3132:
2552:
2562:
2572:
3122:
832:- It is the process of elaboration. A hierarchy is developed by decomposing a macroscopic statement of function in a step-wise fashion until programming language statements are reached. In each step, one or several instructions of a given program are decomposed into more detailed instructions. Abstraction and Refinement are complementary concepts.
826:- Abstraction is the process or result of generalization by reducing the information content of a concept or an observable phenomenon, typically to retain only information that is relevant for a particular purpose. It is an act of Representing essential features without including the background details or explanations.
844:- It refers to the overall structure of the software and the ways in which that structure provides conceptual integrity for a system. Good software architecture will yield a good return on investment with respect to the desired outcome of the project, e.g. in terms of performance, quality, schedule and cost.
1002:
can be used to express information, knowledge or systems in a structure that is defined by a consistent set of rules. These rules are used for interpretation of the components within the structure. A modeling language can be graphical or textual. Examples of graphical modeling languages for software
764:
Systems are constructed using a set of design patterns, many of which have likely been encountered before. These patterns should always be chosen as an alternative to reinvention. Time is short and resources are limited; design time should be invested in representing (truly new) ideas by integrating
924:- the resulting software comprises well defined, independent components which leads to better maintainability. The components could be then implemented and tested in isolation before being integrated to form a desired software system. This allows division of work in a software development project.
622:
The software design model can be compared to an architected plan for a house. High-level plans represent the totality of the house (e.g., a three-dimensional rendering of the house). Lower-level plans provide guidance for constructing each detail (e.g., the plumbing lay). Similarly, the software
809:
There is sometimes a tendency to focus on minutiae when the design is reviewed, missing the forest for the trees. A design team should ensure that major conceptual elements of the design (omissions, ambiguity, inconsistency) have been addressed before worrying about the syntax of the design
796:
Even when detailed procedural designs are created for program components, the level of abstraction of the design model is higher than the source code. The only design decisions made at the coding level should address the small implementation details that enable the procedural design to be
856:- The program structure can be divided horizontally and vertically. Horizontal partitions define separate branches of modular hierarchy for each major program function. Vertical partitioning suggests that control and work should be distributed top-down in the program structure.
1190:
X would have been a complete failure if I had merely specified it and not participated fully in its initial implementation. The process of implementation constantly led me to unanticipated questions and to new insights about how the original specifications could be improved.
681:
The output of the analysis is smaller problems to solve. In contrast, the design focuses on capabilities, and thus multiple designs for the same problem can exist. Depending on the environment, the design often varies, whether it is created from reliable
777:
A design is uniform if it appears fully coherent. In order to achieve this outcome, rules of style and format should be defined for a design team before design work begins. A design is integrated if care is taken in defining interfaces between design
1352:
Ralph, P., and Wand, Y. A Proposal for a Formal
Definition of the Design Concept. In, Lyytinen, K., Loucopoulos, P., Mylopoulos, J., and Robinson, W., (eds.), Design Requirements Engineering: A Ten-Year Perspective: Springer-Verlag, 2009, pp.
906:
There are many aspects to consider in the design of a piece of software. The importance of each consideration should reflect the goals and expectations that the software is being created to meet. Some of these aspects are:
911:
Compatibility - The software is able to operate with other products that are designed for interoperability with another product. For example, a piece of software may be backward-compatible with an older version of
618:
Creativity, past experience, a sense of what makes "good" software, and a commitment to quality are success factors for a competent design. However, the design process is not always a straightforward procedure.
577:
or modified. Software design also refers to the direct result of the design process – the concepts of how the software will work which consists of both design documentation and undocumented concepts.
898:
as fundamental software design principles. The acronym PHAME (Principles of
Hierarchy, Abstraction, Modularisation, and Encapsulation) is sometimes used to refer to these four fundamental principles.
646:. It is possible to design software in the process of coding, without a plan or requirement analysis, but for more complex projects this is less feasible. A separate design prior to coding allows for
745:
Basic design principles enable a software engineer to navigate the design process. Davis suggests a set of principles for software design, which have been adapted and extended in the following list:
758:
Because a single element of the design model can often be traced back to multiple requirements, it is necessary to have a means for tracking how requirements have been satisfied by the design model.
1154:
A software designer may identify a design aspect which has been visited and perhaps even solved by others in the past. A template or pattern describing a solution to a common problem is known as a
1130:
is a general purpose specification language for expressing complex structural constraints and behavior in a software system. It provides a concise language base on first-order relational logic.
1494:
If you want to speed up the development of your .NET applications, you're ready for C# design patterns -- elegant, accepted and proven ways to tackle common programming problems.
790:
Well-designed software should never "bomb"; it should be designed to accommodate unusual circumstances, and if it must terminate processing, it should do so in a graceful manner.
3935:
955:- The software is able to operate under stress or tolerate unpredictable or invalid input. For example, it can be designed with resilience to low memory conditions.
853:
874:- Modules should be specified and designed so that information contained within a module is inaccessible to other modules that have no need for such information.
553:
936:- A measure of how easily bug fixes or functional modifications can be accomplished. High maintainability can be the product of modularity and extensibility.
1120:(UML) is a general modeling language to describe software both structurally and behaviorally. It has a graphical notation and allows for extension with a
971:
must be usable for its target user/audience. Default values for the parameters must be chosen so that they are a good choice for the majority of the users.
865:
819:
Design concepts provide a designer with a foundation from which more sophisticated methods can be applied. A set of design concepts has evolved including:
847:
507:
752:
A good designer should consider alternative approaches, judging each based on the requirements of the problem, the resources available to do the job.
4616:
2608:
803:
A variety of design concepts and design measures are available to assist the designer in assessing quality throughout the development process.
474:
1143:
1588:
546:
326:
1170:
the design for the program that it produces. To the extent that this is true, "software design" refers to the design of the design.
4685:
1087:
2305:
2277:
464:
316:
4690:
3125:
2991:
2920:
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1465:
1041:
949:- The ability to use some or all of the aspects of the preexisting software in other projects with little to no modification.
539:
439:
195:
180:
977:- The software performs its tasks within a time-frame that is acceptable for the user, and does not require too much memory.
788:
The design should be structured to degrade gently, even when aberrant data, events, or operating conditions are encountered.
3471:
2814:
2717:
2181:
1296:
Ralph, P. and Wand, Y. (2009). A proposal for a formal definition of the design concept. In
Lyytinen, K., Loucopoulos, P.,
1201:
887:
769:
The design should "minimize the intellectual distance" between the software and the problem as it exists in the real world.
459:
1084:(JSP) is a method for structured programming based on correspondences between data stream structure and program structure.
2335:
1607:
497:
4634:
3429:
2601:
1840:
1415:
1166:
The difficulty of using the term "design" in relation to software is that in some senses, the source code of a program
1021:
406:
170:
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1007:
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771:
That is, the structure of the software design should, whenever possible, mimic the structure of the problem domain.
396:
391:
147:
1963:
1241:
1236:
850:- A program structure that represents the organization of a program component and implies a hierarchy of control.
525:
634:
may be reviewed or presented to allow constraints, specifications and even requirements to be adjusted prior to
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3997:
2950:
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2712:
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943:) - The software is able to perform a required function under stated conditions for a specified period of time.
883:
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416:
129:
109:
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715:
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1973:
1878:
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1300:, and Robinson, W., editors, Design Requirements Workshop (LNBIP 14), pp. 103–136. Springer-Verlag, p. 109
667:
502:
230:
46:
654:(SMEs) to collaborate with programmers in order to produce software that is useful and technically sound.
3813:
3375:
2862:
2857:
2671:
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2300:
1798:
1251:
1099:
321:
293:
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4024:
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2900:
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2829:
2809:
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2186:
615:
The design process enables a designer to model various aspects of a software system before it exists.
444:
288:
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104:
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2320:
1968:
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1133:
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918:- New capabilities can be added to the software without major changes to the underlying architecture.
711:
210:
190:
1510:
5057:
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4273:
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3607:
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2764:
2747:
2656:
2406:
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1825:
1694:
1174:
referred to this layering of semantic levels as the "radical novelty" of computer programming, and
1137:
631:
351:
220:
200:
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479:
361:
240:
114:
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for the resulting system and involves problem-solving and planning – including both high-level
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2011:
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1996:
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245:
61:
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784:
The design concepts discussed in the next section enable a design to achieve this principle.
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185:
119:
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27:
8:
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2118:
1898:
1855:
1850:
1747:
1737:
1709:
1318:
Freeman, Peter; David Hart (2004). "A Science of design for software-intensive systems".
1231:
983:- The software should be usable across a number of different conditions and environments.
940:
336:
255:
81:
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4822:
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4236:
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3915:
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2133:
2075:
2060:
2050:
1835:
1634:
1335:
1221:
1171:
871:
862:- It is a representation of the logical relationship among individual elements of data.
829:
683:
454:
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2138:
1830:
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1461:
1436:
1411:
1379:
1277:
1182:
to describe the futility of attempting to design a program prior to implementing it:
999:
958:
801:
The design should be assessed for quality as it is being created, not after the fact.
647:
1339:
4952:
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4283:
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1991:
1913:
1802:
1788:
1783:
1732:
1719:
1644:
1597:
1482:
1327:
1301:
1211:
1025:
989:- The software adapts well to increasing data or added features or number of users.
589:
411:
374:
356:
346:
71:
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4922:
4902:
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2176:
2128:
2113:
2098:
1953:
1948:
1778:
1752:
1704:
1649:
1534:
1506:
1297:
1262:
1111:
1091:
1015:
933:
927:
687:
596:
570:
298:
250:
134:
1305:
1044:(EEML) is commonly used for business process modeling across a number of layers.
4967:
4912:
4865:
4847:
4649:
4397:
4387:
4382:
4357:
4151:
4131:
4004:
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3925:
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3828:
3818:
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3703:
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3656:
3538:
3533:
3523:
3441:
3419:
3253:
3243:
3006:
2910:
2651:
2522:
2426:
2325:
2171:
2143:
1216:
968:
859:
671:
574:
5029:
1483:"C# 3.0 Design Patterns: Use the Power of C# 3.0 to Solve Real-World Problems"
5046:
4972:
4957:
4937:
4860:
4762:
4594:
4584:
4412:
4402:
4377:
4342:
3905:
3838:
3761:
3736:
3688:
3673:
3380:
3300:
2986:
2754:
2411:
1699:
1121:
1035:
915:
734:
41:
5015:
5001:
1433:
Scenario-Based Design: Envisioning Work and
Technology in System Development
1331:
623:
design model provides a variety of views of the proposed software solution.
4855:
4832:
4802:
4787:
4076:
3693:
3634:
3446:
3397:
3348:
3323:
3275:
3268:
3021:
3016:
2945:
2507:
2166:
1530:
1373:
1175:
961:- The software is able to withstand and resist hostile acts and influences.
124:
1034:
and EXPRESS-G (ISO 10303-11) is an international standard general-purpose
930:- The software is resistant to and able to recover from component failure.
4932:
4927:
4907:
4827:
4747:
4556:
4461:
3771:
3746:
3718:
3647:
3592:
3570:
3318:
3295:
3290:
3233:
3228:
2497:
2123:
2035:
1226:
1158:. The reuse of such patterns can increase software development velocity.
1050:
are schematic representations of algorithms or other step-wise processes.
986:
946:
879:
1098:
language that is suitable primarily for modeling large object-oriented (
4546:
4141:
3920:
3642:
3622:
3476:
3314:
3031:
2996:
2586:
2517:
2447:
2040:
1773:
1629:
1272:
921:
891:
835:
807:
The design should be reviewed to minimize conceptual (semantic) errors.
727:
707:
699:
639:
4812:
4536:
4521:
4479:
4091:
3651:
3491:
2022:
1983:
1458:
Service-Oriented
Modeling: Service Analysis, Design, and Architecture
1362:
Davis, A:"201 Principles of
Software Development", McGraw Hill, 1995.
1062:
is a family of modeling languages, the most notable of which include
1047:
964:
895:
643:
76:
4146:
3193:
2779:
2083:
1566:
1456:
Bell, Michael (2008). "Introduction to
Service-Oriented Modeling".
703:
449:
401:
386:
381:
838:- Software architecture is divided into components called modules.
4767:
4695:
4435:
3305:
698:
A design process may include the production of artifacts such as
4526:
3177:
2636:
1206:
1067:
160:
3238:
2836:
1103:
1071:
1063:
235:
4278:
3047:
1059:
868:- It focuses on the processing of each module individually.
581:
469:
1056:(FMC) is modeling language for software-intensive systems.
750:
The design process should not suffer from "tunnel vision".
3146:
1179:
1010:(ADL) is a language used to describe and represent the
782:
The design should be structured to accommodate change.
1511:"On the cruelty of really teaching computing science"
1375:
Object-Oriented
Analysis and Design with Applications
775:
The design should exhibit uniformity and integration.
756:
The design should be traceable to the analysis model.
733:
Sometimes the output of a design process is design
638:. Redesign may occur after a review of a programmed
1548:
1317:
5044:
1551:Software engineering: a practitioner's approach
599:, software design is the activity of following
765:patterns that already exist (when applicable).
3162:
2602:
1606:Note: This template roughly follows the 2012
1582:
1405:
547:
794:Design is not coding, coding is not design.
3169:
3155:
2609:
2595:
1589:
1575:
1144:Service-oriented modeling framework (SOMF)
554:
540:
1480:
1094:visual Design Description Language and a
762:The design should not reinvent the wheel.
730:to help determine those specifications.
4686:Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)
2800:Software development process/methodology
2616:
1505:
1378:(3rd ed.). MA, US: Addison Wesley.
901:
657:
569:is the process of conceptualizing how a
1430:
1406:Suryanarayana, Girish (November 2014).
580:Software design usually is directed by
5045:
2306:Knowledge representation and reasoning
1408:Refactoring for Software Design Smells
508:Electrical and electronics engineering
16:Process of planning software solutions
4731:
4691:Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)
4434:
3879:
3206:
3150:
2590:
2331:Philosophy of artificial intelligence
1570:
1529:
1371:
1042:Extended Enterprise Modeling Language
3121:
2815:Software verification and validation
2718:Component-based software engineering
1650:Energy consumption (Green computing)
1596:
1455:
1202:Aspect-oriented software development
993:
740:
662:One component of software design is
2336:Distributed artificial intelligence
1608:ACM Computing Classification System
1449:
1435:. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
13:
4732:
4635:American Institute of Graphic Arts
1841:Integrated development environment
1372:Booch, Grady; et al. (2004).
1149:
1022:Business Process Modeling Notation
814:
610:
14:
5079:
4645:Design and Industries Association
2795:Software configuration management
2662:Search-based software engineering
2647:Experimental software engineering
2316:Automated planning and scheduling
1846:Software configuration management
1247:Search-based software engineering
1161:
1140:language for systems engineering.
1008:Architecture description language
434:Standards and bodies of knowledge
3131:
3130:
3120:
2570:
2560:
2551:
2550:
1410:. Morgan Kaufmann. p. 258.
3207:
2561:
1964:Computational complexity theory
1523:
1499:
1242:Outline of software engineering
1237:Outline of software development
526:Outline of software development
4640:Chartered Society of Designers
3880:
2642:Empirical software engineering
1748:Network performance evaluation
1485:. C# Books from O'Reilly Media
1474:
1424:
1399:
1365:
1356:
1346:
1311:
1290:
1128:Alloy (specification language)
1082:Jackson Structured Programming
1070:for information modeling, and
664:software requirements analysis
1:
4711:Prince Philip Designers Prize
3354:Architectural lighting design
2119:Multimedia information system
2104:Geographic information system
2094:Enterprise information system
1683:Computer systems organization
1283:
1054:Fundamental Modeling Concepts
722:software, design may involve
716:Fundamental modeling concepts
686:or implemented with suitable
632:Software design documentation
597:waterfall development process
4517:Electronic design automation
4500:Virtual home design software
3472:Automotive suspension design
2667:Site reliability engineering
2478:Computational social science
2066:Theoretical computer science
1879:Software development process
1655:Electronic design automation
1640:Very Large Scale Integration
1535:"Notes on the Errors of TeX"
1178:used his experience writing
693:
668:software development process
666:(SRA). SRA is a part of the
588:and low-level component and
7:
3376:Environmental impact design
2672:Social software engineering
2301:Natural language processing
2089:Information storage systems
1431:Carroll, John, ed. (1995).
1306:10.1007/978-3-540-92966-6_6
1252:Software Design Description
1195:
10:
5084:
4655:International Forum Design
4025:Engineering design process
3176:
2810:Software quality assurance
2217:Human–computer interaction
2187:Intrusion detection system
2099:Social information systems
2084:Database management system
1549:Roger S. Pressman (2001).
1024:(BPMN) is an example of a
601:requirements specification
289:Software quality assurance
4990:
4738:
4727:
4668:
4627:
4570:
4460:
4456:
4430:
3886:
3875:
3777:Integrated circuit design
3712:
3699:Stage/set lighting design
3631:
3588:Hardware interface design
3547:
3504:Hardware interface design
3455:
3337:
3217:
3213:
3202:
3184:
3116:
3075:
3040:
2979:
2893:
2886:
2845:
2705:
2624:
2546:
2483:Computational engineering
2458:Computational mathematics
2435:
2382:
2344:
2291:
2253:
2215:
2157:
2074:
2020:
1982:
1927:
1864:
1797:
1761:
1718:
1682:
1615:
1604:
1320:Communications of the ACM
1134:Systems Modeling Language
1118:Unified Modeling Language
1066:for functional modeling,
712:Unified Modeling Language
4612:Industrial design rights
4600:Fashion design copyright
4512:Design quality indicator
3961:Creative problem-solving
3752:Electrical system design
3608:Sonic interaction design
3519:Photographic lens design
3393:Healthy community design
2966:Model-driven engineering
2765:Functional specification
2748:Software incompatibility
2657:Requirements engineering
2493:Computational healthcare
2488:Differentiable computing
2407:Graphics processing unit
1826:Domain-specific language
1695:Computational complexity
1138:general-purpose modeling
626:
274:Configuration management
4808:New product development
4773:Enterprise architecture
4701:IF Product Design Award
4660:Design Research Society
4212:Reliability engineering
2760:Enterprise architecture
2468:Computational chemistry
2402:Photograph manipulation
2293:Artificial intelligence
2109:Decision support system
1332:10.1145/1012037.1012054
854:Structural Partitioning
573:will work before it is
498:Artificial intelligence
4264:Top-down and bottom-up
3613:User experience design
3514:Packaging and labeling
3487:Electric guitar design
3425:Landscape architecture
2971:Round-trip engineering
2728:Backward compatibility
2723:Software compatibility
2533:Educational technology
2364:Reinforcement learning
2114:Process control system
2012:Computational geometry
2002:Algorithmic efficiency
1997:Analysis of algorithms
1645:Systems on Chip (SoCs)
1193:
724:user experience design
652:subject-matter experts
422:Infrastructure as code
268:Supporting disciplines
5063:Software architecture
4793:Innovation management
4676:European Design Award
4442:Intellectual property
4259:Theory of constraints
4222:Responsibility-driven
4062:For manufacturability
3966:Creativity techniques
3804:Nuclear weapon design
3618:User interface design
3482:Corrugated box design
3403:Interior architecture
2790:Software architecture
2743:Forward compatibility
2503:Electronic publishing
2473:Computational biology
2463:Computational physics
2359:Unsupervised learning
2273:Distributed computing
2149:Information retrieval
2056:Mathematical analysis
2046:Mathematical software
1929:Theory of computation
1894:Software construction
1884:Requirements analysis
1762:Software organization
1690:Computer architecture
1660:Hardware acceleration
1625:Printed circuit board
1268:User interface design
1184:
1012:software architecture
902:Design considerations
878:In his object model,
842:Software Architecture
658:Requirements analysis
586:software architecture
279:Deployment management
5068:Computer occupations
5053:Software engineering
4838:Unintelligent design
4818:Philosophy of design
4532:Design specification
4485:Comprehensive layout
4057:For behaviour change
4030:Probabilistic design
3792:Power network design
3329:Visual merchandising
3286:Instructional design
3264:Postage stamp design
3088:Computer engineering
2785:Software archaeology
2775:Programming paradigm
2687:Software maintenance
2632:Computer programming
2618:Software engineering
2263:Concurrent computing
2235:Ubiquitous computing
2207:Application security
2202:Information security
2031:Discrete mathematics
2007:Randomized algorithm
1959:Computability theory
1937:Model of computation
1909:Software maintenance
1904:Software engineering
1866:Software development
1816:Programming language
1811:Programming paradigm
1728:Network architecture
1460:. Wiley & Sons.
1258:Software development
1096:formal specification
676:software engineering
99:Paradigms and models
28:Software development
4758:Creative industries
4681:German Design Award
4590:Design infringement
4475:Architectural model
3814:Organization design
3809:Nucleic acid design
3757:Experimental design
3310:Traffic sign design
3108:Systems engineering
3093:Information science
2873:Service orientation
2825:Structured analysis
2733:Compatibility layer
2677:Software deployment
2538:Document management
2528:Operations research
2453:Enterprise software
2369:Multi-task learning
2354:Supervised learning
2076:Information systems
1899:Software deployment
1856:Software repository
1710:Real-time computing
1232:Outline of software
941:Software durability
22:Part of a series on
4823:Process simulation
4798:Intelligent design
4122:Intelligence-based
4117:Integrated topside
4047:Framework-oriented
3732:Behavioural design
3603:Information design
3281:Information design
3098:Project management
2863:Object orientation
2830:Essential analysis
2738:Compatibility mode
2321:Search methodology
2268:Parallel computing
2225:Interaction design
2134:Computing platform
2061:Numerical analysis
2051:Information theory
1836:Software framework
1799:Software notations
1738:Network components
1635:Integrated circuit
1222:Interaction design
1172:Edsger W. Dijkstra
872:Information Hiding
866:Software Procedure
417:Release automation
294:Project management
5040:
5039:
4986:
4985:
4753:Conceptual design
4723:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4706:James Dyson Award
4562:Website wireframe
4552:Technical drawing
4426:
4425:
4274:Transgenerational
4015:Ecological design
3891:Activity-centered
3871:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3849:Spacecraft design
3643:Public art design
3581:Video game design
3559:Experience design
3529:Production design
3509:Motorcycle design
3467:Automotive design
3371:Ecological design
3249:Film title design
3144:
3143:
3071:
3070:
3012:Information model
2916:Incremental model
2770:Modeling language
2584:
2583:
2513:Electronic voting
2443:Quantum Computing
2436:Applied computing
2422:Image compression
2192:Hardware security
2182:Security services
2139:Digital marketing
1919:Open-source model
1831:Modeling language
1743:Network scheduler
1467:978-0-470-14111-3
1278:Zero One Infinity
1136:(SysML) is a new
1000:modeling language
994:Modeling language
848:Control Hierarchy
741:Design principles
648:multidisciplinary
564:
563:
455:ISO/IEC standards
5075:
5032:
5025:
5018:
5011:
5004:
4997:
4729:
4728:
4606:Geschmacksmuster
4580:Community design
4458:
4457:
4432:
4431:
4192:Process-centered
3988:Design–bid–build
3956:Cradle-to-cradle
3936:Concept-oriented
3877:
3876:
3854:Strategic design
3824:Processor design
3799:Mechanism design
3767:Geometric design
3727:Algorithm design
3667:Jewellery design
3598:Immersive design
3492:Furniture design
3437:Landscape design
3215:
3214:
3204:
3203:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3148:
3147:
3134:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3083:Computer science
2891:
2890:
2805:Software quality
2697:Systems analysis
2692:Software testing
2611:
2604:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2574:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2374:Cross-validation
2346:Machine learning
2230:Social computing
2197:Network security
1992:Algorithm design
1914:Programming team
1874:Control variable
1851:Software library
1789:Software quality
1784:Operating system
1733:Network protocol
1598:Computer science
1591:
1584:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1531:Knuth, Donald E.
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1315:
1309:
1294:
1212:Design rationale
1026:Process Modeling
1003:design include:
714:model and other
595:In terms of the
590:algorithm design
556:
549:
542:
503:Computer science
412:Build automation
19:
18:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5058:Software design
5043:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5030:
5023:
5016:
5009:
5002:
4995:
4982:
4783:Futures studies
4734:
4715:
4664:
4623:
4572:
4566:
4452:
4451:
4422:
4328:Value sensitive
4318:User innovation
4197:Public interest
4162:Object-oriented
3882:
3863:
3844:Software design
3834:Research design
3787:Physical design
3742:Database design
3716:
3714:
3708:
3684:Property design
3679:Game art design
3633:
3627:
3550:
3543:
3458:
3451:
3408:Interior design
3359:Building design
3340:
3333:
3220:
3209:
3198:
3180:
3175:
3145:
3140:
3112:
3103:Risk management
3067:
3036:
2975:
2956:Waterfall model
2926:Prototype model
2921:Iterative model
2882:
2858:Aspect-oriented
2841:
2820:Software system
2701:
2682:Software design
2620:
2615:
2585:
2580:
2571:
2542:
2523:Word processing
2431:
2417:Virtual reality
2378:
2340:
2311:Computer vision
2287:
2283:Multiprocessing
2249:
2211:
2177:Security hacker
2153:
2129:Digital library
2070:
2021:Mathematics of
2016:
1978:
1954:Automata theory
1949:Formal language
1923:
1889:Software design
1860:
1793:
1779:Virtual machine
1757:
1753:Network service
1714:
1705:Embedded system
1678:
1611:
1600:
1595:
1561:
1553:. McGraw-Hill.
1546:
1545:
1537:
1528:
1524:
1515:
1513:
1507:Dijkstra, E. W.
1504:
1500:
1488:
1486:
1481:Judith Bishop.
1479:
1475:
1468:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1347:
1316:
1312:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1263:User experience
1198:
1189:
1164:
1152:
1150:Design patterns
1112:design patterns
1110:) programs and
1092:object-oriented
1016:software system
996:
967:- The software
934:Maintainability
928:Fault-tolerance
904:
817:
815:Design concepts
743:
696:
688:design patterns
660:
629:
613:
611:General process
571:software system
567:Software design
560:
531:
530:
521:
513:
512:
493:
485:
484:
435:
427:
426:
377:
367:
366:
312:
304:
303:
299:User experience
269:
261:
260:
151:
140:
139:
100:
92:
91:
37:
36:Core activities
17:
12:
11:
5:
5081:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5027:
5020:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4991:
4988:
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4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
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4955:
4950:
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4935:
4930:
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4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4851:
4850:
4848:Wicked problem
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:Related topics
4725:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4650:Design Council
4647:
4642:
4637:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4617:European Union
4609:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4576:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4466:
4464:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4303:
4298:
4296:Usage-centered
4293:
4292:
4291:
4289:Design for All
4281:
4276:
4271:
4269:Transformation
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4217:Research-based
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4182:Platform-based
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4132:KISS principle
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4042:Fault-tolerant
4039:
4037:Error-tolerant
4034:
4033:
4032:
4022:
4020:Energy neutral
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3976:Design fiction
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3859:Systems design
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3829:Protein design
3826:
3821:
3819:Process design
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3782:Circuit design
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3704:Textile design
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3662:Costume design
3657:Fashion design
3654:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3555:
3553:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3539:Service design
3536:
3534:Sensory design
3531:
3526:
3524:Product design
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3463:
3461:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3442:Spatial design
3439:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3422:
3420:Keyline design
3417:
3416:
3415:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3386:Computer-aided
3378:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3312:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3254:Graphic design
3251:
3246:
3244:Exhibit design
3241:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3211:
3210:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3151:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3128:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3076:Related fields
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3007:Function model
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2911:Executable UML
2908:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
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2792:
2787:
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2777:
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2762:
2757:
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2730:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2652:Formal methods
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2591:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2568:
2558:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2427:Solid modeling
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2388:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2326:Control method
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2278:Multithreading
2275:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2172:Formal methods
2169:
2163:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2144:World Wide Web
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1933:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
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1876:
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1417:978-0128013977
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1298:Mylopoulos, J.
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1217:Graphic design
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1162:Code as design
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1156:design pattern
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892:Modularisation
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672:specifications
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650:designers and
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445:IEEE standards
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150:and frameworks
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4963:specification
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4876:architectural
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4869:
4867:
4864:
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4859:
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4843:Visualization
4841:
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4779:
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4763:Cultural icon
4761:
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4628:Organizations
4626:
4618:
4615:
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4610:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4595:Design patent
4593:
4591:
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4585:Design around
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4445:Organizations
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4330:
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4321:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4308:
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4306:User-centered
4304:
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4299:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
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4260:
4257:
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4254:Tableless web
4252:
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4230:
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4205:
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4180:
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4177:Participatory
4175:
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4067:For Six Sigma
4065:
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4040:
4038:
4035:
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4018:
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4013:
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4010:Domain-driven
4008:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3998:architect-led
3996:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
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3977:
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3941:Configuration
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3906:Brainstorming
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
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3885:
3878:
3874:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
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3840:
3839:Social design
3837:
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3830:
3827:
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3812:
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3800:
3797:
3793:
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3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3762:Filter design
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3737:Boiler design
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3689:Scenic design
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3674:Floral design
3672:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
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3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
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3391:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3381:Garden design
3379:
3377:
3374:
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3369:
3365:
3364:Passive solar
3362:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
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3342:
3339:Environmental
3336:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3301:Retail design
3299:
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3274:
3270:
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3219:Communication
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2258:
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2245:Accessibility
2243:
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2240:Visualization
2238:
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2039:
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2034:
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2029:
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2026:
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2019:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
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1967:
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1962:
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1706:
1703:
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1700:Dependability
1698:
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1560:0-07-365578-3
1556:
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1495:
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1419:
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1409:
1402:
1387:
1385:0-201-89551-X
1381:
1377:
1376:
1368:
1359:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1326:(8): 19–21 .
1325:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1303:
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4833:STEAM fields
4803:Lean startup
4788:Indie design
4604:
4571:Intellectual
4323:Value-driven
4301:Use-centered
4207:Regenerative
4187:Policy-based
4147:Mind mapping
4052:For assembly
3993:Design–build
3911:By committee
3896:Adaptive web
3843:
3694:Sound design
3652:glass design
3650: /
3635:applied arts
3576:Level design
3447:Urban design
3398:Hotel design
3349:Architecture
3324:Video design
3317: /
3308: /
3276:Illustration
3269:Print design
3239:Brand design
3022:Object model
3017:Metamodeling
2946:Spiral model
2846:Orientations
2681:
2508:Cyberwarfare
2167:Cryptography
1888:
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1514:. Retrieved
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1389:. Retrieved
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402:UML Modeling
397:GUI designer
62:Construction
56:
52:Requirements
4871:competition
4828:Slow design
4778:Form factor
4748:Concept art
4557:HTML editor
4237:Sustainable
4072:For testing
3916:By contract
3772:Work design
3747:Drug design
3719:engineering
3593:Icon design
3571:Game design
3549:Interaction
3497:Sustainable
3430:Sustainable
3319:Type design
3296:Photography
3291:News design
3234:Book design
3229:Advertising
3208:Disciplines
2713:Abstraction
2518:Video games
2498:Digital art
2255:Concurrency
2124:Data mining
2036:Probability
1769:Interpreter
1254:(IEEE 1016)
1227:Icon design
987:Scalability
981:Portability
975:Performance
947:Reusability
884:Abstraction
880:Grady Booch
824:Abstraction
778:components.
726:yielding a
670:that lists
603:and before
575:implemented
120:Prototyping
115:Incremental
87:Maintenance
67:Engineering
5047:Categories
5031:Wiktionary
5024:Wikisource
4978:technology
4948:principles
4547:Storyboard
4373:management
4368:leadership
4333:Privacy by
4172:Parametric
4142:Metadesign
4112:Integrated
4102:High-level
4087:Generative
4082:Functional
3951:Continuous
3946:Contextual
3921:C-K theory
3881:Approaches
3623:Web design
3477:CMF design
3457:Industrial
3315:Typography
3032:View model
2997:Data model
2576:Glossaries
2448:E-commerce
2041:Statistics
1984:Algorithms
1942:Stochastic
1774:Middleware
1630:Peripheral
1516:2014-01-10
1489:2012-05-15
1442:0471076597
1391:30 January
1284:References
1273:Web design
1076:ontologies
1048:Flowcharts
953:Robustness
922:Modularity
836:Modularity
830:Refinement
728:storyboard
708:Pseudocode
700:flow chart
684:frameworks
640:simulation
492:Glossaries
82:Deployment
5017:Wikiquote
5003:Wikibooks
4953:rationale
4918:knowledge
4893:education
4813:OODA loop
4537:Prototype
4522:Flowchart
4480:Blueprint
4348:computing
4284:Universal
4232:Safe-life
4137:Low-level
4127:Iterative
4107:Inclusive
4092:Geodesign
3983:Defensive
3931:Co-design
3901:Affective
3041:Languages
2397:Rendering
2392:Animation
2023:computing
1974:Semantics
1665:Processor
1038:language.
1028:language.
965:Usability
896:Hierarchy
882:mentions
694:Artifacts
644:prototype
311:Practices
135:Waterfall
110:Cleanroom
77:Debugging
47:Processes
5010:Wikinews
4943:paradigm
4923:language
4903:engineer
4898:elements
4888:director
4573:property
4418:thinking
4408:strategy
4393:research
4353:controls
4311:Empathic
4242:Systemic
4202:Rational
4157:New Wave
3971:Critical
3194:Designer
3136:Category
3002:ER model
2868:Ontology
2780:Software
2706:Concepts
2556:Category
2384:Graphics
2159:Security
1821:Compiler
1720:Networks
1617:Hardware
1533:(1989).
1509:(1988).
1340:14331332
1196:See also
959:Security
704:use case
674:used in
520:Outlines
450:ISO 9001
392:Profiler
387:Debugger
382:Compiler
357:Stand-up
4996:Commons
4968:studies
4913:history
4881:student
4866:classic
4854:Design
4768:.design
4696:Graphex
4398:science
4388:pattern
4383:methods
4358:culture
4341:Design
4152:Modular
4005:Diffuse
3926:Closure
3648:Ceramic
3306:Signage
3189:Outline
3126:Commons
2951:V-model
2566:Outline
1353:103-136
1032:EXPRESS
912:itself.
191:Lean SD
130:V model
72:Testing
4973:studio
4958:review
4938:museum
4861:change
4669:Awards
4542:Sketch
4527:Mockup
4507:CAutoD
4448:Awards
4413:theory
4403:sprint
4378:marker
4343:choice
3717:&
3715:design
3551:design
3459:design
3341:design
3259:Motion
3221:design
3178:Design
2887:Models
2637:DevOps
2625:Fields
1557:
1464:
1439:
1414:
1382:
1338:
1207:Design
1090:is an
1088:LePUS3
1068:IDEF1X
894:, and
810:model.
797:coded.
718:. For
636:coding
605:coding
465:SWEBOK
186:Kanban
161:DevOps
125:Spiral
57:Design
4856:brief
4743:Agile
4462:Tools
4439:Tools
4077:For X
3713:Other
3632:Other
3063:SysML
2987:SPICE
2980:Other
2941:Scrum
2901:Agile
2853:Agile
2837:CI/CD
1969:Logic
1803:tools
1538:(PDF)
1336:S2CID
1072:IDEF5
1064:IDEF0
1014:of a
627:Value
582:goals
460:PMBOK
375:Tools
236:SEMAT
231:Scrum
105:Agile
4933:load
4928:life
4908:firm
4495:CAID
4363:flow
4279:TRIZ
4167:Open
3048:IDEF
2992:CMMI
2878:SDLC
1801:and
1674:Form
1670:Size
1555:ISBN
1462:ISBN
1437:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1393:2015
1380:ISBN
1100:Java
1060:IDEF
475:IREB
470:ITIL
440:CMMI
317:ATDD
226:SAFe
196:LeSS
171:DSDM
4490:CAD
4470:AAD
4247:SOD
4227:RWD
4097:HCD
3564:EED
3413:EID
3058:USL
3053:UML
2931:RAD
2906:EUP
1328:doi
1302:doi
1180:TeX
1104:C++
678:.
642:or
480:OMG
407:IDE
362:TDD
352:SBE
342:DDD
327:CCO
322:BDD
246:TSP
241:TDD
221:RUP
216:RAD
211:PSP
206:MSF
201:MDD
181:IID
176:FDD
166:DAD
156:ASD
5049::
2961:XP
2936:UP
1672:/
1492:.
1334:.
1324:47
1322:.
1168:is
1108:C#
1106:,
1102:,
998:A
890:,
886:,
737:.
710:,
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702:,
690:.
607:.
592:.
347:PP
337:CD
332:CI
256:XP
251:UP
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