2952:"SPR investigators quickly found that many mediums were indeed, as skeptics had alleged, operating under cover of darkness in order to perpetrate scams. They used a number of tricks facilitated by darkness: sleight of hand was used to manipulate objects and touch people eager to make contact with deceased loved ones; flour or white lines would give the illusion of spectral white hands or faces; accomplices were even stashed under tables or in secret rooms to lent support in the plot... As the investigations of the SPR, and other skeptics, were made public, many fraudulent mediums saw their careers ruined and many unsuspecting clients were enraged at the deception perpetrated."
156:
989:. Though according to Ronald W. Clark (1980) "Freud surmised, no doubt correctly, that the existence of any link between the founding fathers of psychoanalysis and investigation of the paranormal would hamper acceptance of psychoanalysis" as would any perceived involvement with the occult. Nonetheless, Freud did respond, contributing an essay titled "A Note on the Unconscious in Psycho-Analysis" to the Medical Supplement to the Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research.
4685:
1123:
4697:
4114:
755:
1039:. Hodgson with his friend, S. J. Davey, had staged fake séances for educating the public (including SPR members). Davey gave sittings under an assumed name, duplicating the phenomena produced by Eglinton, and then proceeded to point out to the sitters the manner in which they had been deceived. Because of this, some spiritualist members such as
29:
746:. It describes itself as the "first society to conduct organised scholarly research into human experiences that challenge contemporary scientific models." It does not, however, since its inception in 1882, hold any corporate opinions: SPR members assert a variety of beliefs with regard to the nature of the phenomena studied.
1169:
The SPR ... on occasion exposed blatant cases of fraud even their own credulous memberships could not swallow. But their journals have never succeeded in achieving a high level of credibility in the eyes of the rest of the scientific community. ... most articles usually begin with the assumption that
804:
The SPR was the first organisation of its kind in the world, its stated purpose being "to approach these varied problems without prejudice or prepossession of any kind, and in the same spirit of exact and unimpassioned enquiry which has enabled science to solve so many problems, once not less obscure
1177:
an author of an early skeptical work on psychical research wrote that although the SPR have collected some valuable work, most of its active members have "no training in psychology fitting them for their task, and have been the victims of pronounced bias, as sometimes they themselves have admitted."
1153:
hoped to cling to something spiritual through psychical research. Myers stated that “he
Society for Psychical Research was founded, with the establishment of thought-transference—already rising within measurable distance of proof—as its primary aim.” Defenders of the SPR have stated in reply that “a
1224:
resigned and wrote "After sixty years' experience and personal acquaintance with most of the leading parapsychologists of that period I do not think I could name half a dozen whom I could call objective students who honestly wished to discover the truth. The great majority wanted to prove something
3139:
Author John Grant stated that prominent member F. W. H. Myers held that telepathy, according to some speculative explanations, might, in demonstrating that mind could communicate with mind apart from recognised channels, provide evidence supporting the proposition that human personality could
940:
The SPR "devised methodological innovations such as randomized study designs" and conducted "the first experiments investigating the psychology of eyewitness testimony (Hodgson and Davey, 1887), empirical and conceptual studies illuminating mechanisms of dissociation and hypnotism"
948:
was published which sampled 17,000 people. Out of these, 1,684 persons reported having experienced a hallucination of an apparition. Such efforts were claimed to have undermined "the notion of dissociation and hallucinations as intrinsically pathological phenomena".
3048:"The early history of spirit photography was reviewed by Mrs Henry Sidgwick in the Proceedings of the SPR in 1891. She showed clearly not only that Mumler, Hudson, Buguet and their ilk were fraudulent, but the way in which those who believed in them were deceived."
881:
The
Society is run by a President and a Council of twenty members, and is open to interested members of the public to join. The organisation is based at 1 Vernon Mews, London, with a library and office open to members, and with large book and archival holdings in
1201:
and primitive superstition. Clodd described the SPR as offering "barbaric spiritual philosophy", and characterised the language of SPR members as using such terms as "subliminal consciousness" and "telepathic energy," as a disguise for "bastard supernaturalism."
1105:
Prominent spiritualists at first welcomed the SPR and cooperated fully, but relations soured when spiritualists discovered that the SPR would not accept outside testimony as proof, and the society accused some prominent mediums of fraud. Spiritualist
1020:, president of the Royal Photographic Society and an expert at detecting forgery. Harrison determined that "As an investigator, Hodgson is weighed in the balances and found wanting. His case against Madame H. P. Blavatsky is not proven."
1997:. It now focuses on current laboratory and field research, but also includes theoretical, methodological and historical papers on parapsychology. It also publishes book reviews and correspondence. The current editor is Dr David Vernon.
937:. This text, and subsequent research in this area, was received negatively by the scientific mainstream, though Gurney and Podmore provided a defense of the society's early work in this area in mainstream publications.
997:
Much of the early work involved investigating, exposing and in some cases duplicating fake phenomena. In the late 19th century, SPR investigations into séance phenomena led to the exposure of many fraudulent mediums.
1182:, an ex-member of the Society for Psychical Research, criticised SPR members for their "credulous and obsessive wish... to believe." Hall also claimed SPR members "lack knowledge of deceptive methods."
3140:
continue after the death of the body. "Thus the supernatural might be proved by science, and psychical research might become, in the words of Sir
William Barrett, a handmaid to religion."
1154:‘will to believe’ in post-mortem survival, telepathy and other scientifically unpopular notions, does not necessarily exclude a ‘will to know’ and thus the capacity for thorough
4760:
812:
became the first female member of the SPR. However, being the only female member at the time, she resigned after six months. Some other early members included the author
4429:
2924:
Keeley, James P. "Subliminal
Promptings: Psychoanalytic Theory and the Society for Psychical Research." American Imago, vol. 58 no. 4, 2001, pp. 767–791. Project MUSE,
442:
2644:
Membership does not imply acceptance of any particular opinion concerning the nature or reality of the phenomena examined, and the
Society holds no corporate views.
1110:
resigned from the SPR in 1930, to protest what he regarded as the SPR's overly restrictive standards of proof. Psychic investigator and believer in spiritualism
1081:
led a mass resignation of eighty-four members of the
Society for Psychical Research, as they believed the Society was opposed to spiritualism. Science historian
4061:. The Living Age. 12 June. pp. 652–657. A sceptical look at SPR members who had supported Spiritualism, concludes they were duped by fraudulent mediums.
1979:
are now reserved for longer pieces of work, such as
Presidential Addresses, and are only occasionally published. The current editor is Dr David Vernon.
4775:
437:
2390:
4449:
3344:
3188:"HamiltonTrevor, Immortal Longings: F.W.H. Myers and the Victorian Search for Life after Death (Exeter: Imprint Academic, 2009), pp. 359, hardback"
1225:
or other: They wanted the phenomena into which they were inquiring to serve some purpose in supporting preconceived theories of their own."(1985)
1058:
responded with a critical paper in the SPR which cast doubt on the subject and discussed the fraudulent methods that spirit photographers such as
4118:
3653:
4510:
3921:
2134:(Icelandic Society for Psychical Research) was formed in 1918. It has a predecessor called the Experimental Society, which was founded in 1905.
1217:
than skeptical individuals". The study also claims that reasoning abnormalities may have a causal role in the formation of paranormal belief.
4540:
774:
497:
432:
4648:
4535:
2041:, involving the scientific investigation of psychic phenomena. A bequest of Nigel Buckmaster enabled the foundation of the encyclopedia.
4770:
2337:
Psychical
Research: A Guide to Its History, Principles and Practices: In Celebration of 100 Years of the Society for Psychical Research
4716:
1213:
task. The study found that "individuals who reported a strong belief in the paranormal made more errors and displayed more delusional
4525:
2448:
2207:
1498:(1842–1925), founder and first president of the Société Astronomique de France, author of popular science and science fiction works
4662:
4156:
3377:
4424:
3407:
2186:
1458:
1133:
Skeptics have criticised members of the SPR for having motives liable to impair scientific objectivity. According to SPR critics
4439:
1074:
3874:
Berger, Arthur S., and Joyce Berger. The
Encyclopedia of Parapsychology and Psychical Research. New York: Paragon House, 1991.
1016:
power were fraudulent. However, in 1985 the original finding of fraud was questioned and reinvestigated by the SPR researcher
3808:
3240:
3161:
2949:
2681:
2605:
2404:
1517:(1867–1941), Professor, Universitaet Leipzig; German Biologist and Natural Philosopher, performed first animal cloning 1885
713:
447:
3573:"The power within: Mass media, scientific entertainment, and the introduction of psychical research into China, 1900–1920"
3213:
1362:
3479:
4500:
4101:
4080:
4042:
4021:
4000:
3982:
3961:
3933:
3916:
3319:
3278:
3089:
3066:
3045:
3013:
2973:
2904:
2884:
2744:
2305:
2285:
2265:
2242:
1024:
1001:
487:
1209:
study involving 174 members of the
Society for Psychical Research completed a delusional ideation questionnaire and a
4755:
4669:
4613:
3683:
3475:
3136:
2864:
2585:
2457:
2344:
1581:
2779:
2141:(Dutch for Society for Psychical Research) was founded in 1917 of which the professor in philosophy and psychology
1993:
has been published quarterly since 1884. It was introduced as a private, members-only periodical to supplement the
1469:
1197:
had insufficient competence for the detection of fraud and suggested that their spiritualist beliefs were based on
2478:"Psychical research and the origins of American psychology: Hugo Münsterberg, William James and Eusapia Palladino"
839:
Members of the SPR initiated and organised the International Congresses of Physiological/Experimental psychology.
4700:
1063:
472:
2049:
A number of other psychical research organisations use the term 'Society for Psychical Research' in their name.
4585:
4530:
4520:
4298:
1354:(1850–1935), Professor, Collège de France, Paris; French Physiologist, Nobel Prize in Medicine/Physiology 1913
1384:
Henry Arthur Smith (1848–1922), Barrister-at-Law, Middle Temple, London; Lawyer and author of legal treatises
4599:
4459:
4308:
2212:
985:
In 1912 the Society extended a request for a contribution to a special medical edition of its Proceedings to
2019:, has been published since 1996. Previous editors have included Dr Nicola J. Holt. The current editor is Dr
4620:
4495:
4454:
4444:
4263:
4149:
1461:
OM, PRS (1842–1919), Cavendish Professor, Trinity College, Cambridge; Physicist, Nobel Prize, Physics 1904
1086:
883:
3293:
1417:(1859–1941) Professor, Collège de France, Paris; Chair of Modern Philosophy; Nobel Prize, Literature 1927
4233:
1614:
385:
265:
3824:
3467:
3352:
3255:
2360:
1395:(1844–1912), Fellow, Merton College, Oxford; Classicist and writer on folklore, mythology, and religion
4561:
4515:
4434:
4013:
3992:
2108:
as a first chairman, and the society existed until 2002. A splinter group for Finnish speaking people,
1214:
1085:
has noted that "By the 1900s most avowed spiritualists had left the SPR and gone back to the BNAS (the
3721:
3657:
738:
in the United Kingdom. Its stated purpose is to understand events and abilities commonly described as
4606:
4556:
4464:
4174:
3526:
847:
1059:
4655:
4343:
4218:
1544:
1373:
1332:(1851–1940), Professor, University College, Liverpool; Physicist; developer of wireless telegraphy
1055:
1028:
863:
706:
355:
4031:
Angels in the Trenches: Spiritualism, Superstition and the Supernatural During the First World War
2656:
2124:
4765:
4689:
4578:
4505:
4258:
4238:
4188:
4142:
4034:
3974:
2082:(中國心靈研究會) was established in 1910 or 1912, and remained active in Shanghai until the early 1940s.
930:
925:
595:
537:
275:
65:
2038:
1472:
FRS (1871–1938), Professor, Duke University; Psychologist, founder J B Rhine Parapsychology Lab
1283:
KG, OM, PC, DL (1848–1930), Politician, later Prime Minister; known for the Balfour Declaration
4283:
4228:
2985:
1533:
1480:
1403:
906:. It holds an annual conference, regular lectures and two study days per year and supports the
777:, at which the foundation of the Society was proposed. The committee included Barrett, Rogers,
735:
620:
562:
390:
260:
225:
3024:
2819:
2799:
4469:
4273:
2332:
1603:
1089:
since 1884), having become upset by the sceptical tone of most of the SPR's investigations."
1047:
968:
600:
532:
512:
330:
315:
2530:"Professional Heresy: Edmund Gurney (1847–88) and the Study of Hallucinations and Hypnotism"
773:
in autumn 1881. This led to a conference on 5 and 6 January 1882 at the headquarters of the
4303:
3442:
3077:
2759:
1625:
1317:
1146:
1082:
829:
794:
615:
610:
557:
295:
1114:
criticised the SPR for its "strong bias" against physical manifestations of spiritualism.
8:
4253:
4243:
3149:
1680:
1548:
1365:(1853–1945), Politician, brother of Arthur Balfour; Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge
1210:
1134:
979:
765:
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) originated from a discussion between journalist
699:
665:
507:
168:
2127:
and Léon Marillier. It existed until 1890 when it was abandoned due to lack of interest.
155:
4213:
4069:
The Spiritualists: The Passion for the Occult in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
3605:
3572:
3385:
3251:
2554:
2529:
2502:
2477:
1788:
1525:
Sir Lawrence Evelyn Jones (1885–1955) Honorary Fellow, Balliol College, Oxford; Author
1495:
1340:
1190:
1174:
1150:
1107:
1078:
1051:
809:
790:
770:
375:
325:
3894:
The Society for Psychical Research: Its Rise & Progress & A Sketch of its Work
3443:"Journal and Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research [SPR] (IAPSOP)"
3417:
1639:(1895–1979), Director of Research, Menninger Foundation, Topeka, Kansas; Psychologist
28:
4328:
4288:
4198:
4193:
4097:
4076:
4038:
4017:
3996:
3978:
3957:
3929:
3912:
3892:
3804:
3679:
3610:
3592:
3315:
3274:
3236:
3228:
3209:
3157:
3132:
3085:
3062:
3041:
3009:
2969:
2945:
2900:
2880:
2860:
2740:
2617:
2601:
2581:
2559:
2507:
2453:
2400:
2340:
2301:
2281:
2261:
2238:
1914:
Richard S. Broughton, senior lecturer in psychology at The University of Northampton
1799:
1669:
1506:
John George Piddington (1869–1952), Businessman, John George Smith & Co., London
1425:
1343:
FRS (1845–1926), Professor, Royal College of Science, Dublin; Experimental Physicist
1162:
1067:
964:
957:
670:
380:
245:
200:
190:
3678:
Richet, Charles. Traité de Métapsychique. Bruxelles: Artha Production, 1994, p. 63.
4641:
4627:
4592:
4278:
4093:
3600:
3584:
3199:
3173:
3121:
The Need for Responsibility in Parapsychology: My Sixty Years in Psychical Research
2925:
2877:
Psychics, Sensitives and Somnambules: A Biographical Dictionary with Bibliographies
2549:
2541:
2497:
2489:
1747:
1198:
1036:
1009:
871:
605:
502:
492:
3989:
Spectres of the Self: Thinking about Ghosts and Ghost-Seeing in England, 1750-1920
2689:
2598:
Spectres of the Self: Thinking about Ghosts and Ghost-Seeing in England, 1750-1920
2298:
Spectres of the Self: Thinking about Ghosts and Ghost-Seeing in England, 1750–1920
4373:
4338:
4333:
4223:
4072:
4005:
3966:
3530:
3307:
3001:
2961:
2732:
2443:
2394:
2253:
2230:
2105:
1903:
1854:(1924–2012), Professor of Astronomy in Glasgow, founded the Scottish SPR in 1987
1559:
1303:
1294:(1842–1910) Professor, Harvard University; American Psychologist and Philosopher
1258:
1032:
1017:
817:
547:
350:
285:
220:
89:
953:
255:
4479:
4398:
4383:
4363:
4358:
4165:
2142:
2120:
1873:
1818:
1758:
1724:
1658:
1636:
1450:(1860–1955), Professor, Manchester College, Oxford; Philosopher and Theologian
1436:
1351:
1280:
1269:
1247:
1179:
1155:
1142:
1126:
1040:
975:
887:
825:
798:
782:
778:
758:
635:
630:
567:
525:
370:
365:
230:
75:
3257:
The Evidence for the Supernatural: A Critical Study Made with "Uncommon Sense"
3204:
3187:
2915:
1912 Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, 26 (Part 66), 312–318.
2639:
2545:
1320:(1843–1901), Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; Classicist and Philosopher
1250:(1838–1900), Professor, Trinity College, Cambridge; Philosopher and Economist
4749:
4731:
4718:
4378:
4353:
4054:
3596:
3116:
2835:
2815:
2795:
2775:
2755:
2711:
2493:
1975:
First published in 1882 as a public record of the activities of the SPR, the
1862:
1829:
1736:
1414:
1306:(1832–1919), Physical Chemist; discovered the element Thallium, invented the
1291:
1221:
1138:
986:
934:
833:
786:
766:
660:
572:
415:
360:
340:
290:
240:
3543:
1004:
distinguished himself in that area. In 1884, Hodgson was sent by the SPR to
4634:
4368:
4318:
4208:
4064:
4026:
3614:
3289:
2563:
2511:
2020:
1884:
1514:
1329:
1307:
1272:(→ 1882), Professor, Trinity College, Cambridge; Philosopher and Economist
1194:
1186:
1111:
821:
685:
675:
655:
650:
590:
467:
400:
335:
215:
4010:
The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850-1914
3006:
The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850–1914
2966:
The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850–1914
2942:
Beyond the Threshold: Afterlife Beliefs and Experiences in World Religions
2929:
2737:
The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850–1914
2235:
The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850–1914
1938:
Adrian Parker, Professor Emeritus of Psychology, University of Gothenburg
1406:
KCVO (1841–1918), Pastoral Lecturer, Theology, Cambridge; Bishop of Ripon
870:. The SPR were to introduce a number of neologisms which have entered the
4408:
4388:
4348:
4313:
1769:
1713:
1702:
1691:
1647:
1592:
1570:
1447:
1439:(1866–1957), Regius Professor of Greek, University of Oxford; Classicist
1392:
813:
680:
405:
2839:
2190:(ASPR) in 1885, which became independent in 1906. A splinter group, the
923:
Among the first important works was the two-volume publication in 1886,
797:. The SPR was formally constituted on 20 February 1882 with philosopher
4403:
4293:
4268:
4203:
3900:
3588:
3124:
2316:
1851:
1840:
1206:
859:
855:
743:
640:
460:
395:
300:
250:
205:
176:
3501:
967:
and trance utterances from a group of automatic writers, known as the
4393:
4085:
3908:
2197:
Spain – S.E.I.P Sociedad Española de Investigaciones Parapsicologicas
875:
851:
843:
410:
235:
195:
3295:
The Question: A Brief History and Examination of Modern Spiritualism
2857:
Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy
2112:(Parapsychological research society of Finland), still exists today.
1968:
1097:
The Society has been criticized by both spiritualists and skeptics.
867:
3828:
2997:
2995:
645:
552:
477:
280:
270:
4323:
4134:
2072:
2000:
1895:
John Poynton, Professor Emeritus of Biology, University of Natal
1428:(1864–1937), Fellow, Corpus Christi College, Oxford; Philosopher
1122:
1013:
754:
739:
625:
420:
345:
305:
4090:
The Elusive Quarry: A Scientific Appraisal of Psychical Research
3954:
Secularization of the Soul: Psychical Research in Modern Britain
3082:
William Crookes (1832–1919) and the Commercialization of Science
2992:
1982:
963:
During the early twentieth century, the SPR studied a series of
4113:
3628:
1672:(1881–1960), Astrophysicist, Professor in Cambridge University
542:
310:
210:
3233:
Physics and Psychics: The Search for a World Beyond the Senses
2278:
Henry Sidgwick: Eye of the Universe: An Intellectual Biography
1930:
Chris Roe, Professor of Psychology, University of Northampton
1376:(1845–1936), Principal, Newnham College, Cambridge; Physicist
4248:
3940:
The Society for Psychical Research: An Outline of its History
2368:
1261:(1827–1887), Professor, Owens College, Manchester; Physicist
1158:, methodological rigour and relentless suspicion of errors.”
1005:
320:
3154:
Spooky Science: Debunking the Pseudoscience of the Afterlife
4430:
Association for the Scientific Study of Anomalous Phenomena
1716:(1893–1979), Hellenist, Professor in Birmingham and Oxford
482:
3523:
1483:(1869–1944), Physician and Psychologist, Publisher of the
1023:
In 1886 and 1887 a series of publications by S. J. Davey,
3956:. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues.
2184:
US – An American branch of the Society was formed as the
1772:(1920–2006), Psychologist at the University of Edinburgh
3774:
3334:. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 192, 727–733.
2986:"Part 1, J'Accuse: An Examination of the Hodgson Report"
2396:
The Society for Psychical Research, 1882-1982: A History
144:
4127:
3926:
The Society for Psychical Research 1882–1982: A History
3850:
3746:
3174:"Review of Consciousness Beyond Life by Pim van Lommel"
2177:
Sweden – Sällskapet för Parapsykologisk Forskning (the
952:
The SPR investigated many spiritualist mediums such as
3695:
2578:
Literature, Technology and Magical Thinking, 1880–1920
4059:
Scientific Men and Spiritualism: A Skeptic's Analysis
3571:
Junqueira, Luis Fernando Bernardi (8 December 2022).
2119:(Society for Physiological Psychology) was formed by
4761:
Non-profit organisations based in the United Kingdom
2944:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. 163.
2164:
Sociedad de Investigaciones Psíquicas Iberoamericana
1802:(1891–1983), Parapsychologist, wife of Joseph Rhine
890:, England. It publishes the peer-reviewed quarterly
4536:
Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory
3522:Australian Institute of Parapsychological Research
2323:(London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968), p. 138.
1887:, Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy in London
1220:Some skeptical members have resigned from the SPR.
3825:"Svenska Sällskapet för Parapsykologisk Forskning"
2657:"Rare Books - Collections directory - name access"
2055:Australian Institute of Parapsychological Research
1750:(1901–1980), Physiologist, Professor in Cambridge
1050:requested for the Society to properly investigate
4642:Old Souls: The Scientific Evidence for Past Lives
3720:Gissurarson, Loftur Reimar; Haralsson, Erlendur.
3577:Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences
1970:Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research
1951:Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research
1141:(a member of the SPR), early SPR members such as
974:Famous cases investigated by the Society include
4747:
4450:International Association for Near-Death Studies
3719:
3384:. Society for Psychical Research. Archived from
3351:. Society for Psychical Research. Archived from
2064:, today the Austrian Society for Parapsychology.
1865:(1934–2010), Professor of Psychology in Cardiff
1100:
4511:International Institute for Psychical Research
3747:"Parapsychologie in Nederland (Dutch website)"
2179:Swedish Society for Parapsychological Research
2009:Magazine of the Society for Psychical Research
2002:Magazine of the Society for Psychical Research
1727:(1924 - 2020), Psychiatrist and criminologist
4541:Society for the Study of Supernormal Pictures
4150:
3437:
3435:
2422:Journal of the Society for Psychical Research
2355:
2353:
1991:Journal of the Society for Psychical Research
1984:Journal of the Society for Psychical Research
1955:Journal of the Society for Psychical Research
1170:psychic phenomena are demonstrated realities.
892:Journal of the Society for Psychical Research
775:British National Association of Spiritualists
707:
4649:Parapsychology: Frontier Science of the Mind
3372:
3370:
2152:was very active before the second world war.
2039:articles and case studies about psi research
1791:(1895–1980), Biologist and Parapsychologist
3008:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 139–140.
2172:Sociedad Española de Estudios Metapsíquicos
1562:(born as Edith Balfour; 1865–1948), Writer
866:and the physical phenomena associated with
4157:
4143:
3801:Ciencia y espiritismo en España, 1880–1930
3432:
3051:
2840:"What Psychical Research Has Accomplished"
2523:
2521:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2350:
1117:
714:
700:
154:
27:
4776:1882 establishments in the United Kingdom
4526:National Laboratory of Psychical Research
3851:"American Society for Psychical Research"
3604:
3570:
3367:
3203:
2712:"LEXSCIEN Library of Exploratory Science"
2553:
2501:
2449:The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
4663:Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation
3700:Icelandic Society for Psychical Research
3541:
3332:Reasoning in believers in the paranormal
2139:Studievereniging voor Psychical Research
1780:Arthur J. Ellison (1920–2000), Engineer
1121:
753:
4425:American Society for Psychical Research
3729:International Journal of Parapsychology
3654:"La lumière sur " L'ombre des autres ""
3269:Spangenburg, Ray; Moser, Diane (2004).
3112:
3110:
2879:. McFarland & Company. pp. 14–132.
2800:Hallucination of memory and ‘telepathy’
2518:
2462:
2187:American Society for Psychical Research
2157:Scottish Society for Psychical Research
2115:France – In 1885, a society called the
2069:Canadian Society for Psychical Research
2062:Austrian Society for Psychical Research
1459:John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh
1233:The following is a list of presidents:
1092:
878:', which was coined by Frederic Myers.
4748:
3722:"History of Parapsychology in Iceland"
3330:Lawrence, E. & Peters, E. (2004).
3185:
3129:A Skeptic's Handbook of Parapsychology
3104:(Secaucus, NJ: Citadel, 1966) 350–352.
2600:. Cambridge University Press. p. 114.
2527:
2475:
2389:
2300:. Cambridge University Press. p. 110.
2280:. Cambridge University Press. p. 276.
2208:Institut suisse des sciences noétiques
2102:Finnish Society for Psychical Research
4138:
3971:The Invention of Telepathy, 1870-1901
3798:
3544:"Austrian Society for Parapsychology"
3312:The Invention of Telepathy: 1870–1901
3298:. Grant Richards, London. pp. 265–301
2580:. Cambridge University Press. p. 16.
2258:The Invention of Telepathy, 1870–1901
2192:Boston Society for Psychical Research
2150:Polish Society for Psychical Research
2110:Suomen parapsykologinen tutkimusseura
2091:Danish Society for Psychical Research
1485:British Journal of Medical Psychology
992:
918:
498:Prizes for evidence of the paranormal
4696:
4440:Institut Métapsychique International
3107:
2117:Société de Psychologie Physiologique
3656:. Metapsychique.org. Archived from
3314:. Oxford University Press. p. 163.
3260:. K. Paul, Trench, Trübner. pp. 8–9
2026:
933:, co-authored by Gurney, Myers and
13:
4501:British College of Psychic Science
4164:
3905:The Founders of Psychical Research
3880:
3156:. Sterling Publishing. pp. 23–24.
3102:An Encyclopedia of Psychic Science
3025:"The Belief in Spirit Photography"
2642:. Society for Psychical Research.
2321:The Founders of Psychical Research
2260:. Oxford University Press. p. 51.
2044:
488:James Randi Educational Foundation
14:
4787:
4771:Organizations established in 1882
4670:Varieties of Anomalous Experience
4614:Journal of Scientific Exploration
4107:
3942:. Society for Psychical Research.
3629:"Selskabet for Psykisk Forskning"
3476:University of the West of England
3235:. Prometheus Books. pp. 161–162.
3131:. Prometheus Books. pp. 161–174.
2060:Austria – Founded in 1927 as the
1582:Robert Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh
1012:and concluded that her claims of
4695:
4684:
4683:
4112:
3504:. Society for Psychical Research
3482:from the original on 13 May 2021
2940:Moreman, Christopher M. (2010).
2846:. Vol. 160, No. 460. pp. 331–344
2440:Societies for Psychical Research
2098:Sällskapet för Psykisk Forskning
3938:Salter, William Henry. (1948).
3868:
3843:
3817:
3792:
3767:
3761:
3739:
3713:
3688:
3672:
3646:
3621:
3564:
3558:
3535:
3516:
3494:
3460:
3400:
3337:
3324:
3301:
3283:
3271:The Age of Synthesis: 1800–1895
3263:
3245:
3222:
3179:
3166:
3143:
3094:
3071:
3038:Spiritualism: A Critical Survey
3030:
3018:
2978:
2955:
2934:
2918:
2909:
2899:. Aquarian Press. pp. 178–180.
2897:Spiritualism: A Critical Survey
2889:
2869:
2849:
2829:
2826:. Vol. 19, No. 110. pp. 234–251
2809:
2789:
2769:
2749:
2726:
2704:
2674:
2649:
2632:
2610:
2590:
2570:
2432:
2087:Selskabet for Psykisk Forskning
2067:Canada – From 1908 to 1916 the
1944:
1239:Society for Psychical Research
1031:in the SPR journal exposed the
473:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
4531:Oxford Phasmatological Society
4521:Metropolitan Psychical Society
4475:Society for Psychical Research
4299:Parapsychology research at SRI
4119:Society for Psychical Research
3928:. London: MacDonald & Co.
3696:"Sálarrannsóknarfélag Íslands"
3413:Society for Psychical Research
3084:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 206.
2682:"Edinburgh University Website"
2413:
2383:
2326:
2310:
2290:
2270:
2247:
2224:
2194:existed from May 1925 to 1941.
2170:(Barcelona, founded in 1923),
2080:Chinese Institute of Mentalism
1189:asserted that the SPR members
1077:and other fraudulent mediums,
864:apparitions and haunted houses
728:Society for Psychical Research
22:Society for Psychical Research
1:
4600:Journal of Near-Death Studies
4460:Parapsychological Association
4309:Plant perception (paranormal)
3987:McCorristine, Shane. (2010).
3897:. London: R. Brimley Johnson.
2855:Williams, William F. (2000).
2618:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
2596:McCorristine, Shane. (2010).
2576:Thurschwell, Pamela. (2004).
2482:History of the Human Sciences
2296:McCorristine, Shane. (2010).
2218:
2213:List of parapsychology topics
2166:(founded in Madrid in 1895),
1228:
427:Reportedly haunted locations:
4496:American Psychical Institute
4455:Koestler Parapsychology Unit
4445:Institute of Noetic Sciences
2132:Sálarrannsóknarfélag Íslands
1101:Criticism from spiritualists
1087:London Spiritualist Alliance
884:Cambridge University Library
761:, first president of the SPR
49:; 142 years ago
7:
4234:Electronic voice phenomenon
3891:Bennett, Edward T. (1903).
2420:"Meetings of the Council".
2201:
1810:Arthur J. Ellison (→ 1976)
1650:(1889–1975), Mathematician
1617:(1879–1952), Mathematician
1615:George Nugent Merle Tyrrell
929:, concerning telepathy and
913:
816:, the renowned chemist Sir
266:Electronic voice phenomenon
10:
4792:
4562:Skeptics of parapsychology
4516:London Dialectical Society
4435:College of Psychic Studies
4014:Cambridge University Press
3993:Cambridge University Press
3909:Routledge & Kegan Paul
3040:. Aquarian Press. p. 115.
2875:Anderson, Rodger. (2006).
2168:Instituto de Metapsiquismo
1832:(1918–2007), Psychiatrist
1606:(1894–1984), Psychologist
1161:The skeptic and physicist
749:
4679:
4607:Journal of Parapsychology
4570:
4557:List of parapsychologists
4549:
4488:
4465:Parapsychology Foundation
4417:
4181:
4172:
3273:. Facts on File. p. 134.
3205:10.1017/S0025727300005597
3036:Edmunds, Simeon. (1966).
2895:Edmunds, Simeon. (1966).
2844:The North American Review
2820:"In Defense of Phantasms"
2546:10.1017/S0025727300005445
2452:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 217–219.
2339:. Aquarian Press. p. 19.
2174:(Madrid, founded in 1924)
2011:, formerly known as the
1761:(1916–1989), Philosopher
1595:(1899–1984), Philosopher
1573:(1887–1971), Philosopher
1238:
910:on-line library project.
805:nor less hotly debated."
139:
129:
119:
109:
99:
81:
71:
61:
43:
35:
26:
16:UK nonprofit organisation
4756:Paranormal organizations
4656:The Roots of Coincidence
4219:Dermo-optical perception
3186:Sommer, Andreas (2011).
3059:Spiritualism and Society
2528:Sommer, Andreas (2011).
2494:10.1177/0952695112439376
2476:Sommer, Andreas (2012).
2399:. Macdonald. p. 5.
2145:was the first president.
2104:) was formed in 1907 by
2053:Australia – In 1977 the
1961:, as well as the online
1843:(b. 1932), Psychologist
1545:Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick
1374:Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick
946:Census of Hallucinations
842:Areas of study included
801:as its first president.
538:Apparitional experiences
4586:Extrasensory Perception
4579:An Experiment with Time
4506:Cambridge Ghost Society
4239:Extrasensory perception
4189:Apparitional experience
3975:Oxford University Press
3952:Cerullo, John. (1982).
3546:. Parapsychologie.ac.at
3524:http://www.aiprinc.org/
3176:. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
3172:Woerlee, G. M. (2011).
2276:Schultz, Bart. (2004).
1739:(1896–1985), Zoologist
1584:(1875–1947), Physicist
1536:(1863–1934), Clergyman
1448:Lawrence Pearsall Jacks
1118:Criticism from skeptics
1073:Due to the exposure of
1043:resigned from the SPR.
926:Phantasms of the Living
596:Argument from ignorance
563:Out-of-body experiences
276:Extrasensory perception
66:Non-profit organisation
4284:Out-of-body experience
3799:Graus, Andrea (2019).
3529:28 August 2011 at the
3502:"The Psi Encyclopedia"
3057:Nelson, G. K. (2013).
2333:Grattan-Guinness, Ivor
2181:) was founded in 1948.
2093:) was founded in 1905.
1949:The Society publishes
1683:(1889–1984), Diplomat
1534:Walter Franklin Prince
1481:Thomas Walker Mitchell
1404:William Boyd Carpenter
1172:
1130:
1060:Édouard Isidore Buguet
762:
736:nonprofit organisation
621:Communal reinforcement
4489:Defunct organizations
4470:Rhine Research Center
4274:Near-death experience
4121:at Wikimedia Commons
3078:Brock, William Hodson
3061:. Routledge. p. 159.
2930:10.1353/aim.2001.0021
2125:Théodule-Armand Ribot
1922:John Poynton (→2004)
1604:Robert Henry Thouless
1167:
1129:, a critic of the SPR
1125:
1048:Alfred Russel Wallace
1035:tricks of the medium
969:cross-correspondences
860:Reichenbach phenomena
757:
601:Argumentum ad populum
533:Anomalous experiences
513:Scientific skepticism
331:Paranormal television
4732:51.49414°N 0.21036°W
4418:Active organizations
4304:Past life regression
3803:. Granada: Comares.
3633:www.parapsykologi.dk
3420:on 18 September 2016
3388:on 18 September 2016
3355:on 18 September 2016
2859:. Routledge. p. 49.
2780:Thought-transference
2760:Thought-transference
1628:(1880–1969), Lawyer
1626:William Henry Salter
1318:Frederic W. H. Myers
1147:Frederic W. H. Myers
1093:Criticism of the SPR
1083:William Hodson Brock
852:thought-transference
830:Lewis Charles Powles
795:Frederic W. H. Myers
616:Cognitive dissonance
611:Begging the question
558:Ideomotor phenomenon
4728: /
4254:Kirlian photography
4244:Ganzfeld experiment
3378:"Paranormal Review"
3252:Tuckett, Ivor Lloyd
2824:The National Review
2371:on 17 February 2010
2037:is a collection of
1906:, Parapsychologist
1681:Guy William Lambert
1211:deductive reasoning
980:Enfield Poltergeist
666:Scientific evidence
508:Scientific literacy
23:
4737:51.49414; -0.21036
4214:Deathbed phenomena
3660:on 8 November 2007
3589:10.1002/jhbs.22236
3408:"Psi Encyclopedia"
3229:Stenger, Victor J.
2137:Netherlands – The
1789:Joseph Banks Rhine
1496:Camille Flammarion
1341:William F. Barrett
1191:William F. Barrett
1175:Ivor Lloyd Tuckett
1131:
1108:Arthur Conan Doyle
1079:Arthur Conan Doyle
1052:spirit photography
993:Exposures of fraud
919:Psychical research
810:Mary Everest Boole
791:Hensleigh Wedgwood
771:William F. Barrett
769:and the physicist
763:
376:Spirit photography
326:Paranormal fiction
246:Demonic possession
21:
4711:
4710:
4329:Psychic detective
4289:Pam Reynolds case
4194:Astral projection
4117:Media related to
3947:Scholarly studies
3810:978-84-9045-898-3
3241:978-0-87975-575-1
3162:978-1-4549-1654-3
2950:978-0-7425-6228-8
2661:www.lib.cam.ac.uk
2606:978-0-521-76798-9
2406:978-0-356-07875-5
2017:Paranormal Review
1959:Paranormal Review
1942:
1941:
1876:(→ 1963, → 1984)
1800:Louisa Ella Rhine
1670:F. J. M. Stratton
1470:William McDougall
1426:F. C. S. Schiller
1163:Victor J. Stenger
1068:William H. Mumler
965:automatic scripts
958:Eusapia Palladino
904:Paranormal Review
902:and the magazine
898:), the irregular
832:and psychologist
824:, Nobel laureate
724:
723:
671:Scientific method
381:Spirit possession
191:Astral projection
162:
161:
4783:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4699:
4698:
4687:
4686:
4628:Life Before Life
4593:Irreducible Mind
4159:
4152:
4145:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4128:Official website
4116:
4094:Prometheus Books
4006:Oppenheim, Janet
3967:Luckhurst, Roger
3875:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3827:. Archived from
3821:
3815:
3814:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3726:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3692:
3686:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3608:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3539:
3533:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3472:people.uwe.ac.uk
3468:"Dr Nicola Holt"
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3439:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3416:. Archived from
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3341:
3335:
3328:
3322:
3308:Luckhurst, Roger
3305:
3299:
3287:
3281:
3267:
3261:
3249:
3243:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3207:
3183:
3177:
3170:
3164:
3147:
3141:
3114:
3105:
3098:
3092:
3075:
3069:
3055:
3049:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3002:Oppenheim, Janet
2999:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2976:
2962:Oppenheim, Janet
2959:
2953:
2938:
2932:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2907:
2893:
2887:
2873:
2867:
2853:
2847:
2833:
2827:
2813:
2807:
2793:
2787:
2773:
2767:
2753:
2747:
2733:Oppenheim, Janet
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2688:. Archived from
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2620:. Etymonline.com
2614:
2608:
2594:
2588:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2557:
2525:
2516:
2515:
2505:
2473:
2460:
2438:Christie, Drew.
2436:
2430:
2429:
2428:(335): 12. 1917.
2417:
2411:
2410:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2367:. Archived from
2357:
2348:
2330:
2324:
2314:
2308:
2294:
2288:
2274:
2268:
2254:Luckhurst, Roger
2251:
2245:
2231:Oppenheim, Janet
2228:
2159:is active today.
2035:Psi Encyclopedia
2028:Psi Encyclopedia
1963:Psi Encyclopedia
1748:W. A. H. Rushton
1236:
1235:
1199:magical thinking
1056:Eleanor Sidgwick
1037:William Eglinton
1010:Helena Blavatsky
872:English language
820:, physicist Sir
716:
709:
702:
606:Bandwagon effect
503:Pseudoskepticism
493:Magical thinking
164:
163:
158:
153:
150:
148:
146:
92:, London W14 0RL
57:
55:
50:
31:
24:
20:
4791:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4746:
4745:
4736:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4707:
4675:
4621:Life After Life
4566:
4545:
4484:
4413:
4374:Sensory leakage
4339:Psychic surgery
4334:Psychic reading
4264:Materialization
4224:Dream telepathy
4177:
4168:
4163:
4126:
4125:
4110:
4073:Alfred A. Knopf
3883:
3881:Further reading
3878:
3873:
3869:
3859:
3857:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3832:
3831:on 10 June 2003
3823:
3822:
3818:
3811:
3797:
3793:
3783:
3781:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3752:
3750:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3724:
3718:
3714:
3704:
3702:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3677:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3637:
3635:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3540:
3536:
3531:Wayback Machine
3521:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3485:
3483:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3389:
3376:
3375:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3329:
3325:
3306:
3302:
3288:
3284:
3268:
3264:
3250:
3246:
3227:
3223:
3216:
3215:978-1845-401238
3192:Medical History
3184:
3180:
3171:
3167:
3148:
3144:
3115:
3108:
3099:
3095:
3076:
3072:
3056:
3052:
3035:
3031:
3027:. Martyn Jolly.
3023:
3019:
3000:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2968:. pp. 175–176.
2960:
2956:
2939:
2935:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2894:
2890:
2874:
2870:
2854:
2850:
2834:
2830:
2814:
2810:
2794:
2790:
2784:National Review
2774:
2770:
2754:
2750:
2739:. pp. 141–142.
2731:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2692:on 3 March 2007
2680:
2679:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2640:"Join the SPR!"
2638:
2637:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2595:
2591:
2575:
2571:
2534:Medical History
2526:
2519:
2474:
2463:
2444:Michael Shermer
2437:
2433:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2331:
2327:
2315:
2311:
2295:
2291:
2275:
2271:
2252:
2248:
2237:. pp. 136–138.
2229:
2225:
2221:
2204:
2155:Scotland – The
2106:Arvi Grotenfelt
2047:
2045:Other societies
2031:
2005:
1987:
1973:
1947:
1904:Deborah Delanoy
1560:Edith Lyttelton
1304:William Crookes
1259:Balfour Stewart
1231:
1151:William Barrett
1120:
1103:
1095:
1064:Frederic Hudson
1018:Vernon Harrison
1008:to investigate
1002:Richard Hodgson
995:
921:
916:
818:William Crookes
752:
720:
691:
690:
586:
578:
577:
548:False awakening
528:
518:
517:
463:
453:
452:
351:Psychic reading
286:Fortune-telling
221:Close encounter
186:
143:
132:
122:
115:Psi researchers
112:
102:
95:
90:West Kensington
88:1 Vernon Mews,
53:
51:
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4789:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4766:Parapsychology
4763:
4758:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4693:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
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4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4480:The Ghost Club
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4399:Thoughtography
4396:
4391:
4386:
4384:Superconscious
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4364:Retrocognition
4361:
4359:Remote viewing
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
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4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4185:
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4179:
4178:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4166:Parapsychology
4162:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4109:
4108:External links
4106:
4105:
4104:
4102:978-0879755041
4083:
4081:978-0394527406
4062:
4055:McCabe, Joseph
4046:
4045:
4043:978-1472139597
4024:
4022:978-0521347679
4003:
4001:978-0521747967
3985:
3983:978-0199249626
3964:
3962:978-0897270281
3944:
3943:
3936:
3934:978-0356078755
3919:
3917:978-0710060679
3898:
3882:
3879:
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3876:
3867:
3842:
3816:
3809:
3791:
3766:
3760:
3738:
3712:
3687:
3671:
3645:
3620:
3583:(2): 193–216.
3563:
3557:
3542:Peter Mulacz.
3534:
3515:
3493:
3459:
3447:www.iapsop.com
3431:
3399:
3366:
3336:
3323:
3320:978-0199249626
3300:
3282:
3279:978-0816048533
3262:
3244:
3221:
3214:
3198:(3): 433–435.
3178:
3165:
3142:
3117:Dingwall, Eric
3106:
3100:Nandor Fodor,
3093:
3090:978-0754663225
3070:
3067:978-0415714624
3050:
3046:978-0850300130
3029:
3017:
3014:978-0521347679
2991:
2977:
2974:978-0521347679
2954:
2933:
2917:
2908:
2905:978-0850300130
2888:
2885:978-0786427703
2868:
2848:
2836:Podmore, Frank
2828:
2816:Podmore, Frank
2808:
2806:, 13, 415–417.
2796:Gurney, Edmund
2788:
2776:Gurney, Edmund
2768:
2756:Gurney, Edmund
2748:
2745:978-0521347679
2725:
2714:. Lexscien.org
2703:
2673:
2648:
2631:
2609:
2589:
2569:
2540:(3): 383–388.
2517:
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2309:
2306:978-0521747967
2289:
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2269:
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2246:
2243:978-0521347679
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2199:
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2143:Gerard Heymans
2135:
2128:
2121:Charles Richet
2113:
2094:
2083:
2076:
2065:
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2046:
2043:
2030:
2025:
2013:Psi Researcher
2004:
1999:
1986:
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1278:
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1270:Henry Sidgwick
1267:
1266:1888–92
1263:
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1252:
1251:
1248:Henry Sidgwick
1245:
1244:1882–84
1241:
1240:
1230:
1227:
1180:Trevor H. Hall
1156:self-criticism
1143:Henry Sidgwick
1127:Trevor H. Hall
1119:
1116:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1070:had utilised.
1041:Stainton Moses
994:
991:
976:Borley Rectory
920:
917:
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912:
888:Cambridgeshire
826:Charles Richet
799:Henry Sidgwick
783:Charles Massey
779:Stainton Moses
759:Henry Sidgwick
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101:Region served
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76:Parapsychology
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4379:Spoon bending
4377:
4375:
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4354:Reincarnation
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4074:
4070:
4066:
4065:Brandon, Ruth
4063:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4027:Ruickbie, Leo
4025:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
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4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
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3955:
3951:
3950:
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3941:
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3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3922:Haynes, Renee
3920:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3886:SPR histories
3871:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3812:
3806:
3802:
3795:
3780:
3776:
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3764:
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3730:
3723:
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3697:
3691:
3685:
3684:2-930111-00-3
3681:
3675:
3659:
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3649:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3598:
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3497:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3387:
3383:
3382:www.spr.ac.uk
3379:
3373:
3371:
3354:
3350:
3349:www.spr.ac.uk
3346:
3340:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3290:Clodd, Edward
3286:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3225:
3217:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3138:
3137:0-87975-300-5
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3111:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3068:
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3054:
3047:
3043:
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3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
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2927:
2921:
2912:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2865:1-57958-207-9
2862:
2858:
2852:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2805:
2801:
2797:
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2772:
2765:
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2713:
2707:
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2645:
2641:
2635:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2586:0-521-80168-0
2583:
2579:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2556:
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2535:
2531:
2524:
2522:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2459:
2458:1-57607-653-9
2455:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2408:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2391:Haynes, Renée
2386:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2361:"SPR website"
2356:
2354:
2346:
2345:0-85030-316-8
2342:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2322:
2318:
2313:
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2196:
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2189:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2148:Poland – The
2147:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2103:
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2077:
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2070:
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2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1917:
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1905:
1902:
1899:
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1894:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1863:David Fontana
1861:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1830:Ian Stevenson
1828:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1798:
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1738:
1737:Alister Hardy
1734:
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1715:
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1580:
1577:
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1555:
1554:
1550:
1547:(→ 1908) and
1546:
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1535:
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1529:
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1516:
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1292:William James
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1222:Eric Dingwall
1218:
1216:
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1208:
1207:psychological
1203:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1165:has written:
1164:
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1139:Eric Dingwall
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1033:slate writing
1030:
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1021:
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987:Sigmund Freud
983:
981:
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966:
961:
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950:
947:
944:In 1894, the
942:
938:
936:
935:Frank Podmore
932:
928:
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911:
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834:William James
831:
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792:
788:
787:Edmund Gurney
784:
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767:Edmund Rogers
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416:Table-turning
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361:Reincarnation
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341:Preternatural
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4635:Mental Radio
4633:
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4605:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4571:Publications
4474:
4369:Second sight
4319:Precognition
4209:Clairvoyance
4111:
4089:
4068:
4058:
4048:
4047:
4030:
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3953:
3946:
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3904:
3893:
3885:
3884:
3870:
3858:. Retrieved
3855:www.aspr.com
3854:
3845:
3833:. Retrieved
3829:the original
3819:
3800:
3794:
3782:. Retrieved
3778:
3769:
3763:
3753:10 September
3751:. Retrieved
3749:. Parapsy.nl
3741:
3732:
3728:
3715:
3703:. Retrieved
3699:
3690:
3674:
3664:10 September
3662:. Retrieved
3658:the original
3648:
3636:. Retrieved
3632:
3623:
3580:
3576:
3566:
3560:
3550:10 September
3548:. Retrieved
3537:
3518:
3506:. Retrieved
3496:
3484:. Retrieved
3471:
3462:
3450:. Retrieved
3446:
3422:. Retrieved
3418:the original
3412:
3411:
3402:
3390:. Retrieved
3386:the original
3381:
3357:. Retrieved
3353:the original
3348:
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3326:
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2786:, 9, 437–439
2783:
2771:
2763:
2751:
2736:
2728:
2718:10 September
2716:. Retrieved
2706:
2694:. Retrieved
2690:the original
2685:
2676:
2664:. Retrieved
2660:
2651:
2643:
2634:
2624:10 September
2622:. Retrieved
2612:
2597:
2592:
2577:
2572:
2537:
2533:
2488:(2): 23–44.
2485:
2481:
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2425:
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2373:. Retrieved
2369:the original
2364:
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2131:
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2109:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2078:China – The
2068:
2061:
2057:was founded.
2054:
2048:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2021:Leo Ruickbie
2016:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2001:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1945:Publications
1885:Bernard Carr
1549:Oliver Lodge
1515:Hans Driesch
1484:
1330:Oliver Lodge
1308:Crookes tube
1232:
1219:
1204:
1195:Oliver Lodge
1187:Edward Clodd
1184:
1173:
1168:
1160:
1132:
1112:Nandor Fodor
1104:
1096:
1075:William Hope
1072:
1045:
1022:
1000:
996:
984:
973:
962:
954:Eva Carrière
951:
945:
943:
939:
924:
922:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
880:
848:dissociation
841:
838:
822:Oliver Lodge
807:
803:
764:
731:
727:
725:
686:Urban legend
676:Superstition
656:Protoscience
651:Junk science
591:Anomalistics
468:Cold reading
426:
425:
401:Supernatural
391:Spiritualism
386:Spirit world
336:Precognition
256:Doppelgänger
216:Clairvoyance
111:Membership
62:Legal status
36:Abbreviation
18:
4735: /
4409:Zener cards
4389:Telekinesis
4349:Pyrokinesis
4344:Psychometry
4314:Poltergeist
3901:Gauld, Alan
3735:(1): 29–50.
3150:Grant, John
2758:. (1887).
2071:existed in
1995:Proceedings
1977:Proceedings
1770:John Beloff
1714:E. R. Dodds
1703:H. H. Price
1692:C. D. Broad
1648:Samuel Soal
1593:H. H. Price
1571:C. D. Broad
1393:Andrew Lang
931:apparitions
900:Proceedings
874:, such as '
814:Jane Barlow
681:Uncertainty
406:Telekinesis
356:Psychometry
236:Conjuration
135:SPR Council
4750:Categories
4720:51°29′39″N
4404:Xenoglossy
4294:Paranormal
4269:Mediumship
4259:Levitation
4204:Bilocation
4088:. (1989).
4086:Hyman, Ray
4067:. (1983).
4057:. (1920).
4029:. (2018).
4008:. (1988).
3969:. (2002).
3924:. (1982).
3903:. (1968).
3705:5 February
3452:19 October
3292:. (1917).
3254:. (1911).
3125:Paul Kurtz
3080:. (2008).
3004:. (1988).
2964:. (1988).
2838:. (1895).
2818:. (1892).
2798:. (1888).
2778:. (1887).
2766:, 233–235.
2735:. (1988).
2446:. (2002).
2335:. (1982).
2317:Alan Gauld
2256:. (2002).
2233:. (1988).
2219:References
2130:Iceland –
2096:Finland –
2085:Denmark –
1957:, and the
1852:Archie Roy
1841:Alan Gauld
1229:Presidents
1135:John Grant
856:mediumship
744:paranormal
641:Groupthink
461:Skepticism
396:Stone Tape
301:Mediumship
251:Demonology
206:Bilocation
177:Paranormal
131:Main organ
4723:0°12′37″W
4394:Telepathy
4229:Ectoplasm
4049:Criticism
3597:0022-5061
3345:"Journal"
2365:spr.ac.uk
1821:(→ 1963)
1705:(→ 1939)
1694:(→ 1935)
1661:(→ 1915)
1551:(→ 1901)
1046:In 1891,
876:telepathy
844:hypnotism
828:, artist
478:Debunking
411:Telepathy
261:Ectoplasm
226:Cold spot
196:Astrology
121:President
105:Worldwide
44:Formation
4690:Category
4035:Robinson
3860:23 March
3784:23 March
3638:23 March
3615:36345211
3527:Archived
3480:Archived
3310:(2002).
3231:(1990).
3152:(2015).
3119:(1985).
2696:23 March
2686:ed.ac.uk
2666:23 March
2564:21792265
2512:23355763
2393:(1982).
2375:23 March
2202:See also
2162:Spain –
1487:1920–35
1215:ideation
1029:Sidgwick
978:and the
914:Research
908:LEXSCIEN
808:In 1882
646:Hypnosis
553:Hypnosis
281:Forteana
271:Exorcism
169:a series
167:Part of
82:Location
4702:Commons
4324:Psychic
4175:Outline
3835:2 March
3606:7614841
3508:16 July
2764:Science
2555:3143882
2503:3552602
2073:Toronto
1927:2018–21
1919:2015–18
1911:2011–15
1900:2007–11
1892:2004–07
1881:2000–04
1870:1998–99
1859:1995–98
1848:1993–95
1837:1992–93
1826:1988–89
1815:1984–88
1807:1981–83
1777:1976–79
1766:1974–76
1755:1971–74
1744:1969–71
1732:1965–69
1721:1963–65
1710:1960–63
1699:1960–61
1688:1958–60
1677:1956–58
1666:1953–55
1644:1950–51
1622:1947–48
1611:1945–46
1600:1942–44
1589:1939–41
1578:1937–38
1567:1935–36
1556:1933–34
1530:1930–31
1522:1928–29
1511:1926–27
1503:1924–25
1466:1920–21
1444:1917–18
1433:1915–16
1370:1908–09
1359:1906–07
1325:1901–03
1299:1896–99
1288:1894–95
1255:1885–87
1205:A 2004
1185:Writer
1025:Hodgson
1014:psychic
868:séances
750:Origins
740:psychic
734:) is a
626:Fallacy
585:Related
421:Ufology
346:Psychic
306:Miracle
140:Website
72:Purpose
52: (
4550:People
4249:Ghosts
4182:Topics
4100:
4079:
4041:
4020:
3999:
3981:
3960:
3932:
3915:
3807:
3775:"sspr"
3682:
3613:
3603:
3595:
3486:1 July
3424:2 July
3392:3 July
3359:3 July
3318:
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2403:
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2284:
2264:
2241:
1953:, the
1149:, and
543:Empath
311:Occult
171:on the
4199:Auras
3725:(PDF)
3123:. In
2442:. In
2100:(The
2089:(The
1935:2021–
1006:India
448:World
433:India
321:Ouija
296:Magic
4098:ISBN
4077:ISBN
4039:ISBN
4018:ISBN
3997:ISBN
3979:ISBN
3958:ISBN
3930:ISBN
3913:ISBN
3862:2018
3837:2010
3805:ISBN
3786:2018
3779:sspr
3755:2011
3707:2015
3680:ISBN
3666:2011
3640:2018
3611:PMID
3593:ISSN
3552:2011
3510:2020
3488:2023
3454:2017
3426:2023
3394:2023
3361:2023
3316:ISBN
3275:ISBN
3237:ISBN
3210:ISBN
3158:ISBN
3133:ISBN
3086:ISBN
3063:ISBN
3042:ISBN
3010:ISBN
2970:ISBN
2946:ISBN
2901:ISBN
2881:ISBN
2861:ISBN
2804:Mind
2741:ISBN
2720:2011
2698:2018
2668:2018
2626:2011
2602:ISBN
2582:ISBN
2560:PMID
2508:PMID
2454:ISBN
2401:ISBN
2377:2018
2341:ISBN
2302:ISBN
2282:ISBN
2262:ISBN
2239:ISBN
2033:The
2015:and
2007:The
1989:The
1796:1980
1785:1980
1735:Sir
1655:1952
1633:1949
1541:1932
1492:1923
1477:1922
1455:1919
1422:1914
1411:1913
1400:1912
1389:1911
1381:1910
1348:1905
1337:1904
1328:Sir
1314:1900
1302:Sir
1277:1893
1193:and
1137:and
1066:and
1027:and
956:and
896:JSPR
793:and
726:The
483:Hoax
201:Aura
147:.spr
54:1882
47:1882
4279:Orb
3601:PMC
3585:doi
3200:doi
2926:doi
2550:PMC
2542:doi
2498:PMC
2490:doi
742:or
732:SPR
316:Orb
151:.uk
149:.ac
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