72:
53:
346:
240:
44:
6357:
632:
29:
695:
6368:
6388:
1280:
6398:
6378:
6347:
796:
698:
700:
1149:. Benzoic acid is generally not used directly due to its poor water solubility. Concentration as a food preservative is limited by the FDA in the U.S. to 0.1% by weight. Sodium benzoate is also allowed as an animal food additive at up to 0.1%, per the Association of American Feed Control Officials. Sodium benzoate has been replaced by
699:
1370:
for drinking water. Most of the beverages that tested above the limit have been reformulated and subsequently tested below the safety limit. Heat, light and shelf life can increase the rate at which benzene is formed. Hot peppers naturally contain vitamin C ("nearly as much as in one orange") so the
1395:
behavior and other ADHD symptoms. The results were inconsistent regarding sodium benzoate, so the FSA recommended further study. The Food
Standards Agency concluded that the observed increases in hyperactive behavior, if real, were more likely to be linked to the artificial colors than to sodium
1400:, said: "The results suggest that consumption of certain mixtures of artificial food colours and sodium benzoate preservative are associated with increases in hyperactive behaviour in children. . . . Many other influences are at work but this at least is one a child can avoid."
5977:
1188:
due to its ability to bind amino acids. This leads to excretion of these amino acids and a decrease in ammonia levels. Recent research shows that sodium benzoate may be beneficial as an add-on therapy (1 gram/day) in
2585:
varied between 17.2 and 28.8 mg.kg-1.h-1 among the six individuals, the mean value (23.0 mg.kg-1.h-1) was fairly close to that provided by daily maximum dose (0.5 g.kg-1.day-1) recommended in the treatment of
2393:
640:
1035:
4405:
612:
5972:
1359:. In 2006, the Food and Drug Administration tested 100 beverages available in the United States that contained both ascorbic acid and benzoate. Four had benzene levels that were above the 5
1745:
Häberle J, Boddaert N, Burlina A, Chakrapani A, Dixon M, Huemer M, Karall D, Martinelli D, Crespo PS, Santer R, Servais A, Valayannopoulos V, Lindner M, Rubio V, Dionisi-Vici C (2012).
1557:
del Olmo A, Calzada J, Nuñez M (20 November 2015). "Benzoic acid and its derivatives as naturally occurring compounds in foods and as additives: Uses, exposure, and controversy".
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4398:
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1619:
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1824:
6140:
4391:
709:
2248:
2221:
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2207:
1173:
587:
3709:
6105:
2121:
Cosmetic
Ingredient Review Expert Panel Bindu Nair (2001). "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate".
4644:
4310:
3567:
3541:
809:
6135:
5591:
4705:
6095:
1907:
Yücel A, Ozyalçin S, Talu GK, Yücel EC, Erdine S (1999). "Intravenous administration of caffeine sodium benzoate for postdural puncture headache".
4323:
723:
2513:
5272:
2343:
6027:
6280:
5994:
4223:
2547:
Kubota K, Ishizaki T (1991). "Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of benzoic acid following oral administration of sodium benzoate to humans".
1299:. The International Programme on Chemical Safety found no adverse effects in humans at doses of 647–825 mg/kg of body weight per day.
395:
2367:
6218:
4859:
3665:
2324:
2632:
2509:
2282:
716:
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1831:
Add-on
Treatment of Benzoate for Schizophrenia A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of d-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitor
6100:
5962:
6070:
1869:
928:
2601:
2451:
1856:
1733:... the preservative used in the study, sodium benzoate, has been replaced by potassium sorbate in the majority of soft drinks.
1446:
2418:
6061:
6009:
5914:
1965:
6401:
6264:
6075:
6004:
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5748:
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6228:
6193:
6178:
6160:
6085:
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1641:
360:
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toppings. It is also used as a preservative in medicines and cosmetics. Under these conditions it is converted into
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6110:
6041:
6036:
3994:
2414:
1843:
816:
6213:
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6242:
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2625:
43:
6440:
6018:
5408:
5258:
5152:
3778:
3746:
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6247:
2483:
1518:
1296:
1292:
1165:
668:
303:
235:
6445:
6301:
5999:
5957:
5311:
5157:
4494:
4027:
3421:
3201:
2315:
1870:"Cinnamon May Help Halt Parkinson's Disease Progression - News Releases - Rush University Medical Center"
1216:
324:
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3389:
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decreases sharply, which inhibits the growth and survival of microorganisms that cause food spoilage.
6326:
6046:
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2618:
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1363:
1326:
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71:
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746:
341:
1830:
6168:
6080:
5521:
5396:
4746:
4690:
4680:
4507:
3463:
1691:
Saltmarsh M (15 March 2015). "Recent trends in the use of food additives in the United
Kingdom".
1441:
1317:
which is then excreted. The metabolic pathway for this begins with the conversion of benzoate by
1244:
2364:
6435:
6236:
6156:
6051:
5874:
5753:
3286:
3226:
3213:
1505:
1424:
1414:
1397:
1342:
1169:
1089:
Sodium benzoate can act as a food preservative. It is most widely used in acidic foods such as
2321:
1952:
1541:
52:
28:
6258:
6208:
6203:
5947:
5695:
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4441:
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1991:
1664:
1409:
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654:
624:
1883:
1600:
6425:
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5514:
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4255:
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1700:
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312:
217:
88:
58:
8:
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3926:
3910:
3846:
3629:
3587:
3546:
3512:
3254:
3242:
2869:
2762:
2097:"Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 26: Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate"
1318:
1268:
1260:
1185:
177:
133:
123:
6387:
2164:
Bedford PG, Clarke EG (January 1972). "Experimental benzoic acid poisoning in the cat".
1704:
345:
239:
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5942:
5884:
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5440:
5220:
5013:
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2189:
2146:
2055:
2030:
1773:
1746:
1582:
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1360:
1352:
1371:
observation about beverages applies to pepper sauces containing sodium benzoate, like
6316:
6125:
5811:
5445:
5430:
5412:
5326:
4948:
4890:
4868:
4715:
4604:
4524:
4170:
4129:
4083:
3693:
3600:
3579:
3528:
3472:
3354:
3114:
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3010:
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2458:
2181:
2138:
2060:
2011:
1924:
1920:
1889:
1813:
1778:
1724:
1716:
1586:
1574:
1228:
1150:
892:
840:
62:
2542:
International
Programme on Chemical Safety - Benzoic Acid and Sodium Benzoate report
2150:
5967:
5879:
5859:
5707:
5677:
5293:
5078:
4685:
4656:
4415:
4056:
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3858:
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3754:
3725:
3637:
3381:
3122:
2986:
2978:
2935:
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2781:
2743:
2641:
2576:
2556:
2193:
2173:
2130:
2050:
2042:
2003:
1916:
1805:
1768:
1758:
1708:
1566:
1388:
1256:
916:
876:
856:
598:
501:
418:
276:
34:
2425:
2120:
1570:
6183:
5889:
5851:
5821:
5600:
5465:
5450:
5374:
5341:
5087:
5057:
5052:
4981:
4695:
4661:
4621:
4591:
4586:
4336:
4109:
4096:
4065:
3834:
3681:
3318:
3306:
3102:
3090:
2882:
2874:
2849:
2795:
2767:
2731:
2690:
2675:
2662:
2605:
2587:
2371:
2347:
2328:
1247:, a powder that emits a whistling noise when compressed into a tube and ignited.
1161:
1110:
912:
6391:
1809:
6306:
5470:
5435:
5331:
5225:
5207:
5116:
5023:
4821:
4710:
4700:
4451:
4186:
4145:
4078:
3886:
3802:
3649:
3595:
3554:
3536:
3153:
3145:
2966:
2954:
2911:
2903:
2815:
2753:
2706:
2680:
1747:"Suggested guidelines for the diagnosis and management of urea cycle disorders"
1255:
The mechanism starts with the absorption of benzoic acid into the cell. If the
1205:
1154:
1090:
787:
2134:
1941:
1336:
1160:
In the 19th century, sodium benzoate as a food ingredient was investigated by
773:
6419:
6311:
5831:
5639:
5500:
5480:
5391:
5356:
4751:
4673:
4461:
4285:
3737:
2927:
2685:
2582:
2389:
2015:
1720:
1501:
1348:
1314:
1288:
1190:
1134:
1106:
1073:
490:
255:
228:
6361:
6321:
5836:
5657:
5649:
5619:
5490:
5475:
5321:
5189:
5103:
5028:
4872:
4826:
4811:
4806:
4564:
4549:
4466:
4423:
4272:
4048:
2832:
2824:
2722:
2142:
2007:
1893:
1817:
1782:
1763:
1728:
1578:
1138:
880:
852:
836:
593:
4935:
4837:
2568:
2185:
2064:
1928:
1888:. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 2012.
722:
6351:
5937:
5894:
5826:
5806:
5783:
5758:
5562:
5557:
5535:
5528:
5485:
5455:
5425:
5281:
5167:
5132:
5122:
5047:
4903:
4796:
4638:
4609:
4559:
4517:
4471:
3401:
2591:
2322:
Food
Standards Agency issues revised advice on certain artificial colours
2029:
Krebs H. A., Wiggins D., Stubbs M., Sols A., Bedoya F. (September 1983).
1392:
1322:
1146:
1126:
1118:
1094:
735:
571:
4413:
2449:
1796:
Wilcken B (2004). "Problems in the management of urea cycle disorders".
708:
6152:
5904:
5869:
5798:
5585:
5460:
5420:
5289:
5250:
5239:
5197:
5127:
5108:
4943:
4771:
4736:
4626:
4614:
4545:
4499:
4489:
4432:
4419:
4353:
2560:
2177:
1372:
1302:
Cats have a significantly lower tolerance against benzoic acid and its
1224:
1102:
715:
567:
551:
535:
518:
449:
208:
2508:
2046:
1712:
6198:
5909:
5841:
5816:
5778:
5743:
5735:
5717:
5702:
5690:
5634:
5611:
5579:
5574:
5364:
5234:
5215:
5018:
4976:
4953:
4932:
4921:
4881:
4801:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4741:
4669:
4456:
2028:
1240:
1220:
1130:
1057:
1053:
1543:
Introductory
Organic Chemistry with Certain Chapters of Biochemistry
786:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
6173:
5763:
5712:
5568:
5508:
5336:
5306:
5097:
5064:
5039:
5004:
4999:
4958:
2610:
1309:
The human body rapidly clears sodium benzoate by combining it with
1212:
1122:
1061:
1044:
Many foods are natural sources of benzoic acid, its salts, and its
844:
681:
539:
528:
247:
2581:
Although the maximum rate of biotransformation of benzoic acid to
156:
5629:
5346:
5316:
5144:
4991:
4898:
4512:
4446:
2487:
1356:
1310:
1279:
1264:
1098:
1065:
920:
896:
555:
524:
480:
263:
1744:
369:
InChI=1S/C7H6O2.Na/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6;/h1-5H,(H,8,9);/q;+1/p-1
5773:
5731:
5301:
5230:
4481:
2031:"Studies on the mechanism of the antifungal action of benzoate"
900:
379:
InChI=1/C7H6O2.Na/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6;/h1-5H,(H,8,9);/q;+1/p-1
188:
1942:
mayoclinic.org, Caffeine And Sodium
Benzoate (Injection Route)
1846:. Institute of Living. 16 April 2018 – via Google Books.
875:
Sodium benzoate is commonly produced by the neutralization of
5727:
5379:
4651:
3480:
1303:
1114:
1069:
1049:
1045:
287:
168:
146:
6346:
2413:
1030:{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H5COONa + NaOH -> C6H6 + Na2CO3}}}
329:
1337:
Association with benzene in soft drinks & pepper sauces
660:
470:
1859:, University of Michigan. Mental Health Research Institute
5624:
1989:
1023:
1010:
994:
981:
956:
943:
77:
Ball-and-stick model of packing in the crystal structure
1219:, respiratory depression associated with overdosage of
1906:
855:. It appears as a white crystalline chemical with the
1391:, when paired with sodium benzoate, may be linked to
1174:
early history of food regulation in the United States
931:
248:
2279:"Data on Benzene in Soft Drinks and Other Beverages"
1556:
6106:
2024 United
Kingdom Shigatoxigenic E. coli outbreak
2365:
Agency revises advice on certain artificial colours
1857:
Mental Health
Research Institute Staff Publications
1383:Research published, including in 2007 for the UK's
1396:benzoate. The report's author, Jim Stevenson from
1056:can be rich sources, particularly berries such as
1029:
2206:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1953:ebi.ac.uk, CHEBI:32140 - sodium caffeine benzoate
1250:
6417:
1283:1909 Heinz advertisement against sodium benzoate
891:COOH), which is itself produced commercially by
275:
697:
132:
2546:
2450:British Pharmacopoeia Commission Secretariat.
2334:
1966:"The pyrotechnic whistle and its applications"
1693:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
1559:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
1511:
5266:
4853:
4399:
2626:
2163:
6281:Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition
6096:2017–2018 South African listeriosis outbreak
5995:1985 Austrian diethylene glycol wine scandal
2079:"CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21"
1519:"International Programme on Chemical Safety"
6219:United Kingdom food information regulations
4867:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1197:scores dropped by 21% compared to placebo.
1184:Sodium benzoate is used as a treatment for
5273:
5259:
4860:
4846:
4406:
4392:
2633:
2619:
2510:The United States Pharmacopeial Convention
2374:, Food Standards Agency, 11 September 2007
2283:United States Food and Drug Administration
1659:AAFCO (2004). "Official Publication": 262.
344:
238:
216:
6057:2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak
2388:
2054:
1772:
1762:
1690:
1378:
311:
6101:2018 Australian strawberry contamination
5963:Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident
5280:
2116:
2114:
1990:Verbovytskyy Y, Juknelevicius D (2023).
1539:
1463:
1278:
6071:2011 United States listeriosis outbreak
1795:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1351:(vitamin C, E300), sodium benzoate and
1164:with his 'Poison Squad' as part of the
465:white or colourless crystalline powder
340:
6418:
6086:2015 Mozambique funeral beer poisoning
5663:Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
2273:
2271:
1642:"Code of Federal Regulations Title 21"
1447:List of investigational antipsychotics
1153:in the majority of soft drinks in the
754:500 °C (932 °F; 773 K)
740:100 °C (212 °F; 373 K)
495:410 °C (770 °F; 683 K)
229:
5254:
4841:
4387:
2614:
2484:"Japanese Pharmacopoeia 15th Edition"
2476:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2255:. Technische Universität Braunschweig
2228:. Technische Universität Braunschweig
2111:
1996:Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics
1658:
1546:. The Blakistan Company. p. 236.
1179:
1039:
372:Key: WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M
196:
176:
6377:
6265:Institute for Food Safety and Health
6005:Australian meat substitution scandal
5973:Moroccan oil poisoning disaster 1959
5749:Arsenic contamination of groundwater
2640:
2502:
2309:"Is hot sauce good for your health?"
1862:
1844:"Digest of Neurology and Psychiatry"
1490:
1403:
1274:
1195:Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
1084:
597:
6397:
6253:Food Information and Control Agency
2443:
2268:
1992:"Pyrotechnic whistles: An overview"
1291:, sodium benzoate is designated as
382:Key: WXMKPNITSTVMEF-REWHXWOFAY
266:
13:
2590:in patients with inborn errors of
2407:
2377:
1684:
693:
14:
6457:
6270:International Food Safety Network
6194:International Food Safety Network
5915:Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
5865:Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein
5592:Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic
2535:
1963:
1798:Molecular Genetics and Metabolism
1751:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
6396:
6386:
6376:
6367:
6366:
6355:
6345:
6275:Ministry of Food and Drug Safety
6111:Kobayashi red yeast rice scandal
6042:2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak
6037:ICA meat repackaging controversy
2415:Therapeutic Goods Administration
2341:Food Colorings and Hyperactivity
1921:10.1097/00115550-199924010-00010
1239:Sodium benzoate is also used in
794:
630:
430:
70:
51:
42:
27:
6214:Quality Assurance International
6121:Food safety incidents in Taiwan
6091:2017 Brazil Operation Weak Meat
5985:1971 Iraq poison grain disaster
5900:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
2599:Safety data for sodium benzoate
2301:
2241:
2214:
2157:
2089:
2071:
2022:
1983:
1957:
1946:
1935:
1900:
1885:PHENYLBUTYRATE, SODIUM BENZOATE
1876:
1850:
1836:
1789:
1738:
1368:Environmental Protection Agency
1325:, which is then metabolized by
790:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
6243:European Food Safety Authority
6116:Food safety incidents in China
5953:1858 Bradford sweets poisoning
5920:Water fluoridation controversy
2180:(inactive 11 September 2024).
1652:
1634:
1612:
1593:
1550:
1533:
1321:into an intermediate product,
1251:Mechanism of food preservation
968:
439:
436:
424:
1:
2285:. 16 May 2007. Archived from
1571:10.1080/10408398.2015.1087964
1457:
1234:
870:
6248:Food and Drug Administration
5930:Food contamination incidents
1609:National Library of Medicine
1387:(FSA) suggests that certain
1297:Food and Drug Administration
1293:generally recognized as safe
1211:Sodium benzoate, along with
1200:Sodium benzoate, along with
1166:US Department of Agriculture
906:
546:7.55 g/100 g (66.2 °C)
513:74.2 g/100 mL (100 °C)
7:
6302:Food and drink prohibitions
6076:Bihar school meal poisoning
6000:United Kingdom BSE outbreak
5958:1900 English beer poisoning
5312:Antibiotic use in livestock
4495:phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
2514:"Revisions to USP 29–NF 24"
2350:"Myomancy" 7 September 2007
2249:"glycine N-acyltransferase"
1810:10.1016/j.ymgme.2003.10.016
1435:
1217:postdural puncture headache
762:or concentration (LD, LC):
511:62.87 g/100 mL (30 °C)
509:62.84 g/100 mL (15 °C)
10:
6462:
6297:Curing (food preservation)
5370:Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
1620:"Robitussin (Guaifenesin)"
1508:. Retrieved on 2014-05-23.
1430:United States Pharmacopeia
1340:
507:62.65 g/100 mL (0 °C)
6340:
6327:Genetically modified food
6289:
6227:
6179:Food labeling regulations
6151:
6047:2008 Chinese milk scandal
5928:
5850:
5797:
5726:
5676:
5648:
5610:
5499:
5407:
5355:
5288:
5206:
5188:
5166:
5143:
5086:
5077:
5037:
5024:Methylthioninium chloride
4990:
4969:Liver functional capacity
4967:
4931:
4912:
4889:
4880:
4724:
4480:
4431:
4047:
3366:
3138:
2947:
2862:
2808:
2699:
2655:
2648:
2135:10.1080/10915810152630729
1364:Maximum Contaminant Level
1259:falls to 5 or lower, the
784:
758:
611:
606:
580:
576:0.818 mg/kg (25 °C)
562:8.3 g/100 g (78 °C)
544:8.22 g/100 g (15 °C)
411:
391:
356:
116:
99:
87:
82:
69:
50:
41:
26:
6189:Food safety in Australia
5385:High-fructose corn syrup
2604:11 December 2011 at the
1064:. Other sources include
669:Precautionary statements
560:2.3 g/100 g (25 °C)
6169:Acceptable daily intake
6081:2013 horse meat scandal
5522:Clostridium perfringens
4747:Glycerol phenylbutyrate
4691:eladocagene exuparvovec
4681:atidarsagene autotemcel
4508:Carbohydrate metabolism
2549:Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol
2327:6 December 2011 at the
1442:Acceptable daily intake
1168:. This led to the 1906
1079:
911:Sodium benzoate can be
780:4100 mg/kg (oral, rat)
6237:Centre for Food Safety
6052:2008 Irish pork crisis
5754:Benzene in soft drinks
5168:Fertility disturbances
5014:Cation exchange resins
2083:www.accessdata.fda.gov
2008:10.1002/prep.202300044
1764:10.1186/1750-1172-7-32
1672:Cite journal requires
1646:www.accessdata.fda.gov
1425:Japanese Pharmacopoeia
1415:European Pharmacopoeia
1398:Southampton University
1379:ADHD and hyperactivity
1343:Benzene in soft drinks
1284:
1261:anaerobic fermentation
1170:Pure Food and Drug Act
1031:
835:is the sodium salt of
704:
6259:Food Standards Agency
6209:Organic certification
6204:Nutrition facts label
5948:Esing Bakery incident
5736:environment pollution
5240:Phenolsulfonphthalein
4792:Sodium phenylbutyrate
4786:+sodium phenylacetate
4634:iduronate-2-sulfatase
2419:"Chemical Substances"
2370:12 April 2012 at the
2222:"butyrate-CoA ligase"
1410:British Pharmacopoeia
1385:Food Standards Agency
1282:
1172:, a key event in the
1032:
703:
6441:Organic sodium salts
6028:2006 North American
5686:Acesulfame potassium
5515:Campylobacter jejuni
5409:Intestinal parasites
5282:Consumer food safety
4597:Pegunigalsidase alfa
4538:Cipaglucosidase alfa
4534:Avalglucosidase alfa
1420:Food Chemicals Codex
1347:In combination with
1333:into hippuric acid.
1306:than rats and mice.
1186:urea cycle disorders
929:
686:(fire diamond)
89:Preferred IUPAC name
59:Ball-and-stick model
6332:Conspiracy theories
5885:Heterocyclic amines
5789:Shellfish poisoning
5040:pancreatic function
5019:Histamine phosphate
4982:Sulfobromophthalein
4582:alpha-galactosidase
2346:20 May 2023 at the
2035:Biochemical Journal
1909:Reg Anesth Pain Med
1804:(Suppl 1): S86–91.
1705:2015JSFA...95..649S
1540:Wertheim E (1942).
1319:butyrate-CoA ligase
1269:phosphofructokinase
1215:, is used to treat
1204:, is used to treat
1025:
1012:
996:
983:
958:
945:
919:and heat, yielding
839:, widely used as a
502:Solubility in water
457: g·mol
23:
6446:E-number additives
5990:Toxic oil syndrome
5943:Swill milk scandal
5769:Diethylstilbestrol
5441:Diphyllobothriasis
5221:Aminohippuric acid
4817:Uridine triacetate
4732:Anethole trithione
4575:Velaglucerase alfa
4570:Taliglucerase alfa
4555:glucocerebrosidase
4530:Alglucosidase alfa
2561:10.1007/BF00314969
2311:. 4 November 2016.
2289:on 12 January 2017
2178:10.1136/vr.90.3.53
2129:(Suppl 3): 23–50.
1452:Potassium benzoate
1353:potassium benzoate
1285:
1180:In pharmaceuticals
1040:Natural occurrence
1027:
1013:
1000:
984:
971:
946:
933:
817:Infobox references
705:
523:soluble in liquid
21:
6410:
6409:
6317:Food preservation
6126:Foodborne illness
5678:Sugar substitutes
5431:Cryptosporidiosis
5413:parasitic disease
5327:HGH controversies
5294:food contaminants
5248:
5247:
5184:
5183:
5073:
5072:
4992:Gastric secretion
4949:Magnesium sulfate
4835:
4834:
4716:vestronidase alfa
4605:Glycosaminoglycan
4525:alpha-glucosidase
4381:
4380:
4043:
4042:
2394:"Sodium benzoate"
2265:Substrate/Product
2238:Substrate/Product
2047:10.1042/bj2140657
2002:(6): e202300044.
1713:10.1002/jsfa.6715
1601:"Sodium benzoate"
1565:(14): 3084–3103.
1502:Sigma-Aldrich Co.
1480:"sodium benzoate"
1404:Compendial status
1389:artificial colors
1275:Health and safety
1229:vascular headache
1151:potassium sorbate
1141:(E210), which is
1103:carbonated drinks
1085:As a preservative
1016:
1003:
987:
974:
967:
961:
949:
936:
893:partial oxidation
841:food preservative
825:Chemical compound
823:
822:
655:Hazard statements
325:CompTox Dashboard
158:Interactive image
63:crystal structure
16:Chemical compound
6453:
6400:
6399:
6390:
6380:
6379:
6370:
6369:
6362:Drink portal
6360:
6359:
6358:
6350:
6349:
6261:(United Kingdom)
6010:Jack in the Box
5981:
5968:Minamata disease
5880:Food irradiation
5860:4-Hydroxynonenal
5708:Sodium cyclamate
5551:Escherichia coli
5543:Escherichia coli
5275:
5268:
5261:
5252:
5251:
5145:Thyroid function
5084:
5083:
5079:Endocrine system
4887:
4886:
4882:Digestive system
4862:
4855:
4848:
4839:
4838:
4686:cerliponase alfa
4657:lysosomal lipase
4645:idursulfase beta
4416:alimentary tract
4408:
4401:
4394:
4385:
4384:
3451:
3437:
3427:
3139:Oxypnictogenides
2948:Oxychalcogenides
2653:
2652:
2642:Sodium compounds
2635:
2628:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2595:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2516:. Archived from
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2490:on 28 March 2010
2486:. Archived from
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2464:on 11 April 2009
2463:
2457:. Archived from
2456:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2424:. Archived from
2423:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2386:
2375:
2362:
2351:
2338:
2332:
2331:6 September 2007
2319:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2275:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2205:
2197:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2058:
2026:
2020:
2019:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1970:
1961:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1776:
1766:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1515:
1509:
1499:
1488:
1487:
1476:
1331:-acyltransferase
1257:intracellular pH
1036:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1001:
995:
992:
985:
982:
979:
972:
965:
959:
957:
954:
947:
944:
941:
934:
877:sodium hydroxide
833:benzoate of soda
807:
801:
798:
797:
725:
718:
711:
696:
676:
662:
634:
601:
456:
441:
438:
432:
426:
419:Chemical formula
349:
348:
333:
331:
315:
279:
268:
250:
242:
231:
220:
200:
180:
160:
136:
108:benzoate of soda
74:
55:
46:
35:Skeletal formula
31:
24:
22:Sodium benzoate
20:
6461:
6460:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6416:
6415:
6411:
6406:
6356:
6354:
6352:Food portal
6344:
6336:
6285:
6223:
6184:Food libel laws
6147:
5975:
5924:
5890:Modified starch
5852:Food processing
5846:
5793:
5722:
5672:
5668:Sodium benzoate
5644:
5606:
5601:Vibrio cholerae
5495:
5466:Gnathostomiasis
5451:Fasciolopsiasis
5403:
5351:
5342:Mercury in fish
5284:
5279:
5249:
5244:
5202:
5180:
5162:
5139:
5069:
5058:cholecystokinin
5033:
5009:sodium benzoate
4986:
4963:
4927:
4908:
4876:
4866:
4836:
4831:
4782:Sodium benzoate
4720:
4706:pabinafusp alfa
4696:elosulfase alfa
4662:Sebelipase alfa
4622:arylsulfatase B
4592:Agalsidase beta
4587:Agalsidase alfa
4476:
4435:and derivatives
4427:
4412:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4331:
4327:
4318:
4314:
4306:
4302:
4293:
4289:
4280:
4276:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4218:
4210:
4206:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4149:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4104:
4100:
4091:
4087:
4073:
4069:
4060:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3990:
3986:
3978:
3974:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3946:
3942:
3934:
3930:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3906:
3902:
3894:
3890:
3882:
3878:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3854:
3850:
3842:
3838:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3798:
3794:
3786:
3782:
3774:
3770:
3762:
3758:
3750:
3741:
3733:
3729:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3689:
3685:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3645:
3641:
3633:
3625:
3617:
3604:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3571:
3563:
3550:
3532:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3476:
3467:
3459:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3409:
3405:
3397:
3393:
3385:
3377:
3362:
3358:
3350:
3346:
3338:
3334:
3326:
3322:
3314:
3310:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3250:
3246:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3221:
3217:
3209:
3205:
3197:
3193:
3185:
3181:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3118:
3110:
3106:
3098:
3094:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2990:
2982:
2974:
2970:
2962:
2958:
2943:
2939:
2931:
2923:
2915:
2907:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2858:
2853:
2844:
2836:
2828:
2819:
2804:
2799:
2785:
2771:
2757:
2739:
2735:
2726:
2718:
2710:
2695:
2671:
2644:
2639:
2606:Wayback Machine
2588:hyperammonaemia
2538:
2533:
2523:
2521:
2520:on 4 April 2009
2507:
2503:
2493:
2491:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2448:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2431:on 15 June 2009
2428:
2421:
2412:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2387:
2378:
2372:Wayback Machine
2363:
2354:
2348:Wayback Machine
2339:
2335:
2329:Wayback Machine
2320:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2258:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2231:
2229:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2199:
2198:
2162:
2158:
2119:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2027:
2023:
1988:
1984:
1968:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1936:
1905:
1901:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1794:
1790:
1743:
1739:
1689:
1685:
1673:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1555:
1551:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1506:Sodium benzoate
1500:
1491:
1478:
1477:
1464:
1460:
1438:
1406:
1381:
1345:
1339:
1277:
1253:
1237:
1182:
1162:Harvey W. Wiley
1091:salad dressings
1087:
1082:
1042:
1022:
1017:
1009:
1004:
993:
988:
980:
975:
955:
950:
942:
937:
932:
930:
927:
926:
909:
890:
886:
873:
866:
862:
829:Sodium benzoate
826:
819:
814:
813:
812: ?)
803:
799:
795:
791:
777:
771:
751:
748:
730:
729:
728:
727:
720:
713:
706:
702:
694:
671:
657:
643:
627:
590:
561:
545:
512:
510:
508:
504:
454:
444:
435:
429:
421:
407:
404:
399:
398:
387:
384:
383:
380:
374:
373:
370:
364:
363:
352:
334:
327:
318:
298:
282:
269:
256:(preservatives)
223:
203:
183:
163:
150:
139:
126:
112:
111:
95:
94:
93:Sodium benzoate
78:
75:
65:
61:of part of the
56:
37:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6459:
6449:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6404:
6394:
6384:
6374:
6364:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6307:Food marketing
6304:
6299:
6293:
6291:
6290:Related topics
6287:
6286:
6284:
6283:
6278:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6256:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6233:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6165:
6163:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6144:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6025:
6016:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5934:
5932:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5875:Food additives
5872:
5867:
5862:
5856:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5803:
5801:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5740:
5738:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5699:
5698:
5688:
5682:
5680:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5654:
5652:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5616:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5597:
5589:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5547:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5511:
5505:
5503:
5501:Microorganisms
5497:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5471:Paragonimiasis
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5436:Cyclosporiasis
5433:
5428:
5423:
5417:
5415:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5361:
5359:
5357:Food additives
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5332:Lead poisoning
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5298:
5296:
5286:
5285:
5278:
5277:
5270:
5263:
5255:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5237:
5235:polyfructosans
5228:
5226:Indigo carmine
5223:
5218:
5212:
5210:
5208:Renal function
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5194:
5192:
5186:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5172:
5170:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5149:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5093:
5091:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5050:
5044:
5042:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5002:
4996:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4973:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4940:
4938:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4918:
4916:
4914:Fat absorption
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4895:
4893:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4865:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4842:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4822:Velmanase alfa
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4711:pegzilarginase
4708:
4703:
4701:olipudase alfa
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4666:
4665:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4630:
4618:
4601:
4600:
4594:
4589:
4578:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4542:
4541:
4521:
4504:
4503:
4486:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4452:Carglumic acid
4449:
4444:
4438:
4436:
4429:
4428:
4411:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4388:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
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3663:
3659:
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3647:
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3598:
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3577:
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3498:
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3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3448:
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3328:
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3320:
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3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
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2615:
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2544:
2537:
2536:External links
2534:
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2475:
2442:
2406:
2376:
2352:
2333:
2314:
2300:
2267:
2240:
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2156:
2110:
2088:
2070:
2041:(3): 657–663.
2021:
1982:
1956:
1945:
1934:
1899:
1875:
1861:
1849:
1835:
1823:
1788:
1737:
1699:(4): 649–652.
1683:
1674:|journal=
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1427:
1422:
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1402:
1380:
1377:
1341:Main article:
1338:
1335:
1295:(GRAS) by the
1276:
1273:
1252:
1249:
1236:
1233:
1206:hyperammonemia
1202:phenylbutyrate
1181:
1178:
1155:United Kingdom
1143:bacteriostatic
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1074:dairy products
1041:
1038:
1020:
1007:
999:
991:
978:
970:
964:
953:
940:
913:decarboxylated
908:
905:
888:
884:
872:
869:
864:
860:
853:pickling agent
831:also known as
824:
821:
820:
815:
793:
792:
788:standard state
785:
782:
781:
778:
769:
767:
764:
763:
756:
755:
752:
745:
742:
741:
738:
732:
731:
721:
714:
707:
692:
691:
690:
689:
687:
678:
677:
675:P305+P351+P338
672:
667:
664:
663:
658:
653:
650:
649:
644:
639:
636:
635:
628:
623:
620:
619:
609:
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586:
583:
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427:
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414:
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409:
408:
406:
405:
403:.C(=O)c1ccccc1
402:
394:
393:
392:
389:
388:
386:
385:
381:
378:
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375:
371:
368:
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48:
47:
39:
38:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6458:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6436:Preservatives
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6414:
6403:
6395:
6393:
6389:
6385:
6383:
6375:
6373:
6365:
6363:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6342:
6339:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6312:Food politics
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6288:
6282:
6279:
6277:(South Korea)
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6260:
6257:
6254:
6251:
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6246:
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6141:United States
6139:
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6124:
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6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
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6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6062:2011 Germany
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6019:1996 Odwalla
6017:
6015:
6013:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
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5993:
5991:
5988:
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5808:
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5790:
5787:
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5777:
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5772:
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5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5651:
5650:Preservatives
5647:
5641:
5640:Methamidophos
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5609:
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5602:
5598:
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5533:
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5526:
5524:
5523:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5498:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5481:Toxoplasmosis
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5392:Vegetable oil
5390:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
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5323:
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5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5295:
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5287:
5283:
5276:
5271:
5269:
5264:
5262:
5257:
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5238:
5236:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
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5211:
5209:
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5195:
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5191:
5187:
5177:
5174:
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5150:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5105:
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5101:
5100:
5099:
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5092:
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5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5036:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
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4945:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4874:
4870:
4863:
4858:
4856:
4851:
4849:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4752:Leriglitazone
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4675:
4674:Asfotase alfa
4671:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4636:
4635:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4462:Levocarnitine
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4409:
4404:
4402:
4397:
4395:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4374:
4352:
4350:
4335:
4333:
4322:
4320:
4309:
4307:
4297:
4295:
4284:
4282:
4271:
4269:
4254:
4252:
4238:
4236:
4222:
4220:
4213:
4211:
4201:
4199:
4185:
4183:
4169:
4167:
4153:
4151:
4144:
4142:
4128:
4126:
4108:
4106:
4095:
4093:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4064:
4062:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4036:
4026:
4024:
4010:
4008:
3993:
3991:
3981:
3979:
3969:
3967:
3949:
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3937:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3909:
3907:
3897:
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3883:
3873:
3871:
3857:
3855:
3845:
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3817:
3815:
3801:
3799:
3789:
3787:
3777:
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3763:
3753:
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3736:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3708:
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3692:
3690:
3680:
3678:
3664:
3662:
3648:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3578:
3576:
3566:
3564:
3558:
3556:
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3545:
3543:
3540:
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3535:
3533:
3527:
3525:
3511:
3509:
3495:
3493:
3479:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3440:
3438:
3430:
3428:
3420:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3400:
3398:
3388:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3341:
3339:
3329:
3327:
3317:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3285:
3283:
3269:
3267:
3253:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3225:
3223:
3212:
3210:
3200:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3160:
3158:
3152:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3073:
3071:
3057:
3055:
3041:
3039:
3025:
3023:
3009:
3007:
2993:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2926:
2924:
2918:
2916:
2910:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2881:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2848:
2846:
2839:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:Pnictogenides
2807:
2801:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2730:
2728:
2721:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:Chalcogenides
2698:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2583:hippuric acid
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2427:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2395:
2391:
2390:Sigma Aldrich
2385:
2383:
2381:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2318:
2310:
2304:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2209:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2115:
2098:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1871:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1845:
1839:
1833:December 2013
1832:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1679:
1666:
1655:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1621:
1615:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1520:
1514:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1462:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1349:ascorbic acid
1344:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1315:hippuric acid
1312:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:United States
1281:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1243:as a fuel in
1242:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1191:schizophrenia
1187:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1135:frozen yogurt
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:carbonic acid
1104:
1100:
1096:
1093:(for example
1092:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1018:
1005:
997:
989:
976:
962:
951:
938:
924:
922:
918:
914:
904:
902:
898:
894:
882:
878:
868:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
818:
811:
806:
789:
783:
779:
775:
766:
765:
761:
757:
753:
750:
744:
743:
739:
737:
734:
733:
726:
719:
712:
688:
685:
684:
680:
679:
673:
670:
666:
665:
659:
656:
652:
651:
648:
645:
642:
638:
637:
633:
629:
626:
622:
621:
617:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
592:
589:
585:
584:
581:Pharmacology
579:
575:
573:
569:
566:
565:
559:
557:
553:
550:
549:
543:
541:
537:
534:
533:
530:
526:
522:
520:
517:
516:
506:
503:
499:
498:
494:
492:
491:Melting point
489:
488:
484:
482:
479:
478:
474:
472:
469:
468:
464:
461:
460:
453:
451:
448:
447:
423:
420:
416:
415:
410:
401:
400:
397:
390:
376:
366:
365:
362:
355:
347:
343:
342:DTXSID1020140
339:
338:
336:
326:
322:
321:
314:
310:
309:
307:
305:
302:
301:
294:
293:
291:
289:
286:
285:
278:
274:
273:
271:
265:
261:
260:
257:
253:
251:
246:
245:
241:
237:
234:
232:
230:ECHA InfoCard
227:
226:
219:
215:
214:
212:
210:
207:
206:
199:
195:
194:
192:
190:
187:
186:
179:
175:
174:
172:
170:
167:
166:
159:
155:
154:
152:
148:
143:
142:
135:
131:
130:
128:
125:
121:
120:
115:
107:
104:
103:
98:
90:
86:
81:
73:
68:
64:
60:
54:
49:
45:
40:
36:
30:
25:
19:
6412:
6322:Food quality
6229:Institutions
6063:
6029:
6020:
6011:
5895:Nitrosamines
5667:
5658:Benzoic acid
5620:Chlorpyrifos
5599:
5593:
5584:
5567:
5550:
5542:
5534:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5491:Trichuriasis
5476:Toxocariasis
5446:Enterobiasis
5322:Formaldehyde
5190:Tuberculosis
5115:
5104:Corticorelin
5096:
5053:Pancreozymin
5029:Pentagastrin
5008:
4924:concentrates
4827:Zinc acetate
4812:Triheptanoin
4807:Tioctic acid
4781:
4655:
4632:
4620:
4608:
4580:
4565:Imiglucerase
4553:
4550:sphingolipid
4523:
4511:
4493:
4467:Mercaptamine
4442:Ademetionine
4154:
2580:
2555:(4): 363–8.
2552:
2548:
2522:. Retrieved
2518:the original
2504:
2492:. Retrieved
2488:the original
2478:
2466:. Retrieved
2459:the original
2452:"Index (BP)"
2445:
2433:. Retrieved
2426:the original
2409:
2397:. Retrieved
2336:
2317:
2303:
2291:. Retrieved
2287:the original
2257:. Retrieved
2252:
2243:
2230:. Retrieved
2225:
2216:
2202:cite journal
2169:
2165:
2159:
2126:
2122:
2101:. Retrieved
2099:. Inchem.org
2091:
2082:
2073:
2038:
2034:
2024:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1976:
1973:Pyrotechnica
1972:
1959:
1948:
1937:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1884:
1878:
1864:
1852:
1838:
1826:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1732:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1665:cite journal
1654:
1645:
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1614:
1604:
1595:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1542:
1535:
1523:. Retrieved
1521:. Inchem.org
1513:
1484:chemister.ru
1483:
1382:
1346:
1328:
1308:
1301:
1286:
1254:
1238:
1210:
1199:
1183:
1159:
1139:benzoic acid
1115:fruit juices
1088:
1043:
925:
915:with strong
910:
881:benzoic acid
879:(NaOH) with
874:
848:
837:benzoic acid
832:
828:
827:
759:
747:Autoignition
682:
646:
613:
288:RTECS number
178:CHEBI:113455
117:Identifiers
100:Other names
18:
6426:Antiseptics
6402:WikiProject
6239:(Hong Kong)
5976: [
5938:Devon colic
5812:Breast milk
5784:Nonylphenol
5759:Bisphenol A
5696:controversy
5563:Hepatitis E
5558:Hepatitis A
5536:Enterovirus
5529:Cronobacter
5486:Trichinosis
5456:Fasciolosis
5426:Anisakiasis
5397:controversy
5290:Adulterants
5176:Gonadorelin
5158:Thyrotropin
5133:Somatorelin
5123:Pralmorelin
5048:Bentiromide
4904:Tolbutamide
4797:Teduglutide
4777:Sapropterin
4639:Idursulfase
4610:iduronidase
4560:Alglucerase
4518:Sacrosidase
4490:Amino acids
4472:Metreleptin
4433:Amino acids
2592:ureagenesis
2172:(3): 53–8.
1915:(1): 51–4.
1622:. Rxmed.com
1393:hyperactive
1366:set by the
1323:benzoyl-CoA
1245:whistle mix
1223:, and with
1147:fungistatic
1127:acetic acid
1119:citric acid
1095:acetic acid
774:median dose
760:Lethal dose
749:temperature
736:Flash point
641:Signal word
572:1,4-Dioxane
485:1.497 g/cm
462:Appearance
412:Properties
236:100.007.760
6420:Categories
6153:Regulation
6136:death toll
5905:Shortening
5870:Acrylamide
5799:Food fraud
5779:Mycotoxins
5612:Pesticides
5586:Salmonella
5461:Giardiasis
5421:Amoebiasis
5365:Flavorings
5233:and other
5198:Tuberculin
5153:Protirelin
5128:Sermorelin
5109:Metyrapone
4944:Ceruletide
4869:Diagnostic
4772:Nitisinone
4737:Eliglustat
4627:Galsulfase
4615:Laronidase
4546:Glycolipid
4500:Pegvaliase
4422:products (
4420:metabolism
2863:Oxyhalides
2293:7 November
2103:14 January
1626:14 January
1525:9 February
1458:References
1373:Texas Pete
1235:Other uses
1225:ergotamine
1131:condiments
1068:, such as
1054:vegetables
871:Production
625:Pictograms
568:Solubility
552:Solubility
536:Solubility
519:Solubility
450:Molar mass
313:OJ245FE5EU
209:ChemSpider
198:ChEMBL1356
145:3D model (
124:CAS Number
6431:Benzoates
6199:ISO 22000
6161:watchdogs
6157:standards
6131:outbreaks
6032:outbreaks
5910:Trans fat
5822:Olive oil
5744:Aflatoxin
5718:Sucralose
5703:Saccharin
5691:Aspartame
5635:Malathion
5580:Rotavirus
5575:Norovirus
5216:Alsactide
5088:Pituitary
5038:Exocrine
4977:Galactose
4954:Sincalide
4933:Bile duct
4922:Vitamin A
4802:Trientine
4767:Nedosiran
4762:Miglustat
4757:Lumasiran
4742:Givosiran
4670:Phosphate
4457:Glutamine
2649:Inorganic
2123:Int J Tox
2016:0721-3115
1964:Öztap S.
1721:1097-0010
1587:205692543
1355:may form
1241:fireworks
1227:to treat
1221:narcotics
1058:cranberry
969:⟶
907:Reactions
843:(with an
616:labelling
475:odorless
295:DH6650000
6392:Cookbook
6372:Category
6174:E number
6066:outbreak
6023:outbreak
6014:outbreak
5764:Dieldrin
5713:Sorbitol
5569:Listeria
5509:Botulism
5337:Melamine
5307:Aldicarb
5098:cortisol
5090:function
5065:Secretin
5005:Caffeine
5000:Betazole
4959:Sorbitol
4891:Diabetes
4871:agents (
2602:Archived
2368:Archived
2344:Archived
2325:Archived
2166:Vet. Rec
2151:13639993
2143:11766131
1979:: 46–54.
1894:31643176
1818:15050980
1783:22642880
1729:24789520
1579:26587821
1436:See also
1327:glycine
1313:to form
1267:through
1213:caffeine
1193:. Total
1062:bilberry
851:) and a
845:E number
683:NFPA 704
607:Hazards
602:)
588:ATC code
540:methanol
529:pyridine
249:E number
134:532-32-1
6382:Commons
6255:(Spain)
6064:E. coli
6030:E. coli
6021:E. coli
6012:E. coli
5832:Seafood
5732:poisons
5630:Lindane
5594:E. coli
5553:O157:H7
5545:O104:H4
5347:Sudan I
5317:Cyanide
4936:patency
4899:Glucose
4513:sucrase
4482:Enzymes
4447:Betaine
4049:Organic
3402:NaAl(SO
2656:Halides
2577:8196430
2569:1804654
2524:17 July
2494:2 March
2468:2 March
2435:17 July
2399:17 July
2194:2553612
2186:4672555
2065:6226283
2056:1152300
1929:9952095
1774:3488504
1701:Bibcode
1605:PubChem
1357:benzene
1311:glycine
1287:In the
1265:glucose
1123:pickles
1099:vinegar
1066:seafood
921:benzene
897:toluene
867:COONa.
857:formula
810:what is
808: (
647:Warning
596: (
594:A16AX11
556:ethanol
525:ammonia
481:Density
455:144.105
264:PubChem
5837:Shrimp
5774:Dioxin
5728:Toxins
5302:3-MCPD
5231:Inulin
4414:Other
4179:(OH)CO
4079:HCOONa
3999:[Co(NO
3943:Fe(CN)
3931:Fe(CN)
3891:Zn(OH)
3580:NaHXeO
3414:NaAuCl
3367:Others
3115:NaHSeO
2575:
2567:
2253:BRENDA
2226:BRENDA
2192:
2184:
2149:
2141:
2063:
2053:
2014:
1927:
1892:
1816:
1781:
1771:
1757:: 32.
1727:
1719:
1585:
1577:
1133:, and
1072:, and
1070:prawns
1050:Fruits
1046:esters
901:oxygen
805:verify
802:
396:SMILES
277:517055
189:ChEMBL
83:Names
5980:]
5827:Prawn
5807:Bread
5380:Sugar
4725:Other
4652:Lipid
4332:COONa
4319:COONa
4232:AlNaO
4105:COONa
4092:COONa
4012:NaNSi
4007:]
3622:NaTcO
3614:NaTcO
3609:NaSCN
3601:NaReO
3596:NaOCN
3588:NaMnO
3560:NaHCO
3547:NaCoO
3542:NaCNO
3529:NaBiO
3433:NaAsF
3423:NaSbF
3382:NaAlO
3374:NaAlH
3355:NaSbO
2987:NaHSO
2979:NaHSO
2920:NaBrO
2912:NaBrO
2904:NaBrO
2899:NaBrO
2891:NaClO
2883:NaClO
2875:NaClO
2870:NaClO
2791:NaHTe
2777:NaSeH
2573:S2CID
2462:(PDF)
2455:(PDF)
2429:(PDF)
2422:(PDF)
2259:7 May
2232:7 May
2190:S2CID
2147:S2CID
1969:(PDF)
1583:S2CID
1304:salts
960:COONa
899:with
361:InChI
254:E211
218:10305
169:ChEBI
147:JSmol
5375:Salt
5007:and
4418:and
4146:NaCH
4032:PdCl
3955:Fe(C
3807:O(UO
3795:PtCl
3783:IrCl
3630:NaVO
3537:NaCN
3473:NaBO
3468:(CN)
3464:NaBH
3456:NaBH
3335:HAsO
3190:NaPO
3154:NaNO
3146:NaNO
2936:NaIO
2928:NaIO
2833:NaNH
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