnavigation of the Antarctic continent and investigation of some "lost" sub-Antarctic islands, such

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In the period immediately after his return, Shackleton engaged in a strenuous schedule of public appearances, lectures and social engagements. He then sought to cash in on his celebrity by making a fortune in the world of business. Among the ventures that he hoped to promote were a tobacco company, a

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set sail for McMurdo Sound; according to second officer Arthur Harbord, this decision was "dictated by common sense" in view of the difficulties of ice pressure, coal shortage and the lack of any alternative base known to be close at hand. The ship arrived at McMurdo Sound on 29 January, but was

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After a period of convalescence in New Zealand, Shackleton returned to England via San Francisco and New York. As the first significant person to return from the Antarctic, he found that he was in demand; in particular, the Admiralty wished to consult him about its further proposals for the rescue of

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Shackleton immediately sent a boat to pick up the three men from the other side of South Georgia Island, while he set to work organising the rescue of those left behind on Elephant Island. His first three attempts were foiled by sea ice, which blocked the approaches to the island. He appealed to the

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base in McMurdo Sound to launch his attempts on the South Pole and South Magnetic Pole, but before leaving England, he had been pressured into giving Scott an undertaking not to base himself in the McMurdo area, which Scott was claiming as his own field of work. Shackleton reluctantly agreed to seek

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claimed that there had been a falling-out on the southern journey, and that Scott had told the ship's doctor that " he does not go back sick he will go back in disgrace". There is no corroboration of Armitage's story. Shackleton and Scott remained on friendly terms, at least until the publication of

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The next day, they were able to land on the unoccupied southern shore, and a period of rest and recuperation followed. Rather than risking another sea journey to reach the whaling stations on the northern coast, Shackleton decided to attempt a land crossing of the island. Although it is likely that

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Scott chose Shackleton to accompany Wilson and himself on the expedition's southern journey, a march southwards to achieve the highest possible latitude in the direction of the South Pole. This was not a serious attempt on the Pole, although the attainment of a high latitude was of great importance

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Shackleton had been hoping that the ship, when released from the ice, could work her way back towards Vahsel Bay, but his hopes were dashed on 24 October when water began pouring in. After a few days, with the position at 69°5′ S, 51°30′ W, he gave the order to abandon ship, saying,

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to share the cost. In accordance with Shackleton's promise to Scott, the ship headed for the eastern sector of the Great Ice Barrier, arriving there on 21 January 1908. They discovered that the Barrier Inlet had expanded to form a large bay, containing hundreds of whales, and they immediately

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He was quoted later as saying: "I never learned much geography at school Literature, too, consisted in the dissection, the parsing, the analysing of certain passages from our great poets and prose-writers ... teachers should be very careful not to spoil taste for poetry for all time by

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to McMurdo Sound on the far side of the continent. This party would be tasked with laying supply depots across the Great Ice Barrier as far as the Beardmore Glacier, the depots holding the food and fuel required to enable Shackleton's party to complete their journey of 1,800 miles (2,900 km)

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In December 1913, Shackleton published details of his new expedition, grandly titled the "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition". There is a legend that Shackleton posted an advertisement emphasising the hardship and danger of the planned voyage, so that he could better narrow down the selection of

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Europe was in the midst of the First World War when Shackleton returned to England in May 1917. Suffering from a heart condition, made worse by the fatigue of his arduous journeys, and too old to be conscripted, he nevertheless volunteered for the British Army. He repeatedly requested posting to

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was launched on 24 April 1916; during the next fifteen days, it sailed through the waters of the southern ocean, at the mercy of the stormy seas and in peril of capsizing. Thanks to Worsley's navigational skills, the cliffs of South Georgia came into sight on 8 May, but hurricane-force

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was asked if he could sing; others were accepted on sight because Shackleton liked the look of them, or after the briefest of interrogations. He loosened some of the traditional hierarchies to promote camaraderie, such as distributing the ship's chores equally among officers, scientists and able

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was not a Royal Navy unit, Scott required the crew, officers and scientific staff to submit to the conditions of the Naval Discipline Act, meaning that the ship and expedition were run on Royal Navy lines. Shackleton accepted this approach, even though his own background and instincts favoured a

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Away from his expeditions, Shackleton's life was generally restless and unfulfilled. In his search for rapid pathways to wealth and security, he launched business ventures which failed to prosper, and he died heavily in debt. Upon his death, he was lauded in the press but was thereafter largely

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sent an effusive private letter to Shackleton's wife, praising the "unique expedition, which has been such a complete success in every respect." The reality was that the expedition had left Shackleton deeply in debt, unable to meet the financial guarantees he had given to backers. Despite his

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was published. This was the first of a number of books about Shackleton that began to appear, showing him in a highly positive light. At the same time, attitudes towards Scott were gradually changing as a more critical note was sounded in the literature, culminating in Roland Huntford's 1979

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Elephant Island was an inhospitable place, far from any shipping routes. Rescue by means of a chance discovery was very unlikely, so Shackleton decided to risk an open-boat journey to the South Georgia whaling stations where he knew help would be available. The strongest of the tiny 20-foot

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had sunk. This was the first time they had set foot on solid ground for 497 days. Shackleton's concern for his men was such that he gave his mittens to photographer Frank Hurley, who had lost his own mittens during the boat journey. Shackleton suffered frostbitten fingers as a result.

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was a nineteen-year-old Welsh sailor who had stowed away on the ship after being refused a job; although angered by this, Shackleton realised it was too late to turn back by the time the situation was discovered, so Blackborow was allowed to join the crew and assigned to the ship's galley.

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Beardmore was sufficiently impressed with Shackleton to offer financial support, but other donations proved hard to come by. Nevertheless, in February 1907, Shackleton presented to the Royal Geographical Society his plans for an Antarctic expedition, the details of which, under the name

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In 1905, Shackleton became a shareholder in a speculative company that aimed to make a fortune transporting Russian troops home from the Far East. Despite his assurances to Emily that "we are practically sure of the contract", nothing came of this scheme. He also ventured into politics,

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Over the next four years at sea, Shackleton learned his trade and visited many parts of the world, forming a variety of acquaintances and learning to associate with people from many different walks of life. In August 1894, he passed his examination for second mate and accepted a post as

1029:, his application was unsuccessful because the list was closed. The Admiralty suggested that he could be promoted to Lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve if he qualified, but he chose to resign his RNR commission the following year. Instead, he became a journalist, working for the 1890:, who travelled much of the same route as Shackleton's party. In tribute to their achievement, he wrote: "I do not know how they did it, except that they had to—three men of the heroic age of Antarctic exploration with 50 feet of rope between them—and a carpenter's adze". 1193:

The ice conditions were found to be unstable, making it impossible to establish a safe base at the Barrier Inlet, and an extended search for an anchorage at King Edward VII Land proved equally futile. Shackleton was forced to break the undertaking he had made to Scott, and the

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after the expedition's chief sponsor, was chosen for the trip. Ship's carpenter Harry McNish made various improvements, which included raising the sides, strengthening the keel, building a makeshift deck of wood and canvas, and sealing the work with oil paint and seal blood.

1879:, and 50 feet (15 m) of rope. Leaving McNish, Vincent and McCarthy at the landing point on South Georgia, Shackleton travelled with Worsley and Crean over 32 miles (51 km) of dangerous mountainous terrain for 36 hours, reaching the whaling station at 1353:, said: "When one remembers what he had gone through, one does not believe in the supposed degeneration of the British race. One does not believe that we have lost all sense of admiration for courage endurance". The heroism was also claimed by Ireland: the Dublin 2204:

Shackleton's will was proven in London on 12 May 1922. He died heavily in debt, his small estate consisting of personal effects to the value of £556 (equivalent to £38,349 in 2023). Lady Shackleton died in 1936, having survived her husband by fourteen years.

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Norwegian whalers had already crossed the island at other points on ski, no one had previously attempted this particular route. For their journey, the men were only equipped with boots they had adapted for climbing by pushing screws into the soles, a carpenter's

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winds prevented any possibility of landing. The party was forced to ride out the storm offshore, in continual danger of being dashed against the rocks. They later learned that the same storm had sunk a 500-ton steamer bound for South Georgia from Buenos Aires.

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On 27 November 2011, the ashes of Frank Wild were interred on the right-hand side of Shackleton's gravesite in Grytviken. The inscription on the rough-hewn granite block set to mark the spot reads: "Frank Wild 1873–1939, Shackleton's right-hand man."

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officiating. Macklin wrote in his diary: "I think this is as the boss would have had it himself, standing lonely on an island far from civilization, surrounded by a stormy tempestuous sea, and in the vicinity of one of his greatest exploits."

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forgotten, while the heroic reputation of his rival Scott was sustained for many decades. Later in the 20th century, Shackleton was "rediscovered", and he became a role model for leadership in extreme circumstances. In his 1956 address to the

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as part of a "Great Exploits" series, is described by cultural historian Stephanie Barczewski as "a lone example of a popular literary treatment of Shackleton in a sea of similar treatments of Scott". This disparity continued into the 1950s.

6902: 2061: 1229:—set off on the "Great Southern Journey", as Wild called it. On 9 January 1909, they reached a new Farthest South latitude of 88°23′ S, a point 112 miles (180 km) from the Pole. En route, the South Pole party discovered the 1416:

As none of these enterprises prospered, Shackleton's main source of income was his earnings from lecture tours. He still harboured thoughts of returning south, even though in September 1910, having recently moved with his family to

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in Norfolk, he wrote to Emily: "I am never again going South and I have thought it all out and my place is at home now." He had been in discussions with Douglas Mawson about a scientific expedition to the Antarctic coast between

1256:. His wife Emily later recorded: "The only comment he made to me about not reaching the Pole, was 'a live donkey is better than a dead lion, isn't it?' and I said 'Yes darling, as far as I am concerned,' and we left it at that." 673:

From early childhood, Shackleton was a voracious reader, a pursuit which sparked in him a passion for adventure. He was schooled by a governess until the age of eleven, when he began at Fir Lodge Preparatory School in West Hill,

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different, more informal style of leadership. His particular duties were listed as: "In charge of sea-water analysis. Ward-room caterer. In charge of the holds, stores, and provisions He also arranges the entertainments."

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in New York. It included artefacts, film footage and diaries from the 1914 expedition, as well as a chronological display of more than 150 photographs taken by Frank Hurley, all specially reprinted from the original negatives.

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to Scott, and the inclusion of Shackleton indicated a high degree of personal trust. The party set out on 2 November 1902. Scott later wrote that the march was "a combination of success and failure". They reached a record

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Shackleton employed his considerable fund-raising skills to support the expedition, which was financed largely by private donations, although the British government gave £10,000 (equivalent to £1,212,201 in 2023). Scottish

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of the coronary arteries exacerbated by "overstrain during a period of debility". Contemporary study of diaries kept by Eric Marshall, medical officer to the 1907–1909 expedition, suggests that Shackleton suffered from an

1976:, and sailed with her to rescue the Ross Sea party which, despite many hardships, had successfully completed its depot-laying mission. However, three lives had been lost, including that of its commander Aeneas Mackintosh. 1261: 1863:; and McNish. The carpenter had earlier clashed with Shackleton when the party was stranded on the ice but, while not forgetting his earlier insubordination, Shackleton recognised McNish's value for this particular job. 4584:

14 December 1911, Amundsen raised the flag of Norway at the South Pole. Scott reached the South Pole on 17 January 1912, disappointed to learn that Amundsen had beaten him to it. Amundsen's success was celebrated

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by General Ironside. Returning to England in early March 1919, he was full of plans for the economic development of Northern Russia. In the midst of seeking capital, his plans foundered when Northern Russia fell to

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Besides the official honours bestowed on Shackleton, his Antarctic feats were greeted in Britain with great enthusiasm. Proposing a toast to Shackleton at a lunch given in his honour by the Royal Societies Club,

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which involved interviewing prospective clients and entertaining Beardmore's business friends. He was, by this time, making no secret of his ambition to return to Antarctica at the head of his own expedition.

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Shackleton used his acquaintance with the son to obtain an interview with Longstaff senior, with a view to obtaining a place on the expedition. Impressed by Shackleton's keenness, Longstaff recommended him to

4887: 2128:, who claimed it was the first "talking picture" ever made. The expedition left England on 24 September 1921. Although some of Shackleton's former crew members had not received all of their pay from the 7240: 1380:

efforts, it required government action, in the form of a grant of £20,000 (equivalent to £2,578,822 in 2023) to clear the most pressing obligations, and it is likely that many of his debts were written off.

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of the RGS in 1932, but public memorials to him were relatively few. The printed word saw much more attention given to Scott—a forty-page booklet titled "Shackleton in the Antarctic", published in 1943 by

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Before the return of Shackleton's body to South Georgia, there was a memorial service held for him with full military honours at Holy Trinity Church, Montevideo, and a service was held on 2 March 1922 at

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In October 1917, Shackleton was sent to Buenos Aires to boost British propaganda in South America. Unqualified as a diplomat, he was unsuccessful in persuading Argentina and Chile to enter the war on

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In search of more permanent employment in 1903, Shackleton applied for a regular commission in the Royal Navy via the back-door route of the Supplementary List. Despite the sponsorship of Markham and

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The journey was marred by the poor performance of the dogs, who rapidly fell sick after their food had become tainted. All 22 dogs died during the march. The three men all suffered at times from

1937:, reached Elephant Island on 30 August 1916, at which point the men had been isolated there for four and a half months. Shackleton quickly evacuated all 22 men. The party was taken on 6483: 1654:, conveying the patriotic message: "We hope in our small way to add victories in science and discovery to that certain victory which our nation will achieve in the cause of honor and liberty." 1616:

At times, his interviewing and selection methods seemed eccentric; believing that character and temperament were as important as technical ability, his questions were unconventional. Physicist

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drifted slowly northward with the ice through the following months. When spring arrived in September, the breaking of the ice and its later movements put extreme pressure on the ship's hull.

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and ending in McMurdo Sound. Bruce had failed to acquire financial backing, and was happy for Shackleton to adopt his plans, which were similar to those being followed by the German explorer

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was located on 5 March 2022 by the Endurance22 expedition of researchers and technicians, 4 miles (6.4 km) from where it was lost and 9,869 feet (3,008 m) below the surface.

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Shackleton insisted on packing only enough supplies to last for four weeks, knowing that if they failed to reach South Georgia within that time, the boat and its crew would be lost. The

910:, Shackleton was "the most popular of the officers among the crew, being a good mixer", though claims that this represented an unofficial rivalry to Scott's leadership are unsupported. 732:, or an apprenticeship "before the mast" on a sailing vessel. This third option was chosen. His father was able to secure him a berth with the North Western Shipping Company, aboard the 6969: 880:, Cape Town and New Zealand, on 9 January 1902. After landing, Shackleton took part in an experimental balloon flight on 4 February. He also participated, with the scientists 537:

and finally sank in the Weddell Sea off Antarctica on 21 November 1915. The crew escaped by camping on the sea ice until it disintegrated, then by launching the lifeboats to reach

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that Filchner's expedition had failed. In Shackleton's own words, the transcontinental journey was the "one great main object of Antarctic journeyings" remaining, and now open to him.

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Shackleton chose five companions for the journey: the ship's captain Frank Worsley, who would be responsible for navigation; Tom Crean, who had "begged to go"; two strong sailors in

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en route to England, a message was received from Emily Shackleton asking that her husband be buried in South Georgia. Hussey returned to South Georgia with the body on the steamer

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by botanists Søchting, Frödén & Arup. In October 2015, Shackleton's decorations and medals were auctioned at Christie's, raising a total of £585,000. Shackleton featured on a

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The party finally arrived back at the ship on 3 February 1903. After a medical examination that proved inconclusive, Scott decided to send Shackleton home on the relief ship

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On 24 February, realising that they would be trapped until the following spring, Shackleton ordered the abandonment of the ship's routine and her conversion to a winter station.

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family. Ernest was the second of ten children and the first of two sons; the second, Frank, achieved notoriety as a suspect, later exonerated, in the 1907 theft of the so-called

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set sail from England for the start of the British Antarctic Expedition, reaching New Zealand at the end of November. After some final preparations, the expedition set off from

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was blown from its anchorage and driven out to sea, unable to return. After a drift of many months, the ship had returned to New Zealand. Shackleton travelled there to join

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in suburban London. This was partly in search of better professional prospects for the newly qualified doctor, but another factor may have been unease about the family's

12563: 2325:, thus: "Scott for scientific method, Amundsen for speed and efficiency but when disaster strikes and all hope is gone, get down on your knees and pray for Shackleton." 970:, Shackleton's attitude to Scott turned to "smouldering scorn and dislike"; salvage of wounded pride required "a return to the Antarctic and an attempt to outdo Scott". 4747: 12543: 4877: 2430:

A photography exhibition titled "The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition" was open to the public for six months from April to October 1999 at the

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In January 2013, a joint British-Australian team set out to duplicate Shackleton's 1916 trip across the Southern Ocean. Led by explorer and environmental scientist

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gave an undisclosed but reportedly "generous" sum. There was considerable public interest; Shackleton received more than 5,000 applications to join his expedition.

619:, but his poor health prevented him from doing so; instead he became a farmer and settled in Kilkea. The Shackleton family are of English origin, specifically from 12583: 12533: 6803: 4682: 937:. On the return journey, Shackleton had by his own admission "broken down" and could no longer carry out his share of the work. He later denied Scott's claim in 6119: 4307: 523:'s conquest, Shackleton turned his attention to the crossing of Antarctica from sea to sea, via the pole. To this end, he made preparations for what became the 7207: 545:, enduring a stormy ocean voyage of 720 nautical miles (1,330 km; 830 mi) in Shackleton's most famous exploit. He returned to the Antarctic with the 6826: 3079: 3912: 1572:

candidates for his expedition, but no record of any such advertisement has survived and its existence is considered doubtful. Two ships were to be employed:

1902:"All Safe, All Well", allegedly depicting Shackleton's return to Elephant Island in August 1916. To create this image, a photograph of the departure of the 12608: 12588: 12470: 12039: 7146: 1622: 1477: 3150: 1325:

awarded him a gold medal; a proposal to present him with a smaller medal than that earlier awarded to Captain Scott was not acted on. Each member of the

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Filchner was able to bring back geographical information that would be of much use to Shackleton, including the discovery of a possible landing site at

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Beardmore's help took the form of guaranteeing a loan at Clydesdale Bank, for £7,000 (equivalent to £951,049 in 2023), not through an outright gift. (

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seamen. He made a point of socialising with his crew members every evening after dinner, leading sing-alongs, jokes and games. He finally selected a

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Leonard Hussey, a veteran of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, offered to accompany Shackleton's body back to Britain, but while he was in

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in 1921 but died of a heart attack while his ship was moored in South Georgia. At his wife's request, he remained on the island and was buried in

12498: 7115: 6709: 4571: 1602: 7374: 858:, a Royal Navy torpedo lieutenant lately promoted commander, the expedition had objectives that included scientific and geographical discovery. 12538: 2386:, County Kildare, Ireland, established the Ernest Shackleton Autumn School, which is held annually, to honour the memory of Ernest Shackleton. 6958: 6476:"The Hero Was Man; ENDURANCE: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage. By Alfred Lansing. Illustrated. 282 pp. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. $ 5" 4285: 2091:, a largely unexplored region, and raised some interest in this idea from the Canadian government. With funds supplied by former schoolfriend 5676: 3231: 1640:, to "proceed", and left British waters on 8 August. Shackleton delayed his own departure until 27 September, meeting the ship in 12458: 11877: 6925: 1252:

on 16 January 1909. Shackleton returned to the United Kingdom as a hero, and soon afterwards published his account of the expedition,

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making it a task and an imposition." In his final term at the school, he was still able to achieve fifth place in his class of thirty-one.

6617: 1262: 12593: 10447: 8770: 8221: 2837:, refers to the reported situations where an unseen presence such as a "spirit" provided comfort or support during traumatic experiences. 326: 6230: 2480:

Expedition sold for £1,250. That same year, on the date of what would have been Shackleton's 137th birthday, Google honoured him with a

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Shackleton embarked on an extensive lecture tour in which he talked not only about his own polar journeys but also those of Scott and

12638: 2083:. In 1920, tired of public speaking, he began to consider the possibility of a last expedition. He thought seriously of going to the 7948: 1789:"She's going down!"; and men, provisions and equipment were transferred to camps on the ice. On 21 November 1915, the wreck of 12508: 11828: 9043: 6666: 3048: 2872:

Shackleton stood as political candidate in Dundee but finished fourth of five candidates, with 3,865 votes to the victor's 9,276. (

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scheme for selling special postage stamps to collectors—overprinted "King Edward VII Land", based on his appointment as Antarctic

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relief operation, but turned down the offer to sail with her as chief officer. He also assisted in the equipping of the Argentine

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argued that, in spite of Shackleton's mistakes, financial problems and narcissism, he developed the capability to be successful.

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Modern calculations, based on Shackleton's photograph and Wilson's drawing, place the furthest point reached at 82°11′ S. (

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offers a course on Shackleton, which also features in the management education programmes of several American universities. In

1310: 1275: 682:. As a youngster, Shackleton did not particularly distinguish himself as a scholar, and was said to be "bored" by his studies. 428: 273: 52: 716:, but this was too expensive, and Shackleton passed the upper age limit of fourteen and a half in 1888. Alternatives were the 12643: 11792: 8099: 8018: 7981: 7871: 7833: 7812: 7786: 7763: 7737: 7714: 7691: 7653: 7625: 7603: 7577: 7554: 7489: 7463: 7431: 5141: 3330: 1751:

departed from South Georgia for the Weddell Sea on 5 December 1914, heading for Vahsel Bay. As the ship moved southward

1094:, who subscribed £2,000 (equivalent to £267,244 in 2023) to secure a place on the expedition; author Campbell Mackellar; and 839: 787: 470:

in suburban south London when he was ten. Shackleton's first experience of the polar regions was as third officer on Captain

17: 7931: 7839: 7024: 6326: 6215: 4739: 3197: 2756:

Or, on a fess Gules, three lozengy buckles, tongues paleways Gold; on a canton of the Second, a cross humettée of the Third.

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For his "valuable services rendered in connection with Military Operations in North Russia", Shackleton was appointed an

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from where a team of six, led by Shackleton, would begin the crossing of the continent; meanwhile, a second ship, the

752:

of the Welsh Shire Line. Two years later, he had obtained his first mate's ticket, and in 1898, he was certified as a

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Margaret Morrell and Stephanie Capparell presented Shackleton as a model for corporate leadership in their 2001 book

1405:

by the New Zealand authorities—and the development of a Hungarian mining concession he had acquired near the city of

702:

Shackleton's restlessness at school was such that he was allowed to leave at sixteen and go to sea. One option was a

6739: 12553: 11238: 8637: 8551: 6836: 3071: 2114: 2053: 721: 546: 6177:"Forgotten hero Frank Wild of Antarctic exploration finally laid to rest, beside his 'boss' Sir Ernest Shackleton" 3904: 2577:

venue in New York City. Blended with a parallel story of a struggling composer, the play retells the adventure of

2378:" principles, with the motto "The Journey is Everything". Shackleton has also been cited as a model leader by the 1759:, which slowed progress. Deep in the Weddell Sea, conditions gradually grew worse until, on 19 January 1915, 808:. Although officially on leave from Union-Castle, this was in fact the end of Shackleton's Merchant Navy service. 12513: 11469: 11455: 11429: 11266: 9237: 8763: 8632: 8515: 8293: 8214: 7092: 2016:

Shackleton was specially appointed a temporary major on 22 July 1918. From October 1918, he served with the

1796:

For almost two months, Shackleton and his party camped on a large, flat floe, hoping that it would drift towards

10160: 4878:"1914: Sir Ernest Shackleton Outlines His Polar Projects - The New York Herald, European Edition, Oct. 31, 1914" 670:. However, Shackleton took lifelong pride in his Irish roots and frequently declared that he was "an Irishman". 11292: 11262: 9605: 9595: 9179: 8881: 8505: 3142: 2646: 2584:

In February 2024 a memorial plaque to Shackleton sculpted by Will Davies was unveiled in the south cloister of

2309: 2000:, to establish a British presence there under the guise of a mining operation. On the way, he was taken ill in 1297: 1090:. He then worked hard to persuade others of his wealthy friends and acquaintances to contribute, including Sir 717: 575: 10903: 804:

was confirmed; on 4 June he was commissioned into the Royal Navy, with the rank of sub-lieutenant in the

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The distance from the Pole is commonly given as 97 or 98 miles, this being the distance in nautical miles. (

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in opposition to Irish Home Rule. In the meantime, he had taken a job with wealthy Clydeside industrialist

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and other members of the royal family were represented. Within a year, the first biography was published:

2113:, were mentioned as objectives. Rowett agreed to finance the entire expedition, which became known as the 1375:, that "the English nation has by this deed of Shackleton's won a victory which never can be surpassed." 12406: 11422: 11044: 10878: 10819: 10773: 9002: 8891: 8732: 8520: 8452: 8341: 7728:

Leading at the Edge: Leadership Lessons from the Extraordinary Saga of Shackleton's Antarctica Expedition

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auction in London in 2011, a biscuit that Shackleton gave "a starving fellow traveller" on the 1907–1909

2444: 2407: 2322: 1986: 1039:(RSGS), a post which he took up on 11 January 1904. Three months later, on 9 April, he married 667: 562: 481:

of 1901–1904, from which he was sent home early on health grounds, after he and his companions Scott and

31: 512:, the most active Antarctic volcano. On returning home, Shackleton was knighted for his achievements by 12503: 11782: 10507: 10481: 10474: 9925: 9826: 9818: 9801: 9419: 8965: 8817: 8756: 8602: 8587: 8546: 8510: 8207: 7054: 6993:"Adventurer Tim Jarvis survives to tell of his recreation of Sir Ernest Shackleton's Antarctic journey" 6761: 6287: 2517: 2504: 2503:), replica rations (both in calorific content and rough constitution), period navigational aids, and a 2250: 2044:

control. Shackleton was finally discharged from the army in October 1919, retaining his rank of major.

1433:

Any future resumption by Shackleton of his quest for the South Pole depended on the results of Scott's

1355: 1322: 851: 707: 10214: 6699: 4563: 2558:

expedition. In August 2016, a statue of Shackleton by Mark Richards was erected in Athy, sponsored by

12578: 12573: 12348: 11925: 11605: 11215: 10911: 10710: 10495: 10377: 10180: 10062: 9913: 9762: 9700: 9687: 9560: 9286: 8938: 8261: 7503: 7364: 6997: 2139:, Shackleton suffered a suspected heart attack. He refused to have a proper medical examination, and 2077:

and in December 1919 he published his own account of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, titled

2017: 1880: 1860: 1846: 1831: 1821: 994:. With Sir Clements Markham's blessing, he accepted a temporary post assisting the outfitting of the 126: 1159:

on 1 January 1908, heading for the Antarctic. Shackleton had originally planned to use the old

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South with Endurance: Shackleton's Antarctic Expedition 1914–1917, the Photographs of Frank Hurley

5753: 5721: 5701: 4273: 3219: 2028:, with the role of advising on the equipment and training of British forces in arctic conditions. 12355: 12341: 11822: 11485: 10638: 10512: 10432: 9941: 9768: 8970: 8652: 8556: 8442: 8238: 7803:

Nimrod: Ernest Shackleton and the Extraordinary Story of the 1907–09 British Antarctic Expedition

4717: 2791: 2672: 2412: 2291: 2246: 2172: 2125: 2036: 1907: 1687: 1102:, whose contribution was secured less than two weeks before the departure of the expedition ship 1091: 3322: 1236:

The other main accomplishments of the British Antarctic Expedition included the first ascent of

1035:, but he found this unsatisfactory. He was then offered, and accepted, the secretaryship of the 771:", a mixture of sensitivity and aggression but not unsympathetic. Following the outbreak of the 12362: 11760: 11326: 9258: 8627: 8447: 7927: 7921: 6671: 6607: 3225: 2712: 2665: 2559: 2258: 1056: 783: 647: 388: 10593: 646:

In 1880, when Ernest was six, his father gave up his life as a landowner to study medicine at

635:, County Kildare. Shackleton's mother, Henrietta Letitia Sophia Gavan, was descended from the 12413: 12225: 11765: 11734: 11539: 11492: 11391: 11195: 11114: 11057: 10806: 10800: 10650: 10608: 10570: 10550: 10145: 9920: 9756: 9666: 9648: 9565: 9536: 9526: 9414: 9351: 9125: 8647: 8597: 8592: 8487: 8329: 8273: 8251: 7587: 4605: 2769: 2618: 2314: 1993: 1856: 1574: 1495: 1434: 1110: 570: 528: 9806: 8088: 7397: 5662:"Shackleton's men in the Arctic: polar explorers and Arctic warfare in North Russia 1918–19" 4421: 4389: 4352: 4055: 3466: 2507:

just as Shackleton had used. This expedition was made into a documentary film, screening as

508:, the largest advance to the pole in exploration history. Also, members of his team climbed 12523: 12518: 12271: 12264: 12202: 12119: 12000: 11915: 11619: 11611: 11554: 11142: 11006: 10932: 10924: 10724: 10664: 10623: 10236: 10227: 10098: 10093: 9997: 9861: 9618: 9580: 9187: 8957: 8925: 8869: 8849: 7321: 6963: 6798: 6428: 2589: 2389: 2367: 2349: 2221: 2168: 1886:

The next successful crossing of South Georgia was in October 1955, by the British explorer

1699: 1678:, the second-in-command was the experienced explorer Frank Wild, and the first officer was 1610: 1441: 1291: 1173: 1082: 957:

Years after the deaths of Scott, Wilson and Shackleton, the expedition's second-in-command

919: 820: 795: 580: 482: 475: 10987: 9392: 9375: 7882: 1486:

Map showing the routes of the ships, support team and planned continental crossing of the

1015: 8: 12623: 12257: 12195: 11740: 11662: 11127: 11050: 10966: 10747: 10739: 10688: 10328: 10286: 9781: 9744: 9633: 9397: 9267: 9070: 8875: 8722: 8699: 8657: 8607: 8582: 8356: 8314: 8032: 7669: 6766: 5840: 2824: 2699: 2092: 1960:(the expedition supporting component) also suffered misfortune. The remaining men of the 1606: 1305:

On Shackleton's return home, public honours were quickly forthcoming. He was received by

1087: 966:. While in public they appeared mutually respectful and cordial, according to biographer 900:

throughout the Antarctic winter of 1902, Shackleton edited the expedition's magazine the

855: 805: 471: 382: 243: 9380: 8133: 7992: 6432: 5370: 5368: 5261:"Ernest Shackleton's ship Endurance, which sank in 1915 near Antarctica, has been found" 3040: 1698:

was the second of the two surgeons, also in charge of keeping the 70 dogs healthy.

1240:, and the discovery of the approximate location of the South Magnetic Pole, attained by 1185:

to the Antarctic ice, after Shackleton had persuaded the New Zealand government and the

12278: 11461: 11353: 11334: 10898: 10873: 10415: 10309: 10273: 10249: 10140: 9987: 9962: 9958: 9948: 9854: 9832: 9811: 9692: 9682: 9429: 9317: 9245: 8918: 8909: 8901: 8812: 8792: 8642: 8162: 8076: 8051: 8007: 7860: 7801: 7752: 7592: 7566: 7452: 7420: 7235: 6444: 5960: 5935: 5758: 5726: 5706: 5642: 4926:"Articles from the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition (Aurora) – About the expedition" 4426: 4394: 4357: 4060: 3995: 3471: 2570: 1679: 659: 640: 624: 448: 11869: 8116: 7524: 6022: 1444:, for a continental crossing via the South Pole, starting from a landing point in the 12334: 12320: 12188: 12174: 11833: 11633: 11589: 11574: 11503: 11475: 11383: 11320: 11230: 11182: 11120: 11028: 10992: 10866: 10833: 10826: 10779: 10761: 10678: 10427: 10296: 10244: 10150: 10103: 10031: 10020: 9732: 9722: 9714: 9610: 9600: 9511: 9506: 9489: 9455: 9322: 9309: 9130: 9036: 8994: 8989: 8779: 8577: 8246: 8172: 8095: 8058: 8014: 7977: 7899: 7867: 7829: 7808: 7782: 7759: 7733: 7726: 7710: 7687: 7649: 7642: 7621: 7599: 7573: 7550: 7531: 7508: 7485: 7459: 7427: 7404: 7231:"Review: A Zany Version of the Romance 'Ernest Shackleton Loves Me' in New Brunswick" 6397: 6027: 5965: 5365: 5350: 5137: 2679: 2640: 2585: 2522: 2469: 2318: 2021: 1695: 1637: 1617: 1589: 1372: 1230: 1156: 1125: 1077: 1068: 995: 906:, a regular publication that kept everyone onboard entertained. According to steward 902: 893: 885: 760: 566: 497: 486: 409: 230: 8125: 3143:"Some Monumental Inscriptions of St Bartholomew's Church, Sydenham [no.273]" 2914:

This expedition took place under Mawson, without Shackleton's participation, as the

2228:(RCGS). The ship was found "intact" lying at a depth of 390 metres (1,280 ft). 1803:

After five harrowing days at sea, the exhausted men landed their three lifeboats at

12385: 12243: 12131: 11850: 11582: 11274: 11154: 10980: 10953: 10893: 10768: 10698: 10683: 10422: 10351: 10346: 10320: 10315: 10197: 10120: 10073: 9840: 9660: 9625: 9521: 9516: 9450: 9364: 9146: 9138: 9024: 8944: 8896: 8886: 8859: 8694: 8181: 7796: 7703: 7665: 7478: 6448: 6436: 5955: 5947: 5222: 5207: 5177: 2834: 2686: 2283: 2272: 1996:, and he returned home in April 1918. He was then briefly involved in a mission to 1722: 1482: 1449: 873: 713: 651: 604: 467: 6636:"Simply Media to release 'Shackleton: The Complete Mini-Series' on 13 March, 2017" 2004:, possibly with a heart attack. He was then appointed to a military expedition to 1737:

sank, due to the belief that he would not have survived the ordeal that followed.

650:, moving his family to the city. Four years later, they left Ireland and moved to 12392: 12250: 11993: 11986: 11979: 11840: 11787: 11772: 11678: 11673: 11597: 11562: 11498: 11397: 11312: 11279: 11011: 10794: 10786: 10755: 10671: 10631: 10385: 10341: 10281: 10205: 10175: 10170: 10130: 10108: 10056: 9992: 9982: 9933: 9655: 9640: 9493: 9462: 9424: 9174: 9102: 9096: 9019: 8984: 8844: 8678: 8462: 8437: 8363: 8319: 8309: 8120: 7914: 7823: 7519: 7473: 7268: 7151: 7032: 6930: 6864: 6207: 5384: 5323: 5308: 5162: 4001: 3189: 2806: 2802: 2739: 2611: 2537: 2453: 2287: 2074: 1837: 1804: 1650: 1629: 1376: 1350: 1314: 1306: 1249: 1241: 1022: 978: 967: 958: 768: 679: 538: 513: 267: 254: 43: 10363: 7171:"The unveiling of Shackleton statue at Athy, Co. Kildare – Endurance Exhibition" 6585: 6023:"Sir Ernest Shackleton—Funeral Ceremony In South Georgia—Many Wreaths On Coffin" 5237: 5192: 4639: 2147: 1702:

was in more immediate charge as head dog-handler. Other crew included navigator

1179:

To conserve coal, the ship was towed 1,650 miles (2,655 km) by the steamer

74: 12327: 12313: 12285: 12167: 12014: 11814: 11797: 11750: 11709: 11699: 11668: 11527: 11517: 11409: 11359: 11224: 11174: 11147: 11092: 10888: 10883: 10732: 10585: 10439: 10401: 10358: 10291: 10265: 10219: 10192: 10165: 10135: 10078: 10036: 10026: 9906: 9899: 9796: 9776: 9588: 9548: 9479: 9275: 9250: 9205: 9169: 9163: 9155: 9115: 9110: 9084: 9064: 8832: 8688: 8683: 8673: 8572: 8386: 8168: 7637: 7499: 7264:"Princess Royal unveils memorial to Sir Ernest Shackleton at Westminster Abbey" 6926:"Polar Explorer vs. Reality TV Crew: Tim Jarvis in the Footsteps of Shackleton" 5102: 4006: 4002:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" 2457: 2394: 2136: 2008:, which obliged him to return home again before departing for northern Russia. 1961: 1756: 1752: 1683: 1473: 1393: 1368: 1245: 1031: 926: 915: 782:

where, in March 1900, he met Cedric Longstaff, an army lieutenant whose father

753: 620: 520: 493: 378: 5903:"Polar explorer Ernest Shackleton may have had hole in his heart, doctors say" 4683:"Shackleton Probably Never Took Out an Ad Seeking Men for a Hazardous Journey" 918:

latitude of 82°17′ S, beating the previous record established in 1900 by

12492: 12434: 12299: 12028: 12007: 11935: 11777: 11719: 11714: 11704: 11654: 11649: 11625: 11569: 11446: 11440: 11435: 11034: 10945: 10938: 10693: 10488: 10467: 10335: 10113: 10083: 10051: 10046: 9883: 9789: 9672: 9467: 9280: 9230: 9223: 9215: 9120: 9029: 8864: 8617: 8411: 8154: 8072: 7747: 6318: 6070: 5951: 5293: 2985:

voyage, Shackleton refused to recommend him for the award of a Polar Medal. (

2828: 2481: 2473: 2416: 2375: 2295: 2262: 2216:, the vessel on which Shackleton made his final voyage. She was found on the 2197: 2121: 1920: 1797: 1703: 1663: 1457: 1346: 1338: 1226: 1222: 1186: 1180: 1165: 1150: 1143: 1139: 1130: 1026: 907: 889: 829: 799: 749: 733: 542: 8186: 1946: 1733:, that belonged to the carpenter Harry McNish. Mrs Chippy was shot when the 615:, County Kildare, Ireland. His father, Henry Shackleton, tried to enter the 12427: 12369: 12306: 12181: 11808: 11802: 11414: 11378: 11244: 11071: 11021: 10960: 10814: 10502: 10453: 10303: 10125: 10088: 10068: 10009: 9543: 9531: 9474: 9402: 9303: 9200: 9194: 9091: 9079: 8952: 8930: 8854: 8807: 8158: 8002: 7894: 6415: 6120:"Sir Ernest Shackleton and Karl Marx died in poverty, probate records show" 5969: 5907: 2574: 2542: 2398: 2183: 2100: 2084: 2079: 1942: 1911: 1887: 1718: 1707: 1691: 1641: 1337:

to attach to his earlier medal. He was also appointed a Younger Brother of

1237: 1040: 983: 616: 596: 509: 501: 357: 198: 7178: 3362: 3360: 1826: 1210:. After considerable weather delays, a base was eventually established at 466:, County Kildare, Ireland, Shackleton and his Anglo-Irish family moved to 12214: 11965: 11845: 11745: 11693: 11511: 11298: 11086: 10461: 10393: 10155: 10014: 9977: 9877: 9869: 9677: 9013: 8421: 8401: 8288: 8046: 7855: 7778: 7613: 6897: 6831: 6700:"The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition (Exhibition)" 6612: 5134:

Favourite Cat Stories: New Tales of Feline Frolics for Devoted Cat Lovers

2634: 2461: 2360: 2159: 1997: 1453: 1445: 1334: 1330: 1099: 1005: 655: 636: 600: 445: 404: 287: 7732:. New York: AMACOM (a division of the American Management Association). 6893:"Elation for Adelaide adventurer Tim Jarvis as epic Antarctic trek ends" 6731: 6231:"The shipwreck of Sir Ernest Shackleton's last journey is finally found" 12420: 12376: 12292: 11945: 11644: 11547: 11531: 11373: 11306: 11207: 10616: 10565: 10525: 9847: 9573: 9501: 9443: 8836: 8804: 8478: 8351: 8230: 8028: 7679: 7618:

Forged in Crisis: The Power of Courageous Leadership in Turbulent Times

7422:

Antarctic Destinies: Scott, Shackleton and the changing face of heroism

7084: 6621: 5061:"Photography Review; Art and Courage Forged in a Cauldron of Adversity" 3357: 2932: 2551: 2488: 2465: 2179: 2120:

On 16 September 1921, Shackleton recorded a farewell address on a

1965: 1930: 1730: 1579: 1423: 1418: 1402: 1271: 1218: 1211: 1135: 1086:. The aim was the conquest of both the geographical South Pole and the 949: 764: 745: 703: 505: 345: 7705:

Shackleton's Way: Leadership lessons from the great Antarctic explorer

5531: 2357:

Shackleton's Way: Leadership Lessons from the Great Antarctic Explorer

1270:

In 1910, Shackleton made a series of three recordings using an Edison

888:, in the first sledging trip from the expedition's winter quarters in 12048: 11972: 11166: 10003: 9555: 9338: 8391: 7862:

The Voyages of the Discovery: The Illustrated History of Scott's Ship

6440: 5265: 4640:"Shackleton's prospectus for the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition" 3072:"At the Bottom of an Icy Sea, One of History's Great Wrecks Is Found" 2449: 2439: 2189: 2152: 2041: 1764: 1717:

Of later independent fame was the expedition's official photographer

1645: 1644:. On setting sail for South Georgia at the end of October, he sent a 1583: 1541: 1427: 1406: 1207: 930: 776: 632: 550: 452: 185: 8748: 8053:

Diary of the Discovery Expedition to the Antarctic Regions 1901–1904

2001: 1360:

headline read "South Pole Almost Reached by an Irishman", while the

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South – Sir Ernest Shackleton's Glorious Epic of the Antarctic

7202: 6005: 6003: 5872: 5870: 5785: 5783: 5781: 4486: 4484: 4314:. Wellington, NZ. Associated Press. 5 February 2010. Archived from 2500: 2217: 2163: 2005: 1095: 772: 534: 527:

of 1914–1917. The expedition was struck by disaster when its ship,

485:

set a new southern record by marching to latitude 82°S. During the

7880: 7116:"Ernest Shackleton's polar voyage to feature on Royal Mail stamps" 4456: 4454: 4185: 2899: 2352:", Shackleton was ranked 11th while Scott was down in 54th place. 1949:

in Chile, where crowds warmly welcomed them back to civilisation.

1388: 756:, qualifying him to command a British ship anywhere in the world. 11725: 11105: 9370: 9346: 9334: 7025:"Chasing Shackleton: Chasing Shackleton re-aired August 12, 2014" 6560: 6558: 6556: 4121: 4119: 2948:

Churchill sent Shackleton a one-word telegram on 3 August –

2420: 2379: 2321:, one of Shackleton's contemporaries, in his 1956 address to the 2110: 1898: 1463: 1410: 1364:

spoke of the "qualities which were his heritage as an Irishman".

877: 675: 455:. He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the 9892: 6353: 6000: 5867: 5778: 5766: 4858: 4822: 4481: 3799: 3797: 3795: 2132:

expedition, many of them signed on with their erstwhile "Boss".

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Shackleton's fellow polar explorers expressed their admiration;

825: 9971: 9296: 6399:

The Worst Journey In The World, Antarctic 1910–1913, Volume One

5620: 5618: 4451: 2533: 2529: 2371: 2088: 934: 628: 612: 492:

of 1907–1909, he and three companions established a new record

463: 168: 6553: 4471: 4469: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4335: 4333: 4155: 4131: 4116: 4104: 4092: 3931: 3838: 3836: 3705: 3703: 3701: 2971: 1266:

Cylinder recording talking about the voyage as described, 1910

850:—was the brainchild of Sir Clements Markham, president of the 694: 579:. In 2002, Shackleton was voted eleventh in a BBC poll of the 519:

After the race to the South Pole ended in December 1911, with

9357: 8199: 7147:"Statue of Polar explorer Ernest Shackleton unveiled in Athy" 6495: 6493: 6044: 5519: 5447: 5437: 5435: 5433: 4026: 4024: 3919: 3792: 3503: 2569:

by Val Vigoda and Joe DiPietro made its debut in 2017 at the

2241: 557:

was discovered just over a century after Shackleton's death.

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would carry the main party into the Weddell Sea, aiming for

1010:, which was being fitted out for the relief of the stranded 7777:. Contributors: Paul Costigan, Michael Gray, Shane Murphy, 7754:

A First Rate Tragedy: Captain Scott's Antarctic Expeditions

6616:. Vol. 239, no. 3102. 27 April 1983. p. 49. 6098: 6096: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5795: 5495: 4595: 4593: 4532: 4466: 4434: 4402: 4365: 4330: 4281: 3955: 3833: 3809: 3768: 3698: 3551: 3270: 3258: 2581:

in detail, incorporating photos and videos of the journey.

2383: 1876: 1690:

was head of the scientific staff, which included geologist

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On 4 August 1907, Shackleton was appointed a Member of the

942: 876:

on 31 July 1901, arriving at the Antarctic coast, via

105:

11 January 1904 – 10 November 1905

7399:

The Endurance: Shackleton's legendary Antarctic expedition

6959:"Shackleton adventurers complete epic re-enactment voyage" 6529: 6517: 6490: 6365: 5430: 4242: 4036: 4021: 3967: 3943: 3686: 3638: 3539: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 2925: 2805:, British long-range maritime patrol aircraft used by the 2750:

A poplar tree Proper charged with a buckle as in the arms.

1430:, and had written to the RGS about this in February 1910. 1317:

in the King's Birthday Honours list in November, becoming

678:, in southeast London. At the age of thirteen, he entered 6341: 6031:. Vol. XXXV, no. 10444. 5 May 1922. p. 1. 5882: 5579: 5543: 5459: 5411: 5103:"Endurance: The Newport stowaway on Shackleton shipwreck" 4979: 4977: 4975: 4705: 4620: 3575: 3430: 3418: 3389: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3041:"Endurance: Shackleton's lost ship is found in Antarctic" 2512: 2345: 2300: 2188:, and on 5 March 1922, Shackleton was buried in the 7085:"Sir Ernest Shackleton medals raise £585,000 at auction" 6827:"Ernest Shackleton Honoured with Birthday Google Doodle" 6113: 6111: 6093: 5988: 5855: 5807: 5591: 5567: 5483: 4989: 4948: 4846: 4798: 4762: 4590: 4508: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3662: 3628: 3626: 3527: 3479: 3118: 3106: 2981:, pp. 475–476. Despite McNish's heroics during the 2908: 2095:, Shackleton acquired a 125-ton Norwegian sealer, named 1113:, 4th Class (MVO; the present-day grade of lieutenant). 1043:, with whom he had three children: Raymond, Cecily, and 11899: 10562: 7293: 7291: 6505: 6377: 5471: 4254: 3821: 3599: 3282: 2879: 6208:"Explorer Shackleton's last ship found on ocean floor" 5399: 5150: 5037: 5025: 5013: 5001: 4972: 4960: 4906: 4544: 4194: 3650: 3611: 3447: 3372: 3184: 3182: 3180: 2175:, which may have been a cause of his health problems. 7828:. Vol. 1. New York: Taylor & Francis Group. 6860:"Team sets out to recreate Shackleton's epic journey" 6108: 5083: 4230: 4143: 3884: 3872: 3860: 3848: 3756: 3739: 3727: 3715: 3623: 3587: 3563: 3515: 3406: 3345: 3246: 2464:. An asteroid discovered by Swiss amateur astronomer 2035:

in the 1919 King's Birthday Honours, and he was also

1456:

in May 1911; in December 1912, the news arrived from

892:, a journey which established a safe route on to the 631:

who moved to Ireland in 1726 and started a school in

12604:

Personnel of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition

7912: 7288: 6541: 6051: 5374: 4834: 4662: 4218: 3780: 3674: 3491: 3303: 3165: 2795:, the first book produced in Antarctica, during the 1478:

Personnel of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition

1333:

on 23 November, Shackleton himself receiving a

1217:

On 29 October 1908, Shackleton and three companions—

5669:

Journal of the Orders & Medals Research Society

4206: 4167: 4080: 4068: 3177: 3094: 3010:"Historical figures: Ernest Shackleton (1874–1922)" 2942: 12564:Fellows of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society 8537:Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs 8087: 8050: 8006: 7971: 7859: 7800: 7751: 7725: 7702: 7641: 7591: 7565: 7523: 7507: 7477: 7451: 7419: 7396: 7314:"RCEWA – Sir Ernest Shackleton's Medal Miniatures" 6414: 6402:. New York: George H. Doran Company. p. viii. 4308:"Explorers' century-old whisky found in Antarctic" 2892: 2624:Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO), 1909 2405:In 1983, the BBC produced a four-part miniseries, 1919:Chilean government and was offered the use of the 811: 7384: 6667:"Reliving Shackleton's Epic Endurance Expedition" 6620:from the original on 19 October 2014 – via 5054: 5052: 1636:was directed by the First Lord of the Admiralty, 1625:; shared equally, twenty-eight men on each ship. 1281: 854:, and had been many years in preparation. Led by 30:"Shackleton" redirects here. For other uses, see 12544:Collection of the Scott Polar Research Institute 12490: 8034:Shackleton's Last Voyage: the Story of the Quest 7700: 6732:"Shackleton - Emmy Awards, Nominations and Wins" 4740:"Funding: Plan to cross the Antarctic continent" 4564:"The race to the South Pole: Scott and Amundsen" 3937: 2873: 2162:, Macklin concluded that the cause of death was 1721:, known on this mission for his perilous shots. 317: 12584:Liberal Unionist Party parliamentary candidates 12534:British Army personnel of the Russian Civil War 6835:. Associated Newspapers Limited. Archived from 6288:"Leadership: Sir Ernest Shackleton – 1874-1922" 5646:(Supplement). 24 September 1918. p. 11408. 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 2649:, with emblem for Mentions in Dispatches (1919) 1116: 603:marking Shackleton's home at 12 Westwood Hill, 7701:Morrell, Margot; Capparell, Stephanie (2001). 7308: 7306: 6395: 5900: 5049: 2853: 2456:in the title role. Broadcast in the US on the 2069:Film fragment from 1922: Sir Ernest Shackleton 1925:, a small seagoing tug from the Chilean Navy. 1588:, would take a supporting party under Captain 1464:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1914–1917 1199:stopped by ice 16 miles (26 km) north of 1047:, himself an explorer and later a politician. 658:ancestry, following the 1882 assassination by 188:, South Georgia, Falkland Islands Dependencies 11885: 8764: 8215: 8191: 7972:Shackleton, Jonathan; MacKenna, John (2002). 7891: 5390: 5356: 5329: 5314: 5243: 5228: 5213: 5198: 5183: 5168: 4723: 4611: 2554:in January 2016 to mark the centenary of the 2047: 1686:, who was also an able banjo player. Surgeon 1662:While Shackleton led the expedition, Captain 1341:, a significant honour for British mariners. 7498: 7350: 6359: 6273: 6009: 5982: 5876: 5789: 5772: 5513: 5344: 4864: 4828: 4816: 4792: 4490: 4460: 4408: 4376: 4339: 3979: 3961: 3949: 3925: 3803: 3644: 3545: 3509: 3264: 3124: 2953: 1989:in France, and was by now drinking heavily. 1301:, 6 October 1909, captioned "The South Pole" 611:Shackleton was born on 15 February 1874, in 573:had written in a preface to his 1922 memoir 541:and ultimately the South Atlantic island of 12609:Recipients of the Cullum Geographical Medal 12589:Officers of the Order of the British Empire 7821: 7795: 7547:Ernest Shackleton: Gripped By The Antarctic 7303: 6738:. Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. 5801: 4538: 4248: 4161: 4137: 4125: 4110: 4098: 4042: 4030: 3973: 3224:Photo Album of the Irish (supported by the 2919: 2886: 2818:, a research ship formerly operated by the 962:Scott's account of the southern journey in 444:(15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922) was an 11892: 11878: 8771: 8757: 8222: 8208: 8161: 8132: 7946: 7417: 6794:"Shackleton's biscuit fetches tasty price" 6697: 6564: 6535: 6523: 6499: 6416:"Twentieth-Century Man Against Antarctica" 6371: 5933: 5901:Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (12 January 2016). 5837:The Secret Life of Harry Grindell Matthews 5762:(Supplement). 15 March 1921. p. 2187. 5441: 4626: 3557: 3485: 3112: 2738: 2393:Shackleton (centre) with fellow explorers 2033:Officer of the Order of the British Empire 591: 565:, one of Shackleton's contemporaries, Sir 282:Officer of the Order of the British Empire 73: 27:Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer (1874–1922) 12559:Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society 7644:Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage 7391: 6412: 6228: 5959: 5888: 5585: 5537: 5525: 5465: 5058: 4995: 4954: 4852: 4768: 3998:inflation figures are based on data from 3137: 3135: 3133: 2977:For an account of McNish's "mutiny", see 2866: 2595: 2366:The Centre for Leadership Studies at the 2336:Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage 2278:Shackleton's death marked the end of the 1807:, 346 miles (557 km) from where the 1329:Expedition shore party received a silver 1168:—which he had briefly visited in 1902 on 623:. Shackleton's father was descended from 451:who led three British expeditions to the 11829:Pole of Inaccessibility research station 8117:Works by Ernest Shackleton in eBook form 7518: 6825:Hooton, Christopher (15 February 2011). 6473: 6396:Cherry-Garrard, Aspley (December 1922). 6102: 5940:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 5861: 5818: 5752: 5740: 5730:(Supplement). 8 June 1920. p. 6456. 5720: 5710:(Supplement). 30 May 1919. p. 6975. 5700: 5655: 5653: 5636: 5624: 5609: 5597: 5573: 5561: 5489: 5453: 5258: 5131: 4804: 4780: 4599: 4526: 4514: 4502: 4475: 4445: 4420: 4388: 4351: 4260: 4054: 3842: 3827: 3815: 3774: 3709: 3617: 3465: 3453: 3441: 3424: 3400: 3383: 3297: 3276: 3252: 3171: 3069: 2986: 2978: 2936: 2388: 2240: 2146: 2057: 1897: 1825: 1776: 1706:, physicist Reginald James, a carpenter 1605:donated £24,000, Midlands industrialist 1481: 1387: 1290: 1258: 1129: 1080:, were published in the RGS newsletter, 977: 973: 824: 693: 689: 595: 12549:Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order 11404:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition 8085: 8071: 8009:Cherry: A life of Apsley Cherry-Garrard 8001: 7854: 7746: 7723: 7636: 7594:Ice story: Shackleton's lost expedition 7544: 7472: 7228: 7144: 6923: 6890: 6511: 6413:Priestley, Raymond (1 September 1956). 6383: 5501: 5477: 5424: 5405: 5156: 5132:Whitelaw, Stella (2000). "Mrs Chippy". 5089: 5043: 5031: 5019: 5007: 4983: 4966: 4912: 4711: 4680: 4236: 4149: 3902: 3890: 3878: 3866: 3854: 3750: 3692: 3656: 3632: 3593: 3521: 3497: 3412: 3309: 3190:"Sir Ernest Shackleton: His Early Life" 2419:as Frank Wild. Originally broadcast on 2374:, a "Shackleton School" was set up on " 2340:treatment of him in his dual biography 2334: 2192:cemetery, after a short service in the 1278:which had discovered the lost spirits. 775:in 1899, Shackleton transferred to the 14: 12499:Military personnel from County Kildare 12491: 8041: 7990: 7949:"The Story of Shackleton's Expedition" 7586: 7377:from the original on 13 November 2023. 7362: 7191: 7159:from the original on 24 February 2022. 6990: 6891:Debelle, Penelope (11 February 2013). 6824: 6285: 6259:. 17 June 1923. Book Reviews, page 5. 6174: 5830: 5659: 5630: 5304:from the original on 10 December 2023. 4550: 3762: 3733: 3721: 3605: 3581: 3569: 3351: 3130: 1729:There was a (male) cat onboard, named 1311:Commander of the Royal Victorian Order 1309:on 10 July 1909, and raised to a 274:Commander of the Royal Victorian Order 12539:British Army personnel of World War I 11873: 10548: 8790: 8778: 8752: 8203: 8190: 8078:Endurance: An Epic of Polar Adventure 7974:Shackleton: An Irishman in Antarctica 7781:, Joanna Wright. London: Bloomsbury. 7678: 7612: 7563: 7449: 7440: 7113: 7095:from the original on 28 November 2016 7077: 6956: 6872:from the original on 24 February 2022 6857: 6664: 6547: 6486:from the original on 29 January 2020. 6347: 6298:from the original on 17 February 2024 6263:from the original on 29 January 2024. 6117: 5650: 5291: 5136:. Michael O'Mara Books. p. 131. 5113:from the original on 19 November 2022 4840: 4750:from the original on 5 September 2015 4668: 4650:from the original on 10 February 2024 4288:from the original on 12 December 2010 4224: 4212: 4200: 4173: 3999: 3786: 3680: 3668: 3533: 3220:"Album: Shackleton // County Kildare" 3100: 2860: 2495:(named for the project's patron: the 2290:. A statue of Shackleton designed by 1793:finally slipped beneath the surface. 840:British National Antarctic Expedition 788:British National Antarctic Expedition 786:was the main financial backer of the 12466: 8728: 8027: 7842:from the original on 22 January 2024 7664: 7297: 7261: 7065:from the original on 21 January 2024 7005:from the original on 21 January 2024 6972:from the original on 21 January 2024 6905:from the original on 21 January 2024 6712:from the original on 3 February 2024 6455:from the original on 2 February 2024 6329:from the original on 6 December 2021 6316: 6205: 6081:from the original on 8 February 2023 6057: 5994: 5549: 4936:from the original on 9 February 2023 4890:from the original on 9 February 2024 4693:from the original on 24 January 2024 4681:Schultz, Colin (10 September 2013). 4086: 4074: 3366: 3234:from the original on 24 January 2022 3038: 2846: 2637:with three clasps (1904, 1909, 1917) 2600: 2266: 2011: 1815: 1740: 1371:wrote, in a letter to RGS Secretary 11901:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition 11190:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition 9387:Norse colonization of North America 8178:Works by or about Ernest Shackleton 7772: 7572:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7370:The Heraldry Society of New Zealand 7255: 6957:Brice, Rebecca (11 February 2013). 6665:Smith, K. Annabelle (21 May 2012). 6578:"Shackleton Museum - Autumn School" 5059:Kimmelman, Michael (9 April 1999). 3369:, pp. 24, 72–80, 104–115, 150. 3200:from the original on 5 January 2024 2643:for service in the Great War (1919) 2452:depicting the 1914 expedition with 2280:Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration 2226:Royal Canadian Geographical Society 2024:under the command of Major-General 1845:(6.1 m) lifeboats, christened 1534: Planned trans-Antarctic route 1488:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1470:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1190:christened it the "Bay of Whales". 1037:Royal Scottish Geographical Society 643:, which have never been recovered. 525:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition 496:latitude of 88°23′ S, only 97 457:Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration 92:Royal Scottish Geographical Society 24: 12594:People educated at Dulwich College 10719:United States Exploring Expedition 7959:from the original on 30 March 2023 7947:Shackleton, Ernest (2 June 1916). 7530:. London: Hodder & Stoughton. 7126:from the original on 12 April 2020 7114:Gayle, Damien (29 December 2015). 6938:from the original on 12 April 2021 6924:Hartman, Darrell (12 July 2017) . 6742:from the original on 22 March 2023 6705:American Museum of Natural History 6474:Sullivan, Walter (19 April 1959). 6241:from the original on 13 June 2024. 6218:from the original on 12 June 2024. 6126:from the original on 21 April 2021 5675:(3). OMRS: 188–199. Archived from 5273:from the original on 13 March 2022 4274:"My South Polar Expedition (1910)" 3915:from the original on 12 June 2018. 3903:Dalyell, Tam (24 September 1994). 3333:from the original on 31 March 2023 3082:from the original on 11 March 2022 3051:from the original on 31 March 2022 3020:from the original on 27 April 2020 2733:Coat of arms of Ernest Shackleton 2432:American Museum of Natural History 2212:In June 2024, wreck hunters found 1979: 1670:and Captain Aeneas Mackintosh the 1609:gave £10,000, and tobacco heiress 1164:out winter quarters at either the 941:, that he had been carried on the 25: 12655: 11793:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station 11161:Australasian Antarctic Expedition 8110: 7976:. University of Wisconsin Press. 7671:The Life of Sir Ernest Shackleton 7332:from the original on 9 March 2022 7243:from the original on 6 March 2019 7145:Siggins, Lorna (30 August 2016). 6774:from the original on 3 March 2016 6698:O'Dowd, Clare (6 February 2019). 6679:from the original on 6 March 2016 6646:from the original on 1 March 2017 6175:Lusher, Adam (27 November 2011). 6118:Moore, Matthew (11 August 2010). 6035:from the original on 11 June 2016 5915:from the original on 31 July 2020 5833:"Experiments with early wireless" 5660:Wright, Damien (September 2017). 5259:Pitofsky, Marina (9 March 2022). 4430:. 23 November 1909. p. 8665. 4398:. 24 December 1909. p. 9763. 3323:"Ancestry & Irish connection" 3153:from the original on 25 June 2022 2916:Australasian Antarctic Expedition 2348:poll conducted to determine the " 2268:The Life of Sir Ernest Shackleton 504:or 180 kilometres) from the 12639:Irish officers in the Royal Navy 12465: 12454: 12453: 11687:Amundsen's South Pole expedition 11080:Amundsen's South Pole expedition 8727: 8718: 8717: 8477: 8147: 7997:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 7934:from the original on 14 May 2013 7648:. New York: Carroll & Graf. 7356: 7222: 7185: 7177:. 31 August 2016. Archived from 7163: 7138: 7107: 7047: 7017: 6984: 6950: 6917: 6884: 6851: 6818: 6786: 6754: 6724: 6691: 6658: 6628: 6600: 6570: 6467: 6406: 6389: 6310: 6279: 6245: 6222: 6199: 6168: 6156:from the original on 3 June 2023 6138: 6063: 6015: 5927: 5894: 5824: 5746: 5714: 5694: 5285: 5252: 5125: 5095: 5071:from the original on 27 May 2015 4918: 4870: 4732: 4674: 4632: 4574:from the original on 10 May 2023 4556: 3070:Fountain, Henry (9 March 2022). 2959: 2540:family was published in 2013 as 2333:In April 1959, Alfred Lansing's 2307:In the preface to his 1922 book 2018:North Russia Expeditionary Force 1067:(later Lord Invernairn), with a 790:then being organised in London. 350: 338: 319: 300: 12509:20th-century Anglo-Irish people 7822:Riffenburgh, Beau, ed. (2006). 7426:. London: Hambledon Continuum. 7229:Sommers, Michael (2 May 2015). 6858:Marks, Kathy (2 January 2013). 6806:from the original on 8 May 2017 6286:Taylor, Megan (December 2008). 6229:Hennessey, Ted (12 June 2024). 6206:Amos, Jonathan (12 June 2024). 5934:Calder, Ian; Till, Jan (2016). 4414: 4382: 4345: 4300: 4266: 4048: 3896: 3459: 3315: 3212: 3039:Amos, Jonathan (9 March 2022). 2831:near the south pole of the Moon 2631:(OBE), Military Division (1919) 1566: 1051:unsuccessfully standing in the 207: 8229: 8037:. London: Cassell and Company. 7898:. London: Century Publishing. 7866:. London: Chatham Publishing. 7758:. London: Constable & Co. 7724:Perkins, Dennis N. T. (2000). 7484:. Hodder & Stoughton Ltd. 7418:Barczewski, Stephanie (2007). 7385:General and cited bibliography 7363:Barnes, Roger (13 July 2015). 7262:Hall, Sam (16 February 2024). 7192:McPhee, Ryan (14 April 2017). 6991:Austin, Nigel (3 March 2013). 6317:Obel, Michael A. (June 2002). 4930:Scott Polar Research Institute 4064:. 9 August 1907. p. 5447. 3063: 3032: 3002: 2310:The Worst Journey in the World 1515: Sea ice drift after the 1383: 1286: 1282:Between expeditions, 1909–1914 586: 576:The Worst Journey in the World 13: 1: 12629:Royal Naval Reserve personnel 12614:Recipients of the Polar Medal 11066:Japanese Antarctic Expedition 11001:Scottish Antarctic Expedition 10549: 8130:Biodiversity Heritage Library 7825:Encyclopedia of the Antarctic 7686:. Whitby: Caedmon of Whitby. 7441:Byrne, James Patrick (2008). 7198:Begins Off-Broadway April 14" 6319:"God's Remarkable Providence" 4361:. 16 July 1909. p. 5461. 3475:. 11 June 1901. p. 3926. 2841: 2702:, 3rd Class, of Russia (1910) 1781:Shackleton after the loss of 288:Polar Medal with three clasps 12644:20th-century Irish explorers 11423:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions 11239:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition 11045:French Antarctic Expeditions 10975:Swedish Antarctic Expedition 10861:Belgian Antarctic Expedition 8979:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition 7994:The Voyages of Captain Scott 7892:Shackleton, Ernest (1982) . 7887:. London: William Heinemann. 7674:. London: William Heinemann. 7545:Johnson, Rebecca L. (2003). 7510:Shackleton and the Antarctic 7055:"Shackletonia - Search Page" 5540:, pp. 166–169, 182–185. 4883:International Herald Tribune 4744:National Library of Scotland 4644:National Library of Scotland 3938:Morrell & Capparell 2001 2996: 2874:Morrell & Capparell 2001 2115:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition 2054:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition 1628:Despite the outbreak of the 1295:Caricature of Shackleton in 1078:British Antarctic Expedition 1012:Swedish Antarctic Expedition 607:, London Borough of Lewisham 547:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition 7: 12529:Antarctic expedition deaths 10508:Nuclear-powered icebreakers 10187:Austro-Hungarian Expedition 9052:Andrée's balloon expedition 8146:(public domain audiobooks) 8086:Worsley, Frank A. (1999) . 8057:. London: Blandford Press. 7913:Shackleton, Ernest (1919). 7881:Shackleton, Ernest (1909). 7598:. New York: Clarion Books. 6071:"The End of the Heroic Era" 3905:"Obituary: Lord Shackleton" 2784: 2774:Order of the British Empire 2694:Order of the Crown of Italy 2629:Order of the British Empire 2548:series of UK postage stamps 2323:British Science Association 2073:Shackleton returned to the 964:The Voyage of the Discovery 939:The Voyage of the Discovery 698:Shackleton in 1901, aged 27 668:Chief Secretary for Ireland 563:British Science Association 425:Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton 32:Shackleton (disambiguation) 10: 12660: 12599:People from County Kildare 9709:Franklin's lost expedition 9409:Christian IV's expeditions 8791: 8169:Works by Ernest Shackleton 8155:Works by Ernest Shackleton 8140:Works by Ernest Shackleton 8126:Works by Ernest Shackleton 7884:The Heart of the Antarctic 7196:Ernest Shackleton Loves Me 6802:. AFP. 30 September 2011. 4188:The Heart of the Antarctic 3147:Kent Archaelogical Society 2902:The Heart of the Antarctic 2567:Ernest Shackleton Loves Me 2518:Shackleton: Death or Glory 2251:Royal Geographical Society 2135:When the party arrived in 2051: 2048:Final expedition and death 1968:in McMurdo Sound when the 1819: 1467: 1254:The Heart of the Antarctic 1123: 896:. Confined to the iced-in 852:Royal Geographical Society 846:Expedition after the ship 818: 29: 12569:Irish Antarctic explorers 12448: 12224: 12047: 12038: 11957: 11907: 11526: 11257: 10844: 10584: 10561: 10557: 10544: 10063:Great Northern Expedition 9957: 9739:Rae–Richardson expedition 9488: 9333: 8939:British Arctic Expedition 8831: 8803: 8799: 8786: 8713: 8666: 8565: 8529: 8486: 8475: 8430: 8379: 8302: 8237: 8197: 8192:Links to related articles 8090:Shackleton's Boat Journey 8013:. London: Jonathan Cape. 7773:Rex, Tamiko, ed. (2001). 7514:. James Barrie Books Ltd. 7458:. London: HarperCollins. 5831:Foster, Jonathan (2008). 2772:(CVO) and Officer of the 2505:Thomas Mercer chronometer 2468:in March 2005 was named " 2231: 2171:("hole in the heart"), a 1933:, and the British whaler 1893: 1822:Voyage of the James Caird 1763:became frozen fast in an 706:officer cadetship in the 418: 397: 371: 363: 333: 313: 308: 296: 260: 250: 239: 217: 192: 175: 171:, County Kildare, Ireland 151: 146: 142: 132: 127:Frederick Marshman Bailey 120: 98: 88: 84: 72: 41: 12634:Members of Trinity House 11347:British Antarctic Survey 11341:Captain Arturo Prat Base 10586:Antarctic/Southern Ocean 8387:Antarctic/Southern Ocean 7991:Turley, Charles (1914). 7549:. Twenty-First Century. 7443:Ireland and the Americas 7351:Fisher & Fisher 1957 7175:shackletonexhibition.com 6482:. Book Reviews, page 7. 6360:Fisher & Fisher 1957 6274:Fisher & Fisher 1957 6010:Fisher & Fisher 1957 5983:Fisher & Fisher 1957 5952:10.1177/0141076815624423 5877:Fisher & Fisher 1957 5790:Fisher & Fisher 1957 5773:Fisher & Fisher 1957 5514:Fisher & Fisher 1957 5345:Fisher & Fisher 1957 4865:Fisher & Fisher 1957 4829:Fisher & Fisher 1957 4817:Fisher & Fisher 1957 4793:Fisher & Fisher 1957 4491:Fisher & Fisher 1957 4461:Fisher & Fisher 1957 4409:Fisher & Fisher 1957 4377:Fisher & Fisher 1957 4340:Fisher & Fisher 1957 4278:Australian Screen Online 3962:Fisher & Fisher 1957 3950:Fisher & Fisher 1957 3926:Fisher & Fisher 1957 3804:Fisher & Fisher 1957 3645:Fisher & Fisher 1957 3546:Fisher & Fisher 1957 3510:Fisher & Fisher 1957 3265:Fisher & Fisher 1957 3125:Fisher & Fisher 1957 2954:Fisher & Fisher 1957 2820:British Antarctic Survey 2328: 2236: 1710:, and a biologist named 1682:. The meteorologist was 1561: Supply depot route 1276:Antarctic Heritage Trust 664:Lord Frederick Cavendish 12554:Explorers of Antarctica 11823:Pole of inaccessibility 11486:Antarctic Treaty System 9827:2nd Grinnell expedition 8081:. London: Philip Allen. 7953:The Manchester Guardian 7365:"Sir Ernest Shackleton" 6292:Naval Historical Review 6150:womenofeastbourne.co.uk 6146:"Lady Emily Shackleton" 4568:Royal Museums Greenwich 4000:Clark, Gregory (2017). 2727: 2673:Order of the Polar Star 2499:), period clothing (by 2296:Kensington headquarters 2292:Charles Sargeant Jagger 2173:congenital heart defect 2158:After carrying out the 2126:Harry Grindell Matthews 2037:mentioned in despatches 1956:suffered these perils, 1945:and after some days to 1929:, commanded by Captain 1657: 1632:on 3 August 1914, 1187:Union Steamship Company 1092:Philip Lee Brocklehurst 1025:, the president of the 872:departed from London's 592:Childhood and education 553:cemetery. The wreck of 278:Member 4th Class: 1907) 156:Ernest Henry Shackleton 12514:20th-century explorers 7928:British Film Institute 7807:. London: Bloomsbury. 7620:. New York: Scribner. 7588:Kimmel, Elizabeth Cody 7454:Scott of the Antarctic 7403:. London: Bloomsbury. 5292:AlexW (9 March 2022). 4729:, preface, pp. xii–xv. 2713:Order of Merit (Chile) 2706:Royal Crown of Prussia 2666:Order of the Dannebrog 2596:Awards and decorations 2560:Kildare County Council 2472:" in his memory. At a 2415:in the title role and 2402: 2253: 2155: 2151:Shackleton's grave at 2070: 1915: 1841: 1785: 1593:across the continent. 1563: 1397: 1302: 1267: 1149:On 7 August 1907, the 1146: 1057:Liberal Unionist Party 986: 835: 784:Llewellyn W. Longstaff 699: 648:Trinity College Dublin 608: 138:William Lachlan Forbes 11493:Transglobe Expedition 11392:Operation Deep Freeze 10801:Challenger expedition 9667:Coppermine expedition 9188:Drifting ice stations 7450:Crane, David (2005). 6762:"(289586) Shackleton" 4932:. 16 September 2021. 2770:Royal Victorian Order 2621:(MVO 4th Class), 1907 2619:Royal Victorian Order 2392: 2315:Apsley Cherry-Garrard 2245:Shackleton statue by 2244: 2224:by a team led by the 2150: 2068: 1964:had been stranded at 1901: 1829: 1780: 1552: Retreat of the 1485: 1391: 1319:Sir Ernest Shackleton 1294: 1265: 1133: 1120:Expedition, 1907–1909 1111:Royal Victorian Order 1053:1906 General Election 981: 974:Shore work, 1903–1907 828: 815:Expedition, 1901–1903 697: 690:Merchant Navy officer 599: 571:Apsley Cherry-Garrard 18:Sir Ernest Shackleton 12001:McDonald Ice Rumples 7709:. New York: Viking. 7568:The Last Great Quest 7322:Arts Council England 7061:. Species Fungorum. 6642:. 28 February 2017. 6582:ShackletonMuseum.com 6075:South Georgia Museum 5936:"Shackleton's heart" 5552:, pp. 237, 239. 5456:, pp. 475, 656. 5294:"Endurance is Found" 5109:. 26 February 2002. 4886:. 15 November 2014. 3194:ErnestShackleton.net 2762:Fortitudine Vincimus 2659:Foreign decorations: 2647:Allied Victory Medal 2606:British decorations: 2590:Anne, Princess Royal 2497:Alexandra Shackleton 2368:University of Exeter 2350:100 Greatest Britons 2294:was unveiled at the 2222:Newfoundland, Canada 2169:atrial septal defect 1611:Janet Stancomb-Wills 1540: Voyage of the 1525: Voyage of the 1494: Voyage of the 1442:William Speirs Bruce 1174:King Edward VII Land 1083:Geographical Journal 920:Carsten Borchgrevink 821:Discovery Expedition 796:Sir Clements Markham 581:100 Greatest Britons 533:, became trapped in 483:Edward Adrian Wilson 367:1901–1904, 1917–1919 12619:Royal Navy officers 11663:South magnetic pole 10329:Brusilov expedition 9438:Danish colonization 8876:North magnetic pole 8700:Robert Falcon Scott 8357:South magnetic pole 8315:Antarctic Peninsula 8310:Biogeographic realm 8094:. London: Pimlico. 7564:Jones, Max (2003). 7393:Alexander, Caroline 7276:on 18 February 2024 7181:on 10 January 2017. 7059:speciesfungorum.org 6767:Minor Planet Center 6567:, pp. 294–295. 6433:1956Natur.178..463P 6362:, pp. 486–487. 6350:, pp. 295–296. 6187:on 28 November 2011 6012:, pp. 481–483. 5997:, pp. 278–279. 5879:, pp. 476–478. 5792:, pp. 441–446. 5775:, pp. 439–440. 5743:, pp. 671–672. 5627:, pp. 661–663. 5612:, pp. 658–659. 5564:, pp. 634–641. 5528:, pp. 202–203. 5504:, pp. 211–212. 5362:, pp. 121–122. 4867:, pp. 324–325. 4831:, pp. 311–315. 4783:, pp. 375–377. 4529:, pp. 323–326. 4505:, pp. 351–352. 4493:, pp. 284–285. 4463:, pp. 242–243. 4448:, pp. 298–299. 4164:, pp. 185–186. 4140:, pp. 157–167. 4128:, pp. 151–153. 4113:, pp. 143–144. 4101:, pp. 110–116. 3845:, pp. 124–128. 3818:, pp. 119–120. 3777:, pp. 114–118. 3712:, pp. 143–144. 3695:, pp. 101–102. 3671:, pp. 214–215. 3584:, pp. 115–118. 3536:, pp. 171–172. 3327:James Caird Society 3279:, pp. 227–228. 2863:, pp. 214–215) 2734: 2700:Order of Saint Anna 2442:in the UK produced 2261:, London, at which 2259:St Paul's Cathedral 2099:, which he renamed 2093:John Quiller Rowett 1607:Frank Dudley Docker 1505: Drift of the 1088:South Magnetic Pole 1061:Dundee constituency 856:Robert Falcon Scott 806:Royal Naval Reserve 759:In 1898, he joined 472:Robert Falcon Scott 244:Kathleen Shackleton 11354:Operation Windmill 11335:Operation Highjump 10310:Rusanov expedition 10215:A. E. Nordenskiöld 9959:North East Passage 9763:McClure expedition 8638:Telecommunications 8552:Territorial claims 7638:Lansing, Alfred M. 7236:The New York Times 7091:. 8 October 2015. 6964:ABC News Australia 6480:The New York Times 6257:The New York Times 6077:. 31 August 2021. 5843:on 22 January 2016 5759:The London Gazette 5727:The London Gazette 5707:The London Gazette 5643:The London Gazette 5065:The New York Times 4900:The New York Times 4687:SmithsonianMag.com 4617:, preface, p. vii. 4478:, p. 314–315. 4427:The London Gazette 4395:The London Gazette 4358:The London Gazette 4318:on 9 February 2010 4191:, p. 347–348. 4061:The London Gazette 3996:Retail Price Index 3472:The London Gazette 3076:The New York Times 2732: 2708:, 3rd Class (1911) 2571:Tony Kiser Theater 2509:Chasing Shackleton 2403: 2342:Scott and Amundsen 2254: 2156: 2124:system created by 2071: 1916: 1906:in April 1916 was 1842: 1836:from the shore of 1786: 1755:, she encountered 1680:Lionel Greenstreet 1564: 1398: 1303: 1268: 1147: 1134:South Pole party: 987: 982:Shackleton's wife 836: 834:in Antarctic water 700: 660:Irish nationalists 641:Irish Crown Jewels 625:Abraham Shackleton 609: 498:geographical miles 449:Antarctic explorer 364:Service years 79:Shackleton in 1904 12504:Ernest Shackleton 12486: 12485: 12480: 12479: 12444: 12443: 11867: 11866: 11863: 11862: 11859: 11858: 11321:Operation Tabarin 11183:Far Eastern Party 11029:Nimrod Expedition 10540: 10539: 10536: 10535: 10099:M. Pronchishcheva 10021:Siberian Cossacks 9490:Northwest Passage 8823:Research stations 8780:Polar exploration 8746: 8745: 8705:Ernest Shackleton 8633:Research stations 8578:Antarctic English 8547:National programs 8542:Military activity 8516:COVID-19 pandemic 8473: 8472: 8342:Floristic Kingdom 8247:Antarctic sea ice 8173:Project Gutenberg 8101:978-0-7126-6574-2 8073:Worsley, Frank A. 8043:Wilson, Edward A. 8020:978-0-224-05004-3 7983:978-0-299-18620-3 7873:978-1-86176-149-1 7835:978-0-415-97024-2 7814:978-0-7475-7254-1 7797:Riffenburgh, Beau 7788:978-0-7475-5719-7 7765:978-0-09-476380-7 7739:978-0-8144-0543-7 7716:978-0-670-89196-2 7693:978-0-905355-48-1 7666:Mill, Hugh Robert 7655:978-0-7867-0621-1 7627:978-1-5011-7444-5 7605:978-0-395-91524-0 7579:978-0-19-280483-9 7556:978-0-87614-920-1 7491:978-0-340-82697-3 7465:978-0-00-715068-7 7433:978-1-84725-192-3 6966:: The World Today 6427:(4531): 463–470. 6028:The Barrier Miner 5682:on 3 October 2017 5427:, pp. 95–99. 5300:(press release). 5234:, pp. 75–76. 5219:, pp. 63–66. 5189:, pp. 29–30. 5143:978-1-85479-541-0 4714:, pp. 10–13. 4203:, pp. 82–86. 3928:, pp. 97–98. 3806:, pp. 78–80. 3608:, pp. 79–80. 3560:, pp. 30–31. 3512:, pp. 19–20. 3444:, pp. 25–30. 3427:, pp. 20–23. 3403:, pp. 13–18. 2847:Explanatory notes 2815:Ernest Shackleton 2809:, named after him 2782: 2781: 2768:Commander of the 2724: 2723: 2680:Order of St. Olav 2668:of Denmark (1909) 2641:British War Medal 2586:Westminster Abbey 2565:The musical play 2523:Discovery Channel 2521:elsewhere on the 2470:289586 Shackleton 2319:Raymond Priestley 2220:off the coast of 2066: 2022:Russian Civil War 2012:Russian Civil War 1952:At the same time 1816:Open-boat journey 1753:navigating in ice 1696:Alexander Macklin 1638:Winston Churchill 1623:crew of fifty-six 1590:Aeneas Mackintosh 1373:John Scott Keltie 1356:Evening Telegraph 1263: 1231:Beardmore Glacier 1157:Lyttelton Harbour 1126:Nimrod Expedition 1069:roving commission 1065:William Beardmore 1059:'s candidate for 1016:Otto Nordenskjöld 933:and, ultimately, 903:South Polar Times 894:Great Ice Barrier 886:Hartley T. Ferrar 761:Union-Castle Line 718:mercantile marine 567:Raymond Priestley 422: 421: 410:Russian Civil War 89:Secretary of the 48:Ernest Shackleton 16:(Redirected from 12651: 12579:Knights Bachelor 12574:Irish Freemasons 12473: 12469: 12468: 12461: 12457: 12456: 12437: 12430: 12423: 12416: 12409: 12402: 12395: 12388: 12379: 12372: 12365: 12358: 12351: 12344: 12337: 12330: 12323: 12316: 12309: 12302: 12295: 12288: 12281: 12274: 12267: 12260: 12253: 12246: 12239: 12217: 12210: 12205: 12198: 12191: 12184: 12177: 12170: 12163: 12158: 12149: 12144: 12139: 12134: 12127: 12122: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12045: 12044: 12031: 12024: 12017: 12010: 12003: 11996: 11989: 11982: 11975: 11968: 11948: 11941: 11931: 11921: 11894: 11887: 11880: 11871: 11870: 11368:Ronne Expedition 10853: 10847: 10711:Dumont d'Urville 10559: 10558: 10546: 10545: 10094:V. Pronchishchev 8801: 8800: 8788: 8787: 8773: 8766: 8759: 8750: 8749: 8731: 8730: 8721: 8720: 8695:James Clark Ross 8667:Famous explorers 8481: 8300: 8299: 8224: 8217: 8210: 8201: 8200: 8188: 8187: 8182:Internet Archive 8165: 8151: 8150: 8136: 8105: 8093: 8082: 8068: 8056: 8038: 8024: 8012: 7998: 7987: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7943: 7941: 7939: 7909: 7888: 7877: 7865: 7851: 7849: 7847: 7818: 7806: 7792: 7769: 7757: 7743: 7731: 7720: 7708: 7697: 7675: 7659: 7647: 7631: 7609: 7597: 7583: 7571: 7560: 7541: 7529: 7520:Huntford, Roland 7515: 7513: 7495: 7483: 7474:Fiennes, Ranulph 7469: 7457: 7446: 7437: 7425: 7414: 7402: 7379: 7378: 7360: 7354: 7348: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7331: 7318: 7310: 7301: 7295: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7272:. Archived from 7259: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7226: 7220: 7219: 7217: 7215: 7210:on 24 April 2017 7206:. Archived from 7189: 7183: 7182: 7167: 7161: 7160: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7111: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7081: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7051: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7031:. Archived from 7021: 7015: 7014: 7012: 7010: 6988: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6954: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6943: 6921: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6888: 6882: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6855: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6844: 6822: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6790: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6758: 6752: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6728: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6695: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6662: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6651: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6604: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6593: 6584:. Archived from 6574: 6568: 6562: 6551: 6545: 6539: 6533: 6527: 6521: 6515: 6509: 6503: 6497: 6488: 6487: 6471: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6441:10.1038/178463a0 6418: 6410: 6404: 6403: 6393: 6387: 6381: 6375: 6369: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6314: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6303: 6283: 6277: 6271: 6265: 6264: 6249: 6243: 6242: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6203: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6183:. Archived from 6172: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6142: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6115: 6106: 6100: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6067: 6061: 6055: 6049: 6048: 6042: 6040: 6019: 6013: 6007: 5998: 5992: 5986: 5980: 5974: 5973: 5963: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5898: 5892: 5886: 5880: 5874: 5865: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5839:. Archived from 5828: 5822: 5816: 5805: 5802:Riffenburgh 2006 5799: 5793: 5787: 5776: 5770: 5764: 5763: 5750: 5744: 5738: 5732: 5731: 5718: 5712: 5711: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5681: 5666: 5657: 5648: 5647: 5634: 5628: 5622: 5613: 5607: 5601: 5595: 5589: 5583: 5577: 5571: 5565: 5559: 5553: 5547: 5541: 5535: 5529: 5523: 5517: 5511: 5505: 5499: 5493: 5487: 5481: 5475: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5439: 5428: 5422: 5409: 5403: 5397: 5388: 5382: 5372: 5363: 5354: 5348: 5342: 5336: 5327: 5321: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5256: 5250: 5241: 5235: 5226: 5220: 5211: 5205: 5196: 5190: 5181: 5175: 5166: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5099: 5093: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5056: 5047: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5023: 5017: 5011: 5005: 4999: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4970: 4964: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4922: 4916: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4897: 4895: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4856: 4850: 4844: 4838: 4832: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4736: 4730: 4721: 4715: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4678: 4672: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4636: 4630: 4624: 4618: 4609: 4603: 4597: 4588: 4587: 4581: 4579: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4539:Riffenburgh 2004 4536: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4512: 4506: 4500: 4494: 4488: 4479: 4473: 4464: 4458: 4449: 4443: 4432: 4431: 4418: 4412: 4406: 4400: 4399: 4386: 4380: 4374: 4363: 4362: 4349: 4343: 4337: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4249:Riffenburgh 2004 4246: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4165: 4162:Riffenburgh 2004 4159: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4138:Riffenburgh 2004 4135: 4129: 4126:Riffenburgh 2004 4123: 4114: 4111:Riffenburgh 2004 4108: 4102: 4099:Riffenburgh 2004 4096: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4052: 4046: 4043:Riffenburgh 2004 4040: 4034: 4031:Riffenburgh 2004 4028: 4019: 4018: 4016: 4014: 3992: 3977: 3974:Riffenburgh 2004 3971: 3965: 3959: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3900: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3831: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3801: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3737: 3731: 3725: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3696: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3621: 3615: 3609: 3603: 3597: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3445: 3439: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3387: 3381: 3370: 3364: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3186: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3139: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3067: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3006: 2990: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2946: 2940: 2929: 2923: 2920:Riffenburgh 2004 2912: 2906: 2896: 2890: 2887:Riffenburgh 2004 2883: 2877: 2870: 2864: 2857: 2835:Third man factor 2792:Aurora Australis 2742: 2735: 2731: 2689:of France (1909) 2687:Legion of Honour 2682:of Norway (1909) 2675:of Sweden (1909) 2601: 2288:memorial tablets 2273:Hugh Robert Mill 2067: 1910:by photographer 1883:on 20 May. 1861:Timothy McCarthy 1723:Perce Blackborow 1560: 1551: 1539: 1533: 1524: 1514: 1504: 1493: 1450:Wilhelm Filchner 1313:. He received a 1264: 1205: 882:Edward A. Wilson 874:East India Docks 443: 356: 354: 353: 344: 342: 341: 329: 325: 323: 322: 309:Military service 304: 211: 209: 182: 166:15 February 1874 165: 163: 147:Personal details 135: 123: 116: 114: 110: 103: 94: 77: 67: 39: 38: 21: 12659: 12658: 12654: 12653: 12652: 12650: 12649: 12648: 12489: 12488: 12487: 12482: 12481: 12476: 12464: 12452: 12440: 12433: 12426: 12419: 12412: 12405: 12398: 12391: 12384: 12375: 12368: 12361: 12354: 12347: 12340: 12333: 12326: 12319: 12312: 12305: 12298: 12291: 12284: 12277: 12270: 12263: 12256: 12249: 12242: 12235: 12220: 12213: 12208: 12201: 12194: 12187: 12180: 12173: 12166: 12161: 12153: 12152: 12147: 12142: 12137: 12130: 12125: 12118: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12088: 12083: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12034: 12027: 12020: 12013: 12006: 11999: 11994:King Haakon Bay 11992: 11987:Fortuna Glacier 11985: 11980:Elephant Island 11978: 11971: 11964: 11953: 11944: 11934: 11924: 11914: 11903: 11898: 11868: 11855: 11530: 11522: 11398:McMurdo Station 11267:Modern research 11265: 11253: 10988:O. Nordenskjöld 10851: 10845: 10840: 10756:Ross expedition 10580: 10553: 10532: 9961: 9953: 9494:Northern Canada 9492: 9484: 9337: 9329: 8835: 8827: 8795: 8782: 8777: 8747: 8742: 8709: 8679:Richard E. Byrd 8662: 8623:Protected areas 8561: 8525: 8482: 8469: 8426: 8380:Bodies of Water 8375: 8364:West Antarctica 8320:East Antarctica 8298: 8233: 8228: 8193: 8148: 8121:Standard Ebooks 8113: 8108: 8102: 8065: 8021: 7984: 7962: 7960: 7937: 7935: 7906: 7874: 7845: 7843: 7836: 7815: 7789: 7766: 7740: 7717: 7694: 7656: 7628: 7614:Koehn, Nancy F. 7606: 7580: 7557: 7538: 7500:Fisher, Margery 7492: 7466: 7434: 7411: 7387: 7382: 7361: 7357: 7349: 7345: 7335: 7333: 7329: 7316: 7312: 7311: 7304: 7296: 7289: 7279: 7277: 7269:The Independent 7260: 7256: 7246: 7244: 7227: 7223: 7213: 7211: 7190: 7186: 7169: 7168: 7164: 7152:The Irish Times 7143: 7139: 7129: 7127: 7112: 7108: 7098: 7096: 7083: 7082: 7078: 7068: 7066: 7053: 7052: 7048: 7038: 7036: 7035:on 12 July 2014 7023: 7022: 7018: 7008: 7006: 6989: 6985: 6975: 6973: 6955: 6951: 6941: 6939: 6931:The Daily Beast 6922: 6918: 6908: 6906: 6889: 6885: 6875: 6873: 6865:The Independent 6856: 6852: 6842: 6840: 6823: 6819: 6809: 6807: 6792: 6791: 6787: 6777: 6775: 6760: 6759: 6755: 6745: 6743: 6730: 6729: 6725: 6715: 6713: 6696: 6692: 6682: 6680: 6663: 6659: 6649: 6647: 6634: 6633: 6629: 6606: 6605: 6601: 6591: 6589: 6576: 6575: 6571: 6565:Barczewski 2007 6563: 6554: 6546: 6542: 6536:Barczewski 2007 6534: 6530: 6524:Barczewski 2007 6522: 6518: 6510: 6506: 6500:Barczewski 2007 6498: 6491: 6472: 6468: 6458: 6456: 6411: 6407: 6394: 6390: 6382: 6378: 6372:Barczewski 2007 6370: 6366: 6358: 6354: 6346: 6342: 6332: 6330: 6315: 6311: 6301: 6299: 6284: 6280: 6272: 6268: 6251: 6250: 6246: 6235:The Independent 6227: 6223: 6204: 6200: 6190: 6188: 6173: 6169: 6159: 6157: 6144: 6143: 6139: 6129: 6127: 6116: 6109: 6101: 6094: 6084: 6082: 6069: 6068: 6064: 6056: 6052: 6038: 6036: 6021: 6020: 6016: 6008: 6001: 5993: 5989: 5981: 5977: 5932: 5928: 5918: 5916: 5899: 5895: 5887: 5883: 5875: 5868: 5860: 5856: 5846: 5844: 5829: 5825: 5817: 5808: 5800: 5796: 5788: 5779: 5771: 5767: 5751: 5747: 5739: 5735: 5719: 5715: 5699: 5695: 5685: 5683: 5679: 5664: 5658: 5651: 5635: 5631: 5623: 5616: 5608: 5604: 5596: 5592: 5584: 5580: 5572: 5568: 5560: 5556: 5548: 5544: 5536: 5532: 5524: 5520: 5512: 5508: 5500: 5496: 5488: 5484: 5476: 5472: 5464: 5460: 5452: 5448: 5442:Barczewski 2007 5440: 5431: 5423: 5412: 5404: 5400: 5389: 5385: 5373: 5366: 5355: 5351: 5343: 5339: 5328: 5324: 5313: 5309: 5298:Endurance22.org 5290: 5286: 5276: 5274: 5257: 5253: 5242: 5238: 5227: 5223: 5212: 5208: 5197: 5193: 5182: 5178: 5174:, pp. 1–3. 5167: 5163: 5155: 5151: 5144: 5130: 5126: 5116: 5114: 5101: 5100: 5096: 5088: 5084: 5074: 5072: 5057: 5050: 5042: 5038: 5030: 5026: 5018: 5014: 5006: 5002: 4994: 4990: 4982: 4973: 4965: 4961: 4953: 4949: 4939: 4937: 4924: 4923: 4919: 4911: 4907: 4893: 4891: 4876: 4875: 4871: 4863: 4859: 4851: 4847: 4839: 4835: 4827: 4823: 4815: 4811: 4803: 4799: 4791: 4787: 4779: 4775: 4767: 4763: 4753: 4751: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4722: 4718: 4710: 4706: 4696: 4694: 4679: 4675: 4667: 4663: 4653: 4651: 4638: 4637: 4633: 4627:Barczewski 2007 4625: 4621: 4610: 4606: 4598: 4591: 4577: 4575: 4562: 4561: 4557: 4549: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4525: 4521: 4513: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4489: 4482: 4474: 4467: 4459: 4452: 4444: 4435: 4419: 4415: 4407: 4403: 4387: 4383: 4375: 4366: 4350: 4346: 4338: 4331: 4321: 4319: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4291: 4289: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4259: 4255: 4247: 4243: 4235: 4231: 4223: 4219: 4211: 4207: 4199: 4195: 4184: 4180: 4172: 4168: 4160: 4156: 4148: 4144: 4136: 4132: 4124: 4117: 4109: 4105: 4097: 4093: 4085: 4081: 4073: 4069: 4053: 4049: 4041: 4037: 4029: 4022: 4012: 4010: 3993: 3980: 3972: 3968: 3960: 3956: 3948: 3944: 3936: 3932: 3924: 3920: 3909:The Independent 3901: 3897: 3889: 3885: 3877: 3873: 3865: 3861: 3853: 3849: 3841: 3834: 3826: 3822: 3814: 3810: 3802: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3773: 3769: 3761: 3757: 3749: 3740: 3732: 3728: 3720: 3716: 3708: 3699: 3691: 3687: 3679: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3655: 3651: 3643: 3639: 3631: 3624: 3616: 3612: 3604: 3600: 3592: 3588: 3580: 3576: 3568: 3564: 3558:Barczewski 2007 3556: 3552: 3544: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3504: 3496: 3492: 3486:Barczewski 2007 3484: 3480: 3464: 3460: 3452: 3448: 3440: 3431: 3423: 3419: 3411: 3407: 3399: 3390: 3382: 3373: 3365: 3358: 3354:, pp. 4–5. 3350: 3346: 3336: 3334: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3308: 3304: 3300:, pp. 6–9. 3296: 3283: 3275: 3271: 3263: 3259: 3251: 3247: 3237: 3235: 3230:. 5 June 2014. 3218: 3217: 3213: 3203: 3201: 3188: 3187: 3178: 3170: 3166: 3156: 3154: 3141: 3140: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3113:Barczewski 2007 3111: 3107: 3099: 3095: 3085: 3083: 3068: 3064: 3054: 3052: 3037: 3033: 3023: 3021: 3008: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2993: 2976: 2972: 2964: 2960: 2947: 2943: 2930: 2926: 2918:of 1911–1913. ( 2913: 2909: 2897: 2893: 2884: 2880: 2871: 2867: 2858: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2807:Royal Air Force 2803:Avro Shackleton 2787: 2730: 2725: 2711:Officer of the 2685:Officer of the 2653: 2627:Officer of the 2612:Knight Bachelor 2598: 2538:Teloschistaceae 2515:in the US, and 2458:A&E Network 2454:Kenneth Branagh 2413:David Schofield 2331: 2239: 2234: 2194:Lutheran church 2075:lecture circuit 2058: 2056: 2050: 2026:Edmund Ironside 2014: 1994:the Allied side 1982: 1980:First World War 1896: 1840:, 24 April 1916 1838:Elephant Island 1824: 1818: 1805:Elephant Island 1746: 1660: 1651:Daily Chronicle 1630:First World War 1603:Sir James Caird 1569: 1562: 1558: 1556: 1549: 1547: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1529: 1522: 1520: 1512: 1510: 1502: 1500: 1491: 1480: 1468:Main articles: 1466: 1386: 1377:Fridtjof Nansen 1351:Lord Chancellor 1307:King Edward VII 1289: 1284: 1259: 1250:Alistair Mackay 1242:Edgeworth David 1203: 1128: 1122: 1023:William Huggins 1000:for the second 976: 968:Roland Huntford 959:Albert Armitage 823: 817: 780:Tintagel Castle 692: 680:Dulwich College 594: 589: 539:Elephant Island 514:King Edward VII 427: 414: 393: 351: 349: 348: 339: 337: 320: 318: 292: 277: 268:Knight Bachelor 255:Dulwich College 235: 213: 210: 1904) 205: 201: 184: 180: 167: 161: 159: 158: 157: 133: 121: 112: 108: 106: 104: 99: 90: 80: 68: 51: 49: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12657: 12647: 12646: 12641: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12606: 12601: 12596: 12591: 12586: 12581: 12576: 12571: 12566: 12561: 12556: 12551: 12546: 12541: 12536: 12531: 12526: 12521: 12516: 12511: 12506: 12501: 12484: 12483: 12478: 12477: 12475: 12474: 12462: 12449: 12446: 12445: 12442: 12441: 12439: 12438: 12431: 12424: 12417: 12410: 12403: 12396: 12389: 12382: 12381: 12380: 12366: 12359: 12352: 12345: 12338: 12331: 12324: 12317: 12310: 12303: 12296: 12289: 12282: 12275: 12268: 12261: 12254: 12247: 12240: 12232: 12230: 12222: 12221: 12219: 12218: 12211: 12206: 12199: 12192: 12185: 12178: 12171: 12164: 12159: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12128: 12123: 12116: 12111: 12106: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12055: 12053: 12042: 12036: 12035: 12033: 12032: 12025: 12018: 12015:Peggotty Bluff 12011: 12004: 11997: 11990: 11983: 11976: 11969: 11961: 11959: 11955: 11954: 11952: 11951: 11950: 11949: 11936:Rescue by the 11932: 11926:Voyage of the 11922: 11911: 11909: 11905: 11904: 11897: 11896: 11889: 11882: 11874: 11865: 11864: 11861: 11860: 11857: 11856: 11854: 11853: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11837: 11836: 11831: 11819: 11818: 11817: 11815:Vostok Station 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11769: 11768: 11766:Cherry-Garrard 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11731: 11730: 11729: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11683: 11682: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11659: 11658: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11630: 11629: 11628: 11616: 11615: 11614: 11606:Southern Cross 11602: 11601: 11600: 11587: 11586: 11585: 11572: 11567: 11566: 11565: 11552: 11551: 11550: 11536: 11534: 11528:Farthest South 11524: 11523: 11521: 11520: 11515: 11508: 11507: 11506: 11501: 11489: 11482: 11481: 11480: 11479: 11478: 11466: 11465: 11464: 11452: 11451: 11450: 11443: 11438: 11419: 11418: 11417: 11412: 11400: 11395: 11388: 11387: 11386: 11381: 11376: 11364: 11363: 11362: 11350: 11343: 11338: 11331: 11330: 11329: 11317: 11316: 11315: 11303: 11302: 11301: 11289: 11282: 11277: 11271: 11269: 11255: 11254: 11252: 11251: 11250: 11249: 11235: 11234: 11233: 11225:Ross Sea party 11221: 11212: 11211: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11186: 11179: 11178: 11177: 11172: 11157: 11152: 11151: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11111: 11110: 11109: 11102: 11095: 11090: 11076: 11075: 11074: 11062: 11061: 11060: 11055: 11041: 11040: 11039: 11025: 11018: 11017: 11016: 11009: 10997: 10996: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10971: 10970: 10969: 10964: 10950: 10949: 10948: 10943: 10929: 10928: 10927: 10922: 10919:Southern Cross 10912:Southern Cross 10908: 10907: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10856: 10854: 10842: 10841: 10839: 10838: 10837: 10836: 10824: 10823: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10797: 10792: 10791: 10790: 10777: 10771: 10752: 10751: 10750: 10737: 10736: 10735: 10730: 10715: 10714: 10713: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10675: 10674: 10662: 10661: 10660: 10658:Bellingshausen 10648: 10641: 10636: 10635: 10634: 10621: 10620: 10619: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10590: 10588: 10582: 10581: 10579: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10555: 10554: 10542: 10541: 10538: 10537: 10534: 10533: 10531: 10530: 10529: 10528: 10517: 10505: 10500: 10493: 10486: 10485: 10484: 10472: 10471: 10470: 10458: 10457: 10456: 10444: 10443: 10442: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10419: 10418: 10406: 10405: 10404: 10390: 10389: 10388: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10355: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10325: 10324: 10323: 10318: 10306: 10301: 10300: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10270: 10269: 10268: 10254: 10253: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10224: 10223: 10222: 10217: 10202: 10201: 10200: 10195: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10117: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10000: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9967: 9965: 9963:Russian Arctic 9955: 9954: 9952: 9951: 9946: 9945: 9944: 9930: 9929: 9928: 9923: 9909: 9904: 9903: 9902: 9888: 9887: 9886: 9874: 9873: 9872: 9859: 9858: 9857: 9845: 9844: 9843: 9838: 9823: 9822: 9821: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9793: 9792: 9787: 9779: 9774: 9759: 9754: 9753: 9752: 9747: 9735: 9730: 9729: 9728: 9720: 9705: 9704: 9703: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9652: 9651: 9638: 9637: 9636: 9623: 9622: 9621: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9592: 9591: 9578: 9577: 9576: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9552: 9551: 9546: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9498: 9496: 9486: 9485: 9483: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9471: 9470: 9465: 9453: 9448: 9447: 9446: 9434: 9433: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9405: 9400: 9398:Snæbjörn galti 9395: 9390: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9361: 9354: 9349: 9343: 9341: 9331: 9330: 9328: 9327: 9326: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9300: 9293: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9265: 9255: 9254: 9253: 9248: 9234: 9227: 9220: 9219: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9191: 9184: 9183: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9160: 9159: 9158: 9144: 9135: 9134: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9088: 9087: 9082: 9067: 9062: 9061: 9060: 9048: 9047: 9046: 9034: 9033: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 8999: 8998: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8975: 8974: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8955: 8950: 8935: 8934: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8906: 8905: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8841: 8839: 8833:Farthest North 8829: 8828: 8826: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8797: 8796: 8784: 8783: 8776: 8775: 8768: 8761: 8753: 8744: 8743: 8741: 8740: 8735: 8725: 8714: 8711: 8710: 8708: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8689:Ui-te-Rangiora 8686: 8684:Douglas Mawson 8681: 8676: 8674:Roald Amundsen 8670: 8668: 8664: 8663: 8661: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8613:Gateway cities 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8573:Antarctica Day 8569: 8567: 8563: 8562: 8560: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8533: 8531: 8527: 8526: 8524: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8492: 8490: 8484: 8483: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8470: 8468: 8467: 8466: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8445: 8443:Microorganisms 8440: 8434: 8432: 8428: 8427: 8425: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8407:List of rivers 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8383: 8381: 8377: 8376: 8374: 8373: 8372: 8371: 8361: 8360: 8359: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8337:Extreme points 8334: 8333: 8332: 8327: 8317: 8312: 8306: 8304: 8297: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8265: 8264: 8259: 8257:Climate change 8249: 8243: 8241: 8235: 8234: 8227: 8226: 8219: 8212: 8204: 8198: 8195: 8194: 8185: 8184: 8175: 8166: 8152: 8137: 8123: 8112: 8111:External links 8109: 8107: 8106: 8100: 8083: 8069: 8063: 8039: 8025: 8019: 7999: 7988: 7982: 7969: 7944: 7910: 7904: 7889: 7878: 7872: 7852: 7834: 7819: 7813: 7793: 7787: 7770: 7764: 7748:Preston, Diana 7744: 7738: 7721: 7715: 7698: 7692: 7676: 7661: 7660: 7654: 7633: 7632: 7626: 7610: 7604: 7584: 7578: 7561: 7555: 7542: 7536: 7516: 7496: 7490: 7470: 7464: 7447: 7438: 7432: 7415: 7409: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7380: 7355: 7353:, p. 130. 7343: 7302: 7300:, p. 293. 7287: 7254: 7221: 7184: 7162: 7137: 7106: 7076: 7046: 7016: 6998:The Advertiser 6983: 6949: 6916: 6883: 6850: 6839:on 10 May 2011 6817: 6785: 6753: 6723: 6690: 6657: 6640:The Arts Shelf 6627: 6599: 6588:on 6 July 2018 6569: 6552: 6540: 6538:, p. 292. 6528: 6526:, p. 283. 6516: 6514:, p. 432. 6504: 6502:, p. 282. 6489: 6466: 6423:(supplement). 6405: 6388: 6386:, p. 187. 6376: 6374:, p. 209. 6364: 6352: 6340: 6309: 6278: 6276:, p. 485. 6266: 6244: 6221: 6198: 6167: 6137: 6107: 6105:, p. 692. 6092: 6062: 6060:, p. 176. 6050: 6014: 5999: 5987: 5985:, p. 480. 5975: 5946:(3): 106–108. 5926: 5893: 5891:, p. 193. 5889:Alexander 1998 5881: 5866: 5864:, p. 687. 5854: 5823: 5821:, p. 684. 5806: 5804:, p. 892. 5794: 5777: 5765: 5745: 5733: 5713: 5693: 5649: 5629: 5614: 5602: 5600:, p. 653. 5590: 5588:, p. 192. 5586:Alexander 1998 5578: 5576:, p. 649. 5566: 5554: 5542: 5538:Alexander 1998 5530: 5526:Alexander 1998 5518: 5516:, p. 386. 5506: 5494: 5492:, p. 574. 5482: 5480:, p. 162. 5470: 5468:, p. 137. 5466:Alexander 1998 5458: 5446: 5444:, p. 105. 5429: 5410: 5398: 5396:, p. 143. 5383: 5364: 5349: 5347:, p. 366. 5337: 5335:, p. 106. 5322: 5320:, p. 100. 5307: 5284: 5251: 5236: 5221: 5206: 5191: 5176: 5161: 5149: 5142: 5124: 5094: 5082: 5048: 5036: 5024: 5012: 5000: 4996:Alexander 1998 4988: 4971: 4959: 4955:Alexander 1998 4947: 4917: 4905: 4869: 4857: 4853:Alexander 1998 4845: 4833: 4821: 4819:, p. 312. 4809: 4807:, p. 386. 4797: 4795:, p. 308. 4785: 4773: 4769:Alexander 1998 4761: 4731: 4716: 4704: 4673: 4661: 4631: 4619: 4604: 4602:, p. 367. 4589: 4555: 4553:, p. 211. 4543: 4541:, p. 298. 4531: 4519: 4517:, p. 312. 4507: 4495: 4480: 4465: 4450: 4433: 4413: 4411:, p. 251. 4401: 4381: 4379:, p. 272. 4364: 4344: 4342:, p. 263. 4329: 4299: 4265: 4263:, p. 300. 4253: 4251:, p. 244. 4241: 4229: 4227:, p. 108. 4217: 4205: 4193: 4178: 4166: 4154: 4142: 4130: 4115: 4103: 4091: 4089:, p. 114. 4079: 4077:, p. 111. 4067: 4047: 4045:, p. 130. 4035: 4033:, p. 108. 4020: 4007:MeasuringWorth 3978: 3976:, p. 106. 3966: 3964:, p. 100. 3954: 3942: 3930: 3918: 3895: 3883: 3871: 3859: 3847: 3832: 3830:, p. 123. 3820: 3808: 3791: 3789:, p. 310. 3779: 3767: 3765:, p. 145. 3755: 3738: 3736:, p. 143. 3726: 3724:, p. 238. 3714: 3697: 3685: 3683:, p. 205. 3673: 3661: 3659:, p. 104. 3649: 3637: 3622: 3610: 3598: 3586: 3574: 3572:, p. 111. 3562: 3550: 3538: 3526: 3514: 3502: 3490: 3478: 3458: 3446: 3429: 3417: 3405: 3388: 3371: 3356: 3344: 3314: 3302: 3281: 3269: 3267:, p. 518. 3257: 3245: 3211: 3176: 3164: 3129: 3117: 3115:, p. 295. 3105: 3103:, p. 289. 3093: 3062: 3031: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2989:, p. 656) 2970: 2958: 2956:, p. 324) 2941: 2939:, p. 367) 2924: 2922:, p. 298) 2907: 2905:, p. 210) 2891: 2889:, p. 106) 2878: 2865: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2839: 2838: 2832: 2822: 2810: 2800: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2778: 2777: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2743: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2716: 2709: 2703: 2697: 2692:Knight of the 2690: 2683: 2678:Knight of the 2676: 2671:Knight of the 2669: 2664:Knight of the 2655: 2651: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2625: 2622: 2617:Member of the 2615: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2550:issued by the 2330: 2327: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2137:Rio de Janeiro 2052:Main article: 2049: 2046: 2013: 2010: 1981: 1978: 1962:Ross Sea party 1895: 1892: 1830:Launching the 1820:Main article: 1817: 1814: 1757:first-year ice 1745: 1739: 1684:Leonard Hussey 1666:commanded the 1659: 1656: 1618:Reginald James 1568: 1565: 1557: 1548: 1536: 1530: 1521: 1511: 1501: 1490: 1474:Ross Sea party 1465: 1462: 1409:, now part of 1394:Roald Amundsen 1385: 1382: 1369:Roald Amundsen 1362:Dublin Express 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1246:Douglas Mawson 1206:s old base at 1138:, Shackleton, 1124:Main article: 1121: 1115: 1032:Royal Magazine 975: 972: 927:snow blindness 916:Farthest South 842:—known as the 819:Main article: 816: 810: 754:master mariner 691: 688: 666:, the British 621:West Yorkshire 593: 590: 588: 585: 521:Roald Amundsen 494:Farthest South 420: 419: 416: 415: 413: 412: 407: 401: 399: 395: 394: 392: 391: 386: 379:Sub-Lieutenant 375: 373: 369: 368: 365: 361: 360: 335: 331: 330: 327:United Kingdom 315: 311: 310: 306: 305: 298: 294: 293: 291: 290: 285: 279: 271: 264: 262: 258: 257: 252: 248: 247: 241: 237: 236: 234: 233: 228: 225: 221: 219: 215: 214: 203: 197: 196: 194: 190: 189: 183:(aged 47) 179:5 January 1922 177: 173: 172: 155: 153: 149: 148: 144: 143: 140: 139: 136: 130: 129: 124: 118: 117: 96: 95: 86: 85: 82: 81: 78: 70: 69: 50: 47: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12656: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12552: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12496: 12494: 12472: 12463: 12460: 12451: 12450: 12447: 12436: 12432: 12429: 12425: 12422: 12418: 12415: 12411: 12408: 12404: 12401: 12397: 12394: 12390: 12387: 12383: 12378: 12374: 12373: 12371: 12367: 12364: 12360: 12357: 12353: 12350: 12346: 12343: 12339: 12336: 12332: 12329: 12325: 12322: 12318: 12315: 12311: 12308: 12304: 12301: 12297: 12294: 12290: 12287: 12283: 12280: 12276: 12273: 12269: 12266: 12262: 12259: 12255: 12252: 12248: 12245: 12241: 12238: 12234: 12233: 12231: 12229: 12228: 12223: 12216: 12212: 12207: 12204: 12203:Spencer-Smith 12200: 12197: 12193: 12190: 12186: 12183: 12179: 12176: 12172: 12169: 12165: 12160: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12133: 12129: 12124: 12121: 12117: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12097: 12092: 12087: 12082: 12077: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12057: 12056: 12054: 12052: 12051: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12037: 12030: 12029:Stromness Bay 12026: 12023: 12019: 12016: 12012: 12009: 12008:Mount Worsley 12005: 12002: 11998: 11995: 11991: 11988: 11984: 11981: 11977: 11974: 11970: 11967: 11963: 11962: 11960: 11956: 11947: 11943: 11942: 11940: 11939: 11933: 11930: 11929: 11923: 11920: 11919: 11916:Drift of the 11913: 11912: 11910: 11906: 11902: 11895: 11890: 11888: 11883: 11881: 11876: 11875: 11872: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11826: 11825: 11824: 11820: 11816: 11813: 11812: 11811: 11810: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11738: 11737: 11736: 11732: 11728: 11727: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11695: 11691: 11690: 11689: 11688: 11684: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11666: 11665: 11664: 11660: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11637: 11636: 11635: 11631: 11627: 11624: 11623: 11622: 11621: 11617: 11613: 11610: 11609: 11608: 11607: 11603: 11599: 11596: 11595: 11594: 11593: 11588: 11584: 11581: 11580: 11579: 11578: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11564: 11561: 11560: 11559: 11558: 11553: 11549: 11546: 11545: 11544: 11543: 11538: 11537: 11535: 11533: 11529: 11525: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11513: 11509: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11496: 11495: 11494: 11490: 11488: 11487: 11483: 11477: 11474: 11473: 11472: 11471: 11467: 11463: 11460: 11459: 11458: 11457: 11453: 11449: 11448: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11433: 11432: 11431: 11427: 11426: 11425: 11424: 11420: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11407: 11406: 11405: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11393: 11389: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11371: 11370: 11369: 11365: 11361: 11358: 11357: 11356: 11355: 11351: 11349: 11348: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11336: 11332: 11328: 11325: 11324: 11323: 11322: 11318: 11314: 11311: 11310: 11309: 11308: 11304: 11300: 11297: 11296: 11295: 11294: 11290: 11288: 11287: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11272: 11270: 11268: 11264: 11260: 11256: 11248: 11247: 11243: 11242: 11241: 11240: 11236: 11232: 11229: 11228: 11227: 11226: 11222: 11220: 11219: 11218: 11213: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11198: 11194: 11193: 11192: 11191: 11187: 11185: 11184: 11180: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11170: 11165: 11164: 11163: 11162: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11123: 11119: 11118: 11117: 11116: 11112: 11108: 11107: 11103: 11101: 11100: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11088: 11084: 11083: 11082: 11081: 11077: 11073: 11070: 11069: 11068: 11067: 11063: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11053: 11049: 11048: 11047: 11046: 11042: 11038: 11037: 11033: 11032: 11031: 11030: 11026: 11024: 11023: 11019: 11015: 11014: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11004: 11003: 11002: 10998: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10983: 10979: 10978: 10977: 10976: 10972: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10962: 10958: 10957: 10956: 10955: 10951: 10947: 10946:Discovery Hut 10944: 10942: 10941: 10937: 10936: 10935: 10934: 10930: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10920: 10916: 10915: 10914: 10913: 10909: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10869: 10865: 10864: 10863: 10862: 10858: 10857: 10855: 10850: 10843: 10835: 10832: 10831: 10830: 10829: 10825: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10810: 10805: 10804: 10803: 10802: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10788: 10784: 10783: 10778: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10766: 10765: 10760: 10759: 10758: 10757: 10753: 10749: 10746: 10745: 10744: 10743: 10738: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10728: 10723: 10722: 10721: 10720: 10716: 10712: 10709: 10708: 10707: 10706: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10673: 10670: 10669: 10668: 10667: 10663: 10659: 10656: 10655: 10654: 10653: 10649: 10647: 10646: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10633: 10630: 10629: 10628: 10627: 10622: 10618: 10615: 10614: 10613: 10612: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10591: 10589: 10587: 10583: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10563: 10560: 10556: 10552: 10547: 10543: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10518: 10516: 10515: 10511: 10510: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10498: 10494: 10492: 10491: 10487: 10483: 10480: 10479: 10478: 10477: 10476:A. Sibiryakov 10473: 10469: 10466: 10465: 10464: 10463: 10459: 10455: 10452: 10451: 10450: 10449: 10448:Glavsevmorput 10445: 10441: 10438: 10437: 10436: 10435: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10417: 10414: 10413: 10412: 10411: 10407: 10403: 10400: 10399: 10398: 10397: 10396: 10391: 10387: 10384: 10383: 10382: 10381: 10380: 10374: 10373: 10372: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10337: 10333: 10332: 10331: 10330: 10326: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10313: 10312: 10311: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10279: 10278: 10277: 10276: 10271: 10267: 10264: 10263: 10262: 10261: 10260: 10255: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10240: 10235: 10234: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10225: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10212: 10211: 10210: 10208: 10203: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10190: 10189: 10188: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10066: 10065: 10064: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10022: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10005: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9973: 9969: 9968: 9966: 9964: 9960: 9956: 9950: 9947: 9943: 9940: 9939: 9938: 9937: 9936: 9931: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9918: 9917: 9916: 9915: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9901: 9898: 9897: 9896: 9895: 9894: 9889: 9885: 9882: 9881: 9880: 9879: 9875: 9871: 9868: 9867: 9866: 9865: 9860: 9856: 9853: 9852: 9851: 9850: 9846: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9836: 9831: 9830: 9829: 9828: 9824: 9820: 9817: 9816: 9815: 9814: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9785: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9772: 9767: 9766: 9765: 9764: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9751: 9750:J. Richardson 9748: 9746: 9743: 9742: 9741: 9740: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9727: 9726: 9721: 9719: 9718: 9713: 9712: 9711: 9710: 9706: 9702: 9699: 9698: 9697: 9696: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9668: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9650: 9647: 9646: 9645: 9644: 9639: 9635: 9632: 9631: 9630: 9629: 9624: 9620: 9617: 9616: 9615: 9614: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9590: 9587: 9586: 9585: 9584: 9579: 9575: 9572: 9571: 9570: 9569: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9541: 9540: 9539: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9512:M. Corte-Real 9510: 9508: 9507:G. Corte-Real 9505: 9503: 9500: 9499: 9497: 9495: 9491: 9487: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9460: 9459: 9458: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9445: 9442: 9441: 9440: 9439: 9435: 9431: 9430:C. Richardson 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9412: 9411: 9410: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9388: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9366: 9362: 9360: 9359: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9340: 9336: 9332: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9312: 9308: 9307: 9306: 9305: 9301: 9299: 9298: 9294: 9292: 9291: 9290: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9271: 9266: 9264: 9263: 9262: 9256: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9243: 9242: 9241: 9240: 9239:Georgiy Sedov 9235: 9233: 9232: 9228: 9226: 9225: 9221: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9198: 9197: 9196: 9192: 9190: 9189: 9185: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9166: 9165: 9161: 9157: 9154: 9153: 9152: 9151: 9150: 9145: 9143: 9142: 9141: 9136: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9126:Riiser-Larsen 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9108: 9107: 9106: 9105: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9077: 9076: 9075: 9074: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9059: 9056: 9055: 9054: 9053: 9049: 9045: 9042: 9041: 9040: 9039: 9035: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9015: 9011: 9010: 9009: 9008: 9006: 9000: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8982: 8981: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8961: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8948: 8943: 8942: 8941: 8940: 8936: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8921: 8917: 8916: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8907: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8879: 8878: 8877: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8842: 8840: 8838: 8834: 8830: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8805: 8802: 8798: 8794: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8774: 8769: 8767: 8762: 8760: 8755: 8754: 8751: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8726: 8724: 8716: 8715: 8712: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8671: 8669: 8665: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8618:Midwinter Day 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8564: 8558: 8557:Treaty System 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8534: 8532: 8528: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8493: 8491: 8489: 8485: 8480: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8450: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8435: 8433: 8429: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8412:McMurdo Sound 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8384: 8382: 8378: 8370: 8367: 8366: 8365: 8362: 8358: 8355: 8354: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8322: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8307: 8305: 8301: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8254: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8225: 8220: 8218: 8213: 8211: 8206: 8205: 8202: 8196: 8189: 8183: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8170: 8167: 8164: 8160: 8156: 8153: 8145: 8141: 8138: 8135: 8131: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8118: 8115: 8114: 8103: 8097: 8092: 8091: 8084: 8080: 8079: 8074: 8070: 8066: 8064:0-7137-0431-4 8060: 8055: 8054: 8048: 8044: 8040: 8036: 8035: 8030: 8026: 8022: 8016: 8011: 8010: 8004: 8003:Wheeler, Sara 8000: 7996: 7995: 7989: 7985: 7979: 7975: 7970: 7958: 7955:. p. 5. 7954: 7950: 7945: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7923: 7918: 7917: 7911: 7907: 7905:0-7126-0111-2 7901: 7897: 7896: 7890: 7886: 7885: 7879: 7875: 7869: 7864: 7863: 7857: 7853: 7841: 7837: 7831: 7827: 7826: 7820: 7816: 7810: 7805: 7804: 7798: 7794: 7790: 7784: 7780: 7776: 7771: 7767: 7761: 7756: 7755: 7749: 7745: 7741: 7735: 7730: 7729: 7722: 7718: 7712: 7707: 7706: 7699: 7695: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7677: 7673: 7672: 7667: 7663: 7662: 7657: 7651: 7646: 7645: 7639: 7635: 7634: 7629: 7623: 7619: 7615: 7611: 7607: 7601: 7596: 7595: 7589: 7585: 7581: 7575: 7570: 7569: 7562: 7558: 7552: 7548: 7543: 7539: 7537:0-340-25007-0 7533: 7528: 7527: 7521: 7517: 7512: 7511: 7505: 7504:Fisher, James 7501: 7497: 7493: 7487: 7482: 7481: 7480:Captain Scott 7475: 7471: 7467: 7461: 7456: 7455: 7448: 7444: 7439: 7435: 7429: 7424: 7423: 7416: 7412: 7410:0-7475-4123-X 7406: 7401: 7400: 7394: 7390: 7389: 7376: 7372: 7371: 7366: 7359: 7352: 7347: 7328: 7325:. p. 3. 7324: 7323: 7315: 7309: 7307: 7299: 7294: 7292: 7275: 7271: 7270: 7265: 7258: 7242: 7238: 7237: 7232: 7225: 7209: 7205: 7204: 7199: 7197: 7188: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7166: 7158: 7154: 7153: 7148: 7141: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7110: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7080: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7050: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7020: 7004: 7000: 6999: 6994: 6987: 6971: 6967: 6965: 6960: 6953: 6937: 6933: 6932: 6927: 6920: 6904: 6900: 6899: 6894: 6887: 6871: 6867: 6866: 6861: 6854: 6838: 6834: 6833: 6828: 6821: 6805: 6801: 6800: 6799:ABC Australia 6795: 6789: 6773: 6769: 6768: 6763: 6757: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6727: 6711: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6694: 6678: 6674: 6673: 6668: 6661: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6631: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6614: 6609: 6603: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6573: 6566: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6550:, p. 75. 6549: 6544: 6537: 6532: 6525: 6520: 6513: 6508: 6501: 6496: 6494: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6470: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6417: 6409: 6401: 6400: 6392: 6385: 6380: 6373: 6368: 6361: 6356: 6349: 6344: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6313: 6297: 6293: 6289: 6282: 6275: 6270: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6248: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6225: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6202: 6186: 6182: 6181:The Telegraph 6178: 6171: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6141: 6125: 6121: 6114: 6112: 6104: 6103:Huntford 1985 6099: 6097: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6066: 6059: 6054: 6046: 6034: 6030: 6029: 6024: 6018: 6011: 6006: 6004: 5996: 5991: 5984: 5979: 5971: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5930: 5914: 5910: 5909: 5904: 5897: 5890: 5885: 5878: 5873: 5871: 5863: 5862:Huntford 1985 5858: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5827: 5820: 5819:Huntford 1985 5815: 5813: 5811: 5803: 5798: 5791: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5774: 5769: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5749: 5742: 5741:Huntford 1985 5737: 5729: 5728: 5723: 5717: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5697: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5663: 5656: 5654: 5645: 5644: 5639: 5633: 5626: 5625:Huntford 1985 5621: 5619: 5611: 5610:Huntford 1985 5606: 5599: 5598:Huntford 1985 5594: 5587: 5582: 5575: 5574:Huntford 1985 5570: 5563: 5562:Huntford 1985 5558: 5551: 5546: 5539: 5534: 5527: 5522: 5515: 5510: 5503: 5498: 5491: 5490:Huntford 1985 5486: 5479: 5474: 5467: 5462: 5455: 5454:Huntford 1985 5450: 5443: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5426: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5408:, p. 36. 5407: 5402: 5395: 5394: 5387: 5380: 5378: 5371: 5369: 5361: 5360: 5353: 5346: 5341: 5334: 5333: 5326: 5319: 5318: 5311: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5288: 5272: 5268: 5267: 5262: 5255: 5249:, p. 98. 5248: 5247: 5240: 5233: 5232: 5225: 5218: 5217: 5210: 5204:, p. 36. 5203: 5202: 5195: 5188: 5187: 5180: 5173: 5172: 5165: 5159:, p. 58. 5158: 5153: 5145: 5139: 5135: 5128: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5098: 5091: 5086: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5055: 5053: 5046:, p. 22. 5045: 5040: 5034:, p. 24. 5033: 5028: 5022:, p. 35. 5021: 5016: 5010:, p. 38. 5009: 5004: 4998:, p. 53. 4997: 4992: 4986:, p. 15. 4985: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4969:, p. 18. 4968: 4963: 4957:, p. 13. 4956: 4951: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4921: 4915:, p. 60. 4914: 4909: 4901: 4889: 4885: 4884: 4879: 4873: 4866: 4861: 4855:, p. 16. 4854: 4849: 4843:, p. 38. 4842: 4837: 4830: 4825: 4818: 4813: 4806: 4805:Huntford 1985 4801: 4794: 4789: 4782: 4781:Huntford 1985 4777: 4771:, p. 10. 4770: 4765: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4735: 4728: 4727: 4720: 4713: 4708: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4677: 4671:, p. 30. 4670: 4665: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4635: 4629:, p. 87. 4628: 4623: 4616: 4615: 4608: 4601: 4600:Huntford 1985 4596: 4594: 4586: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4559: 4552: 4547: 4540: 4535: 4528: 4527:Huntford 1985 4523: 4516: 4515:Huntford 1985 4511: 4504: 4503:Huntford 1985 4499: 4492: 4487: 4485: 4477: 4476:Huntford 1985 4472: 4470: 4462: 4457: 4455: 4447: 4446:Huntford 1985 4442: 4440: 4438: 4429: 4428: 4423: 4417: 4410: 4405: 4397: 4396: 4391: 4385: 4378: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4360: 4359: 4354: 4348: 4341: 4336: 4334: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4303: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4269: 4262: 4261:Huntford 1985 4257: 4250: 4245: 4239:, p. 53. 4238: 4233: 4226: 4221: 4215:, p. 90. 4214: 4209: 4202: 4197: 4190: 4189: 4182: 4176:, p. 72. 4175: 4170: 4163: 4158: 4152:, p. 46. 4151: 4146: 4139: 4134: 4127: 4122: 4120: 4112: 4107: 4100: 4095: 4088: 4083: 4076: 4071: 4063: 4062: 4057: 4051: 4044: 4039: 4032: 4027: 4025: 4009: 4008: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3975: 3970: 3963: 3958: 3952:, p. 99. 3951: 3946: 3940:, p. 32. 3939: 3934: 3927: 3922: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3899: 3893:, p. 57. 3892: 3887: 3881:, p. 43. 3880: 3875: 3869:, p. 42. 3868: 3863: 3857:, p. 41. 3856: 3851: 3844: 3843:Huntford 1985 3839: 3837: 3829: 3828:Huntford 1985 3824: 3817: 3816:Huntford 1985 3812: 3805: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3788: 3783: 3776: 3775:Huntford 1985 3771: 3764: 3759: 3753:, p. 68. 3752: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3735: 3730: 3723: 3718: 3711: 3710:Huntford 1985 3706: 3704: 3702: 3694: 3689: 3682: 3677: 3670: 3665: 3658: 3653: 3647:, p. 58. 3646: 3641: 3635:, p. 83. 3634: 3629: 3627: 3620:, p. 76. 3619: 3618:Huntford 1985 3614: 3607: 3602: 3596:, p. 78. 3595: 3590: 3583: 3578: 3571: 3566: 3559: 3554: 3548:, p. 23. 3547: 3542: 3535: 3530: 3524:, p. 35. 3523: 3518: 3511: 3506: 3499: 3494: 3488:, p. 25. 3487: 3482: 3474: 3473: 3468: 3462: 3456:, p. 42. 3455: 3454:Huntford 1985 3450: 3443: 3442:Huntford 1985 3438: 3436: 3434: 3426: 3425:Huntford 1985 3421: 3415:, p. 19. 3414: 3409: 3402: 3401:Huntford 1985 3397: 3395: 3393: 3386:, p. 11. 3385: 3384:Huntford 1985 3380: 3378: 3376: 3368: 3363: 3361: 3353: 3348: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3318: 3311: 3306: 3299: 3298:Huntford 1985 3294: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3278: 3277:Huntford 1985 3273: 3266: 3261: 3254: 3253:Huntford 1985 3249: 3233: 3229: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3173: 3172:Huntford 1985 3168: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3126: 3121: 3114: 3109: 3102: 3097: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3066: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3035: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3005: 3001: 2988: 2987:Huntford 1985 2984: 2980: 2979:Huntford 1985 2974: 2967: 2962: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2938: 2937:Huntford 1985 2934: 2928: 2921: 2917: 2911: 2904: 2903: 2895: 2888: 2882: 2876:, p. 32) 2875: 2869: 2862: 2856: 2852: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2829:impact crater 2826: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2745: 2744: 2741: 2737: 2736: 2720: 2714: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2688: 2684: 2681: 2677: 2674: 2670: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2654: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2607: 2603: 2602: 2593: 2591: 2587: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2544: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2526: 2524: 2520: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2485: 2483: 2482:Google Doodle 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2460:, it won two 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2433: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2417:David Rodigan 2414: 2410: 2409: 2401:(right), 1913 2400: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2376:Outward Bound 2373: 2369: 2364: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2337: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2311: 2305: 2302: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2263:King George V 2260: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2199: 2198:Edward Binnie 2195: 2191: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2161: 2154: 2149: 2145: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2122:sound-on-film 2118: 2116: 2112: 2106: 2104: 2103: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2076: 2055: 2045: 2043: 2038: 2034: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1990: 1988: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1954:The Endurance 1950: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1923: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1900: 1891: 1889: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1872: 1869: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1839: 1835: 1834: 1828: 1823: 1813: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1799: 1798:Paulet Island 1794: 1792: 1784: 1779: 1775: 1773: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1744: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1704:Hubert Hudson 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1688:James McIlroy 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1664:Frank Worsley 1655: 1653: 1652: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1626: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1594: 1591: 1587: 1586: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1555: 1546:to Antarctica 1545: 1544: 1528: 1518: 1508: 1499: 1498: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1461: 1459: 1458:South Georgia 1455: 1452:who had left 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1437: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1414: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1395: 1390: 1381: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1347:Lord Halsbury 1342: 1340: 1339:Trinity House 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1300: 1299: 1293: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1227:Jameson Adams 1224: 1223:Eric Marshall 1220: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1202: 1197: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1166:Barrier Inlet 1162: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1145: 1144:Jameson Adams 1141: 1140:Eric Marshall 1137: 1132: 1127: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1084: 1079: 1073: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1028: 1027:Royal Society 1024: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1003: 999: 998: 993: 985: 980: 971: 969: 965: 960: 955: 953: 952: 946: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 923: 921: 917: 911: 909: 908:Clarence Hare 905: 904: 899: 895: 891: 890:McMurdo Sound 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 864: 859: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 833: 832: 827: 822: 814: 809: 807: 803: 802: 797: 791: 789: 785: 781: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 757: 755: 751: 750:tramp steamer 747: 746:third officer 741: 739: 738:Hoghton Tower 736:sailing ship 735: 734:square-rigged 731: 730: 725: 724: 719: 715: 711: 710: 705: 696: 687: 683: 681: 677: 671: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 644: 642: 638: 634: 630: 627:, an English 626: 622: 618: 614: 606: 602: 598: 584: 582: 578: 577: 572: 568: 564: 558: 556: 552: 548: 544: 543:South Georgia 540: 536: 532: 531: 526: 522: 517: 515: 511: 507: 503: 502:statute miles 499: 495: 491: 489: 484: 480: 478: 473: 469: 465: 460: 458: 454: 450: 447: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 417: 411: 408: 406: 403: 402: 400: 396: 390: 387: 384: 380: 377: 376: 374: 370: 366: 362: 359: 347: 336: 332: 328: 316: 312: 307: 303: 299: 295: 289: 286: 283: 280: 275: 272: 269: 266: 265: 263: 259: 256: 253: 249: 245: 242: 238: 232: 229: 226: 223: 222: 220: 216: 200: 195: 191: 187: 178: 174: 170: 154: 150: 145: 141: 137: 131: 128: 125: 119: 102: 97: 93: 87: 83: 76: 71: 66: 62: 58: 54: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 12399: 12226: 12155:Shore party: 12154: 12049: 11937: 11927: 11917: 11821: 11809:Pole of Cold 11807: 11733: 11724: 11692: 11685: 11661: 11639: 11632: 11618: 11612:Borchgrevink 11604: 11591: 11576: 11556: 11541: 11510: 11491: 11484: 11468: 11454: 11445: 11428: 11421: 11402: 11390: 11366: 11352: 11345: 11333: 11319: 11305: 11291: 11284: 11245: 11237: 11223: 11216: 11214: 11202: 11196: 11188: 11181: 11168: 11159: 11121: 11113: 11104: 11097: 11085: 11078: 11064: 11052:Pourquoi-Pas 11051: 11043: 11035: 11027: 11022:Orcadas Base 11020: 11012: 10999: 10993:C. A. Larsen 10981: 10973: 10959: 10952: 10939: 10931: 10925:Borchgrevink 10918: 10910: 10867: 10859: 10834:C. A. Larsen 10827: 10808: 10799: 10781: 10763: 10754: 10741: 10726: 10717: 10704: 10665: 10651: 10644: 10625: 10610: 10520: 10513: 10496: 10489: 10475: 10460: 10446: 10433: 10408: 10394: 10392: 10378: 10376: 10370: 10368: 10334: 10327: 10308: 10274: 10272: 10258: 10256: 10238: 10228: 10226: 10206: 10204: 10185: 10061: 10019: 10002: 9970: 9934: 9932: 9912: 9911: 9891: 9890: 9876: 9863: 9848: 9834: 9825: 9812: 9783: 9771:Investigator 9770: 9761: 9737: 9724: 9716: 9707: 9694: 9665: 9642: 9627: 9612: 9582: 9567: 9537: 9456: 9436: 9407: 9403:Erik the Red 9385: 9363: 9356: 9313:submersibles 9310: 9304:Arktika 2007 9302: 9295: 9288: 9285: 9269: 9260: 9257: 9238: 9236: 9229: 9222: 9193: 9186: 9162: 9148: 9147: 9139: 9137: 9103: 9101: 9072: 9069: 9058:S. A. Andrée 9050: 9037: 9012: 9004: 9001: 8977: 8959: 8946: 8937: 8919: 8910: 8908: 8874: 8704: 8603:Firefighting 8588:Demographics 8511:Colonization 8506:World War II 8159:Open Library 8089: 8077: 8052: 8047:Savours, Ann 8033: 8008: 7993: 7973: 7961:. Retrieved 7952: 7936:. Retrieved 7920: 7915: 7893: 7883: 7861: 7856:Savours, Ann 7844:. Retrieved 7824: 7802: 7774: 7753: 7727: 7704: 7683: 7670: 7643: 7617: 7593: 7567: 7546: 7525: 7509: 7479: 7453: 7442: 7421: 7398: 7368: 7358: 7346: 7334:. Retrieved 7320: 7278:. Retrieved 7274:the original 7267: 7257: 7245:. Retrieved 7234: 7224: 7212:. Retrieved 7208:the original 7201: 7195: 7187: 7179:the original 7174: 7165: 7150: 7140: 7130:25 September 7128:. Retrieved 7120:The Guardian 7119: 7109: 7097:. Retrieved 7088: 7079: 7067:. Retrieved 7058: 7049: 7039:21 September 7037:. Retrieved 7033:the original 7028: 7019: 7009:21 September 7007:. Retrieved 6996: 6986: 6974:. Retrieved 6962: 6952: 6942:21 September 6940:. Retrieved 6929: 6919: 6909:21 September 6907:. Retrieved 6896: 6886: 6874:. Retrieved 6863: 6853: 6841:. Retrieved 6837:the original 6830: 6820: 6808:. Retrieved 6797: 6788: 6776:. Retrieved 6765: 6756: 6744:. Retrieved 6735: 6726: 6714:. Retrieved 6703: 6693: 6681:. Retrieved 6670: 6660: 6648:. Retrieved 6639: 6630: 6611: 6608:"Shackleton" 6602: 6590:. Retrieved 6586:the original 6581: 6572: 6543: 6531: 6519: 6512:Fiennes 2003 6507: 6479: 6469: 6457:. Retrieved 6424: 6420: 6408: 6398: 6391: 6384:Wheeler 2001 6379: 6367: 6355: 6343: 6331:. Retrieved 6323:New Horizons 6322: 6312: 6300:. Retrieved 6291: 6281: 6269: 6256: 6247: 6234: 6224: 6211: 6201: 6189:. Retrieved 6185:the original 6180: 6170: 6158:. Retrieved 6149: 6140: 6128:. Retrieved 6083:. Retrieved 6074: 6065: 6053: 6043:– via 6037:. Retrieved 6026: 6017: 5990: 5978: 5943: 5939: 5929: 5917:. Retrieved 5908:The Guardian 5906: 5896: 5884: 5857: 5845:. Retrieved 5841:the original 5836: 5826: 5797: 5768: 5757: 5748: 5736: 5725: 5716: 5705: 5696: 5684:. Retrieved 5677:the original 5672: 5668: 5641: 5632: 5605: 5593: 5581: 5569: 5557: 5545: 5533: 5521: 5509: 5502:Worsley 1931 5497: 5485: 5478:Worsley 1931 5473: 5461: 5449: 5425:Worsley 1931 5406:Perkins 2000 5401: 5392: 5391:Shackleton, 5386: 5376: 5375:Shackleton, 5358: 5357:Shackleton, 5352: 5340: 5331: 5330:Shackleton, 5325: 5316: 5315:Shackleton, 5310: 5297: 5287: 5275:. Retrieved 5264: 5254: 5245: 5244:Shackleton, 5239: 5230: 5229:Shackleton, 5224: 5215: 5214:Shackleton, 5209: 5200: 5199:Shackleton, 5194: 5185: 5184:Shackleton, 5179: 5170: 5169:Shackleton, 5164: 5157:Lansing 1999 5152: 5133: 5127: 5115:. Retrieved 5106: 5097: 5092:, p. 5. 5090:Worsley 1931 5085: 5073:. Retrieved 5064: 5044:Lansing 1999 5039: 5032:Lansing 1999 5027: 5020:Lansing 1999 5015: 5008:Lansing 1999 5003: 4991: 4984:Lansing 1999 4967:Lansing 1999 4962: 4950: 4938:. Retrieved 4929: 4920: 4913:Johnson 2003 4908: 4899: 4898:– via 4892:. Retrieved 4881: 4872: 4860: 4848: 4836: 4824: 4812: 4800: 4788: 4776: 4764: 4752:. Retrieved 4743: 4734: 4725: 4724:Shackleton, 4719: 4712:Lansing 1999 4707: 4695:. Retrieved 4686: 4676: 4664: 4652:. Retrieved 4643: 4634: 4622: 4613: 4612:Shackleton, 4607: 4583: 4576:. Retrieved 4567: 4558: 4546: 4534: 4522: 4510: 4498: 4425: 4416: 4404: 4393: 4384: 4356: 4347: 4320:. Retrieved 4316:the original 4311: 4302: 4290:. Retrieved 4277: 4268: 4256: 4244: 4237:Johnson 2003 4232: 4220: 4208: 4196: 4187: 4186:Shackleton, 4181: 4169: 4157: 4150:Johnson 2003 4145: 4133: 4106: 4094: 4082: 4070: 4059: 4050: 4038: 4011:. 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R. Evans 10904:Dobrowolski 10874:de Gerlache 10576:Expeditions 10462:Aviaarktika 10416:Samoylovich 10287:Kolomeitsev 10181:Middendorff 10141:Gedenshtrom 9561:I. Fyodorov 9323:Chilingarov 9211:E. Fyodorov 8818:Expeditions 8691:(legendary) 8598:Field camps 8496:Expeditions 8422:Weddell Sea 8402:Lake Vostok 8397:Lake Mercer 8269:Ice shelves 8029:Wild, Frank 7930:(BFIVO54). 7846:15 November 7779:Gael Newton 7680:Mills, Leif 7445:. ABC-CLIO. 7280:18 February 6898:News.com.au 6843:15 February 6832:metro.co.uk 6746:18 December 6672:Smithsonian 6613:Radio Times 6333:16 February 6302:16 February 6130:10 February 6085:10 February 5754:"No. 32261" 5722:"No. 31938" 5702:"No. 31376" 5638:"No. 30920" 4754:10 February 4654:10 February 4551:Turley 1914 4422:"No. 28311" 4390:"No. 28321" 4353:"No. 28271" 4056:"No. 28049" 3763:Turley 1914 3734:Turley 1914 3722:Wilson 1975 3606:Turley 1914 3582:Wilson 1975 3570:Wilson 1975 3467:"No. 27322" 3352:Kimmel 1999 3238:10 February 3157:10 February 3086:19 December 3024:28 November 3014:BBC History 2983:James Caird 2827:crater, an 2635:Polar Medal 2528:A genus of 2493:James Caird 2462:Emmy Awards 2425:James Caird 2411:, starring 2397:(left) and 2361:Nancy Koehn 2247:C.S. Jagger 2160:post-mortem 1998:Spitzbergen 1904:James Caird 1868:James Caird 1848:James Caird 1833:James Caird 1527:James Caird 1509:in pack ice 1454:Bremerhaven 1446:Weddell Sea 1384:Biding time 1349:, a former 1331:Polar Medal 1298:Vanity Fair 1287:Public hero 1100:Lord Iveagh 656:Anglo-Irish 637:Fitzmaurice 601:Blue plaque 587:Early years 446:Anglo-Irish 405:World War I 122:Preceded by 12624:South Pole 12493:Categories 12407:Stephenson 12400:Shackleton 12377:Mrs Chippy 12244:Blackborow 12189:Mackintosh 11946:Luis Pardo 11735:Terra Nova 11640:Shackleton 11583:J. C. Ross 11542:Resolution 11532:South Pole 11307:New Swabia 11231:Mackintosh 11203:Shackleton 11122:Terra Nova 11115:Terra Nova 10849:Heroic Age 10809:Challenger 10769:J. C. Ross 10679:Bransfield 10611:Resolution 10526:icebreaker 10490:Chelyuskin 10231:expedition 10209:Expedition 10151:Matyushkin 10109:Kh. Laptev 10104:Chelyuskin 9998:Heemskerck 9988:Chancellor 9983:Willoughby 9978:Koch boats 9921:Stefansson 9855:McClintock 9819:Inglefield 9661:J. C. Ross 9568:Resolution 9420:Cunningham 9318:Sagalevich 9007:expedition 8966:Stephenson 8926:C. F. Hall 8913:expedition 8887:J. C. Ross 8850:Heemskerck 8837:North Pole 8501:Heroic Age 8352:South Pole 8262:Heat waves 8231:Antarctica 7938:12 October 7684:Frank Wild 7526:Shackleton 7336:2 February 7099:10 October 7069:25 October 6976:18 January 6778:27 January 6716:3 February 6650:20 January 6622:BBC Genome 6592:19 January 6548:Koehn 2017 6459:2 February 6348:Jones 2003 6191:8 December 6160:23 January 5919:13 January 5117:7 February 5075:3 February 4940:8 February 4894:9 February 4841:Koehn 2017 4697:1 February 4669:Koehn 2017 4585:worldwide. 4578:9 February 4322:14 October 4292:12 October 4225:Mills 1999 4213:Mills 1999 4201:Mills 1999 4174:Mills 1999 3787:Crane 2005 3681:Crane 2005 3669:Crane 2005 3534:Crane 2005 3101:Jones 2003 2933:Vahsel Bay 2861:Crane 2005 2842:References 2825:Shackleton 2799:Expedition 2753:Escutcheon 2552:Royal Mail 2489:Tim Jarvis 2474:Christie's 2466:Michel Ory 2445:Shackleton 2408:Shackleton 2180:Montevideo 1966:Cape Evans 1958:The Aurora 1947:Valparaíso 1931:Luis Pardo 1731:Mrs Chippy 1580:Vahsel Bay 1438:Expedition 1436:Terra Nova 1424:Cape Adare 1419:Sheringham 1403:postmaster 1315:knighthood 1272:phonograph 1219:Frank Wild 1212:Cape Royds 1136:Frank Wild 997:Terra Nova 704:Royal Navy 506:South Pole 500:(112 490:Expedition 479:Expedition 346:Royal Navy 314:Allegiance 162:1874-02-15 113:1905-11-10 109:1904-01-11 12393:Rickinson 12386:Orde-Lees 12227:Endurance 12132:Stenhouse 12064:d'Anglade 12040:Personnel 12022:Stromness 11973:Cave Cove 11958:Locations 11834:Tolstikov 11620:Discovery 11590:HMS 11575:HMS 11557:Adventure 11555:HMS 11540:HMS 11476:Tolstikov 11197:Endurance 10982:Antarctic 10967:Drygalski 10940:Discovery 10933:Discovery 10894:Arctowski 10807:HMS 10780:HMS 10774:Abernethy 10762:HMS 10740:USS 10727:Vincennes 10725:USS 10705:Astrolabe 10645:San Telmo 10626:Adventure 10624:HMS 10609:HMS 10604:Kerguelen 10566:Continent 10551:Antarctic 10428:Urvantsev 10386:Vilkitsky 10239:Jeannette 10237:USS 10229:Jeannette 10193:Weyprecht 10171:Pakhtusov 10121:Chichagov 10114:D. Laptev 10057:Permyakov 10032:Stadukhin 10027:Perfilyev 10004:Mangazeya 9942:H. Larsen 9907:Rasmussen 9862:HMS 9833:USS 9782:HMS 9769:HMS 9733:Collinson 9723:HMS 9715:HMS 9693:HMS 9641:HMS 9626:HMS 9611:HMS 9596:Mackenzie 9583:Discovery 9581:HMS 9566:HMS 9538:Discovery 9517:Frobisher 9480:Rasmussen 9393:Gunnbjörn 9339:Greenland 9268:USS 9259:USS 9131:Ellsworth 9073:Roosevelt 9003:Nansen's 8960:Discovery 8958:HMS 8945:HMS 8892:Abernethy 8860:Marmaduke 8653:Transport 8392:Lake CECs 8369:ice sheet 8325:ice sheet 8294:Volcanoes 8284:Mountains 8239:Geography 8045:(1975) . 7640:(1999) . 7298:Mill 1923 6876:2 January 6810:2 October 6736:emmys.com 6683:9 January 6058:Wild 1923 5995:Mill 1923 5847:9 January 5550:Mill 1923 5266:USA Today 4312:USA Today 4087:Mill 1923 4075:Mill 1923 3367:Mill 1923 3204:5 January 2997:Citations 2966:Endurance 2813:RRS 2579:Endurance 2556:Endurance 2532:-forming 2450:TV serial 2440:Channel 4 2438:In 2002, 2190:Grytviken 2185:Woodville 2153:Grytviken 2130:Endurance 2042:Bolshevik 1987:the front 1941:first to 1881:Stromness 1809:Endurance 1791:Endurance 1783:Endurance 1772:Endurance 1761:Endurance 1749:Endurance 1743:Endurance 1735:Endurance 1700:Tom Crean 1676:Endurance 1674:. On the 1668:Endurance 1646:cablegram 1634:Endurance 1575:Endurance 1517:Endurance 1507:Endurance 1497:Endurance 1428:Gaussberg 1407:Nagybanya 1208:Hut Point 1201:Discovery 1170:Discovery 1161:Discovery 1002:Discovery 992:Discovery 931:frostbite 898:Discovery 870:Discovery 863:Discovery 861:Although 848:Discovery 844:Discovery 831:Discovery 813:Discovery 801:Discovery 777:troopship 723:Worcester 714:Dartmouth 709:Britannia 633:Ballitore 555:Endurance 551:Grytviken 530:Endurance 477:Discovery 453:Antarctic 297:Signature 251:Education 240:Relatives 186:Grytviken 101:In office 12459:Category 12349:McCarthy 12251:Cheetham 12237:Bakewell 12196:Richards 12138:Thompson 12109:Mugridge 12094:Kavanagh 12069:Donnelly 11846:A. Fuchs 11803:V. Fuchs 11783:McKinley 11746:E. Evans 11705:Bjaaland 11700:Amundsen 11650:Marshall 11563:Furneaux 11415:V. Fuchs 11379:E. Ronne 11374:F. Ronne 11313:Ritscher 11167:SY 11155:Filchner 11099:Framheim 11093:Amundsen 10899:Racoviță 10884:Amundsen 10879:Lecointe 10748:Ringgold 10742:Porpoise 10632:Furneaux 10468:Shevelev 10423:Begichev 10402:Amundsen 10364:Nagórski 10342:Brusilov 10336:Sv. Anna 10250:Melville 10220:Palander 10176:Tsivolko 10136:Sannikov 10131:Billings 10074:Chirikov 9993:Barentsz 9935:St. Roch 9926:Bartlett 9900:Amundsen 9884:Sverdrup 9784:Resolute 9673:Franklin 9601:Kotzebue 9468:Sverdrup 9451:Scoresby 9425:Lindenov 9276:Plaisted 9261:Nautilus 9206:Shirshov 9180:Belyakov 9175:Baydukov 9149:Nautilus 9111:Amundsen 9071:SS 9030:Sverdrup 9025:Johansen 8995:Brainard 8990:Lockwood 8845:Barentsz 8723:Category 8628:Religion 8530:Politics 8448:Wildlife 8417:Ross Sea 8279:Glaciers 8144:LibriVox 8075:(1931). 8031:(1923). 8005:(2001). 7957:Archived 7932:Archived 7858:(2001). 7840:Archived 7799:(2004). 7750:(1997). 7682:(1999). 7668:(1923). 7616:(2017). 7590:(1999). 7522:(1985). 7506:(1957). 7476:(2003). 7395:(1998). 7375:Archived 7327:Archived 7247:24 April 7241:Archived 7214:24 April 7203:Playbill 7157:Archived 7124:Archived 7093:Archived 7089:BBC News 7063:Archived 7003:Archived 6970:Archived 6936:Archived 6903:Archived 6870:Archived 6804:Archived 6772:Archived 6740:Archived 6710:Archived 6677:Archived 6644:Archived 6618:Archived 6484:Archived 6453:Archived 6327:Archived 6296:Archived 6261:Archived 6239:Archived 6216:Archived 6212:BBC News 6154:Archived 6124:Archived 6079:Archived 6033:Archived 5970:26759361 5913:Archived 5686:25 April 5302:Archived 5271:Archived 5111:Archived 5107:BBC News 5069:Archived 4934:Archived 4902:archive. 4888:Archived 4748:Archived 4691:Archived 4648:Archived 4572:Archived 4286:Archived 4284:. 2010. 3913:Archived 3331:Archived 3232:Archived 3198:Archived 3151:Archived 3080:Archived 3055:18 March 3049:Archived 3045:BBC News 3018:Archived 2785:See also 2501:Burberry 2395:Amundsen 2218:seafloor 2164:atheroma 2006:Murmansk 1908:doctored 1765:ice floe 1741:Loss of 1601:magnate 1096:Guinness 773:Boer War 769:Browning 652:Sydenham 605:Sydenham 535:pack ice 468:Sydenham 462:Born in 246:(sister) 218:Children 111: – 12471:Commons 12435:Worsley 12414:Vincent 12356:McIlroy 12342:Marston 12335:Macklin 12286:Holness 12209:Stevens 12168:Hayward 12104:Maugher 12099:Larkman 12079:Glidden 12074:Downing 11851:Messner 11798:Hillary 11778:Balchen 11726:Polheim 11720:Wisting 11598:Crozier 11570:Weddell 11548:J. Cook 11518:Kapitsa 11499:Fiennes 11441:Klenova 11410:Hillary 11360:Ketchum 11286:BANZARE 11261:· 11106:Polheim 11072:Shirase 11058:Charcot 10868:Belgica 10787:Crozier 10699:Morrell 10694:Weddell 10672:Lazarev 10617:J. Cook 10571:History 10521:Arktika 10497:Krassin 10482:Voronin 10454:Schmidt 10440:Ushakov 10379:Vaygach 10347:Albanov 10316:Rusanov 10297:Kolchak 10292:Matisen 10266:Makarov 10245:De Long 10146:Wrangel 10126:Lyakhov 10079:Malygin 10037:Dezhnev 9864:Pandora 9835:Advance 9802:Kennedy 9797:Belcher 9790:Kellett 9777:McClure 9701:Beechey 9695:Blossom 9688:Simpson 9656:Crozier 9649:Hoppner 9606:J. Ross 9574:J. Cook 9522:Gilbert 9415:J. Hall 9381:Ingólfr 9371:Naddodd 9365:Vikings 9352:Brendan 9347:Pytheas 9335:Iceland 9289:Arktika 9281:Herbert 9246:Badygin 9216:Krenkel 9201:Papanin 9170:Chkalov 9156:Wilkins 9121:Wisting 9065:F. Cook 8971:Markham 8931:Bessels 8920:Polaris 8911:Polaris 8882:J. Ross 8865:Carolus 8813:History 8733:Commons 8648:Tourism 8593:Economy 8566:Society 8488:History 8458:Mammals 8347:Islands 8303:Regions 8274:Geology 8252:Climate 8180:at the 8049:(ed.). 7963:22 July 7029:PBS.org 6449:4169765 6429:Bibcode 6039:25 June 5961:4794964 5277:9 March 3337:12 June 2950:Proceed 2536:in the 2421:BBC Two 2380:US Navy 2196:, with 2111:Tuanaki 2020:in the 1648:to the 1411:Romania 1055:as the 1007:Uruguay 951:Morning 878:Madeira 676:Dulwich 224:Raymond 212: 204: 107: ( 12428:Wordie 12370:McNish 12363:McLeod 12314:Hussey 12307:Hurley 12300:Hudson 12143:Warren 12114:Ninnis 12050:Aurora 11938:Yelcho 11918:Aurora 11908:Events 11761:Bowers 11756:Wilson 11715:Hassel 11710:Helmer 11679:Mackay 11669:Mawson 11634:Nimrod 11592:Terror 11577:Erebus 11504:Burton 11299:Rymill 11175:Mawson 11169:Aurora 11148:Lashly 11133:Wilson 11036:Nimrod 11013:Scotia 10820:Murray 10795:Cooper 10782:Terror 10764:Erebus 10733:Wilkes 10684:Palmer 10652:Vostok 10599:Bouvet 10523:-class 10503:Gakkel 10371:Taymyr 10352:Konrad 10321:Kuchin 10259:Yermak 10166:Lavrov 10084:Ovtsyn 10069:Bering 10047:Ivanov 10010:Hudson 9972:Pomors 9949:Cowper 9914:Karluk 9813:Isabel 9807:Bellot 9757:Austin 9725:Terror 9717:Erebus 9613:Griper 9589:Clerke 9549:Baffin 9532:Hudson 9463:Nansen 9376:Garðar 9297:Barneo 9164:ANT-25 9140:Italia 9116:Nobile 9085:Henson 9044:Amedeo 9020:Nansen 8985:Greely 8855:Hudson 8793:Arctic 8330:shield 8289:Tundra 8098: 8061: 8017: 7980: 7924:online 7902: 7870: 7832: 7811: 7785: 7762: 7736: 7713: 7690: 7652: 7624: 7602: 7576: 7553: 7534: 7488: 7462: 7430: 7407: 6447: 6421:Nature 5968: 5958: 5379:(film) 5140: 2797:Nimrod 2765:Orders 2719: 2715:(1916) 2696:(1910) 2614:(1909) 2530:lichen 2478:Nimrod 2372:Boston 2232:Legacy 2097:Foca I 2089:Arctic 2002:Tromsø 1974:Aurora 1970:Aurora 1939:Yelcho 1927:Yelcho 1922:Yelcho 1894:Rescue 1672:Aurora 1585:Aurora 1559: 1554:Aurora 1550: 1543:Aurora 1538: 1532: 1523: 1513: 1503: 1492: 1476:, and 1327:Nimrod 1321:. 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