578:'s ideas of the whole world as composition, soundscape researchers investigate people's attitudes to soundscapes as a whole rather than individual aspects – and look at how the entire environment can be changed to be more pleasing to the ear. This body of knowledge approaches the sonic environment subjectively as well, as in how some sounds are tolerated while others disdained, with still others preferred, as seen in Fong's 2016 research comparing the soundscapes of Bangkok, Thailand and Los Angeles, California. To respond to unwanted sounds, however, a typical application of this is the use of masking strategies, as in the use of water features to cover unwanted white noise from traffic. It has been shown that masking can work in some cases, but that the successful outcome is dependent on several factors, like sound pressure levels, orientation of the sources, and character of the water sound.
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294:, who led much of the groundbreaking work on the subject from the 1960s and onwards. According to an interview with Schafer published in 2013, Schafer himself attributes the term to city planner Michael Southworth. Southworth, a former student of Kevin Lynch, led a project in Boston in the 1960s, and reported the findings in a paper entitled "The Sonic Environment of Cities" in 1969, where the term is used.
558:) and WHO (Burden of noise disease), the positive effects have as yet received less attention. The positive effects of nature sounds can be acknowledged in everyday planning of urban and rural environments, as well as in specific health treatment situations, like nature-based sound therapy and nature-based rehabilitation.
550:. Noise has been shown to correlate with health-related problems like stress, reduced sleep and cardiovascular disease. More recently however, it has also been shown that some sounds, like sounds of nature and music, can have positive effects on health, some of which might be explained by natural sounds increasing
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is the combination of all the acoustic resources within a given area – natural sounds and human-caused sounds – as modified by the environment. The acoustic environment includes sound vibrations made by geological processes, biological activity, and even sounds that are inaudible to most humans, such
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of a piece, not always audible ... the key might stray from the original, but it will return. The keynote sounds may not always be heard consciously, but they "outline the character of the people living there" (Schafer). They are created by nature (geography and climate): wind, water, forests,
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creates an opportunity to hear incidences from near and afar. In a lo-fi soundscape, signals are obscured by too many sounds, and perspective is lost within the broad-band of noises. In lo-fi soundscapes everything is very close and compact. A person can only listen to immediate encounters; in most
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Soundscaping as a method to reduce noise pollution incorporates natural elements rather than just man made elements. Soundscapes can be designed by urban planners and landscape architects. By incorporating knowledge of soundscapes in their work, certain sounds can be enhanced, while others can be
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Consisting of the prefix, geo (gr. earth), and phon (gr. sound), this refers to the soundscape sources that are generated by non-biological natural sources such as wind in the trees, water in a stream or waves at the ocean, and earth movement, the first sounds heard on earth by any sound-sentient
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reduced or controlled. It has been argued that there are three main ways in which soundscapes can be designed: localization of functions, reduction of unwanted sounds and introduction of wanted sounds, each of which should be considered to ensure a comprehensive approach to soundscape design.
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and
Hildegard Westerkamp. Schafer subsequently collected the findings from the world soundscape project and fleshed out the soundscape concept in more detail in his seminal work about the sound environment, "Tuning of the World". Schafer has also used the concept in music education.
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Saadatmand, V., Rejeh, N., Heravi-Karimooi, M., Tadrisi, S.D., Zayeri, F., Vaismoradi, M. & Jasper, M. (2013). "Effect of nature-based sounds' intervention on agitation, anxiety, and stress in patients under mechanical ventilator support: A randomised controlled trial".
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Papers on noise pollution are increasingly taking a holistic, soundscape approach to noise control. Whereas acoustics tends to rely on lab measurements and individual acoustic characteristics of cars and so on, soundscape takes a top-down approach. Drawing on
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Smalley, A. J., White, M. P., Sandiford, R., Desai, N., Watson, C., Smalley, N., Tuppen, J., Sakka, L., Fleming, L. E. (1 August 2023). "Soundscapes, music, and memories: Exploring the factors that influence emotional responses to virtual nature content".
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is the component of the acoustic environment that can be perceived and comprehended by the humans. The character and quality of the soundscape influence human perceptions of an area, providing a sense of place that differentiates it from other regions.
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Research has shown that variation is an important factor to consider, as a varied soundscape give people the possibility to seek out their favorite environment depending on preference, mood and other factors. One way to ensure variation is to work with
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Annerstedt, M., Jonsson, P., Wallergard, M., Johansson, G., Karlson, B., Grahn, P., Hansen, A.M. & Wahrborg, P.. (2013). "Inducing physiological stress recovery with sounds of nature in a virtual reality forest - Results from a pilot study".
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of sounds heard as an environment, which Truax describes as "how that environment is understood by those living within it" and therefore mediates their relations. The disruption of these acoustic environments results in
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Biological mechanisms and neurophysiological responses to sensory impact from nature.In: Van den Bosch & M.Bird, W. (eds.) Oxford
Textbook of Nature and Public Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press
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2016 Fong, Jack "Making
Operative Concepts from Murray Schafer's Soundscapes Typology: A Qualitative and Comparative Analysis of Noise Pollution in Bangkok, Thailand and Los Angeles, California."
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are physical sound sources, including both natural sounds (wind, water, wildlife, vegetation) and cultural and historic sounds (battle reenactments, tribal ceremonies, quiet reverence). The
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Irvine, K. N.; Devine-Wright, P.; Payne, S. R.; Fuller, R. A.; Painter, B.; Gaston, K. J. (2009). "Green space, soundscape and urban sustainability: An interdisciplinary, empirical study".
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Music soundscapes can also be generated by automated software methods, such as the experimental TAPESTREA application, a framework for sound design and soundscape composition, and others.
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include opportunities for appropriate transmission of cultural and historic sounds that are fundamental components of the purposes and values for which the parks were established.
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2006, "Gebiete, Schichten und
Klanglandschaften in den Alpen. Zum Gebrauch einiger historischer Begriffe aus der Musikethnologie", Marcello Sorce Keller, in T. Nussbaumer (ed.),
1702:"Making Operative Concepts from Murray Schafer's Soundscapes Typology: A Qualitative and Comparative Analysis of Noise Pollution in Bangkok, Thailand and Los Angeles, California"
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586:" in urban situations. It has been suggested that people's opportunity to access quiet, natural places in urban areas can be enhanced by improving the ecological quality of
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Pijanowski, Bryan C.; Villanueva-Rivera, Luis J.; Dumyahn, Sarah L.; Farina, Almo; Krause, Bernie; Napoletano, Brian M.; Gage, Stuart H.; Pieretti, Nadia (March 2011).
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The
National Park Service Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division actively protects the soundscapes and acoustic environments in national parks across the country.
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Consisting of the prefix, bio (gr. life) and the suffix for sound, this term refers to all of the non-human, non-domestic biological soundscape sources of sound.
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refers to sound which is unwanted, either because of its effects on humans and wildlife, or its interference with the perception or detection of other sounds.
197:, and language, work, and sounds of mechanical origin resulting from use of industrial technology. Crucially, the term soundscape also includes the listener's
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221:(sounds derived from objects not standardly used for music) of an acoustic environment, either exclusively or in conjunction with musical performances.
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501:, naturalist and soundscape ecologist, redefined the sources of sound in terms of their three main components: geophony, biophony, and anthropophony.
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is used to interpret the timbre of the soundscape. This timbre is mimicked and reproduced using the voice or rich harmonic producing instruments.
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In
Schafer's analysis, there are two distinct soundscapes, "hi-fi" and "lo-fi", created by the environment. A hi-fi system possesses a positive
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The origin of the term soundscape is somewhat ambiguous. It is often miscredited as having been coined by
Canadian composer and naturalist,
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All sounds are unique in nature. They occur at one time in one place and cannot be replicated. In fact, it is physically impossible for
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These are foreground sounds, which are listened to consciously; examples would be warning devices, bells, whistles, horns, sirens, etc.
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234:, defined the term "soundscape" as "All of the waveforms faithfully transmitted to our audio cortex by the ear and its mechanisms".
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387:(1969–79) consisted of 30-minute, uninterrupted environmental soundscapes and synthesized or processed versions of natural sound.
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is the combination of all the acoustic resources, natural and artificial, within a given area as modified by the environment. The
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2008 "Soundscape, postcolonial and music education: Experiencing the earliest grain of the body and music" - Tadahiko Imada in
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and feelings of calm, for example. While the negative effects of sound has been widely acknowledged by organizations like EU (
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of sounds that create the sensation of experiencing a particular acoustic environment, or compositions created using the
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Soundscapes from a computerized acoustic device with a camera may also offer synthetic vision to the blind, utilizing
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Ecology Considered as a Connotation: Semiotic, Post-Colonial and Educational Views of Soundscape" in
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1974 Soundscape studies: An introduction to the World
Soundscape Project. Truax, B. Numus-West, 5, pp. 36–39.
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Consisting of the prefix, anthro (gr. human), this term refers to all of the sound signatures generated by humans.
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2322:. Luca Maria Aiello, Rossano Schifanella, Daniele Quercia, Francesco Aletta (2016). Royal Society Open Science.
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Research has traditionally focused mostly on the negative effects of sound on human beings, as in exposure to
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116:. There is a varied history of the use of soundscape depending on discipline, ranging from urban design to
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Hägerhäll, C., Taylor, R., Cerwén, G., Watts, G., Van den Bosch, M., Press, D. & Minta, S. (2018).
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Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., Janssen, S. & Stansfeld, S. (2014).
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Acoustic
Competence: Investigating sonic empowerment in urban cultures. Berlin / Johannesburg
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plains, birds, insects, animals. In many urban areas, traffic has become the keynote sound.
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Aiello, Luca Maria; Schifanella, Rossano; Quercia, Daniele; Aletta, Francesco (2016).
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Voices of the Wild: Animal Songs, Human Din, and the Call to Save Natural Soundscapes
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The Great Animal Orchestra: Finding the Origins of Music in the World's Wild Places,
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vocalizations, the collective habitat expression of which is now referred to as the
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The Great Animal Orchestra: Finding the Origins of Music in the World's Wild Places
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through targeted planning and design and that in turn has psychological benefits.
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2004 "Voicescapes: The (en)chanting voice & its performance soundscapes" in
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The soundscape is often the subject of mimicry in timbre-centered music such as
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to obstruct even the smallest disturbance. A rural landscape offers more hi-fi
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1590:"The role of soundscape in nature-based rehabilitation: A patient perspective"
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Around the same time as Southworth's project in Boston, Schafer initiated the
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Where Rivers and Mountains Sing, Sound, Music and Nomadism in Tuva and Beyond
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SonorCities: Learning Culture through City Soundscapes – An Educational Tool
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810:"Chatty maps: constructing sound maps of urban areas from social media data"
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Chatty maps: constructing sound maps of urban areas from social media data
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Brown, Lex (2004). "An approach to the acoustic design of outdoor space".
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1382:"Stress Recovery during Exposure to Nature Sound and Environmental Noise"
1198:. New York, NY: Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 29–38.
953:"Electroacoustic Music and the Soundscape: The inner and the Outer World"
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189:. The anthropophony comprises a sub-set called controlled sound, such as
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487:. A soundmark is a sound which is unique to an area. In his 1977 book,
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The soundscape : our sonic environment and the tuning of the world
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Voices of the Wild: Human Din, and the Call to Save Natural Soundscapes
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According to Schafer there are three main elements of the soundscape:
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Music Education Policy and Implementation: International Perspectives
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has created soundscape compositions from the sounds of sky dome and
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Qualitative Judgements of Urban Soundscapes: Questionning [
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Unwanted Wanted Sounds: Perception of Sounds from Water Structures
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Krause, B (January–February 2008). "The Anatomy of a Soundscape".
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Volksmusik in den Alpen: Interkulturelle Horizonte und Crossovers
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Site Soundscapes: Landscape architecture in the light of sound -
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The Soundscape: Our Sonic Environment and the Tuning of the World
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The Soundscape: Our Sonic Environment and the Tuning of the World
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The Soundscape: Our Sonic Environment and the Tuning of the World
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The Soundscape: Our Sonic Environment and the Tuning of the World
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The elements have been further defined as to essential sources:
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Sound in Landscape Architecture: A Soundscape Approach to Noise
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Sound in Landscape Architecture: A Soundscape Approach to Noise
927:. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 198, 214.
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Southworth, Michael (1969). "The Sonic Environment of Cities".
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349:(1970) is an early soundscape composition. Soundscape composer
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Audible characteristics, resonances of an acoustic environment
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National Park Service Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division
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Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Diss. summary:
2009:
Wild Soundscapes: Discovering the Voice of the Natural World
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These 2 works were adapted to become part of the 1993 book,
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over seven years and four billion kilometers through space.
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1286:"Soundscape Ecology: The Science of Sound in the Landscape"
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The new soundscape: a handbook for the modern music teacher
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to reproduce any phoneme twice in exactly the same manner.
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Five village soundscapes (Music of the environment series)
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and deep sea underwater recordings, and a work entitled "
2176:, Salzburg, Verlag Mueller-Speiser, 2006, pp. 9–18.
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Web archive of the audio mapping of the city of Naples
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Alvarsson, J.J., Wiens, S. & Nilsson, M.E (2010).
1319:"Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health"
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Boodler ambient soundscape generator written in Python
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In music, soundscape compositions are often a form of
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or combination of sounds that forms or arises from an
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1069:"Soundscapes - Getting to Know Atish | Red Bull MEA"
161:. The idea of soundscape refers to both the natural
2138:, Acta Acustica united with Acustica 92(6), 929–937
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Linking Soundscape Composition and Acoustic Ecology
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fLOW ambient soundscape generator (Apple Macintosh)
565:, as is the goal of the seeing with sound project.
185:; and environmental sounds created by humans, the
181:and other natural elements, now referred to as the
1588:Cerwén, G., Pedersen, E. & Pálsdóttir (2016).
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430:cases even ordinary sounds have to be exuberantly
329:. Composers who use soundscapes include real-time
19:For the study of the acoustic relationships, see
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3086:Ultra-short baseline acoustic positioning system
2090:The Auditory Culture Reader (Sensory Formations)
1845:Journal of Environmental Planning and Management
361:" to be performed at the extreme environment of
413:. These settings make it possible for discrete
135:(ISO) standardized these definitions in 2014. (
1213:. Inner Traditions/Bear & Co. p. 10.
153:. The study of soundscape is the subject of
133:International Organization for Standardization
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2241:- R. Murray Schafer & Tadahiko Imada (
1980:Acoustic Communication : Second Edition
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2355:Soundscape: The Journal of Acoustic Ecology
2181:The West Meets the East in Acoustic Ecology
2109:Soundscape: The Journal of Acoustic Ecology
2076:Soundscape: The Journal of Acoustic Ecology
986:Deep Listening: A Composer's Sound Practice
925:Background Noise: Perspectives on Sound Art
456:This is a musical term that identifies the
209:The term "soundscape" can also refer to an
3061:Short baseline acoustic positioning system
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3051:Long baseline acoustic positioning system
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957:Companion to Contemporary Musical Thought
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873:. Ablex Publishing Corporation. pp.
841:
769:
84:Learn how and when to remove this message
2132:] Questionnaires and Semantic Scales
1509:International Journal of Nursing Studies
1267:Journal of the Audio Engineering Society
1178:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
983:
2349:World Forum for Acoustic Ecology (WFAE)
2292:- Felix Urban (Marburg: Tectum Verlag)
2285:) - book & links to audio examples
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1196:Audio Culture: Readings in Modern Music
1193:
1052:
1023:
922:
902:. Yale University Press. pp. all.
792:
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3101:Underwater acoustic positioning system
2979:Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System
2415:
2259:Bernie Krause, Little Brown New York,
2192:Japanese Association for Sound Ecology
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417:to be heard clearly since there is no
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2375:Napolisoundscape Urban Space Research
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1011:Avant-gardes Sonores en architecture
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285:
2851:List of experimental music festivals
2311:Soundscape and the Built Environment
1998:Soundscapes: Essays on Vroom and Moo
1699:
1028:. Rochester, Vermont: Destiny Books.
1008:
743:
741:
33:
1656:Journal of Environmental Psychology
309:One of Soundscape's co-founders is
177:, and, for instance, the sounds of
23:. For the PC sound card brand, see
13:
2901:
2856:List of electronic music festivals
1896:
1773:. Stockholm: Stockholm University.
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1578:
1560:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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404:
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27:. For the Cedar Walton album, see
14:
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3096:Underwater acoustic communication
3031:Acoustic Doppler current profiler
2342:
2078:Vol.5 No.2 - Henry Johnson 26-29
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541:
3002:
2023:) - book & QR link to audio
1101:. Cambridge: MIT Press. p.
276:Problems playing this file? See
255:
38:
3154:Hearing range of marine mammals
2790:Experimental musical instrument
2143:"Soundscapes / Paesaggi sonori"
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598:In United States National Parks
569:Soundscapes and noise pollution
3036:Acoustic seabed classification
2861:List of experimental musicians
2004:- Department of Folk Tradition
1820:"Soundscaping | Sound Control"
1521:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.11.018
1002:
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481:This is derived from the term
1:
2835:Electroacoustic improvisation
1961:Handbook for Acoustic Ecology
1769:Rådsten Ekman, Maria (2015).
1460:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.05.023
1335:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61613-X
1013:. Dijon: Les Presses du Réel.
731:
251:"Soundscape from Puerto Rico"
1128:"Mother Nature Goes Digital"
1024:Schafer, Murray, R. (1977).
7:
2198:International Music Centre
1857:10.1080/0964056042000284857
1668:10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102060
1209:Schafer, R. Murray (1993).
793:Schafer, R. Murray (1977).
627:
611:as bat echolocation calls.
316:
165:environment, consisting of
64:the claims made and adding
10:
3257:
3119:Acoustic survey in fishing
1057:. Toronto: Berandol Music.
984:Oliveros, Pauline (2005).
955:. In Paynter, John (ed.).
814:Royal Society Open Science
762:10.1177/001391656900100104
18:
3172:
3109:
3056:Ocean acoustic tomography
3011:
3000:
2909:
2843:
2767:
2714:
2629:
2514:
2503:
2423:
2331:. Cerwén, G. Alnarp: SLU
1798:10.1080/13549830802522061
1448:Physiology & Behavior
988:. iUniverse. p. 18.
923:LaBelle, Brandon (2006).
301:together with colleagues
25:Ensoniq § Soundscape
3159:Marine mammals and sonar
2984:Synthetic aperture sonar
2277:(Yale University Press,
2239:A Little Sound Education
2220:and Tadahiko Imada Eds,
2015:(Yale University Press,
1984:World Soundscape Project
1718:10.1177/0042098014562333
1240:. Little Brown. p.
1194:Schafer, Murray (2004).
1174:Levin, Theodore (2006).
750:Environment and Behavior
425:than a city because the
299:World Soundscape Project
3041:Acoustical oceanography
2611:Intelligent dance music
1946:- A.R.C. Publications (
1917:The Tuning of the World
1744:Cerwén, Gunnar (2017).
1303:10.1525/bio.2011.61.3.6
1234:Krause, Bernie (2012).
898:Krause, Bernie (2016).
2959:Scientific echosounder
1607:10.3390/ijerph13121229
1093:Roads, Curtis (2001).
959:. Routledge. pp.
869:Acoustic Communication
434:in order to be heard.
347:Presque rien, numéro 1
244:
3139:Deep scattering layer
2949:Multibeam echosounder
2944:GLORIA sidescan sonar
2149:(10). December 2008.
1934:- R. Murray Schafer (
1919:- R. Murray Schafer (
1399:10.3390/ijerph7031036
1053:Schafer, R.M (1969).
951:Truax, Barry (1992).
865:Truax, Barry (2001).
660:Environments (series)
552:cognitive restoration
411:signal-to-noise ratio
327:electroacoustic music
243:
3091:Underwater acoustics
3081:Sound velocity probe
3076:Sound speed gradient
2994:Upward looking sonar
2939:Fessenden oscillator
2795:Experimental luthier
2505:Experimental popular
2362:How Sound Affects Us
2047:Per Hedfors (Diss.:
2034:Hildegard Westerkamp
1982:- Barry Truax &
1824:soundcontroltech.com
725:Underwater acoustics
622:Cultural soundscapes
608:acoustic environment
395:Tuvan throat singing
339:Hildegard Westerkamp
232:electronic art music
129:acoustic environment
3200:Hydrographic survey
3149:Fisheries acoustics
3129:Animal echolocation
2924:Baffles (submarine)
2716:Extended techniques
2358:, published by WFAE
2222:Hirosaki University
2196:Hirosaki University
1700:Fong, Jack (2016).
1329:(9925): 1325–1332.
834:10.1098/rsos.150690
826:2016RSOS....350690A
548:environmental noise
384:Environments series
227:, composer of post-
191:musical composition
29:Soundscapes (album)
3231:Experimental music
3195:Geophysical MASINT
3180:Acoustic signature
2820:Sound installation
2667:Free improvisation
2559:Deconstructed club
2417:Experimental music
2045:Design Strategies,
1904:The New Soundscape
715:Soundscape ecology
700:Sound installation
604:Acoustic resources
588:urban green spaces
563:human echolocation
351:Petri Kuljuntausta
331:granular synthesis
286:Historical context
245:
159:soundscape ecology
142:A soundscape is a
49:possibly contains
21:Soundscape ecology
3218:
3217:
2989:Towed array sonar
2969:Sonar beamforming
2954:Passive acoustics
2869:
2868:
2805:Progressive music
2785:Data sonification
2710:
2709:
2569:Experimental rock
2527:Avant-garde metal
2337:978-91-7760-073-2
2298:978-3-8288-3683-9
2283:978-0-300-20631-9
2265:978-0-316-08687-5
2251:978-4-393-93539-2
2233:978-4-902774-39-9
2070:978-3-639-09413-8
2002:Jarviluoma, Helmi
1908:R. Murray Schafer
1786:Local Environment
1755:978-91-7760-073-2
1689:Seeing with Sound
1251:978-0-316-08687-5
1112:978-0-262-18215-7
995:978-0-595-34365-2
970:978-0-415-07225-0
934:978-0-8264-1845-6
690:Sharawadji effect
427:natural landscape
399:Timbral Listening
397:. The process of
292:R. Murray Schafer
260:
114:R. Murray Schafer
94:
93:
86:
51:original research
3248:
3111:Acoustic ecology
3026:Acoustic release
3021:Acoustic network
3006:
2919:Active acoustics
2896:
2889:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2844:Events and lists
2768:Related concepts
2692:Progressive jazz
2564:Experimental pop
2522:Avant-garde jazz
2512:
2511:
2483:Musique concrete
2466:Acousmatic music
2410:
2403:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2218:Lai Chi Rita Yip
2214:Chi Cheung Leung
2183:(Tadahiko Imada
2169:
2167:
2166:
2157:. Archived from
2136:Raimbault, Manon
1890:
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1009:Darò, C (2013).
1006:
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909:978-0-30020631-9
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675:Musique concrète
419:background noise
323:electronic music
262:
261:
242:
225:Pauline Oliveros
155:acoustic ecology
137:ISO 12913-1:2014
125:computer science
100:is the acoustic
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66:inline citations
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3013:Ocean acoustics
3007:
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2964:Side-scan sonar
2905:
2900:
2870:
2865:
2839:
2825:Sound sculpture
2763:
2744:Prepared guitar
2729:Circuit bending
2706:
2625:
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2461:Electroacoustic
2432:
2429:classical music
2428:
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2370:Julian Treasure
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1897:Further reading
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710:Sound sculpture
665:Field recording
630:
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405:The environment
355:Aurora Borealis
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2343:External links
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2306:53(1):173-192.
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771:1721.1/102214
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640:Anthropophony
638:
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635:Ambient music
633:
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531:Anthropophony
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499:Bernie Krause
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47:This article
45:
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3185:Bioacoustics
3124:Acoustic tag
2829:
2507:music genres
2427:contemporary
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2173:
2163:. Retrieved
2159:the original
2147:Lo Squaderno
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2094:Michael Bull
2089:
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2008:
1997:
1979:
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1827:. Retrieved
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1634:cite journal
1600:(12): 1229.
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1537:cite journal
1512:
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1484:cite journal
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1135:. Retrieved
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1077:. Retrieved
1075:. 2017-07-17
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756:(1): 49–70.
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749:
655:Ecoacoustics
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346:
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311:Nezar Kadhem
308:
296:
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229:World War II
223:
219:found sounds
208:
198:
195:sound design
169:, including
141:
128:
97:
95:
80:
71:
48:
2759:Turntablism
2702:Witch house
2662:Drone metal
2451:Avant-garde
1965:Barry Truax
1454:: 240–250.
1137:18 November
720:Space music
584:quiet areas
556:END 2002/49
423:frequencies
343:Luc Ferrari
335:Barry Truax
303:Barry Truax
267:El Cloquido
215:performance
151:environment
102:environment
3225:Categories
3210:Soundscape
3164:Whale song
3144:Fishfinder
3066:Sofar bomb
3046:Hydrophone
2830:Soundscape
2754:Scordatura
2724:3rd bridge
2687:Industrial
2652:Avant-funk
2594:noise rock
2549:Avant-punk
2544:Avant-prog
2532:Post-metal
2471:Tape music
2165:2009-03-14
2021:0300218192
2007:2002/2016
1866:10072/5197
1829:2017-04-19
1792:(2): 155.
1662:: 102060.
1290:BioScience
1097:Microsound
1079:2024-08-07
732:References
613:Soundscape
379:Irv Teibel
278:media help
265:Shared by
199:perception
98:soundscape
58:improve it
3205:Noise map
2810:Sound art
2697:Punk jazz
2672:Free jazz
2604:post-rock
2599:post-punk
2579:math rock
2574:krautrock
2539:Avant-pop
2439:Aleatoric
2245:, Tokyo)
2243:Shunjusha
2155:1973-9141
2121:1607-3304
2084:1607-3304
2053:1401-6249
1676:0272-4944
1566:cite book
1034:cite book
780:130685505
705:Sound map
695:Sound art
680:Noise map
576:John Cage
513:organism.
476:Soundmark
432:amplified
148:immersive
106:perceived
74:July 2020
62:verifying
3190:Biophony
2974:Sonobuoy
2775:Cymatics
2682:Hyperpop
2647:Art rock
2642:Art punk
2584:neo-prog
2554:Biomusic
2515:By style
2425:Related
2368:talk by
2043:Sonotope
1942:) 1977
1875:55857646
1806:55692349
1726:30362727
1626:27973437
1529:23245705
1468:23688947
1418:20617017
1353:24183105
1073:Red Bull
852:27069661
670:Geophony
650:Biophony
645:Biomusic
628:See also
519:Biophony
506:Geophony
484:landmark
365:'s moon
345:, whose
333:pioneer
317:In music
183:geophony
175:biophony
163:acoustic
118:wildlife
3241:Hearing
2657:Ambient
2637:Art pop
2630:Related
2616:Neofolk
2589:no wave
2478:Minimal
2364:(8:18)—
2115:13-17 (
2000:, Eds:
1617:5201370
1476:4826491
1409:2872309
1344:3988259
961:374–398
843:4821272
822:Bibcode
449:Keynote
372:Huygens
179:weather
121:ecology
56:Please
2800:Fluxus
2677:Glitch
2493:Danger
2431:genres
2335:
2296:
2281:
2263:
2249:
2231:
2202:
2194:&
2190:Eds),
2188:et al.
2153:
2119:
2100:
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2019:
1990:
1971:
1950:
1938:
1923:
1873:
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1323:Lancet
1273:(1/2).
1248:
1217:
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992:
967:
931:
906:
881:
850:
840:
778:
451:sounds
439:nature
415:sounds
363:Saturn
341:, and
171:animal
110:humans
3236:Sound
2911:Sonar
2488:Noise
2456:Drone
2325:2017
2316:2016
2309:2016
2288:2016
2269:2015
2255:2012
2237:2009
2225:Press
2179:2006
2126:2006
2088:2004
2039:2003
2026:2002
1996:1994
1978:1985
1959:1978
1915:1977
1902:1969
1871:S2CID
1802:S2CID
1722:S2CID
1472:S2CID
776:S2CID
618:Noise
367:Titan
144:sound
2780:Dada
2621:Wave
2333:ISBN
2294:ISBN
2279:ISBN
2261:ISBN
2247:ISBN
2229:ISBN
2200:ISBN
2151:ISSN
2117:ISSN
2098:ISBN
2080:ISSN
2066:ISBN
2056:ISBN
2049:ISSN
2017:ISBN
1988:ISBN
1969:ISBN
1948:ISBN
1936:ISBN
1921:ISBN
1750:ISBN
1672:ISSN
1640:link
1622:PMID
1572:link
1543:link
1525:PMID
1490:link
1464:PMID
1432:link
1414:PMID
1367:link
1349:PMID
1246:ISBN
1215:ISBN
1139:2015
1107:ISBN
1040:link
990:ISBN
965:ISBN
929:ISBN
904:ISBN
879:ISBN
848:PMID
2366:TED
2130:sic
1861:hdl
1853:doi
1794:doi
1714:doi
1664:doi
1612:PMC
1602:doi
1517:doi
1456:doi
1452:118
1404:PMC
1394:doi
1339:PMC
1331:doi
1327:383
1298:doi
1242:278
1103:312
838:PMC
830:doi
766:hdl
758:doi
458:key
381:'s
325:or
213:or
157:or
123:to
108:by
104:as
60:by
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