132:
116:" and thus to heal the sick, one must "return" the "free soul" (which may have been stolen by an evil spirit or got lost in the spirit world) into the body. If the "free soul" can not be returned, the afflicted person dies or goes permanently insane.
229:
groups believe that a person has more than one type of soul. One is associated with respiration, the other can accompany the body as a shadow. Soul concepts of different Inuit groups are diverse; they are not alike. In some cases, it is connected to
34:. In many cases, one of the souls is associated with body functions ("body soul") and the other one can leave the body ("free soul" or "wandering soul"). Sometimes the plethora of soul types can be even more complex. Sometimes, a
847:
book title means âUralic peoples / Culture and traditions of our linguistic relativesâ; the chapter means âThe
Hungarians at the time of entering the Carpathian Basin, and their ancient beliefsâ
89:("ghost", "spirit "), which also apply to other non-human nature spirits. The "free soul" is also referred to in names that literally mean "twin" or "double", from Proto-Austronesian
1006:
The chapter title means: âShamanic philosophy: soul concepts in Tuva, changing in timeâ; the book title means: âMiracle deer. Ancient history, religion and folklore traditionâ
922:
The book title means: âUralic peoples / Culture and traditions of our linguistic relativesâ; the chapter title means âThe belief system of Uralic peoples and the shamanismâ
278:). The right side of the body is also believed to be male, while the left side is believed to be female, creating an additional layer to the dual identity of Kongo people.
966:. Institute of Religious Iconography. Iconography of religions. Leiden, The Netherland): State University Groningen, via E.J. Brill. section VIII, fascicle 2.
881:
The chapter title means: âAbout the ancient
Hungarian religionâ; the book title means: âMiracle deer. Ancient history, religion and folklore traditionâ
676:
93:("two"). A virtuous person is said to be one whose souls are in harmony with each other, while an evil person is one whose souls are in conflict.
262:). The rotation of the sun marks the different seasons of a Kongo person's life as they transition between the four moments of life: conception (
123:, a person is said to have six souls - the "free soul" (which is regarded as the "true" soul) and five secondary souls with various functions.
1027:. International Society for Trans-Oceanic Research. ISTOR Books 8. Budapest, HU; Los Angeles, CA: AkadĂ©miai KiadĂł. pp. 85â101.
555:
Clifford Sather (2018). "A work of love: Awareness and expressions of emotion in a Borneo healing ritual". In James J. Fox (ed.).
330:
291:
1097:
748:
400:
588:. Interreligious and Intercultural Investigations. Vol. 3. Editrice Pontifica Universita Gregoriana. pp. 148â149.
346:
1087:
387:
1032:
1013:
990:
985:. Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis / Stockholm Studies in Comparative Religion. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.
971:
952:
929:
888:
854:
593:
566:
539:
131:
112:. The duality is also seen in the healing traditions of Austronesian shamans, where illnesses are regarded as a "
1092:
1023:
Oosten, Jarich G. (1997). "Cosmological Cycles and the
Constituents of the Person". In S. A. Mousalimas (ed.).
85:), or the heart. The "free soul" is located in the head. Its names are usually derived from Proto-Austronesian
762:
Luyaluka, Kiatezua
Lubanzadio (2017). "The Spiral as the Basic Semiotic of the Kongo Religion, the Bukongo".
193:"physical soul; spirit; vigor" that remains with the corpse. Chinese traditions differ over the number of
97:
70:
783:
1000:
Johansen, Ulla (2005). "SĂĄmĂĄnfilozĂłfia: vĂĄltozĂł lĂ©lekkĂ©pzetek TuvĂĄban". In MolnĂĄr, ĂdĂĄm (ed.).
916:
HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (1975). "Az urĂĄli nĂ©pek hiedelemvilĂĄga Ă©s a samanizmus". In HajdĂș, PĂ©ter (ed.).
296:
366:
351:
341:
66:
8:
841:
Dienes, IstvĂĄn (1975). "A honfoglalĂł magyarok Ă©s Ćsi hiedelmeik". In HajdĂș, PĂ©ter (ed.).
302:
177:
1102:
793:
786:
642:
318:
314:
321:
has been approached by several authors, some of them using rather complex frameworks.
1028:
1009:
986:
967:
948:
925:
884:
850:
797:
779:
744:
589:
562:
535:
396:
310:
771:
286:
The concept of more kinds of souls can be found also in the mythologies of several
78:
417:
186:"spiritual soul; spirit; mood" that leaves the body after death and a substantive
583:
556:
529:
153:
145:
1050:
610:
511:
1107:
287:
247:
231:
1081:
1060:
1008:] (in Hungarian). Vol. I. Budapest: MolnĂĄr KiadĂł. pp. 135â156.
775:
661:
432:
235:
167:
356:
290:. See notion of shadow-soul (being able to depart freely the body), e.g.
875:
Fodor, IstvĂĄn (2005). "Az Ćsi magyar vallĂĄsrĂłl". In MolnĂĄr, ĂdĂĄm (ed.).
790:
646:
119:
In some ethnic groups, there can also be more than two souls. Among the
706:
157:
190:
183:
77:("breath", "life", or "vital spirit"). It is located somewhere in the
361:
336:
113:
38:'s "free soul" may be held to be able to undertake a spirit journey.
35:
633:
Leonardo N. Mercado (1991). "Soul and Spirit in
Filipino Thought".
120:
109:
105:
924:] (in Hungarian). Budapest: Corvina KiadĂł. pp. 211â233.
865:
849:] (in Hungarian). Budapest: Corvina KiadĂł. pp. 77â108.
176:
respectively. Within this soul dualism, every human has both an
983:
Becoming Half Hidden / Shamanism and
Initiation among the Inuit
202:
101:
30:, is a range of beliefs that a person has two or more kinds of
912:
It describes the life of
Caribou Eskimo and Padlermiut groups.
883:] (in Hungarian). Budapest: MolnĂĄr KiadĂł. pp. 11â34.
662:"Twin Flame Marriage - A Sacred Event Blessed By The Universe"
694:
677:"Faith healing in the Philippines: An historical perspective"
226:
96:
The "free soul" is said to leave the body and journey to the
56:
16:
Range of beliefs that a person has two or more kinds of souls
386:
Jackson, Peter (2016). "Preface". In
Jackson, Peter (ed.).
60:
52:
31:
808:
806:
877:
Csodaszarvas. ĆstörtĂ©net, vallĂĄs Ă©s nĂ©phagyomĂĄny. Vol. I
608:
454:
452:
309:, related to the Hungarian conception, is also part of
803:
843:
UrĂĄli nĂ©pek / Nyelvrokonaink kultĂșrĂĄja Ă©s hagyomĂĄnyai
476:
918:
UrĂĄli nĂ©pek. Nyelvrokonaink kultĂșrĂĄja Ă©s hagyomĂĄnyai
818:
718:
449:
250:, every Kongo person has a "dual soul-mind," called
962:Kleivan, Inge; Sonne, B. (1985). "Arctic peoples".
870:. Ălet Ă©s TudomĂĄny KiskönyvtĂĄr. Budapest: Gondolat.
632:
585:
Inculturation of
Filipino-Chinese Culture Mentality
464:
232:shamanistic beliefs among the various Inuit groups
488:
395:. Stockholm University Press. pp. xivâxvii.
254:that allows them to exist in the physical world (
65:The belief in soul dualism found throughout most
1079:
1002:Csodaszarvas. ĆstörtĂ©net, vallĂĄs Ă©s nĂ©phagyomĂĄny
743:. SAGE Publications. pp. 120â124, 165â166, 361.
558:Expressions of Austronesian Thought and Emotions
305:. The concept of a dualistic shadow-soul called
674:
554:
1051:"Conceptions of soul in old-Estonian religion"
512:"Conceptions of soul in old-Estonian religion"
961:
700:
258:) and the spiritual world of the ancestors (
626:
505:
503:
238:groups believed in several types of souls.
548:
424:
69:shamanistic traditions. The reconstructed
1048:
902:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Gondolat KiadĂł.
739:Asante, Molefi Kete; Mazama, Ama (2009).
509:
81:, often in the liver (Proto-Austronesian
999:
863:
500:
482:
130:
668:
534:. University of the Philippines Press.
385:
331:Ancient Egyptian conception of the soul
166:spirits or souls, which correlate with
1080:
1022:
980:
938:
915:
908:Vie et coutumes des Esquimaux Caribous
840:
824:
712:
659:
609:Robert Blust; Stephen Trussel. "*du".
575:
494:
470:
458:
418:"Nature worship in Siberian shamanism"
409:
379:
905:
897:
874:
812:
758:
756:
735:
733:
724:
523:
521:
602:
612:Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
527:
347:History of the location of the soul
13:
753:
730:
581:
518:
415:
14:
1119:
1042:
715:, pp. 61, 222â223, 226, 240.
333:, divided into five or more parts
281:
947:]. Budapest: Helikon KiadĂł.
741:Encyclopedia of African Religion
201:souls in a person, for example,
653:
46:
1:
964:Eskimos. Greenland and Canada
945:âShamans / Souls and symbolsâ
904:Translation of the original:
561:. ANU Press. pp. 57â63.
531:Revisiting Usog, Pasma, Kulam
372:
1098:Dualism (philosophy of mind)
1055:(also in References section)
582:Yu, Jose Vidamor B. (2000).
73:word for the "body soul" is
7:
1025:Arctic Ecology and Identity
941:Såmånok. Lelkek és jelképek
324:
41:
10:
1124:
910:. Libraire Payot Lausanne.
834:
50:
1088:Austronesian spirituality
864:DiĂłszegi, Vilmos (1962).
776:10.1177/0021934716678984
764:Journal of Black Studies
701:Kleivan & Sonne 1985
675:Zeus A. Salazar (2007).
528:Tan, Michael L. (2008).
241:
220:
126:
1062:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
981:Merkur, Daniel (1985).
939:HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly (1994).
434:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1059:"Great Basin Indian".
431:"Great Basin Indian".
303:Hungarian folk beliefs
149:
1093:Cultural anthropology
389:Horizons of Shamanism
367:Tripartite (theology)
319:Estonian soul concept
134:
906:Gabus, Jean (1944).
898:Gabus, Jean (1970).
342:Dualism in cosmology
156:differentiates two
24:dualistic pluralism
635:Philippine Studies
315:Finnic mythologies
150:
102:trance-like states
71:Proto-Austronesian
900:A karibu eszkimĂłk
749:978-1-4129-3636-1
703:, pp. 17â18.
402:978-91-7635-024-9
352:Mindâbody dualism
1115:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1054:
1038:
1019:
996:
977:
958:
935:
911:
903:
894:
871:
860:
828:
822:
816:
815:, p. 16â17.
810:
801:
760:
751:
737:
728:
722:
716:
710:
704:
698:
692:
691:
681:
672:
666:
665:
657:
651:
650:
630:
624:
623:
621:
619:
606:
600:
599:
579:
573:
572:
552:
546:
545:
525:
516:
515:
507:
498:
492:
486:
480:
474:
468:
462:
456:
447:
446:
444:
442:
428:
422:
421:
416:HoppĂĄl, MihĂĄly.
413:
407:
406:
394:
383:
300:
248:Bakongo religion
143:Souls ééć, 1615
79:abdominal cavity
1123:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1078:
1077:
1068:
1066:
1058:
1049:Kulmar, Tarmo.
1045:
1035:
1016:
993:
974:
955:
932:
891:
857:
837:
832:
831:
823:
819:
811:
804:
761:
754:
738:
731:
723:
719:
711:
707:
699:
695:
679:
673:
669:
658:
654:
631:
627:
617:
615:
607:
603:
596:
580:
576:
569:
553:
549:
542:
526:
519:
510:Kulmar, Tarmo.
508:
501:
493:
489:
481:
477:
469:
465:
457:
450:
440:
438:
430:
429:
425:
414:
410:
403:
392:
384:
380:
375:
327:
294:
284:
246:In traditional
244:
223:
154:Chinese culture
146:Xingming guizhi
129:
63:
49:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1121:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1076:
1075:
1056:
1044:
1043:External links
1041:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1020:
1014:
997:
991:
978:
972:
959:
953:
936:
930:
913:
895:
889:
872:
861:
855:
836:
833:
830:
829:
817:
802:
752:
729:
727:, p. 211.
717:
705:
693:
667:
652:
641:(3): 287â302.
625:
601:
594:
574:
567:
547:
540:
517:
499:
487:
475:
463:
461:, p. 225.
448:
423:
408:
401:
377:
376:
374:
371:
370:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
326:
323:
288:Uralic peoples
283:
282:Uralic peoples
280:
274:), and death (
243:
240:
222:
219:
128:
125:
48:
45:
43:
40:
28:multiple souls
22:, also called
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1120:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1036:
1034:963-05-6629-X
1030:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1015:963-218-200-6
1011:
1007:
1003:
998:
994:
992:91-22-00752-0
988:
984:
979:
975:
973:90-04-07160-1
969:
965:
960:
956:
954:963-208-298-2
950:
946:
942:
937:
933:
931:963-13-0900-2
927:
923:
919:
914:
909:
901:
896:
892:
890:963-218-200-6
886:
882:
878:
873:
869:
868:
862:
858:
856:963-13-0900-2
852:
848:
844:
839:
838:
827:, p. 83.
826:
821:
814:
809:
807:
799:
795:
792:
788:
785:
781:
777:
773:
770:(1): 91â112.
769:
765:
759:
757:
750:
746:
742:
736:
734:
726:
721:
714:
709:
702:
697:
689:
685:
684:Asian Studies
678:
671:
663:
656:
648:
644:
640:
636:
629:
614:
613:
605:
597:
595:9788876528484
591:
587:
586:
578:
570:
568:9781760461928
564:
560:
559:
551:
543:
541:9789715425704
537:
533:
532:
524:
522:
513:
506:
504:
496:
491:
485:, p. 27.
484:
483:DiĂłszegi 1962
479:
473:, p. 13.
472:
467:
460:
455:
453:
436:
435:
427:
419:
412:
404:
398:
391:
390:
382:
378:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
332:
329:
328:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
298:
293:
289:
279:
277:
273:
270:), maturity (
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
239:
237:
236:Caribou Inuit
233:
228:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:
185:
182:
179:
175:
174:
170:
165:
164:
160:
155:
148:
147:
142:
138:
133:
124:
122:
117:
115:
111:
108:, death, and
107:
103:
99:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
62:
58:
54:
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1067:. Retrieved
1061:
1024:
1005:
1001:
982:
963:
944:
940:
921:
917:
907:
899:
880:
876:
866:
846:
842:
820:
767:
763:
740:
720:
708:
696:
687:
683:
670:
660:Daley, Amy.
655:
638:
634:
628:
616:. Retrieved
611:
604:
584:
577:
557:
550:
530:
490:
478:
466:
439:. Retrieved
433:
426:
411:
388:
381:
306:
285:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
252:mwĂšla-ngindu
251:
245:
224:
214:
210:
209:äžéäžé "three
206:
198:
194:
187:
180:
172:
168:
162:
158:
152:Traditional
151:
144:
140:
136:
118:
98:spirit world
95:
90:
86:
82:
74:
67:Austronesian
64:
27:
23:
20:Soul dualism
19:
18:
825:Dienes 1975
713:Merkur 1985
690:(2v): 1â15.
495:Merkur 1985
471:HoppĂĄl 1994
459:HoppĂĄl 1975
357:Soulcatcher
295: [
47:Austronesia
1082:Categories
867:Samanizmus
813:Fodor 2005
725:Gabus 1970
373:References
313:and other
266:), birth (
213:and seven
207:sanhunqipo
104:, sleep,
51:See also:
1103:Shamanism
798:152037988
784:0021-9347
362:Soul loss
337:Body swap
114:soul loss
1069:28 March
791:26174215
647:42633258
441:28 March
325:See also
225:Several
205:has the
178:ethereal
121:Tagbanwa
110:insanity
106:delirium
42:Examples
835:Sources
311:Finnish
276:luvemba
234:. Also
100:during
87:*qaNiCu
1065:. 2007
1031:
1012:
989:
970:
951:
928:
887:
853:
796:
789:
782:
747:
645:
618:7 July
592:
565:
538:
437:. 2007
399:
317:. The
272:tukula
264:musoni
260:Mpémba
203:Taoism
83:*qaCay
59:, and
36:shaman
1108:Souls
1004:[
943:[
920:[
879:[
845:[
794:S2CID
787:JSTOR
680:(PDF)
643:JSTOR
393:(PDF)
299:]
256:Nseke
242:Kongo
227:Inuit
221:Inuit
127:China
91:*duSa
75:*nawa
57:Anito
32:souls
1071:2007
1029:ISBN
1010:ISBN
987:ISBN
968:ISBN
949:ISBN
926:ISBN
885:ISBN
851:ISBN
780:ISSN
745:ISBN
620:2018
590:ISBN
563:ISBN
536:ISBN
443:2007
397:ISBN
307:itse
268:kala
197:and
171:and
169:yang
161:and
139:and
135:The
61:Atua
53:Aitu
772:doi
301:in
217:".
211:hun
195:hun
181:hun
173:yin
159:hun
137:Hun
26:or
1084::
805:^
778:.
768:48
766:.
755:^
732:^
688:43
686:.
682:.
639:39
637:.
520:^
502:^
451:^
297:hu
292:Ăz
215:po
199:po
188:po
163:po
141:Po
55:,
1073:.
1053:.
1037:.
1018:.
995:.
976:.
957:.
934:.
893:.
859:.
800:.
774::
664:.
649:.
622:.
598:.
571:.
544:.
514:.
497:.
445:.
420:.
405:.
191:é
184:é
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
