768:
1964:"It possesses a 'very marked sweet taste, being much sweeter than cane-sugar'. The taste is perfectly pure. The minutest quantity of the substance, a bit of its powder scarcely visible, if placed upon the tip of the tongue, causes a sensation of pleasant sweetness throughout the entire cavity of the mouth. As stated above, the substance is soluble to only a slight extent in cold water, but if a few drops of the cold aqueous solution be placed in an ordinary goblet full of water, the latter then tastes like the sweetest syrup. Its presence can hence easily be detected in the dilutest solutions by the taste."
757:
1090:
348:
216:
1138:
44:
3780:
659:
861:
3791:
930:, "Everyone who ate that sweet corn was deceived. He thought he was eating sugar, when in point of fact he was eating a coal tar product totally devoid of food value and extremely injurious to health." But Roosevelt himself was a consumer of saccharin, and, in a heated exchange, Roosevelt angrily answered Wiley by stating, "Anybody who says saccharin is injurious to health is an idiot." The episode proved the undoing of Wiley's career.
3811:
1012:, and high protein levels in their urine. One or more of the proteins that are more prevalent in male rats combine with calcium phosphate and saccharin to produce microcrystals that damage the lining of the bladder. Over time, the rat's bladder responds to this damage by overproducing cells to repair the damage, which leads to tumor formation. Since this does not occur in humans, there is no elevated risk of bladder cancer.
3821:
3801:
2663:
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35:
536:
747:
People with sulfonamide allergies can experience allergic reactions to saccharin, although it has been suggested that this may be due to a general predisposition to allergic reactions rather than a specific cross-reaction between antimicrobial sulfonamides and non-antimicrobial ones (like saccharin).
1015:
The delisting of saccharin led to legislation repealing the warning label requirement for products containing saccharin. In 2001, the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration and the state of California reversed their positions on saccharin, declaring it safe for consumption. The FDA's decision followed a
1000:
not approve substances that "induce cancer in man, or, after tests, found to induce cancer in animals." Studies in laboratory rats during the early 1970s linked saccharin with the development of bladder cancer in rodents. As a consequence, all food containing saccharin was labeled with a warning
972:
The current status of saccharin is that it is allowed in most countries, and countries such as Canada have lifted their previous ban of it as a food additive. The claims that it is associated with bladder cancer were shown to be unfounded in experiments on primates. (It is, however, prohibited to
940:
More controversy was stirred in 1969 with the discovery of files from the FDA's investigations of 1948 and 1949. These investigations, which had originally argued against saccharin use, were shown to prove little about saccharin being harmful to human health. In 1977, the FDA made an attempt to
945:
in rats. The attempted ban was unsuccessful due to public opposition that was encouraged by industry advertisements, and instead the following label was mandated: "Use of this product may be hazardous to your health. This product contains saccharin which has been determined to cause cancer in
804:
in
Germany. Fahlberg would soon grow wealthy, while Remsen merely grew irritated, believing he deserved credit for substances produced in his laboratory. On the matter, Remsen commented, "Fahlberg is a scoundrel. It nauseates me to hear my name mentioned in the same breath with him."
767:
3400:
1981:
1031:
has officially removed saccharin and its salts from their list of hazardous constituents and commercial chemical products. In a release in
December 2010, the EPA stated that saccharin is no longer considered a potential hazard to human health.
631:
Saccharin derives its name from the word "saccharine", meaning "sugary". The word saccharine is used figuratively, often in a derogative sense, to describe something "unpleasantly over-polite" or "overly sweet". Both words are derived from the
1873:(As discussed below, the relative contributions of Fahlberg and Remsen to the discovery were later contested, with no final resolution in sight; the 1879 paper announcing the discovery lists both names as authors, with Fahlberg's name first.)
795:
on his hand one evening, and connected this with the compound benzoic sulfimide on which he had been working that day. Fahlberg and Remsen published articles on benzoic sulfimide in 1879 and 1880. In 1884, then working on his own in
666:
Saccharin is heat-stable. It does not react chemically with other food ingredients; as such, it stores well. Blends of saccharin with other sweeteners are often used to compensate for each sweetener's weaknesses and faults. A 10:1
926:, then the director of the bureau of chemistry for the FDA, viewed it as an illegal substitution of a valuable ingredient, sugar, by a less valuable ingredient. In a clash that had career consequences, Wiley told President
1853:
800:, Fahlberg applied for patents in several countries, describing methods of producing this substance that he named saccharin. Two years later, he began production of the substance in a factory in a suburb of
946:
laboratory animals". That requirement was dropped in 2000 following new research that concluded humans reacted differently than rats and were not at risk of cancer at typical intake levels. (See also:
2559:
Jaroentomeechai T, Yingsukkamol PK, Phurat C, Somsook E, Osotchan T, Ervithayasuporn V (November 2012). "Synthesis and reactivity of nitrogen nucleophiles-induced cage-rearrangement silsesquioxanes".
2444:
2034:
3395:
2281:
1743:
1558:
Priebe PM, Kauffman GB (1980). "Making governmental policy under conditions of scientific uncertainty: a century of controversy about saccharin in
Congress and the laboratory".
2419:
1614:
832:
1849:
671:–saccharin blend is common in countries where both these sweeteners are legal; in this blend, each sweetener masks the other's offtaste. Saccharin is often used with
1097:
3563:
2102:
2263:
2394:
2448:
2026:
3528:
2167:
1949:
1699:
4109:
549:
2302:
Whysner J, Williams GM (1996). "Saccharin mechanistic data and risk assessment: urine composition, enhanced cell proliferation, and tumor promotion".
3558:
3014:
2526:
1446:
1008:
However, in 2000, the warning labels were removed because scientists learned that rodents, unlike humans, have a unique combination of high pH, high
3518:
2337:
Dybing E (December 2002). "Development and implementation of the IPCS conceptual framework for evaluating mode of action of chemical carcinogens".
1757:
Strom, Brian L.; Schinnar, Rita; Apter, Andrea J.; Margolis, David J.; Lautenbach, Ebbing; Hennessy, Sean; Bilker, Warren B.; Pettitt, Dan (2003).
2488:
2644:
2695:
871:
705:
In the 1970s, studies performed on laboratory rats found an association between consumption of high doses of saccharin and the development of
3450:
1721:
2277:
1541:
3703:
3417:
397:
2062:
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950:
below.) The sweetener has continued to be widely used in the United States and is now the third-most popular artificial sweetener behind
718:
2080:
1885:
709:. However, further study determined that this effect was due to a mechanism that is not relevant to humans (deposition of crystals; see
3857:
915:
2376:
1735:
3479:
812:, its use had not become widespread. Its popularity further increased during the 1960s and 1970s among dieters, since saccharin is a
3523:
3385:
2423:
1606:
1002:
1432:
3493:
2475:
1017:
1410:
4102:
1159:
of 1.6 (the acidic hydrogen being that attached to the nitrogen). Saccharin can be used to prepare exclusively disubstituted
3484:
3432:
3337:
1920:
1677:
1311:
249:
3824:
3687:
3498:
3427:
3352:
3171:
989:
748:
Saccharin in toothpaste can cause burning sensations, swelling, and rashes of the mouth and lips in sensitive individuals.
2398:
2255:
3675:
3553:
2110:
1332:"The Catalyzed Dehydration of Acetaldehyde Hydrate, and the Effect of Structure on the Velocity of Protolytic Reactions"
133:
2688:
2543:
1336:
1938:"On the Oxidation of Substitution Products of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. IV. – On the oxidation of orthotoluenesulphamide"
4095:
3897:
3692:
3651:
3616:
3601:
3583:
3508:
3287:
2233:
901:
722:
544:
362:
3946:
3697:
3533:
3464:
3459:
977:
17:
2058:
Federal, State, and
Territorial Reference Manual of Pure Food and Drug Law: Dunn's Pure Food and Drug Legal Manual
556:
3636:
3543:
3407:
3322:
3085:
1028:
976:
Saccharin was formerly on
California's list of chemicals known to the state to cause cancer for the purposes of
679:, so some sweetness remains should the fountain syrup be stored beyond aspartame's relatively short shelf life.
4343:
3850:
3665:
3538:
3375:
3342:
1084:. Oxidation of the methyl substituent gives the carboxylic acid, which cyclicizes to give saccharin free acid:
2155:
1937:
1691:
4291:
3951:
3441:
2831:
2681:
2131:
1717:
1695:
3804:
3670:
997:
682:
In its acid form, saccharin is not water-soluble. The form used as an artificial sweetener is usually its
305:
211:
1454:
4348:
3724:
3422:
3380:
2734:
1273:
1021:
326:
173:
4358:
3719:
2667:
2188:
Takayama S, Sieber SM, Adamson RH, Thorgeirsson UP, Dalgard DW, Arnold LL, et al. (January 1998).
1150:
507:
2622:
4303:
4017:
3931:
3843:
3749:
3469:
1976:
1610:
4022:
3611:
2972:
2964:
2807:
2190:"Long-term feeding of sodium saccharin to nonhuman primates: implications for urinary tract cancer"
788:
343:
2623:"A New Method for the Preparation of Secondary Amines. I. Synthesis of Aliphatic Secondary Amines"
1713:
1045:
Saccharin can be produced in various ways. The original route by Remsen and
Fahlberg starts with
3591:
3503:
2944:
2819:
1673:
1521:
1077:
808:
Although saccharin was commercialized not long after its discovery, until sugar shortages during
729:("not classifiable as to the carcinogenicity to humans") upon review of the subsequent research.
4076:
3659:
3579:
3474:
3297:
3176:
2056:
919:
717:
studies have shown no evidence that saccharin is associated with bladder cancer in humans. The
633:
4214:
3681:
3631:
3626:
3370:
3118:
2076:
1897:
761:
756:
1759:"Absence of Cross-Reactivity between Sulfonamide Antibiotics and Sulfonamide Nonantibiotics"
4243:
3916:
3794:
3108:
2937:
2792:
2383:
2342:
1345:
697:
intake. Both salts are highly water-soluble: 0.67 g/ml in water at room temperature.
584:
314:
56:
193:
8:
3754:
3513:
3211:
1105:
1089:
1057:
776:
99:
4156:
3810:
2346:
1349:
937:. However, in 1912, Food Inspection Decision 142 stated that saccharin was not harmful.
347:
215:
153:
109:
3412:
3365:
3307:
3191:
2863:
1826:
1799:
1583:
1494:
1469:
1424:
927:
2354:
4169:
4146:
4002:
3739:
3548:
3234:
2868:
2853:
2835:
2749:
2576:
2539:
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2358:
2319:
2315:
2211:
2000:
1916:
1831:
1780:
1651:
1575:
1499:
1402:
1307:
1201:
1168:
1117:
1069:
1009:
1979:, Fahlberg, C. & List, A., "Manufacture of saccharine compounds"
1587:
1376:
4363:
4353:
4255:
4227:
4173:
4152:
4055:
3976:
3908:
3390:
3302:
3282:
3130:
3100:
2716:
2634:
2603:
2568:
2531:
2489:
10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19980803)37:13/14<1802::AID-ANIE1802>3.0.CO;2-9
2484:
2350:
2311:
2201:
1821:
1811:
1770:
1739:
1641:
1567:
1533:
1489:
1481:
1353:
1206:
1196:
879:
725:("possibly carcinogenic to humans") based on the rat studies, but downgraded it to
686:
676:
496:
420:
2256:"Saccharin Delisted Effective April 6, 2001 as Known to the State to Cause Cancer"
1669:
941:
completely ban the substance, following studies showing that the substance caused
933:
In 1911, Food
Inspection Decision 135 stated that foods containing saccharin were
816:-free sweetener. In the United States, saccharin is often found in restaurants in
4039:
4029:
4007:
3997:
3606:
3312:
3274:
3244:
3090:
3023:
2888:
2873:
2797:
2764:
2639:
2473:, Prakash I, Walters DE (1998). "Commercial, Synthetic Nonnutritive Sweeteners".
2008:
1277:
1251:
294:
3814:
1137:
3873:
3729:
2893:
2858:
2754:
1882:
Fahlberg's account of how he discovered the sweetness of saccharin appears in:
1121:
1113:
993:
962:
942:
883:
844:
821:
706:
694:
658:
527:
43:
1537:
1485:
4337:
4234:
4220:
4208:
4185:
4130:
4012:
3734:
3254:
3062:
2923:
2903:
2814:
2779:
2535:
2163:
1164:
1050:
797:
599:, especially at high concentrations. It is used to sweeten products, such as
583:, or used in saccharin sodium or saccharin calcium forms, is a non-nutritive
485:
231:
204:
1816:
1646:
1629:
4136:
4034:
3784:
3744:
3259:
3080:
3072:
3042:
2913:
2898:
2744:
2580:
2362:
2206:
2189:
2012:
2004:
1835:
1784:
1655:
1579:
1503:
1358:
1331:
1109:
1101:
934:
923:
726:
714:
2323:
2229:
2215:
4142:
4071:
3774:
3360:
3317:
3249:
3229:
3206:
3181:
2985:
2980:
2958:
2951:
2908:
2878:
2848:
2704:
1775:
1758:
1221:
828:
809:
792:
741:
733:
2607:
2558:
3961:
3575:
3327:
3292:
3221:
3008:
2883:
2843:
2712:
2673:
1571:
1191:
840:
836:
784:
608:
596:
490:
228.8 to 229.7 °C (443.8 to 445.5 °F; 501.9 to 502.8 K)
454:
239:
184:
2572:
736:
and no nutritional value. It is safe to consume for individuals with
4285:
4273:
4249:
4179:
3981:
3966:
3926:
3621:
3332:
3264:
3239:
3201:
3166:
3158:
3140:
3113:
3057:
3034:
3002:
2997:
2787:
1211:
1181:
955:
951:
801:
672:
668:
616:
4087:
1798:
Giles, Amber; Foushee, Jaime; Lantz, Evan; Gumina, Giuseppe (2019).
1467:
693:
salt is also sometimes used, especially by people restricting their
526:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
4315:
4309:
4160:
4118:
3835:
3596:
3186:
3135:
2991:
2931:
2759:
2729:
1999:. Easton, Pennsylvania: Journal of Chemical Education. p. 66.
1125:
966:
835:
was founded in 1917 to produce saccharin at its
Paragon Works near
780:
737:
620:
600:
269:
223:
646:) meaning "gravel". Similarly, saccharose is an obsolete name for
132:
4321:
4297:
4279:
4261:
3956:
3921:
3881:
3052:
2769:
2739:
2187:
1216:
1186:
1129:
1081:
1046:
813:
690:
647:
612:
592:
475:
281:
2468:
2397:. National Toxicology Program. November 18, 2014. Archived from
3941:
3936:
3196:
3154:
2724:
2662:
683:
588:
371:
InChI=1S/C7H5NO3S/c9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)12(10,11)8-7/h1-4H,(H,8,9)
164:
381:
InChI=1/C7H5NO3S/c9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)12(10,11)8-7/h1-4H,(H,8,9)
3150:
2802:
1468:
Chattopadhyay S, Raychaudhuri U, Chakraborty R (April 2014).
1303:
1160:
870:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
637:
604:
144:
122:
3769:
2594:
Ragnarsson U, Grehn L (May 2002). "Novel
Gabriel reagents".
1913:
The 100 Most Important Chemical Compounds: A Reference Guide
1850:"Toothpaste Allergy: Yes, You Can be Allergic to Toothpaste"
331:
34:
2422:. National Cancer Institute. August 5, 2009. Archived from
2382:. National Toxicology Program. pp. 2–4. Archived from
817:
260:
2132:"Approved additives and E numbers | Food Standards Agency"
1756:
1736:"Are Artificial Sweeteners Safe for People With Diabetes?"
1630:"Artificial sweeteners--do they bear a carcinogenic risk?"
4202:
3047:
2445:"EPA Removes Saccharin from Hazardous Substances Listing"
2502:
Bungard G (1967). "Die Süßstoffe" [Sweeteners].
1526:
Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin
1254:. PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 13 June 2023
847:
in London. Production continued on the site until 1926.
4166:
2377:"Report on Carcinogens, Thirteenth Edition, Appendix B"
1915:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 241.
1797:
947:
2079:. California State Board of Health. 1921. p. 21.
1524:[On the oxidation of orthotoluenesulphamide].
827:
Because of the difficulty of importing sugar from the
2280:. Associated Press via Telegraph-Herald. 1973-05-22.
983:
224:
1096:
In 1950, an improved synthesis was developed at the
3529:
2024 United Kingdom Shigatoxigenic E. coli outbreak
248:
1024:to remove saccharin from its list of carcinogens.
1904:
1714:"Low-Calorie Sweeteners: What's News, What's New"
918:began investigating saccharin as a result of the
623:. It appears as white crystals and is odorless.
4335:
1975:
988:In 1958, the United States Congress amended the
843:. Production was licensed and controlled by the
293:
2593:
2301:
1325:
1323:
1167:via a nucleophilic substitution, followed by a
108:
2527:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
2156:"Saccharin cleared for use in foods in Canada"
1935:
1627:
1557:
1519:
1300:NCERT Chemistry Part II Textbook for Class XII
1266:
973:mail saccharin tablets or packets to France.)
4103:
3851:
2689:
2181:
1522:"Über die Oxydation des Orthotoluolsulfamids"
1329:
868:The examples and perspective in this section
3704:Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition
3519:2017–2018 South African listeriosis outbreak
3418:1985 Austrian diethylene glycol wine scandal
2295:
1320:
700:
3642:United Kingdom food information regulations
2620:
2330:
1515:
1513:
1144:
719:International Agency for Research on Cancer
619:, and for masking the bitter taste of some
4110:
4096:
3858:
3844:
2696:
2682:
2519:
2517:
2069:
1910:
1553:
1551:
916:United States Food and Drug Administration
886:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
721:(IARC) originally classified saccharin in
346:
214:
192:
3480:2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak
2638:
2205:
1825:
1815:
1774:
1645:
1493:
1357:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1076:isomer is separated and converted to the
948:§ Warning label addition and removal
902:Learn how and when to remove this message
775:Saccharin was produced first in 1879, by
313:
3524:2018 Australian strawberry contamination
3386:Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident
2703:
2194:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2048:
1510:
1003:Saccharin Study and Labeling Act of 1977
850:
766:
755:
662:Sodium salt of saccharin, a white powder
657:
3494:2011 United States listeriosis outbreak
2514:
2501:
2476:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
1548:
1371:
1369:
1018:Department of Health and Human Services
342:
14:
4336:
3509:2015 Mozambique funeral beer poisoning
3086:Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
2469:Ager DJ, Pantaleone DP, Henderson SA,
2336:
1994:
1936:Remsen I, Fahlberg C (February 1880).
1628:Weihrauch MR, Diehl V (October 2004).
1601:
1599:
1597:
1474:Journal of Food Science and Technology
1235:
205:
4117:
4091:
3839:
2677:
2100:
2087:
1883:
1149:The free acid of saccharin has a low
990:Food, Drugs, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
591:that is about 500 times sweeter than
374:Key: CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
172:
152:
3865:
3800:
3688:Institute for Food Safety and Health
3428:Australian meat substitution scandal
3396:Moroccan oil poisoning disaster 1959
3172:Arsenic contamination of groundwater
2523:
2103:"Saccharin's mostly sweet following"
2054:
1366:
854:
820:packets; the most popular brand is "
3820:
3676:Food Information and Control Agency
2447:. December 14, 2010. Archived from
2266:from the original on 10 March 2011.
2253:
1594:
384:Key: CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYAR
284:
268:
24:
2420:"Artificial Sweeteners and Cancer"
2124:
1607:"Artificial Sweeteners and Cancer"
1470:"Artificial sweeteners - a review"
1337:Proceedings of the Royal Society A
984:Warning label addition and removal
25:
4375:
4196:Additional chemicals (E1100–1599)
3898:Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein
3693:International Food Safety Network
3617:International Food Safety Network
3338:Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
3288:Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein
3015:Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic
2655:
1676:, Environmental Health Sciences.
965:, saccharin is also known by the
3947:Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates
3819:
3809:
3799:
3790:
3789:
3778:
3768:
3698:Ministry of Food and Drug Safety
3534:Kobayashi red yeast rice scandal
3465:2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak
3460:ICA meat repackaging controversy
2661:
2647:from the original on 2017-10-03.
2083:from the original on 2017-03-14.
2065:from the original on 2017-03-13.
1746:from the original on 2016-10-02.
1724:from the original on 2016-03-04.
1702:from the original on 2015-11-28.
1680:from the original on 2016-02-27.
1617:from the original on 2015-12-08.
1544:from the original on 2013-05-13.
1435:from the original on 2006-03-23.
1413:from the original on 2007-03-03.
1136:
1088:
859:
760:Saccharin, historical wrapping,
534:
438:
432:
42:
33:
3637:Quality Assurance International
3544:Food safety incidents in Taiwan
3514:2017 Brazil Operation Weak Meat
3408:1971 Iraq poison grain disaster
3323:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
2614:
2587:
2552:
2495:
2462:
2437:
2412:
2369:
2304:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
2284:from the original on 2021-12-23
2270:
2247:
2236:from the original on 2013-04-04
2222:
2170:from the original on 2021-05-15
2148:
2037:from the original on 2010-04-28
2019:
1988:
1969:
1952:from the original on 2021-02-24
1929:
1876:
1867:
1856:from the original on 2020-03-29
1842:
1791:
1763:New England Journal of Medicine
1750:
1728:
1706:
1684:
1662:
1621:
1029:Environmental Protection Agency
1016:2000 determination by the U.S.
1001:meeting the requirement of the
980:, but it was delisted in 2001.
595:, but has a bitter or metallic
530:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
3891:Artificial protein substitutes
3666:European Food Safety Authority
3539:Food safety incidents in China
3376:1858 Bradford sweets poisoning
3343:Water fluoridation controversy
1461:
1439:
1417:
1395:
1330:Bell RP, Higginson WC (1949).
1292:
1040:
447:
441:
426:
13:
1:
4292:Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone
3952:Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone
2596:Accounts of Chemical Research
2355:10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00266-4
2101:Conis E (December 27, 2010).
1718:American Diabetes Association
1696:American Diabetes Association
1520:Fahlberg C, Remsen I (1879).
1228:
653:
3671:Food and Drug Administration
3353:Food contamination incidents
2640:10.1248/yakushi1947.72.2_270
2316:10.1016/0163-7258(96)00069-1
1886:"The inventor of saccharine"
1453:. NCSU. 2006. Archived from
1056:. Sulfonation of toluene by
1049:; another route begins with
1035:
998:Food and Drug Administration
710:
626:
7:
3725:Food and drink prohibitions
3499:Bihar school meal poisoning
3423:United Kingdom BSE outbreak
3381:1900 English beer poisoning
2735:Antibiotic use in livestock
2524:Lipinski GW. "Sweeteners".
1911:Myers RL, Myers RL (2007).
1174:
1022:National Toxicology Program
882:, discuss the issue on the
65:-1λ,2-Benzothiazole-1,1,3(2
10:
4380:
3720:Curing (food preservation)
2793:Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
2621:Sugasawa S, Abe K (1952).
2254:Sun M (28 December 2015).
2027:"Sugar: A Cautionary Tale"
1274:"Saccharin (CAS: 81-07-2)"
1104:. In this synthesis, the
751:
638:
4304:Aspartame-acesulfame salt
4126:
4064:
4048:
3990:
3932:Aspartame-acesulfame salt
3906:
3890:
3871:
3763:
3750:Genetically modified food
3712:
3650:
3602:Food labeling regulations
3574:
3470:2008 Chinese milk scandal
3351:
3273:
3220:
3149:
3099:
3071:
3033:
2922:
2830:
2778:
2711:
2230:"USPS Mailing Conditions"
1942:American Chemical Journal
1670:"Saccharin: FDA Agencies"
1611:National Cancer Institute
1538:10.1002/cber.187901201135
1486:10.1007/s13197-011-0571-1
1108:successively reacts with
833:British Saccharin Company
701:Safety and health effects
524:
413:
393:
358:
92:
75:
55:
50:
41:
32:
4192:Miscellaneous (E900–999)
3991:Natural food substitutes
3612:Food safety in Australia
2808:High-fructose corn syrup
2536:10.1002/14356007.a26_023
1145:Properties and reactions
789:Johns Hopkins University
470:White crystalline solid
3592:Acceptable daily intake
3504:2013 horse meat scandal
2945:Clostridium perfringens
2530:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
2504:Der Deutscher Apotheker
1896:(3): 36. Archived from
1884:Anon. (July 17, 1886).
1817:10.3390/pharmacy7030132
1800:"Sulfonamide Allergies"
1674:University of Minnesota
1447:"Sweetener Comparisons"
1098:Maumee Chemical Company
779:, a chemist working on
405:O=C2c1ccccc1S(=O)(=O)N2
81:ortho-benzoic sulfimide
4077:List of food additives
3660:Centre for Food Safety
3475:2008 Irish pork crisis
3177:Benzene in soft drinks
2395:"Saccharin index page"
1997:The Life of Ira Remsen
1451:Food Ingredient Series
1359:10.1098/rspa.1949.0055
969:(additive code) E954.
920:Pure Food and Drug Act
914:Starting in 1907, the
772:
764:
677:carbonated soft drinks
663:
4344:Benzoisothiazolinones
3682:Food Standards Agency
3632:Organic certification
3627:Nutrition facts label
3371:Esing Bakery incident
3159:environment pollution
1961:From pages 430–431:
1647:10.1093/annonc/mdh256
1306:. 2021. p. 449.
851:Government regulation
791:. Fahlberg noticed a
770:
762:Sugar Museum (Berlin)
759:
661:
232:(glazing agents, ...)
84:ortho sulphobenzimide
3917:Acesulfame potassium
3451:2006 North American
3109:Acesulfame potassium
2938:Campylobacter jejuni
2832:Intestinal parasites
2705:Consumer food safety
2670:at Wikimedia Commons
2483:(13–24): 1802–1823.
2207:10.1093/jnci/90.1.19
1776:10.1056/nejmoa022963
1132:to yield saccharin:
996:to mandate that the
880:improve this section
585:artificial sweetener
57:Preferred IUPAC name
3755:Conspiracy theories
3308:Heterocyclic amines
3212:Shellfish poisoning
2608:10.1021/ar00010a001
2561:Inorganic Chemistry
2347:2002Toxgy.181..121D
2278:"Saccharin warning"
1890:Scientific American
1692:"Common Terms: S–Z"
1350:1949RSPSA.197..141B
1106:methyl anthranilate
1058:chlorosulfonic acid
777:Constantin Fahlberg
497:Solubility in water
462: g·mol
29:
4349:E-number additives
4147:acidity regulators
4003:Coffee substitutes
3413:Toxic oil syndrome
3366:Swill milk scandal
3192:Diethylstilbestrol
2864:Diphyllobothriasis
2341:. 181–182: 121–5.
2077:"Monthly Bulletin"
1995:Getman FH (1940).
1634:Annals of Oncology
1572:10.1007/BF01096124
1070:sulfonyl chlorides
928:Theodore Roosevelt
773:
765:
664:
557:Infobox references
27:
4359:Sugar substitutes
4331:
4330:
4180:Flavour enhancers
4174:anticaking agents
4085:
4084:
3909:sugar substitutes
3833:
3832:
3740:Food preservation
3549:Foodborne illness
3101:Sugar substitutes
2854:Cryptosporidiosis
2836:parasitic disease
2750:HGH controversies
2717:food contaminants
2666:Media related to
2573:10.1021/ic3015145
2107:Los Angeles Times
1922:978-0-313-33758-1
1769:(17): 1628–1635.
1344:(1049): 141–159.
1313:978-81-7450-716-7
1202:Steviol glycoside
1169:Gabriel synthesis
1118:hydrochloric acid
1010:calcium phosphate
912:
911:
904:
787:'s laboratory at
732:Saccharin has no
587:. Saccharin is a
565:Chemical compound
563:
562:
327:CompTox Dashboard
134:Interactive image
16:(Redirected from
4371:
4215:Improving agents
4209:Synthetic glazes
4112:
4105:
4098:
4089:
4088:
4040:Salt substitutes
4030:Milk substitutes
3998:Cheese analogues
3977:Sodium cyclamate
3866:Artificial foods
3860:
3853:
3846:
3837:
3836:
3823:
3822:
3813:
3803:
3802:
3793:
3792:
3785:Drink portal
3783:
3782:
3781:
3773:
3772:
3684:(United Kingdom)
3433:Jack in the Box
3404:
3391:Minamata disease
3303:Food irradiation
3283:4-Hydroxynonenal
3131:Sodium cyclamate
2974:Escherichia coli
2966:Escherichia coli
2698:
2691:
2684:
2675:
2674:
2665:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2567:(22): 12266–72.
2556:
2550:
2549:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2390:
2388:
2381:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2209:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2109:. Archived from
2098:
2085:
2084:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2061:. p. 1327.
2055:Dunn CW (1913).
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2023:
2017:
2016:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1829:
1819:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1778:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1740:Cleveland Clinic
1732:
1726:
1725:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1649:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1603:
1592:
1591:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1497:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1383:. 16 August 2022
1373:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1248:
1207:Sugar substitute
1197:Sodium cyclamate
1140:
1092:
907:
900:
896:
893:
887:
863:
862:
855:
641:
640:
547:
541:
538:
537:
461:
449:
443:
440:
434:
428:
421:Chemical formula
351:
350:
335:
333:
317:
297:
286:
272:
252:
226:
218:
207:
196:
176:
156:
136:
112:
46:
37:
30:
26:
21:
18:Sodium saccharin
4379:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4240:
4221:Packaging gases
4199:
4122:
4116:
4086:
4081:
4060:
4044:
4008:Egg substitutes
3986:
3902:
3886:
3874:fat substitutes
3867:
3864:
3834:
3829:
3779:
3777:
3775:Food portal
3767:
3759:
3708:
3646:
3607:Food libel laws
3570:
3398:
3347:
3313:Modified starch
3275:Food processing
3269:
3216:
3145:
3095:
3091:Sodium benzoate
3067:
3029:
3024:Vibrio cholerae
2918:
2889:Gnathostomiasis
2874:Fasciolopsiasis
2826:
2774:
2765:Mercury in fish
2707:
2702:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2627:Yakugaku Zasshi
2619:
2615:
2602:(10): 285–289.
2592:
2588:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2522:
2515:
2500:
2496:
2467:
2463:
2454:
2452:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2429:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2404:
2402:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2335:
2331:
2310:(1–2): 225–52.
2300:
2296:
2287:
2285:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2252:
2248:
2239:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2186:
2182:
2173:
2171:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2136:www.food.gov.uk
2130:
2129:
2125:
2116:
2114:
2099:
2088:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2053:
2049:
2040:
2038:
2025:
2024:
2020:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1955:
1953:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1909:
1905:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1859:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1796:
1792:
1755:
1751:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1626:
1622:
1605:
1604:
1595:
1556:
1549:
1518:
1511:
1466:
1462:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1278:Merck Millipore
1272:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1177:
1157:
1147:
1043:
1038:
986:
908:
897:
891:
888:
877:
864:
860:
853:
783:derivatives in
754:
715:Epidemiological
703:
656:
650:(table sugar).
629:
566:
559:
554:
553:
552: ?)
543:
539:
535:
531:
516:
502:1 g per 290 mL
499:
459:
446:
437:
431:
423:
409:
406:
401:
400:
389:
386:
385:
382:
376:
375:
372:
366:
365:
354:
336:
329:
320:
300:
287:
275:
255:
242:
199:
179:
159:
139:
126:
115:
102:
88:
87:
71:
70:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4377:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4271:
4265:
4259:
4253:
4247:
4239:
4238:
4235:Foaming agents
4232:
4224:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4164:
4150:
4140:
4134:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4115:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4092:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4068:
4066:
4065:Related topics
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4013:Meat analogues
4010:
4005:
4000:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3878:
3876:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3840:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3817:
3807:
3797:
3787:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3730:Food marketing
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3713:Related topics
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3656:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3448:
3439:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3357:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3298:Food additives
3295:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3020:
3012:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2924:Microorganisms
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2894:Paragonimiasis
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2859:Cyclosporiasis
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2780:Food additives
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2755:Lead poisoning
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2709:
2708:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2657:
2656:External links
2654:
2651:
2650:
2633:(2): 270–273.
2613:
2586:
2551:
2545:978-3527306732
2544:
2513:
2494:
2461:
2436:
2411:
2389:on 2016-05-20.
2368:
2329:
2294:
2269:
2246:
2221:
2180:
2147:
2123:
2086:
2068:
2047:
2018:
1987:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1948:(6): 426–439.
1928:
1921:
1903:
1900:on 2017-03-14.
1892:. new series.
1875:
1866:
1841:
1790:
1749:
1742:. 2015-06-29.
1727:
1705:
1683:
1661:
1640:(10): 1460–5.
1620:
1613:. 2005-08-18.
1593:
1547:
1509:
1460:
1457:on 2019-01-20.
1438:
1429:etymonline.com
1416:
1394:
1365:
1319:
1312:
1291:
1265:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1155:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1122:sulfur dioxide
1114:sodium nitrite
1094:
1093:
1054:-chlorotoluene
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
994:Delaney clause
985:
982:
978:Proposition 65
963:European Union
943:bladder cancer
910:
909:
874:of the subject
872:worldwide view
867:
865:
858:
852:
849:
845:Board of Trade
753:
750:
711:§ History
707:bladder cancer
702:
699:
695:dietary sodium
655:
652:
628:
625:
577:benzosulfimide
571:, also called
564:
561:
560:
555:
533:
532:
528:standard state
525:
522:
521:
518:
514:
504:
503:
500:
495:
492:
491:
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298:
290:
288:
280:
277:
276:
274:
273:
265:
263:
257:
256:
254:
253:
245:
243:
238:
235:
234:
228:
220:
219:
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201:
200:
198:
197:
189:
187:
181:
180:
178:
177:
169:
167:
161:
160:
158:
157:
149:
147:
141:
140:
138:
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129:
127:
120:
117:
116:
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113:
105:
103:
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90:
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82:
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4138:
4137:Preservatives
4135:
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4125:
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4101:
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3735:Food politics
3733:
3731:
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3726:
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3700:(South Korea)
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3564:United States
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3485:2011 Germany
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3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3073:Preservatives
3070:
3064:
3063:Methamidophos
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
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3036:
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2927:
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2915:
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2905:
2904:Toxoplasmosis
2902:
2900:
2897:
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2847:
2845:
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2841:
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2829:
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2818:
2817:
2816:
2815:Vegetable oil
2813:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
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2528:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2465:
2451:on 2010-12-24
2450:
2446:
2440:
2426:on 2015-12-08
2425:
2421:
2415:
2401:on 2016-03-07
2400:
2396:
2385:
2378:
2372:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
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2340:
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2321:
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2305:
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2279:
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2265:
2261:
2257:
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2235:
2231:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2169:
2165:
2164:Health Canada
2161:
2157:
2151:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2113:on 2011-02-17
2112:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2051:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1978:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1870:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1701:
1697:
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1679:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1566:(4): 556–74.
1565:
1561:
1554:
1552:
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1527:
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1514:
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1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1480:(4): 611–21.
1479:
1475:
1471:
1464:
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1452:
1448:
1442:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1420:
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1408:
1407:Reference.com
1404:
1398:
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1360:
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1339:
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1333:
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1301:
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1234:
1223:
1220:
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1208:
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1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1165:alkyl halides
1162:
1158:
1154:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1079:
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1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1033:
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1025:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1011:
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1004:
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995:
991:
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979:
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968:
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953:
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938:
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921:
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906:
903:
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885:
881:
875:
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866:
857:
856:
848:
846:
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838:
834:
830:
825:
823:
819:
815:
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806:
803:
799:
798:New York City
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
769:
763:
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745:
743:
739:
735:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
698:
696:
692:
688:
685:
680:
678:
674:
670:
660:
651:
649:
645:
635:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
558:
551:
546:
529:
523:
519:
513:
509:
506:
505:
501:
498:
494:
493:
489:
487:
486:Melting point
484:
483:
479:
477:
474:
473:
469:
466:
465:
458:
456:
453:
452:
425:
422:
418:
417:
412:
403:
402:
399:
392:
378:
368:
367:
364:
357:
349:
345:
344:DTXSID5021251
341:
340:
338:
328:
324:
323:
316:
312:
311:
309:
307:
304:
303:
296:
292:
291:
289:
283:
279:
278:
271:
267:
266:
264:
262:
259:
258:
251:
247:
246:
244:
241:
237:
236:
233:
229:
227:
222:
221:
217:
213:
210:
208:
206:ECHA InfoCard
203:
202:
195:
191:
190:
188:
186:
183:
182:
175:
171:
170:
168:
166:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
148:
146:
143:
142:
135:
131:
130:
128:
124:
119:
118:
111:
107:
106:
104:
101:
97:
96:
91:
83:
80:
79:
74:
68:
64:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
36:
31:
19:
4267:
4244:Acesulfame K
4226:
4191:
4143:Antioxidants
4035:Phyllodulcin
3971:
3745:Food quality
3652:Institutions
3486:
3452:
3443:
3434:
3318:Nitrosamines
3125:
3081:Benzoic acid
3043:Chlorpyrifos
3022:
3016:
3007:
2990:
2973:
2965:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2914:Trichuriasis
2899:Toxocariasis
2869:Enterobiasis
2745:Formaldehyde
2630:
2626:
2616:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2525:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2480:
2474:
2471:Katritzky AR
2464:
2453:. Retrieved
2449:the original
2439:
2428:. Retrieved
2424:the original
2414:
2403:. Retrieved
2399:the original
2392:Linked from
2384:the original
2371:
2338:
2332:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2286:. Retrieved
2272:
2259:
2249:
2238:. Retrieved
2224:
2200:(1): 19–25.
2197:
2193:
2183:
2172:. Retrieved
2160:AgCanada.com
2159:
2150:
2139:. Retrieved
2135:
2126:
2115:. Retrieved
2111:the original
2106:
2071:
2057:
2050:
2039:. Retrieved
2030:
2021:
1996:
1990:
1971:
1954:. Retrieved
1945:
1941:
1931:
1912:
1906:
1898:the original
1893:
1889:
1878:
1869:
1858:. Retrieved
1844:
1807:
1803:
1793:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1730:
1708:
1686:
1664:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1563:
1559:
1529:
1525:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1455:the original
1450:
1441:
1428:
1425:"Saccharine"
1419:
1406:
1403:"Saccharine"
1397:
1385:. Retrieved
1380:
1341:
1335:
1299:
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1152:
1148:
1110:nitrous acid
1102:Toledo, Ohio
1095:
1073:
1068:substituted
1065:
1061:
1051:
1044:
1026:
1014:
1007:
987:
975:
971:
960:
939:
932:
924:Harvey Wiley
913:
898:
892:October 2015
889:
869:
826:
807:
774:
746:
731:
704:
681:
665:
643:
630:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:
511:
174:ChEMBL310671
93:Identifiers
76:Other names
66:
62:
4186:Antibiotics
4161:emulsifiers
4157:stabilisers
4072:Food safety
3907:Artificial
3872:Artificial
3825:WikiProject
3662:(Hong Kong)
3399: [
3361:Devon colic
3235:Breast milk
3207:Nonylphenol
3182:Bisphenol A
3119:controversy
2986:Hepatitis E
2981:Hepatitis A
2959:Enterovirus
2952:Cronobacter
2909:Trichinosis
2879:Fasciolosis
2849:Anisakiasis
2820:controversy
2713:Adulterants
1532:: 469–473.
1377:"Saccharin"
1252:"Saccharin"
1222:Phthalimide
1128:, and then
1078:sulfonamide
1041:Preparation
935:adulterated
829:West Indies
822:Sweet'n Low
810:World War I
793:sweet taste
742:prediabetes
734:food energy
713:section).
609:baked goods
480:0.828 g/cm
467:Appearance
414:Properties
212:100.001.202
154:CHEBI:32111
4338:Categories
4237:(E990–999)
4230:(E950–969)
4228:Sweeteners
4223:(E930–949)
4217:(E920–929)
4211:(E910–919)
4205:(E900–909)
4188:(E700–799)
4182:(E600–699)
4176:(E500–599)
4170:regulators
4163:(E400–499)
4153:Thickeners
4149:(E300–399)
4139:(E200–299)
4133:(E100–199)
3962:NutraSweet
3576:Regulation
3559:death toll
3328:Shortening
3293:Acrylamide
3222:Food fraud
3202:Mycotoxins
3035:Pesticides
3009:Salmonella
2884:Giardiasis
2844:Amoebiasis
2788:Flavorings
2455:2011-01-14
2430:2016-02-29
2405:2016-02-29
2339:Toxicology
2288:2011-06-09
2240:2013-04-07
2174:2022-02-24
2141:2024-05-02
2117:2011-01-14
2041:2010-06-20
1956:2022-02-24
1860:2020-03-29
1810:(3): 132.
1284:August 22,
1229:References
1192:Saccharose
1060:gives the
841:Lancashire
837:Accrington
785:Ira Remsen
654:Properties
617:excipients
615:products,
597:aftertaste
573:saccharine
455:Molar mass
315:FST467XS7D
240:IUPHAR/BPS
185:ChemSpider
121:3D model (
100:CAS Number
28:Saccharin
4286:Thaumatin
4274:Sucralose
4268:Saccharin
4256:Cyclamate
4250:Aspartame
4119:E numbers
3982:Sucralose
3972:Saccharin
3967:Nutrinova
3927:Aspartame
3622:ISO 22000
3584:watchdogs
3580:standards
3554:outbreaks
3455:outbreaks
3333:Trans fat
3245:Olive oil
3167:Aflatoxin
3141:Sucralose
3126:Saccharin
3114:Aspartame
3058:Malathion
3003:Rotavirus
2998:Norovirus
2668:Saccharin
1977:US 319082
1381:Drugs.com
1302:. Delhi:
1212:Sucralose
1182:Aspartame
1036:Chemistry
992:with the
956:aspartame
952:sucralose
884:talk page
802:Magdeburg
673:aspartame
669:cyclamate
644:sakkharon
627:Etymology
621:medicines
569:Saccharin
4316:Lactitol
4310:Maltitol
3815:Cookbook
3795:Category
3597:E number
3489:outbreak
3446:outbreak
3437:outbreak
3187:Dieldrin
3136:Sorbitol
2992:Listeria
2932:Botulism
2760:Melamine
2730:Aldicarb
2645:Archived
2581:23134535
2363:12505296
2282:Archived
2264:Archived
2234:Archived
2168:Archived
2081:Archived
2063:Archived
2035:Archived
2013:6411359M
1950:Archived
1854:Archived
1836:31514363
1804:Pharmacy
1785:14573734
1744:Archived
1722:Archived
1700:Archived
1678:Archived
1656:15367404
1615:Archived
1588:40526005
1580:11611011
1542:Archived
1504:24741154
1433:Archived
1411:Archived
1175:See also
1126:chlorine
967:E number
878:You may
781:coal tar
738:diabetes
723:Group 2B
675:in diet
639:σάκχαρον
225:E number
69:)-trione
4364:Sultams
4354:Lactams
4322:Xylitol
4298:Neotame
4280:Alitame
4262:Isomalt
4131:Colours
4121:950–969
3957:Neotame
3922:Alitame
3882:Olestra
3805:Commons
3678:(Spain)
3487:E. coli
3453:E. coli
3444:E. coli
3435:E. coli
3255:Seafood
3155:poisons
3053:Lindane
3017:E. coli
2976:O157:H7
2968:O104:H4
2770:Sudan I
2740:Cyanide
2343:Bibcode
2324:8910956
2216:9428778
2031:FDA.gov
2005:2640159
1827:6789825
1560:Minerva
1495:3982014
1387:15 June
1346:Bibcode
1258:15 June
1217:Xylitol
1187:Neotame
1130:ammonia
1082:ammonia
1047:toluene
961:In the
814:calorie
771:1893 ad
752:History
727:Group 3
691:calcium
648:sucrose
613:tobacco
605:candies
593:sucrose
550:what is
548: (
508:Acidity
476:Density
282:PubChem
110:81-07-2
4324:(E967)
4318:(E966)
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3937:Dulcin
3260:Shrimp
3197:Dioxin
3151:Toxins
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1161:amines
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689:. The
684:sodium
601:drinks
589:sultam
545:verify
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460:183.18
398:SMILES
270:D01085
165:ChEMBL
51:Names
4203:Waxes
4018:bacon
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3250:Prawn
3230:Bread
2803:Sugar
2387:(PDF)
2380:(PDF)
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1163:from
1080:with
1074:ortho
1062:ortho
636:word
634:Greek
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363:InChI
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2798:Salt
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2359:PMID
2320:PMID
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2001:OCLC
1917:ISBN
1832:PMID
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1652:PMID
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1500:PMID
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1066:para
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