202:
31:
2712:
253:. In order to describe the mechanical response of soft tissues, several methods have been used. These methods include: hyperelastic macroscopic models based on strain energy, mathematical fits where nonlinear constitutive equations are used, and structurally based models where the response of a linear elastic material is modified by its geometric characteristics.
198:
properties may be useful for forensics investigation when contusions were induced. When a solid object impacts a human soft tissue, the energy of the impact will be absorbed by the tissues to reduce the effect of the impact or the pain level; subjects with more soft tissue thickness tended to absorb the impacts with less aversion.
2005:
Musculoskeletal specialists, manual therapists, neuromuscular physiologists and neurologists specialize in treating injuries and ailments in the soft tissue areas of the body. These specialized clinicians often develop innovative ways to manipulate the soft tissue to speed natural healing and relieve
362:
Despite the independence of strain rate, preconditioned soft tissues still present hysteresis, so the mechanical response can be modeled as hyperelastic with different material constants at loading and unloading. By this method the elasticity theory is used to model an inelastic material. Fung has
1631:
The collagen fibers are approximately 1-2 μm thick. Thus, the resolution of the imaging technique needs to be approximately 0.5 μm. Some techniques allow the direct acquisition of volume data while other need the slicing of the specimen. In both cases, the volume that is extracted must be able to
197:
Human soft tissue is highly deformable, and its mechanical properties vary significantly from one person to another. Impact testing results showed that the stiffness and the damping resistance of a test subject's tissue are correlated with the mass, velocity, and size of the striking object. Such
1377:
357:
182:. The collagen fibers are comparatively inextensible and are usually loose (wavy, crimped). With increasing tissue deformation the collagen is gradually stretched in the direction of deformation. When taut, these fibers produce a strong growth in tissue stiffness. The
1556:
is proportional to these stimuli. Diseases, injuries and changes in the level of mechanical load may induce remodeling. An example of this phenomenon is the thickening of farmer's hands. The remodeling of connective tissues is well known in bones by the
1212:
2001:
are some of the most chronically painful and difficult conditions to treat because it is very difficult to see what is going on under the skin with the soft connective tissues, fascia, joints, muscles and tendons.
1231:
615:
275:
1542:
1608:(ECM) components. The accuracy of the image analysis relies on the properties and the quality of the raw data and, therefore, the choice of the imaging technique must be based upon issues such as:
1102:
1009:
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802:
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687:
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is a stiffening parameter, associated with limiting chain extensibility. This constitutive model cannot be stretched in uni-axial tension beyond a maximal stretch
763:
743:
2581:
Elbischger PJ, Bischof H, Holzapfel GA, Regitnig P (2005). "Computer vision analysis of collagen fiber bundles in the adventitia of human blood vessels".
777:
The Fung-model, simplified with isotropic hypothesis (same mechanical properties in all directions). This written in respect of the principal stretches (
3429:
1644:
causes shrinkage, altering the structure of the original tissue. Some typical values of contraction for different fixation are: formalin (5% - 10%),
2207:
Alkhaledi K, Cochran D, Riley M, Stentz T, Bashford G, Meyer G (August 2011). "The psycophysical effects of physical impact to human soft tissue".
3167:
1372:{\displaystyle W=-{\frac {\mu J_{m}}{2}}\ln \left(1-\left({\frac {\lambda _{1}^{2}+\lambda _{2}^{2}+\lambda _{3}^{2}-3}{J_{m}}}\right)\right)}
1113:
1552:
Soft tissues have the potential to grow and remodel reacting to chemical and mechanical long term changes. The rate the fibroblasts produce
352:{\displaystyle \mathbf {S} =\mathbf {S} (\mathbf {E} ,{\dot {\mathbf {E} }})\quad \rightarrow \quad \mathbf {S} =\mathbf {S} (\mathbf {E} )}
2744:
500:
217:
Soft tissues have the potential to undergo large deformations and still return to the initial configuration when unloaded, i.e. they are
269:
to a load pattern. After some cycles of loading and unloading the material, the mechanical response becomes independent of strain rate.
158:
are the most common cell responsible for the production of soft tissues' fibers and ground substance. Variations of fibroblasts, like
2794:
1474:
261:
Even though soft tissues have viscoelastic properties, i.e. stress as function of strain rate, it can be approximated by a
206:
1029:
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3160:
2010:
and is rapidly expanding as technology continues to improve the ability of these specialists to identify problem areas.
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does the role of collagen. In soft tissues, the collagen limits the deformation and protects the tissues from injury.
3041:
2310:
2224:
2158:
2133:
1604:
There are certain issues that have to be kept in mind when choosing an imaging technique for visualizing soft tissue
3112:
2737:
2494:
Humphrey JD (2008). "Vascular adaptation and mechanical homeostasis at tissue, cellular, and sub-cellular levels".
3089:
3058:
2661:
Rozman P, Bolta Z (December 2007). "Use of platelet growth factors in treating wounds and soft-tissue injuries".
2102:
3153:
2014:
766:
391:
must be aware of this fact to avoid mistakes when analyzing excised tissues. This retraction usually causes a
3424:
3267:
2716:
2689:
2006:
the mysterious pain that often accompanies soft tissue injuries. This area of expertise has become known as
3642:
3246:
2396:"Tension in fibrils suppresses their enzymatic degradation - A molecular mechanism for 'use it or lose it'"
1697:
810:
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17:
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Growth and remodeling have a major role in the cause of some common soft tissue diseases, like arterial
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2441:"Fibrillar Collagen: A Review of the Mechanical Modeling of Strain-Mediated Enzymatic Turnover"
1385:
692:
656:
3632:
3560:
2024:. Sometimes the term "soft tissue rheumatic disorders" is used to describe these conditions.
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On the other hand, the linear term is negligible when the analysis rely only on big strains.
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2614:"Optical spectroscopy and imaging for the noninvasive evaluation of engineered tissues"
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is the science that study the relation between stress and growth at cellular level.
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easier, especially when color information is available. In addition, the need for
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It is sometimes defined by what it is not – such as "nonepithelial, extraskeletal
3339:
2913:
2407:
1562:
403:
392:
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154:. Normally the soft tissue is very hydrated because of the ground substance. The
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2176:"Estimation of mechanical properties of soft tissue subjected to dynamic impact"
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per volume unit, which is the mechanical strain energy for a given temperature.
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2209:
Proceedings of the 29th Annual
European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics
2013:
A promising new method of treating wounds and soft tissue injuries is via
30:
3579:
3073:
2824:
2251:
Humphrey JD (2003). "Continuum biomechanics of soft biological tissues".
2043:
238:
155:
96:
3145:
1207:{\displaystyle W={\frac {1}{2}}c\left(e^{b_{ijkl}E_{ij}E_{kl}}-1\right)}
1023:
For small strains, the exponential term is very small, thus negligible.
3513:
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must also be addressed. It has been shown that soft tissue fixation in
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2020:
There is a close overlap between the term "soft tissue disorder" and
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2440:
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2908:
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610:{\displaystyle q=a_{ijkl}E_{ij}E_{kl}\qquad Q=b_{ijkl}E_{ij}E_{kl}}
143:
64:
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55:
and surrounds or supports internal organs and bones, and includes
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2957:
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2607:
1645:
380:
147:
2128:. Stamford, Conn: Lange Medical Books/McGraw Hill. p. 346.
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follow the fiber bundles across the volume. High contrast makes
1627:
Establishing an easy and reproducible setup for tissue analysis.
3538:
3068:
3051:
2711:
2031:
1593:
1584:. Other instance of tissue remodeling is the thickening of the
241:. Some viscoelastic properties observable in soft tissues are:
84:
60:
56:
38:
3130:
1018:
191:
112:
1612:
Having an optimal resolution for the components of interest;
3125:
2940:
2777:
2206:
127:
108:
2367:
Gent AN (1996). "A new constitutive relation for rubber".
2332:
Journal of the
Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
2663:
1537:{\displaystyle \lambda _{m}^{2}+2\lambda _{m}-J_{m}-3=1}
2394:
Saini K, Cho S, Dooling LJ, Discher DE (January 2020).
2148:
27:
Tissue in the body that is not hardened by ossification
2438:
2393:
2303:
Biomechanics: Mechanical
Properties of Living Tissues
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to point out that the material is not truly elastic.
278:
2173:
2153:. Heidelberg: Springer Medizin Verlag. p. 479.
1097:{\displaystyle W={\frac {1}{2}}a_{ijkl}E_{ij}E_{kl}}
375:
In physiological state soft tissues usually present
190:, whose rubber band does the role of elastin as the
1408:is the shear modulus for infinitesimal strains and
1536:
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1433:
1400:
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1206:
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1003:
796:
757:
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681:
645:
609:
483:
351:
3430:Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration
2688:Meleger AL (June 2022). Isaac Z, Case SM (eds.).
2325:
3619:
2439:Topol H, Demirkoparan H, Pence TJ (2021-09-01).
2126:Current diagnosis & treatment in orthopedics
2117:
2530:
2326:Sherman VR, Yang W, Meyers MA (December 2015).
2536:
1997:are medical conditions affecting soft tissue.
3161:
2738:
2690:"Overview of soft tissue rheumatic disorders"
1621:Having the option of volume data acquisition;
165:
2583:Studies in Health Technology and Informatics
2543:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A
2253:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A
1615:Achieving high contrast of those components;
2660:
2149:Junqueira LC, Carneiro J, Gratzl M (2005).
772:
3168:
3154:
2745:
2731:
2305:. New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 568.
2246:
2244:
1019:Simplification for small and big stretches
410:for preconditioned soft tissues which is
3175:
2637:
2562:
2487:
2415:
2343:
2191:
138:The characteristic substances inside the
3216:Stenosing tenosynovitis (Trigger finger)
2608:Georgakoudi I, Rice WL, Hronik-Tupaj M,
2493:
2250:
2142:
1989:
1547:
1217:
398:
379:that may be released when the tissue is
200:
29:
2687:
2241:
2174:Amar M, Alkhaledi K, Cochran D (2014).
2123:
14:
3620:
2549:(2118). The Royal Society: 1551–1597.
2296:
2294:
2292:
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2076:
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2034:that can develop in the soft tissues.
3149:
2752:
2726:
2576:
2574:
2402:. Matrix Biomechanics. 85–86: 34–46.
1599:
1004:{\displaystyle W={\frac {1}{2}}\left}
484:{\displaystyle W={\frac {1}{2}}\left}
178:to the tissue and stores most of the
162:, may also produce these substances.
2539:"Constitutive modelling of arteries"
2366:
2300:
1683:Multi-Photon Excitation Fluorescence
1659:visualization and their properties.
213:(λ) of a preconditioned soft tissue.
3420:Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder
2618:Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews
2328:"The materials science of collagen"
2287:
2071:
256:
24:
2571:
370:
25:
3654:
3042:Dense irregular connective tissue
2704:
2710:
2496:Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics
1468:, which is the positive root of
1015:where a, b and c are constants.
342:
334:
326:
307:
296:
288:
280:
3059:Dense regular connective tissue
2654:
2601:
2537:Holzapfel GA, Ogden RW (2010).
2432:
2387:
2360:
2180:Journal of Engineering Research
1618:Keeping the artifact count low;
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324:
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2319:
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2095:
2015:platelet-derived growth factor
980:
920:
898:
838:
346:
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133:
13:
1:
3425:Shoulder impingement syndrome
3268:Tenosynovial giant cell tumor
2502:(2). Springer-Verlag: 53–78.
2064:
1588:in response to the growth of
3247:Synovial osteochondromatosis
2408:10.1016/j.matbio.2019.06.001
1698:Optical coherence tomography
1624:Keeping the data volume low;
797:{\displaystyle \lambda _{i}}
229:. The soft tissues are also
7:
2345:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.05.023
2037:
186:behavior is analogous to a
43:Hematoxylin and eosin stain
10:
3659:
1690:Second Harmonic Generation
1434:{\displaystyle J_{m}>0}
1221:
166:Mechanical characteristics
3574:
3537:
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3408:
3389:
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2899:
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2793:
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2630:10.1089/ten.teb.2008.0248
2508:10.1007/s12013-007-9002-3
2445:Applied Mechanics Reviews
2193:10.7603/s40632-014-0026-8
2111:National Cancer Institute
1401:{\displaystyle \mu >0}
1224:Gent (hyperelastic model)
3465:Iliotibial band syndrome
1655:Imaging methods used in
773:Isotropic simplification
718:{\displaystyle b_{ijkl}}
682:{\displaystyle a_{ijkl}}
95:in the body that is not
3598:Aggressive fibromatosis
3588:Dupuytren's contracture
2217:10.1145/2074712.2074774
142:of soft tissue are the
3262:villonodular synovitis
2564:10.1098/rspa.2010.0058
2273:10.1098/rspa.2002.1060
1538:
1462:
1435:
1402:
1373:
1208:
1098:
1005:
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767:strain energy function
759:
739:
719:
683:
647:
646:{\displaystyle E_{ij}}
622:Green-Lagrange strains
611:
485:
353:
219:hyperelastic materials
214:
91:. Soft tissue is
46:
3177:Soft tissue disorders
1995:Soft tissue disorders
1990:Clinical significance
1548:Remodeling and growth
1539:
1463:
1461:{\displaystyle J_{m}}
1436:
1403:
1374:
1222:Further information:
1218:Gent-elastic material
1209:
1099:
1006:
799:
760:
740:
720:
684:
648:
612:
486:
408:constitutive equation
399:Fung-elastic material
363:called this model as
354:
204:
33:
3593:Plantar fibromatosis
3221:De Quervain syndrome
2719:at Wikimedia Commons
2369:Rubber Chem. Technol
2211:. pp. 269–270.
2028:Soft tissue sarcomas
1999:Soft tissue injuries
1814:Up to 2–3 mm
1606:extracellular matrix
1580:and any soft tissue
1475:
1445:
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1232:
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1030:
811:
781:
749:
745:material constants.
729:
693:
657:
627:
501:
417:
276:
140:extracellular matrix
99:by the processes of
3643:Continuum mechanics
3475:Achilles tendinitis
3470:Patellar tendinitis
3241:osteochondromatosis
3228:Transient synovitis
3211:Calcific tendinitis
2555:2010RSPSA.466.1551H
2457:2021ApMRv..73e0802T
2265:2003RSPSA.459....3H
2124:Skinner HB (2006).
2008:soft tissue therapy
1746:Lateral: 1-15 μm
1719:Axial: 0.25-0.5 μm
1492:
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955:
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891:
873:
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620:quadratic forms of
223:stress-strain curve
124:reticuloendothelial
3376:Ligamentous laxity
2030:are many types of
1669:Transmission Light
1600:Imaging techniques
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174:, elastin confers
89:synovial membranes
47:
3638:Tissues (biology)
3615:
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3435:Rotator cuff tear
3355:
3354:
3347:Calcific bursitis
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2754:Connective tissue
2715:Media related to
2612:(December 2008).
2465:10.1115/1.4052752
2381:10.5254/1.3538357
1987:
1986:
1968:Moderate to high
1358:
1264:
1131:
1047:
828:
758:{\displaystyle W}
738:{\displaystyle c}
434:
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207:lagrangian stress
122:exclusive of the
16:(Redirected from
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2914:Reticular fibers
2883:Ground substance
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2301:Fung YC (1993).
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2107:NCI Dictionaries
2099:
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1822:Image stack cost
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1592:detected by the
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257:Pseudoelasticity
152:ground substance
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2909:Collagen fibers
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2845:Wandering cells
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2756:
2751:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2686:
2682:
2659:
2655:
2606:
2602:
2579:
2572:
2535:
2531:
2492:
2488:
2437:
2433:
2392:
2388:
2365:
2361:
2324:
2320:
2313:
2299:
2288:
2249:
2242:
2227:
2205:
2201:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2122:
2118:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2067:
2040:
1992:
1950:Not required
1916:Not required
1882:Not required
1743:Axial: 3-15 μm
1602:
1563:bone remodeling
1550:
1516:
1512:
1503:
1499:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1352:
1348:
1335:
1330:
1317:
1312:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1272:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1165:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1123:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1085:
1081:
1072:
1068:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1021:
968:
963:
950:
945:
932:
927:
916:
912:
911:
907:
886:
881:
868:
863:
850:
845:
834:
830:
820:
812:
809:
808:
788:
784:
782:
779:
778:
775:
750:
747:
746:
730:
727:
726:
700:
696:
694:
691:
690:
664:
660:
658:
655:
654:
634:
630:
628:
625:
624:
598:
594:
585:
581:
566:
562:
546:
542:
533:
529:
514:
510:
502:
499:
498:
459:
455:
454:
450:
440:
436:
426:
418:
415:
414:
401:
393:visual artifact
377:residual stress
373:
371:Residual stress
341:
333:
325:
306:
304:
303:
295:
287:
279:
277:
274:
273:
259:
168:
136:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3656:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3584:
3582:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3543:
3541:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3501:other/general:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3480:Calcaneal spur
3477:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3440:Golfer's elbow
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3403:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3318:Retrocalcaneal
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3284:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3257:
3256:
3254:Plica syndrome
3251:
3250:
3249:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3198:
3196:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3150:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2992:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2938:
2933:
2926:Elastic fibers
2923:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2876:
2872:Extracellular
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2820:Reticular cell
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2797:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2706:
2705:External links
2703:
2700:
2699:
2680:
2669:(4): 156–165.
2653:
2624:(4): 321–340.
2600:
2570:
2529:
2486:
2431:
2400:Matrix Biology
2386:
2359:
2318:
2311:
2286:
2259:(2029): 3–46.
2240:
2225:
2199:
2166:
2159:
2141:
2134:
2116:
2094:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2036:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1749:
1748:
1740:
1738:Lateral: 1 μm
1735:Axial: 0.5 μm
1732:
1730:Lateral: 1 μm
1727:Axial: 0.5 μm
1724:
1722:Lateral: 1 μm
1716:
1711:
1703:
1702:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1601:
1598:
1590:blood pressure
1586:cardiac muscle
1567:Mechanobiology
1549:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1455:
1451:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1380:
1379:
1367:
1362:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1119:
1105:
1104:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1012:
999:
994:
990:
987:
982:
979:
976:
971:
966:
962:
958:
953:
948:
944:
940:
935:
930:
926:
922:
919:
915:
910:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
889:
884:
880:
876:
871:
866:
862:
858:
853:
848:
844:
840:
837:
833:
827:
824:
819:
816:
791:
787:
774:
771:
754:
734:
712:
709:
706:
703:
699:
676:
673:
670:
667:
663:
640:
637:
633:
618:
617:
604:
601:
597:
591:
588:
584:
578:
575:
572:
569:
565:
561:
558:
552:
549:
545:
539:
536:
532:
526:
523:
520:
517:
513:
509:
506:
492:
491:
479:
474:
470:
467:
462:
458:
453:
449:
446:
443:
439:
433:
430:
425:
422:
400:
397:
372:
369:
360:
359:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
319:
313:
309:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
258:
255:
235:incompressible
188:nylon stocking
167:
164:
135:
132:
73:fibrous tissue
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3655:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3485:Metatarsalgia
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3381:Hypermobility
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3358:
3348:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3335:Synovial cyst
3333:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3233:Ganglion cyst
3231:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3206:Tenosynovitis
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3182:
3178:
3171:
3166:
3164:
3159:
3157:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2736:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2575:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2451:(5): 050802.
2450:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2314:
2312:0-387-97947-6
2308:
2304:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2245:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2226:9781450310291
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2194:
2189:
2186:(4): 87–101.
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2162:
2160:3-540-21965-X
2156:
2152:
2145:
2137:
2135:0-07-143833-5
2131:
2127:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2103:"Soft Tissue"
2098:
2083:
2082:"Soft tissue"
2077:
2075:
2070:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1945:Not required
1943:
1941:
1940:Not required
1938:
1936:
1935:Not required
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1911:Not required
1909:
1907:
1906:Not required
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Not required
1875:
1873:
1872:Not required
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:100-1000 μm
1807:
1805:
1804:100-1000 μm
1802:
1800:
1799:10 μm-300 μm
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1554:tropocollagen
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1453:
1449:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1016:
997:
992:
988:
985:
977:
974:
969:
964:
960:
956:
951:
946:
942:
938:
933:
928:
924:
917:
913:
908:
904:
901:
895:
892:
887:
882:
878:
874:
869:
864:
860:
856:
851:
846:
842:
835:
831:
825:
822:
817:
814:
807:
806:
805:
789:
785:
770:
768:
752:
732:
710:
707:
704:
701:
697:
674:
671:
668:
665:
661:
638:
635:
631:
623:
602:
599:
595:
589:
586:
582:
576:
573:
570:
567:
563:
559:
556:
550:
547:
543:
537:
534:
530:
524:
521:
518:
515:
511:
507:
504:
497:
496:
495:
477:
472:
468:
465:
460:
456:
451:
447:
444:
441:
437:
431:
428:
423:
420:
413:
412:
411:
409:
405:
396:
394:
390:
386:
385:Physiologists
382:
378:
368:
366:
365:pseudoelastic
330:
311:
300:
284:
272:
271:
270:
268:
264:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
212:
211:stretch ratio
208:
203:
199:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:strain energy
177:
173:
163:
161:
160:chondroblasts
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
131:
129:
125:
121:
116:
114:
110:
106:
105:calcification
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:blood vessels
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
3633:Biomechanics
3603:Knuckle pads
3576:Fibromatosis
3566:Eosinophilic
3500:
3455:
3445:Tennis elbow
3410:
3401:Tendinopathy
3391:Enthesopathy
3340:Baker's cyst
3303:Trochanteric
3260:
3239:
3194:Synoviopathy
2891:Tissue fluid
2767:
2717:Soft tissues
2693:
2683:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2621:
2617:
2603:
2586:
2582:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2448:
2444:
2434:
2399:
2389:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2302:
2256:
2252:
2208:
2202:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2150:
2144:
2125:
2119:
2106:
2097:
2085:. Retrieved
2049:Biomechanics
2026:
2019:
2012:
2004:
1994:
1993:
1982:Moderate
1981:
1976:
1971:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1654:
1634:segmentation
1630:
1603:
1571:
1551:
1381:
1106:
1022:
1014:
776:
619:
493:
406:developed a
402:
389:histologists
374:
364:
361:
267:precondition
266:
265:model after
263:hyperelastic
260:
237:and usually
231:viscoelastic
221:, and their
216:
196:
169:
137:
117:
101:ossification
49:
48:
18:Soft tissues
3628:Soft tissue
3580:contracture
3561:Necrotizing
3539:Fasciopathy
3360:Noncapsular
3308:Subacromial
3298:Prepatellar
3113:Specialized
3103:Mesenchymal
3074:Aponeurosis
2825:Tendon cell
2787:Composition
2768:Soft tissue
2054:Davis's law
2044:Biomaterial
1788:Penetration
1780:Moderate
1559:Wolff's law
239:anisotropic
209:(T) versus
156:fibroblasts
134:Composition
126:system and
50:Soft tissue
3622:Categories
3514:Tendinosis
3510:Tendinitis
3456:lower limb
3411:upper limb
3396:Enthesitis
3280:Bursopathy
2858:Macrophage
2835:Melanocyte
2810:Fibroblast
2761:Physiology
2589:: 97–129.
2151:Histologie
2065:References
2022:rheumatism
1896:Required
1867:Required
1760:Very High
1708:Resolution
1652:(<5%).
251:hysteresis
243:relaxation
120:mesenchyme
35:Micrograph
3547:Fasciitis
3490:Bone spur
3328:Iliopsoas
3293:Olecranon
3202:Synovitis
3121:Cartilage
3090:Embryonic
3047:Submucosa
3007:Reticular
2936:Fibrillin
2853:Mast cell
2830:Adipocyte
2815:Fibrocyte
2610:Kaplan DL
2481:244582251
2473:0003-6900
2375:: 59–61.
2338:: 22–50.
2281:108637580
1930:Required
1901:Required
1890:Embedding
1862:Required
1578:aneurisms
1523:−
1510:−
1501:λ
1480:λ
1390:μ
1342:−
1328:λ
1310:λ
1292:λ
1281:−
1270:
1248:μ
1242:−
1194:−
986:−
975:−
961:λ
943:λ
925:λ
893:−
879:λ
861:λ
843:λ
786:λ
466:−
322:→
312:˙
227:nonlinear
205:Graph of
184:composite
176:stiffness
170:At small
65:ligaments
3531:Nonjoint
3369:Symptoms
3313:Achilles
3288:Bursitis
3184:Capsular
3064:Ligament
2803:Resident
2778:Scarring
2773:Fibrosis
2694:UpToDate
2675:18204746
2648:18844604
2595:15923739
2524:25942366
2516:18209957
2426:31201857
2354:26144973
2235:34428866
2059:Rheology
2038:See also
1924:Staining
1856:Fixation
1754:Contrast
1714:0.25 μm
1676:Confocal
1642:formalin
1638:fixation
1594:arterial
1582:fibrosis
1574:stenosis
144:collagen
107:such as
97:hardened
53:connects
3556:Nodular
3551:Plantar
3323:Ischial
3012:Adipose
2963:Elaunin
2958:EMILIN1
2931:Elastin
2639:2817652
2551:Bibcode
2453:Bibcode
2417:6906264
2261:Bibcode
2087:13 July
1648:(10%),
1646:alcohol
765:is the
381:excised
172:strains
148:elastin
85:fasciae
61:tendons
3098:Mucoid
3069:Tendon
3052:Dermis
2990:Proper
2919:COL3A1
2901:Fibers
2874:matrix
2673:
2646:
2636:
2593:
2522:
2514:
2479:
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2309:
2279:
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2223:
2157:
2132:
2032:cancer
1848:Low
1770:High
1596:wall.
1382:where
93:tissue
87:, and
57:muscle
39:tendon
3362:joint
3186:joint
3131:Blood
3034:Dense
3022:White
3017:Brown
2999:Loose
2982:Types
2795:Cells
2520:S2CID
2477:S2CID
2277:S2CID
2231:S2CID
2109:. at
1977:High
1972:High
1828:High
1775:High
1765:Low
1650:bouin
494:with
247:creep
192:nylon
113:teeth
109:bones
77:lymph
37:of a
3126:Bone
2951:FBN3
2946:FBN2
2941:FBN1
2671:PMID
2644:PMID
2591:PMID
2512:PMID
2469:ISSN
2422:PMID
2350:PMID
2307:ISBN
2221:ISBN
2155:ISBN
2130:ISBN
2089:2020
1964:Low
1958:Cost
1843:Low
1838:Low
1833:Low
1794:N/A
1576:and
1426:>
1393:>
725:and
653:and
404:Fung
387:and
249:and
150:and
128:glia
111:and
79:and
2634:PMC
2626:doi
2587:113
2559:doi
2547:466
2504:doi
2461:doi
2412:PMC
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2377:doi
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2269:doi
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