335:
72:
780:
1771:
828:
616:
satellite was tumbling out of control and quickly losing battery life. SMM Operations
Control Center engineers shut down all non-essential satellite subsystems and with a bit of luck were able to recover the satellite minutes before total failure. The ground support engineers then stabilized the satellite and nulled its rotation rates for capture with the
27:
611:
to capture the satellite and to bring it into the orbiter's payload bay for repairs and servicing. The plan was to use an astronaut-piloted
Maneuvering Unit to grapple the satellite with the Trunnion Pin Attachment Device (TPAD) mounted between the hand controllers of the Maneuvering Unit, null its
615:
This led to an improvised plan which nearly ended the satellite's mission. The improvisation had the astronaut use his hands to grab hold of a solar array and null the rotation with a push from the
Maneuvering Unit's thrusters. Instead, this attempt induced higher rates and in multiple axes; the
580:
in order to maintain attitude. In this mode, only three of the seven instruments on board were usable, as the others required the satellite to be accurately pointed at the Sun. The use of the satellite's magnetorquers prevented the satellite from being used in a stable position and caused it to
627:
During the mission, the SMM's entire attitude control system module and the electronics module for the coronagraph/polarimeter instrument were replaced, and a gas cover was installed over the X-ray polychromator. Their successful work added five more years to the lifespan of the satellite. The
612:
rotation rates, and allow the
Shuttle to bring it into the Shuttle's payload bay for stowage. Three attempts to grapple the satellite using the TPAD failed. The TPAD jaws could not lock onto Solar Max because of an obstructing grommet on the satellite not included in its blueprints.
948:
All four of those instruments require pointing accuracy from the spacecraft and could not function effectively with the spacecraft spinning through space with its longitudinal axis pointed toward the sun, as it has since the attitude control system
1107:
Strong, Keith T.; Saba, Julia L. R.; Haisch, Bernhard M.; Schmelz, Joan T. (1999). Strong KT; Saba JLR; Haisch BM; Schmelz JT (eds.). "The many faces of the sun : a summary of the results from NASA's Solar
Maximum Mission".
980:
Repairs to be made during the mission include replacing the attitude control system module, replacing the main electronics box on the
Polarimeter/Polarimeter, and placing a cover over the gas vent of the X-Ray
1621:
1130:
1589:
1874:
569:
The white-light coronagraph/polarimeter (C/P) took coronal images for about six months from March 1980 before suffering an electronics failure in
September that prevented operation.
899:
The satellite bus was taken from the
Multimission Modular Spacecraft (MMS), which has been proven on previous MMS-based missions: the Solar Maximum Mission and Landsat 4 and 5.
197:
2505:
2410:
1536:
1556:
2115:
2698:
2495:
2262:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2289:
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2281:
1420:
1605:
2878:
2760:
2607:
2602:
2585:
2515:
2157:
1663:
2934:
2883:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
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2833:
2828:
2818:
2775:
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2740:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2693:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2654:
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2644:
2639:
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2624:
2619:
2597:
2591:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2530:
2520:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2468:
2458:
2397:
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2387:
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2377:
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2310:
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2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
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2152:
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2873:
2445:
1531:
1378:
2823:
2786:
2735:
2510:
2277:
2257:
2197:
2162:
1838:
1450:
1445:
791:
cycle maximum (when the greatest number of dark 'sunspots' appear). This is because sunspots are surrounded by bright features called
2272:
1879:
1270:
2812:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
1917:
1209:
882:
2949:
2403:
1265:
787:
Significantly, the SMM's ACRIM instrument package showed that contrary to expectations, the Sun is actually brighter during the
2108:
1746:
816:
SMM lost attitude control on
November 17, 1989, and re-entry and burn-up occurred on December 2, 1989, over the Indian Ocean.
584:
The first orbiting, uncrewed satellite to be repaired in space, SMM was notable in that its useful life compared with similar
1304:
813:
was reported to have led to SMM dropping half a kilometre at the start of the storm and 5 kilometres over the whole period.
2919:
1864:
1859:
1159:
382:
1169:
2944:
1947:
1613:
1320:
856:
993:
2101:
1982:
1869:
528:
194:
1435:
964:
929:
370:
119:
392:
failure in
November 1980 it was put in standby mode until April 1984 when it was repaired by a Shuttle mission.
1962:
1807:
1288:
1280:
556:
490:
1942:
1249:
1229:
841:
1967:
1774:
1383:
1202:
810:
465:
1952:
1819:
573:
542:
389:
65:
624:
so that the robotic arm was able to capture and maneuver it into the shuttle's payload bay for repairs.
1977:
1972:
1927:
1699:
1694:
1455:
1328:
486:
2929:
604:
438:
339:
798:
The major scientific findings from the SMM are presented in several review articles in a monograph.
1668:
1233:
1177:
1150:
593:
80:
59:
2894:
Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
1854:
1195:
1094:
1081:
1055:
1042:
1029:
608:
445:
Ultraviolet Spectrometer and polarimeter 175.0–360.0 nm raster imager, 0.004 nm sp.res.
334:
1957:
1937:
1521:
1373:
458:
581:"wobble" around its nominally sun-pointed attitude. SMM was left in standby mode for 3 years.
511:
620:. This proved to be a much better plan. The satellite had been fitted with one of the arm's
1566:
1412:
1393:
1113:
482:
265:
129:
8:
2140:
2129:
2125:
2038:
1405:
588:
was significantly increased by the direct intervention of a crewed space mission. During
396:
295:
1117:
1068:
472:
Soft X-ray Polychromator: raster imager, crystal spectrom. in parts of 0.14–2.25 nm
71:
2093:
1932:
1922:
1800:
1751:
1511:
1312:
1296:
917:
886:
851:
833:
806:
SMM's orbit slowly decayed due to atmospheric drag taking it down into denser regions.
634:
524:
2068:
2048:
1897:
1833:
1352:
1110:
The Many Faces of the Sun: A Summary of the Results from Nasa's Solar Maximum Mission
861:
507:
369:. It was launched on February 14, 1980. The SMM was the first satellite based on the
2053:
2033:
1785:
600:
248:
1907:
1902:
1709:
1181:
1163:
621:
535:
Gamma-ray Spectrometer: NaI(T1),0.01-100 MeV in 476 channels, 16.4 s per spectrum
258:
2780:
2073:
2008:
305:
1218:
1156:
518:
Hard X-ray Burst Spectrometer: CsI(Na), 15 energy channels covering 20–260 keV
373:
bus manufactured by Fairchild Industries, a platform which was later used for
2913:
1912:
1875:
Katherine Johnson Independent Verification and Validation Facility (IV&V)
1793:
1704:
1440:
1336:
846:
779:
577:
549:
Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor: 0.001-1000 micrometer solar flux
498:
428:
114:
2063:
2058:
2043:
1551:
997:
792:
366:
2730:
2688:
2535:
2525:
2500:
2337:
2325:
2247:
2078:
1541:
478:
424:
395:
The Solar Maximum Mission ended on December 2, 1989, when the spacecraft
315:
2362:
2315:
2014:
Christyl Johnson (Deputy Director, Technology and Research Investments)
1187:
585:
453:
184:
2724:
2474:
1725:
1689:
1637:
1516:
1257:
994:"Sungrazing comets observed by the solar maximum mission coronagraph"
378:
374:
354:
2902:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
2667:
2613:
2452:
2357:
2331:
2202:
1756:
589:
343:
1658:
1629:
1597:
1526:
1504:
1400:
1388:
1017:
788:
2661:
2463:
1573:
1430:
1425:
1344:
342:
attempts to capture the Solar Maximum Mission satellite during
1095:
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989IAUC.4884....1S/abstract
1082:
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989IAUC.4815....1S/abstract
1056:
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988IAUC.4692....1S/abstract
1043:
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988IAUC.4684....1S/abstract
1030:
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988IAUC.4668....1S/abstract
795:, which more than cancel the darkening effect of the sunspot.
2755:
1730:
1561:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1460:
449:
285:
275:
1816:
1684:
936:
629:
617:
462:
52:
427:/Polarimeter: 446.5–658.3 nm, 1.5- 6 sq.solar radii
362:
2123:
1174:
1106:
783:
A coronal transient as seen by the SMM on May 5, 1980.
26:
1069:
http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/04700/04793.html
1815:
823:
572:
In November 1980, the second of four fuses in SMM's
646:10 comets were discovered in images from the SMM.
2911:
96:Final: 9 years, 9 months, 17 days
1918:Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRS)
408:Experiments on board the Solar Maximum Mission
2898:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
2109:
1801:
1203:
959:
957:
1865:Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (CSBF)
2116:
2102:
1860:Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS)
1808:
1794:
1210:
1196:
1131:"Effects of the March 1989 Solar Activity"
501:6.4 arcmin, 8 or 32 arcsec res, 3.5–30 keV
70:
25:
2017:Ray Rubilotta (Associate Center Director)
1948:Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)
954:
913:
911:
909:
907:
883:"TOPEX/Poseidon – Description of Mission"
576:system failed, causing it to rely on its
1217:
778:
333:
16:Satellite to investigate Solar phenomena
2912:
1100:
904:
880:
641:
599:rendezvoused with the SMM, astronauts
2097:
1789:
1191:
986:
885:. University of Texas. Archived from
881:Suzuki, Masaharu (11 February 1999).
564:
434:Solar corona, prominences, and flares
399:and burned up over the Indian Ocean.
147:4 by 2.3 metres (13.1 by 7.5 ft)
2935:Spacecraft launched by Delta rockets
1943:Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO)
1133:, by Allen, Frank, Sauer, Reiff, in
1018:My Solwind Comets (by Rainer Kracht)
383:Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite
139:2,315.0 kilograms (5,103.7 lb)
13:
2940:Spacecraft which reentered in 1989
2925:Satellites formerly orbiting Earth
1968:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)
1953:Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE)
1590:Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer
1321:Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
857:Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
475:Solar flares, active solar regions
14:
2961:
1983:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
1978:James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
1928:Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE)
1870:Spacecraft Magnetic Test Facility
1144:
801:
628:mission was depicted in the 1985
497:Hard X-ray Imaging Spectrometer:
1973:Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)
1770:
1769:
826:
529:NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
489:, Leonard, Gabriel, Alan-Henri,
290:512.0 kilometers (318.1 mi)
280:508.0 kilometers (315.7 mi)
1880:Spacecraft Fabrication Facility
1124:
1087:
1074:
1061:
521:Solar flares and active regions
504:Solar active regions and flares
371:Multimission Modular Spacecraft
120:Multimission Modular Spacecraft
2950:NASA satellites orbiting Earth
1963:Goddard Earth Observing System
1170:SMM C/P Coronal Mass Ejections
1048:
1035:
1022:
1011:
922:
874:
557:NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
491:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
402:
361:) was designed to investigate
82:
1:
2005:Dennis J. Andrucyk (Director)
1855:Wallops Flight Facility (WFF)
1230:List of heliophysics missions
867:
842:Advanced Composition Explorer
746:O.C. St. Cyr, David L. Kobe
1938:Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
1157:Marshall Space Flight Center
811:March 1989 geomagnetic storm
466:Marshall Space Flight Center
7:
2920:Spacecraft launched in 1980
1820:Goddard Space Flight Center
1137:, November 14, 1989 p. 1488
918:SOLAR MAXIMUM MISSION (SMM)
819:
774:
543:University of New Hampshire
168:February 14, 1980, 15:57:00
10:
2966:
1456:Orbiting Solar Observatory
1421:Intercosmos 26 (Koronas I)
1329:Solar Dynamics Observatory
487:University College, London
459:Tandberg-Hanssen, Einar A.
2945:Solar space observatories
2892:
2148:
2024:
1998:
1991:
1888:
1847:
1826:
1765:
1739:
1718:
1677:
1651:
1582:
1366:
1242:
1225:
669:Dr Orville Chris St. Cyr
439:High Altitude Observatory
397:re-entered the atmosphere
328:
324:
314:
304:
294:
284:
274:
264:
254:
244:
239:
235:
231:
216:
211:
207:
203:
190:
180:
164:
159:
155:
151:
143:
135:
125:
113:
108:
104:
100:
92:
79:
58:
48:
40:
36:
24:
2011:(Deputy Center Director)
1234:List of solar telescopes
365:phenomena, particularly
609:Manned Maneuvering Unit
419:Principal Investigator
1958:NASA Earth Observatory
1374:Apollo Telescope Mount
1175:Total Solar Irradiance
1112:. New York: Springer.
784:
347:
31:Solar Maximum Mission.
2506:Meteor-Priroda No.3-1
1522:Pioneer 6, 7, 8 and 9
1379:Coronas F (Koronas F)
782:
702:David Kobe, C. Waugh
618:Shuttle's robotic arm
607:attempted to use the
512:University of Utrecht
352:Solar Maximum Mission
337:
245:Reference system
109:Spacecraft properties
20:Solar Maximum Mission
2132:Orbital launches in
1219:Solar space missions
965:"STS-41-C Press Kit"
930:"STS-41-C Press Kit"
555:Willson, Richard C,
130:Fairchild Industries
2039:Robert Bindschadler
1118:1999mfs..conf.....S
889:on 20 November 2013
642:Discovery of comets
592:in April 1984, the
409:
172:1980-02-14UTC15:57Z
21:
2025:Notable scientists
1933:Near Earth Network
1923:Hitchhiker Program
1413:Hinotori (Astro-A)
1313:Parker Solar Probe
1180:2017-06-11 at the
1162:2007-05-24 at the
852:Parker Solar Probe
834:Spaceflight portal
785:
735:Andrew L. Stanger
635:The Dream Is Alive
565:Failure and repair
508:de Jager, Cornelis
483:Lockheed Palo Alto
407:
348:
310:94.80 minutes
240:Orbital parameters
19:
2907:
2906:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2069:Lissette Martinez
2049:Gene Carl Feldman
1898:Explorers Program
1834:Robert H. Goddard
1783:
1782:
862:WIND (spacecraft)
772:
771:
674:C/1987 U4 (SMM-2)
562:
561:
541:Chupp, Edward L,
525:Frost, Kenneth J.
437:House, Lewis L.,
431:, 6.4 arcsec res.
332:
331:
300:28.5 degrees
2957:
2930:Solar telescopes
2137:
2136:
2135:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2054:Orlando Figueroa
2034:David Louis Band
1996:
1995:
1889:Notable missions
1810:
1803:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1773:
1772:
1644:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1594:
1574:Yohkoh (Solar-A)
1359:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1325:
1317:
1309:
1301:
1297:Hinode (Solar-B)
1293:
1285:
1277:
1274:
1262:
1254:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1138:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1104:
1098:
1091:
1085:
1078:
1072:
1065:
1059:
1052:
1046:
1039:
1033:
1026:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
996:. Archived from
990:
984:
983:
977:
975:
969:
961:
952:
951:
945:
943:
934:
926:
920:
915:
902:
901:
896:
894:
878:
836:
831:
830:
829:
663:C1987 T2 (SMM-1)
655:Observation date
649:
648:
622:grapple fixtures
601:James van Hoften
574:attitude control
552:solar irradiance
538:solar gamma-rays
410:
406:
390:attitude control
276:Perigee altitude
227:
225:
220:December 2, 1989
175:
173:
160:Start of mission
93:Mission duration
84:
75:
74:
68:
29:
22:
18:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2888:
2496:Gorizont No.15L
2144:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2092:
2083:
2026:
2020:
1987:
1908:Getaway Special
1903:Landsat program
1890:
1884:
1843:
1822:
1814:
1784:
1779:
1761:
1735:
1714:
1710:Solar Sentinels
1673:
1647:
1642:
1632:
1624:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1592:
1578:
1362:
1357:
1347:
1339:
1331:
1323:
1315:
1307:
1299:
1291:
1283:
1275:
1268:
1260:
1252:
1238:
1221:
1216:
1182:Wayback Machine
1164:Wayback Machine
1147:
1142:
1141:
1129:
1125:
1105:
1101:
1092:
1088:
1079:
1075:
1066:
1062:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1036:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1012:
1003:
1001:
992:
991:
987:
973:
971:
967:
963:
962:
955:
941:
939:
932:
928:
927:
923:
916:
905:
892:
890:
879:
875:
870:
832:
827:
825:
822:
804:
777:
644:
567:
479:Acton, Loren W.
405:
381:as well as the
286:Apogee altitude
223:
221:
171:
169:
69:
64:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2963:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2905:
2904:
2893:
2890:
2889:
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2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2809:
2783:
2781:Intelsat V F-2
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
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2642:
2637:
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2627:
2622:
2617:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
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2483:
2478:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
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2345:
2340:
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2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
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2303:
2298:
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2270:
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2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
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2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2139:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2074:John C. Mather
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:Anne L. Kinney
2006:
2002:
2000:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
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1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1894:
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2879:Ekran No.20L
2811:
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2761:Molniya 1-48
2723:
2699:Gran' No.17L
2666:
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2608:Molniya 3-13
2603:Rohini RS-1B
2590:
2586:Ekran No.19L
2516:Molniya 1-47
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2263:Gran' No.16L
2252:
2158:Molniya 1-46
2064:Marc Kuchner
2059:James Hansen
2044:Fred Espenak
1891:and programs
1839:GSFC History
1638:
1567:
1546:
1436:ICE / ISEE-3
1406:
1394:
1358:(since 1994)
1353:
1348:(since 2006)
1340:(since 2020)
1332:(since 2010)
1324:(since 1995)
1316:(since 2018)
1308:(since 2013)
1300:(since 2006)
1292:(since 2015)
1284:(since 2021)
1281:CHASE (Xihe)
1276:(since 2022)
1261:(since 2023)
1253:(since 1997)
1134:
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1024:
1013:
1002:. Retrieved
998:the original
988:
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972:. Retrieved
947:
940:. Retrieved
924:
898:
891:. Retrieved
887:the original
876:
815:
808:
805:
797:
786:
732:Oct 24, 1988
721:Nov 18, 1988
699:Aug 21, 1988
688:Jun 27, 1988
645:
633:
626:
614:
595:
583:
571:
568:
394:
387:
367:solar flares
358:
351:
349:
266:Eccentricity
126:Manufacturer
41:Mission type
2884:Kosmos 1236
2869:Kosmos 1235
2864:Kosmos 1234
2859:Kosmos 1233
2854:Kosmos 1232
2849:Kosmos 1231
2844:Kosmos 1230
2839:Kosmos 1229
2834:Kosmos 1228
2829:Kosmos 1227
2819:Kosmos 1226
2776:Kosmos 1225
2771:Kosmos 1224
2766:Kosmos 1222
2751:Kosmos 1221
2746:Kosmos 1220
2741:Kosmos 1219
2731:Kosmos 1217
2719:Kosmos 1218
2714:Kosmos 1216
2709:Kosmos 1215
2704:Kosmos 1214
2694:Kosmos 1213
2689:Progress 11
2684:Kosmos 1212
2679:Kosmos 1211
2674:Kosmos 1210
2655:Meteor 2-06
2650:Kosmos 1208
2645:Kosmos 1207
2640:Kosmos 1206
2635:Kosmos 1205
2630:Kosmos 1204
2625:Kosmos 1203
2620:Kosmos 1202
2598:Kosmos 1201
2592:DMSP-5D1 F5
2581:Kosmos 1200
2576:Kosmos 1199
2571:Kosmos 1198
2566:Kosmos 1197
2561:Kosmos 1196
2556:Kosmos 1195
2551:Kosmos 1194
2546:Kosmos 1193
2541:Kosmos 1192
2536:Kosmos 1191
2531:Kosmos 1190
2526:Progress 10
2521:Kosmos 1189
2501:Kosmos 1188
2491:Kosmos 1187
2486:Kosmos 1186
2481:Kosmos 1185
2469:Kosmos 1184
2459:Kosmos 1183
2398:Kosmos 1182
2393:Kosmos 1181
2388:Kosmos 1180
2383:Kosmos 1179
2378:Kosmos 1178
2373:Kosmos 1177
2368:Kosmos 1176
2353:Kosmos 1175
2348:Kosmos 1174
2343:Kosmos 1173
2338:Kosmos 1172
2326:Kosmos 1171
2321:Kosmos 1170
2311:Kosmos 1169
2306:Kosmos 1168
2301:Kosmos 1167
2296:Kosmos 1166
2268:Kosmos 1165
2248:Kosmos 1164
2243:Kosmos 1163
2238:Kosmos 1162
2233:Kosmos 1161
2228:Kosmos 1160
2223:Kosmos 1159
2218:Kosmos 1158
2213:Kosmos 1157
2208:Kosmos 1156
2193:Kosmos 1155
2188:Kosmos 1154
2183:Kosmos 1153
2178:Kosmos 1152
2173:Kosmos 1151
2168:Kosmos 1150
2153:Kosmos 1149
2079:Nancy Roman
1552:Spartan 201
1269: [
765:Sep 28,1989
743:Jun 2, 1989
677:Oct 17,1987
658:Discoverer
652:Designation
425:Coronagraph
403:Instruments
316:Mean motion
296:Inclination
191:Launch site
165:Launch date
136:Launch mass
2914:Categories
2363:Progress 9
2316:Progress 8
1999:Leadership
1848:Facilities
1004:2022-07-02
868:References
754:Jul 8,1989
666:Oct 5,1987
596:Challenger
586:spacecraft
454:atmosphere
448:Solar UV,
375:Landsats 4
338:Astronaut
249:Geocentric
224:1989-12-03
217:Decay date
185:Delta 3910
144:Dimensions
2896:underline
2874:Prognoz 8
2725:Soyuz T-3
2475:Soyuz T-2
2446:Amsat-P3A
2411:Firewheel
1740:Sun-Earth
1726:Pioneer E
1690:Pioneer H
1678:Cancelled
1532:Prognoz 6
1517:Pioneer 5
1258:Aditya-L1
388:After an
355:satellite
259:Low Earth
176: UTC
66:1980-014A
60:COSPAR ID
2824:OPS 5805
2787:OPS 3255
2736:OPS 6294
2668:Soyuz 38
2614:Soyuz 37
2511:OPS 3123
2453:Soyuz 36
2358:OPS 5118
2332:Soyuz 35
2278:OPS 7245
2258:Tansei-4
2253:SolarMax
2203:OPS 5117
2198:OPS 2581
2163:OPS 6293
1775:Category
1757:ACRIMSAT
1669:Sundiver
1652:Proposed
1547:SolarMax
1178:Archived
1160:Archived
949:failure.
820:See also
775:Findings
590:STS-41-C
359:SolarMax
344:STS-41-C
49:Operator
2900:italics
2273:Ayame-2
1659:ADAHELI
1622:TRACERS
1614:SWFO-L1
1598:PROBA-3
1583:Planned
1568:Ulysses
1527:PROBA-2
1505:Solwind
1451:MinXSS2
1446:MinXSS1
1401:GOES 13
1395:Genesis
1389:ESRO 2B
1243:Current
1151:HEASARC
1114:Bibcode
793:faculae
789:sunspot
270:0.00029
222: (
170: (
81:SATCAT
2813:LIPS-1
2662:GOES 4
2464:NOAA-B
2439:FIRE E
2432:FIRE D
2425:FIRE C
2418:FIRE B
2141:1981 →
2126:← 1979
1992:People
1643:(2031)
1633:(2028)
1625:(2025)
1617:(2025)
1609:(2025)
1601:(2024)
1593:(2024)
1537:RHESSI
1512:PICARD
1431:ISEE-2
1426:ISEE-1
1407:Helios
1384:EURECA
1345:STEREO
1289:DSCOVR
974:9 July
970:. NASA
942:9 July
893:9 July
632:movie
416:Target
306:Period
255:Regime
198:LC-17A
181:Rocket
2805:SSU-3
2799:SSU-2
2793:SSU-1
2756:SBS 1
2404:CAT-2
2290:SSU-3
2286:SSU-2
2282:SSU-1
1747:SORCE
1731:OSO C
1700:OSO K
1695:OSO J
1639:Vigil
1606:PUNCH
1562:TRACE
1542:SOLAR
1500:OSO 8
1495:OSO 7
1490:OSO 6
1485:OSO 5
1480:OSO 4
1475:OSO 3
1470:OSO B
1466:OSO 2
1461:OSO 1
1417:IMP-8
1273:]
1266:ASO-S
1184:ACRIM
1166:, SMM
1153:, SMM
1028:[url=
968:(PDF)
933:(PDF)
450:Earth
363:Solar
320:15.19
88:11703
2134:1980
1817:NASA
1719:Lost
1685:AOSO
1664:SETH
1367:Past
1354:Wind
1305:IRIS
976:2013
944:2013
937:NASA
895:2013
809:The
630:IMAX
603:and
463:NASA
413:Name
377:and
357:(or
350:The
53:NASA
1752:SXI
1250:ACE
1135:Eos
499:fov
452:'s
429:fov
115:Bus
83:no.
2916::
2802:,
2796:,
2288:,
2284:,
1271:fr
1232:-
1097:}}
1084:}}
1071:}}
1058:}}
1045:}}
1032:}}
978:.
956:^
946:.
935:.
906:^
897:.
638:.
527:,
510:,
481:,
461:,
385:.
2808:)
2790:(
2292:)
2280:(
2117:e
2110:t
2103:v
1809:e
1802:t
1795:v
1468:/
1211:e
1204:t
1197:v
1120:.
1116::
1093:[
1080:[
1067:[
1054:[
1041:[
1007:.
379:5
346:.
226:)
174:)
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