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The foot of gastropods is covered with a thin layer of this mucus, which is used for a variety of functions, including locomotion, adherence, lubrication, repulsing predators, recognizing other snails, following a trail to a known destination and during reproduction. The discharge looks like a gel
135:
is not only used as a coating to cover the surfaces on which the snail crawls and a coating to cover the exposed soft parts of the body but also sometimes to allow a resting snail to adhere passively to surfaces, such as rock. Gastropod mucus adhesion uses a temporary sealing structure called the
85:(previously called mucopolysaccharides). Externally, one kind of mucus is produced by the foot of the gastropod and is usually used for crawling. The other kind of external mucus has evolved to coat the external parts of the gastropod's body; in land species, this coating helps prevent
209:. When inactive, many mollusks of both marine and terrestrial species, use the secretion to stick to various surfaces. However, although it is so diluted that it can commonly act as a lubricant, it can also have strong adhesive properties. In their unique mating ritual,
232:
A snail releases different kinds of mucus depending on the way it is stimulated. When the stimulation is normal, the slime is viscous (sticky) but if the snail is disturbed continuously or even violently, it releases clear
223:
and elastic, which is used to adhere to various surfaces, and a third viscous coating on the dorsal surface that is a protective barrier. Both are clearly differentiated by the type of proteins present in them.
219:, there are three types of secretion. One type is translucent and not adhesive, the kind that the snail leaves behind as it moves (the slime trail), another is similar but thicker, condensed, more
520:
Cerullo, Antonio R.; McDermott, Maxwell B.; Pepi, Lauren E.; Liu, Zhi-Lun; Barry, Diariou; Zhang, Sheng; Yang, Xu; Chen, Xi; Azadi, Parastoo; Holford, Mande; Braunschweig, Adam B. (2023-09-02).
1062:
Deng, Tuo; Gao, Dongxiu; Song, Xuemei; Zhou, Zhipeng; Zhou, Lixiao; Tao, Maixian; Jiang, Zexiu; Yang, Lian; Luo, Lan; Zhou, Ankun; Hu, Lin; Qin, Hongbo; Wu, Mingyi (2023-01-24).
621:
Hickman, C., Roberts, L. and Larson, A. (2002). Principios integrales de ZoologĂa. 11°. Ed. McGraw- Hill
Interamericana. España. Pp 328, 329, 330, 333. 98 (Spanish translation)
587:
Verdugo, P.; Deyrup-Olsen, I.; Aitken, M.; Villalon, M.; Johnson, D. (February 1987). "Molecular
Mechanism of Mucin Secretion: I. The Role of Intragranular Charge Shielding".
188:
waves and relaxations called inter waves. The waves created help propel the snail forward whilst pushing the thin layer of mucus used as lubrication, behind them. In an
1223:"Snail mucus from the mantle and foot of two land snails, Lissachatina fulica and Hemiplecta distincta, exhibits different protein profile and biological activity"
1005:"Snail mucus from the mantle and foot of two land snails, Lissachatina fulica and Hemiplecta distincta, exhibits different protein profile and biological activity"
259:. They are of various shapes and usually have a long excretory duct. There are eight different types of secreting glands. Four of these different types secrete
389:
185:
316:
857:
Pawlicki, JM; Pease, LB; Pierce, CM; Startz, TP; Zhang, Y; Smith, AM (March 2004). "The effect of molluscan glue proteins on gel mechanics".
450:
194:
article, research has been presented showing that each wave is indeed creating a propulsive force using the mucus to reduce resistance.
664:
Denny, Mark W. (February 1984). "Mechanical
Properties of Pedal Mucus and Their Consequences for Gastropod Structure and Performance".
287:
has used slime in a variety of ways to treat a variety of illnesses and cosmetic issues. It has also been used as skin creams for
96:
The slime trail that a land gastropod leaves behind is often visible as a silvery track on surfaces such as stone or concrete.
89:
of the exposed soft tissues. The foot mucus of a gastropod has some of the qualities of glue and some of the qualities of a
326:
has been developed by using natural adhesion phenomena and mechanisms, such as snail mucus gel, which exhibits excellent
148:
and it contains approximately 91 to 98% water by weight, depending on the species, combined with a small amount of high
750:"Rheological fingerprinting of gastropod pedal mucus and synthetic complex fluids for biomimicking adhesive locomotion"
640:
473:
75:
74:
both produce mucus, as does every other kind of gastropod, from marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats. The
494:
284:
17:
1305:
949:
1310:
112:
mucus between 71 proteins against ~180 related proteins that were found previously in other mollusks.
901:
Campion, Mary (1 June 1961). "The
Structure and Function of the Cutaneous Glands in Helix aspersa".
1221:
Noothuan, Nattaphop; Apitanyasai, Kantamas; Panha, Somsak; Tassanakajon, Anchalee (December 2021).
1163:
Smith, A. M. (1 December 2002). "The
Structure and Function of Adhesive Gels from Invertebrates".
749:
691:
Lai, Janice H.; del Alamo, Juan C.; RodrĂguez-RodrĂguez, Javier; Lasheras, Juan C. (2010-11-15).
1267:
1003:
Noothuan, Nattaphop; Apitanyasai, Kantamas; Panha, Somsak; Tassanakajon, Anchalee (2021-04-15).
798:
Rühs, Patrick A.; Bergfreund, Jotam; Bertsch, Pascal; Gstöhl, Stefan J.; Fischer, Peter (2021).
1201:
1075:
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in cosmetics. The
Chinese also have used the color-fast dry qualities of snail slime as a
8:
383:
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36:
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765:
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The slime trail is so thick that the animal is able to cross a sharp blade without harm.
283:
Some of the characteristics of snail slime have shown to be useful in
Chinese medicine.
215:
use a mucus thread to suspend themselves from elevated locations like tree branches. In
1249:
1222:
1117:
1104:
1063:
1039:
1004:
985:
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725:
522:"Comparative mucomic analysis of three functionally distinct Cornu aspersum Secretions"
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1268:"Probing the compositional and rheological properties of gastropod locomotive mucus"
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via muscular waves that propagate from tail to head. The snail mucus has an adapted
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that represented wealth and power. The mucus has shown to be proficient in several
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Chemically, the mucus produced by land-living gastropodes belongs to the class of
1213:
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Ewoldt, Randy H.; Clasen, Christian; Hosoi, A. E.; McKinley, Gareth H. (2007).
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Yu, Dan-Ni; Tian, Dan; He, Ji-Huan (June 2018). "Snail-based nanofibers".
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608:
247:, the discharge is composed of synthesized products from various types of
93:, allowing land snails to crawl up vertical surfaces without falling off.
380: – Natural or synthetic fibers with diameters in the nanometer range
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Locomotion in snails comes from a series of muscle contractions called
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693:"The mechanics of the adhesive locomotion of terrestrial gastropods"
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of full-thickness skin wounds in both normal and diabetic male rats.
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374: – Land located inside the front end of the foot of gastropods
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that allows transmittance of the muscular force while maintaining
1064:"A natural biological adhesive from snail mucus for wound repair"
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63:
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and they secrete their products via pores that pass between the
631:
Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004).
397: – Study of the flow of matter, primarily in a fluid state
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and mucosal surfaces of both elementary animals and mammals.
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1266:
Barajas-Ledesma, Edgar; Holland, Chris (14 September 2023).
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the slime it releases is clear and viscous. In the case of
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Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach
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159:, these glycoproteins reach weights of 82, 97 and 175
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A dendrogram (tree) showing the genetic similarity of
124:
network that functions as a protective layer for the
78:
also produces mucus internally from special glands.
635:(7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson-Brooks/Cole.
948:Yu, Dan-Ni; Tian, Dan; He, Ji-Huan (2018-06-01).
1297:
630:
1061:
800:"Complex fluids in animal survival strategies"
368: – Secretion produced by mucous membranes
34:A crawling individual of the small land snail
251:. These are all single-cell glands found in
27:External bodily secretion produced by snails
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474:Learn how and when to remove this message
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497:. Royal Society of Chemistry. 2020-03-05
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338:. It is effective in accelerating the
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445:, as they are easily broken. Please
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1165:Integrative and Comparative Biology
859:The Journal of Experimental Biology
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24:
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25:
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144:located below the snail's mouth.
76:reproductive system of gastropods
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40:leaving a slime trail behind it.
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697:Journal of Experimental Biology
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459:), or an abbreviated title.
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386: – Species of land snail
179:
1214:10.1016/j.matlet.2018.02.076
974:10.1016/j.matlet.2018.02.076
601:10.1177/00220345870660022001
285:Traditional Chinese medicine
237:secretions. If the snail is
7:
353:
10:
1327:
1288:10.3389/frsfm.2023.1201511
1240:10.1186/s13104-021-05557-0
1088:10.1038/s41467-023-35907-4
1022:10.1186/s13104-021-05557-0
925:"4-in-1 Snail Mucin Serum"
589:Journal of Dental Research
547:10.1038/s41467-023-41094-z
911:10.1242/jcs.s3-102.58.195
495:"Snail slime substitutes"
140:. Mucus is produced by a
1275:Frontiers in Soft Matter
950:"Snail-based nanofibers"
905:. S3-102 (58): 195–216.
197:Land mollusks travel by
170:The common garden snail
903:Journal of Cell Science
449:by replacing them with
441:Knowledge's style guide
350:
176:
113:
41:
1177:10.1093/icb/42.6.1164
1068:Nature Communications
526:Nature Communications
362: – Snail farming
348:
301:biological activities
169:
107:
33:
447:improve this article
390:Hemiplecta distincta
322:A new generation of
191:Experimental Biology
51:(an external bodily
1206:2018MatL..220....5Y
1080:2023NatCo..14..396D
966:2018MatL..220....5Y
826:2021SMat...17.3022R
766:2007SMat....3..634E
678:10.1093/icb/24.1.23
538:2023NatCo..14.5361C
419:Constructs such as
384:Lissachatina fulica
199:adhesive locomotion
37:Cochlicella barbara
1227:BMC Research Notes
1136:"Slime and reason"
1009:BMC Research Notes
835:10.1039/D1SM00142F
709:10.1242/jeb.046706
666:American Zoologist
351:
177:
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83:glycosaminoglycans
42:
1306:Gastropod anatomy
1194:Materials Letters
954:Materials Letters
871:10.1242/jeb.00859
865:(Pt 7): 1127–35.
810:(11): 3022–3036.
703:(22): 3920–3933.
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253:connective tissue
16:(Redirected from
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451:named references
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372:Suprapedal gland
336:biodegradability
332:biocompatibility
249:secretory glands
239:sexually aroused
228:Slime Production
150:molecular weight
120:consisting of a
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439:discouraged by
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324:tissue adhesive
313:anti-tyrosinase
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257:epidermal cells
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244:Cornu aspersum
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217:Cornu aspersum
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173:Cornu aspersum
157:Cornu aspersum
110:Cornu aspersum
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55:) produced by
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153:glycoproteins
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131:The mucus of
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47:is a kind of
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1144:. Retrieved
1142:. 2006-09-07
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929:Klove Beauty
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672:(1): 23–36.
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499:. Retrieved
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464:January 2024
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321:
319:activities.
317:anti-tumoral
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279:Medical Uses
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59:, which are
44:
43:
35:
804:Soft Matter
754:Soft Matter
532:(1): 5361.
456:quick guide
328:haemostatic
309:antioxidant
297:natural dye
142:large gland
116:Mucus is a
100:Description
87:desiccation
68:Land snails
45:Snail slime
18:Snail trail
1300:Categories
1146:2021-03-15
1074:(1): 396.
1015:(1): 138.
934:2024-07-19
817:2005.00773
501:2024-06-02
402:References
330:activity,
303:including
180:Locomotion
133:gastropods
126:integument
1122:256230314
1096:2041-1723
1031:1756-0500
990:139128984
982:0167-577X
717:1477-9145
651:752875516
556:2041-1723
428:loc. cit.
378:Nanofiber
138:epiphragm
91:lubricant
61:gastropod
53:secretion
1259:33858499
1185:21680401
1114:36693849
1049:33858499
879:14978055
844:33729256
782:32900028
735:21037072
574:37660066
565:10475054
395:Rheology
354:See also
293:dry skin
289:wrinkles
269:pigments
207:adhesion
64:mollusks
1250:8050916
1202:Bibcode
1200:: 5–7.
1105:9873654
1076:Bibcode
1040:8050916
962:Bibcode
960:: 5–7.
822:Bibcode
762:Bibcode
726:6514465
609:3476567
534:Bibcode
340:healing
265:calcium
261:protein
221:viscous
122:polymer
1257:
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334:, and
315:, and
273:lipids
57:snails
1271:(PDF)
1233:(1).
1140:Metro
1118:S2CID
986:S2CID
891:Ibid.
812:arXiv
422:ibid.
366:Mucus
235:foamy
186:pedal
155:. In
72:slugs
49:mucus
1255:PMID
1181:PMID
1110:PMID
1092:ISSN
1045:PMID
1027:ISSN
978:ISSN
875:PMID
840:PMID
778:PMID
731:PMID
713:ISSN
647:OCLC
637:ISBN
605:PMID
570:PMID
552:ISSN
437:are
434:idem
431:and
291:and
271:and
70:and
1283:doi
1245:PMC
1235:doi
1210:doi
1198:220
1173:doi
1100:PMC
1084:doi
1035:PMC
1017:doi
970:doi
958:220
907:doi
867:doi
863:207
830:doi
770:doi
721:PMC
705:doi
701:213
674:doi
597:doi
560:PMC
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