107:
4064:
45:
3640:
3055:(a situation where the shooting and target positions are at equal elevation), using British military custom high-pressure .338 Lapua Magnum cartridges, loaded with 16.2 g (250 gr) Lapua LockBase B408 bullets, fired at 936 m/s (3,071 ft/s) muzzle velocity under the following on-site (average) atmospheric conditions: barometric pressure: 1,019 hPa (30.1 inHg) at sea-level equivalent or 899 hPa (26.5 inHg) on-site, humidity: 25.9%, and temperature: 15 °C (59 °F) in the region for November 2009, resulting in an air density Ï = 1.0854 kg/m at the 1,043 m (3,422 ft) elevation of Musa Qala. Harrison mentions in reports that the environmental conditions were perfect for long range shooting, "... no wind, mild weather, clear visibility." In a BBC interview, Harrison reported it took about nine shots for him and his spotter to initially range the target successfully.
186:
3545:
4154:
the target were that distance away. For example, a sniper who observes a target 500 meters away at a 45-degree angle downhill would multiply the range by the cosine of 45 degrees, which is 0.707. The resulting distance will be 353 meters. This number is equal to the horizontal distance to the target. All other values, such as windage, time-to-target, impact velocity, and energy will be calculated based on the actual range of 500 meters. Recently, a small device known as a cosine indicator has been developed. This device is clamped to the tubular body of the telescopic sight, and gives an indicative readout in numerical form as the rifle is aimed up or down at the target. This is translated into a figure used to compute the horizontal range to the target.
4637:
4056:
3691:, those soldiers were often used as autonomous left-behind snipers. While an experienced sniper would take a few lethal shots and retreat to a safer position, those young boys, due both to a disregard for their own safety and to lack of tactical experience would frequently remain in a concealed position and fight until they ran out of ammunition or were killed or wounded. While this tactic generally ended in the demise of the sniper, giving rise to the nickname "Suicide Boys" that was given to those soldiers, this irrational behavior proved quite disruptive to the Allied forces' progress. After World War II, many elements of German sniper training and doctrine were copied by other countries.
3389:
3806:
3048:) data provided by Lapua, predicts that such shots traveling 2,475 m (2,707 yd) would likely have struck their targets after nearly 6.0 seconds of flight time, having lost 93% of their kinetic energy, retaining 255 m/s (840 ft/s) of their original 936 m/s (3,070 ft/s) velocity, and having dropped 121.39 m (398 ft 3 in) or 2.8° from the original bore line. Due to the extreme distances and travel time involved, even a light cross-breeze of 2.7 m/s (6.0 mph) would have diverted such shots 9.2 m (360 in) off target, which would have required compensation.
106:
3672:
3600:
unit with the creation of an additional 31 sniper training companies by 1944. German snipers were at the time the only snipers in the world issued with purpose-manufactured sniping ammunition, known as the 'effect-firing' sS round. The 'effect-firing' sS round featured an extra carefully measured propellant charge and seated a heavy 12.8 gram (198 gr) full-metal-jacketed boat-tail projectile of match-grade build quality, lacking usual features such as a seating ring to improve the already high ballistic coefficient of .584 (G1) further. For aiming optics German snipers used the
3683:
from all sides. The
American and British forces were surprised by how near the German snipers could approach in safety and attack them, as well as by their ability to hit targets at up to 1,000m. A notable mistake made by inexperienced American soldiers was to lie down and wait when targeted by German snipers, allowing the snipers to pick them off one after another. German snipers often infiltrated Allied lines and sometimes when the front-lines moved, they continued to fight from their sniping positions, refusing to surrender until their rations and munitions were exhausted.
4508:
2975:
4585:
2917:
2936:
3005:
3354:
4877:
130:
4258:(military equipment and weapons) but most often they target the most important enemy personnel such as officers or specialists (e.g. communications operators) so as to cause maximum disruption to enemy operations. Other personnel they might target include those who pose an immediate threat to the sniper, like dog handlers, who are often employed in a search for snipers. A sniper identifies officers by their appearance and behavior such as symbols of rank, talking to
4892:
2913:. As policemen, they are trained to shoot only as a last resort, when there is a direct threat to life; the police sharpshooter has a well-known rule: "Be prepared to take a life to save a life." Police snipers typically operate at much shorter ranges than military snipers, generally under 100 meters (109 yd) and sometimes even less than 50 meters (55 yd). Both types of snipers do make difficult shots under pressure, and often perform one-shot kills.
4162:. Alternatively, the scope can be adjusted so that the point of aim is changed to compensate for these factors, sometimes referred to as "dialing in". The shooter must remember to return the scope to zeroed position. Adjusting the scope allows for more accurate shots, because the cross-hairs can be aligned with the target more accurately, but the sniper must know exactly what differences the changes will have on the point-of-impact at each target range.
4447:. Traditionally, triangulation of a sniper's position was done manually, though radar-based technology has recently become available. Once located, the defenders can attempt to approach the sniper from cover and overwhelm them. The United States military is funding a project known as RedOwl (Robot Enhanced Detection Outpost With Lasers), which uses laser and acoustic sensors to determine the exact direction from which a sniper round has been fired.
2502:
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2737:
4175:
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tendency is magnified if the unit has been under the intense stress of urban combat for an extended time. It is vital that commanders and leaders at all levels understand the law of land warfare and understand the psychological pressures of urban warfare. It requires strong leadership and great moral strength to prevent soldiers from releasing their anger and frustration on captured snipers or civilians suspected of sniping at them.
4330:
3751:
3707:
took place within a few hundred meters. Japanese snipers were known for their patience and ability to remain hidden for long periods. They almost never left their carefully camouflaged hiding spots. This meant that whenever a sniper was in the area, the location of the sniper could be determined after the sniper had fired a few shots. The Allies used their own snipers in the
Pacific, notably the U.S. Marines, who used
2510:
4748:â Use of Marine sharpshooters in the mast tops was common usage in navies of the period, and Admiral Nelson's death at Trafalgar is attributed to the actions of French sharpshooters. The British Army developed the concept of directed fire (as opposed to massive unaimed volleys) and formed Rifle regiments, notably the 95th and the 60th who wore green jackets instead of the usual redcoats. Fighting as
3509:, British snipers were able to significantly delay the German infantry's advance. This prompted the British once again to increase training of specialized sniper units. Apart from marksmanship, British snipers were trained to blend in with the environment, often by using special camouflage clothing for concealment. However, because the British Army offered sniper training exclusively to officers and
2266:. Snipers need to have complete control of their bodies and senses in order to be effective. They also need to have the skill set to use data from their scope and monitors to adjust their aim to hit targets that are extremely far away. In training, snipers are given charts that they're drilled on to ensure they can make last-minute calculations when they are in the field.
6084:
4417:'s soldiers. Realizing this, none of Batista's men would walk first, as it was suicidal. This effectively decreased the army's willingness to search for rebel bases in the forests and mountains. An alternative approach to this psychological process is to kill the second man in the row, leading to the psychological effect of nobody wanting to follow the "leader".
4085:(.308 Winchester) M118 Special Ball round this difference (or "drop") from 700 to 800 meters (770â870 yd) is 200 millimetres (7.9 in). This means that if the sniper incorrectly estimated the distance as 700 meters when the target was in fact 800 meters away, the bullet will be 200 millimeters lower than expected by the time it reaches the target.
4451:
used a shop mannequin or other doll dressed as a tempting target, such as an officer. The doll was then presented as if it were a real man sloppily covering himself. Usually, Soviet snipers were unable to resist the temptation of an apparently easy kill. Once the angle where the bullet came from was determined, a large caliber gun, such as a
3184:, 23 June 1801, can be found the following quote in a piece about the North British Militia; "This Regiment has several Field Pieces, and two companies of Sharp Shooters, which are very necessary in the modern Stile of War". The term appears even earlier, around 1781, in Continental Europe, translated from the German ScharfschĂŒtze.
4112:, or, equivalently, minute of angle), while the US Army standard is 3.6 MOA, chosen so as to give a diameter of 1 yard at a distance of 1,000 yards (or equivalently, a diameter of 1 meter at a range of 1 kilometer.) Many commercial manufacturers use 3.5, splitting the difference, since it is easier to work with.
4138:. .308 Federal 175 grain (11.3 g) BTHP match shoots at 2,600 ft/s (790 m/s). Zeroed at 100 yards (100 m), a 16.2 MOA adjustment would have to be made to hit a target at 600 yards (500 m). If the same bullet was shot with 168 grain (10.9 g), a 17.1 MOA adjustment would be necessary.
4561:
The sniper is particularly suited to combat environments where one side is at a disadvantage. A careful sniping strategy can use a few individuals and resources to thwart the movement or other progress of a much better equipped or larger force. Sniping enables a few persons to instil terror in a much
4091:
may be used, and range estimation is often the job of both parties in a team. One useful method of range finding without a laser rangefinder is comparing the height of the target (or nearby objects) to their size on the mil dot scope, or taking a known distance and using some sort of measure (utility
3996:
their weapons at a target range or in the field. This is the process of adjusting the scope so that the bullets' points-of-impact are at the point-of-aim (centre of scope or scope's cross-hairs) for a specific distance. A rifle and scope should retain its zero as long as possible under all conditions
3988:
A sniper must have the ability to accurately estimate the various factors that influence a bullet's trajectory and point of impact, such as range to the target, wind direction, wind velocity, altitude and elevation of the sniper, and the target and ambient temperature. Mistakes in estimation compound
3417:
figures were painted to resemble soldiers to draw sniper fire. Some were equipped with rubber surgical tubing so the dummy could "smoke" a cigarette and thus appear realistic. Holes punched in the dummy by enemy sniper bullets then could be used for triangulation purposes to determine the position of
3167:
rather than the inaccurate smoothbore muskets used by most troops at that time. Through the combination of a leather wad and tight grooves on the inside of the barrel (rifling), this weapon was far more accurate, though slower to load. On 25 August 1800, three companies, under the command of
Stewart,
4580:
In 2003, the U.S.-led multinational coalition composed of primarily U.S. and UK troops occupied Iraq and attempted to establish a new government in the country. However, shortly after the initial invasion, violence against coalition forces and among various sectarian groups led to asymmetric warfare
4535:
of late 2002 (Lee Boyd Malvo). However, these incidents usually do not involve the range or skill of military snipers; in all three cases the perpetrators had U.S. military training, but in other specialties. News reports will often (inaccurately) use the term sniper to describe anyone shooting with
3599:
rifles, but there were often not enough of these weapons available, and as such some were armed with captured scoped MosinâNagant 1891/30, SVT, Czech Mauser rifles or scoped Gewehr 98 from WW1. The
Wehrmacht re-established its sniper training in 1942, drastically increasing the number of snipers per
3373:
had troops that were issued scoped sniper rifles. Although sharpshooters existed on all sides, the
Germans specially equipped some of their soldiers with scoped rifles that could pick off enemy soldiers showing their heads out of their trench. At first the French and British believed such hits to be
2302:
due to its alertness, camouflaging color and erratic flight behavior. Snipe hunters therefore needed to be stealthy in addition to being good trackers and marksmen. In the 18th century, letters sent home by
English officers in India referred to a day's rough shooting as "going sniping", as it took a
4565:
Snipers are less likely to be treated mercifully than non-snipers if captured by the enemy. The rationale for this is that ordinary soldiers shoot at each other at 'equal opportunity' whilst snipers take their time in tracking and killing individual targets in a methodical fashion with a relatively
4450:
The more rounds fired by a sniper, the greater the chance the target has of locating him. Thus, attempts to draw fire are often made, sometimes by offering a helmet slightly out of concealment, a tactic successfully employed in the Winter War by the Finns known as "KylmÀ-Kalle" (Cold
Charlie). They
4295:
Often in situations with multiple targets, snipers use relocation. After firing a few shots from a certain position, snipers move unseen to another location before the enemy can determine where they are and mount a counter-attack. Snipers will frequently use this tactic to their advantage, creating
3686:
Those tactics were also a consequence of changes in German enlistment. After several years of war and heavy losses on the
Eastern Front, the German army was forced to rely more heavily on enlisting teenage soldiers. Due to lack of training in more complex group tactics, and thanks to rifle training
4157:
Windage plays a significant role, with the effect increasing with wind speed or the distance of the shot. The slant of visible convections near the ground can be used to estimate crosswinds, and correct the point of aim. All adjustments for range, wind, and elevation can be performed by aiming off
4153:
of the angle of fire with respect to the horizon affects the rate of fall of the bullet, with the remainder adding or subtracting negligible velocity to the bullet along its trajectory. To find the correct zero, the sniper multiplies the actual distance to the range by this fraction and aims as if
4042:
training centres. In place of the Soviet practice of mainly squad sharpshooters, which were often designated during initial training (and of whom only few become snipers per se), these new army snipers are trained intensively for three months (for conscripts) or longer (for contract soldiers). The
3682:
The U.S. Army's lack of familiarity with sniping tactics proved disastrous in
Normandy and the campaign in Western Europe where they encountered well trained German snipers. In Normandy, German snipers remained hidden in the dense vegetation and were able to encircle American units, firing at them
3651:
In the United States Armed Forces, sniper training was only very elementary and was mainly concerned with being able to hit targets over long distances. Snipers were required to be able to hit a body over 400 meters away, and a head over 200 meters away. There was almost no instruction in blending
3706:
troops. Japanese snipers were specially trained to use the environment to conceal themselves. Japanese snipers used foliage on their uniforms and dug well-concealed hide-outs that were often connected with small trenches. There was no need for long range accuracy because most combat in the jungle
3412:
He also devised a metal-armoured double loophole that would protect the sniper observer from enemy fire. The front loophole was fixed, but the rear was housed in a metal shutter sliding in grooves. Only when the two loopholes were lined upâa one-to-twenty chanceâcould an enemy shoot between them.
4107:
to measure the height of a target, and if the height is known, the range can be as well. The height of the target (in yards) Ă1000, divided by the height of the target (in mils), gives the range in yards. This is only in general, however, as both scope magnification (7Ă, 40Ă) and mil dot spacing
4004:
will steady a rifle and contribute to consistency. In particular, bipods help when firing from a prone position, and enable the firing position to be sustained for an extended period of time. Many police and military sniper rifles come equipped with an adjustable bipod. Makeshift bipods known as
3628:
A total of 428,335 individuals received Red Army sniper training, including Soviet and non-Soviet partisans, with 9,534 receiving the sniping 'higher qualification'. During World War ĐĐ, two six-month training courses for women alone trained nearly 55,000 snipers, of which more than two thousand
2665:
The German doctrine of largely independent snipers and emphasis on concealment, developed during the Second World War, has been most influential on modern sniper tactics, and is currently used throughout
Western militaries (examples are specialized camouflage clothing, concealment in terrain and
5306:
U.S. Army SGT Christopher Dale Abbott: As part of a U.S. Army counter-IED team in Iraq in 2007â2008, Abbott recorded 22 confirmed kills with an M24 7.62Ă51mm rifle for a period of only 7 months before being injured and sent out of theater. He and his team were tasked with seeking out insurgents
4820:
troops from the 6th Vermont claim to have shot an unidentified sharpshooter as they crossed the fields seeking revenge. The shooting of Sedgewick caused administrative delays in the Union's attack and led to Confederate victory. Sedgwick ignored advice to take cover, his last words according to
4819:
target rifle at the then-incredible distance of minimum 730 metres (798 yd). Ben Powell of the 12th South Carolina claimed credit, although his account has been discounted because the general he shot at with a Whitworth rifled musket was mounted, probably Brig Gen. William H. Morris. Union
4205:
Shot placement, which is where on the body the sniper is aiming, varies with the type of sniper. Military snipers, who generally do not shoot at targets at less than 300 m (330 yd), usually attempt body shots, aiming at the chest. These shots depend on tissue damage, organ trauma, and
2951:
when the German police could not deploy specialized personnel or equipment during the standoff at the airport in the closing phase of the crisis, and consequently all of the Israeli hostages were killed. While the German army did have snipers in 1972, the use of army snipers in the scenario was
2927:
Police units that are unequipped for tactical operations may rely on a specialized SWAT team, which may have a dedicated sniper. Some police sniper operations begin with military assistance. Police snipers placed in vantage points, such as high buildings, can provide security for events. In one
4345:
Due to the surprise nature of sniper fire, high lethality of aimed shots and frustration at the inability to locate and counterattack snipers, sniper tactics have a significant negative effect on morale. Extensive use of sniper tactics can be used to induce constant stress and fear in opposing
4165:
For moving targets, the point-of-aim is ahead of the target in the direction of movement. Known as "leading" the target, the amount of "lead" depends on the speed and angle of the target's movement as well as the distance to the target. For this technique, holding over is the preferred method.
4092:
poles, fence posts) to determine the additional distance. The average human head is 150 millimeters (5.9 in) in width, average human shoulders are 500 millimeters (20 in) apart and the average distance from a person's pelvis to the top of their head is 1,000 millimeters (39 in).
4377:
Historically, units that suffered heavy and continual casualties from urban sniper fire and were frustrated by their inability to strike back effectively often have become enraged. Such units may overreact and violate the laws of land warfare concerning the treatment of captured snipers. This
4372:
As a result, if a sniper is in imminent danger of capture, he may discard any items (sniper rifle, laser rangefinder, etc.) which might indicate his status as a sniper. The risk of captured snipers being summarily executed is explicitly referred to in Chapter 6 of US Army doctrine document FM
3612:
in 50 m increments for ranges from 100 m up to 800 m or in some variations from 100 m up to 1000 m or 1200 m. There were ZF42, Zielfernrohr 43 (ZF 4), Zeiss Zielsechs 6x, Zeiss Zielacht 8x and other telescopic sights by various manufacturers like the Ajack 4x, Hensoldt Dialytan 4x and Kahles
3217:. At trials in 1857 which tested the accuracy and range of both weapons, Whitworth's design outperformed the Enfield at a rate of about three to one. The Whitworth rifle was capable of hitting the target at a range of 2,000 yards, whereas the Enfield could only manage it at 1,400 yards.
3408:
in France in 1916. Starting with a first class of only six, in time he was able to lecture to large numbers of soldiers from different Allied nations, proudly proclaiming in a letter that his school was turning out snipers at three times the rate of any such other school in the world.
2901:, commonly called police snipers, and military snipers differ in many ways, including their areas of operation and tactics. A police sharpshooter is part of a police operation and usually takes part in relatively short missions. Police forces typically deploy such sharpshooters in
5398:
U.S. Army Staff Sergeant Justin Morales â As part of the U.S. Army CIST (Counter Insurgent Sniper Team) in Iraq, he recorded 27 confirmed kills with an M24 7.62Ă51mm NATO rifle. From 2005 to 2006, Morales and his team in Balad, Iraq were tasked with seeking out insurgents placing
3796:
empty while they line up and take their shot. Other doctrines assert that exhausting the lungs results in an accelerated heart rate and suggest only a partial exhale before firing. Some go further, teaching their snipers to shoot between heartbeats to minimize barrel motion.
5274:, the insurgents named him 'Al-Shaitan Ramad' â the Devil of Rahmadi â and put a $ 20,000 bounty on his head. Kyle was honorably discharged in 2009, and on 2 February 2013, was murdered at a shooting range along with another victim in Texas by a Marine veteran suffering from
4063:
3471:
5378:
in the Chora Valley of Oruzgan Province, Afghanistan. In that action, patrol sniper Roberts-Smith prevented an outnumbered patrol from being overrun by anti-coalition militia with sniper fire. Subsequently, in early 2011, he became the second Australian to be awarded the
3494:. Soviet snipers were trained in their skills as marksmen, in using the terrain to hide themselves from the enemy and the ability to work alongside regular forces. This made the Soviet sniper training focus more on "normal" combat situations than those of other nations.
3113:⊠in erecting our batteries, the people frequently play tricks, by putting a hat with a cockade in it on a spunge staff, which the enemy fire at and often hit, to the diversion of the soldiery, who humorously call it sniping, and watch the flash to return the fire.
4190:" refers to a covered and concealed position from which a sniper and his team can conduct surveillance or fire at targets. A good hide conceals and camouflages the sniper effectively, provides cover from enemy fire and allows a wide view of the surrounding area.
3564:. Their defensive position inside a city filled with rubble meant that Soviet snipers were able to inflict significant casualties on the Wehrmacht troops. Because of the nature of fighting in city rubble, snipers were very hard to spot and seriously dented the
4080:
and the sniper must compensate for this by aiming higher at longer distances. If the exact distance is not known the sniper may compensate incorrectly and the bullet path may be too high or low. As an example, for a typical military sniping cartridge such as
3374:
coincidental hits, until the German scoped rifles were discovered. During World War I, the German army received a reputation for the deadliness and efficiency of its snipers, partly because of the high-quality lenses that German industry could manufacture.
3652:
into the environment. Sniper training varied from place to place, resulting in wide variation in the qualities of snipers. The main reason the US did not extend sniper training beyond long-range shooting was the limited deployment of US soldiers until the
4562:
larger regular force â regardless of the size of the force the snipers are attached to. It is widely accepted that sniping, while effective in specific instances, is much more effective as a broadly deployed psychological attack or as a force-multiplier.
4247:, reconnaissance is one of the most effective uses of snipers. They use their aerobic conditioning, infiltration skills and excellent long-distance observation equipment (optical scopes) and tactics to approach and observe the enemy. In this role, their
3984:
The key to sniping is accuracy, which applies to both the weapon and the shooter. The weapon should be able to consistently place shots within tight tolerances. The sniper in turn must use the weapon to accurately place shots under varying conditions.
3536:
with 345 confirmed kills. In Germany, confirmed kills are only valid in the presence of an officer, so Hetzenauer's estimated kills are many times higher. His longest confirmed kill was reported at 1,100 meters (1,200 yards). Hetzenauer received the
4431:
The occurrence of sniper warfare has led to the evolution of many counter-sniper tactics in modern military strategies. These aim to reduce the damage caused by a sniper to an army, which can often be harmful to both combat capabilities and morale.
4282:
and McMillan, are not designed exclusively as AM rifles, but are often employed in such a way, providing the range and power needed for AM applications in a lightweight package compared to most traditional AM rifles. Other calibers, such as the
3071:
and inaccurate over long distance. Barrel rifling was invented at the end of the fifteenth century, but was only employed in large cannons. Over time, rifling, along with other gunnery advances, has increased the performance of modern firearms.
5421:
sniper rifle set a new world record for the longest confirmed kill shot at a distance of 3,540 m (3,871 yd). The shot was fired from a high-rise building and the bullet travelled for "under 10 seconds" before hitting the target, an
4602:
Training materials obtained by U.S. intelligence had among its tips for shooting U.S. troops, "Killing doctors and chaplains is suggested as a means of psychological warfare.", suggesting that those casualties would demoralize entire units.
4482:. Though these may not kill a sniper, they will reveal their location. Booby-trap devices can be placed near likely sniper hides, or along the probable routes to and from positions. Knowledge of sniper field-craft will assist in this task.
4196:
Many snipers use ghillie suits to hide and stay hidden. Ghillie suits vary according to the terrain into which the sniper wishes to blend. For example, in dry grassland the sniper will typically wear a ghillie suit covered in dead grass.
4046:
The method of sniper deployment, according to the Ministry of Defence, is likely to be one three-platoon company at the brigade level, with one of the platoons acting independently and the other two supporting the battalions as needed.
3639:
4304:
As sniper rifles are often extremely powerful and consequently loud, it is common for snipers to use a technique known as sound masking. When employed by a highly skilled marksman, this tactic can be used as a substitute for a noise
4947:
and is regarded by many as the most effective sniper in the history of warfare, being credited with killing up to 705 Soviet soldiers (505 sniper kills, and estimated 200 sub-machine gun kills) in fewer than 100 days. HÀyhÀ used a
4435:
The risk of damage to a chain of command can be reduced by removing or concealing features that would otherwise indicate an officer's rank. Modern armies tend to avoid saluting officers in the field, and eliminate rank insignia on
4470:, or other booby-traps near suspected sniper positions. Even dummy trip-wires can be placed to hamper sniper movement. If anti-personnel mines are unavailable, it is possible to improvise booby-traps by connecting trip-wires to
5210:) â briefly held the record for the longest recorded and confirmed sniper kill at 2,310 m (2,526 yd) in 2002, eclipsing U.S. Marine Gunnery Sergeant Carlos Hathcock's previous record established in 1967. Perry used a
3228:. This allowed a marksman to observe and target objects more accurately at a greater distance than ever before. The telescopic sight, or scope, was originally fixed and could not be adjusted, which therefore limited its range.
4242:
Snipers are trained for the detection, identification, and location of a targeted soldier in sufficient detail to permit the effective employment of lethal and non-lethal means. Since most kills in modern warfare are by other
3333:
said of them that "keener men never lived", and that "Burnham was the greatest scout of our time." Burnham distinguished himself in wars in South Africa, Rhodesia, and in Arizona fighting the Apaches, and his definitive work,
4262:, sitting as a passenger in a car, sitting in a car with a large radio antenna, having military servants, binoculars/map cases or talking and moving position more frequently. If possible, snipers shoot in descending order by
2956:'s explicit prohibition of the use of the military in domestic matters. This lack of trained snipers who could be used in civilian roles was later addressed with the founding of the specialized police counter-terrorist unit
5353:", a sniper who features in several propaganda videos. Juba has allegedly shot 37 American soldiers, although whether Juba is a real individual is unknown. He may be a constructed composite of a number of insurgent snipers.
8221:
5287:
U.S. Marine Corps Staff Sergeant Steve Reichert â Killed an Iraqi insurgent and possibly injured two more hiding behind a brick wall with a shot from 1 mile in Lutayfiyah, Iraq on 9 April 2004. Reichert was using a
4043:
training program includes theory and practice of countersniper engagements, artillery spotting, and coordination of air support. The first instructors are the graduates of the Solnechnogorsk sniper training centre.
2658:, two teams would be deployed together to increase their security and effectiveness in an urban environment. A sniper team would be armed with a long-range weapon and a rapid-firing shorter-ranged weapon in case of
3196:
to snipe at advancing enemy forces in response to detection by the enemy. They executed this often from a perch high in trees. The Whitworth rifle was arguably the first long-range sniper rifle in the world. A
4017:
Servicemen volunteer for the rigorous sniper training and are accepted on the basis of their aptitude, physical ability, marksmanship, patience and mental stability. Military snipers may be further trained as
4277:
sets. A sniper equipped with the correct rifle can target radar dishes, water containers, the engines of vehicles, and any number of other targets. Other rifles, such as the .50 caliber rifles produced by
2202:
targets from positions of concealment or at distances exceeding the target's detection capabilities. Snipers generally have specialized training and are equipped with telescopic sights. Modern snipers use
5063:, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He is credited with stalking and killing 33 German snipers in the
3125:
had a tall, distinguished American officer in his rifle's iron sights. Ferguson did not take the shot, as he considered shooting anyone in the back dishonourable. Only later, did Ferguson learn that
7938:
4731:) â developer of the world's first breech-loaded military rifle (which advanced sniping and sharpshooting tactics), fought with his Corps of Riflemen (recruited from the 6th and 14th Foot) at the
4076:
The range to the target is measured or estimated as precisely as conditions permit and correct range estimation becomes absolutely critical at long ranges, because a bullet travels with a curved
4519:
The use of sniping (in the sense of shooting at relatively long range from a concealed position) to murder came to public attention in a number of sensational U.S. criminal cases, including the
3769:
and map reading as well as precision marksmanship under various operational conditions. Trainees typically shoot thousands of rounds over a number of weeks, while learning these core skills.
4224:
In a high-risk or hostage-taking situation where a suspect is imminently threatening to kill a hostage, police snipers may take head shots to ensure an instant kill. The snipers aim for the
4221:
sniper took a shot from 80 m (87 yd) at the pistol of a police officer threatening to commit suicide, destroying the weapon and preventing the police officer from killing himself.
3418:
the enemy sniper, who could then be attacked with artillery fire. He developed many of the modern techniques in sniping, including the use of spotting scopes and working in pairs, and using
3629:
later served in the army. On average there was at least one sniper in an infantry platoon and one in every reconnaissance platoon, including in tank and even artillery units. Some used the
5270:
alone, when U.S. Marines fought running battles in the streets with several thousand insurgents, he killed 40 enemy personnel. For his deadly record as a marksman during his deployment to
4273:, are designed for a purely anti-materiel (AM) role, e.g. shooting turbine disks of parked aircraft, missile guidance packages, expensive optics, and the bearings, tubes or wave guides of
4130:
At longer ranges, bullet drop plays a significant role in targeting. The effect can be estimated from a chart, which may be memorized or taped to the rifle, although some scopes come with
3220:
During the Crimean War, the first optical sights were designed to fit onto rifles. Much of this pioneering work was the brainchild of Colonel D. Davidson, using optical sights produced by
7818:
8880:
4443:
Friendly snipers can be used to hunt the enemy sniper. Besides direct observation, defending forces can use other techniques. These include calculating the trajectory of a bullet by
3317:. Burnham fittingly described these scouts as "half wolf and half jackrabbit.". Just like their Boer scout opponents, these scouts were well practised in the arts of marksmanship,
6759:
Copper, Jeff (July 1994). "Cooper's Scout rifle a gun for all reasons: whether it be for hunting or individual combat, this concept may just be the ultimate dual-purpose rifle".
4134:(BDC) systems that only require the range be dialed in. These are tuned to both a specific class of rifle and specific ammunition. Every bullet type and load will have different
8851:
6110:
4309:. Very loud sounds in the environment, such as artillery shells air bursting or claps of thunder, can often mask the sound of the shot. This technique is frequently used in
4213:
Police snipers, who generally shoot at much shorter distances, may attempt a more precise shot at particular parts of body or particular devices: in one incident in 2007 in
2789:, the shooter does not operate alone, but has a backup shooter trained to fulfill multiple roles in addition to being sniper-qualified in the operation of the main weapon.
4386:, when American "Marksmen" intentionally targeted British officers, an act considered uncivilized by the British Army at the time (this reputation was cemented during the
4228:
to sever the spine from the brain. While this is believed to prevent the target from reflexively firing their weapon, there is evidence that any brain-hit is sufficient.
2307:
sportsman a lot of patience and endurance to wing-shoot a snipe in flight. Accomplishing such a shot was regarded as exceptional. During the late 18th century, the term
8482:
5296:
multipurpose rounds. During the same engagement Reichert killed an Iraqi machine gunner pinning down a squad of Marines from a distance of 1,614 m (1,765 yd).
7845:
5518:
3385:
both for discharging firearms and for observation. Often a steel plate was used with a "key hole", which had a rotating piece to cover the loophole when not in use.
3209:
instead, which meant that the projectile did not have to bite into grooves as was done with conventional rifling. The Whitworth rifle was far more accurate than the
6242:
3251:
was killed by a Confederate Whitworth sharpshooter at a range of about 1,000 yards (910 meters) after saying the enemy "couldn't hit an elephant at this distance".
8796:
7946:
8871:
3825:
Range and accuracy vary depending on the cartridge and specific ammunition types that are used. Typical ranges for common battle field cartridges are as follows:
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2823:
The spotter is responsible for detecting, identifying and assigning priority of targets for the shooter, as well as assessing the outcome of the shot. Using a
5074:
after World War II. He became one of the most effective snipers during the Korean War, during which in one instance he killed 30 soldiers in a single morning.
2767:) consists of a combination of at least one primary weapon operator, (ie: the shooter), with other support personnel and force protection elements, such as a
2414:
Snipers are also called "hunters" in many languages, due to the nature of the craft (with the hunting horn also being a symbol of marksmanship), being called
7654:
7640:, p. 132 â "In 1971, the Provisional IRA shot dead forty-two British soldiers. In 1972, this figure rose to sixty-four, most of them killed by snipers."
8024:
Rhea, Gordon C. The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern 7â12 May 1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997.
3159:
of the British Army proposed using what they had learned while leading light infantry to establish a special unit of marksmen. Subsequently raised as the "
3505:, lone, well-hidden French and British snipers were able to halt the German advance for a considerable amount of time. For example, during the pursuit to
44:
3772:
Snipers are trained to squeeze the trigger straight back with the ball of their finger, to avoid jerking the gun sideways. The most accurate position is
9307:
6159:
3486:, most nations dropped their specialized sniper units, notably the Germans. Effectiveness and dangers of snipers once again came to the fore during the
8499:
Viet Cong shot dead by a round fired from a scope-mounted Browning M-2 .50 caliber machine gun at the unbelievable range of 2,500 yards (2,300 m).
4440:. Officers can seek maximum cover before revealing themselves as good candidates for elimination through actions such as reading maps or using radios.
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3156:
3792:
is wrapped around the weak arm (or both) to reduce stock movement. Some doctrines train a sniper to breathe deeply before shooting, then hold their
8089:
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and practitioners of discretion: "He who shoots and runs away, lives to shoot another day." They were also the first known military unit to wear a
8093:
4936:
sniper credited with 378 kills, and an unknown number of unconfirmed kills. He only took credit for kills when they were verified by an officer.
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forces, making them afraid to move about or leave cover. In many ways, the psychological impact imposed by snipers is quite similar to those of
8822:
7906:
7122:
4595:
Through to November 2005 the Army had attributed 28 of 2,100 U.S. deaths to enemy snipers. In 2006, it was claimed that one insurgent sniper, "
2541:
A sniper's primary function in modern warfare is to stay concealed at all times and avoid detection. Then from long range, to provide detailed
8138:
6290:
3109:
Hunting terminology was quickly adapted to warfare by British soldiers. In a 1772 letter, a soldier described enemies firing very accurately:
8566:
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4287:
and the .338 Lapua Magnum, are designed to be capable of limited AM application, but are ideally suited as long range anti-personnel rounds.
2953:
7822:
4398:, an act that won the battle and French support). The British side used specially selected sharpshooters as well, often German mercenaries.
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during the American Civil War, where both the Union and Confederate armies employed sharpshooters. The most notable incident was during the
5989:
3560:
One of the best known battles involving snipers, and the battle that made the Germans reinstate their specialized sniper training, was the
6057:
8071:
5089:
achieved 93 confirmed kills during the Vietnam War but believed to have over 200 unconfirmed kills. With a telescopic-scoped .50 caliber
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and handles ancillary tasks as immediate security of their location, communication with other parties (e.g. directing artillery fire and
2283:
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high-profile incident commonly referred to as "The Shot Seen Around the World" due to going viral online, Mike Plumb, a SWAT sniper in
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1129:
5655:"This Regiment has several Field Pieces, and two companies of Sharp Shooters, which are very necessary in the modern Stile of War"
5014:
was an Austrian sniper in World War II who was credited with 345 confirmed kills on the Eastern Front, the most successful in the
2905:
scenarios. This differs from a military sniper, who operates as part of a larger army, engaged in warfare. Sometimes as part of a
5096:, he set a world record for the longest recorded sniper kill at 2,286 m (2,500 yd) which stood for 35 years until 2002.
5080:
was a Soviet sniper during World War II credited with 59 confirmed kills, including twelve soldiers during the Battle of Vilnius.
2545:
from a concealed position and, if necessary, to reduce the enemy's combat ability by neutralizing high-value targets (especially
2391:
on the other. The earliest known date for the creation of a shooting club formed specifically for the use of firearms comes from
1561:
7191:
5519:"What is a Sniper in the Army & Other Military Branches? What is the Longest Sniper Rifle Shot? â Shooting Range Industries"
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rifles from Germany. In the open terrain of South Africa the marksmen were a crucial component to the outcome of the battle.
3013:
4977:(World War II) was a female Soviet sniper with 309 confirmed kills, making her the most successful female sniper in history.
3185:
7663:
7257:
6540:"Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Volume 19" By Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain)
5423:
8748:
6583:"Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers". Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain), 1860, p.12
6551:
4009:
can be constructed from items such as tree branches or ski poles. Some military snipers use three-legged shooting sticks.
2642:
Military snipers from the US, UK and other countries that adopt their military doctrine are typically deployed in two-man
9382:
6922:
6895:
6824:
6246:
5303:
rifle at 1,250 m (1,367 yd) with a M24, killing an Iraqi insurgent sniper in Ramadi, Iraq on 27 September 2005.
5263:
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being, "They couldn't hit an elephant at this dist-", whereupon he was shot. In reality, he was shot a few minutes later.
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3314:
2777:
1917:
185:
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4812:
4520:
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caused by ground heat. Also, in conjunction with the shooter, the spotter will calculate the distance, shooting angle (
2112:
1890:
500:
7736:
Sniper: Master of Terrain, Technology, And Timing, He Is A Hunter of Human Prey and the Military's Most Feared Fighter
5027:
Chinese Sergeant Tung Chih Yeh claimed to have shot and killed over 100 Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) soldiers using a
4296:
an atmosphere of chaos and confusion. In other, rarer situations, relocation is used to eliminate the factor of wind.
4145:
does not act perpendicular to the direction the bullet is traveling. Thus, gravity must be divided into its component
3702:
trained snipers. In the jungles of Asia and the Pacific Islands, snipers posed a serious threat to U.S., British, and
9014:
8667:
8342:
8029:
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7351:
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include squad-level snipers. Snipers have increasingly been demonstrated as useful by US and UK forces in the recent
1566:
142:
4764:
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and mountainous regions where the potential for concealment was limited, in contrast to Western and Central Europe.
6224:
6198:
5343:
5299:
U.S. Army Staff Sergeant Jim Gilliland â Previously held the record for the longest recorded confirmed kill with a
1644:
8427:
7651:
3513:, the resulting small number of trained snipers in combat units considerably reduced their overall effectiveness.
9372:
7855:
6268:
5395:
rifle, Roberts-Smith was placed into a firefight by helicopter and subsequently eliminated machine gun positions.
4714:
3661:
2792:
The shooter focuses mainly on firing the shot, while the spotter assists in observation of targets, accounts for
2349:, in use by British newspapers as early as 1801. The word alludes to good marksmanship, itself descendent of the
1989:
1627:
1414:
234:
4546:, where in 1972, the bloodiest year of the conflict, the majority of the soldiers killed were shot by concealed
9377:
8254:
5275:
4279:
4006:
3817:
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observing areas not immediately visible to the sniper and spotter, assisting with the team's rear security and
2705:
1753:
7069:
4782:) â commanded 1st and 2nd US Sharpshooters, who were trained and equipped Union marksmen with the .52 caliber
4055:
9317:
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7763:
6173:
5620:
5464:
5185:
4752:, usually in pairs and trusted to choose their own targets, they wrought havoc amongst the French during the
4528:
3341:
After the war, this regiment went on to formally become the first official sniper unit, then better known as
3306:
2983:
2969:
2170:
1617:
5342:
sniper Corporal I.R. Premasiri, alias "Nero", of the 5th Battalion in the Gajaba Regiment has 180 confirmed
4131:
5367:
5360:
5024:â Austrian sniper, who has served in 3. Gebirgsjaegerdivision during WW II and credited 64 confirmed kills.
3617:
produced by various manufacturers were used for mounting aiming optics to the rifles. In February 1945 the
2107:
806:
566:
7877:
7319:"J'ai fait mouche sur son arme Ă 80 mĂštres pour le sauver (ENG:I hit his weapon at 80 meters to save him)"
4000:
A sandbag can serve as a useful platform for shooting a sniper rifle, although any soft surface such as a
3735:
2471:(in Italian Francesco Giuseppe I; Cecco and Beppe are nicknames for Francesco and Giuseppe respectively).
9418:
8227:
6497:
5484:
5432:
5400:
5392:
5308:
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in Helmand Province in Afghanistan in November 2009 at a range of 2,475 m (2,707 yd), using an
4855:, but he left the United States to scout in Africa and went on to command the British Army Scouts in the
4355:
3401:
2991:
2987:
2940:
2480:
2117:
1304:
1101:
972:
510:
114:
4124:
9393:
5318:â As of 2010, Kellner is still active as a sniper in the U.S. Army, with 78 confirmed kills during the
5138:
4903:
4728:
4710:
4692:, was the first recorded British sniper victim, killed by a Royalist soldier hiding in a bell tower in
4512:
3805:
3037:
2786:
1581:
54:
7985:
7554:
Petri Sarjanen (1998). Valkoinen kuolema: Talvisodan legendaarisen tarkka-ampujan Simo HÀyhÀn tarina.
5993:
5045:(Chinese: ćŒ æĄèł; Traditional Chinese: ćŒ”æĄèł; WadeâGiles: Zhang Tao-fang) was a Chinese soldier during the
4926:; he may have had close to 300 kills in total at Gallipoli, and went on to fight at the Western Front.
4883:, known among enemies by the nickname "White Death", is generally recognized as the world's deadliest
4193:
The main purpose of ghillie suits and hide sites is to break up the outline of a person with a rifle.
9438:
9413:
9333:
7509:
7111:
5931:
5267:
4962:
has been said to have killed 702 enemy troops, Vladimir Gavrilovich Salbiev had 601 confirmed kills,
4828:
4551:
4458:
Other tactics include directing artillery or mortar fire onto suspected sniper positions, the use of
3310:
3263:
2990:
in November 2023, hitting a Russian soldier at a distance of 3,800 m (4,156 yd) during the
2817:
1691:
1199:
543:
417:
251:
7916:
4366:
3427:
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in Helmand Province in Afghanistan at a range of 2,475 m (2,707 yd) or 1.54 miles using a
8067:
5125:
5036:
4760:
4338:
3609:
3510:
3397:
3338:
provides a dramatic and enlightening picture of what a sniper was at the time and how he operated.
3330:
2558:
2142:
2009:
1556:
1249:
1062:
910:
9164:
Sniping in France 1914-18: With Notes on the Scientific Training of Scouts, Observers, and Snipers
9064:
Hesketh Prichard, D.S.O., M.C.: hunter: explorer: naturalist: cricketer: author: soldier; a memoir
7137:
6962:"Sniping in France : with notes on the scientific training of scouts, observers, and snipers"
5967:
5240:) â achieved a recorded and confirmed sniper kill at 2,430 m (2,657 yd) in 2002 using a
4884:
2467:
is derived from Cecco (Beppe), familiarly and mockingly referring to the Austro-Hungarian Emperor
9428:
6853:
5894:
5388:
5161:
5090:
4981:
4832:
4706:
4645:
3708:
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2932:, prevented a suicide by shooting a revolver out of the individual's hand, leaving him unharmed.
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2408:
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110:
28:
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A Fatherly Eye: Indian Agents, Government Power, and Aboriginal Resistance in Ontario, 1918â1939
2947:
The need for specialized training for police sharpshooters was made apparent in 1972 during the
8408:
8390:
7601:
7417:
6061:
5143:
4963:
4554:
personnel being shot with .50 caliber Barrett rifles by sniper teams collectively known as the
4532:
4426:
4334:
4310:
4284:
3971:
3903:
3231:
Despite its success at the trials, the rifle was not adopted by the British Army. However, the
2898:
2887:
2828:
2756:
2590:
2574:
2546:
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1962:
1937:
1659:
1571:
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1319:
915:
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318:
217:
118:
98:
8469:...famous Hathcock shot that killed an enemy from more than 2,500 yards (2,300 m) away...
7731:
7704:
7605:
7412:
Trigger Men: Shadow Team, Spider-Man, the Magnificent Bastards, and the American Combat Sniper
6708:
6335:
5011:
3533:
3001:
special forces who in June 2017 achieved a hit at a distance of 3,540 m (3,871 yd).
9423:
8979:
8932:
7679:
Crosshairs on the Kill Zone: American Combat Snipers, Vietnam through Operation Iraqi Freedom
7677:
7449:
7375:
6674:
6642:
6602:
6437:
6403:
6369:
5653:, 23 June 1801, can be found the following quote in a piece about the North British Militia;
5459:
5218:
rifle. A few days later, a new record was achieved by his teammate during the same operation.
5028:
4959:
4949:
4899:
4402:
3891:
3727:
3275:
3140:
hid in the trees and used early model rifles to shoot senior British officers. Most notably,
3095:
2632:
2562:
2199:
1551:
1484:
1437:
1086:
1049:
1012:
930:
882:
766:
576:
369:
273:
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7235:
6523:
5391:
in June 2010, having provided sniper over-watch for ground forces from a helicopter with an
4767:
and one of his aides at a range of between 200 and 600 metres (219 and 656 yd) using a
3671:
3614:
3413:
Another innovation was the use of a dummy head to find the location of an enemy sniper. The
3396:
Soon the British army began to train their own snipers in specialized sniper schools. Major
9006:
6015:
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4929:
4732:
4507:
4437:
4314:
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3703:
3561:
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2247:
1942:
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1701:
1696:
1514:
1479:
1214:
1029:
887:
823:
677:
647:
224:
122:
8911:
8358:
3369:, snipers appeared as deadly sharpshooters in the trenches. At the start of the war, only
8:
9077:
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8653:
7795:
7579:
7117:
5436:
5363:
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1024:
791:
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538:
528:
278:
202:
8689:
8432:[When the Motherland is in danger] (in Russian). Nord.pomorsu.ru. Archived from
5449:
2909:
team, police snipers are deployed alongside negotiators and an assault team trained for
2505:
Over-watch being provided by an army sergeant during a high-level meeting, Baghdad, Iraq
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8083:
8044:
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5414:
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5333:
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typically let them shoot at high-value targets of opportunity, such as enemy officers.
4244:
4237:
4095:
To determine the range to a target without a laser rangefinder, the sniper may use the
4023:
3742:. The Italians trained few snipers and supplied them with a scoped Carcano Model 1891.
3613:
Heliavier 4x with similar features employed on German sniper rifles. Several different
3580:
3498:
3382:
3358:
3083:(later "sharpshooting" or "sniping") occurred as early as the mid-eighteenth century.
2782:
2752:
2654:. In most recent combat operations occurring in large densely populated towns, such as
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2514:
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1982:
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1069:
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987:
862:
833:
786:
724:
699:
533:
327:
246:
8359:"Osprey Men-at-Arms 424: The Chinese Army 1937â1949 : World War II and Civil War"
7451:
Out of Nowhere: A history of the military sniper, from the Sharpshooter to Afghanistan
6597:
The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern, May 7â12, 1864
6553:
Out of Nowhere: A history of the military sniper, from the Sharpshooter to Afghanistan
4618:
in Libya in 2011, both from anti-governmental and pro-governmental supporters, and in
9433:
9341:
9289:
9267:
9245:
9219:
9193:
9189:
9167:
9145:
9116:
9087:
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9010:
8983:
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5384:
5357:
5181:
5165:
5158:
5093:
4852:
4807:
During the American Civil War, an unidentified Confederate sniper shot Major General
4689:
4584:
4498:
4455:"Norsupyssy" ("Elephant rifle") anti-tank rifle was fired at the sniper to kill him.
4414:
4362:
4318:
4225:
4088:
4039:
3915:
3653:
3487:
3451:
3414:
3206:
3126:
3017:
2916:
2820:. Both the spotter and flanker carry additional ammunition and associated equipment.
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2801:
2797:
2647:
2527:
2227:
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2019:
1922:
1912:
1907:
1877:
1860:
1855:
1828:
1773:
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1134:
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1039:
992:
962:
801:
594:
571:
505:
146:
8570:
8294:
6474:
5300:
4786:. It has been claimed that Berdan's units killed more enemies than any other in the
4082:
3932:
3843:
3618:
3180:
The term, "sharp shooter" was in use in British newspapers as early as 1801. In the
2935:
2132:
9408:
9312:
8066:
7540:
5499:
5469:
5105:
5083:
5050:
4953:
4816:
4724:
4649:
4540:
4406:
4166:
Anticipating the behavior of the target is necessary to accurately place the shot.
4159:
4146:
4108:
change. The USMC standard is that 1 mil (that is, 1 milliradian) equals 3.438 MOA (
3789:
3781:
3739:
3715:
3605:
3502:
3490:. The only nation that had specially trained sniper units during the 1930s was the
3459:
3370:
3283:
3202:
3152:
3122:
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3021:
3004:
2554:
2535:
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2400:
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2137:
2102:
2034:
1927:
1865:
1758:
1686:
1679:
1536:
1469:
1419:
1409:
1284:
1204:
1164:
1149:
1111:
1096:
967:
952:
905:
813:
771:
714:
709:
667:
490:
467:
359:
283:
212:
195:
150:
9109:
The ultimate sniper: an advanced training manual for military & police snipers
4373:
3-060.11 entitled "SNIPER AND COUNTERSNIPER TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES":
3361:
in 1915. The spotter beside him is helping to find targets with his own periscope.
3301:, a Scottish Highland regiment formed in 1899, that earned high praise during the
2667:
58:
8752:
8724:
8076:
He-who-sees-in-the-dark; the boys' story of Frederick Burnham, the American scout
7999:
7658:
5595:
5454:
5418:
5375:
5339:
5329:
5326:
5315:
5280:
5245:
5215:
5192:
5099:
5086:
5064:
5000:
4940:
4933:
4919:
4895:
4891:
4880:
4856:
4745:
4653:
4631:
4524:
4391:
4027:
3866:
3699:
3657:
3633:
3574:
3525:
3443:
3353:
3302:
3287:
3221:
2948:
2868:
2860:
2614:
2404:
2327:
1947:
1932:
1850:
1806:
1748:
1404:
1399:
1289:
1279:
1194:
1169:
1106:
947:
877:
867:
719:
704:
627:
599:
389:
384:
364:
207:
81:
7483:
7264:
7087:
6269:"Weather Underground History for Kandahar, Afghanistan â Month of November 2009"
5909:
5137:
for their attempt to protect the injured crew of a downed helicopter during the
4401:
To demoralize enemy troops, snipers can follow predictable patterns. During the
3754:
A US Marine extracts a fired cartridge casing and chambers a new round into his
8745:
8139:"This sniper, known as 'The White Death,' is credited with more than 500 kills"
7882:
6761:
5494:
5380:
5293:
5134:
5116:
5060:
4967:
4753:
4550:
riflemen. There were some instances in the early 1990s of British soldiers and
4038:
From 2011, the Russian armed forces have run newly developed sniper courses in
3848:
3773:
3378:
2824:
2655:
2566:
2468:
2350:
2295:
2212:
2122:
1870:
1294:
1254:
1232:
1219:
1209:
1179:
1091:
1044:
847:
838:
729:
682:
662:
652:
622:
589:
477:
434:
399:
374:
241:
174:
9387:
8852:"Canadian elite special forces sniper makes record-breaking kill shot in Iraq"
6961:
4210:
to kill the target. Body shots are used because the chest is a larger target.
3434:
The main sniper rifles used during the First World War were the German Mauser
3400:
was given formal permission to begin sniper training in 1915, and founded the
9402:
9241:
9215:
9141:
9112:
9083:
8885:
8433:
8181:
8116:
8053:
7031:
6774:
6111:"Canadian elite special forces sniper sets record-breaking kill shot in Iraq"
5350:
5289:
5042:
4808:
4657:
4596:
4475:
4444:
4263:
4109:
3989:
over distance and can decrease lethality or cause a shot to miss completely.
3809:
3723:
3601:
3419:
3259:
3248:
3169:
3103:
2978:
Ukrainian sniper during the military training near the Belarus border in 2022
2809:
2531:
2374:
2370:
1969:
1957:
1813:
1733:
1649:
1632:
1489:
1344:
1324:
1002:
997:
977:
957:
872:
843:
818:
694:
672:
657:
632:
472:
379:
337:
332:
229:
134:
7052:
6996:
5732:
5697:
5574:
4876:
4581:
with the Iraqi insurgency and civil war between many Sunni and Shia Iraqis.
4382:
The negative reputation and perception of snipers can be traced back to the
4365:. This happened during World War I and World War II; for example the second
3958:
3945:
3879:
3431:, to which reference is still made by modern authors regarding the subject.
3388:
3102:; the mass eviction of Stewart clansmen and their replacement by members of
2859:
for moving targets. It is not unusual for the spotter to be equipped with a
9133:
9104:
9072:
8998:
8662:
7289:
6809:
6499:
The Fall of the Asante Empire: The Hundred-Year War For Africa's Gold Coast
5479:
5473:
5077:
4985:
4836:
4821:
4783:
4775:
4615:
4543:
4539:
Sniping has been used in asymmetric warfare situations, for example in the
4471:
4459:
4410:
4179:
3688:
3676:
3592:
3553:
3528:
is credited with 505 confirmed kills, most with the Finnish version of the
3491:
3326:
3298:
3198:
3087:
3025:
2910:
2891:
2813:
2748:
2636:
2618:
2586:
2542:
2484:
2335:
2259:
2204:
2192:
2156:
2082:
2062:
2057:
1952:
1897:
1531:
1526:
1349:
1264:
1007:
741:
642:
439:
323:
138:
94:
62:
21:
8258:
8042:"Killed the Matabele God: Burnham, the American scout, may end uprising".
7011:
4059:
US Marine telescopic sight picture during high-angle marksmanship training
3861:
2650:. A common practice is for a shooter and a spotter to take turns to avoid
2226:
and high-grade marksmanship, military snipers are trained in a variety of
2219:
feeding tactical information back to their units or command headquarters.
129:
6976:
5712:
5677:
5554:
5332:, using a 7.62mm C-3, registered 20 confirmed kills over ten days during
5237:
5225:
5207:
5195:
5130:
5112:
5056:
4915:
4793:
4768:
4612:
4358:(constant threat, high "per event" lethality, inability to strike back).
4120:
4096:
3993:
3755:
3695:
3529:
3483:
3366:
3318:
3236:
3214:
3164:
2921:
2852:
2848:
2808:, and therefore are usually armed with a faster-firing weapon such as an
2610:
2395:, Switzerland, where one club has a charter dating from 1466. During the
2255:
2243:
2067:
1818:
1783:
1622:
1309:
1274:
982:
925:
828:
612:
313:
308:
7652:
Operation Banner: An Analysis of Military Operations in Northern Ireland
6981:(St. Martin's ed.). New York: St. Martin's Paperbacks. p. 45.
6312:
6228:
6202:
5262:
between 2003 and 2009, had 255 kills, 160 of which are confirmed by the
2635:
in a fire support role to cover the movement of infantry, especially in
2598:
7958:
5426:
5266:, making him the deadliest marksman in US military history. During the
5255:
5046:
4944:
4911:
4801:
4787:
4749:
4588:
4452:
4351:
4306:
4270:
4135:
4104:
4077:
3793:
3762:
3761:
Military sniper training aims to teach a high degree of proficiency in
3718:
include: the Soviet M1891/30 MosinâNagant and, to a lesser extent, the
3517:
3447:
3225:
3068:
3040:. The QTU Lapua external ballistics software, using continuous doppler
2840:
2836:
2708: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2651:
2578:
2316:
2024:
1994:
1716:
1080:
5890:
Zeitgeschichte â Spezialeinheiten im Zweiten Weltkrieg: ScharfschĂŒtzen
3568:
of the German attackers. The best known of these snipers was probably
2501:
8308:"MatthÀus Hetzenauer, Austrian sniper with 345 confirmed kills, 1944"
8182:"How "White Death" Simo HÀyhÀ Became The Deadliest Sniper In History"
7911:
7819:"Iraqi Insurgent Snipers Target U.S. Medics, Engineers and Chaplains"
7768:
5173:
5049:. He is credited with 214 confirmed kills in 32 days without using a
5015:
4693:
4685:
4467:
4347:
4214:
4187:
4174:
3766:
3636:
with an adapted scope as an early example of an anti-materiel rifle.
3596:
3435:
3425:
In 1920, he wrote his account of his war time activities in his book
3033:
2741:
2736:
2594:
2582:
2304:
2239:
2014:
1838:
1788:
1738:
1728:
1723:
1588:
1379:
1374:
1339:
776:
462:
429:
298:
4859:. For his ability to track, even at night, the Africans dubbed him,
3621:
active infrared aiming device was issued for night sniping with the
3497:
Snipers reappeared as important factors on the battlefield from the
3321:, map reading, observation, and military tactics. They were skilled
2879:
2683:
7232:"ĐĄĐœĐ°ĐčпДŃŃĐșĐŸĐ” ĐŽĐČĐžĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐžĐ” ĐČ Đ ĐĐĐ | ĐŃŃĐŸŃĐžŃ ŃĐœĐ°ĐčпДŃŃĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐžŃĐșŃŃŃŃĐČĐ°"
6164:
5963:
5893:(Documentary film) (in German). EMS GmbH. Event occurs at 57mins.
5888:"Snipers during the First and Second World Wars": info taken from:
5628:
5319:
5222:
4840:
4575:
4489:
units had been very successful, especially during the Vietnam War.
4463:
4266:, or if rank is unavailable, they shoot to disrupt communications.
4259:
4255:
4207:
4001:
3521:
3322:
3271:
3193:
3080:
2628:
2384:
2326:
was first attested militarily in 1824, becoming commonplace in the
2195:
2188:
2029:
2004:
1637:
1269:
1244:
857:
412:
354:
266:
6199:"QuickTarget Unlimited Lapua Edition exterior ballistics software"
4735:, where he may have passed up a chance to shoot George Washington.
4369:
when 36 suspected snipers were lined up and shot on 14 July 1943.
4329:
4103:
on a scope to accurately find the range. Mil dots are used like a
3392:
Soldiers raise a Papier-mùché dummy head to locate an enemy sniper
2383:
for such popular competitions; proudly carrying flags depicting a
2230:
techniques: detection, stalking, target range estimation methods,
8511:
8389:
Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu.
7850:
6291:"Brit sniper makes double-kill at 1.54 miles with .338 Lapua Mag"
6186:
Conditions were perfect, no wind, mild weather, clear visibility.
5241:
5211:
5169:
5032:
4988:) was credited with killing about 200 German soldiers during the
4669:
4665:
4142:
4100:
3927:
3784:, and the stock's cheek-piece against the cheek. In the field, a
3777:
3750:
3506:
3455:
3405:
3381:
and a need for protection from snipers created a requirement for
3064:
3029:
2902:
2855:-related correction, interference by atmospheric factors and the
2606:
2392:
2039:
1999:
1763:
1597:
1593:
935:
920:
796:
457:
452:
422:
341:
303:
3532:
bolt-action MosinâNagant. The most successful German sniper was
3098:, in retaliation for Campbell's role in an early version of the
2509:
9080:: an advanced training manual for military & police snipers
7503:
7501:
6169:
5271:
5177:
4848:
4721:, hampering the British advance which resulted in their defeat.
4150:
3813:
3719:
3644:
3622:
3565:
3291:
2864:
2844:
2624:
2388:
2360:
2340:
2299:
1546:
942:
759:
495:
9003:
Without Warning: Canadian Sniper Equipment of the 20th Century
8454:
7675:
7046:"Sniping in France by Major H. Hesketh-Prichard (1920) p. 239"
4800:) recorded 36 "kills" on his custom-made .50 caliber Kentucky
6085:"SBU sniper claims world record after successful 3.8 km shot"
5229:
5199:
4619:
4479:
4274:
3785:
3192:
were made up of professional hunters who used their skill as
3091:
2957:
2883:
2496:
2291:
2287:
1017:
553:
548:
50:
7498:
7373:
6367:
6337:
George Washington's War: The Saga of the American Revolution
6058:"The Columbus Ohio Police S.W.A.T. Platoon 28th Anniversary"
5439:
was a Shia Iraqi veteran sniper with 350 claimed ISIS kills.
4656:
No. 4 Mk I(T) rifle and scope combination and a camouflaged
3470:
3286:
were used by both sides. The British were equipped with the
2800:). A flanker is an extra teammate who is tasked to act as a
6964:. New York : E.P. Dutton – via Internet Archive.
5407:
5259:
5071:
4218:
3665:
3630:
2998:
2906:
293:
288:
8160:"How a Finnish farmer became the world's deadliest sniper"
7016:(2nd ed.). New York: Thomas Dunne Books. p. 77.
6978:
Sniper : the skills, the weapons, and the experiences
4141:
Shooting uphill or downhill is confusing for many because
3090:, Colin Roy Campbell of Glenure was shot in the back near
6941:
5007:
Semyon Nomokonov killed 367 persons, including a general.
4486:
4394:
allegedly ordered his marksmen to target British General
2550:
166:
7986:
Rifleman Thomas Plunkett: 'A Pattern for the Battalion.'
7965:
7536:"Robotic-vacuum maker, BU team up on anti-sniper device"
4625:
3357:
An Australian sniper aims a periscope-equipped rifle at
2997:
The previous record holder was a member of the Canadian
2450:. Completely different and peculiar is the Italian term
8872:
List of books, articles and documentaries about snipers
8797:"You think I'm brave? Meet my mates: Ben Roberts-Smith"
8717:
8297:
at the website on Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia
8273:
7156:
6601:. Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press. p.
6408:. New York: Random House Publishing Group. p. 46.
6018:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 6 September 2007
4413:
always killed the foremost man in a group of President
2986:
in combat was achieved by an undisclosed member of the
5714:
Out of nowhere : a history of the military sniper
5679:
Out of nowhere : a history of the military sniper
5556:
Out of nowhere : a history of the military sniper
9359:
Snipers at war: And equipment and operations, history
7510:"Snipers â Cowardly assassins, or surgical soldiers?"
7367:
5102:(Vietnam War) â 103 confirmed and 216 probable kills.
4952:
M/28 "Pystykorva" or "Spitz", variant of the Russian
4591:
sniper team in position, Kunduz Province, Afghanistan
4050:
3148:
on 7 October 1777 at a distance of about 400 yards.
8975:
Sniper: The Skills, the Weapons, and the Experiences
8755:
By Tissa Ravindra Perera. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
8690:"Marine Sniper Receives Bronze Star Medal for Valor"
7702:
6672:
4922:
sniper with at least 150 confirmed kills during the
4652:
were trained scouts. Specialized equipment includes
3520:, Finnish snipers took a heavy toll of the invading
3213:, which had shown some weaknesses during the recent
9308:"Hotshot sniper in one-and-a-half-mile double kill"
8648:
8646:
6361:
6317:
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research
4943:, nicknamed "White Death", was a sniper during the
4906:
sniper with a service record of 93 confirmed kills.
4492:
4169:
3377:During the First World War, the static movement of
8758:
7846:"Rebels share firepower as snipers menace Tripoli"
7409:
7339:
7310:
7110:
6960:Prichard, Hesketh Vernon Hesketh (19 April 1920).
6860:
6634:
6594:
5809:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5785:
5783:
5781:
5779:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5070:Ian Robertson served as a sniper with Australia's
4863:, but in the press he became more widely known as
3008:British sniper in training in Northumberland, 2010
2363:in the 15th century. Small companies of shooters (
2282:, which originated in the 1770s among soldiers in
49:French and British (center) snipers equipped with
8905:
8457:"Range complex named after famous Vietnam sniper"
7669:
7475:
7146:, Chapter 3: A Brief History of Military Snipers.
7080:
7003:
6136:Hotshot sniper in one-and-a-half mile double kill
5855:
5853:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5843:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5753:
9400:
9045:Out of Nowhere: A History of the Military Sniper
8643:
8455:Lance Cpl. George J. Papastrat (29 March 2007).
8425:
7676:Craig Roberts; Charles W. Sasser (1 July 2004).
7610:. New York: Penguin Group US. pp. 170â171.
7407:
6920:
6893:
6822:
6713:. North Carolina: UNC Press Books. p. 297.
6153:
6151:
3404:School of Sniping, Observation, and Scouting at
3297:The first British sniper unit began life as the
2871:specifically for performing these calculations.
2585:, assisting employed combat force with accurate
2461:, in common use since First World War. The term
2445:
2415:
9383:Sniping in France, by Major H. Hesketh-Prichard
9166:(2004 ed.). Helion & Company Limited.
8766:"U.S. military probes sniper threat in Baghdad"
8132:
8130:
8128:
8126:
7792:"U.S. military probes sniper threat in Baghdad"
7696:
7401:
7374:Gregory Mast; Hans Halberstadt (January 2007).
7181:Peter R. Senich: German Sniper 1914â45, Page 91
6872:
6739:
6737:
6368:Gregory Mast; Hans Halberstadt (January 2007).
5869:
5867:
5258:of SEAL Team Three, during four deployments to
5141:. This action was later dramatized in the film
3997:to reduce the need to re-zero during missions.
3290:rifle, while the Boers had received the latest
2963:
2874:
9161:
8606:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFChandler2010 (
8474:
7886:. ABC News Network. ABC News Internet Ventures
7013:Sniper : training, techniques and weapons
6947:
6816:
6810:"Lovat Scouts, Sharpshooters â United Kingdom"
6549:
6401:
6243:"L96 Sniper Rifle and L115A3 Long Range Rifle"
6039:"Remembering "The Shot Seen 'Round The World""
5840:
5750:
3094:by an unknown sniper, most likely from within
2920:A US Secret Service sniper on the roof of the
8997:
8567:United States Army Center of Military History
8563:"Medal of Honor recipients: Somalia Campaign"
8448:
8249:
8247:
8192:
8001:Jack Hinson's One-man War: A civil war sniper
7631:
7447:
7108:
6968:
6914:
6887:
6794:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPegler2006a (
6754:
6752:
6333:
6148:
6076:
5108:(Vietnam War) â achieved 109 confirmed kills.
2597:, selecting targets of opportunity, and even
2462:
2451:
2294:that was considered an extremely challenging
2164:
9286:Kill Shot: The Deadliest Snipers of All Time
8596:
8123:
8088:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
8035:
7991:
7709:. MBI Publishing Company. pp. 225â227.
7298:
6786:
6784:
6734:
6632:
6439:Through the Crosshairs: A History of Snipers
5990:"Gastonia Police Department â Sniper School"
5954:
5952:
5864:
5831:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5823:
5821:
4149:. Only the fraction of gravity equal to the
3591:were prepared before the war, equipped with
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2378:
2364:
2354:
2344:
153:(Leupold Mark IV x10), and additional optics
61:rifles (left to right, 2012) and camouflage
9183:
9162:Prichard, Hesketh; Vernon, Hesketh (2004).
8955:One Shot, One Kill: A History of the Sniper
8926:
8845:
8843:
8652:
8635:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDrury2010 (
8483:"Marine Corps Sniper Carlos N. Hathcock II"
8279:
7939:"Violence kills 29 across Syria: activists"
7723:
7607:Stalkers and Shooters: A History of Snipers
7594:
7250:
7167:sfn error: no target: CITEREFScherzer2007 (
7148:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSadowski2015 (
7009:
6442:. Da Capo Press, Incorporated. p. 47.
6435:
6160:"Super sniper kills Taliban 1.5 miles away"
5886:Freigegeben ab 12 Jahren (2 January 2008).
5590:
5588:
5586:
5584:
5186:longest recorded and confirmed sniper kills
4254:The targets may be personnel or high-value
2561:. Typical sniper missions include managing
8772:. Reuters. 29 October 2006. Archived from
8614:
8537:"Adelbert F. Waldron III â Sniper Central"
8244:
8175:
8173:
8154:
8152:
8092:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
7904:
7441:
6749:
6429:
6327:
6245:. Mod.uk. 20 February 2007. Archived from
5412:Canadian Special Operations Forces Command
4672:were specially trained as elite marksmen.
4660:. PAC Photo, by Ken Bell (September 1944).
4269:Some rifles, such as the Denel NTW-20 and
4115:It is important to note that angular mil (
2171:
2157:
43:
8820:
8794:
8625:
8585:
8480:
8060:
7757:
7755:
7102:
6781:
6706:
6305:
6016:"Police sniper watches from roof, Sydney"
5949:
5818:
5739:
5717:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 14.
5682:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 30.
5559:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 16.
4420:
4361:Historically, captured snipers are often
3313:, the British Army Chief of Scouts under
2724:Learn how and when to remove this message
2553:), and in the process, cause disruption,
2359:) that took place throughout the year in
2322:, first appearing by the 1820s. The term
9389:World War II German sniper training film
9138:The History of Sniping and Sharpshooting
8929:Sniper: training, techniques and weapons
8840:
8714:, 11:16 pm, Sunday, 15 January 2006
8602:
8219:
8200:Gallipoli Sniper: The life of Billy Sing
8100:
7997:
7843:
7738:. St. Martin's Press. pp. 245â247.
7162:
7143:
6959:
6495:
6395:
6340:. New York: HarperCollins. p. 513.
5581:
4890:
4875:
4635:
4611:Sniper activity was reported during the
4599:", had shot up to 37 American soldiers.
4583:
4506:
4328:
4324:
4173:
4062:
4054:
3804:
3749:
3670:
3638:
3543:
3469:
3387:
3352:
3258:
3205:, a prominent British engineer, it used
3003:
2973:
2934:
2915:
2878:
2735:
2508:
2500:
1130:List of military strategies and concepts
128:
105:
9132:
9103:
9071:
9023:
8971:
8170:
8149:
7971:
7783:
7761:
7729:
7600:
7316:
7304:
7290:"Take a bead: Army gets sniper schools"
6974:
6790:
6743:
6637:Civil War Battlefields: A Touring Guide
6463:
6055:
5960:"The Sniper, SWAT Teams Grow in Number"
5936:Fast Times in Tech | Blog by Hiren Shah
5925:
5923:
5813:
5745:
4763:(Peninsular War) â shot French General
3730:and Pattern 1914 Enfield; the Japanese
3163:", they were armed with the formidable
3032:machine gunners consecutively south of
2943:marksman uses an M107 from a helicopter
9401:
9338:Behind the mask: the IRA and Sinn FĂ©in
9332:
9283:
9235:
9209:
9184:Sakaida, Henry; Hook, Christa (2003).
9061:
9042:
8952:
8878:
8821:Nicholson, Brendan (24 January 2011).
8746:Army told no heavy weapons, not Prabha
8620:
8285:
8179:
7878:"International News | World News"
7816:
7789:
7752:
7637:
7216:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
6866:
6848:
6846:
6758:
6641:. Taylor Trade Publications. pp.
6157:
5907:
5859:
5835:
5710:
5675:
5552:
3129:had been on the battlefield that day.
9373:Female Soviet snipers of World War II
9305:
9261:
8881:"Sniper kills Qaeda-from 1œ mi. away"
8631:
8591:
8332:
7907:"Snipers are still a threat in Syria"
7764:"Insurgent snipers sent after troops"
7703:Pat Farey; Mark Spicer (1 May 2009).
7481:
6283:
6049:
6036:
5873:
4626:Notable military marksmen and snipers
4622:at least from pro-government forces.
4231:
4182:to remain hidden in grassland terrain
4158:the target, called "holding over" or
3714:Common sniper rifles used during the
3247:, where on 9 May 1864, Union General
3168:spearheaded an amphibious landing at
2456:
9186:Heroines of the Soviet Union 1941-45
9047:(2006 ed.). Osprey Publishing.
8849:
8795:Nicholson, Brendan (23 April 2011).
8337:. New York: Continuum. p. 159.
8202:. Sydney: Pan Macmillan Australia. (
7533:
7507:
7125:from the original on 11 January 2022
6592:
6108:
5929:
5920:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5665:
5663:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5311:along frequently used supply routes.
5180:Long Range Rifle rifle chambered in
3305:(1899â1902). The unit was formed by
2744:Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT)
2706:adding citations to reliable sources
2677:
2521:
2403:marksmen equipped with the imported
8908:"Sniper Tactics: Going for the Gun"
8906:Bartlett, Derrick (12 April 2005).
8823:"Battlefield mateship worthy of VC"
7998:McKenney, Tom (23 September 2010).
7572:"K-9 History: Vietnam, 1960 â 1975"
7448:Martin Pegler (20 September 2011).
7317:Pardini, SĂšverine (2 August 2007).
6843:
6829:. Leo Cooper. pp. Chapter XI.
6707:Gallagher, Gary (1 February 2010).
6082:
5264:United States Department of Defense
5059:was a New Zealand recipient of the
4898:, nicknamed "White Feather" by the
3309:and reported to an American, Major
3235:was able to sell the weapon to the
3058:
2778:Table of Organization and Equipment
2605:in the larger calibers such as the
13:
8865:
8712:U.S. Army sniper nails record shot
8388:
8004:. Pelican Publishing. p. 79.
7408:Hans Halberstadt (18 March 2008).
7343:Sniper: SAS and Elite Forces Guide
7088:"The Sniper Log BookâWorld War II"
6927:. Leo Cooper. pp. Chapter 2.
6900:. Leo Cooper. pp. Chapter 5.
6878:
6679:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 36.
6673:John F. Cummings III (June 2011).
6502:. Simon and Schuster. p. 54.
6471:"1800 The Forming of the Regiment"
6402:Alexander Rose (21 October 2008).
5004:. Both are fictionalized accounts.
4813:Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
4051:Targeting, tactics, and techniques
3254:
3245:Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
2890:) sniper shooting with suppressed
2526:Different countries use different
14:
9450:
9366:
9264:With British Snipers to the Reich
9238:The Complete Book of U.S. Sniping
9066:(1924 ed.). T. F. Unwin ltd.
8136:
8109:New York Times (London Chronicle)
7945:. 30 January 2012. Archived from
7534:Bray, Hiawatha (4 October 2005).
7482:Duffy, Michael (22 August 2009).
7454:. Osprey Publishing. p. 21.
6323:(18): 213. OctoberâDecember 1925.
6293:. accurateshooter.com. 3 May 2010
5966:. 25 January 2001. Archived from
5930:Shah, Hiren (12 September 2016).
5660:
5537:
4835:religious leader, in his cave in
4668:were available, soldiers such as
4200:
4067:Aerial platform shooting training
3788:can be used instead. Sometimes a
3117:On 11 September 1777, during the
2643:
2599:destruction of military equipment
2474:
2432:. Other words for sniper include
9361:(US Naval Institute Press, 2017)
9288:(2011 ed.). Ulysses Press.
8814:
8788:
8739:
8704:
8682:
8555:
8529:
8504:
8419:
8401:
8382:
8373:
8351:
8326:
8300:
8213:
8070:; Peter O. Lamb; illustrated by
7844:Laessing, Ulf (24 August 2011).
7821:. Pensito Review. Archived from
7790:Holmes, Paul (29 October 2006).
7508:Page, Lewis (28 November 2008).
7234:. Shotgun.com.ua. Archived from
6334:Robert Leckie (24 August 2010).
4493:Irregular and asymmetric warfare
4299:
4170:Hide sites and hiding techniques
4123:and different organizations use
4119:) is only an approximation of a
4071:
4022:(FACs) to direct air strikes or
4012:
3539:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
3155:and Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon.
2843:or physical indicators like the
2682:
184:
9266:(1988 ed.). Desert Pubns.
8569:. 3 August 2009. Archived from
8180:Serena, Katie (27 March 2018).
8018:
7977:
7931:
7898:
7870:
7837:
7817:Ponder, Jon (25 October 2006).
7810:
7706:Sniping: An Illustrated History
7643:
7564:
7548:
7527:
7333:
7282:
7224:
7184:
7175:
7109:Rayment, Sean (30 April 2006).
7062:
7038:
6953:
6921:Hesketh-Prichard, H.V. (1994).
6894:Hesketh-Prichard, H.V. (1994).
6823:Hesketh-Prichard, H.V. (1994).
6802:
6700:
6666:
6626:
6586:
6577:
6543:
6534:
6516:
6489:
6473:. Green Jackets. Archived from
6271:. Wunderground.com. 21 May 2011
6261:
6235:
6217:
6191:
6128:
6102:
6083:Luo, Lance (19 November 2023).
6030:
6008:
5982:
5908:Valdes, Robert (11 June 2004).
5901:
5879:
5374:for his actions in 2006 during
5151:
4871:
4739:
4700:
4675:
4033:
3465:
3422:to train observational skills.
2831:, the spotter will predict the
2693:needs additional citations for
2673:
2627:- and Russian-derived military
2601:, which tend to require use of
2565:information they gather during
7762:Diamond, John (27 July 2006).
7416:. St. Martin's Press. p.
7380:. Zenith Imprint. p. 22.
6633:David Eicher (14 March 2005).
6374:. Zenith Imprint. p. 18.
6227:. 29 June 2009. Archived from
6201:. 29 June 2009. Archived from
6037:Owens, Bob (3 February 2015).
5704:
5643:
5613:
5511:
5276:post traumatic stress disorder
4992:; he is portrayed in the film
4606:
4569:
3816:rifle resting on three-legged
3499:first campaign of World War II
3348:
3161:Experimental Corps of Riflemen
2646:consisting of a shooter and a
1:
9306:Smith, Michael (2 May 2010).
8850:Fife, Robert (21 June 2017).
6134:Smith, Michael (2 May 2010) "
6109:Fife, Robert (21 June 2017).
5505:
5490:South Armagh Sniper (1990â97)
5465:Longest recorded sniper kills
5133:snipers who were awarded the
4847:(1896). Burnham started as a
4531:(Lee Harvey Oswald), and the
4529:John F. Kennedy assassination
4409:, the revolutionaries led by
4290:
4026:(FOs) to direct artillery or
2984:longest confirmed sniper kill
2970:Longest recorded sniper kills
2740:A U.S. Army sniper team from
20:For the type of firearm, see
9212:The German sniper, 1914-1945
8879:Alpert, Lukas (2 May 2010).
8107:"England's American Scout".
8078:. Brewer, Warren and Putnam.
7682:. Pocket Books. p. 47.
6854:"Trench Loopholes, Le Linge"
6496:Edgerton, Robert B. (2010).
5932:"The Sniper and the Spotter"
5368:Special Air Service Regiment
3664:, most fighting occurred in
3175:
3075:
2964:Longest recorded sniper kill
2875:Law enforcement applications
2269:
7:
9340:(1997 ed.). TV Books.
8927:Brookesmith, Peter (2007).
8228:University of Toronto Press
8198:Hamilton, J. C. M. (2008):
7340:Martin J Dougherty (2012).
7010:Brookesmith, Peter (2006).
6436:Andy Dougan (1 June 2006).
6405:American Rifle: A Biography
6158:Arnold, Adam (3 May 2010).
5910:"How Military Snipers Work"
5600:Online Etymology Dictionary
5485:Snipers of the Soviet Union
5443:
5433:Popular Mobilization Forces
5387:in Afghanistan. During the
4713:) â killed British General
4536:a rifle at another person.
3800:
3765:and concealment, stalking,
3745:
3726:and Gewehr 43; the British
3647:, Holland, 14 February 1945
3336:Scouting on Two Continents,
2992:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2988:Security Service of Ukraine
2481:Snipers of the Soviet Union
2211:. They often also serve as
1628:Militaryâindustrial complex
1102:Operational manoeuvre group
10:
9455:
8869:
6948:Prichard & Vernon 2004
6528:American Civil War Stories
6056:Scanlon, James J. (2010).
5292:.50 BMG rifle loaded with
4904:United States Marine Corps
4851:and Indian tracker in the
4831:â assassinated Mlimo, the
4729:American Revolutionary War
4711:American Revolutionary War
4648:. Canadian snipers in the
4629:
4573:
4513:Georgian-Ossetian conflict
4496:
4424:
4235:
3656:. During the campaigns in
3446:SMLE Mk III, the Canadian
3086:For instance, in the 1752
3063:Before the development of
3051:The calculation assumes a
2967:
2517:sniper using a Barrett M82
2478:
55:Accuracy International AWM
18:
9236:Senich, Peter R. (1988).
9210:Senich, Peter R. (1982).
8727:. snipercentral.com. 2010
8426:ĐĐČĐłĐ”ĐœĐžĐč ĐĐČŃŃĐœĐșĐžĐœ (2010).
8413:The Sydney Morning Herald
7794:. Reuters. Archived from
7263:. ATK.com. Archived from
5523:Shooting Range Industries
5314:U.S. Army Staff Sergeant
5268:Second Battle of Fallujah
5172:machine gunners south of
4843:, effectively ending the
4829:Frederick Russell Burnham
4566:low risk of retaliation.
4511:A Georgian sniper in the
3511:non-commissioned officers
3311:Frederick Russell Burnham
3264:Frederick Russell Burnham
2818:designated marksman rifle
2387:on one side and a target
2286:in reference to shooting
1692:Loss-of-strength gradient
544:Combat information center
87:
74:
69:
42:
9316:. London. Archived from
9284:Strong, Charles (2011).
8972:Gilbert, Adrian (1996).
8429:ĐĐŸĐłĐŽĐ° Đ ĐŸĐŽĐžĐœĐ° ĐČ ĐŸĐżĐ°ŃĐœĐŸŃŃĐž
8428:
8312:rarehistoricalphotos.com
8220:Brownlie, Robin (2003).
7974:, pp. 39â45, 53â55.
7730:Gilbert, Adrian (1996).
7484:"Encyclopedia â Snipers"
7074:www.americanrifleman.org
7070:"Doughboy Sniper Rifles"
6975:Gilbert, Adrian (1996).
6593:Rhea, Gordon C. (1997).
5168:successfully killed two
5126:Operation Gothic Serpent
5037:Second Sino-Japanese War
4865:England's American Scout
4815:probably with a British
4761:Rifleman Thomas Plunkett
4339:M24 Sniper Weapon System
4125:different approximations
3709:M1903 Springfield rifles
3610:bullet drop compensation
3578:and the subsequent film
3572:, featured in the novel
3458:, and the Russian M1891
3398:Hesketh Hesketh-Prichard
3331:Hesketh Hesketh-Prichard
3144:shot and killed General
2010:Military science fiction
1495:Technology and equipment
911:List of military tactics
9043:Pegler, Martin (2006).
9024:Neville, Leigh (2016).
8980:St. Martin's Paperbacks
8280:Sakaida & Hook 2003
7377:To Be a Military Sniper
6550:Pegler, Martin (2011).
6371:To Be a Military Sniper
6144:(subscription required)
5711:Pegler, Martin (2004).
5676:Pegler, Martin (2004).
5621:"Sniper â Army.ca Wiki"
5553:Pegler, Martin (2004).
5389:Shah Wali Kot Offensive
5278:. Subject of the movie
5051:sniper magnifying scope
4939:Finnish Lance Corporal
4861:He-who-sees-in-the-dark
4646:The Calgary Highlanders
4132:Bullet Drop Compensator
4020:forward air controllers
3675:Canadian Sniper during
3233:Whitworth Rifle Company
3151:In early 1800, Colonel
3146:Simon Fraser of Balnain
3038:L115A3 Long Range Rifle
2899:Law enforcement snipers
2409:Whitworth Sharpshooters
2207:and high-magnification
2078:Wartime sexual violence
1834:Full-spectrum dominance
1645:Supply-chain management
29:Sniper (disambiguation)
16:Highly trained marksman
8710:The Washington Times,
8516:www.chuckmawhinney.com
8186:All That's Interesting
7649:Jackson, Mike (2006).
4964:Vasilij Kvachantiradze
4907:
4888:
4684:, who represented the
4661:
4592:
4533:Beltway sniper attacks
4521:Austin sniper incident
4516:
4427:Counter-sniper tactics
4421:Counter-sniper tactics
4380:
4342:
4311:clandestine operations
4285:.408 Cheyenne Tactical
4183:
4068:
4060:
3972:.408 Cheyenne Tactical
3904:.300 Winchester Magnum
3820:
3812:sniper displaying his
3758:
3679:
3648:
3557:
3479:
3393:
3362:
3267:
3115:
3009:
2979:
2952:impossible due to the
2944:
2924:
2895:
2888:counter-terrorism unit
2794:atmospheric conditions
2757:United States military
2745:
2591:counter-sniper tactics
2559:demoralizing the enemy
2518:
2506:
2493:Special reconnaissance
2463:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2379:
2365:
2355:
2345:
2315:. This evolved to the
2252:special reconnaissance
1990:Awards and decorations
1963:Peace through strength
1938:Low-intensity conflict
1572:Conscientious objector
1445:Area of responsibility
154:
126:
99:special reconnaissance
9357:Walter, John. (2017)
9134:Plaster, Maj. John L.
9105:Plaster, Maj. John L.
9073:Plaster, Maj. John L.
9062:Parker, Eric (1924).
9028:. Osprey Publishing.
8953:Dougan, Andy (2016).
8725:"The Sniper Log Book"
8391:"Hulme, Alfred Clive"
8335:The human face of war
6710:Spotsylvania Campaign
6556:. Osprey Publishing.
5460:List of sniper rifles
5115:and Sgt. First Class
5029:Chiang Kai-Shek rifle
4960:Mikhail Ilyich Surkov
4900:North Vietnamese Army
4894:
4879:
4639:
4630:Further information:
4587:
4510:
4466:-operated munitions,
4438:battle dress uniforms
4403:26th of July Movement
4375:
4335:Special Reaction Team
4332:
4325:Psychological warfare
4177:
4066:
4058:
3892:7 mm Remington Magnum
3808:
3753:
3674:
3642:
3547:
3473:
3391:
3356:
3262:
3111:
3096:Clan Stewart of Appin
3007:
2977:
2938:
2919:
2911:close quarters combat
2882:
2739:
2530:regarding snipers in
2512:
2504:
2351:shooting competitions
2205:high-precision rifles
577:Torpedo data computer
567:Ship gun fire-control
132:
119:MosinâNagant M1891/30
109:
95:high-precision rifles
9007:Service Publications
8751:15 June 2009 at the
8654:Friscolanti, Michael
7657:3 March 2016 at the
7058:on 30 November 2011.
5651:Edinburgh Advertiser
5403:along supply routes.
5010:Gefreiter (Private)
4990:Battle of Stalingrad
4975:Lyudmila Pavlichenko
4930:Francis Pegahmagabow
4733:Battle of Brandywine
4315:infiltration tactics
3722:; the German Mauser
3643:A British sniper in
3562:Battle of Stalingrad
3476:Lyudmila Pavlichenko
3454:, the Italian M1891
3440:Pattern 1914 Enfield
3211:Pattern 1853 Enfield
3182:Edinburgh Advertiser
3119:Battle of Brandywine
2702:improve this article
2660:close quarter combat
2603:anti-materiel rifles
2458:[tÊekËkiËno]
2377:would form teams of
2278:comes from the verb
2108:Military occupations
1943:Military engineering
1845:Unrestricted Warfare
1702:Force multiplication
595:Military manoeuvrers
137:which consists of a
123:Battle of Stalingrad
27:For other uses, see
9353:- Total pages: 431
9301:- Total pages: 192
9279:- Total pages: 351
9257:- Total pages: 280
9231:- Total pages: 445
9179:- Total pages: 143
9157:- Total pages: 704
9128:- Total pages: 584
9099:- Total pages: 453
9078:The Ultimate Sniper
8957:. William Collins.
8948:- Total pages: 192
8658:"We were abandoned"
8573:on 22 December 2012
8489:on 4 September 2012
8459:. Marine Corps News
8361:. Militaryfocus.com
8333:Storr, Jim (2009).
7486:. firstworldwar.com
7198:on 19 February 2012
7118:The Daily Telegraph
7090:. Snipercentral.com
6676:Spotsylvania County
5437:Abu Tahsin al-Salhi
5406:During May 2017 in
5139:Battle of Mogadishu
5012:MatthÀus Hetzenauer
4845:Second Matabele War
4719:Battles of Saratoga
4717:during the pivotal
4556:South Armagh sniper
4384:American Revolution
4249:rules of engagement
4245:crew-served weapons
4178:A sniper wearing a
3827:
3736:M1903A4 Springfield
3604:Zielvier 4x (ZF39)
3534:MatthÀus Hetzenauer
3501:. During Germany's
3134:Battles of Saratoga
3100:Highland Clearances
2954:German constitution
2939:A U.S. Coast Guard
2833:external ballistics
2489:Designated marksman
1794:Penal military unit
1779:Rules of engagement
1455:Command and control
1075:Operations research
539:Director (military)
529:Fire-control system
279:Command and control
160:Part of a series on
39:
9419:Combat occupations
9262:Shore, C. (1988).
9205:- Total pages: 64
8933:St. Martin's Press
8856:The Globe and Mail
8481:Sgt. Grit (2006).
8314:. 26 December 2013
8255:"top WWII snipers"
8166:. 10 January 2020.
8045:The New York Times
7949:on 25 January 2013
7919:on 31 January 2012
7825:on 16 October 2015
7732:"The Sniper Today"
7582:on 14 January 2018
7292:Rossiiskaya gazeta
6869:, pp. 211â212
6225:"Lapua: Downloads"
6115:The Globe and Mail
6064:on 6 December 2003
5970:on 4 November 2012
5415:Joint Task Force 2
5372:Medal of Gallantry
5366:of the Australian
5334:Operation Anaconda
5316:Timothy L. Kellner
5234:Operation Anaconda
5228:, formerly of the
5204:Operation Anaconda
5198:, formerly of the
5022:Helmut Wirnsberger
4995:Enemy at the Gates
4980:Junior Lieutenant
4924:Gallipoli Campaign
4908:
4889:
4798:American Civil War
4780:American Civil War
4662:
4593:
4517:
4503:Asymmetric warfare
4388:Battle of Saratoga
4363:summarily executed
4343:
4238:Target acquisition
4232:Target acquisition
4184:
4089:Laser rangefinders
4069:
4061:
3823:
3821:
3759:
3680:
3649:
3581:Enemy at the Gates
3558:
3541:on 17 April 1945.
3480:
3394:
3363:
3268:
3239:, and also to the
3121:, British Captain
3053:flat-fire scenario
3012:In November 2009,
3010:
2980:
2945:
2925:
2896:
2783:United States Army
2751:are classified as
2746:
2571:target acquisition
2528:military doctrines
2519:
2507:
2407:were known as the
2397:American Civil War
2311:was simplified to
2264:target acquisition
1903:Counter-insurgency
1824:Command of the sea
1769:Jewish laws on war
1744:Geneva Conventions
1280:Divide and conquer
1070:Military operation
1035:Tactical objective
534:Fire-control radar
511:Electronic-warfare
155:
127:
113:, left, and other
37:
9354:
9347:978-1-57500-061-9
9302:
9295:978-1-56975-862-5
9280:
9273:978-0-87947-122-4
9258:
9251:978-0-87364-460-0
9240:(1988 ed.).
9232:
9225:978-0-87364-223-1
9214:(1982 ed.).
9206:
9199:978-1-84176-598-3
9190:Osprey Publishing
9188:(2003 ed.).
9180:
9173:978-1-874622-47-5
9158:
9151:978-1-58160-632-4
9140:(2007 ed.).
9129:
9122:978-1-58160-494-8
9111:(2006 ed.).
9100:
9093:978-0-87364-704-5
9082:(1993 ed.).
9054:978-1-84603-140-3
9035:978-1-4728-1534-7
8989:978-0-312-95766-7
8978:(1996 ed.).
8964:978-0-00-818940-2
8949:
8942:978-0-312-36290-4
8931:(2007 ed.).
8670:on 21 August 2010
8543:. 10 October 2014
8512:"Chuck Mawhinney"
8409:"A sniper's tale"
8261:on 1 January 2016
8237:978-0-19-541784-5
8208:978-1-4050-3865-2
8072:Lord Baden-Powell
8011:978-1-4556-0646-7
7858:on 24 August 2011
7745:978-0-312-95766-7
7716:978-0-7603-3717-2
7689:978-1-4165-0362-0
7666:, Army Code 71842
7617:978-1-4406-2890-0
7576:www.k9history.com
7461:978-1-84908-875-6
7427:978-0-312-35472-5
7387:978-0-7603-3002-9
7270:on 24 August 2007
6950:, pp. 10, 19
6924:Sniping in France
6897:Sniping in France
6826:Sniping in France
6720:978-0-8078-9837-6
6686:978-0-7385-8246-7
6652:978-1-58979-181-7
6612:978-0-8071-2136-8
6524:"Whitworth Rifle"
6449:978-0-7867-1773-6
6415:978-0-440-33809-3
6381:978-0-7603-3002-9
6347:978-0-06-201536-5
5385:Operation Slipper
5358:Ben Roberts-Smith
5349:Iraqi insurgent "
5184:. These were the
5182:.338 Lapua Magnum
5166:Household Cavalry
5094:heavy machine gun
4853:American Old West
4804:with iron sights.
4690:English Civil War
4499:Irregular warfare
4319:guerrilla warfare
4226:medulla oblongata
4040:military district
4024:forward observers
3982:
3981:
3916:.338 Lapua Magnum
3826:
3728:LeeâEnfield No. 4
3654:Normandy Invasion
3548:German sniper in
3488:Spanish Civil War
3452:M1903 Springfield
3428:Sniping in France
3278:rifled guns with
3207:polygonal rifling
3138:Morgan's Riflemen
3127:George Washington
3018:Corporal of Horse
2806:perimeter defense
2798:close air support
2734:
2733:
2726:
2522:Military doctrine
2447:atirador de escol
2228:special operation
2181:
2180:
2073:Horses in warfare
2020:Anti-war movement
1923:Gunboat diplomacy
1913:Disaster response
1861:Philosophy of war
1856:Principles of war
1829:Deterrence theory
1774:Right of conquest
1697:Lanchester's laws
1465:Principles of war
1155:Counter-offensive
1135:Military campaign
1040:Target saturation
963:Counterinsurgency
572:Gun data computer
506:Close air support
468:Aircraft carriers
147:.338 Lapua Magnum
104:
103:
9446:
9439:Weapon operation
9414:Military snipers
9390:
9352:
9351:
9329:
9327:
9325:
9313:The Sunday Times
9300:
9299:
9278:
9277:
9256:
9255:
9230:
9229:
9204:
9203:
9178:
9177:
9156:
9155:
9127:
9126:
9098:
9097:
9067:
9058:
9039:
9020:
8993:
8968:
8947:
8946:
8923:
8921:
8919:
8910:. Archived from
8902:
8900:
8898:
8889:. Archived from
8860:
8859:
8847:
8838:
8837:
8835:
8833:
8818:
8812:
8811:
8809:
8807:
8792:
8786:
8785:
8783:
8781:
8776:on 13 March 2009
8762:
8756:
8743:
8737:
8736:
8734:
8732:
8721:
8715:
8708:
8702:
8701:
8699:
8697:
8686:
8680:
8679:
8677:
8675:
8666:. Archived from
8650:
8641:
8640:
8629:
8623:
8618:
8612:
8611:
8600:
8594:
8589:
8583:
8582:
8580:
8578:
8559:
8553:
8552:
8550:
8548:
8533:
8527:
8526:
8524:
8522:
8508:
8502:
8501:
8496:
8494:
8485:. Archived from
8478:
8472:
8471:
8466:
8464:
8452:
8446:
8445:
8443:
8441:
8436:on 17 April 2013
8423:
8417:
8416:
8415:. 26 April 2004.
8405:
8399:
8398:
8386:
8380:
8377:
8371:
8370:
8368:
8366:
8355:
8349:
8348:
8330:
8324:
8323:
8321:
8319:
8304:
8298:
8293:
8289:
8283:
8282:, pp. 31â32
8277:
8271:
8270:
8268:
8266:
8257:. Archived from
8251:
8242:
8241:
8217:
8211:
8196:
8190:
8189:
8177:
8168:
8167:
8156:
8147:
8146:
8143:Business Insider
8137:Valle, Orvelin.
8134:
8121:
8120:
8104:
8098:
8097:
8087:
8079:
8064:
8058:
8057:
8048:. 25 June 1896.
8039:
8033:
8022:
8016:
8015:
7995:
7989:
7981:
7975:
7969:
7963:
7962:
7956:
7954:
7935:
7929:
7928:
7926:
7924:
7915:. Archived from
7905:Electron Libre.
7902:
7896:
7895:
7893:
7891:
7874:
7868:
7867:
7865:
7863:
7854:. Archived from
7841:
7835:
7834:
7832:
7830:
7814:
7808:
7807:
7805:
7803:
7798:on 13 March 2009
7787:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7776:
7759:
7750:
7749:
7727:
7721:
7720:
7700:
7694:
7693:
7673:
7667:
7647:
7641:
7635:
7629:
7628:
7626:
7624:
7598:
7592:
7591:
7589:
7587:
7578:. Archived from
7568:
7562:
7552:
7546:
7545:
7541:The Boston Globe
7531:
7525:
7524:
7522:
7520:
7505:
7496:
7495:
7493:
7491:
7479:
7473:
7472:
7470:
7468:
7445:
7439:
7438:
7436:
7434:
7415:
7405:
7399:
7398:
7396:
7394:
7371:
7365:
7364:
7362:
7360:
7337:
7331:
7330:
7328:
7326:
7321:. laprovence.com
7314:
7308:
7302:
7296:
7294:19 October 2011.
7286:
7280:
7279:
7277:
7275:
7269:
7262:
7254:
7248:
7247:
7245:
7243:
7238:on 24 March 2012
7228:
7222:
7221:
7215:
7207:
7205:
7203:
7194:. Archived from
7188:
7182:
7179:
7173:
7172:
7160:
7154:
7153:
7141:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7130:
7114:
7106:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7095:
7084:
7078:
7077:
7066:
7060:
7059:
7057:
7051:. Archived from
7050:
7042:
7036:
7035:
7007:
7001:
7000:
6972:
6966:
6965:
6957:
6951:
6945:
6939:
6938:
6918:
6912:
6911:
6891:
6885:
6884:
6881:Hesketh Prichard
6876:
6870:
6864:
6858:
6857:
6856:. 16 March 2014.
6850:
6841:
6840:
6820:
6814:
6813:
6812:. 20 March 2020.
6806:
6800:
6799:
6788:
6779:
6778:
6756:
6747:
6741:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6727:
6704:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6693:
6670:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6659:
6640:
6630:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6619:
6600:
6590:
6584:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6570:
6547:
6541:
6538:
6532:
6531:
6520:
6514:
6513:
6493:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6482:
6467:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6456:
6433:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6422:
6399:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6388:
6365:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6354:
6331:
6325:
6324:
6309:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6298:
6287:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6265:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6239:
6233:
6232:
6231:on 29 June 2009.
6221:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6195:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6181:
6172:. Archived from
6155:
6146:
6145:
6140:The Sunday Times
6132:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6106:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6095:
6080:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6069:
6060:. Archived from
6053:
6047:
6046:
6034:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6023:
6012:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6001:
5992:. Archived from
5986:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5975:
5956:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5927:
5918:
5917:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5897:: 4020974153959.
5883:
5877:
5871:
5862:
5857:
5838:
5833:
5816:
5811:
5748:
5743:
5737:
5736:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5673:
5658:
5647:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5627:. Archived from
5617:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5592:
5579:
5578:
5550:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5515:
5500:Sniper equipment
5470:Operation Foxley
5450:JĂ€ger (infantry)
5417:sniper, using a
5370:was awarded the
5106:Adelbert Waldron
5084:Gunnery Sergeant
4998:and in the book
4932:(World War I) â
4725:Patrick Ferguson
4686:Parliamentarians
4650:Second World War
4541:Northern Ireland
4407:Cuban Revolution
4367:Biscari Massacre
4160:Kentucky windage
3828:
3824:
3822:
3716:Second World War
3687:provided by the
3606:telescopic sight
3371:Imperial Germany
3284:smokeless powder
3203:Joseph Whitworth
3201:designed by Sir
3153:Coote Manningham
3123:Patrick Ferguson
3067:, firearms were
3059:Military history
3042:drag coefficient
3022:Blues and Royals
2729:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2709:
2686:
2678:
2593:, killing enemy
2534:, settings, and
2466:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2405:Whitworth rifles
2382:
2368:
2366:SchĂŒtzenfĂ€hnlein
2358:
2348:
2173:
2166:
2159:
1928:Humanitarian aid
1866:Security dilemma
1687:Power projection
1470:Economy of force
1450:Chain of command
1165:Defence in depth
1150:Commerce raiding
968:Defeat in detail
284:Defense ministry
188:
179:
178:
169:
157:
156:
151:telescopic sight
133:A modern sniper
125:in December 1942
89:Activity sectors
47:
40:
36:
32:
25:
9454:
9453:
9449:
9448:
9447:
9445:
9444:
9443:
9399:
9398:
9388:
9378:Snipers of WWII
9369:
9364:
9348:
9323:
9321:
9296:
9274:
9252:
9226:
9200:
9174:
9152:
9123:
9094:
9055:
9036:
9017:
8990:
8965:
8943:
8917:
8915:
8914:on 16 June 2019
8896:
8894:
8874:
8868:
8866:Further reading
8863:
8848:
8841:
8831:
8829:
8819:
8815:
8805:
8803:
8793:
8789:
8779:
8777:
8764:
8763:
8759:
8753:Wayback Machine
8744:
8740:
8730:
8728:
8723:
8722:
8718:
8709:
8705:
8695:
8693:
8688:
8687:
8683:
8673:
8671:
8656:(15 May 2006).
8651:
8644:
8634:
8630:
8626:
8619:
8615:
8605:
8601:
8597:
8590:
8586:
8576:
8574:
8561:
8560:
8556:
8546:
8544:
8535:
8534:
8530:
8520:
8518:
8510:
8509:
8505:
8492:
8490:
8479:
8475:
8462:
8460:
8453:
8449:
8439:
8437:
8430:
8424:
8420:
8407:
8406:
8402:
8387:
8383:
8378:
8374:
8364:
8362:
8357:
8356:
8352:
8345:
8331:
8327:
8317:
8315:
8306:
8305:
8301:
8291:
8290:
8286:
8278:
8274:
8264:
8262:
8253:
8252:
8245:
8238:
8218:
8214:
8197:
8193:
8178:
8171:
8158:
8157:
8150:
8135:
8124:
8106:
8105:
8101:
8081:
8080:
8065:
8061:
8041:
8040:
8036:
8023:
8019:
8012:
7996:
7992:
7983:Stuart Hadaway
7982:
7978:
7970:
7966:
7952:
7950:
7937:
7936:
7932:
7922:
7920:
7903:
7899:
7889:
7887:
7876:
7875:
7871:
7861:
7859:
7842:
7838:
7828:
7826:
7815:
7811:
7801:
7799:
7788:
7784:
7774:
7772:
7760:
7753:
7746:
7728:
7724:
7717:
7701:
7697:
7690:
7674:
7670:
7659:Wayback Machine
7648:
7644:
7636:
7632:
7622:
7620:
7618:
7604:(3 July 2007).
7599:
7595:
7585:
7583:
7570:
7569:
7565:
7553:
7549:
7532:
7528:
7518:
7516:
7506:
7499:
7489:
7487:
7480:
7476:
7466:
7464:
7462:
7446:
7442:
7432:
7430:
7428:
7406:
7402:
7392:
7390:
7388:
7372:
7368:
7358:
7356:
7354:
7346:. Amber Books.
7338:
7334:
7324:
7322:
7315:
7311:
7303:
7299:
7288:Gavrilov, Yuri
7287:
7283:
7273:
7271:
7267:
7260:
7256:
7255:
7251:
7241:
7239:
7230:
7229:
7225:
7209:
7208:
7201:
7199:
7192:"Archived copy"
7190:
7189:
7185:
7180:
7176:
7166:
7161:
7157:
7147:
7142:
7138:
7128:
7126:
7112:"The long view"
7107:
7103:
7093:
7091:
7086:
7085:
7081:
7068:
7067:
7063:
7055:
7048:
7044:
7043:
7039:
7024:
7008:
7004:
6989:
6973:
6969:
6958:
6954:
6946:
6942:
6935:
6919:
6915:
6908:
6892:
6888:
6877:
6873:
6865:
6861:
6852:
6851:
6844:
6837:
6821:
6817:
6808:
6807:
6803:
6793:
6789:
6782:
6762:Guns & Ammo
6757:
6750:
6742:
6735:
6725:
6723:
6721:
6705:
6701:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6671:
6667:
6657:
6655:
6653:
6631:
6627:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6591:
6587:
6582:
6578:
6568:
6566:
6564:
6548:
6544:
6539:
6535:
6522:
6521:
6517:
6510:
6494:
6490:
6480:
6478:
6477:on 9 April 2016
6469:
6468:
6464:
6454:
6452:
6450:
6434:
6430:
6420:
6418:
6416:
6400:
6396:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6366:
6362:
6352:
6350:
6348:
6332:
6328:
6311:
6310:
6306:
6296:
6294:
6289:
6288:
6284:
6274:
6272:
6267:
6266:
6262:
6252:
6250:
6241:
6240:
6236:
6223:
6222:
6218:
6208:
6206:
6205:on 29 June 2009
6197:
6196:
6192:
6179:
6177:
6156:
6149:
6143:
6133:
6129:
6119:
6117:
6107:
6103:
6093:
6091:
6081:
6077:
6067:
6065:
6054:
6050:
6043:bearingarms.com
6035:
6031:
6021:
6019:
6014:
6013:
6009:
5999:
5997:
5996:on 22 July 2012
5988:
5987:
5983:
5973:
5971:
5958:
5957:
5950:
5940:
5938:
5928:
5921:
5906:
5902:
5885:
5884:
5880:
5872:
5865:
5858:
5841:
5834:
5819:
5812:
5751:
5744:
5740:
5725:
5709:
5705:
5690:
5674:
5661:
5648:
5644:
5634:
5632:
5619:
5618:
5614:
5604:
5602:
5594:
5593:
5582:
5567:
5551:
5538:
5528:
5526:
5517:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5472:â plan to kill
5455:List of snipers
5446:
5419:McMillan Tac-50
5376:Operation Perth
5340:Sri Lankan Army
5330:Graham Ragsdale
5327:Master Corporal
5322:and 3 in Haiti.
5281:American Sniper
5246:McMillan TAC-50
5244:(12.7 mm)
5216:McMillan TAC-50
5214:(12.7 mm)
5193:Master Corporal
5154:
5144:Black Hawk Down
5100:Chuck Mawhinney
5087:Carlos Hathcock
5065:Battle of Crete
5001:War of the Rats
4970:had around 500.
4934:Native Canadian
4896:Carlos Hathcock
4885:military sniper
4874:
4857:Second Boer War
4746:Napoleonic Wars
4742:
4703:
4678:
4634:
4632:List of snipers
4628:
4609:
4578:
4572:
4525:Charles Whitman
4505:
4497:Main articles:
4495:
4429:
4423:
4392:Benedict Arnold
4327:
4302:
4293:
4260:radio operators
4240:
4234:
4203:
4172:
4074:
4053:
4036:
4015:
4007:shooting sticks
3978:
3966:
3953:
3940:
3930:
3922:
3910:
3898:
3886:
3874:
3867:.308 Winchester
3864:
3856:
3846:
3837:
3836:effective range
3835:
3818:shooting sticks
3803:
3780:supporting the
3748:
3734:; the American
3700:Empire of Japan
3634:anti-tank rifle
3625:assault rifle.
3575:War of the Rats
3478:on a 1943 stamp
3468:
3450:, the American
3351:
3303:Second Boer War
3257:
3255:Second Boer War
3222:Chance Brothers
3178:
3157:William Stewart
3078:
3061:
3047:
2972:
2966:
2949:Munich massacre
2877:
2869:tablet computer
2861:ballistic table
2730:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2699:
2687:
2676:
2615:McMillan Tac-50
2575:impact feedback
2524:
2499:
2479:Main articles:
2477:
2343:of German word
2339:comes from the
2333:The older term
2328:First World War
2272:
2222:In addition to
2177:
2148:
2147:
2098:
2088:
2087:
2053:
2045:
2044:
1985:
1975:
1974:
1948:Multilateralism
1933:Law enforcement
1893:
1883:
1882:
1851:Just war theory
1809:
1799:
1798:
1749:Geneva Protocol
1719:
1709:
1708:
1682:
1672:
1671:
1613:
1603:
1602:
1510:
1500:
1499:
1440:
1430:
1429:
1395:
1385:
1384:
1315:Network-centric
1235:
1225:
1224:
1127:
1117:
1116:
1065:
1055:
1054:
1003:Rapid dominance
908:
898:
897:
853:Electromagnetic
762:
752:
751:
738:
691:
639:
615:
605:
604:
600:Combat training
581:
558:
524:Combat systems:
520:
482:
478:Auxiliary ships
444:
404:
346:
269:
259:
258:
198:
172:
171:
170:
165:
90:
82:Law enforcement
77:
76:Occupation type
65:
33:
26:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9452:
9442:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9429:Sniper warfare
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9397:
9396:
9385:
9380:
9375:
9368:
9367:External links
9365:
9363:
9362:
9355:
9346:
9330:
9320:on 28 May 2010
9303:
9294:
9281:
9272:
9259:
9250:
9233:
9224:
9207:
9198:
9181:
9172:
9159:
9150:
9130:
9121:
9101:
9092:
9069:
9059:
9053:
9040:
9034:
9026:Modern Snipers
9021:
9015:
8995:
8988:
8969:
8963:
8950:
8941:
8924:
8903:
8875:
8870:Main article:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8861:
8839:
8827:The Australian
8813:
8801:The Australian
8787:
8757:
8738:
8716:
8703:
8681:
8642:
8624:
8613:
8595:
8584:
8554:
8541:Sniper Central
8528:
8503:
8473:
8447:
8418:
8400:
8381:
8372:
8350:
8343:
8325:
8299:
8284:
8272:
8243:
8236:
8230:. p. 63.
8212:
8191:
8169:
8148:
8122:
8111:. 5 May 1901.
8099:
8068:West, James E.
8059:
8034:
8017:
8010:
7990:
7976:
7964:
7930:
7897:
7883:Abcnews.go.com
7869:
7836:
7809:
7782:
7751:
7744:
7722:
7715:
7695:
7688:
7668:
7642:
7630:
7616:
7602:Dockery, Kevin
7593:
7563:
7547:
7526:
7497:
7474:
7460:
7440:
7426:
7400:
7386:
7366:
7352:
7332:
7309:
7297:
7281:
7249:
7223:
7183:
7174:
7165:, p. 388.
7155:
7136:
7101:
7079:
7061:
7037:
7022:
7002:
6987:
6967:
6952:
6940:
6933:
6913:
6906:
6886:
6883:. p. 212.
6879:Parker, Eric.
6871:
6859:
6842:
6835:
6815:
6801:
6780:
6748:
6733:
6719:
6699:
6685:
6665:
6651:
6625:
6611:
6585:
6576:
6562:
6542:
6533:
6515:
6508:
6488:
6462:
6448:
6428:
6414:
6394:
6380:
6360:
6346:
6326:
6304:
6282:
6260:
6249:on 7 June 2011
6234:
6216:
6190:
6176:on 14 May 2015
6147:
6127:
6101:
6075:
6048:
6029:
6007:
5981:
5948:
5919:
5900:
5878:
5863:
5839:
5817:
5749:
5738:
5723:
5703:
5688:
5659:
5642:
5631:on 2 July 2017
5612:
5580:
5565:
5536:
5525:. 31 July 2017
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5495:Special forces
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5476:using a sniper
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5430:
5404:
5396:
5381:Victoria Cross
5354:
5347:
5337:
5323:
5312:
5304:
5301:7.62Ă51mm NATO
5297:
5294:Raufoss Mk 211
5285:
5249:
5219:
5189:
5162:Craig Harrison
5153:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5135:Medal of Honor
5117:Randy Shughart
5109:
5103:
5097:
5081:
5075:
5068:
5061:Victoria Cross
5054:
5040:
5025:
5019:
5008:
5005:
4982:Vasily Zaytsev
4978:
4971:
4968:Ivan Sidorenko
4957:
4937:
4927:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4825:
4805:
4791:
4772:
4757:
4754:Peninsular War
4741:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4722:
4707:Timothy Murphy
4702:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4677:
4674:
4627:
4624:
4608:
4605:
4574:Main article:
4571:
4568:
4494:
4491:
4476:smoke grenades
4425:Main article:
4422:
4419:
4326:
4323:
4301:
4298:
4292:
4289:
4236:Main article:
4233:
4230:
4202:
4201:Shot placement
4199:
4171:
4168:
4083:7.62Ă51mm NATO
4073:
4070:
4052:
4049:
4035:
4032:
4014:
4011:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:12.7Ă99mm NATO
3924:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:.223 Remington
3844:5.56Ă45mm NATO
3840:
3839:
3832:
3802:
3799:
3747:
3744:
3619:ZielgerÀt 1229
3589:ScharfschĂŒtzen
3570:Vasily Zaytsev
3503:1940 campaigns
3474:Soviet sniper
3467:
3464:
3438:; the British
3379:trench warfare
3350:
3347:
3276:breech-loading
3256:
3253:
3177:
3174:
3142:Timothy Murphy
3077:
3074:
3060:
3057:
3045:
3014:Craig Harrison
2968:Main article:
2965:
2962:
2930:Columbus, Ohio
2876:
2873:
2857:required leads
2825:spotting scope
2732:
2731:
2714:September 2019
2690:
2688:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2656:Fallujah, Iraq
2567:reconnaissance
2532:military units
2523:
2520:
2476:
2475:Modern warfare
2473:
2469:Franz Joseph I
2441:tireur d'Ă©lite
2380:ScharfschĂŒtzen
2309:snipe shooting
2271:
2268:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2113:Military terms
2110:
2105:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1871:Tripwire force
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1647:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1393:Administrative
1391:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:New generation
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1295:Fleet in being
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1233:Grand strategy
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:Scorched earth
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1092:Deep operation
1089:
1084:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
939:
938:
933:
928:
918:
909:
904:
903:
900:
899:
896:
895:
893:Unconventional
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
841:
839:Disinformation
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
810:
809:
804:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
763:
758:
757:
754:
753:
750:
749:
744:
737:
736:
735:
734:
733:
732:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
690:
689:
688:
687:
686:
685:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
638:
637:
636:
635:
630:
625:
616:
611:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
597:
592:
590:Basic training
587:
580:
579:
574:
569:
564:
557:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
519:
518:
516:Reconnaissance
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
481:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
443:
442:
437:
435:Special forces
432:
427:
426:
425:
415:
410:
403:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
345:
344:
335:
330:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
270:
265:
264:
261:
260:
257:
256:
255:
254:
249:
239:
238:
237:
232:
222:
221:
220:
213:Post-classical
210:
205:
199:
194:
193:
190:
189:
181:
180:
162:
161:
143:Barak HTR 2000
117:equipped with
115:Soviet snipers
111:Vasily Zaytsev
102:
101:
91:
88:
85:
84:
78:
75:
72:
71:
67:
66:
48:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9451:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9406:
9404:
9395:
9391:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9370:
9360:
9356:
9349:
9343:
9339:
9335:
9334:Taylor, Peter
9331:
9319:
9315:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9297:
9291:
9287:
9282:
9275:
9269:
9265:
9260:
9253:
9247:
9243:
9242:Paladin Press
9239:
9234:
9227:
9221:
9217:
9216:Paladin Press
9213:
9208:
9201:
9195:
9191:
9187:
9182:
9175:
9169:
9165:
9160:
9153:
9147:
9143:
9142:Paladin Press
9139:
9135:
9131:
9124:
9118:
9114:
9113:Paladin Press
9110:
9106:
9102:
9095:
9089:
9085:
9084:Paladin Press
9081:
9079:
9074:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9056:
9050:
9046:
9041:
9037:
9031:
9027:
9022:
9018:
9016:1-894581-16-4
9012:
9008:
9004:
9000:
8999:Law, Clive M.
8996:
8991:
8985:
8981:
8977:
8976:
8970:
8966:
8960:
8956:
8951:
8944:
8938:
8934:
8930:
8925:
8913:
8909:
8904:
8893:on 6 May 2010
8892:
8888:
8887:
8886:New York Post
8882:
8877:
8876:
8873:
8857:
8853:
8846:
8844:
8828:
8824:
8817:
8802:
8798:
8791:
8775:
8771:
8767:
8761:
8754:
8750:
8747:
8742:
8726:
8720:
8713:
8707:
8692:. Defense.gov
8691:
8685:
8669:
8665:
8664:
8659:
8655:
8649:
8647:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8622:
8617:
8609:
8604:
8603:Chandler 2010
8599:
8593:
8588:
8572:
8568:
8564:
8558:
8542:
8538:
8532:
8517:
8513:
8507:
8500:
8488:
8484:
8477:
8470:
8458:
8451:
8435:
8431:
8422:
8414:
8410:
8404:
8396:
8395:teara.govt.nz
8392:
8385:
8379:Pegler pg.265
8376:
8360:
8354:
8346:
8344:9781847065230
8340:
8336:
8329:
8313:
8309:
8303:
8296:
8288:
8281:
8276:
8260:
8256:
8250:
8248:
8239:
8233:
8229:
8225:
8224:
8216:
8209:
8205:
8201:
8195:
8187:
8183:
8176:
8174:
8165:
8161:
8155:
8153:
8144:
8140:
8133:
8131:
8129:
8127:
8118:
8114:
8110:
8103:
8095:
8091:
8085:
8077:
8073:
8069:
8063:
8055:
8051:
8047:
8046:
8038:
8031:
8030:0-8071-3067-2
8027:
8021:
8013:
8007:
8003:
8002:
7994:
7988:
7987:
7980:
7973:
7968:
7960:
7948:
7944:
7940:
7934:
7918:
7914:
7913:
7908:
7901:
7885:
7884:
7879:
7873:
7857:
7853:
7852:
7847:
7840:
7824:
7820:
7813:
7797:
7793:
7786:
7771:
7770:
7765:
7758:
7756:
7747:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7726:
7718:
7712:
7708:
7707:
7699:
7691:
7685:
7681:
7680:
7672:
7665:
7661:
7660:
7656:
7653:
7646:
7639:
7634:
7619:
7613:
7609:
7608:
7603:
7597:
7581:
7577:
7573:
7567:
7561:
7560:952-5170-05-5
7557:
7551:
7543:
7542:
7537:
7530:
7515:
7511:
7504:
7502:
7485:
7478:
7463:
7457:
7453:
7452:
7444:
7429:
7423:
7419:
7414:
7413:
7404:
7389:
7383:
7379:
7378:
7370:
7355:
7353:9781909160385
7349:
7345:
7344:
7336:
7320:
7313:
7307:, p. 346
7306:
7301:
7295:
7291:
7285:
7266:
7259:
7253:
7237:
7233:
7227:
7219:
7213:
7197:
7193:
7187:
7178:
7170:
7164:
7163:Scherzer 2007
7159:
7151:
7145:
7144:Sadowski 2015
7140:
7124:
7120:
7119:
7113:
7105:
7089:
7083:
7075:
7071:
7065:
7054:
7047:
7041:
7033:
7029:
7025:
7023:0-312-36290-0
7019:
7015:
7014:
7006:
6998:
6994:
6990:
6988:0-312-95766-1
6984:
6980:
6979:
6971:
6963:
6956:
6949:
6944:
6936:
6934:0-85052-426-1
6930:
6926:
6925:
6917:
6909:
6907:0-85052-426-1
6903:
6899:
6898:
6890:
6882:
6875:
6868:
6863:
6855:
6849:
6847:
6838:
6836:0-85052-426-1
6832:
6828:
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6811:
6805:
6797:
6792:
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6599:
6598:
6589:
6580:
6565:
6563:9781849088756
6559:
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6511:
6509:9781451603736
6505:
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5924:
5915:
5914:HowStuffWorks
5911:
5904:
5896:
5892:
5889:
5882:
5876:, p. 316
5875:
5870:
5868:
5861:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5837:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5822:
5815:
5810:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5747:
5742:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5724:1-84176-854-5
5720:
5716:
5715:
5707:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5689:1-84176-854-5
5685:
5681:
5680:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5656:
5652:
5646:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5616:
5601:
5597:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5585:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5566:1-84176-854-5
5562:
5558:
5557:
5549:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5524:
5520:
5514:
5510:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5438:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5425:
5420:
5416:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5402:
5397:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5359:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5341:
5338:
5335:
5331:
5328:
5324:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5305:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5291:
5290:Barrett M82A3
5286:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5220:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5194:
5190:
5188:to that time.
5187:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5160:
5157:British Army
5156:
5155:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5082:
5079:
5076:
5073:
5069:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5043:Zhang Taofang
5041:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5002:
4997:
4996:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4966:had 534, and
4965:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4902:(NVA), was a
4901:
4897:
4893:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4823:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4809:John Sedgwick
4806:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4659:
4658:Denison smock
4655:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4642:H.A. Marshall
4638:
4633:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4604:
4600:
4598:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4577:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4500:
4490:
4488:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4472:hand grenades
4469:
4465:
4461:
4460:smoke screens
4456:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4445:triangulation
4441:
4439:
4433:
4428:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4379:
4374:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4340:
4336:
4331:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4300:Sound masking
4297:
4288:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4239:
4229:
4227:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4211:
4209:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4181:
4176:
4167:
4163:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4113:
4111:
4110:minute of arc
4106:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4090:
4086:
4084:
4079:
4072:Range finding
4065:
4057:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4013:U.S. military
4010:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3990:
3986:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3937:
3934:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3853:
3850:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3810:Royal Marines
3807:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3757:
3752:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3724:Karabiner 98k
3721:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3692:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3555:
3551:
3546:
3542:
3540:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3477:
3472:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3390:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3360:
3355:
3346:
3344:
3343:sharpshooters
3339:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3265:
3261:
3252:
3250:
3249:John Sedgwick
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3104:Clan Campbell
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3024:RHG/D of the
3023:
3020:(CoH) in the
3019:
3015:
3006:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2976:
2971:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2894:sniper rifles
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2835:and read the
2834:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2810:assault rifle
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2781:for both the
2780:
2779:
2775:. Within the
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2749:Sniper rifles
2743:
2738:
2728:
2725:
2717:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2691:This section
2689:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2633:Iraq campaign
2630:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2551:key personnel
2548:
2544:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2516:
2511:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2375:Swiss cantons
2372:
2371:German states
2367:
2362:
2357:
2356:SchĂŒtzenfeste
2352:
2347:
2346:ScharfschĂŒtze
2342:
2338:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2284:British India
2281:
2277:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
2000:Warrior caste
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1970:Show of force
1968:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:Peacebuilding
1956:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1814:Air supremacy
1812:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1754:Islamic rules
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1734:Court-martial
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1633:Arms industry
1631:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1250:Broken-backed
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1087:Expeditionary
1085:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
958:Counterattack
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
922:
919:
917:
914:
913:
912:
907:
902:
901:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
883:Psychological
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
819:Combined arms
817:
815:
812:
808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
761:
756:
755:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
731:
728:
727:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
696:
693:
692:
684:
681:
680:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
658:Fortification
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
645:
644:
641:
640:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
620:
618:
617:
614:
609:
608:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
521:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
479:
476:
474:
473:Landing craft
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
424:
421:
420:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
343:
339:
338:Standing army
336:
334:
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329:
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320:
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312:
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300:
297:
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263:
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236:
233:
231:
230:pike and shot
228:
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226:
223:
219:
216:
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211:
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201:
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197:
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187:
183:
182:
176:
168:
164:
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159:
158:
152:
148:
145:chambered in
144:
140:
136:
135:weapon system
131:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
100:
96:
92:
86:
83:
79:
73:
68:
64:
63:Ghillie suits
60:
59:PGM HĂ©cate II
56:
52:
46:
41:
35:
30:
23:
9424:Marksmanship
9358:
9337:
9322:. Retrieved
9318:the original
9311:
9285:
9263:
9237:
9211:
9185:
9163:
9137:
9108:
9076:
9063:
9044:
9025:
9002:
8974:
8954:
8928:
8916:. Retrieved
8912:the original
8895:. Retrieved
8891:the original
8884:
8855:
8830:. Retrieved
8826:
8816:
8804:. Retrieved
8800:
8790:
8778:. Retrieved
8774:the original
8770:alertnet.org
8769:
8760:
8741:
8729:. Retrieved
8719:
8711:
8706:
8694:. Retrieved
8684:
8672:. Retrieved
8668:the original
8661:
8627:
8616:
8598:
8587:
8575:. Retrieved
8571:the original
8557:
8545:. Retrieved
8540:
8531:
8519:. Retrieved
8515:
8506:
8498:
8491:. Retrieved
8487:the original
8476:
8468:
8461:. Retrieved
8450:
8438:. Retrieved
8434:the original
8421:
8412:
8403:
8394:
8384:
8375:
8363:. Retrieved
8353:
8334:
8328:
8316:. Retrieved
8311:
8302:
8292:(in Russian)
8287:
8275:
8263:. Retrieved
8259:the original
8222:
8215:
8199:
8194:
8185:
8164:Foreigner.fi
8163:
8142:
8108:
8102:
8075:
8062:
8043:
8037:
8020:
8000:
7993:
7984:
7979:
7972:Plaster 2007
7967:
7957:– via
7951:. Retrieved
7947:the original
7942:
7933:
7921:. Retrieved
7917:the original
7910:
7900:
7888:. Retrieved
7881:
7872:
7860:. Retrieved
7856:the original
7849:
7839:
7827:. Retrieved
7823:the original
7812:
7800:. Retrieved
7796:the original
7785:
7773:. Retrieved
7767:
7735:
7725:
7705:
7698:
7678:
7671:
7650:
7645:
7633:
7621:. Retrieved
7606:
7596:
7584:. Retrieved
7580:the original
7575:
7566:
7550:
7539:
7529:
7517:. Retrieved
7514:The Register
7513:
7488:. Retrieved
7477:
7465:. Retrieved
7450:
7443:
7431:. Retrieved
7411:
7403:
7391:. Retrieved
7376:
7369:
7357:. Retrieved
7342:
7335:
7323:. Retrieved
7312:
7305:Plaster 2006
7300:
7293:
7284:
7272:. Retrieved
7265:the original
7252:
7240:. Retrieved
7236:the original
7226:
7200:. Retrieved
7196:the original
7186:
7177:
7158:
7139:
7127:. Retrieved
7116:
7104:
7092:. Retrieved
7082:
7073:
7064:
7053:the original
7040:
7012:
7005:
6977:
6970:
6955:
6943:
6923:
6916:
6896:
6889:
6880:
6874:
6862:
6825:
6818:
6804:
6791:Pegler 2006a
6766:
6760:
6744:Plaster 2007
6724:. Retrieved
6709:
6702:
6690:. Retrieved
6675:
6668:
6656:. Retrieved
6636:
6628:
6616:. Retrieved
6596:
6588:
6579:
6567:. Retrieved
6552:
6545:
6536:
6527:
6518:
6498:
6491:
6479:. Retrieved
6475:the original
6465:
6453:. Retrieved
6438:
6431:
6419:. Retrieved
6404:
6397:
6385:. Retrieved
6370:
6363:
6351:. Retrieved
6336:
6329:
6320:
6316:
6307:
6295:. Retrieved
6285:
6273:. Retrieved
6263:
6251:. Retrieved
6247:the original
6237:
6229:the original
6219:
6207:. Retrieved
6203:the original
6193:
6185:
6178:. Retrieved
6174:the original
6163:
6139:
6130:
6118:. Retrieved
6114:
6104:
6092:. Retrieved
6088:
6078:
6066:. Retrieved
6062:the original
6051:
6042:
6032:
6020:. Retrieved
6010:
5998:. Retrieved
5994:the original
5984:
5972:. Retrieved
5968:the original
5939:. Retrieved
5935:
5913:
5903:
5891:
5887:
5881:
5814:Plaster 1993
5746:Plaster 2007
5741:
5713:
5706:
5678:
5654:
5650:
5645:
5633:. Retrieved
5629:the original
5624:
5615:
5603:. Retrieved
5599:
5555:
5527:. Retrieved
5522:
5513:
5480:Sniper Alley
5474:Adolf Hitler
5344:Tamil Tigers
5279:
5152:21st century
5142:
5124:
5111:Master Sgt.
5078:Roza Shanina
4999:
4993:
4986:World War II
4954:MosinâNagant
4887:of all time.
4872:20th century
4864:
4860:
4837:Matobo Hills
4822:urban legend
4784:Sharps Rifle
4776:Hiram Berdan
4740:19th century
4715:Simon Fraser
4701:18th century
4676:17th century
4664:Even before
4663:
4616:civil unrest
4610:
4601:
4594:
4579:
4564:
4560:
4538:
4518:
4484:
4457:
4449:
4442:
4434:
4430:
4411:Fidel Castro
4400:
4396:Simon Fraser
4381:
4376:
4371:
4360:
4344:
4303:
4294:
4268:
4253:
4241:
4223:
4212:
4204:
4195:
4192:
4185:
4180:ghillie suit
4164:
4156:
4140:
4129:
4116:
4114:
4094:
4087:
4075:
4045:
4037:
4034:Russian Army
4016:
3999:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3771:
3760:
3713:
3704:Commonwealth
3693:
3689:Hitlerjugend
3685:
3681:
3677:World War II
3658:North Africa
3650:
3627:
3593:Karabiner 98
3588:
3586:
3579:
3573:
3559:
3554:Soviet Union
3530:iron-sighted
3515:
3496:
3492:Soviet Union
3481:
3466:World War II
3460:MosinâNagant
3433:
3426:
3424:
3415:papier-mùché
3411:
3395:
3376:
3364:
3342:
3340:
3335:
3327:ghillie suit
3315:Lord Roberts
3299:Lovat Scouts
3296:
3269:
3230:
3219:
3199:muzzleloader
3190:Ashanti army
3181:
3179:
3150:
3131:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3088:Appin Murder
3085:
3081:Marksmanship
3079:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3026:British Army
3011:
2996:
2981:
2946:
2926:
2897:
2892:Barrett MRAD
2822:
2814:battle rifle
2791:
2787:Marine Corps
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2747:
2720:
2711:
2700:Please help
2695:verification
2692:
2674:Sniper teams
2666:emphasis on
2664:
2644:sniper teams
2641:
2623:
2619:Denel NTW-20
2587:fire support
2563:intelligence
2555:pinning down
2543:surveillance
2540:
2525:
2485:Scout Sniper
2435:franc-tireur
2413:
2336:sharpshooter
2334:
2332:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2308:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2260:surveillance
2248:infiltration
2221:
2193:paramilitary
2184:
2182:
2083:Fifth column
2063:War resister
2058:Women in war
1953:Peacekeeping
1898:Arms control
1843:
1532:Mobilization
1527:Conscription
1485:Intelligence
1438:Organization
1079:
1008:Encirclement
888:Radiological
824:Conventional
678:Subterranean
585:Development:
584:
561:
523:
485:
448:Naval units:
447:
440:Signal corps
407:
370:Intelligence
350:Specialties:
349:
274:Organization
225:Early modern
139:sniper rifle
34:
22:Sniper rifle
8832:11 February
8806:11 February
8621:Alpert 2010
7862:25 February
7638:Taylor 1997
7586:10 November
6867:Parker 1924
6746:, p. 5
6569:18 November
6094:19 November
5860:Senich 1982
5836:Senich 1988
5529:23 November
5242:.50 caliber
5238:Afghanistan
5226:Rob Furlong
5212:.50 caliber
5208:Afghanistan
5196:Arron Perry
5131:Delta Force
5113:Gary Gordon
5091:M2 Browning
5057:Clive Hulme
5035:during the
4973:Lieutenant
4950:White Guard
4916:World War I
4811:during the
4794:Jack Hinson
4769:Baker rifle
4750:Skirmishers
4682:Lord Brooke
4654:LeeâEnfield
4613:Arab Spring
4607:Arab Spring
4570:War in Iraq
4485:The use of
4352:booby-traps
4121:milliradian
3977:1,500â2,400
3965:1,900â2,300
3952:1,500â2,000
3939:1,500â2,000
3921:1,300â1,600
3767:observation
3696:Pacific War
3516:During the
3484:interbellum
3482:During the
3444:LeeâEnfield
3367:World War I
3349:World War I
3319:field craft
3288:LeeâMetford
3274:the latest
3270:During the
3241:Confederacy
3237:French army
3215:Crimean War
3165:Baker rifle
3028:struck two
2922:White House
2849:slant range
2829:rangefinder
2765:sniper cell
2761:sniper team
2753:crew-served
2652:eye fatigue
2611:Barrett M82
2609:, like the
2579:air strikes
2401:Confederate
2369:) from the
2256:observation
2244:field craft
2068:War studies
1891:Non-warfare
1819:Appeasement
1784:Martial law
1623:War economy
1562:Transgender
1515:Recruitment
1275:Containment
1160:Culminating
1140:Anti-access
1063:Operational
983:Envelopment
926:Air assault
807:Air cavalry
767:Air defence
747:Information
648:Cold-region
613:Battlespace
562:Historical:
408:Land units:
314:Space force
309:Coast guard
242:Late modern
203:Prehistoric
121:during the
80:Military /
9403:Categories
8918:26 January
8632:Drury 2010
8592:Smith 2010
8577:29 October
8265:13 October
7959:Google.com
7923:30 January
7359:12 January
7202:6 February
7121:. London.
6089:Yahoo News
5874:Shore 1988
5635:17 October
5506:References
5435:volunteer
5256:Chris Kyle
5047:Korean War
4945:Winter War
4941:Simo HÀyhÀ
4920:Australian
4912:Billy Sing
4881:Simo HÀyhÀ
4802:long rifle
4788:Union Army
4589:Bundeswehr
4462:, placing
4453:Lahti L-39
4307:suppressor
4291:Relocating
4271:Vidhwansak
4208:blood loss
4186:The term "
4136:ballistics
4105:slide rule
4078:trajectory
3961:(Russian)
3959:14.5Ă114mm
3948:(Russian)
3946:12.7Ă108mm
3880:7.62Ă54mmR
3831:Cartridge
3763:camouflage
3740:M1C Garand
3732:Arisaka 97
3608:which had
3595:and later
3550:Stalingrad
3526:Simo HÀyhÀ
3518:Winter War
3448:Ross rifle
3420:Kim's Game
3402:First Army
3307:Lord Lovat
3226:Birmingham
3069:smoothbore
2886:(Israel's
2841:anemometer
2837:wind speed
2668:coup d'Ćil
2595:commanders
2549:and other
2317:agent noun
2232:camouflage
2224:long-range
2128:War crimes
2118:Operations
2025:Foot drill
1995:Battle cry
1908:deterrence
1567:Harassment
1542:Specialism
1365:Technology
1360:Succession
1305:Liberation
1240:Asymmetric
1175:Empty fort
1081:Blitzkrieg
1050:Withdrawal
1013:Investment
792:Camouflage
787:Biological
725:Underwater
700:Amphibious
619:Aerospace
486:Air units:
463:Submarines
252:fourth-gen
247:industrial
235:napoleonic
70:Occupation
9068:261 pages
8994:352 pages
8663:Maclean's
8295:Biography
8117:0362-4331
8084:cite book
8054:0093-1179
7912:France 24
7769:USA Today
7258:"ATK.com"
7032:122381816
6775:0017-5684
6769:(7): 74.
6313:"Sniping"
5427:insurgent
5356:Corporal
5325:Canadian
5252:U.S. Navy
5221:Canadian
5191:Canadian
5174:Musa Qala
5129:) â were
5016:Wehrmacht
4817:Whitworth
4694:Lichfield
4640:Sergeant
4523:of 1966 (
4348:landmines
4215:Marseille
4188:hide site
3909:900â1,200
3897:900â1,100
3885:800â1,000
3873:800â1,000
3862:7.62Ă51mm
3776:, with a
3615:mountings
3597:Gewehr 43
3436:Gewehr 98
3383:loopholes
3359:Gallipoli
3280:magazines
3266:in Africa
3176:1801â1900
3172:, Spain.
3076:1701â1800
3034:Musa Qala
2839:using an
2827:and/or a
2742:Jalalabad
2629:doctrines
2583:artillery
2515:U.S. Army
2423:chasseurs
2417:caçadores
2305:flintlock
2296:game bird
2274:The name
2270:Etymology
2240:bushcraft
2217:observers
2015:War novel
1918:Grey-zone
1878:War games
1839:Overmatch
1789:War crime
1739:Desertion
1729:Ceasefire
1724:Armistice
1611:Logistics
1589:Mercenary
1577:Volunteer
1508:Personnel
1480:Engineers
1425:Sociology
1380:World war
1375:Total war
1355:Strategic
1345:Religious
1330:Political
1325:Perpetual
1300:Irregular
1215:Offensive
1190:Defensive
1185:Deception
1145:Attrition
993:Guerrilla
988:Formation
931:Airbridge
863:Loitering
777:Artillery
430:Artillery
365:Engineers
328:Irregular
299:Air force
9434:Shooting
9336:(1997).
9136:(2007).
9107:(2006).
9075:(1993).
9001:(2005).
8749:Archived
8547:28 March
8521:28 March
8493:24 March
8463:24 March
8440:25 March
8318:28 March
8074:(1932).
8032:pp 93â96
7829:21 March
7802:21 March
7775:21 March
7655:Archived
7212:cite web
7129:30 March
7123:Archived
6997:34124115
6165:Sky News
5964:CBS News
5941:24 March
5733:56654780
5698:56654780
5575:56654780
5444:See also
5320:Iraq War
5307:placing
5223:Corporal
4841:Rhodesia
4774:Colonel
4759:British
4666:firearms
4576:Iraq War
4544:Troubles
4464:tripwire
4337:with an
4256:materiel
4002:rucksack
3992:Snipers
3801:Accuracy
3746:Training
3522:Red Army
3323:woodsmen
3272:Boer War
3194:marksmen
2865:notebook
2547:officers
2464:cecchino
2453:cecchino
2385:crossbow
2303:skilled
2280:to snipe
2236:tracking
2196:marksman
2189:military
2030:War song
2005:War film
1638:Materiel
1557:Children
1537:Training
1475:Medicine
1460:Doctrine
1415:Training
1350:Resource
1335:Princely
1285:Economic
1270:Conquest
1265:Colonial
1260:Cold war
1245:Blockade
1125:Strategy
1097:Maneuver
858:Infantry
814:Chemical
668:Mountain
628:Airborne
491:Fighters
458:Warships
413:Infantry
355:Rifleman
319:Reserves
267:Military
9409:Snipers
9394:YouTube
8365:1 April
7953:1 April
7890:1 April
7851:Reuters
7623:12 July
7467:12 July
7433:12 July
7393:12 July
6726:12 July
6692:12 July
6658:12 July
6618:12 July
6481:18 June
6455:12 July
6421:12 July
6387:12 July
6353:12 July
6209:1 April
6120:22 June
5649:In the
5625:army.ca
5605:8 April
5596:"Snipe"
5393:M14 EBR
5170:Taliban
5164:of the
5121:Somalia
5033:Yangtze
5031:around
4918:) â An
4833:Ndebele
4765:Colbert
4688:in the
4670:archers
4527:), the
4415:Batista
4405:in the
4390:, when
4341:in 2004
4280:Barrett
4147:vectors
4143:gravity
4101:reticle
3928:.50 BMG
3855:300â500
3834:Maximum
3778:sandbag
3694:In the
3587:German
3507:Dunkirk
3456:Carcano
3406:Linghem
3365:During
3188:in the
3132:At the
3065:rifling
3030:Taliban
2903:hostage
2773:flanker
2769:spotter
2755:in the
2648:spotter
2639:areas.
2607:.50 BMG
2536:tactics
2393:Lucerne
2313:sniping
2300:hunters
2200:engages
2143:Writers
2138:Weapons
2103:Battles
2052:Related
2040:Wargame
2035:Uniform
1983:Culture
1764:Perfidy
1759:Justice
1680:Science
1665:Outpost
1618:History
1598:Warrior
1594:Soldier
1582:foreign
1520:counter
1420:Service
1370:Theater
1310:Limited
1290:Endemic
1205:Nuclear
973:Foxhole
948:Cavalry
936:Airdrop
921:Airlift
906:Tactics
878:Nuclear
868:Missile
797:Cavalry
782:Barrage
760:Weapons
720:Surface
501:Command
496:Bombers
453:Frogman
423:Cavalry
380:Medical
342:Militia
324:Regular
304:Marines
218:castles
208:Ancient
196:History
175:outline
93:Use of
9344:
9292:
9270:
9248:
9222:
9196:
9170:
9148:
9119:
9090:
9051:
9032:
9013:
8986:
8961:
8939:
8696:1 June
8341:
8234:
8206:
8115:
8052:
8028:
8008:
7742:
7713:
7686:
7614:
7558:
7519:10 May
7490:10 May
7458:
7424:
7384:
7350:
7325:14 May
7274:1 June
7242:1 June
7094:1 June
7030:
7020:
6995:
6985:
6931:
6904:
6833:
6773:
6717:
6683:
6649:
6609:
6560:
6506:
6446:
6412:
6378:
6344:
6297:7 June
6275:1 June
6253:1 June
6180:7 June
6170:Sky UK
5731:
5721:
5696:
5686:
5573:
5563:
5346:kills.
5272:Ramadi
5254:Chief
5248:rifle.
5178:L115A3
4956:rifle.
4849:cowboy
4827:Major
4515:(2004)
4487:canine
4480:flares
4354:, and
4317:, and
4151:cosine
4030:fire.
4028:mortar
3814:L115A1
3720:SVT-40
3698:, the
3645:Gennep
3623:StG 44
3566:morale
3556:(1942)
3292:Mauser
3186:Scouts
3170:Ferrol
2941:TACLET
2845:mirage
2802:sentry
2625:Soviet
2617:, and
2495:, and
2389:musket
2361:Munich
2341:calque
2324:sniper
2320:sniper
2288:snipes
2276:sniper
2213:scouts
2209:optics
2185:sniper
2123:Sieges
1807:Theory
1547:Morale
1405:Policy
1400:Branch
1180:Mosaic
1170:Fabian
1112:Covert
1045:Trench
1030:Screen
953:Charge
943:Battle
916:Aerial
834:Denial
802:Horses
730:Seabed
683:Tunnel
663:Jungle
653:Desert
623:Aerial
390:Diving
385:Police
141:(here
38:Sniper
9324:3 May
8897:3 May
8780:9 May
8731:9 May
8674:3 May
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