398:, this upper contact is a disconformity. Away from the center, the strata of the Sixtymile Formation, an angular discordance between the formations of 6° to 10° can be seen. This unconformity has an irregular hilly surface. In case of the Sixtymile Formation, a small amount of relief, 20 m (66 ft) to 30 m (98 ft), in the Sixtymile Canyon area was the result of resistance to erosion of the Middle Member of the Sixtymile Formation (fig. 4). Local erosion removed all of the Upper Member of the Sixtymile from all but the central part of the Chuar syncline prior to the deposition of the Tapeats Sandstone
108:
230:
207:
362:
to 27 m (89 ft) thick, consists of beds of a heterogeneous mixture of laminated hematitic sandstone; thin-bedded micaceous sandstone containing rock fragments; monomict and polymict breccia; crudely bedded sandstone; and thin-bedded soft sandy siltstone. Individual beds are discontinuous and local in extent and often grade into each other. Blocks of dolomite from the underlying
Walcott Member often occur in the lower member.
370:. Chert is common to abundant within the Middle Member. The middle of this member contains numerous thin discontinuous beds of chalky-white chert. The lower part of the Middle Member is purplish red, which grades upward to a creamy, mottled-and-streaked red. This member is resistant to erosion and characteristically forms cliffs. This member forms small hills within its upper contact on either side of the
353:. In 2001, Timmons and others reassigned what had been identified as the lowest part of the Sixtymile Formation to the underlying Kwagunt Formation. The age of the Sixtymile Formation was regarded to be Precambrian until 2018, when dating of detrital zircons from it determined it to be Cambrian in age and, as a result, it is assigned to the lowermost formation of the Tonto Group.
382:. The sandstone is pale red to brown, and contains scattered rock fragments. These rock fragments include chalky-white chert derived from the middle member. Some of the sandstone exhibits fluvial crossbedding and is fanglomeratic. Massive weathering maroon conglomerate is present in the lower part of the Upper Member. It grades laterally into the sandstone.
374:. The upper contact of the Middle Member with the overlying Upper Member is sharp and unconformable. The basal sandstones of the Upper Member cut about 1.5 m (4.9 ft) into the beds of the middle member. In inaccessible exposures, conglomerate of the Upper Member appears to unconformably overly the middle member.
361:
The
Sixtymile Formation is typically subdivided into three informal members. They are (1) a lower red siltstone, sandstone, and breccia member; (2) a middle cherty quartzite member; and (3) an upper breccia-bearing sandstone and conglomerate member. The lower member, which is 22 m (72 ft)
437:
deposits created by the collapse of an active fault scarp associated with the Butte fault zone. The sediments of the Middle Member are inferred to have accumulated in standing water, presumably a lake along the axis of the Chuar syncline as indicated by its very fine grain size, the thin regular
377:
The Upper Member of the
Sixtymile Formation, which is about 12 m (39 ft), consists of fine-grained fluvial and fanglomeratic sandstone that grades abruptly into sandy conglomerate toward the axis of the syncline. It is only preserved in a narrow trough-shaped area in the center of the
272:
that is exposed in only four places in the Chuar Valley. These exposures occur atop
Nankoweap Butte and within Awatubi and Sixtymile Canyons in the eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona. The maximum preserved thickness of the Sixtymile Formation is about 60 m (200 ft). The actual depositional
466:
However, in 2018, the dating of detrital zircons by Karl
Karlstrom established that the Sixtymile Formation as being Cambrian in age, between 520 and 509 million years old. Thus, the Sixtymile Formation accumulated in lacustrine, fluvial, and shallow marine environment and are preserved within
390:
The basal contact of the
Walcott Member with the overlying Sixtymile Formation is conformable. Typically, the contact between the underlying black shale typical of the Walcott and overlying basal red sandstones of the Sixtymile Formation consists of a 1.5 m (4.9 ft) interval that is
365:
The Middle Member. which is about 25 m (82 ft) thick, of the
Sixtymile Formation consists of thin bedded, finely laminated, very fine grained cherty quartzite. The laminated quartzite of the Middle Member is folded on a moderately large scale. The thin beds and laminations of it are
391:
gradational in nature. The transition beds and the basal laminated red sandstone of the
Sixtymile Formation lack any fragmental or exotic debris, unlike the overlying strata. These field relations thus indicate that deposition was continuous across the Chuar Group–Sixtymile boundary.
284:
is a doubly plunging fold, which means that along the hingeline within the axis of the syncline, beds in some areas (Nankoweap Canyon) dip toward the south, and in other areas (Lava Chuar Canyon), beds dip toward the north. The
Sixtymile Formation, Chuar Group, and
348:
of the
Sixtymile Formation to be outcrops of red to white sandstone and siltstone with chert and interformational breccia exposed by cliffs on the north side of the upper part of Sixtymile Canyon. Later, in 1979, its spelling was changed to
467:
narrow, fault-controlled basins contemporaneous with the accumulation strata of the lower Tonto Group in the western Grand Canyon and Lake Mead regions. As a result, the Sixtymile Formation can be considered a member of the Tonto Group.
458:
In 2000, the radiometric dating of volcanic ash within the uppermost Walcott Member of the Chuar Group, 1 m (3.3 ft) below the base of the Sixtymile Formation provided a maximum age for its deposition. The U-Pb date of seven
1281:
633:
Proterozoic multistage (ca. 1.1 and 0.8 Ga) extension recorded in the Grand Canyon Supergroup and establishment of northwest- and north-trending tectonic grains in the southwestern United States.
702:
Classic Rock Tours 3. Grand Canyon Geology, One Hundred and Fifty Years after John Wesley Powell: A Geology Guide for Visiting the South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park.
674:
Karlstrom, KE, SA Bowring, CM Dehler, AH Knoll, SM Porter, DJ Des Marais, AB Weil, ZD Sharp, JW Geissman, MB Elrick, JM Timmons, LJ Crossey, and KL Davidek (2000)
665:
American Geophysical Union Fieldtrip Guidebook T115/315 for International Geologic Congress, 28th. American Geophysical Union, Washington DC. 239 pp.
421:. The sandstones and siltstones of the Lower Member are inferred to have accumulated within a lake occupying a basin formed by subsidence of the
676:
Chuar Group of the Grand Canyon: Record of breakup of Rodinia, associated change in the global carbon cycle, and ecosystem expansion by 740 Ma.
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1276:
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The upper contact of the Sixtymile Formation is a disconformity that laterally becomes an angular unconformity. Within the center of the
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Sixtymile Formation and the underlying Chuar Group are preserved only in a broad asymmetric fold comprising both units, called the Chuar
799:
793:
526:
Karlstrom, KE, Mohr, MT, Schmitz, MD, Sundberg, FA, Rowland, SM, Blakey, R, Foster, JR, Crossey, LJ, Dehler, CM and Hagadorn, JW (2020)
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Karlstrom, KE, Hagadorn, J, Gehrels, G, Matthews, W, Schmitz, MD, Madronich, L, Mulder, J, Pecha, M, Giesler, D and Crossey, L (2018)
1386:
463:, including four single grains, yielded a date of 742±6 million years ago. Thus, the Sixtymile Formation accumulated after 742±6 Ma.
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and was regarded to be the upper formation of Chuar Group of Grand Canyon Supergroup by Ford and Breed (1973). They designated the
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is bounded on the east by the Butte fault zone and on all other sides by the overlying Tapeats Sandstone. The hingeline of the
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Grand Canyon Supergroup Six Unconformities Make One Great Unconformity A Record of Supercontinent Assembly and Disassembly
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The Sixtymile Formation of Chuar Group was first recognized by Ford and Breed (1972). It was formally named the
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thickness of the Sixtymile Formation is unknown owing to erosion prior to deposition of the Tapeats Sandstone.
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parallels the trace of the Butte fault, suggesting a genetic relationship between the syncline and the fault.
898:
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Late Precambrian Sixtymile Formation and orogeny at the top of the Grand Canyon Supergroup, northern Arizona.
460:
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Natural Resource Report. NPS/GRCA/NRR—2020/2103. National Park Service. Fort Collins, Colorado. p. 601.
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450:. The Sixtymile Formation provides dramatic evidence of active faulting along the Butte fault system.
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sandstone and conglomerate that were deposited by a stream that once flowed along the trough of the
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Grand Canyon National Park: Centennial paleontological resource inventory (non-sensitive version).
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328:. The Nankoweap and Sixtymile formations together with the Chuar and Unkar groups comprise the
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The strata of the Sixtymile Formation records the accumulation of sediments adjacent to an
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Timmons, J. M., K. E. Karlstrom, C. M. Dehler, J. W. Geissman, and M. T. Heizler. 2001.
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Redefining the Tonto Group of Grand Canyon and recalibrating the Cambrian time scale.
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Cambrian Sauk transgression in the Grand Canyon region redefined by detrital zircons.
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crinkled in a manner that reflects slumping of the member toward the axis of the
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is a very thin accumulation of sandstone, siltstone, and breccia underlying the
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The Grand Age of Rocks: The Numeric Ages for Rocks Exposed within Grand Canyon
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The Neoproterozoic Earth system revealed from the Chuar Group of Grand Canyon.
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1035:
956:
946:
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Professional Paper no. 1092, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. 20 pp.
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27:
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National Register of Historic Places listings in Grand Canyon National Park
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859:
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Geology of the Grand Canyon, Northern Arizona (with Colorado River Guides).
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Name and age of the upper Precambrian basalts in the eastern Grand Canyon.
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Special Paper no. 489. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado.
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Mountain Press Publishing Co., 1983, 23rd printing, pp. 229–232,
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In DP Elston, GH Billingsley, and RA Young, RA., eds., pp. 94–105,
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In descending order, the Sixtymile Formation is underlain by the
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825:, National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.
802:, National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.
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Middle and late Proterozoic Grand Canyon Supergroup, Arizona.
439:
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No fossils have been reported from the Sixtymile Formation.
258:
Ford et al. (1972), Ford and Breed (1973), and Elston (1979)
620:
Grand Canyon Geology: Two Billion Years of Earth's History.
16:
Cambrian geologic formation found in Grand Canyon, Arizona
562:
Geological Society of America Bulletin. 84(4):1243–1260.
442:. The Upper Member consists of fine-grained fluvial and
308:. The Unkar Group lies unconformably upon deeply eroded
721:
Grand Canyon Association (publisher), 2008, 176 pages,
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Geological Society of America Bulletin. 11(2): 163–181.
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Geological Society of America Bulletin. 83(1):223–226.
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Late Precambrian Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona.
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618:, in JM Timmons and KE Karlstrom, eds., pp. 49–72,
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787:Stratigraphy of the Parks of the Colorado Plateau
774:Stratigraphy of the Parks of the Colorado Plateau
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614:Dehler, CM, SM Porter, and JM Timmons (2012)
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1277:List of trails in Grand Canyon National Park
789:. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
776:. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
719:Ancient Landscapes of the Colorado Plateau,
542:Ford, TD, WJ Breed, and JW Mitchell (1972)
409:
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813:Boatman's Quarterly Review. vol. 12, no. 1
638:
595:
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106:
982:Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument
711:
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823:(Grand Canyon Geology Training Manual)
782:Chuar Group of Grand Canyon Supergroup
832:
700:Karlstrom, KE and Crossey, LJ (2019)
687:Santucci VL and Tweet JS (ed). 2020.
1246:Powell Geographic Expedition of 1869
821:Learning to Read the Pages of a Book
1377:Natural history of the Grand Canyon
1251:1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision
800:Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona
161:60 m (200 ft), at maximum
112:Sixtymile Formation in Grand Canyon
13:
14:
1398:
792:Mathis, A., and C. Bowman (2007)
760:
704:Geoscience Canada. 46(4):163–193.
510:Nature Geoscience. 11(6):438–443.
1387:Cambrian System of North America
1338:Grand Canyon: The Hidden Secrets
1272:Grand Canyon Backcountry Camping
858:
477:Geology of the Grand Canyon area
245:the Chuar syncline, Grand Canyon
228:
205:
39:
1331:The Man Who Walked Through Time
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1372:Geologic formations of Arizona
1345:Grand Canyon: A Different View
1256:Grand Canyon Airlines Flight 6
717:Blakey, Ron and Wayne Ranney,
558:Ford, TD, and WJ Breed (1973)
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1:
899:Grand Canyon Village, Arizona
482:
749:2001, Mountaineers's Books,
733:Roadside Geology of Arizona,
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977:Grand Canyon Forest Reserve
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889:Grand Canyon National Park
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1287:Grand Canyon Conservancy
438:bedding, and its bedded
410:Depositional environment
1108:Uinkaret volcanic field
987:Grand Canyon Supergroup
874:Black Suspension Bridge
678:Geology. 28(7):619–622.
530:Geology. 48(5):425–430.
330:Grand Canyon Supergroup
1325:(2017 children's book)
818:Timmons, S. S. (2003)
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1351:Grand Canyon Escalade
1315:A Bigger Grand Canyon
1171:Little Colorado River
884:Grand Canyon Escalade
326:Vishnu Basement Rocks
972:Grand Canyon Caverns
962:Ericameria arizonica
894:Grand Canyon Skywalk
712:Popular Publications
342:Sixty Mile Formation
122:Geological formation
1002:Sixtymile Formation
997:Nankoweap Formation
967:Esplanade Sandstone
779:Anonymous (2006bb)
769:Sixtymile Formation
766:Anonymous (2006aa)
433:are regarded to be
302:Nankoweap Formation
266:Sixtymile Formation
28:Stratigraphic range
22:Sixtymile Formation
1293:Grand Canyon Suite
1176:Bright Angel Creek
1096:Bright Angel Shale
937:Agave phillipsiana
657:Elston, DP (1989)
588:Elston, DP (1979)
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1300:Desert Wonderland
1076:Redwall Limestone
1046:Hyaloclastite Dam
1017:Shinumo Quartzite
909:Marble Canyon Dam
879:Bridge Canyon Dam
815:, pp. 29–32.
270:Tapeats Sandstone
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188:intraformational
142:Tapeats Sandstone
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1382:Cambrian Arizona
1113:Vasey's Paradise
1041:Hermit Formation
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1318:(1998 painting)
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34:527–509
29:
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1323:Grand Canyon
1322:
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1307:Grand Canyon
1306:
1298:
1291:
1159:Havasu Falls
1154:Havasu Creek
1118:Venus Temple
1086:Temple Butte
1071:Prospect Dam
1061:Newton Butte
1031:Freya Castle
1001:
914:Maswik Lodge
860:Grand Canyon
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336:Nomenclature
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250:Type section
30:: Cambrian,
1309:(1958 film)
1202:Kenton Grua
1166:Kanab Creek
1091:Tonto Group
1066:Ochoa Point
1051:Isis Temple
1007:Unkar Group
992:Chuar Group
904:Kolb Studio
357:Description
306:Unkar Group
298:Chuar Group
152:Chuar Group
132:Tonto Group
1366:Categories
1207:John Hance
1149:Deer Creek
867:Facilities
755:0898867304
483:References
318:pegmatites
304:, and the
1223:Havasupai
435:landslide
351:Sixtymile
179:sandstone
175:siltstone
166:Lithology
158:Thickness
138:Underlies
1228:Hualapai
471:See also
431:dolomite
427:breccias
386:Contacts
314:gneisses
310:granites
278:syncline
255:Named by
196:Location
148:Overlies
1265:Related
929:Geology
402:Fossils
324:of the
322:schists
224:Country
213:Arizona
190:breccia
171:Primary
128:Unit of
1238:Events
1216:Tribes
1185:People
753:
739:
725:
425:. The
320:, and
280:. The
242:Extent
233:
210:
201:Region
440:chert
419:scarp
185:Other
751:ISBN
737:ISBN
723:ISBN
264:The
177:and
118:Type
42:PreꞒ
454:Age
1368::
811:.
798:,
785:,
772:,
640:^
597:^
567:^
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491:^
332:.
316:,
312:,
300:,
215:,
92:Pg
36:Ma
852:e
845:t
838:v
219:)
97:N
87:K
82:J
77:T
72:P
67:C
62:D
57:S
52:O
47:Ꞓ
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