2529:
1317::(1) In "The Physical Basis of the Leap Second", by D D McCarthy, C Hackman and R A Nelson, in Astronomical Journal, vol.136 (2008), pages 1906-1908, it is stated (page 1908), that "the SI second is equivalent to an older measure of the second of UT1, which was too small to start with and further, as the duration of the UT1 second increases, the discrepancy widens." :(2) In the late 1950s, the cesium standard was used to measure both the current mean length of the second of mean solar time (UT2) (result: 9192631830 cycles) and also the second of ephemeris time (ET) (result:9192631770 ± 20 cycles), see
24:
2523:
3609:
2304:
363:
122:
2314:
136:, or 12:00 local apparent time. About 24 hours later the shadow will again point north–south, the Sun seeming to have covered a 360-degree arc around Earth's axis. When the Sun has covered exactly 15 degrees (1/24 of a circle, both angles being measured in a plane perpendicular to Earth's axis), local apparent time is 13:00 exactly; after 15 more degrees it will be 14:00 exactly.
454:
512:
Apparent solar time grew less useful as commerce increased and mechanical clocks improved. Mean solar time was introduced in almanacs in
England in 1834 and in France in 1835. Because the sun was difficult to observe directly due to its large size in the sky, mean solar time was determined as a fixed
402:
is nearly constant, unlike that of an apparent solar day. An apparent solar day can be 20 seconds shorter or 30 seconds longer than a mean solar day. Long or short days occur in succession, so the difference builds up until mean time is ahead of apparent time by about 14 minutes near
February 6, and
490:
astronomers knew that the hours of daylight varied throughout the year. A tablet from 649 BC shows that they used a 2:1 ratio for the longest day to the shortest day, and estimated the variation using a linear zigzag function. It is not clear if they knew of the variation in the length of the solar
520:
is the rotation of the Earth with respect to the sun and hence is mean solar time. However, UT1, the version in common use since 1955, uses a slightly different definition of rotation that corrects for the motion of Earth's poles as it rotates. The difference between this corrected mean solar time
161:" that moves along the celestial equator at a constant rate that matches the real Sun's average rate over the year. This is "mean solar time", which is still not perfectly constant from one century to the next but is close enough for most purposes. As of 2008, a mean solar day is about 86,400.002
139:
The problem is that in
September the Sun takes less time (as measured by an accurate clock) to make an apparent revolution than it does in December; 24 "hours" of solar time can be 21 seconds less or 29 seconds more than 24 hours of clock time. This change is quantified by the
51:
are both overhead. At time 2, the planet has rotated 360° and the distant star is overhead again (1→2 = one sidereal day). But it is not until a little later, at time 3, that the Sun is overhead again (1→3 = one solar day). More simply, 1→2 is a complete
266:). In June and December when the sun is farthest from the celestial equator, a given shift along the ecliptic corresponds to a large shift at the equator. Therefore, apparent solar days are shorter in March and September than in June or December.
385:
of the mean Sun plus 12 hours. This 12 hour offset comes from the decision to make each day start at midnight for civil purposes, whereas the hour angle or the mean sun is measured from the local meridian. As of 2009, this is realized with the
129:
A tall pole vertically fixed in the ground casts a shadow on any sunny day. At one moment during the day, the shadow will point exactly north or south (or disappear when and if the Sun moves directly overhead). That instant is called
148:
of Earth's orbit (as in, Earth's orbit is not perfectly circular, meaning that the Earth–Sun distance varies throughout the year), and the fact that Earth's axis is not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit (the so-called
156:
The effect of this is that a clock running at a constant rate – e.g. completing the same number of pendulum swings in each hour – cannot follow the actual Sun; instead it follows an imaginary
210:
The length of a solar day varies through the year, and the accumulated effect produces seasonal deviations of up to 16 minutes from the mean. The effect has two main causes. First, due to the eccentricity of
422:
with a constant speed and coinciding with the true sun at the perigee and apogee (when the Earth is in perihelion and aphelion, respectively). Then consider a second fictitious Sun travelling along the
262:, the Sun's shift in position from one day to the next is parallel to the equator, so the projection onto the equator of this shift is larger than the average for the year (see
513:
ratio of time as observed by the stars, which used point-like observations. A specific standard for measuring "mean solar time" from midnight came to be called
Universal Time.
2427:
576:'apparent' is commonly used in English-language sources, but 'true' is used in French astronomical literature and has become nearly as common in English sources. See:
2350:
1068:
601:
254:, the Sun's daily shift (relative to the background stars) is at an angle to the equator, so the projection of this shift onto the equator is less than its
472:
The sun has always been visible in the sky, and its position forms the basis of apparent solar time, the timekeeping method used in antiquity. An
Egyptian
1153:
1321:
1161:
847:
694:
633:
2343:
1028:
1126:
398:
of radio sources located in other galaxies, and other observations. The duration of daylight varies during the year but the length of a
875:"A post-Pathfinder evaluation of areocentric solar coordinates with improved timing recipes for Mars seasonal/diurnal climate studies"
2881:
851:
796:
719:
637:
2336:
1913:
1749:
771:
1378:
1303:
1200:
1008:
971:
2850:
224:
533:, and the SI second, when adopted, was already a little shorter than the current value of the second of mean solar time.)
3139:
920:
842:
628:
3433:
3119:
2601:
945:
737:
427:
at a constant speed and coinciding with the first fictitious Sun at the equinoxes. This second fictitious sun is the
391:
962:(2013). "Precession, Nutation, Polar Motion, and Earth Rotation". In Urban, Sean E.; Seidelmann, P. Kenneth (eds.).
1332:. L Essen in the same 1968 article (p.162) stated that this "seemed reasonable in view of the variations in UT2".
609:
1863:
1518:
800:
723:
1328:, in Metrologia, vol.4 (1968), pp.161-165, on p.162. As is well known, the 9192631770 figure was chosen for the
2674:
1742:
448:
3589:
2855:
162:
3594:
1825:
2810:
2790:
2736:
2621:
2457:
2116:
992:
959:
581:
3643:
3392:
2477:
2462:
2400:
2379:
1468:
1448:
522:
3570:
2631:
2442:
2179:
2028:
1908:
1458:
1371:
150:
1318:
1878:
688:
3265:
2891:
2669:
2571:
2487:
2482:
2134:
1785:
788:
88:
1074:
3564:
3407:
3300:
1488:
1073:
Aoki, S.; Guinot, B.; Kaplan, G. H.; Kinoshita, H.; McCarthy, D. D.; Seidelmann, P. K. (1982).
3460:
3280:
3112:
3044:
2317:
1949:
1894:
1848:
1833:
1478:
1118:
711:
91:. Traditionally, there are three types of time reckoning based on astronomical observations:
53:
1090:
1044:
890:
3633:
3544:
3514:
3397:
3332:
3149:
2871:
2785:
2611:
2472:
2200:
2169:
1618:
1513:
1364:
1180:
1086:
1040:
886:
348:
These lengths will change slightly in a few years and significantly in thousands of years.
200:
145:
8:
3364:
3081:
2876:
2731:
2596:
2548:
2074:
1533:
1493:
465:
76:
2417:
1184:
1104:
837:
623:
3450:
3182:
3056:
2830:
2754:
2684:
2023:
2001:
1868:
1692:
1663:
1598:
1591:
1273:
1232:
1058:
912:
436:
898:
687:
For the three kinds of time, see (for example) the explanatory section in the almanac
370:
relative to a clock showing local mean time, and below the axis a sundial will appear
3584:
3499:
3402:
2904:
2769:
2586:
2104:
1983:
1883:
1736:
1639:
1543:
1299:
1265:
1196:
1004:
967:
941:
916:
760:
247:
3305:
1350:
1062:
439:
of the Moon by Earth and the corresponding slowing of Earth's rotation by the Moon.
3290:
3199:
3105:
3049:
2795:
2774:
2726:
2689:
2502:
2222:
2210:
2038:
2006:
1838:
1707:
1623:
1613:
1528:
1188:
1048:
1024:
902:
894:
815:
492:
453:
404:
212:
141:
1192:
3524:
3504:
3479:
3374:
3319:
3295:
3172:
2780:
2759:
2591:
2563:
2328:
2284:
2149:
2126:
2094:
2046:
2033:
1996:
1978:
1608:
1603:
1325:
1291:
1053:
698:
547:
542:
484:
dated 1500 BC are some of the earliest methods for measuring the sun's position.
407:
is this difference, which is cyclical and does not accumulate from year to year.
3494:
3474:
3469:
3257:
3162:
3076:
2835:
2825:
2764:
2721:
2553:
2543:
2512:
2412:
2384:
2227:
2217:
2016:
1888:
1858:
1843:
1628:
1586:
1581:
1453:
1103:
For a discussion of the slight changes that affect the mean solar day, see the
874:
552:
517:
395:
387:
357:
1217:
3627:
3539:
3534:
3509:
3438:
3428:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3242:
3219:
3204:
2963:
2914:
2899:
2845:
2616:
2452:
2447:
2363:
2307:
2257:
2205:
2139:
2111:
2099:
2089:
2079:
1961:
1805:
1731:
1680:
1633:
1548:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1431:
1269:
987:
985:
983:
263:
105:
36:
28:
907:
3638:
3612:
3519:
3489:
3484:
3445:
3275:
3270:
3247:
3229:
3209:
3061:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2925:
2664:
2279:
2273:
1939:
1873:
1795:
1726:
1675:
1576:
1523:
1463:
239:
980:
745:
23:
3455:
3384:
3369:
3354:
3327:
3237:
3191:
3071:
3066:
2711:
2694:
2626:
2606:
2492:
2374:
2289:
2267:
2174:
2159:
1954:
1934:
1924:
1853:
1810:
1790:
1719:
1538:
1440:
557:
526:
255:
1277:
1253:
1158:
A Walk
Through Time - The Evolution of Time Measurement through the Ages
3359:
3167:
3157:
3086:
3039:
3023:
2909:
2815:
2636:
2467:
2405:
2184:
2084:
1991:
1966:
1769:
499:
clearly distinguishes the mean solar day and apparent solar day in his
411:
382:
228:
216:
131:
838:"Technical Notes on Mars Solar Time as Adopted by the Mars24 Sunclock"
624:"Technical Notes on Mars Solar Time as Adopted by the Mars24 Sunclock"
199:, the interval between two successive returns of the Sun to the local
3412:
3285:
2983:
2820:
2704:
2679:
2659:
2576:
2528:
2522:
2507:
2247:
2164:
1800:
1712:
1687:
1668:
1558:
1345:
1298:, New York / Heidelberg / Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 984–986,
1000:
487:
174:
1346:
Sunrise and Sunset and maximum Sun altitude, all year long, anywhere
3554:
3018:
2998:
2840:
2746:
2646:
2437:
2432:
1815:
1658:
1568:
1426:
1416:
1175:
Li, Geng (2015). "Gnomons in
Ancient China". In Ruggles, C. (ed.).
501:
362:
259:
243:
234:
220:
1237:
60:
at which the Sun is seen from the Earth, 1→3 is how long it takes
3214:
3013:
3003:
2933:
2805:
2716:
2581:
2154:
2144:
2066:
2057:
2042:
1929:
1774:
1697:
1406:
496:
481:
473:
435:
The length of the mean solar day is slowly increasing due to the
251:
204:
121:
1944:
258:
for the year; when the Sun is farthest from the equator at both
3008:
2958:
2953:
2252:
1411:
1329:
530:
477:
16:
Calculation of elapsed time by the apparent position of the sun
403:
behind apparent time by about 16 minutes near
November 3. The
2988:
2800:
2699:
2654:
2262:
2011:
1702:
1650:
57:
32:
505:(2nd century), and he tabulated the equation of time in his
366:
The equation of time—above the x-axis a sundial will appear
3549:
2993:
2978:
2968:
2422:
2359:
1401:
1387:
966:(3rd ed.). Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books.
461:
110:
72:
61:
48:
3097:
2428:
International Earth
Rotation and Reference Systems Service
125:
The Earth's orbit around the Sun, showing its eccentricity
3128:
2973:
1072:
1029:"Expressions to implement the IAU 2000 definition of UT1"
457:
192:
84:
80:
44:
1023:
742:
Time
Service Department, United States Naval Observatory
602:"Comprendre - Concepts fondamentaux - Echelles de temps"
56:, but because the revolution around the Sun affects the
1356:
529:
is needed. (Since 1972 the UTC time scale has run on
418:
Consider a first fictitious Sun travelling along the
836:Allison, Michael; Schmunk, Robert (June 30, 2015).
622:Allison, Michael; Schmunk, Robert (June 30, 2015).
203:. Apparent solar time can be crudely measured by a
2358:
991:
964:Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac
215:, Earth moves faster when it is nearest the Sun (
183:is the true sun as seen by an observer on Earth.
3625:
1177:Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy
1071:); and for some earlier definitions of UT1 see
219:) and slower when it is farthest from the Sun (
1162:National Institute of Standards and Technology
957:
835:
814:Yallop, B. D.; Hohenker, C. Y. (August 1989).
813:
621:
608:(in French). November 23, 2009. Archived from
191:is based on the apparent motion of the actual
3113:
2344:
1372:
1251:
1218:"Reconstruction of ancient Egyptian sundials"
1215:
872:
848:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
650:the solar hour angle or True Solar Time (TST)
634:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
390:time scale, constructed mathematically from
250:. When the Sun crosses the equator at both
109:, which is based on the apparent motions of
83:. The fundamental unit of solar time is the
1353:: Apparent solar time in a digital display.
1296:A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy
1254:"A Neo-Babylonian Report on Seasonal Hours"
1143:2nd ed. Richmond VA: Willmann-Bell. p. 183.
3120:
3106:
2351:
2337:
1379:
1365:
1290:
1027:; Wallace, P. T.; McCarthy, D. D. (2003).
997:TIME From Earth Rotation to Atomic Physics
586:. Cambridge University Press. p. 44.
1236:
1225:Archaeoastronomy and Ancient Technologies
1052:
906:
2882:International Commission on Stratigraphy
932:
930:
873:Allison, Michael; McEwen, Megan (2000).
777:from the original on September 23, 2015.
480:in China dated 2300 BC, and an Egyptian
452:
361:
120:
92:
22:
854:from the original on September 25, 2015
816:"Astronomical Information Sheet No. 58"
640:from the original on September 25, 2015
165:seconds, i.e., about 24.0000006 hours.
3626:
1252:Pingree, David; Reiner, Erica (1974).
1075:"The new definition of universal time"
238:), the Sun's annual motion is along a
168:
3101:
2332:
1360:
1129:from the original on August 26, 2009.
927:
797:Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office
793:Glossary, Astronomical Almanac Online
758:
720:Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office
716:Glossary, Astronomical Almanac Online
579:
2313:
1154:"A Walk Through Time - Early Clocks"
1119:"The duration of the true solar day"
583:A Complete System Of Astronomy Vol 1
270:Length of apparent solar day (1998)
98:
1001:Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGa
940:(Richmond, VA: Willmann-Bell) 346.
923:from the original on June 23, 2015.
843:Goddard Institute for Space Studies
629:Goddard Institute for Space Studies
414:describes the mean sun as follows:
71:is a calculation of the passage of
13:
1174:
351:
14:
3655:
2602:Discrete time and continuous time
1339:
1116:
663:The equivalent on Mars is termed
392:very-long-baseline interferometry
225:Kepler's laws of planetary motion
103:(discussed in this article), and
3608:
3607:
2527:
2521:
2312:
2303:
2302:
410:Mean time follows the mean sun.
1311:
1284:
1245:
1209:
1168:
1146:
1133:
1110:
1097:
1017:
951:
801:United States Naval Observatory
761:"Celestial Mechanics Chapter 6"
724:United States Naval Observatory
657:
116:
2675:History of timekeeping devices
938:Mathematical astronomy morsels
866:
829:
807:
781:
759:Tatum, J.B. (March 27, 2022).
752:
730:
704:
681:
570:
449:History of timekeeping devices
1:
3590:List of heliophysics missions
1193:10.1007/978-1-4614-6141-8_219
899:10.1016/S0032-0633(99)00092-6
674:
3595:Category:Missions to the Sun
1216:Vodolazhskaya, L.N. (2014).
995:; Seidelmann, P. K. (2009).
278:Duration in mean solar time
246:) that is tilted to Earth's
7:
3127:
2622:Gravitational time dilation
2458:Barycentric Coordinate Time
2117:Geological history of Earth
879:Planetary and Space Science
536:
525:(UTC) determines whether a
10:
3660:
2478:Geocentric Coordinate Time
2463:Barycentric Dynamical Time
2401:Coordinated Universal Time
1469:Orders of magnitude (time)
1351:Astrarium Solar Tempometer
1319:"Time Scales", by L. Essen
1258:Archiv für Orientforschung
1079:Astronomy and Astrophysics
1054:10.1051/0004-6361:20030817
1033:Astronomy and Astrophysics
823:HM Nautical Almanac Office
665:Mars local true solar time
523:Coordinated Universal Time
491:day and the corresponding
476:constructed c. 3500 BC, a
446:
442:
355:
227:). Second, due to Earth's
172:
3603:
3577:
3571:G-type main-sequence star
3563:
3421:
3383:
3318:
3256:
3228:
3190:
3181:
3148:
3135:
3032:
2923:
2890:
2864:
2745:
2645:
2632:Time-translation symmetry
2562:
2536:
2519:
2443:International Atomic Time
2393:
2370:
2298:
2240:
2193:
2180:Time translation symmetry
2125:
2065:
2055:
1977:
1904:
1824:
1765:
1649:
1567:
1477:
1439:
1425:
1394:
1324:October 19, 2008, at the
825:. Solar Location Diagram.
151:obliquity of the ecliptic
3434:In mythology and culture
1386:
1141:Astronomical Algorithms.
697:August 10, 2011, at the
563:
342:24 hours + 29.9 seconds
326:24 hours − 21.3 seconds
310:24 hours + 13.1 seconds
294:24 hours − 18.1 seconds
2892:Astronomical chronology
2865:Archaeology and geology
2572:Absolute space and time
2488:IERS Reference Meridian
2483:International Date Line
2394:International standards
2135:Absolute space and time
1786:Astronomical chronology
1091:1982A&A...105..359A
1045:2003A&A...406.1135C
891:2000P&SS...48..215A
89:synodic rotation period
3301:Supra-arcade downflows
2185:Time reversal symmetry
1489:Italian six-hour clock
1179:. pp. 2095–2104.
789:"solar time, apparent"
768:University of Victoria
744:. 1999. Archived from
690:Connaissance des Temps
612:on November 23, 2009.
580:Vince, Samuel (1797).
469:
433:
375:
126:
65:
47:and a certain distant
3281:Coronal mass ejection
2851:Weekday determination
2737:Sundial markup schema
1950:Time and fate deities
1895:The Unreality of Time
1834:A series and B series
606:Bureau des Longitudes
592:time the French call
456:
416:
365:
195:. It is based on the
124:
54:rotation of the Earth
26:
3545:Standard solar model
3515:Solar radio emission
3333:List of solar cycles
2872:Chronological dating
2612:Theory of relativity
2473:Daylight saving time
2201:Chronological dating
2170:Theory of relativity
1514:Daylight saving time
394:observations of the
144:, and is due to the
113:other than the Sun.
39:is shorter than the
3365:Magnetic switchback
3082:Time value of money
2877:Geologic time scale
2732:History of sundials
2597:Cosmological decade
2549:Greenwich Mean Time
2380:Orders of magnitude
1494:Thai six-hour clock
1185:2015hae..book.2095L
960:McCarthy, Dennis D.
936:Jean Meeus (1997),
466:Nuremberg Chronicle
271:
185:Apparent solar time
169:Apparent solar time
133:local apparent noon
94:apparent solar time
77:position of the Sun
3555:Sunlight radiation
3150:Internal structure
3057:Mental chronometry
2685:Marine chronometer
2537:Obsolete standards
2024:Rosy retrospection
2002:Mental chronometry
1826:Philosophy of time
1164:. August 12, 2009.
1139:Meeus, J. (1998).
1117:Ricci, Pierpaolo.
748:on March 12, 2015.
712:"solar time, mean"
692:for 1902, page 759
470:
437:tidal acceleration
376:
269:
197:apparent solar day
127:
66:
3644:Time in astronomy
3621:
3620:
3585:Solar observatory
3500:Solar observation
3398:Termination shock
3314:
3313:
3266:Transition region
3095:
3094:
2905:Nuclear timescale
2587:Continuous signal
2326:
2325:
2236:
2235:
2211:Circadian rhythms
2029:Tense–aspect–mood
1884:Temporal finitism
1761:
1760:
1737:Grandfather clock
1305:978-0-387-06995-1
1202:978-1-4614-6140-1
1123:pierpaoloricci.it
1010:978-3-527-40780-4
973:978-1-891389-85-6
958:Hilton, James L;
425:celestial equator
346:
345:
248:celestial equator
233:obliquity of the
43:. At time 1, the
3651:
3611:
3610:
3200:Supergranulation
3188:
3187:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3099:
3098:
2796:Dominical letter
2727:Equation of time
2690:Marine sandglass
2531:
2525:
2503:Terrestrial Time
2360:Time measurement
2353:
2346:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2316:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2223:Glottochronology
2063:
2062:
1979:Human experience
1839:B-theory of time
1437:
1436:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1333:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1292:Neugebauer, Otto
1288:
1282:
1281:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1222:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1150:
1144:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1114:
1108:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1066:
1056:
1039:(3): 1135–1149.
1021:
1015:
1014:
989:
978:
977:
955:
949:
934:
925:
924:
910:
908:2060/20000097895
870:
864:
863:
861:
859:
833:
827:
826:
820:
811:
805:
804:
785:
779:
778:
776:
765:
756:
750:
749:
734:
728:
727:
708:
702:
685:
668:
661:
655:
652:
647:
645:
618:
597:
574:
493:equation of time
405:equation of time
272:
268:
142:equation of time
31:planet like the
3659:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3599:
3573:
3559:
3525:Solar telescope
3505:Solar phenomena
3480:Solar astronomy
3417:
3379:
3375:Helioseismology
3310:
3296:Helmet streamer
3252:
3224:
3177:
3173:Convection zone
3144:
3131:
3126:
3096:
3091:
3028:
2919:
2886:
2860:
2741:
2641:
2592:Coordinate time
2564:Time in physics
2558:
2532:
2526:
2517:
2389:
2366:
2357:
2327:
2322:
2294:
2285:Time immemorial
2232:
2189:
2150:Coordinate time
2121:
2075:Geological time
2051:
2034:Time management
1997:Generation time
1981:
1973:
1918:
1900:
1820:
1779:
1757:
1645:
1563:
1480:
1473:
1429:
1421:
1390:
1385:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1326:Wayback Machine
1316:
1312:
1306:
1289:
1285:
1250:
1246:
1220:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1173:
1169:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1134:
1115:
1111:
1102:
1098:
1022:
1018:
1011:
993:McCarthy, D. D.
990:
981:
974:
956:
952:
935:
928:
871:
867:
857:
855:
834:
830:
818:
812:
808:
787:
786:
782:
774:
763:
757:
753:
736:
735:
731:
710:
709:
705:
699:Wayback Machine
686:
682:
677:
672:
671:
662:
658:
643:
641:
600:
575:
571:
566:
548:Meridian circle
543:Local mean time
539:
451:
445:
396:diurnal motions
379:Mean solar time
360:
354:
352:Mean solar time
189:true solar time
177:
171:
119:
100:mean solar time
87:, based on the
17:
12:
11:
5:
3657:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3567:
3565:Spectral class
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3495:Solar neutrino
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3475:Solar activity
3472:
3470:Sun in fiction
3467:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3448:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3324:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3306:Alfvén surface
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3163:Radiation zone
3160:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3102:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3077:Time metrology
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3033:Related topics
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2722:Dialing scales
2719:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2554:Prime meridian
2551:
2546:
2544:Ephemeris time
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2513:180th meridian
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2310:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2228:Time geography
2225:
2220:
2218:Clock reaction
2215:
2214:
2213:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2071:
2069:
2060:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2017:time signature
2014:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1889:Temporal parts
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1859:Eternal return
1856:
1851:
1846:
1844:Chronocentrism
1841:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1631:
1629:Hindu Panchang
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1573:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1434:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1341:
1340:External links
1338:
1335:
1334:
1310:
1304:
1283:
1244:
1208:
1201:
1167:
1145:
1132:
1109:
1096:
1085:(2): 359–361.
1016:
1009:
979:
972:
950:
926:
865:
828:
806:
780:
751:
738:"Leap Seconds"
729:
703:
679:
678:
676:
673:
670:
669:
656:
654:
653:
619:
598:
568:
567:
565:
562:
561:
560:
555:
553:Earth rotation
550:
545:
538:
535:
518:Universal Time
444:
441:
400:mean solar day
358:Universal Time
356:Main article:
353:
350:
344:
343:
340:
336:
335:
332:
328:
327:
324:
320:
319:
316:
312:
311:
308:
304:
303:
300:
296:
295:
292:
288:
287:
284:
280:
279:
276:
231:(known as the
170:
167:
118:
115:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3656:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3614:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3540:Space weather
3538:
3536:
3535:Space climate
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3510:Solar physics
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3439:Lunar eclipse
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3393:Current sheet
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:Solar minimum
3348:
3346:
3345:Solar maximum
3343:
3341:
3340:Active region
3338:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3220:Ellerman bomb
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2926:units of time
2922:
2916:
2915:Sidereal time
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2900:Galactic year
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2856:Weekday names
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:Tropical year
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2811:Intercalation
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:(lunar Hijri)
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2617:Time dilation
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2524:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2453:24-hour clock
2451:
2449:
2448:12-hour clock
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2319:
2311:
2309:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2206:Chronobiology
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2140:Arrow of time
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2112:Geochronology
2110:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1962:Wheel of time
1960:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1806:Periodization
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1732:Digital clock
1730:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1657:
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1642:
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1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1509:Relative hour
1507:
1505:
1504:24-hour clock
1502:
1500:
1499:12-hour clock
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
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1393:
1389:
1382:
1377:
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1363:
1362:
1359:
1352:
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1327:
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1320:
1314:
1307:
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1287:
1279:
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1263:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1204:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1142:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1100:
1092:
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1080:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1025:Capitaine, N.
1020:
1012:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
988:
986:
984:
975:
969:
965:
961:
954:
947:
946:0-943396-51-4
943:
939:
933:
931:
922:
918:
914:
909:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
869:
853:
849:
845:
844:
839:
832:
824:
817:
810:
802:
798:
794:
790:
784:
773:
769:
762:
755:
747:
743:
739:
733:
725:
721:
717:
713:
707:
700:
696:
693:
691:
684:
680:
666:
660:
651:
639:
635:
631:
630:
625:
620:
617:
616:
611:
607:
603:
599:
596:
595:
591:
588:What we call
585:
584:
578:
577:
573:
569:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
534:
532:
528:
524:
519:
516:Conceptually
514:
510:
508:
504:
503:
498:
494:
489:
485:
483:
479:
475:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
440:
438:
432:
430:
426:
421:
415:
413:
408:
406:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
380:
373:
369:
364:
359:
349:
341:
338:
337:
333:
330:
329:
325:
322:
321:
317:
314:
313:
309:
306:
305:
301:
298:
297:
293:
290:
289:
285:
282:
281:
277:
274:
273:
267:
265:
264:tropical year
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
213:Earth's orbit
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
176:
166:
164:
160:
154:
152:
147:
143:
137:
135:
134:
123:
114:
112:
108:
107:
106:sidereal time
102:
101:
96:
95:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:based on the
74:
70:
63:
59:
55:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
21:
19:
3529:
3520:Solar System
3490:Solar energy
3485:Solar dynamo
3446:Heliophysics
3276:Coronal loop
3271:Coronal hole
3248:Moreton wave
3230:Chromosphere
3062:Decimal time
2791:Astronomical
2670:Complication
2665:Atomic clock
2497:
2280:Time capsule
2274:Tempus fugit
2272:
2194:Other fields
1893:
1874:Perdurantism
1796:Calendar era
1748:
1741:
1727:Cuckoo clock
1664:astronomical
1638:
1553:
1464:Unit of time
1395:Key concepts
1313:
1295:
1286:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1228:
1224:
1211:
1176:
1170:
1157:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1122:
1112:
1099:
1082:
1078:
1036:
1032:
1019:
999:. Weinheim:
996:
963:
953:
937:
885:(2–3): 215.
882:
878:
868:
856:. Retrieved
841:
831:
822:
809:
792:
783:
767:
754:
746:the original
741:
732:
715:
706:
689:
683:
664:
659:
649:
642:. Retrieved
627:
614:
613:
610:the original
605:
593:
589:
587:
582:
572:
515:
511:
507:Handy Tables
506:
500:
486:
471:
434:
428:
424:
419:
417:
409:
399:
378:
377:
371:
367:
347:
331:November 2/3
323:September 16
240:great circle
232:
209:
196:
188:
184:
181:apparent sun
180:
178:
158:
155:
146:eccentricity
138:
132:
128:
117:Introduction
104:
99:
93:
68:
67:
64:to return.
40:
37:sidereal day
20:
18:
3634:Time scales
3578:Exploration
3456:Solar deity
3403:Heliosheath
3385:Heliosphere
3355:Wolf number
3328:Solar cycle
3192:Photosphere
3072:System time
3067:Metric time
2786:Solar Hijri
2712:Water clock
2695:Radio clock
2627:Time domain
2607:Proper time
2493:Leap second
2375:Chronometry
2290:Time travel
2268:System time
2175:Time domain
2160:Proper time
1984:use of time
1955:Father Time
1935:Immortality
1925:Ages of Man
1854:Endurantism
1811:Regnal year
1791:Big History
1720:water-based
1619:Solar Hijri
1529:Hexadecimal
1479:Measurement
1441:Chronometry
1427:Measurement
1231:(2): 1–18.
1069:in pdf form
558:Synodic day
527:leap second
339:December 22
283:February 11
3628:Categories
3530:Solar time
3451:In culture
3408:Heliopause
3360:Solar wind
3291:Prominence
3183:Atmosphere
3168:Tachocline
3087:Timekeeper
3040:Chronology
3024:Millennium
2910:Precession
2816:Julian day
2637:T-symmetry
2498:Solar time
2468:Civil time
1992:Chronemics
1967:Kalachakra
1879:Presentism
1864:Eternalism
1770:Chronology
1708:mechanical
1659:Main types
1577:Main types
858:October 8,
675:References
644:October 8,
615:temps vrai
531:SI seconds
488:Babylonian
447:See also:
412:Jean Meeus
383:hour angle
315:July 25/26
229:axial tilt
217:perihelion
173:See also:
69:Solar time
3413:Bow shock
3320:Variation
3286:Nanoflare
2984:Fortnight
2831:Lunisolar
2821:Leap year
2755:Gregorian
2705:stopwatch
2680:Hourglass
2660:Astrarium
2577:Spacetime
2508:Time zone
2385:Metrology
2364:standards
2248:Leap year
2165:Spacetime
2039:Yesterday
1940:Dreamtime
1914:Mythology
1801:Deep time
1713:stopwatch
1688:hourglass
1669:astrarium
1599:Gregorian
1592:Lunisolar
1569:Calendars
1559:Time zone
1432:standards
1330:SI second
1270:0066-6440
1264:: 50–55.
1238:1408.0987
917:123014765
334:24 hours
318:24 hours
302:24 hours
286:24 hours
260:solstices
252:equinoxes
175:Solar day
41:solar day
3613:Category
3045:Duration
3019:Saeculum
2999:Olympiad
2841:Solstice
2770:Holocene
2747:Calendar
2647:Horology
2438:ISO 8601
2433:ISO 31-1
2308:Category
2056:Time in
2047:Tomorrow
1909:Religion
1849:Duration
1816:Timeline
1750:Timeline
1549:Sidereal
1417:Eternity
1322:Archived
1294:(1975),
1278:41636303
1127:Archived
1107:article.
1063:54008769
921:Archived
852:Archived
799:and the
772:Archived
722:and the
695:Archived
638:Archived
590:apparent
537:See also
502:Almagest
429:mean Sun
420:ecliptic
291:March 26
244:ecliptic
235:ecliptic
221:aphelion
201:meridian
159:mean Sun
29:prograde
3429:Eclipse
3422:Related
3243:Spicule
3215:Sunspot
3210:Faculae
3205:Granule
3129:The Sun
3014:Century
3004:Lustrum
2934:Instant
2806:Equinox
2775:Islamic
2717:Sundial
2582:Chronon
2318:Commons
2241:Related
2155:Instant
2145:Chronon
2127:Physics
2067:Geology
2058:science
1930:Destiny
1775:History
1743:History
1698:sundial
1681:quantum
1624:Chinese
1614:Islamic
1524:Decimal
1519:Chinese
1481:systems
1407:Present
1181:Bibcode
1087:Bibcode
1041:Bibcode
887:Bibcode
803:. 2021.
726:. 2021.
667:(LTST).
497:Ptolemy
482:sundial
474:obelisk
443:History
381:is the
307:June 19
256:average
223:) (see
205:sundial
79:in the
3258:Corona
3009:Decade
2964:Moment
2959:Minute
2954:Second
2924:Other
2781:Julian
2760:Hebrew
2406:offset
2258:Moment
2253:Memory
2105:period
1693:marine
1676:atomic
1651:Clocks
1609:Hebrew
1604:Julian
1539:Metric
1412:Future
1302:
1276:
1268:
1199:
1061:
1007:
970:
944:
915:
478:gnomon
468:, 1493
299:May 14
35:, the
3370:Flare
3238:Plage
3050:music
2989:Month
2949:Jiffy
2944:Shake
2939:Flick
2836:Solar
2826:Lunar
2801:Epact
2765:Hindu
2700:Watch
2655:Clock
2263:Space
2095:epoch
2085:chron
2043:Today
2012:tempo
2007:Music
1869:Event
1703:watch
1587:Lunar
1582:Solar
1554:Solar
1544:Roman
1534:Hindu
1274:JSTOR
1233:arXiv
1221:(PDF)
1059:S2CID
913:S2CID
819:(PDF)
775:(PDF)
764:(PDF)
564:Notes
275:Date
242:(the
111:stars
58:angle
33:Earth
27:On a
3550:Star
3461:List
3158:Core
3140:List
2994:Year
2979:Week
2969:Hour
2423:DUT1
2362:and
1982:and
1945:Kāla
1640:List
1634:Maya
1430:and
1402:Past
1388:Time
1300:ISBN
1266:ISSN
1197:ISBN
1067:(or
1005:ISBN
968:ISBN
942:ISBN
860:2015
646:2015
594:true
521:and
462:Moon
460:and
372:slow
368:fast
179:The
97:and
73:time
62:noon
49:star
3639:Day
2974:Day
2100:era
2090:eon
2080:age
1459:TAI
1449:UTC
1189:doi
1083:105
1049:doi
1037:406
903:hdl
895:doi
509:.
458:Sun
388:UT1
193:Sun
187:or
153:).
85:day
81:sky
45:Sun
3630::
2418:ΔT
2413:UT
2045:–
2041:–
1454:UT
1272:.
1262:25
1260:.
1256:.
1227:.
1223:.
1195:.
1187:.
1160:.
1156:.
1125:.
1121:.
1105:ΔT
1081:.
1077:.
1057:.
1047:.
1035:.
1031:.
1003:.
982:^
929:^
919:.
911:.
901:.
893:.
883:48
881:.
877:.
850:.
846:.
840:.
821:.
795:.
791:.
770:.
766:.
740:.
718:.
714:.
648:.
636:.
632:.
626:.
604:.
495:.
464:,
207:.
163:SI
3121:e
3114:t
3107:v
2352:e
2345:t
2338:v
1380:e
1373:t
1366:v
1280:.
1241:.
1235::
1229:2
1205:.
1191::
1183::
1093:.
1089::
1065:.
1051::
1043::
1013:.
976:.
948:.
905::
897::
889::
862:.
701:.
431:.
374:.
157:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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