52:
1128:
363:
2492:. 2012 was the second snap election in a row. Due to ambiguity and complications with the electoral law, the 2009 election result was the subject of a legal challenge by the Greens, SSW, and The Left. In August 2010, the state Constitutional Court ruled that the electoral law was unconstitutional. The court mandated that a new electoral law be legislated within six months and that new elections be held by September 2012, two years ahead of schedule.
436:) usually lies with the incumbent, they often result in increased majorities for the party already in power provided they have been called at an advantageous time. However, snap elections can also backfire on the incumbent resulting in a decreased majority or in some cases the opposition winning or gaining power. As a result of the latter cases, there have been occasions in which the consequence has been the implementation of fixed-term elections.
802:: This election was held 18 months ahead of time in order to bring the elections for the House of Representatives and Senate back into line. They had been thrown out of balance by the double dissolution of 1983. It was widely expected that the incumbent Hawke Labor government would be easily re-elected, but an exceptionally long 10-week campaign, confusion over the ballot papers and a strong campaign performance by Liberal leader,
701:(excluding the seats representing territories) changes over every three years in July. An election for the half about to change over must take place up to a year before this is due, on a date determined by the government. By convention, the elections of both chambers have usually been held on the same day. If the previous Senate election was held close to the changeover, the next Senate election can be held significantly earlier.
3348:(Brexit), with May saying that she needed a clear mandate to lead the country through the ensuing negotiations, and hoping to increase her Conservative Party's majority. The election was a failure for May, with the Conservative Party losing seats, resulting in a hung parliament and a minority Conservative government with a confidence and supply agreement with the
1459:, but denied it was a snap election. This early election caused considerable comment. Critics claimed that Clark could have continued to govern, and that the early election was called to take advantage of Labour's strong position in the polls. The National Party was caught unprepared by the election and suffered its worst ever result (20.9% of the
2006:, but narrowly lost a vote of confidence on 7 August, leading to its resignation six days later. The Chamber of Deputies then passed a motion dissolving itself on 20 August, with a call for new elections within 60 days after presidential assent. The President gave his assent on 28 August, scheduling the elections for 25 and 26 October 2013.
3184:. The Cabinet then decided to call the election to obtain a Doctor's Mandate to fix the economy. The result was that the National Government won the biggest landslide in British history. Labour, which was blamed for running away from responsibility as a Government in the nation's hour of need, was reduced to just 52 seats and its leader,
2042:, and due to this system, a party normally providing parliamentary support for the sitting government while not being part of it, can choose to deprive the government of a parliamentary majority regarding a specific vote, but at the same time avoid calling new elections since any vote of no confidence takes place as a separate procedure.
1824:
pursuing for the PM's resignation, Thaksin called a snap election scheduled for 2 April 2006 where the opposition party supporters boycotted the polls, resulting in over 50% of voters chosen to not cast their ballots. Due to this political demonstration, Thaksin won the snap election and captured all
1318:, the eldest daughter of Nazarbayev. However, On 9 April 2019, Tokayev initiated a snap presidential election for 9 June 2019 citing the reason of avoiding "political uncertainty" and became Nazarbayev's endorsed frontrunner in the race, resulting in him being officially elected to succeed Nazarbayev.
972:
and assumed power. The Awami League and its allies did not accept the results and called a month-long general strike and blockades to overthrow the BNP government. The general strike was marred by bloody violence including a grenade attack on Awami League's headquarters which killed scores of people.
2891:
announced that he would dissolve the
Assembly on 21 October and that the election would take place on 4 December. The question arose as to whether the President could dissolve the Assembly after the seven days, in the event that no candidate was proposed. However, since this situation is not covered
1557:
government. However, on 5 November 1996, President
Leghari, a former ally of Bhutto, dismissed the government 2 years early for alleged corruption and abuse of power. The allegations included financial mismanagement, failing to stop police killings, destroying judicial independence and violating the
1056:
election is of historical importance as it was the first time a united front of parties managed to attain a majority and form a government that lasted a full term of five years, thus ending a period of political instability at the national level that had been characterised by three general elections
2997:
announced that the government was calling for a snap election on 22 March 2015, after the parliament elected on 14 September 2014 voted against the government's proposal for the 2015 state budget. However, the final order of the snap election was never carried out as six out of the eight parliament
779:
as prime minister. Labor believed it had a chance of winning the elections, and that the dismissal would be an electoral asset for them but the
Coalition attacked Labor for the economic conditions they presided over, resulting in the Coalition winning a record victory, with 91 seats in the House of
1858:
Bangkok, which intensified before the King's birthday. On 9 December 2013, Prime
Minister Yingluck Shinawatra decided to dissolve parliament and called a snap general election, which was held on 2 February 2014. This announcement came a day after the resignation of all MPs from the main opposition
1772:
reduced the maximum term length of the
Parliament to 5 years. And the President did not had the authority to dissolve the Parliament and call an Early General Election until the expiration of 4 years and 6 months from the date appointed for its first meeting. In 9 November 2018, As a result of the
977:
annulled the election results which forced the BNP government to amend the constitution in a special parliamentary session by introducing the
Caretaker government system as a part of the electoral reform. Eventually the BNP government was toppled and ousted when they resigned on 31 March 1996, and
428:
in that a completely new parliament is chosen as opposed to merely filling vacancies in an already established assembly. Early elections can also be called in certain jurisdictions after a ruling coalition is dissolved if a replacement coalition cannot be formed within a constitutionally set time
1857:
government to resign after she tried to pass a controversial amnesty bill in parliament which would permit the return of her brother
Thaksin as a free man. However, the bill was not passed because the government succumbed to pressure from weeks of street protests and blockades that took place in
2607:
in 1946, the first snap election occurred in 1972 and the latest one in 2022. After significant changes in the election system (in 1992–1993), the frequency of snap elections has been slightly reduced since new regulations granted completion of two of four parliamentary terms. Nonetheless, snap
2115:
announced an election date for 24 October 2007. The election was held ahead of time in the sense that by law, the election needed to be held before 8 February 2009, four years after the previous election. Anders Fogh
Rasmussen explained that the elections were called early in order to allow the
3362:, seeking a mandate and a majority to break the parliamentary deadlock on his Brexit deal, failed on several occasions to pass a section 2(2) motion for an early general election due to its requirement for a two-thirds majority. After failing to force the deal through with minimal scrutiny via
1819:
Party were re-elected for a second consecutive term in office when they won a landslide general election victory by securing 375 out of 500 seats in parliament. This result gave his party the power to amend the constitution since they won a two-thirds majority. However one year later, in 2006,
708:
may be called to resolve conflict between the two chambers, in which case the entire membership of both chambers comes up for election. This requires at least one bill that originated in the House of
Representatives (often called a "trigger") to be rejected twice by the Senate under certain
2745:
were snap, as they were held three months ahead of schedule. However, the early holding of election was not due to the dissolution of the State Duma, but to the postponement of the day of voting on the day on which the regional elections were held. The early elections were approved by the
2883:
within seven days after the fall of a government. If this does not happen, the president dissolves the
Assembly and calls for a snap election. The leaders of most parliamentary political parties expressed opinion that they preferred an early election instead of forming a new government.
3149:
called an election only a year later. Baldwin sought a mandate to raise tariffs, which Law had promised against in the previous election, as well as desiring to gain a personal mandate to govern and strengthen his position within the party. This backfired, as the election resulted in a
4743:
2254:, a coalition of left-wing parties were able to form a government, resulting in the longest cohabitation period in modern French history. This also marks the only time a French president has lost an election he called on his own initiative since the start of the Fifth Republic (1958).
3081:, except the one in 2015 (the date for which was fixed by law), have technically been snap elections. The term is thus normally reserved in the British context for elections called significantly earlier than required (after five years since 1911, or after seven years prior to that).
3429:
was legally obliged to call a snap election to attempt to restore a functional devolved government. This election took place on 2 March 2017. The DUP and Sinn Féin remained the two largest parties following the election, but did not reach an agreement to share power until January
724:
called an early election for the House of Representatives because the government were struggling to govern with their narrow 2-seat majority in the chamber. The government succeeded in gaining 10 seats. The election left the House and Senate elections out of synchronization until
761:. The Whitlam government was subsequently returned with a reduced majority in the House of Representatives but increased presence (but no majority) in the Senate, allowing the government to pass six reform bills in a joint sitting of the two houses of the Australian parliament.
685:
is 3 years. However, the chamber can wait several months after the election to make its first sitting, while a campaign period of at least 33 days is needed between the dates that the election is called and held. It is the norm for the chamber to be dissolved early by the
2236:, a snap parliamentary election was called to try and create a parliamentary majority for Mitterrand in order to end the cohabitation government. While his allies obtained a plurality of seats, a coalition government needed to be formed. A similar dissolution occurred in
1089:
government, control of which she had lost three years prior. The BJP accused Jayalalitha of making the demands in order to avoid standing trial for a series of corruption charges, and no agreement between the parties could be reached leading to the government's defeat.
795:
had won the Labor Party leadership on the day he sought a dissolution. Ultimately, Labor won power and defeated the Fraser government on a 24-seat swing—the largest defeat of a sitting government since 1949, and the worst defeat a sitting non-Labor government has ever
1764:
2001 general election resulted in a Cohabitation government where the President and the Prime Minister were from different parties. As the Government was unstable, President Kumaratunga dissolved the Parliament and called a general election 3 1/2 years ahead of
2349:, he called an early election in order to gain an explicit mandate to govern. To do this, he deliberately lost a confidence motion by asking for his coalition MPs to abstain. There was some controversy over this move and the decision was challenged in the
4564:
2971:" in Swedish). The wording is used to make clear it does not change the period to the next ordinary election, and the Members of Parliament elected merely serve out what remains of the four-year parliamentary term. This has however not occurred since
3343:
tabled a motion in the House of Commons for an early general election in the form detailed in section 2(2) of the 2011 Act, which was approved in Parliament by a near-unanimous vote. This was shortly after the official commencement of the process of
3262:: Six months following the February election, Wilson called another general election in an attempt to win a majority for his Labour minority government and resolve the deadlock. Wilson was successful, though Labour only held a narrow 3-seat majority.
1295:. In which the reasoning behind for consecutive snap elections were due to economic and political factors with allegations for the Kazakh leadership to systemically maintain its grip on power while leaving the opposition consolidated and unprepared.
1530:. In Punjab this saw a staged kidnapping and the moving of 130 members of the Punjab Assembly to the capital to ensure they stayed loyal to Sharif. Meanwhile, the leader of the main opposition party Benazir Bhutto threatened to lead a march on
1541:
to resolve the power struggle, Sharif and Khan resigned as prime minister and president respectively. Elections for the National Assembly were called for 6 October with elections for the regional assemblies set to follow shortly afterwards.
2190:
has the authority to dissolve the National Assembly and call an early election, provided the Assembly has not been dissolved in the preceding twelve months. When the presidential term of office was shortened from seven to five years in the
2892:
in the constitution, the decision of the President to wait the full 30 days was welcomed by the political parties. The dissolution of the Assembly, a first in independent Slovenia, took place on October 21, a minute after midnight.
1825:
the 500 seats in the house of parliament. Months later, the supreme court annulled the election results and ordered a fresh election to be held within 100 days from the date of the court's ruling. However, Thaksin was ousted in a
790:
had been emboldened by the unexpected victory in a 1982 by election which his Liberal Party was expected to lose. Fraser also sought to exploit divisions in the opposition Labor Party, and was surprised to learn that the popular
968:. The opposition had demanded a neutral caretaker government to oversee the polls, but it was rejected by the incumbent government and the election went on as scheduled. The BNP won by default, grabbing all the 300 seats in the
2724:
has the authority to dissolve the State Duma and call a snap election. However, this possibility of the president is limited, and he can use it only in two cases: if the State Duma three times in a row refused to approve the
2612:
is codified in electoral regulations. The Italian President is not required to call for a snap election, even if the prime minister asks for it, provided that the Parliament is able to form a new working majority (President
3370:, requiring only a simple majority in both houses. The bill passed and the Conservatives gained an 80 seat majority in the subsequent election, allowing the United Kingdom to leave the European Union the following January.
1623:
for a six-year term, asked Parliament to move the 1987 presidential election to 1986, in response to growing social unrest, political and economic crises, political instability, and deteriorating peace and public order.
2026:
can choose to call an early election at any time, provided that any elected parliament has already been called into session at least once (Danish Constitution art. 32, sec. 2). If a government loses its majority in the
4572:
1725:, introduced the Executive Presidency and increased the term length of the now Unicameral Parliament to 6 years. The President had the authority to dissolve the Parliament and call a Snap election at a required time.
3101:
vote in favour. During autumn 2019 there were three attempts to trigger an election through the FTPA's provision for a two-thirds majority: all failed. Then the FTPA was bypassed entirely by Parliament enacting the
588:
backfired since it was interpreted as a sign of arrogance, with some cynically viewing it as an attempt to win another mandate before an anticipated economic recession. In the biggest upset in Ontario history, the
2344:
had been ousted in October 1982 after the FDP had switched from being allied with the SPD to being allied with the CDU-CSU union. Although the majority of MPs now supported the government of the new Chancellor
3499:
1578:
was appointed interim prime minister. The National Assembly and provincial assemblies were dissolved and elections called for 3 February 1997. Bhutto denied all the charges against herself and petitioned the
3391:; established in 1998, 1999, and 1998 respectively) are also elected for fixed terms of government (four years prior to 2011, five years thereafter), but snap elections can still be called in the event of a
636:. However, Trudeau was widely criticized for calling the snap election while the country was in the midst of a 4th wave of Covid. Following the election Trudeau managed to remain Prime Minister, but the
2933:
leading to political deadlock, a fresh election was called for 26 June—the first time in Spanish recent history that an election was triggered as a result of failure in the government formation process.
631:
in an attempt to win a majority, up from his previous minority government. He justified the snap election as a way for Canadians to choose which government leads them through Canada's recovery from the
1310:
to briefly serve as the acting president until the scheduled 2020 election. From there Tokayev was widely viewed to temporarily serve the remainder of Nazarbayev's presidential term as a way to ensure
420:) is called to capitalize on an unusual electoral opportunity or to decide a pressing issue, under circumstances when an election is not required by law or convention. A snap election differs from a
1663:, which is the Upper House, cannot by dissolved. The Prime Minister shall request the Governor-General to dissolve the House of Representatives and call a General Election at a required time.
584:'s term. Peterson was polling at 54%, lower than his peak popularity but still well above the opposition party leaders, and expected to be re-elected with comfortable majority. However, the
3292:
3155:
2399:
In most German states, the parliament is able to dissolve itself. This explains why there have been many more snap elections in German states compared to the federal level, for example:
1643:
reverted to the presidential system, which made future snap elections unlikely. Fixed presidential elections are held every six years, with legislative elections held every three years.
2170:
and after consultations with the parliamentary groups, while the Parliament is in session. In prior versions of the constitution, the President had the power to do this unilaterally.
3256:
in which Labour narrowly won more seats, despite winning fewer votes than the Conservatives. Unable to form a coalition with the Liberals, Heath resigned and was replaced by Wilson.
3021:
must be newly elected. Otherwise, early elections are not intended. This being the case because the Swiss political system does not rely on stable coalitions as its government, the
1518:. However, in April 1993 President Khan dismissed Sharif for corruption and called elections for 14 July after dissolving the National Assembly. Sharif immediately appealed to the
5228:
2850:
2656:
and his family, and allegations of paying for favours in exchange for access to government ministers and officials leaked through the press, Prime Minister Juncker submitted his
1713:: As the general election in March resulted in a Hung Parliament, the Parliament was dissolved and a Snap election was held on 20 July 1960, where Sri Lanka Freedom Party led by
1455:
announced that the country would have a general election on 27 July 2002. Clark claimed that an early poll was necessary due to the collapse of her junior coalition partner, the
2608:
elections still play a role in the political debate as tools considered by political parties and the Executive branch to promote their agenda or to seize political momentum. No
2250:
called an election one year before it was scheduled to take place in an effort to catch the left-wing parties off guard. Partly due to the unpopularity of the prime minister,
2817:
was held on 4 December 2011. This was the first early election in Slovenia's history. 65.60% of voters cast their vote. The election was surprisingly won by the center-left
1526:
Khan and Sharif then began to battle for control of Pakistan for the next two months. They both attempted to secure control over the regional assemblies and in particular,
978:
handed over power to the caretaker government. The caretaker government stayed in power for 90 days before new elections could be held. Finally a snap election was held on
2774:
1796:, The President has the authority to dissolve the Parliament and call an Early General Election after 2 years and 6 months from the date appointed for its first meeting.
1980:
709:
conditions. In this case, the next Senate changeover is due in the second month of July after the election, while the House of Representatives begins a new 3-year term.
3509:
753:
years in office and whether the Australian public was willing to continue with his reform agenda, and also to break a deadlock in the Senate after Opposition Leader
531:, although courts found it effectively legally unenforceable and not binding on the prime minister. Any election that occurs before the schedule is a snap election.
1820:
Thaksin was suspected to have been indulging in corrupt business practices in his telecommunication firm 'Shincorp'. And after several protests orchestrated by the
834:– a greater mandate. The election ended in a hung parliament, and a resultant retaining of Labor's majority in the House of Representatives after negotiations with
550:, meanwhile, both lost their premierships in snap elections they themselves had called (in 1911 and 1984, respectively). The most notable federal snap election is
656:
if a vote of no-confidence is passed two times by the legislative body, who then has four months to call for new parliamentary elections or faces impeachment. The
513:
3269:
came very close to calling a snap election in the autumn of 2007; after he failed to do this, his popularity and authority greatly declined and he lost power in
2293:
may dissolve the chamber prematurely if the government loses a confidence motion (at the request of the Chancellor), or if no majority government can be formed.
3118:, which restored the Monarch's power to dissolve parliament on request by the Prime Minister. This is thought to have revived the Lascelles Principles as well.
2939:. A general election was originally due to take place in December 2023. However, after losing majorities in many regional parliaments and local councils in the
4218:
3114:: Parliament cannot pass a law that cannot be changed or reversed by a future Parliament. The Fixed-term Parliaments Act was repealed on March 24, 2022 by the
2199:
was called, presidential and parliamentary terms were synchronized, with the National Assembly elected a few weeks after the president, reducing the risk of a
1327:
4773:
1381:
by promising for a new parliamentary composition to represent the interests of "broad groups of citizens." The election saw reduced vote share for the ruling
1097:
4123:
3073:
power to call an election at will by requesting a dissolution from the monarch; the limited circumstances where this would not be granted are set out in the
1769:
1264:
Nationally, elections for president and parliament in Kazakhstan are held every seven and five years, respectively. According to the Constitutional Law, the
900:
legislated into their constitutions or electoral laws and snap elections can only be called in extraordinary circumstances when certain conditions are met (
820:
policy launch and a five-week advertising campaign. The ensuing election was almost entirely dominated by the proposed 10% GST and proposed income tax cuts.
5404:
3309:
1620:
1510:
and the party's leader, Nawaz Sharif, became prime minister. In early 1993 he attempted to strip the president of the power to dismiss the prime minister,
1704:
obtained a plurality of seats, but without a majority could not form a stable government. This Resulted in a Hung Parliament which eventually led to the
1244:. Almost all general elections of the lower house have been snap elections since 1947, when the current constitution was enacted. The only exception was
2375:
government also feared that left-wing SPD MPs were threatening to block legislation. As with the 1983 dissolution, it was challenged and upheld in the
1104:) was unable to form a coalition of parties large enough to secure a working majority in the Lok Sabha. Thus shortly after the no confidence motion,
929:
1894:
were able to put forward and then elect a candidate for prime minister in the two-week period following the resignation of incumbent Prime Minister
1754:
continued to be the Prime Minister. Since Several MPs crossed over to the opposition and the Government feared a Motion of No-Confidence, President
5255:
4645:
3641:
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cannot be dissolved, and that "snap elections" as understood under the parliamentary system cannot be invoked. However, during the presidency of
606:
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and called an election, announcing it on television while visibly drunk. Muldoon's government subsequently lost and the Labour Party took power.
3935:
3115:
4595:"59th Meeting, 6th voting (20th August 2013, 17:17) on: Draft resolution on the proposal of the President to dissolve the Chamber of Deputies"
1085:, had consistently threatened to withdraw support from the ruling coalition if certain demands were not met, in particular the sacking of the
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3962:
3367:
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1619:(parliament) can be dissolved. During the operation of that constitution, the parliament was not dissolved, but Marcos, who had earlier been
597:
won an unprecedented majority government while Peterson lost his own seat to a rookie NDP candidate. A similar result occurred in Alberta in
1583:
to reverse her dismissal. However, the court ruled in January that there was sufficient evidence for the dismissal to be justified legally.
3995:
3259:
3077:. If this does not happen, parliament dissolves automatically after five years, but this never happens; so in effect, most elections since
284:
457:
must be dissolved "five years from the date when the two Houses of the former National Assembly first met" unless dissolved sooner by the
5072:"Janša: Še ena neuspešna leva koalicija je predčasno zaključila mandat :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija"
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1837:. The military stayed in power until 2007 when they stepped down and held a general election in December that year to restore democracy.
5142:"Real Decreto 1329/2011, de 26 de septiembre, de disolución del Congreso de los Diputados y del Senado y de convocatoria de elecciones"
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announced an election date for 1 November 2022. The elections were called on 5 October following an ultimatum to the government by the
1956:
1936:
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1705:
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constituted under federal legislation, the federal parliament also has the ultimate power to call a snap election in the ACT and the
1460:
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1911:
1078:
1035:
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5050:"Türk: Neizglasovanje zaupnice močno poglablja politično krizo :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija"
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2986:'s first session after a general election. Elections may not be called by a prime minister who has resigned or been discharged.
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2576:
1165:
1022:. The outcome of the new elections was also indecisive, with no party or alliance able to create a strong majority. Although the
3126:
The following elections were called by a voluntary decision of the government less than four years after the previous election:
928:, the federal government also has the ability to call a snap election in instances of incapacitation or gross misconduct of the
2838:
2661:
2489:
2485:
2481:
1786:
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806:, saw the government's majority reduced (although this was disguised by the increase in the size of the House from 125 to 148).
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1952:
1944:
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1240:, which can be interpreted as saying that the prime minister has the power to dissolve the lower house after so advising the
1077:(India's lower house), falling short a single vote due to the withdrawal of one of the government's coalition partners – the
826:: A federal election was held on Saturday, 21 August 2010, which was called relatively early in order to give Prime Minister
772:
613:
had crossed the floor to sit with the government. However, the province was entering an economic recession due to the abrupt
5173:
1256:. The majority of LDP politicians opposed Miki's decision not to dissolve the lower house until the end of its 4-year term.
1018:(DMK) party from the government after the DMK was linked by an investigative panel to Sri Lankan separatists blamed for the
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5028:"Foto: Poslanci izrekli nezaupnico vladi Boruta Pahorja :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija"
3305:: This election was held six months before the latest possible date. It was called when the minority Labour government of
3660:
3487:
Abe, 60, was only halfway through his four-year term when he called the vote last month....His fresh four-year mandate...
3317:
3299:. It was the third general election in three years. The result was a landslide victory for Baldwin and the Conservatives.
2583:
2529:
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deliberately lost a confidence motion to trigger new elections after a series of state election losses, culminating with
2116:
parliament to work on important upcoming topics without being distracted by a future election. Referring specifically to
1863:
1415:
1185:
682:
391:
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2094:
982:, where Awami-League won a simple majority by beating its bitter rival BNP and stayed in power for the next five years.
4542:
3526:
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1976:
1853:. Later, the government faced a political crisis in November 2013 when her opponents wanted the prime minister and her
1821:
817:
528:
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in that it is initiated by politicians (usually the head of government or ruling party) rather than voters, and from a
3621:
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for 19 March 2023 under a promise to conclude "a reset and renewal of all major political institutions" following the
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with a relatively narrow 20-seat majority. The government then lost their majority after several MPs defected to the
2317:
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2233:
1515:
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1299:
1292:
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was called, which resulted in a similar stalemate. After both Likud and Blue and White failed to form a coalition, a
621:
majority victory unseated 13 cabinet ministers and ended 44 years of Progressive Conservative government in Alberta.
4203:
2978:
Elections are called by the government. Elections are also to be held if the parliament fails four times to elect a
2513:, had resigned in November 2011. Instead of triggering an immediate snap election, the government was replaced by a
5209:
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2237:
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2211:
2196:
1932:
1747:
1390:
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1355:
1351:
1347:
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may call a snap election for both and must held no later than two months respectively after which they are called.
1253:
1229:
823:
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783:
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1522:, which in May ruled by 10 to 1 that Khan had exceeded his powers and therefore restored Sharif as prime minister.
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in the National Assembly, and the new government was formed by a right-leaning coalition of five parties, led by
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5093:
3089:
From 2011 to 2022, the conditions for when a snap election could be called were significantly restricted by the
5094:"(Skoraj) v en glas: Pričakovano, dobrodošlo :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija"
4891:
3449:
3234:: The government had won a barely-workable majority of four seats, which had been reduced to two following the
3018:
2990:
2747:
2035:, but such a vote may be called, and – if lost – the government calls a new election. Denmark has a history of
1245:
812:: The election on 3 October 1998 was held six months earlier than required by the Constitution. Prime Minister
628:
562:
551:
481:
473:
469:
289:
279:
17:
5367:
4047:
2822:
1433:
occurred during a term in which the National Party government had a majority of only one seat. Prime Minister
4892:"Kocka je padla – volitve bodo 4. decembra :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija"
4843:
3022:
2972:
2936:
2926:
2922:
2901:
2552:
2540:
to dissolve a newly elected parliament that is unable to form a government. Ten days after the election, the
2477:
1511:
1449:
1403:
1335:
1019:
881:
845:
687:
598:
585:
300:
3198:
called the election to increase his government's majority, which had been reduced to just five seats in the
2334:. Benefitting from Brandt's personal popularity, the government was re-elected with a strengthened majority.
2289:
must take place within 46–48 months (every four years) after the first sitting of the previous chamber. The
1849:
became Thailand's first female prime minister on 3 August 2011 when she won a landslide election victory on
71:
3162:, who formed the country's first ever Labour minority government with tacit support from the Liberal Party.
3025:, acts independently from the Assembly and bills voted on by parliament are dealt on a case-by-case basis.
2940:
2846:
2810:
2376:
2356:
2127:
2105:
2098:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
1426:
opposition equivocated and thus annoyed both sides. The government was returned with an increased majority.
1041:
991:
953:
925:
921:
768:
618:
590:
488:
increased its majority by 9 percent as it made Belizean history, forming its third consecutive government.
1271:
Virtually every presidential election in Kazakhstan since independence had been held ahead of schedule in
3418:
coalition partners, and the subsequent refusal of Sinn Féin to nominate a new deputy First Minister, the
2522:
2467:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2138:
2120:, he said rival parties would then try to outdo each other with expensive reforms which would damage the
1891:
1604:
1201:
974:
691:
633:
609:
called a snap election. A few months before, 11 MLAs including their leader from the official opposition
115:
5333:
4175:
3000:
2837:. the National Assembly consists of 90 members, elected for a four-year term, 88 members elected by the
1826:
529:
set the election date on the third Monday in October in the fourth calendar year after the previous poll
3470:
3419:
3014:
2876:
2834:
2826:
2453:
2449:
2437:
2183:
1850:
1842:
1809:
1805:
1782:
1740:
of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party, became the Prime Minister ending the 17 years of UNP rule in Sri Lanka.
1503:
1489:
1438:
1419:
1007:
539:
458:
454:
4943:
767:: The election followed the controversial dismissal of the Whitlam government by Governor-General Sir
4435:
4384:
3707:
3415:
3380:
3349:
3098:
2717:
2697:
2673:
2514:
2388:
2200:
2167:
2131:
2109:
2045:
Notably, Denmark faced a number of very short parliaments in the 1970s and the 1980s. Prime Minister
2023:
1921:
1859:
1722:
1580:
1519:
1322:
Snap parliamentary elections have also become more frequent in Kazakhstan's politics. Originally the
1180:'s mandate for coalition formation ended, the Knesset voted to dissolve itself (preventing president
1015:
433:
417:
3607:
1139:
757:
announced that the opposition would block the Government's supply bills in the Senate following the
5252:
5229:"Spain calls snap general election after right, far-right, inflict heavy local and regional defeat"
2979:
2872:
2726:
2305:
1899:
1751:
1683:
1612:
1559:
1423:
1382:
1101:
1003:
617:, and Prentice's budget was not well received by either the political left or right. The resulting
555:
158:
5276:
4405:
3858:
3556:
1034:
getting support from 286 members out of 545, the government collapsed again in late 1998 when the
3578:
3542:
3392:
3313:
3277:
3235:
3134:
2944:
2913:
2685:
2273:
2163:
2019:
1733:
1679:
1265:
1225:
1031:
924:
retains the ability to call a snap election at any time despite the fixed election dates. In the
901:
849:
637:
384:
241:
4353:"Top Two Political Powers Resign In Pakistan – Benazir Bhutto Sees Opportunity To Regain Status"
3522:
2964:
2709:
2560:
2372:
1693:
1611:, the constitution starting from 1973, and first applied in 1978, placed the country under the
1496:
and the failure of the government to fulfill the promises it had made during the 1988 campaign.
1493:
1477:
1386:
1062:
1023:
508:
450:
333:
4876:
2229:
5306:
4670:[Agreement between Papandreou and Samaras for coalition government] (in Greek). In.gr
3730:"Constitutional Act of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Elections in the Republic of Kazakhstan"
3661:"Government Falls, Indian Premier Quits; Coalition Splits Amid Gandhi Assassination Debate",
3594:
3054:
2880:
2693:
2665:
2599:
In Italy, national snap elections have been quite frequent in modern history, both under the
2179:
2142:
2112:
1755:
1737:
1714:
1675:
1366:
1307:
1237:
867:
580:
A snap election was also called in the province of Ontario in 1990, three years into Premier
412:
that is called earlier than the one that has been scheduled. Generally, a snap election in a
173:
168:
3220:
took over and immediately called the election in order to gain a mandate for his government.
1346:
which saw pro-Nazarbayev candidates being elected as deputies. Snap elections took place in
960:, where elections were boycotted by all major opposition parties including BNP'S arch-rival
3074:
2879:
within 30 days and a candidate has to be proposed by either members of the Assembly or the
2730:
2689:
2614:
2368:
2290:
2159:
2036:
2015:
1995:
1778:
1656:
1632:
1339:
1303:
1112:
1066:
1027:
897:
649:
520:
413:
274:
8:
3791:
3384:
3046:
3034:
2806:
2770:
2721:
2634:
2541:
2537:
2187:
2089:. For more than 40 years, no Danish parliament has sat its full four-year term, although
2039:
1846:
1600:
1596:
1311:
913:
863:
859:
852:
570:
566:
85:
5429:
4620:
3781:
2360:
1402:
New Zealand elections must be held every three years, and the date is determined by the
5453:
5141:
4491:
4469:
4431:
4380:
4329:
4301:
4274:
4241:
3176:
offered his resignation to the King in August 1931. He was instead persuaded to form a
3093:(FTPA) to occasions when the government loses a confidence motion or when a two-thirds
3078:
2568:
2473:
2407:
2384:
2121:
2032:
1812:
1652:
1571:
1385:
party, resulting in an appearance of various newly formed political factions including
1374:
1331:
1315:
1177:
1105:
937:
732:
705:
377:
203:
3500:"Our Labour landslide victory/mid-summer election story is just an April Fools' prank"
677:
There are three procedures in which federal elections can be held early in Australia:
661:
5341:
5123:
4357:
4180:
3970:
3426:
3411:
3321:
3213:
3203:
3181:
2842:
2818:
2618:
2506:
2353:, but given approval. Kohl's government won the election with a net loss of one seat.
2215:
2134:
1960:
1948:
1866:
1785:
declared this move unconstitutional, which effectively set the election date back to
1701:
1616:
1527:
933:
917:
839:
698:
653:
574:
319:
183:
153:
80:
36:
4565:"Lawmakers dissolve parliament's lower house, Czech Republic to hold early election"
3538:
4818:
4689:
4667:
4594:
3787:
3677:
3646:
3626:
3320:
and was taken forward by the Conservatives, by one vote. The Conservatives, led by
3288:
3185:
3173:
3169:
3159:
2905:
2604:
2600:
2463:
2331:
1999:
1660:
1608:
1563:
1369:'s reelection win in November 2022, he called snap elections for the lower chamber
1241:
1169:
1111:
dissolved the Parliament and called fresh elections. Atal Bihari Vajpayee remained
875:
558:
524:
344:
339:
256:
223:
193:
178:
135:
110:
105:
100:
90:
5310:
2994:
2947:
2860:
The election was previously scheduled to take place in 2012, four years after the
2141:(which had been providing external support) due to the outcome of a report on the
2046:
1184:
from transferring the mandate for coalition formation to the second-largest party
888:
called the election a year early for the same reason as Gutwein (his predecessor).
535:
5259:
4914:"Republic of Slovenia Early Elections for Deputies to the National Assembly 2011"
4748:
4721:
4149:
3306:
3253:
3151:
3146:
2919:, who had already announced his intention to call for a snap election on 28 July.
2786:
2609:
2555:, in which the proposed bailout program was rejected with a 61.31% majority, the
2380:
2261:
2204:
2146:
1895:
1854:
1671:
1636:
1631:. Marcos declared himself the official winner of the election but was eventually
1108:
1070:
885:
543:
421:
367:
349:
324:
246:
120:
76:
4965:
4854:
1994:
was forced to resign on 17 June 2013, after a corruption and bribery scandal. A
1492:. However, by 1990 there was discontent over rising lawlessness, allegations of
1306:
unexpectedly resigned from office on 19 March 2019, leading for Senate Chairman
51:
4073:
3574:
3504:
3249:
3195:
3050:
2638:
2341:
2247:
2195:, presidential terms became equal in length to legislative terms. Until a snap
2117:
1972:
1481:
1434:
1330:
which previously consisted of former Communist legislators and paved way for a
1082:
1053:
999:
969:
905:
803:
787:
776:
721:
625:
614:
610:
581:
465:
198:
163:
95:
3180:
with the Conservatives and Liberals, which resulted in his expulsion from the
2888:
2830:
2559:
government accepted the program, relying on votes from the opposition parties
2391:
being formed between the CDU-CSU and SPD. Schröder lost his chancellorship to
2251:
1038:, with its 18 seats, withdrew their support, leading to new elections in 1999.
5447:
5345:
5127:
4917:
3974:
3448:
Ripley, Will; McKirdy, Euan; Wakatsuki, Yoko; Yan, Holly (14 December 2014).
3359:
3296:
3227:
3094:
3038:
2982:. Elections may not otherwise be called during the first three months of the
2909:
2778:
2392:
1816:
1538:
1422:
government sided with shipping companies against a militant union, while the
1233:
1181:
961:
866:. The Liberals won the 2021 state election with a majority of one seat, with
855:
827:
754:
736:
213:
4668:"Κατ' αρχήν συμφωνία Παπανδρέου — Σαμαρά για την κυβέρνηση συνεργασίας"
4518:"Armenians head to polls in first ever snap parliamentary election (PHOTOS)"
3328:
The following two elections were called by the will of Parliament while the
3238:
in January 1965. Labour won a decisive victory, with a majority of 98 seats.
2645:(SREL). The review found Juncker deficient in his control over the service.
2101:, in all cases, the prime minister has called elections at an earlier date.
1991:
780:
Representatives to the ALP's 36 and a 35–27 majority in the expanded Senate.
5192:"The King doesn't nominate any candidate heading to a new election in June"
3266:
3245:
3217:
2660:
to the Grand Duke on 11 July 2013, upon knowledge of the withdrawal of the
2301:
1575:
1093:
965:
602:
188:
4865:
3407:
2049:
lead a series of coalition minority governments calling elections in both
940:
through the normal legislative process, although this has never occurred.
5263:
5005:
3963:"Nazarbayev ally wins big in Kazakhstan election after hundreds arrested"
3340:
2865:
2854:
2790:
2657:
2649:
2346:
1830:
1781:
attempted to dissolve the Parliament and call a general election but the
1696:
dissolved Parliament and called a general election as Ceylon's governing
1592:
1562:. A number of PPP party members were detained including Bhutto's husband
1452:
1189:
1011:
949:
813:
758:
547:
506:, snap elections at the federal level are very common. Section 50 of the
477:
425:
66:
5430:"Stormont deal: Arlene Foster and Michelle O'Neill new top NI ministers"
4587:
3755:"Kazakh 'Rerun:' A Brief History Of Kazakhstan's Presidential Elections"
1935:
there has been a political stalemate which has led to snap elections in
1127:
362:
4517:
3053:
shortly after his inauguration to win a parliamentary majority for his
2713:
2630:
2326:
1736:
dissolved the Parliament and called a General election in August 1994.
1249:
1086:
1049:
956:
five-year term ended in January 1996, the country went to the polls on
871:
831:
480:
ruled out the possibility of a snap election later in the year. In the
329:
208:
4866:КС РФ решит, можно ли в 2016 году проводить досрочные выборы в Госдуму
4237:"Crime Weakens Support for Bhutto, Even in Her Traditional Power Base"
2729:, or twice in three months pass a motion of no confidence against the
2166:
currently in use, the president can do this only upon proposal by the
1370:
3138:
2696:
if a government has not been formed in 60 days and two proposals for
2517:
which had a remit to ratify and implement decisions taken with other
2286:
2028:
1554:
1531:
1200:
resulted in yet another stalemate. Progress has been made due to the
1074:
909:
792:
130:
5334:"In Ukraine Snap Elections, New President Aims to Consolidate Power"
4752:
4074:"Has Kazakhstan Become More Democratic Following Recent Elections?"
3230:
called the election seventeen months after Labour narrowly won the
3070:
2814:
2760:
2741:
2633:
on 20 October 2013. The elections were called after Prime Minister
2518:
1670:: Even though the elections were not due till 1957, Prime Minister
1566:
who was accused of taking commissions for arranging official deals.
893:
542:
to call two snap elections, in 1997 and 2000, winning both times.
409:
218:
43:
5156:"Zapatero convoca el 20-N para que "otro Gobierno dé certidumbre""
4124:"Drunk, defiant Muldoon snaps, calls election - 150 years of News"
2575:
were called for 20 September of the same year, 8 months after the
3936:"Nazarbayev protégé wins Kazakhstan elections marred by protests"
3041:
higher than 50%. A snap election was most recently held with the
2983:
2603:
and in the current republican phase. After the foundation of the
2505:
held snap elections in two consecutive months. The government of
2403:
2321:
1887:
1627:
In the Philippines, the term "snap election" often refers to the
1176:-led governing coalition, on the day transitional prime minister
830:– who had won the prime ministership outside of an election from
594:
4717:"Greek Parliament Approves €85bn Bailout after Rancorous Debate"
4597:. Poslanecká Snemovna Parlamentu Ceske Republiky. 20 August 2013
3194:: Despite the fact the Conservatives were leading in the polls,
2789:
involving local center-right politicians, former Prime Minister
2207:, which is the upper house, can never be dissolved prematurely.
1700:(MEP) coalition was falling apart. United National Party led by
1406:. There have been three snap elections, in 1951, 1984 and 2002.
998:
in 1998, after the government elected in 1996 collapsed and the
3581:. IV.50. Westminster: Queen's Printer (published 29 March 1867)
3388:
3345:
2556:
2502:
2433:
2219:
503:
251:
3622:"Trudeau criticized for calling Canadian election in 4th wave"
3004:(The December Agreement). The agreement was dissolved in 2015.
2887:
As no candidates were proposed by the deadline, the President
2525:(IMF) a month earlier. This government served for six months.
1463:), and the government was returned with an increased majority.
816:
made the announcement following the launch of the coalition's
4749:"Greece Vote Set for 20 September as Interim PM Takes Office"
4535:
3450:"In Japan snap elections, voters back Abe's economic reforms"
3248:
called the election in order to get a mandate to face down a
2641:, announced his resignation over a spy scandal involving the
2564:
2459:
1834:
1221:
1173:
1115:
prime minister till the elections were held later that year.
1045:
995:
468:
in September 1981, snap elections have been called twice, in
4648:[My constitution] (in Danish). Parliament of Denmark
3807:"Kazakhstan's leader resigns after almost 30 years in power"
2781:
vote her government had lost because of its support for the
2637:, at the time the longest serving head of government in the
690:
before its term expires, which is done on the advice of the
3911:"Kazakhstan to hold early presidential elections on 9 June"
3642:"Trudeau's Liberals win Canada election, but miss majority"
3168:: Following his government split over how to deal with the
2571:. Since many Syriza MPs refused to support the government,
1925:
1192:, with respect to the process defined by the law). Thus, a
1048:
from 5 September to 3 October 1999, a few months after the
4964:. Slovenian Press Agency. 10 February 2012. Archived from
4022:"Why Is Kazakhstan Holding Early Parliamentary Elections?"
1603:
imposed for more of its history than not. This means that
1553:
and Benazir Bhutto became prime minister at the head of a
5116:"Predsednik Türk razpustil parlament in razpisal volitve"
4495:
4465:
4409:
4325:"The Verdict on Two Courts; Judicial Courage in Pakistan"
3447:
3137:
had won a working majority in the House of Commons after
2395:
due to his party narrowly coming second in the elections.
4557:
2998:
parties reached an agreement on 27 December 2014 called
2775:
Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party
5303:"Voters Committee Predicting 60% Snap Election Turnout"
4988:"Slovenia gets new cabinet, two months after elections"
4609:
3110:. This required only a simple majority, because of the
2908:
were dissolved and the general election called by King
2864:. However, on 20 September 2011, the government led by
2367:, caused the opposition to gain a wide majority in the
1758:
dissolved the Parliament and called a general election.
1208:
was formed. However, another snap election was held in
786:: While an election was not due for seven more months,
5210:"Spain, forced to repeat elections for the first time"
4954:
4941:
3158:
in January 1924, Baldwin resigned and was replaced by
2162:
can call for an early election. As per the version of
1928:
were able to form a coalition with a tied parliament.
1746:
2000 general election lost the majority of the ruling
1732:
Even though the elections were due in 1995, President
1168:
in April 2019 resulted in a political stalemate after
4819:"Luxembourg PM Juncker offers government resignation"
4790:"Luxembourg spying scandal breaks Juncker government"
4462:"Pakistan president fires Bhutto, calls new election"
4270:"Pakistan Government Collapses; Elections Are Called"
2548:
resulted in the formation of a coalition government.
2285:
In the Federal Republic of Germany, elections to the
1342:, it was dissolved a year later and were followed by
5394:"Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Bill 2021-22"
3884:"Kazakhstan president calls snap elections for June"
3859:"Nazarbayev's daughter becomes Kazakh heir apparent"
2544:
announced that a second election would be held. The
3996:"Kazakhstan The Election of 1994 and Its Aftermath"
3780:Nurumov, Dmitry; Vashchanka, Vasil (20 June 2019).
3291:was forced to call the election after a successful
2769:. The election followed the fall of Prime Minister
1975:on 25 and 26 October 2013, seven months before the
1721:As the Senate of Ceylon was abolished in 1971, The
1655:, House of Representatives, the Lower House of the
858:called the election a year early after the Liberal
5174:"Pedro Sánchez: "We are doomed to a new election""
4774:Luxembourg calls early elections after spy scandal
4640:
4638:
4406:"Sharif takes office as Pakistan's prime minister"
3471:"Japanese voters re-elect Abe in low poll turnout"
3414:over various issues and scandals with his party's
3106:stipulating a set date for the next election: the
3079:the length of parliament was first limited in 1694
2330:foreign policy, especially the recognition of the
1890:on 9 December 2018, as none of the parties in the
3833:"Kazakhstan: Real Power Transition Still to Come"
3779:
3675:
2950:announced a snap election to be held on 23 July.
2672:. Juncker urged the Grand Duke for the immediate
2648:After a spy scandal involving the SREL illegally
2065:. Likewise, his predecessors called elections in
1549:: The PPP won the largest number of seats in the
1065:(BJP) coalition government led by Prime Minister
5445:
5144:. Boletín Oficial del Estado. 26 September 2011.
3554:
3358:: In September and October 2019, Prime Minister
2536:were unsuccessful. The constitution directs the
4937:
4935:
4916:. National Electoral Commission. Archived from
4635:
4617:"Zeman confirms dissolution of the lower house"
3783:Presidential Terms in Kazakhstan: Less is More?
1692:Elections were due on 1961, But Prime Minister
1326:was held as a result of the dissolution of the
607:Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta
523:to five years following the return of the last
4813:
4811:
4204:"New Zealand's early general election of 2002"
4048:"A Fair State. One Nation. Prosperous Society"
3856:
3704:"The Thirteenth Election of India's Lok Sabha"
3116:Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022
2825:. However, he failed to be elected as the new
1898:. They were the first elections following the
652:allows for the dissolution of Congress by the
561:called an election just nine months after the
4619:. Radio Praha. 28 August 2013. Archived from
3516:
3104:Early Parliamentary General Election Act 2019
3084:
2763:on 10 March 2012 to elect 150 members of the
2272:made heavy losses and the far-right populist
1902:and the country's first-ever snap elections.
1002:was convened. New elections were called when
385:
5368:"What happens when Parliament is dissolved?"
5331:
5253:Stefan Löfven utlyser extra val (in Swedish)
4980:
4932:
4784:
4782:
4492:"Pakistani court upholds Bhutto's dismissal"
4263:
4261:
4259:
4201:
3539:31798 "Hon. Barrow Pleased, Avoids Gloating"
2845:and 2 members elected by ethnic minorities (
1537:Finally on 18 July, under pressure from the
1212:after collapse of the coalition government.
432:Since the power to call snap elections (the
5184:
4808:
4345:
4202:Church, Stephen; McLeay, Elizabeth (2002).
4176:"John Key, modest constitutional innovator"
4167:
4045:
3857:Astrasheuskaya, Nastassia (20 March 2019).
2925:: After no party secured a majority in the
2875:, the National Assembly has to elect a new
2720:) is elected for a five-year term, but the
2664:from the government and thereby losing its
4942:Slovenian Press Agency (7 February 2012).
4886:
4884:
4078:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
3364:a long prorogation that was ruled unlawful
3324:, won a majority of seats at the election.
2961:Instrument of Government (Regeringsformen)
2264:called a snap election in response to the
1869:, which boycotted the election afterwards.
1014:, after they refused to drop the regional
892:In the states and territories, all except
775:and the installation of Opposition Leader
713:Examples of early elections in Australia:
464:Since Belize gained independence from the
392:
378:
4779:
4373:
4256:
4234:
3830:
3701:
3665:, November 29, 1997, by Kenneth J. Cooper
3532:
3276:The following elections were forced by a
1334:. However due to the nature of the newly
735:election focused on Labor Prime Minister
476:. In March 2015, Belizean Prime Minister
5365:
4944:"Enter the Political Year of the Dragon"
4744:Presidential Decree 66 of 28 August 2015
4690:"Greece to hold new election on 17 June"
4456:
4454:
4452:
4317:
4046:Bulatkulova, Saniya (2 September 2022).
3678:"Jayalalitha: Actress-turned-politician"
3573:
3545:. 5 March 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
3477:. Agence France Presse. 15 December 2014
3206:returned to power with a majority of 17.
1971:Snap general elections were held in the
1955:, with another snap election called for
1639:marred the election. A new constitution
1079:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
1036:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
624:In 2021, sitting Liberal Prime Minister
4881:
4484:
4424:
4289:
4071:
3804:
3424:Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
3400:2017 Northern Ireland Assembly election
3374:
3252:. The election unexpectedly produced a
2712:, according the article 109, while the
2621:after the loss of confidence in 1994).
2617:denied snap election to Prime Minister
2149:, which was critical of the government.
1236:. The act is based on Article 7 of the
534:During his 10 years as prime minister,
516:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
461:upon the advice of the prime minister.
14:
5446:
4962:"Janša Formally Takes Over from Pahor"
4398:
4267:
3960:
2839:party-list proportional representation
2777:-led coalition in October 2011 over a
2759:A snap general election took place in
1678:led by Kotelawala was defeated to the
1358:under the pretext of economic issues.
27:Election called earlier than scheduled
5401:Researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk
4449:
4228:
4173:
3908:
3379:The devolved UK administrations (the
3043:2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election
2993:: On 3 December 2014, Prime Minister
2833:, the president of the second-placed
2629:Early general elections were held in
2532:produced a deadlocked parliament and
2193:2000 French constitutional referendum
2186:is elected for a five-year term, the
1674:called an early election. The Ruling
1437:lost patience with his less obedient
658:2020 Peruvian parliamentary elections
640:failed to win a majority government.
4714:
4019:
3702:Oldenburg, Philip (September 1999).
3555:Chrisbert Garcia (5 November 2015).
3280:against the will of the government:
3202:. The Labour Party was defeated and
3067:prime minister of the United Kingdom
2868:fell after a vote of no confidence.
2805:A parliamentary election for the 90
2676:and the calling of a snap election.
2589:June 2023 Greek legislative election
1912:2021–2023 Bulgarian political crisis
1122:
1081:(AIADMK). The leader of the AIADMK,
5332:Nechepurenko, Ivan (21 July 2019).
4906:
4844:Article 89, Constitution of Romania
4020:Putz, Catherine (26 January 2016).
3676:BBC World Service (19 April 1999).
3346:withdrawing from the European Union
3112:doctrine of parliamentary supremacy
2912:on 26 September, at the request of
2797:won an absolute majority of seats.
2662:Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party
2584:May 2023 Greek legislative election
2324:opposition due to the government's
1448:. On 12 June 2002 the Labour Party
1224:, a snap election is called when a
683:Australian House of Representatives
667:
24:
5226:
4992:Europe Online ate=10 February 2012
4268:Gargan, Edward A. (19 July 1993).
4224:from the original on 1 April 2018.
3792:10.1093/oso/9780198837404.003.0012
3706:. The Asia Society. Archived from
3527:Political Database of the Americas
3523:Belize / Belice: Constitution 1981
3395:, or other special circumstances.
3013:Following a total revision of the
2643:Service de Renseignement de l'Etat
2240:after Mitterrand's first election.
1534:unless new elections were called.
1160:2019–2022 Israeli political crisis
25:
5465:
5372:www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk
5366:Marshall, Joe (31 October 2019).
5309:. 16 October 2008. Archived from
5277:"Klart: Det blir inget extra val"
5227:AP, Carlos E. Cué (29 May 2023).
4468:. 5 November 1996. Archived from
4235:Crossette, Barbara (6 May 1990).
4211:Australasian Parliamentary Review
3831:Mallinson, Kate (22 March 2019).
3312:, which had been proposed by the
3060:
2783:European Financial Stability Fund
2234:that year's presidential election
1966:
1206:thirty-fifth government of Israel
1044:: General elections were held in
994:: General elections were held in
5410:from the original on 5 July 2021
4571:. 20 August 2013. Archived from
4545:. European Voice. 13 August 2013
4297:"Pakistan Seeks 2-Party Cabinet"
4072:Abishev, Gaziz (12 April 2023).
3805:Leonard, Peter (19 March 2019).
3339:: In April 2017, Prime Minister
2688:, according the article 89, the
2095:Lars Løkke Rasmussen III Cabinet
1829:, forcing him into exile in the
1484:won a plurality of seats in the
1126:
498:List of snap elections in Canada
361:
50:
5422:
5386:
5359:
5325:
5295:
5269:
5246:
5220:
5202:
5166:
5148:
5134:
5108:
5086:
5064:
5042:
5020:
4998:
4870:
4859:
4855:Chapter 5. The Federal Assembly
4848:
4837:
4767:
4737:
4708:
4682:
4660:
4510:
4195:
4142:
4116:
4091:
4065:
4039:
4013:
3988:
3961:Lillis, Joanna (10 June 2019).
3954:
3928:
3902:
3876:
3850:
3824:
3798:
3773:
3747:
3722:
3695:
3669:
3654:
3406:. Following the resignation of
3330:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011
3091:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011
2340:: The government of Chancellor
2022:art. 32, sec. 1); however, the
1983:'s four year legislative term.
1822:People's Alliance for Democracy
1659:, is elected to a 5 year term.
1414:occurred immediately after the
1198:third consecutive snap election
449:According to Section 84 of the
5030:. Rtvslo.si. 20 September 2011
4715:Hope, Kerin (14 August 2015).
3909:Gotev, Georgi (9 April 2019).
3634:
3614:
3567:
3548:
3508:. 1 April 2017. Archived from
3492:
3463:
3441:
3318:Scottish devolution referendum
3242:February 1974 general election
3008:
2991:2014 Swedish government crisis
2546:June 2012 legislative election
2031:, this is not automatically a
2018:take place every fourth year (
1845:: Thaksin Shinawatra's sister
1686:who became the Prime Minister.
1586:
1397:
1379:2022 constitutional referendum
1100:and largest opposition party (
660:were declared after President
482:November 2015 general election
13:
1:
4877:Constitutional Court Decision
4174:James, Colin (14 June 2011).
4150:"Muldoon calls snap election"
3434:
3368:a bill to bypass the 2011 Act
3260:October 1974 general election
2967:allows an "extra election" ("
2624:
2534:attempts to form a government
2530:May 2012 legislative election
2266:European Parliament elections
2218:called a snap election after
1259:
1020:assassination of Rajiv Gandhi
943:
882:2024 Tasmanian state election
846:2021 Tasmanian state election
586:1990 Ontario general election
519:limits the maximum life of a
5216:(in Spanish). 26 April 2016.
5198:(in Spanish). 26 April 2016.
5180:(in Spanish). 26 April 2016.
3759:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
3402:: Held ten months after the
2917:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
2795:Direction – Social Democracy
2377:Federal Constitutional Court
1933:2020–2021 Bulgarian protests
1916:Snap elections were held in
1884:Snap parliamentary elections
1690:1960 March general election:
1646:
1314:and hand over the office to
1252:was isolated within his own
954:Bangladesh Nationalist Party
926:Australian Capital Territory
818:Goods and Services Tax (GST)
672:
619:Alberta New Democratic Party
591:Ontario New Democratic Party
7:
5052:. Rtvslo.si. 29 August 2011
4894:. Rtvslo.si. 27 August 2011
3529:. (accessed 9 October 2014)
2941:28 May 2023 local elections
2800:
2754:
2523:International Monetary Fund
2228:: After the re-election of
1905:
1799:
1706:1960 July general election.
1467:
975:Supreme Court of Bangladesh
870:forming opposition and the
439:
224:Right to stand for election
10:
5470:
5374:. Institute for Government
5006:"Državna volilna komisija"
4543:"Czech government resigns"
3420:Northern Ireland Executive
3404:previous Assembly election
3156:losing a confidence motion
3121:
3085:Fixed-term Parliaments Act
3028:
3015:Swiss Federal Constitution
2835:Slovenian Democratic Party
2679:
2379:. The election produced a
2280:
2153:
2009:
2002:was then appointed by the
1909:
1878:
1775:2018 Constitutional crisis
1711:1960 July general election
1629:1986 presidential election
1504:Pakistan Muslim League (N)
1344:1995 legislative elections
1300:2019 presidential election
1248:, when the Prime Minister
1157:
773:1975 constitutional crisis
495:
484:, Prime Minister Barrow's
5074:. Rtvslo.si. 29 July 2011
4436:Inter-Parliamentary Union
4385:Inter-Parliamentary Union
3381:Northern Ireland Assembly
3350:Democratic Unionist Party
3200:previous general election
2954:
2738:2016 legislative election
2703:
2674:dissolution of parliament
2515:national unity government
2511:2009 legislative election
2496:
2383:due to the gains made by
2258:2024 legislative election
2244:1997 legislative election
2226:1988 legislative election
2212:1968 legislative election
2197:2024 legislative election
2173:
1922:Bulgarian Socialist Party
1873:
1615:of government, where the
1389:for the first time since
1363:2023 legislative election
1324:1994 legislative election
1194:snap legislative election
1118:
1030:retained his position of
1016:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
720:: Liberal Prime Minister
491:
444:
434:dissolution of parliament
418:dissolution of parliament
4432:"ELECTIONS HELD IN 1997"
4381:"ELECTIONS HELD IN 1993"
3579:"Constitution Act, 1867"
3316:in the aftermath of the
3310:lost a confidence motion
3037:a snap poll must have a
3001:Decemberöverenskommelsen
2895:
2881:President of the country
2787:major corruption scandal
2594:
2306:social-liberal coalition
1988:elected in May 2010
1959:, after the fall of the
1752:Ratnasiri Wickremanayake
1698:Mahajana Eksath Peramuna
1613:semi-presidential system
1338:opposing then-President
1254:Liberal Democratic Party
1215:
1102:Indian National Congress
1098:leader of the opposition
1004:Indian National Congress
985:
681:The maximum term of the
5258:17 January 2021 at the
4776:France 24, 19 July 2013
3543:Tropical Vision Limited
3393:motion of no confidence
3278:motion of no confidence
3216:retired in April 1955,
3017:, both chambers of the
2310:Social Democratic Party
2016:Parliamentary elections
1680:Sri Lanka Freedom Party
1651:Previously, During the
1416:1951 waterfront dispute
1204:, and consequently the
973:On the other hand, the
643:
486:United Democratic Party
3602:Cite journal requires
3410:deputy First Minister
2965:Constitution of Sweden
2684:In Romania, under the
2387:party, resulting in a
2365:North Rhine-Westphalia
2276:got 31.5% of the vote.
2268:, when Macron's party
1998:led by Prime Minister
1990:led by Prime Minister
1979:expiry of the elected
1762:2004 general election:
1744:2001 general election:
1730:1994 general election:
1694:Wijayananda Dahanayake
1574:and member of the PPP
1478:Pakistan Peoples Party
1302:: Long-time president
1063:Bharatiya Janata Party
1061:On 17 April 1999, the
1057:held in as many years.
1024:Bharatiya Janata Party
629:called a snap election
527:. A law was passed to
509:Constitution Act, 1867
451:Constitution of Belize
290:Next general elections
5307:Ukrainian News Agency
4099:"Division and defeat"
3837:/www.chathamhouse.org
3356:2019 general election
3337:2017 general election
3303:1979 general election
3293:vote of no confidence
3285:1924 general election
3232:1964 general election
3224:1966 general election
3210:1955 general election
3192:1951 general election
3166:1931 general election
3143:1922 general election
3131:1923 general election
3108:2019 general election
3055:Servant of the People
3045:held after President
2937:2023 general election
2927:2015 general election
2923:2016 general election
2902:2011 general election
2708:In Russia, under the
2694:Parliament of Romania
2666:confidence and supply
2357:2005 federal election
2338:1983 federal election
2314:Free Democratic Party
2298:1972 federal election
2246:: The then-president
2214:: The then-president
2178:In France, under the
2164:the 2000 constitution
2143:2020 Danish mink cull
2128:2022 general election
2113:Anders Fogh Rasmussen
2106:2007 general election
1843:2014 general election
1827:2006 Thai coup d'état
1806:2006 general election
1738:Chandrika Kumaratunga
1715:Sirimavo Bandaranaike
1684:S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike
1676:United National Party
1668:1956 general election
1547:1997 general election
1500:1993 general election
1474:1990 general election
1367:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
1308:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
1238:Constitution of Japan
1042:1999 general election
992:1998 general election
174:Boundary delimitation
4623:on 29 September 2013
3650:. 20 September 2021.
3561:Breaking Belize News
3375:Devolved governments
3075:Lascelles Principles
2931:ensuing negotiations
2748:Constitutional Court
2731:Government of Russia
2716:(lower house of the
2690:President of Romania
2615:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
2351:Constitutional Court
2316:had been elected in
2160:President of Finland
2040:minority governments
1996:caretaker government
1779:Maithripala Sirisena
1723:Constitution of 1978
1717:formed a Government.
1657:Parliament of Ceylon
1635:when allegations of
1340:Nursultan Nazarbayev
1304:Nursultan Nazarbayev
1166:legislative election
1067:Atal Bihari Vajpayee
1028:Atal Bihari Vajpayee
930:Legislative Assembly
898:fixed election dates
664:dissolved Congress.
650:Constitution of Peru
565:and transformed his
414:parliamentary system
275:Elections by country
5122:. 21 October 2011.
4472:on 9 September 2005
3734:www.election.gov.kz
3663:The Washington Post
3630:. 3 September 2021.
3385:Scottish Parliament
3295:as a result of the
3178:National Government
3047:Volodymyr Zelenskyy
2700:have been refused.
2670:Chamber of Deputies
2635:Jean-Claude Juncker
2551:In 2015, after the
2373:red-green coalition
2230:François Mitterrand
2097:came very close in
2020:Danish Constitution
1847:Yingluck Shinawatra
1672:Sir John Kotelawala
1597:presidential system
1516:regional assemblies
1312:transition of power
934:federal territories
864:minority government
860:majority government
567:minority government
538:recommended to the
368:Politics portal
5436:. 11 January 2020.
5338:The New York Times
5283:. 27 December 2014
5266:, 3 December 2014.
4968:on 6 November 2020
4412:. 17 February 1997
4330:The New York Times
4302:The New York Times
4275:The New York Times
4242:The New York Times
4130:. 26 November 2015
3557:"Election results"
3422:collapsed and the
3236:Leyton by-election
3141:'s victory in the
3135:Conservative Party
2553:bailout referendum
2521:countries and the
2474:Schleswig-Holstein
2033:vote of confidence
1813:Thaksin Shinawatra
1653:Dominion of Ceylon
1488:and Bhutto became
1431:1984 snap election
1412:1951 snap election
1365:: After President
1332:multi-party system
1316:Dariga Nazarbayeva
1178:Benjamin Netanyahu
1172:refused to join a
1138:. You can help by
1069:failed a to win a
1010:government led by
938:Northern Territory
902:loss of confidence
884:: Liberal Premier
874:being composed of
733:double dissolution
706:double dissolution
521:federal parliament
4575:on 20 August 2013
4498:. 29 January 1997
4358:The Seattle Times
4181:Otago Daily Times
4154:nzhistory.govt.nz
4103:nzhistory.govt.nz
3427:James Brokenshire
3412:Martin McGuinness
3322:Margaret Thatcher
3244:: Prime Minister
3214:Winston Churchill
3204:Winston Churchill
2871:As stated in the
2819:Positive Slovenia
2811:National Assembly
2710:1993 constitution
2692:can dissolve the
2686:1993 constitution
2652:politicians, the
2619:Silvio Berlusconi
2509:, elected in the
2507:George Papandreou
2291:Federal President
2216:Charles de Gaulle
2184:National Assembly
2135:Mette Frederiksen
1961:Denkov Government
1949:Petkov Government
1920:when neither the
1892:National Assembly
1867:Abhisit Vejjajiva
1864:opposition leader
1748:People's Alliance
1702:Dudley Senanayake
1617:Batasang Pambansa
1512:National Assembly
1202:COVID-19 pandemic
1156:
1155:
918:Western Australia
878:and independents.
699:Australian Senate
634:COVID-19 pandemic
605:of the governing
577:up to that date.
575:history of Canada
569:into the largest
525:writs of election
514:section 4 of the
455:National Assembly
402:
401:
320:Election security
303:elections in 2024
257:Electoral systems
184:Electoral college
154:Anonymous elector
16:(Redirected from
5461:
5438:
5437:
5426:
5420:
5419:
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5409:
5398:
5390:
5384:
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5381:
5379:
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5224:
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5199:
5188:
5182:
5181:
5170:
5164:
5163:
5152:
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5145:
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5132:
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5112:
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5105:
5103:
5101:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
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5039:
5037:
5035:
5024:
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5017:
5015:
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5002:
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4995:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4958:
4952:
4951:
4939:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4920:on 1 August 2012
4910:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4888:
4879:
4874:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4852:
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4835:
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4815:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4786:
4777:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4755:. 28 August 2015
4741:
4735:
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4732:
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4393:
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4368:
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4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4052:The Astana Times
4043:
4037:
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4034:
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3986:
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3949:
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3915:www.euractiv.com
3906:
3900:
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3873:
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3647:Associated Press
3638:
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3627:Associated Press
3618:
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3605:
3600:
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3590:
3588:
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3496:
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3467:
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3460:
3458:
3456:
3445:
3366:, he introduced
3289:Ramsay MacDonald
3188:, lost his seat.
3186:Arthur Henderson
3174:Ramsay MacDonald
3170:Great Depression
3160:Ramsay MacDonald
3019:Federal Assembly
2906:Cortes Generales
2718:Federal Assembly
2605:Italian Republic
2438:Abgeordnetenhaus
2361:Gerhard Schröder
2332:Oder-Neisse line
1661:Senate of Ceylon
1641:approved in 1987
1609:Ferdinand Marcos
1564:Asif Ali Zardari
1506:(PML-N) won the
1170:Yisrael Beiteinu
1151:
1148:
1130:
1123:
958:15 February 1996
912:legislatures, a
752:
751:
747:
744:
688:Governor-General
668:Asia and Oceania
559:John Diefenbaker
540:governor general
459:governor-general
394:
387:
380:
366:
365:
345:Election science
340:Electoral reform
194:Election silence
179:Crossover voting
136:Two-round system
54:
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5469:
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5364:
5360:
5350:
5348:
5330:
5326:
5316:
5314:
5301:
5300:
5296:
5286:
5284:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5260:Wayback Machine
5251:
5247:
5237:
5235:
5233:EL PAÍS English
5225:
5221:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5162:. 29 July 2011.
5154:
5153:
5149:
5140:
5139:
5135:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5099:
5097:
5092:
5091:
5087:
5077:
5075:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5055:
5053:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5033:
5031:
5026:
5025:
5021:
5011:
5009:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4986:
4985:
4981:
4971:
4969:
4960:
4959:
4955:
4940:
4933:
4923:
4921:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4897:
4895:
4890:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4871:
4864:
4860:
4853:
4849:
4842:
4838:
4828:
4826:
4817:
4816:
4809:
4799:
4797:
4788:
4787:
4780:
4772:
4768:
4758:
4756:
4747:
4742:
4738:
4728:
4726:
4722:Financial Times
4713:
4709:
4699:
4697:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4673:
4671:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4651:
4649:
4644:
4643:
4636:
4626:
4624:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4600:
4598:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4578:
4576:
4569:Washington Post
4563:
4562:
4558:
4548:
4546:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4526:
4524:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4501:
4499:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4475:
4473:
4460:
4459:
4450:
4440:
4438:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4415:
4413:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4389:
4387:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4364:
4362:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4336:
4334:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4308:
4306:
4305:. 20 April 1993
4295:
4294:
4290:
4280:
4278:
4266:
4257:
4247:
4245:
4233:
4229:
4221:
4206:
4200:
4196:
4186:
4184:
4172:
4168:
4158:
4156:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4133:
4131:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4107:
4105:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4082:
4080:
4070:
4066:
4056:
4054:
4044:
4040:
4030:
4028:
4026:thediplomat.com
4018:
4014:
4004:
4002:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3979:
3977:
3959:
3955:
3945:
3943:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3907:
3903:
3893:
3891:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3855:
3851:
3841:
3839:
3829:
3825:
3815:
3813:
3803:
3799:
3778:
3774:
3764:
3762:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3738:
3736:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3713:
3711:
3700:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3674:
3670:
3659:
3655:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3603:
3601:
3592:
3591:
3584:
3582:
3572:
3568:
3553:
3549:
3537:
3533:
3521:
3517:
3512:on 10 May 2017.
3498:
3497:
3493:
3480:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3454:
3452:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3377:
3307:James Callaghan
3254:hung parliament
3152:hung parliament
3147:Stanley Baldwin
3133:: Although the
3124:
3087:
3063:
3031:
3023:Federal Council
3011:
2957:
2898:
2803:
2757:
2706:
2682:
2627:
2610:recall election
2597:
2499:
2389:grand coalition
2381:hung parliament
2283:
2262:Emmanuel Macron
2176:
2156:
2147:Mink Commission
2139:Social Liberals
2012:
1986:The government
1969:
1914:
1908:
1900:2018 revolution
1896:Nikol Pashinyan
1881:
1876:
1855:Pheu Thai Party
1802:
1649:
1621:elected in 1981
1589:
1470:
1418:, in which the
1400:
1336:Supreme Council
1262:
1218:
1162:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1136:needs expansion
1121:
1109:K. R. Narayanan
1071:confidence vote
1006:(INC) left the
988:
946:
886:Jeremy Rockliff
749:
745:
742:
740:
675:
670:
662:Martín Vizcarra
646:
544:Wilfrid Laurier
500:
494:
447:
442:
422:recall election
398:
360:
355:
354:
350:Paper candidate
325:Electoral fraud
315:
307:
306:
280:Close elections
270:
262:
261:
247:Political party
237:
229:
228:
149:
141:
140:
62:
37:Politics series
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5467:
5457:
5456:
5440:
5439:
5421:
5385:
5358:
5324:
5313:on 27 May 2009
5294:
5268:
5245:
5219:
5201:
5183:
5165:
5147:
5133:
5107:
5085:
5063:
5041:
5019:
4997:
4979:
4953:
4948:Slovenia Times
4931:
4905:
4880:
4869:
4858:
4847:
4836:
4825:. 11 July 2013
4807:
4796:. 10 July 2013
4778:
4766:
4736:
4707:
4681:
4659:
4646:"Min grundlov"
4634:
4608:
4586:
4556:
4534:
4509:
4483:
4448:
4423:
4397:
4372:
4361:. 19 July 1993
4344:
4316:
4288:
4255:
4227:
4194:
4166:
4141:
4115:
4090:
4064:
4038:
4012:
3987:
3953:
3942:. 10 June 2019
3927:
3901:
3890:. 9 April 2019
3875:
3849:
3823:
3797:
3772:
3761:. 9 March 2015
3746:
3721:
3710:on 4 June 2008
3694:
3668:
3653:
3633:
3613:
3604:|journal=
3566:
3547:
3531:
3515:
3505:Times of Malta
3491:
3462:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3353:
3332:was in force:
3326:
3325:
3300:
3264:
3263:
3257:
3250:miners' strike
3239:
3221:
3207:
3196:Clement Attlee
3189:
3163:
3123:
3120:
3086:
3083:
3062:
3061:United Kingdom
3059:
3051:Verkhovna Rada
3049:dissolved the
3030:
3027:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2980:prime minister
2956:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2945:Prime minister
2934:
2920:
2914:Prime Minister
2897:
2894:
2877:prime minister
2843:D'Hondt method
2827:prime minister
2823:Zoran Janković
2821:party, led by
2802:
2799:
2771:Iveta Radičová
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2727:prime minister
2705:
2702:
2698:Prime Minister
2681:
2678:
2639:European Union
2626:
2623:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2471:
2457:
2431:
2397:
2396:
2354:
2342:Helmut Schmidt
2335:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2274:National Rally
2255:
2248:Jacques Chirac
2241:
2223:
2180:Fifth Republic
2175:
2172:
2168:prime minister
2155:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2132:Prime minister
2125:
2122:Danish economy
2118:welfare reform
2110:Prime minister
2024:prime minister
2011:
2008:
1977:constitutional
1973:Czech Republic
1968:
1967:Czech Republic
1965:
1907:
1904:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1860:Democrat Party
1839:
1838:
1810:Prime Minister
1801:
1798:
1794:20th Amendment
1770:19th Amendment
1767:
1766:
1759:
1741:
1734:D.B. Wijetunga
1719:
1718:
1708:
1687:
1648:
1645:
1588:
1585:
1568:
1567:
1524:
1523:
1497:
1490:prime minister
1482:Benazir Bhutto
1469:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1450:Prime Minister
1442:
1435:Robert Muldoon
1427:
1420:National Party
1404:prime minister
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1375:January Events
1328:Supreme Soviet
1320:
1319:
1261:
1258:
1228:dissolves the
1226:prime minister
1217:
1214:
1186:Blue and White
1154:
1153:
1133:
1131:
1120:
1117:
1083:J. Jayalalitha
1059:
1058:
1054:13th Lok Sabha
1039:
1032:prime minister
1000:12th Lok Sabha
987:
984:
970:Jatiya Sangsad
945:
942:
906:loss of supply
890:
889:
879:
843:
821:
807:
804:Andrew Peacock
797:
788:Malcolm Fraser
781:
777:Malcolm Fraser
762:
726:
722:Robert Menzies
711:
710:
702:
695:
692:Prime Minister
674:
671:
669:
666:
645:
642:
626:Justin Trudeau
615:2010s oil glut
611:Wildrose Party
582:David Peterson
556:Prime Minister
496:Main article:
493:
490:
466:United Kingdom
446:
443:
441:
438:
400:
399:
397:
396:
389:
382:
374:
371:
370:
357:
356:
353:
352:
347:
342:
337:
327:
322:
316:
313:
312:
309:
308:
305:
304:
293:
292:
287:
282:
277:
271:
268:
267:
264:
263:
260:
259:
254:
249:
244:
242:Administration
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:
227:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
199:Gerrymandering
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
74:
69:
63:
60:
59:
56:
55:
47:
46:
40:
39:
26:
18:Snap elections
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5466:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5435:
5431:
5425:
5406:
5402:
5395:
5389:
5373:
5369:
5362:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5328:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5298:
5282:
5278:
5272:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5249:
5234:
5230:
5223:
5215:
5211:
5205:
5197:
5193:
5187:
5179:
5175:
5169:
5161:
5157:
5151:
5143:
5137:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5111:
5095:
5089:
5073:
5067:
5051:
5045:
5029:
5023:
5007:
5001:
4993:
4989:
4983:
4967:
4963:
4957:
4949:
4945:
4938:
4936:
4919:
4915:
4909:
4893:
4887:
4885:
4878:
4873:
4867:
4862:
4856:
4851:
4845:
4840:
4824:
4820:
4814:
4812:
4795:
4791:
4785:
4783:
4775:
4770:
4754:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4711:
4696:. 16 May 2012
4695:
4691:
4685:
4669:
4663:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4596:
4590:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4544:
4538:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4437:
4433:
4427:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4348:
4333:. 29 May 1993
4332:
4331:
4326:
4320:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4292:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4231:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4170:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4079:
4075:
4068:
4053:
4049:
4042:
4027:
4023:
4016:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3957:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3916:
3912:
3905:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3864:
3860:
3853:
3838:
3834:
3827:
3812:
3808:
3801:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3776:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3709:
3705:
3698:
3683:
3679:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3657:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3609:
3596:
3580:
3576:
3570:
3562:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3528:
3524:
3519:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3488:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3451:
3444:
3440:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3360:Boris Johnson
3357:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3297:Campbell Case
3294:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3228:Harold Wilson
3225:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3095:supermajority
3092:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3039:voter turnout
3036:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3003:
3002:
2996:
2995:Stefan Löfven
2992:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2949:
2948:Pedro Sánchez
2946:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2910:Juan Carlos I
2907:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2862:2008 election
2858:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2779:no confidence
2776:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:previous ones
2574:
2573:new elections
2570:
2566:
2562:
2561:New Democracy
2558:
2554:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2480:elections of
2479:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2440:elections of
2439:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2412:December 1982
2410:elections of
2409:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2394:
2393:Angela Merkel
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2359:: Chancellor
2358:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2300:: Chancellor
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:Lars Løkke II
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:Poul Schlüter
2043:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1941:November 2021
1938:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1886:were held in
1885:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1817:Thai Rak Thai
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1783:Supreme Court
1780:
1776:
1771:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
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1735:
1731:
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1638:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1595:has used the
1594:
1584:
1582:
1581:Supreme Court
1577:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1551:1993 election
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1520:Supreme Court
1517:
1513:
1509:
1508:1990 election
1505:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1486:1988 election
1483:
1480:(PPP) led by
1479:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1446:2002 election
1443:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1392:
1388:
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1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
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1317:
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1309:
1305:
1301:
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1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1246:1976 election
1243:
1239:
1235:
1234:Diet of Japan
1231:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:Reuven Rivlin
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1150:
1141:
1137:
1134:This section
1132:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1088:
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1080:
1076:
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1068:
1064:
1055:
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1047:
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1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
990:
989:
983:
981:
976:
971:
967:
963:
962:Sheikh Hasina
959:
955:
951:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
887:
883:
880:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
856:Peter Gutwein
854:
851:
847:
844:
841:
837:
833:
829:
828:Julia Gillard
825:
824:2010 election
822:
819:
815:
811:
810:1998 election
808:
805:
801:
800:1984 election
798:
794:
789:
785:
784:1983 election
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
765:1975 election
763:
760:
756:
755:Billy Snedden
738:
737:Gough Whitlam
734:
730:
729:1974 election
727:
723:
719:
718:1963 election
716:
715:
714:
707:
703:
700:
696:
693:
689:
684:
680:
679:
678:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
641:
639:
638:Liberal Party
635:
630:
627:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
601:when Premier
600:
596:
592:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
536:Jean Chrétien
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:
511:
510:
505:
499:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
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460:
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406:snap election
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222:
220:
217:
215:
214:Secret ballot
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
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167:
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162:
160:
159:Apportionment
157:
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144:
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3443:
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3267:Gordon Brown
3265:
3246:Edward Heath
3218:Anthony Eden
3182:Labour Party
3154:. Following
3125:
3088:
3064:
3032:
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2977:
2968:
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2886:
2873:Constitution
2870:
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2841:system with
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2766:Národná rada
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2466:election of
2408:Bürgerschaft
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2308:between the
2302:Willy Brandt
2284:
2260:: President
2220:May protests
2201:cohabitation
2182:, while the
2177:
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2044:
2014:In Denmark,
2013:
1985:
1970:
1930:
1915:
1882:
1808:: In 2005,
1791:
1777:, President
1768:
1720:
1650:
1626:
1590:
1576:Miraj Khalid
1569:
1560:constitution
1536:
1525:
1401:
1387:independents
1321:
1270:
1263:
1219:
1163:
1144:
1140:adding to it
1135:
1094:Sonia Gandhi
1092:
1060:
1008:United Front
980:12 June 1996
966:Awami League
947:
891:
862:fell into a
836:independents
712:
697:Half of the
676:
647:
623:
603:Jim Prentice
579:
563:previous one
552:that of 1958
533:
515:
507:
501:
463:
448:
431:
405:
403:
189:Election law
125:
116:Proportional
35:Part of the
29:
5378:15 December
5264:Sydsvenskan
5178:eldiario.es
5100:11 November
5096:. Rtvslo.si
5078:11 November
5056:11 November
5034:11 November
4924:16 December
4898:11 November
4759:6 September
4729:6 September
4627:3 September
4527:31 December
4502:11 November
4476:11 November
4441:11 November
4416:11 November
4390:11 November
4365:25 November
4337:25 November
4309:25 November
4281:25 November
4248:29 November
4217:(1): 5–21.
4031:4 September
4005:4 September
4000:photius.com
3980:21 February
3946:21 February
3920:21 February
3894:21 February
3868:21 February
3842:21 February
3816:21 February
3765:4 September
3739:3 September
3714:11 December
3687:11 December
3481:15 December
3455:14 December
3341:Theresa May
3009:Switzerland
2889:Danilo Türk
2866:Borut Pahor
2855:Borda count
2831:Janez Janša
2791:Robert Fico
2785:. Amidst a
2658:resignation
2650:wiretapping
2347:Helmut Kohl
2270:Renaissance
2252:Alain Juppé
2000:Jiří Rusnok
1947:(after the
1851:3 July 2011
1831:Philippines
1756:Kumaratunga
1601:fixed terms
1593:Philippines
1587:Philippines
1453:Helen Clark
1398:New Zealand
1230:lower house
1190:Benny Gantz
1188:'s leader,
1012:I.K. Gujral
950:Khaleda Zia
908:or, in the
814:John Howard
759:Gair Affair
548:John Turner
478:Dean Barrow
426:by-election
285:Most recent
169:Competition
148:Terminology
67:By-election
61:Basic types
5317:16 October
5012:5 December
4972:9 December
4674:7 November
4652:26 October
3888:Al Jazeera
3863:www.ft.com
3811:Eurasianet
3585:15 January
3435:References
3387:, and the
2851:Hungarians
2714:State Duma
2654:Grand Duke
2631:Luxembourg
2625:Luxembourg
2327:Ostpolitik
1992:Petr Nečas
1981:parliament
1951:fell) and
1931:After the
1910:See also:
1792:Under the
1494:corruption
1461:party vote
1260:Kazakhstan
1250:Takeo Miki
1164:After the
1158:See also:
1087:Tamil Nadu
1050:Kargil War
944:Bangladesh
916:bill). In
914:deadlocked
872:crossbench
832:Kevin Rudd
334:by country
330:Referendum
209:Psephology
204:Initiative
86:Fixed-term
5454:Elections
5346:0362-4331
5281:Expressen
5128:1854-6544
4601:20 August
4579:20 August
4549:14 August
4159:23 August
4134:23 August
4108:23 August
3975:0261-3077
3940:France 24
3408:Sinn Féin
3139:Bonar Law
2969:extra val
2929:and with
2722:president
2569:The River
2542:president
2538:president
2501:In 2012,
2369:Bundesrat
2287:Bundestag
2188:President
2037:coalition
2029:Folketing
2004:President
1957:June 2024
1937:July 2021
1765:schedule.
1647:Sri Lanka
1570:A former
1555:coalition
1532:Islamabad
1266:President
1113:caretaker
1106:President
1075:Lok Sabha
910:bicameral
796:suffered.
793:Bob Hawke
769:John Kerr
739:'s first
673:Australia
654:President
236:Subseries
131:Sortition
106:Plurality
72:Corporate
44:Elections
5448:Category
5405:Archived
5351:26 April
5256:Archived
4823:BBC News
4753:BBC News
4725:. Athens
4694:BBC News
4219:Archived
3682:BBC News
3577:(1867).
3575:Victoria
3212:: After
3071:de facto
3069:has the
3057:party.
2847:Italians
2815:Slovenia
2807:deputies
2801:Slovenia
2761:Slovakia
2755:Slovakia
2742:de facto
2601:Monarchy
2519:Eurozone
2385:The Left
2312:and the
1906:Bulgaria
1815:and his
1800:Thailand
1605:Congress
1468:Pakistan
1457:Alliance
1147:May 2024
894:Tasmania
838:and the
571:majority
554:, where
440:Americas
410:election
297:National
219:Suffrage
101:Mid-term
81:Indirect
5287:15 June
5214:El País
5196:El País
5160:El País
5120:Delo.si
4829:11 July
4800:11 July
4794:Reuters
4522:News.am
4083:13 July
4057:13 July
3122:History
3035:Ukraine
3029:Ukraine
2984:Riksdag
2963:in the
2809:to the
2680:Romania
2668:in the
2478:Landtag
2464:Landtag
2404:Hamburg
2322:CDU/CSU
2281:Germany
2154:Finland
2145:by the
2010:Denmark
1888:Armenia
1879:Armenia
1862:led by
1682:led by
1572:speaker
1371:Mäjilis
1242:Emperor
1232:of the
1073:in the
922:Premier
853:Premier
850:Liberal
771:in the
748:⁄
595:Bob Rae
593:led by
573:in the
429:limit.
314:Related
111:Primary
91:General
5414:9 June
5344:
5238:29 May
5126:
4700:16 May
4187:5 June
3973:
3389:Senedd
2955:Sweden
2904:: The
2704:Russia
2557:Syriza
2503:Greece
2497:Greece
2488:, and
2476:: The
2462:: The
2452:, and
2436:: The
2434:Berlin
2426:, and
2406:: The
2371:. The
2205:Senate
2203:. The
2174:France
1874:Europe
1633:ousted
1528:Punjab
1502:: The
1476:: The
1424:Labour
1383:Amanat
1354:, and
1291:, and
1119:Israel
1052:. The
948:After
920:, the
876:Greens
840:Greens
731:: The
504:Canada
492:Canada
453:, the
445:Belize
408:is an
252:Voting
164:Audits
121:Recall
77:Direct
5408:(PDF)
5397:(PDF)
4222:(PDF)
4207:(PDF)
4128:Stuff
3430:2020.
2896:Spain
2595:Italy
2565:PASOK
2460:Hesse
1835:Dubai
1637:fraud
1599:with
1222:Japan
1216:Japan
1174:Likud
1096:, as
1046:India
996:India
986:India
932:. As
896:have
868:Labor
725:1974.
416:(the
301:local
269:Lists
96:Local
5416:2022
5380:2019
5353:2022
5342:ISSN
5319:2008
5289:2016
5240:2023
5124:ISSN
5102:2011
5080:2011
5058:2011
5036:2011
5014:2012
4974:2013
4926:2011
4900:2011
4831:2013
4802:2013
4761:2015
4731:2015
4702:2012
4676:2011
4654:2014
4629:2013
4603:2013
4581:2013
4551:2013
4529:2019
4504:2008
4478:2008
4443:2008
4418:2008
4392:2008
4367:2008
4339:2008
4311:2008
4283:2008
4250:2008
4189:2014
4161:2021
4136:2021
4110:2021
4085:2023
4059:2023
4033:2022
4007:2022
3982:2024
3971:ISSN
3948:2024
3922:2021
3896:2024
3870:2024
3844:2024
3818:2024
3767:2022
3741:2020
3716:2008
3689:2008
3608:help
3587:2009
3483:2014
3457:2014
3271:2010
3065:The
2973:1958
2959:The
2849:and
2567:and
2528:The
2490:2012
2486:2009
2482:1988
2468:2009
2454:2001
2450:1990
2446:1981
2442:1950
2428:2011
2424:2004
2420:1993
2416:1987
2318:1969
2238:1981
2158:The
2099:2019
2093:and
2087:1981
2085:and
2083:1979
2079:1977
2075:1975
2071:1973
2067:1971
2063:1990
2061:and
2059:1988
2055:1987
2051:1984
1953:2023
1945:2022
1926:GERB
1924:nor
1918:2014
1833:and
1787:2020
1750:but
1591:The
1539:army
1514:and
1444:The
1429:The
1410:The
1391:2004
1377:and
1356:2016
1352:2012
1348:2007
1293:2022
1289:2019
1285:2015
1281:2011
1277:2005
1273:1999
1210:2021
648:The
644:Peru
599:2015
546:and
512:and
474:2012
472:and
470:1993
299:and
126:Snap
5434:BBC
4496:CNN
4466:CNN
4410:CNN
3788:doi
3416:DUP
3314:SNP
3099:MPs
3097:of
3033:In
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