South African nationality law

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when Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei, and Venda had been declared foreign states. Under provisions of the law, persons in those homelands could acquire nationality by birth, descent, naturalisation, or registration. To acquire nationality from birth one had to prove their affiliation to one of the homelands, prove that they had been born in South Africa prior to the independence of the homeland, and prove that they had lost their South African nationality. If they had left their homeland, they also had to verify that they were permanent residents in South Africa. For nationality by descent, a person had to have been born in one of the homelands to a person who qualified for restoration of their nationality from birth, and be a South African permanent resident. Nationality by registration required that an applicant be sixteen years old or more; a citizen of an independent homeland, who was South African prior to the creation of the independent state; and a lawful permanent resident; or an unmarried minor child whose parent qualified for restored nationality at birth. Obtaining nationality by registration was at the sole discretion of the Director General of the Department of Home Affairs. For restoration of nationality by naturalisation, provisions required that applicants were either born in a white portion South Africa prior to creation of the independent homelands, or after their creation in the homeland; that their parents were born in South Africa or in an independent homeland; or if a female who was a lawful permanent resident of South Africa, that she be the wife or widow of a South African, whose marriage and residency had continued for at least two years in the immediate period prior to submitting an application. The complexity of requirements and basis on permanent residency, allowed very limited numbers of people to reacquire nationality.

912:, a final constitution was approved by the assembly on 11 October 1996. Under its terms, Section 3 provided that all South Africans had a right to equally acquire nationality and citizenship and that such provisions would be contained in the Citizenship Act. In 2007, the 1995 Citizenship Act was amended (Act No. 69) to clarify that persons who had been registered or naturalised in the Homelands were also automatically granted South African nationality and citizenship. It also granted the Minister responsible for naturalisation to grant certificates at his discretion under exceptional circumstance to applicants who did not meet the typical requirements to naturalise. In 2004, an amendment to the Citizenship Act (No. 17) removed the clause that a national could lose their nationality for voting in another country or using a foreign passport. It was modified again in 2010 (Act No. 17) with changed provisions from automatic acquisition of nationality at birth for children who had one parent who was a legal resident or citizen to require that one parent must be South African and the other a lawful permanent resident or also South African. It allowed children born in South Africa to foreign parents to apply for naturalisation upon reaching majority, as long as the birth had been registered. Refining the provisions for dual nationality, the amendment required applicants for naturalisation to prove they were from a country that allowed them to hold other nationality or they were required to renounce their other nationality. It also added a provision that naturalised persons could lose their nationality if they participated in a war that South Africa did not support. 660: 905:

repealed in 1995 with the passage of a new Citizenship Act (No. 88). The overall nationality scheme did not change dramatically. It provided that prior legislation was repealed, nationality and citizenship were acquired through equal entitlement, dual nationality was accepted, and children who were stateless were granted nationality. The statute changed the discriminatory provisions of the 1993 Restoration Act, which required naturalisation, to automatically grant nationality and citizenship to those who had formerly held homeland citizenship. It also made minor changes to the requirements for naturalisation and the oath of allegiance, but to naturalise, a foreigner still had to satisfy conditions that they were legal permanent residents, met specific residency requirements, and intended to continue to live in South Africa. Finally it established that persons could lose their nationality for committing certain crimes, for obtaining dual nationality or working for a foreign state or military without authorisation, for fraud in a naturalisation application, or for voting or using a passport of another country.

696:, New Zealand, and South Africa — declaring them all to be equal, self-governing states, united by their allegiance to Britain, with the authority for managing their own internal and external affairs. The Nationalisation and Amnesty Act of 1932 confirmed that those who had become Union nationals on or after the Union and Nationality and Flags Act of 1927 was effective and those who became residents after the effective date in 1932, were Union nationals. In 1937, the Aliens Act was passed as a successor to the Quota Act. Under its terms anyone who was not born as a British subject or Union national was considered foreign and subject to obtaining a residence permit. It established a set of racial categories, which included Asians, Blacks and Jews, who were prohibited immigrants. The Aliens Act was amended in 1939 by the Aliens and Immigration Bill which denied immigration for anyone who had Jewish parents and provided for deportation of undesirable foreigners as well as gave the state the ability to intervene in businesses owned by foreign proprietors. 875:

conferred nationality after two years residency and be eligible to complete their national service. Anyone who refused to become South African was immediately deprived of their residency permit. The Citizenship Act was amended (No. 30) in 1980 to make permanent denationalisations of some South Africans. In 1981, nationality statutes were amended (Act No. 95) to grant South African nationality to the illegitimate children of mothers who were not prohibited immigrants and had established permanent residency, if the child was adopted by a South African and to allow wives and the guardians of minor children to decline being automatically naturalised with their husband or father. Shortfalls in military service again resulted in an amendment of the Citizenship Act (No. 43) in 1984, which modified the terms of the 1978 Act, indirectly making permanent residents liable to military service (even though this is not explicitly mentioned) by mandating automatic naturalisation after five years of ordinary residence.

759:. In 1949, South Africa promulgated the Citizenship Act 44, which automatically conferred Union nationality, in Sections 2 and 5 upon persons born or descended from South Africans, and in Section 2.2, upon the inhabitants who had been born in South West Africa on 2 September 1949, the date the act became operable. It specifically included those persons who had previously been stateless as defined by the mandate. Under its terms, persons who had previously been British nationals, including their wives who had previously been British subjects, or persons who were born or legally domiciled the Union or in South West Africa were considered Union nationals. For those born after the effective date of the statue, nationality was derived at birth by being born in the territory to a father who was neither an 883:

rebellion and international pressure South Africa agreed to begin the process of dismantalling Apartheid and in December 1988, approved a plan for Namibian. In 1990, South Africa passed series of statutes regarding Namibia, they included Act 34 which recognized Namibia's independence, Act 74 which withdrew South African nationality from persons who gained Namibian nationality at independence, and Act 112 which modified the applicability of South African law to Namibia. A constitution for Namibia was drafted and adopted on 9 February 1990. In 1991, the Citizenship Act was amended (No. 70) to remove marital status, and thus legitimacy, as a criterion for obtaining nationality. The new language stated that acquisition of nationality was based on having a South African parent.

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that a married woman derived her nationality from her spouse, meaning if he was British, she was also, and if he was foreign, so was she. It stipulated that upon loss of nationality of a husband, a wife could declare that she wished to remain British. It allowed that if a marriage had terminated, through death or divorce, a British-born national who had lost her status through marriage could reacquire British nationality through naturalisation without meeting a residency requirement. The statute specified that a five-year residency or service to the crown was required for naturalisation.

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the laws in other jurisdictions in the empire. Thus, a person who was naturalised in Canada, for example, would be considered a foreigner, rather than a British national, in Australia or South Africa. In South Africa, from 1860 in the Colony of Natal and from 1861 in the Cape Colony, foreign husbands who married British wives could naturalise based on their wife's residency in the colony. In Natal, however, a husband also had to have had three children to naturalise and foreign wives who married British subjects automatically derived nationality from their spouse.

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immigrant, were considered both Union nationals and British subjects. Also eligible to be Union nationals were British subjects who lived in the Union territory continuously for two years; persons who were naturalized British subjects, not prohibited from immigration, and had continuously had a domicile in South Africa for three years; persons born abroad to a father who was a Union national at the time of their birth; or the wife of a Union national. Women who married persons who were foreigners were not eligible to be Union nationals. Because natives of

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character and no record of conviction for serious crimes (or had been pardoned if he had a conviction) and taking an oath of allegiance. It also provided that foreign women who married a British subject of the colony, were considered to be a naturalized subject of the Cape Colony, as were minor children born within the colony to a naturalized parent. The 1883 Act was amended in 1889 and 1906. In 1897 an Immigration Restriction Act was passed for Natal, which provided that persons who were not allowed to enter the country included those who were

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state or military without authorisation; for fraud, misrepresentation, or concealment in a naturalisation petition; in the event that naturalisation was granted contrary to current or previous legislation; or if the Minister of Home Affairs determines that loss of nationality is of benefit to public interests. Persons who have previously lost their South African nationality may repatriate as long as the reasons they were deprived of nationality no longer exist in South African statutes.

5521: 7682: 573:, the Naturalisation of Aliens Act of 23 December 1910, replaced and repealed the individual acts of naturalisation which had previously been in place in those colonies. It allowed white foreigners of majority (twenty-one years old) who had resided in South Africa for two cumulative years out of the last five-year period to naturalise as British subjects, and based acquisition of nationality on the relationship to the male head of the family. In 1911, at the 7191: 5784: 5595: 656:

had been denaturalised could request reinstatement within one year of reaching majority. Widows who had originally been British subjects, whose foreign spouse had died, were also allowed to naturalise. Under the provisions of Chapter III, Section 12, foreign wives of British subjects automatically became British subjects upon marriage and British women who married foreign husbands automatically lost the status of British subject upon marriage.

862:, disregarding current residence. An amendment in 1971 presented the homelands with constitutions, and by 1974, when Transkei opted for independence, denaturalization became embedded in the idea to grant independence to the homelands. In a bid for international recognition of each homeland gaining independence, nationality was extended to each Transkieian in 1976. International recognition was not forthcoming and a resolution of the 1358:, 47 (13 June 2023) ("It is declared that s 6(1)(a) of the South African Citizenship Act 88 of 1995 is inconsistent with the Constitution and is invalid from its promulgation on 6 October 1995. It is further declared that those citizens who lost their citizenship by operation of s 6(1)(a) of the South African Citizenship Act 88 of 1995 are deemed not to have lost their citizenship."). 673:

maximum quotas for persons from other countries, like Russia and Eastern Europe. A further amendment to the Quota Act was adopted in 1933 which removed an exemption for skilled workers to take the literacy test. Under its terms, to prevent undesirable immigration, the country from which a person originated, rather than their nationality became the basis for exclusion.

814:(No. 26, later the National States Citizenship Act and from 1978 the Black States Citizenship Act) was passed by the South African government. The purpose of these laws was to denaturalise all Black South Africans in the country and assign them to ethnically categorized zones, which would become independent, thereby forcing them into becoming nationals of those in 415:, established that inhabitants in Dutch territory could acquire nationality by birth, and citizenship if they were born in Batavian territory and remained there for two years, or if they lived within the nation for ten years. From 1717, a law limited the immigration of European women to Africa, increasing the likelihood of slave women becoming 285:

Applicants must verify that they have been a permanent resident for five years and additionally resided in the country for a cumulative four years out of a previous eight-year period plus continuously in the year preceding the application. Besides foreigners meeting the criteria, other persons who may apply for naturalisation include:

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were allowed to obtain nationality through registration after a cumulative residency of four years over a six-year period. Naturalisation required a literacy in a language of the Union, evidence of no confinement for offences or mental illness, and proof of a cumulative residency of five years over a

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for an accumulated five years over an eight-year period, who were literate (in a language of South Africa), and intended to reside in the territory, were allowed to naturalise. Naturalisation or denaturalisation of a father automatically changed the status of his minor children. However, children who

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was proposed, Britain agreed to the proposal with the intent of substituting its administration to South Africa. The Treaty of Peace and South West Africa Mandate Act 49 of 1919 established the local framework for the administration of South West Africa by South Africa. It was ratified in 1921 and in

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a decision was made to draft a common nationality code for use across the empire. Other than common law, there was no standard statutory law which applied for subjects throughout the realm, meaning different jurisdictions created their own legislation for local conditions, which often conflicted with

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if they met the criteria for British registration. From 1962, the United Nations supported the independence movement and sought solutions to bring about independence for South West Africa. On 27 October 1966, the United Nations revoked (GA resolution 2145 (XXI)) the trusteeship of South Africa over

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were not British subjects under the rules of the mandate, they were also not allowed to become Union nationals. The Quota Act of 1930 was designed to supplement the 1913 Immigrants Regulation Act and established unlimited immigration from Commonwealth and Western European countries, but established

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A commission was convened in 1946 to review nationality of the inhabitants in former German colonies. It concluded that inhabitants of mandates did not acquire nationality from the trustee and if they had been German nationals under the terms of the 1913 Nationality law, they became stateless when

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Between 1984 and 1988, negotiations between the United Nations, international actors, and South Africa focused on setting a timetable for Namibian independence. In 1986, the Restoration of South African Citizenship Act (No. 73) was passed repatriating those nationals who had lost their nationality

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nationals, meaning an illegitimate child could derive nationality from its mother. For those born abroad on or after the effective date, legitimacy was still required, and could only be derived by a child from a British father (one generation), who was natural-born or naturalised. It also provided

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allowed local jurisdictions in the self-governing territories to continue regulating nationality in their jurisdictions, but also established an imperial nationality scheme for use throughout the realm. Under its terms, common law provisions were reiterated for natural-born persons born within the

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that Section 26 of the Immigration Act requires a spouse to have five years of marriage and residence to gain permanent residency and further that the 1995 Regulations on the South African Citizenship Act require that a spouse have resided in the country for ten years without having an absence of

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condemned the process of arbitrarily transferring nationality. South Africa ignored the international outcry, granting independence to Bophuthatswana in 1977, Venda in 1979, and Ciskei in 1981. Despite insistence that the homelands were independent, they remained financial dependents of the South

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for obtaining other nationality without registering prior to acquiring other nationality with the authorities. They can also lose their nationality for committing serious crimes resulting in a sentence of more than one year, or crimes against the state or state security; for working for a foreign

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from other African regions as well as parts of South and Southeast Asia were imported to work in agriculture and in domestic service. During the 18th century, the growth in population of white settlers was nearly identical to increases in slave populations, despite the fact that the slaves were

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was passed. Under its terms, persons who had formerly had citizenship in the homelands could naturalise in South Africa. On 1 June 1994, South Africa rejoined the Commonwealth of Nations. The homelands were formally abolished 1994 and the final provisions of independence for the homelands were

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Although negotiations broke down in 1992, they resumed in 1993 and produced an interim constitution by the end of November which defined the constitutional principles for citizenship and established voting rules for the 1994 elections. As part of ensuring suffrage and because of the failure to

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Organized campaigns in Europe and the United States called for economic sanctions against South Africa and urged multinational enterprises to withdraw from doing business in the country. As the measures began to impact the economy, internal unrest and boycotts began. Finally bowing to internal

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the authority without any appeal mechanism to strip any South African of their nationality if they held dual nationality. Because foreigners were evading military service, the Citizenship Act was amended (No. 53) in 1978, to require that alien residents under twenty-five would be automatically

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The Union Nationality and Flags Act, no. 40 of 1927 (passed on 11 November 1927 and in operation on 31 May 1928), specified that British subjects residing in the territories of the Union of South Africa and any child born in the territory on or after 1 June 1928, who was not an alien or barred

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Further laws on naturalisation, which did not vary overmuch from the 1817 decree, were passed for the Cape Colony in 1856, 1861, and 1868, which were repealed by the consolidation and amendment of 22 August 1883. Under the 1883 Act, male foreigners could naturalise upon providing proof of good

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On 31 May 1961, the Union of South Africa left the Commonwealth and became the Republic of South Africa. The South African Citizenship Amendment Act (No. 64) of 1961, reiterated that under the new Republic, South West Africans continued to be South African nationals. The South Africa Act 1962

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with adaptations for Holland. When the French Empire annexed the Dutch kingdom in 1810, the full French code was declared to apply to Dutch territory. Under its terms nationality was acquired at birth through descent from a father. Married women were legally incapacitated, making them legal

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who have resided in South Africa for a sufficient period of time to confirm they understand the official languages, customs and traditions of the country and the responsibilities of citizenship. General provisions are that applicants have good character and intend to remain in South Africa.

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adopted a resolution that the administrator of a mandate could not confer nationality upon the native inhabitants, leaving them stateless. This was not the case for white settlers and South Africa granted the status of British subject to Germans residing in the territory from 1924.

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and the following year officially renamed the territory Namibia. Despite international pressure and a ruling by the International Court of Justice in 1971 that South Africa's continuing occupation of Namibia was illegal, South Africa remained opposed to Namibia's independence.

648: 4910: 534:, and their slaves followed as a result of policies enacted by the British to protect indigenous people and newly emancipated slaves. Groups settled in the Natal, Transvaal, Transorangia, areas as well as northward into Bechuanaland (later part of 798:

South West Africa. Britain did not accept the revocation by the United Nations, but admitted that South Africa had violated the terms of its administration. The revocation was upheld by the International Court of Justice. On 19 May 1967, the

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a South African citizen shall cease to be a South African citizen if he or she, whilst not being a minor, by some voluntary and formal act other than marriage, acquires the citizenship or nationality of a country other than the

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seven-year period. Wives of South Africans who were lawful residents for three years were able to naturalise. Women gained independent nationality under the 1949 statute. In 1960, Ethiopia and Libya instituted proceedings in the

651:. Under its terms, persons born in the territory, persons born abroad to a father who was a British subject, or persons born upon a British ship became British subjects. Additionally, persons who had resided or been employed by 731:, protested directly to the British High Commissioner and led a campaign against annexation by South Africa. The British government supported annexation, but the UN rejected the proposal and instead designated the country as a 767:; or born abroad to a father who was born in South Africa or South West Africa, or to a father who was naturalised as South African; and could only be acquired through a South African mother if the child was illegitimate. 3279: 793:

provided that persons who had been British subjects by virtue of Union nationality were no longer British; however, transitional provisions gave persons until 1 January 1966 to register as British nationals under the

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avoids usage of the term "nationality" to sidestep possibilities of evoking ethnic connotations, but there is now little distinction between the two terms and they are used interchangeably in the modern context.

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Any person born to at least one South African parent receives citizenship at birth. Children born to a legal resident of the country are permitted to South African citizenship only when they reach the

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abolished slavery within its empire, establishing a four-year apprenticeship system in which slaves could transition to emancipation. A large scale exodus from the Cape Colony of Dutch-speaking

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While the Netherlands was attempting to regain its independence from France, Britain moved against Dutch overseas possessions, and formally acquired the Cape of Good Hope under the terms of the

1368: 4085: 711:, the successor to the League of Nations. Though there was strong opposition to incorporation among the native inhabitants of South West Africa, the South African government held a 901: 358:

In addition, persons applying for naturalisation must prove that the country of their current nationality allows them to be dual nationals or they must renounce that nationality.

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at the time of acquisition remained in place until changed. As a new Civil Code for the Netherlands was not adopted until 1838, the law in place at acquisition in 1814 was the

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African government. The action resulted in the Black population becoming stateless foreigners in South Africa with no rights, beyond those granted by their varied homelands.

747:, which has had a lasting impact on statelessness for many persons who were native or descended from South West Africans, as birth registration was not mandatory or routine. 6541: 6446: 5397: 5335: 870:

In 1973, the Aliens Control Act restricted both mobility and employment options of all non-citizens. That year a Citizenship Amendment Act (No. 41) was passed granting the

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upon conversion. The law also barred white fathers from manumitting children with slave mothers, but did allow freedom to children born to white mothers and slave fathers.

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and is the common term used in international treaties when referring to members of a state; citizenship refers to the set of rights and duties a person has in that nation.

3542: 593:, with only white persons able to immigrate. In effect, the law began the series of policies which would make native Africans non-citizen nationals of their country. The 4642: 491: 6456: 6274: 5068: 818:. The initial 1970 Act Section three did not immediately deprive Black people of South African nationality, but assigned them to live in ten specific territories — 411:(1588–1795), belonging was based on birth in a Dutch city or province and could be acquired through marriage or application for admission. Its successor state, the 6581: 351:

and ordered the reinstatement of South African citizenship for those who lost their citizenship in this manner; the judgement however requires confirmation by the

6571: 5211: 4361: 4943: 464:, but reverted to crown rule in 1900. In 1852, Britain recognized the Boer state of the South African Republic, but in 1877, it was attached to Britain as the 3719: 585:

and Jewish immigrants. Eventually the Immigrants Regulation Act (Act No. 13) was passed in 1913, which prohibited migrant workers who originated north of the

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In 1911, proposed legislation was drafted in South Africa to bar Indian immigration and exclude undesirable Caucasian migrants. It was targeted to exclude

343:, and failure to do so will result in the automatic loss of South African citizenship upon acquiring another country's citizenship. On 13 June 2023, the 7578: 318:

their nationality, provided that comply with registration processes. Any national of South Africa can be deprived of their nationality. Nationals can be

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South Africa is composed of several former British colonies conquered and settled during and very shortly after the 19th century whose residents were

5482: 550:, physically or mentally unfit or had contagious diseases, unpardoned felons, and prostitutes. A similar act was passed for the Cape Colony in 1902. 3855: 3851: 594: 339:

to retain their citizenship prior to acquiring the citizenship of another country via any voluntary and formal act (other than marriage) if over the

5487: 5477: 5910: 1372: 7644: 5544: 626:. Germany surrendered the territory to the British on 9 July 1915 and it was occupied by the South African military until the war ended. At the 289:

Children born in the territory, to foreigners who are legal residents, if they have resided in South Africa since birth, upon reaching majority;

6216: 969:, they were deemed to be "lacking nationality but enjoying an administrative status analogous to that of inhabitants of British protectorates". 4066: 892: 6960: 5549: 3371: 298:

The spouse of a South African national after a "prescribed period" of residency and provided they are approved for permanent residency; or

6956: 4397: 3750: 506:, meaning that nationality was defined by the relationship of a child or wife to their father or husband. In 1807, Britain abolished the 495: 7522: 6261: 5820: 5425: 261:

Children born anywhere who have at least one parent who is South African and the other parent is South African or a legal resident; or

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to South Africa. To standardize the requirements for naturalisation in the Cape Colony, Colony of Natal, Orange Free State and the

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is not always clear in the English language and differs by country. Generally, nationality refers a person's legal belonging to a

5771: 5384: 5322: 4968: 3304: 3131: 871: 803: 336: 302: 5458: 994:. They were not independent, had limited governing authority, and by 1979, the Namibian homelands were placed under martial law. 7702: 7457: 7272: 7222: 6802: 6246: 6148: 6075: 627: 344: 452:

was claimed by Britain in 1835, abandoned in 1837, re-annexed in 1847, and in 1864 was incorporated into the Cape Colony. The

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peoples who had emigrated from the northwest approximately 2000 years prior. As the colony developed and expanded from 1658,

7583: 5584: 4368: 3990: 931: 909: 352: 6115: 5740: 5730: 5649: 3699: 3313: 896: 3991:"Civil Code Revision in the Netherlands: A Survey of Its System and Contents, and Its Influence on Dutch Legal Practice" 185:. While South African citizens are no longer British, they continue to hold favoured status when residing in the UK; as 6832: 6501: 6188: 5574: 5392: 400:

predominantly male. Conversion to Christianity was discouraged, because Dutch law in the period required slaves to be

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To provide for the acquisition, loss and resumption of South African citizenship; and for matters incidental thereto.

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Persons who have exceptional circumstances may be naturalised without meeting requirements at the discretion of the

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was claimed in 1872, which were incorporated into the Cape Colony, respectively in 1895 and 1880. Britain acquired

735:. South Africa refused to accept the decision and launched a legal challenge to the UN jurisdiction. In 1950, the 7618: 7492: 7055: 6937: 6696: 6050: 5890: 5639: 5634: 5564: 5396:. Vol. 226, no. 9159. Pretoria, South Africa: Government of South Africa. 11 April 1984. pp. 3–5. 5046:

Non-State Justice Institutions and the Law: Decision-Making at the Interface of Tradition, Religion and the State

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ruled against South Africa confirming the lawful administration under the United Nations. In 1948, the policy of

7482: 6085: 6065: 5965: 5813: 5684: 4215:"Social and Economic Rights in the South African Constitution: Legal Consequences and Practical Considerations" 921: 773: 736: 5259: 7654: 7603: 6952: 6516: 6401: 6266: 5925: 5624: 5579: 5116: 4081: 4047: 3741: 3367: 951: 98: 6822: 514:, the Governor General of the Cape of Good Hope, issued a decree that foreigners could be granted a deed of 7639: 7462: 7173: 6526: 6486: 6251: 5885: 5788: 5750: 5735: 5654: 5539: 3518: 794: 348: 233: 162:. Foreign nationals may be granted citizenship after meeting a residence requirement (usually five years). 3857:

A Collection of Nationality Laws of Various Countries as Contained in Constitutions, Statutes and Treaties

7613: 7608: 7487: 7477: 7432: 7312: 7287: 7043: 6998: 6917: 6912: 6892: 6837: 6827: 6792: 6521: 6441: 6376: 6173: 6060: 6010: 5880: 5745: 5679: 5659: 5629: 5609: 5125: 5016: 3597: 3184: 3098: 991: 677: 315: 4612: 3662: 7672: 7593: 7552: 7542: 7502: 7467: 7417: 7382: 7277: 6993: 6970: 6907: 6887: 6847: 6731: 6706: 6701: 6531: 6506: 6411: 6346: 6336: 6326: 6316: 6256: 6241: 6236: 6211: 6193: 6125: 6055: 6025: 5915: 5689: 5669: 5619: 5569: 4939: 4486: 4007: 3551: 3454: 3175: 437: 151:. The primary law governing nationality requirements is the South African Citizenship Act, 1995, which 46: 5448: 1377:

an order of constitutional invalidity has no force unless it is confirmed by the Constitutional Court.

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and reported to the UN that the majority of South West Africans supported the proposal. Chiefs of the

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The End Conscription Campaign 1983–1988: A Study of White Extra-Parliamentary Opposition to Apartheid

3591: 635: 499: 4751:"The Ban on 'Tropical Natives' and the Promotion of Illegal Migration in Pre-Apartheid South Africa" 4362:

Chisuse and Others v Director-General, Department of Home Affairs and Another [2020] ZACC 20

3737:"The Judiciary in a State of National Crisis—with Special Reference to the South African Experience" 224:

Historically, South African citizenship existed as a subsection within a wider British nationality (

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in 1910, South Africa was granted more autonomy over time and gradually became independent from the

7527: 7512: 7437: 7422: 7392: 7372: 7362: 7352: 7342: 7332: 7317: 7307: 7297: 7282: 7194: 6947: 6817: 6807: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6736: 6646: 6626: 6611: 6461: 6431: 6386: 6371: 6331: 6321: 6296: 6226: 6221: 6168: 6163: 6153: 6105: 6100: 6090: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6020: 6000: 5995: 5985: 5955: 5945: 5935: 5930: 5920: 5900: 5860: 5850: 5720: 5715: 5664: 5644: 5022: 4872:"From the Past to the Present: Regulating Migration and Immigration in Post-Apartheid South Africa" 4299: 4257: 3951: 693: 615: 574: 372: 335:

since 1994 with restrictions. Citizens are required to apply for, and obtain, permission from the

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After the elections a Constitutional Assembly was called and after consultation and review by the

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more than ninety days in the five-year period immediately preceding a naturalisation application.

603: 582: 396: 229: 3852:"Union of South Africa Part I: Provisions in Constitutions and Statutes Relating to Nationality" 663:

The Union Nationality and Flags Act, 1927, as published in the Government Gazette Extraordinary.

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Adoptees of South African nationals can acquire nationality upon completion of a legal adoption;

7517: 7472: 7377: 7367: 7337: 7160: 6942: 6932: 6897: 6797: 6741: 6726: 6661: 6656: 6641: 6536: 6511: 6481: 6406: 6366: 6198: 6070: 6005: 5990: 5975: 4755: 4392: 3352: 3259: 891:

The last Apartheid law was abolished on 17 June 1991 and in November the government hosted the

515: 511: 5181: 5041: 4539: 4455: 3090: 245:

Nationality can be obtained in South Africa at birth or later in life through naturalisation.

7598: 7003: 6761: 6716: 6681: 6666: 6636: 6491: 6421: 6178: 5298: 5072: 4796: 4682: 3889: 3510: 744: 558: 554: 170: 78: 5044:. In Kötter, Matthias; Röder, Tilmann J.; Schuppert, Gunnar Folke; Wolfrum, Rüduger (eds.). 4535: 4300:"The Child's Right to a Nationality and the Acquisition of Citizenship in South African Law" 3300:"Conscientious Objection in South Africa: Governmental Paranoia and the Law of Conscription" 3118:"The Restoration of the South African Citizenship Act: An Exercise in Statutory Obfuscation" 7588: 7254: 7238: 7124: 7097: 6988: 6551: 5502: 5092: 5076: 4620: 4104: 3998: 768: 507: 332: 198: 186: 5354: 4701: 1702: 1700: 1698: 419:

or wives of white colonists. The governmental form changed again in 1805, and in 1809 the

38: 8: 7686: 7114: 7033: 6576: 5525: 5330: 4226: 1324: 764: 586: 189:, South Africans are eligible to vote in UK elections and serve in public office there. 7013: 5429: 5161: 5145: 5049: 4822: 4788: 4584: 4509: 4461: 4186: 4138: 4113: 3816: 3622: 3563: 3490: 3474: 3411: 3228: 3204: 3171:"Subject to Empire: Married Women and the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act" 1695: 966: 590: 523: 519: 420: 4619:. Department of Geography, Queen Mary College Occasional Papers. Vol. 6. London: 428:

dependents, and the nationality of a husband was automatically bestowed upon a wife.

7155: 7107: 5310: 5284: 5244: 5219: 5193: 5165: 5153: 5137: 5096: 5053: 5026: 4989: 4981: 4902: 4894: 4844: 4792: 4780: 4772: 4725: 4717: 4686: 4651: 4624: 4592: 4576: 4547: 4521: 4490: 4465: 4428: 4420: 4331: 4323: 4295: 4269: 4230: 4194: 4178: 4146: 4130: 4046:

Hobden, Christine (February 2018). Report on citizenship law: South Africa (Report).

4019: 4011: 3963: 3923: 3893: 3865: 3824: 3808: 3762: 3754: 3711: 3703: 3672: 3647: 3626: 3601: 3571: 3555: 3522: 3494: 3482: 3466: 3438: 3419: 3403: 3325: 3317: 3271: 3263: 3220: 3212: 3196: 3143: 3135: 3102: 900:

restore nationality and citizenship rights to persons in the homelands, in 1993, the

777: 704: 669: 640: 631: 535: 453: 449: 412: 376: 152: 5042:"6. South Africa: Legal Recognition of Traditional Courts—Legal Pluralism in Action" 7659: 7623: 7038: 5364: 5129: 5088: 4890: 4886: 4764: 4513: 4410: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4122: 4051: 3800: 3458: 3232: 3188: 689: 570: 465: 319: 292:

Minor children of a naturalised South African may be naturalised with their parent;

4457:

Dutch Culture in a European Perspective: 1800, Blueprints for a National Community

3091:"The Gendered Politics of the SWAPO Camps during the Namibian Liberation Struggle" 2709: 7568: 7264: 7119: 5829: 5495: 5309:. London: Her Majesty's Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners: 47–54. 1871. 5240: 4800: 4572: 4077: 3363: 562: 503: 473: 424: 392: 340: 281: 225: 166: 159: 4027: 2724: 7150: 7050: 5376: 3909:"Mixed Jurisdictions in the Commonwealth Caribbean: Mixing, Unmixing, Remixing" 2883: 859: 819: 781: 708: 461: 432:

British colonial rule and early period of the Union of South Africa (1814–1949)

408: 277: 182: 178: 5314: 5157: 4906: 4784: 4750: 4729: 4596: 4198: 4177:(1). London: British Institute of International and Comparative Law: 124–128. 4023: 3766: 3575: 3486: 3462: 3423: 3402:(1). London: British Institute of International and Comparative Law: 109–116. 3216: 7696: 7180: 7129: 7061: 6603: 5359: 5141: 4985: 4898: 4848: 4776: 4721: 4672: 4638: 4580: 4551: 4432: 4424: 4357: 4335: 4327: 4273: 4234: 4182: 4134: 4015: 3967: 3927: 3869: 3828: 3812: 3758: 3715: 3707: 3559: 3470: 3407: 3329: 3321: 3275: 3267: 3200: 3147: 3139: 728: 720: 716: 630:, Britain made it clear that it did not want direct control in administering 619: 527: 265: 5273:"Netherlands: The Administration of Dutch Migration 19th and 20th Centuries" 4993: 4150: 802:

passed resolution 2248 establishing administration for the territory by the

649:

British Nationality in the Union and Naturalisation and Status of Aliens Act

257:

are used to determine nationality at birth. Those who are eligible include:

7207: 7076: 5520: 4713: 3922:(1). Tilburg, Netherlands: Tilburg University, Schoordijk Institute: 1–23. 3224: 979: 700: 510:

throughout its realm, but did not ban slavery in its territories. In 1817,

485: 481: 477: 457: 445: 218: 148: 88: 4885:(4). Vienna, Austria: Mattersburger Kreis für Entwicklungspolitik: 67–93. 4517: 4415: 1012: 7134: 7092: 5207: 3931: 3664:

Namibia and Southern Africa: Regional Dynamics of Decolonization, 1945-90

3646:(2nd ed.). Irvington-on-Hudson, New York: Transnational Publishers. 983: 926: 760: 755:

On 1 January 1949, South Africa became an independent country within the

724: 416: 214: 210: 144: 4768: 4121:(2). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Law Review Association: 261–289. 3688:"South Africa's Independent Homelands: An Exercise in Denationalization" 3567: 3537: 3478: 3442: 1454: 5149: 5111: 5006: 4861: 4676: 4546:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 408–411. 4445: 4348: 4286: 4247: 4142: 4108: 3980: 3875: 3841: 3820: 3782: 3550:(2). Pretoria, South Africa: Institute of Foreign and Comparative Law, 3342: 3208: 3170: 3160: 987: 835: 712: 623: 566: 543: 469: 441: 401: 384: 57: 5433: 5234: 4588: 4560: 4480: 4190: 4166: 4056: 3616: 3593:

The Occupation of Namibia: Afrikanerdom's Attack on the British Empire

3415: 3391: 5594: 5280: 3668: 827: 815: 740: 685: 652: 380: 5277:

National Approaches to the Administration of International Migration

5212:"Nationality and Citizenship in a Changing European and World Order" 4126: 3804: 2910: 2361: 902:

Restoration and Extension of South African Citizenship Act (No. 196)

347:

struck down the relevant legislation as being inconsistent with the

7102: 7068: 5798: 5468:

South African Government Services: Application for dual nationality

5133: 4813: 4763:(3). Waltham, Massachusetts: African Studies Association: 156–177. 3783:"Walvis Bay: South Africa, Namibia and the Question of Sovereignty" 3192: 1430: 851: 831: 388: 254: 174: 4460:. Translated by Jackson, Beverly. London: Uitgeverij Van Gorcum / 2165: 1715: 1685: 1683: 1418: 2122: 839: 614:

In 1914, the British government authorized South Africa to seize

2112: 2110: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1510: 1508: 518:, after having lived in the colony for five years and taking an 5257: 5021:. Law and Population Series. Vol. 2. Leiden, Netherlands: 4964:"The Concept of Citizenship: Challenging South Africa's Policy" 3249:"South Africa's Multi-Party Constitutional Negotiation Process" 2349: 1727: 1680: 1466: 1442: 1030: 1018: 978:

Though South Africa also created Homelands in Namibia in 1970–

847: 843: 823: 750: 547: 440:

in 1814. In 1824 traders from the Cape Colony first settled at

253:

Typically, in South Africa, a combination of jus sanguinis and

2412: 2373: 2201: 1960: 1620: 1394: 1351:

Democratic Alliance v The Minister of Home Affairs and another

5182:"Status of Settlers Implanted by Illegal Territorial Regimes" 3018: 2898: 2523: 2521: 2177: 2134: 2107: 1775: 1632: 1505: 855: 531: 268:, as long as their birth was registered with the authorities. 228:

status) applicable to all citizens of the British Empire and

3543:

Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa

2984: 2982: 2835: 2823: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2080: 2068: 776:

against South Africa for breaching their obligations toward

460:

in 1848 as Transorangia, in 1854 it became independent as a

5478:

South African Department of Home Affairs: citizenship forms

3799:

for the Royal Institute of International Affairs: 559–568.

2859: 2673: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2506: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 1948: 1836: 1834: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1581: 1579: 375:

established the first permanent European settlement in the

4482:

Migration and National Identity in South Africa, 1860-2010

2613: 2518: 2390: 2388: 1566: 1564: 1562: 990:— they were security districts which were occupied by the 5271:

Van der Meer, Frits M.; Raadschelders, Jos C. N. (2010).

5270: 3515:

Contemporary Jewish Writing in South Africa: An Anthology

3054: 3042: 2994: 2979: 2465: 2424: 2400: 1926: 1924: 1460: 886: 488:

was annexed by Britain and in 1897 became part of Natal.

5418:

Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law

4650:(3rd ed.). Cape Town, South Africa: African Minds. 2847: 2811: 2799: 2787: 2775: 2751: 2685: 2649: 2637: 2625: 2596: 2550: 2548: 2533: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2339: 2337: 2315: 2213: 1831: 1809: 1807: 1668: 1603: 1591: 1576: 1525: 1523: 1495: 1493: 598:

realm on or after the effective date. By using the word

3536:

Church, J.; Malan, F. (July 1980). Botha, N. J. (ed.).

3006: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2697: 2482: 2385: 2303: 2291: 2281: 2279: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2097: 2095: 2008: 1996: 1972: 1936: 1861: 1851: 1849: 1739: 1656: 1559: 1478: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1248: 1246: 5483:

Dept. of Home Affairs: How to Apply for SA citizenship

5416:

Wade, E.C.S. (1948). "British Nationality Act, 1948".

5385:"South African Citizenship Amendment Act No. 43, 1984" 2922: 2871: 2763: 2739: 2266: 2264: 2056: 1984: 1921: 1909: 1873: 1547: 1233: 1231: 1229: 1192: 1190: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1171: 1169: 1156: 1154: 1152: 1150: 1137: 1135: 240: 7670: 5297: 3247:

Barnes, Catherine; De Klerk, Eldred (December 2002).

3030: 2967: 2661: 2584: 2560: 2545: 2494: 2453: 2436: 2334: 2225: 1897: 1885: 1804: 1792: 1706: 1535: 1520: 1490: 1120: 1096: 5473:

NO. 88 OF 1995 – SOUTH AFRICAN CITIZENSHIP ACT, 1995

5218:. Turku, Finland: Turku Law School. pp. 30–60. 3850:

Flournoy, Richard W. Jr.; Hudson, Manley O. (1929).

3621:(5th ed.). Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: 3066: 2955: 2934: 2572: 2276: 2237: 2189: 2146: 2092: 2044: 2032: 2020: 1846: 1819: 1406: 1296: 1279: 1258: 1243: 1084: 950:

Christine Hobden noted in a report prepared for the

780:

under their trusteeship, but were found not to have

7579:

British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland

4544:

United States Congressional Serial Set, Volume 5175

3615:Davenport, T. R. H.; Saunders, Christopher (2000). 2261: 2249: 1382: 1226: 1214: 1202: 1187: 1166: 1147: 1132: 1072: 1036: 264:Persons born in the country who would otherwise be 4702:"Important Public Law Legislation Enacted in 1990" 3643:The Regulation of Nationality in International Law 1763: 1751: 1644: 1108: 1060: 498:, meaning that under Britain's rules of conquest, 371:South African nationality began in 1652, when the 366: 5323:"Puzzle over Compulsory Citizenship Is Clarified" 4171:Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation 3614: 3396:Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation 1733: 1721: 1689: 1472: 1448: 1436: 1424: 1400: 1048: 787: 703:, South Africa made an official request to annex 595:British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 209:The distinction between the meaning of the terms 7694: 5383: 3692:Denver Journal of International Law & Policy 2715: 965:Germany abandoned its territories. According to 7645:British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983 5334:. Johannesburg, South Africa. 16 October 1984. 5321: 4617:Separation in South Africa: People and Policies 4558: 2730: 1966: 1323:(Act 88, Section 6(1)(a)). 1995. Archived from 4453: 3849: 3443:"Report of U.N. Council for South West Africa" 3246: 3024: 2916: 2904: 2183: 2171: 2140: 2128: 2116: 1786: 1514: 169:. After these colonies were combined into the 143:details the conditions by which a person is a 7223: 5814: 5503: 5353: 4821: 3952:"Constitutional and Administrative Law, 1973" 2889: 2086: 2074: 383:. At that time, pastoral groups known as the 7708:South Africa and the Commonwealth of Nations 7237: 6961:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 5184:. In Crawford, James; Lowe, Vaughan (eds.). 4393:"Constitutional Citizenship in South Africa" 1371:(Act 108, Section 172). 1996. Archived from 1369:Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 804:United Nations Council for South West Africa 751:Independent Commonwealth country (1949–1961) 5426:Cambridge University Press & Assessment 5186:British Year Book of International Law 2008 5112:"New Light on Lord Castlereagh's Diplomacy" 4678:Citizenship in Africa: The Law of Belonging 4398:International Journal of Constitutional Law 4219:Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems 4109:"Notes on the Statute of Westminster, 1931" 3751:Washington and Lee University School of Law 3535: 3437: 2679: 2512: 496:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 192: 7230: 7216: 5821: 5807: 5510: 5496: 5355:"South Africa Ends Racial Classifications" 5039: 3538:"Current Legal Developments: South Africa" 2619: 37: 4929:Phillips, Merran Willis (November 2002). 4832:The British Yearbook of International Law 4454:Kloek, Joost; Mijnhardt, Wijnand (2004). 4414: 4294: 4255: 4055: 3949: 3095:Re-Viewing Resistance in Namibian History 3048: 3000: 2988: 2691: 2655: 444:, the area was annexed in 1843, and the 5449:South African Department of Home Affairs 5232: 5066: 5048:. Houndsmills, Baskingstoke, Hampshire: 4961: 4928: 4356: 4262:Annual Survey of South African Law, 1981 3988: 3883: 3389: 3350: 3123:Connecticut Journal of International Law 3115: 2853: 2841: 2829: 2817: 2805: 2793: 2781: 2757: 2703: 2643: 2607: 2539: 2476: 2430: 2418: 2406: 2394: 2379: 2367: 2355: 2328: 2219: 2002: 1978: 1954: 1942: 1867: 1840: 1674: 1662: 1638: 1626: 1614: 1597: 1585: 1570: 1553: 1499: 1484: 1412: 893:Convention for a Democratic South Africa 658: 494:did not extend beyond the bounds of the 484:was joined to the Cape Colony. In 1887, 480:in 1885, and its territory south of the 5772:Marine Living Resources Act, 18 of 1998 5014: 4969:Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 4962:Pitts II, Joe W. (Chip) (Summer 1986). 4869: 4699: 4390: 4212: 4064: 3305:Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 3168: 3132:University of Connecticut School of Law 2928: 2865: 2590: 2488: 2447: 2343: 2231: 2159: 2101: 2062: 2050: 1990: 1930: 1903: 1879: 561:and Britain officially transferred the 14: 7695: 5463: 5109: 4748: 4367:(Report). Johannesburg, South Africa: 4164: 4103: 4045: 3989:Hartkamp, Arthur S. (September 1975). 3734: 3685: 3660: 3639: 3589: 3513:. In Braude, Claudia Bathsheba (ed.). 3508: 2961: 2949: 2877: 2769: 2745: 2631: 2554: 2527: 2500: 2459: 2309: 2297: 2285: 2207: 2038: 2026: 2014: 1891: 1813: 1798: 1541: 1529: 1307: 1273: 1237: 1196: 1160: 1126: 1090: 1066: 887:Post-Apartheid republic (1991–present) 391:inhabited the region along with other 309: 7650:British Overseas Territories Act 2002 7574:British nationality law and Hong Kong 7211: 5802: 5491: 5236:Historical Dictionary of South Africa 5206: 5188:. Vol. 79. Oxford, Oxfordshire: 5179: 5067:Robinson, Alonford James Jr. (2010). 4671: 4637: 4610: 4503: 4478: 4304:South African Journal on Human Rights 3916:Electronic Journal of Comparative Law 3906: 3780: 3377:from the original on 12 November 2020 3297: 3088: 3072: 3060: 3036: 3012: 2973: 2667: 2578: 2566: 2270: 2255: 2243: 2195: 1915: 1855: 1825: 1650: 1461:Van der Meer & Raadschelders 2010 1388: 1290: 1252: 1220: 1208: 1181: 1141: 1114: 1102: 1078: 1042: 858:— by birth, cultural affiliation, or 7584:British Overseas Territories citizen 5828: 5459:SA Citizenship Amendment Act 17 2004 5415: 5093:10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001 4938:(Master's). Pretoria, South Africa: 4706:SA Publiekreg /SA Public Law Journal 4378:from the original on 28 January 2021 4369:Constitutional Court of South Africa 4067:"Report on Citizenship Law: Namibia" 3722:from the original on 12 October 2021 1054: 932:History of South African citizenship 763:, prohibited immigrant, nor who had 355:, which is pending as of July 2023. 272: 5403:from the original on 4 January 2022 5341:from the original on 4 January 2022 5260:South African Citizenship Act, 1995 4949:from the original on 4 January 2022 4565:Transactions of the Grotius Society 4559:Llewellyn-Jones, Frederick (1929). 4534: 3700:University of Denver College of Law 3353:"Report on Citizenship Law: France" 3351:Bertossi, Christophe (April 2010). 3314:Vanderbilt University School of Law 3116:Anderson, Bently J. (Spring 1994). 1769: 1757: 1745: 1356:67/2022 [2023] ZASCA 97 1321:South African Citizenship Act, 1995 1031:South African Citizenship Act, 1995 1019:South African Citizenship Act, 1995 628:1919 Peace Conference of Versailles 472:was annexed by Britain in 1868 and 326: 241:Acquiring South African nationality 32:South African Citizenship Act, 1995 24: 5239:(2nd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: 4749:Musoni, Francis (September 2018). 4667:from the original on 26 June 2021. 4561:"The Nationality of Married Women" 3956:Annual Survey of South African Law 3886:Fransman's British Nationality Law 3509:Braude, Claudia Bathsheba (2001). 3392:"Developments of Modern Dutch Law" 25: 7719: 5442: 5233:Saunders, Christopher C. (2000). 4827:"Nationality in C Class Mandates" 4091:from the original on 26 June 2021 3907:Glenn, Jane Matthews (May 2008). 3285:from the original on 16 July 2020 3169:Baldwin, M. Page (October 2001). 647:In 1926, South Africa passed the 197:South African citizens have been 7680: 7468:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7190: 7189: 5911:Democratic Republic of the Congo 5783: 5782: 5593: 5519: 5393:Official Gazette / Staatskoerant 5110:Robson, William H. (June 1931). 4978:Vanderbilt University Law School 4916:from the original on 15 May 2021 4736:from the original on 2 June 2021 4213:Jeffrey, Randal S. (Fall 1993). 4165:Ilbert, Courtenay (March 1899). 4065:Hubbard, Dianne (January 2021). 3453:(1). Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: 972: 707:. The request was denied by the 682:Parliament of the United Kingdom 7056:Birth aboard aircraft and ships 4879:Journal für Entwicklungspolitik 4266:University of the Witwatersrand 3960:University of the Witwatersrand 3081: 1361: 1343: 1313: 958: 944: 864:United Nations General Assembly 812:Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act 800:United Nations General Assembly 757:British Commonwealth of Nations 743:was instituted through various 367:Dutch colonial rule (1652–1814) 7604:Permanent resident (Australia) 6893:Federated States of Micronesia 6257:St. Vincent and the Grenadines 5216:Law Under Exogenous Influences 4891:10.20446/JEP-2414-3197-29-4-67 4320:10.1080/02587203.1998.11834985 3618:South Africa: A Modern History 3093:. In Silvester, Jeremy (ed.). 1024: 922:Black Homeland Citizenship Act 788:Apartheid republic (1961–1991) 774:International Court of Justice 737:International Court of Justice 684:to legislate on behalf of its 589:and established the basis for 314:South Africans are allowed to 204: 201:by default since 1 June 1994. 13: 1: 7703:South African nationality law 7655:Canadian Citizenship Act 1946 5454:SA Citizenship Act no 88 1995 5117:The Journal of Modern History 4712:(1). Mayville, South Africa: 4506:Citizenship in a Global World 4082:European University Institute 4048:European University Institute 4006:(5). Baton Rouge, Louisiana: 3742:Washington and Lee Law Review 3447:International Legal Materials 3368:European University Institute 1734:Davenport & Saunders 2000 1722:Davenport & Saunders 2000 1690:Davenport & Saunders 2000 1473:Davenport & Saunders 2000 1449:Davenport & Saunders 2000 1437:Davenport & Saunders 2000 1425:Davenport & Saunders 2000 1401:Davenport & Saunders 2000 1001: 952:European University Institute 618:in exchange for territory in 280:can be granted to persons of 141:South African nationality law 99:22nd South African Parliament 7640:British Nationality Act 1981 7174:British Overseas Territories 5275:. In Arnold, Peri E. (ed.). 5040:Rautenbach, Christa (2015). 4700:Mntambo, V. (January 1991). 4615:. In Smith, David M. (ed.). 3735:Dugard, John (Spring 1987). 3519:University of Nebraska Press 3130:(2). Hartford, Connecticut: 1006: 795:British Nationality Act 1948 349:Constitution of South Africa 234:Constitution of South Africa 7: 7614:UK Ancestry Entry Clearance 7609:Permanent resident (Canada) 7044:Renunciation of citizenship 5126:University of Chicago Press 5018:International Migration Law 4976:(3). Nashville, Tennessee: 4504:Kondo, Atushi, ed. (2001). 4310:(3). Kenwyn, South Africa: 4264:. Cape Town, South Africa: 3958:. Cape Town, South Africa: 3781:Evans, Graham (July 1990). 3598:University Press of America 3312:(1). Nashville, Tennessee: 3185:University of Chicago Press 3099:University of Namibia Press 2370:, pp. 1260–1261, 1265. 992:South African Defence Force 915: 248: 10: 7724: 7594:Indefinite leave to remain 5214:. In Suksi, Markku (ed.). 4940:University of South Africa 4487:Cambridge University Press 4405:(1). Oxford, Oxfordshire: 4391:Klaaren, Jonathan (2010). 4008:Louisiana State University 3749:(2). Lexington, Virginia: 3686:Dugard, John (Fall 1980). 3661:Dreyer, Ronald F. (1994). 3552:University of South Africa 3455:Cambridge University Press 3176:Journal of British Studies 3025:Barnes & De Klerk 2002 2917:Barnes & De Klerk 2002 2905:Barnes & De Klerk 2002 2184:Flournoy & Hudson 1929 2172:Flournoy & Hudson 1929 2141:Flournoy & Hudson 1929 2129:Flournoy & Hudson 1929 2117:Flournoy & Hudson 1929 1787:Flournoy & Hudson 1929 1515:Kloek & Mijnhardt 2004 680:limited the powers of the 361: 125:Department of Home Affairs 47:Parliament of South Africa 7632: 7562:Rights, issues, and visas 7561: 7263: 7245: 7169: 7143: 7085: 7026: 6979: 6880: 6770: 6597: 6590: 6359: 6284: 6141: 6134: 5843: 5836: 5780: 5764: 5726:Chapter nine institutions 5708: 5602: 5591: 5532: 5367:. 18 June 1991. p. 1 5015:Plender, Richard (1972). 4644:Citizenship Law in Africa 4256:Karstaedt, A. O. (1982). 4225:(1). New York, New York: 3950:Goldblatt, R. E. (1974). 3884:Fransman, Laurie (2011). 3590:Cooper, Allan D. (1991). 3463:10.1017/S0020782900051068 688:— Australia, Canada, the 639:1923, the Council of the 448:was established in 1844. 331:South Africa has allowed 130: 120: 112: 104: 94: 84: 74: 52: 45: 36: 31: 18:South African citizenship 7239:Commonwealth citizenship 5891:Central African Republic 5124:(2). Chicago, Illinois: 5023:Albertus Willem Sijthoff 3669:Kegan Paul International 3390:Bisschop, W. R. (1901). 3183:(4). Chicago, Illinois: 2210:, pp. 264–266, 270. 937: 872:Minister of the Interior 676:In 1931, passage of the 616:German South West Africa 602:, the statute nullified 492:British Nationality Acts 373:Dutch East India Company 337:Minister of Home Affairs 303:Minister of Home Affairs 193:Commonwealth citizenship 7247:Commonwealth of Nations 6989:Commonwealth of Nations 5190:Oxford University Press 5085:Oxford University Press 5083:. Oxford, Oxfordshire: 5010:(subscription required) 4870:Peberdy, Sally (2013). 4865:(subscription required) 4841:Oxford University Press 4817:(subscription required) 4449:(subscription required) 4407:Oxford University Press 4352:(subscription required) 4290:(subscription required) 4251:(subscription required) 3984:(subscription required) 3879:(subscription required) 3862:Oxford University Press 3845:(subscription required) 3797:Oxford University Press 3698:(1). Denver, Colorado: 3346:(subscription required) 3164:(subscription required) 2680:Church & Malan 1980 450:Queen Adelaide Province 345:Supreme Court of Appeal 230:Commonwealth of Nations 6803:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5081:Encyclopedia of Africa 5073:Gates Jr., Henry Louis 5005: – via 4860: – via 4812: – via 4756:African Studies Review 4485:. New York, New York: 4444: – via 4347: – via 4285: – via 4246: – via 3979: – via 3874: – via 3860:. New York, New York: 3840: – via 3341: – via 3260:Conciliation Resources 3159: – via 3089:Akawa, Martha (2015). 2358:, pp. 1255, 1260. 678:Statute of Westminster 664: 512:Charles Henry Somerset 7599:Irish nationality law 7458:Saint Kitts and Nevis 7273:Antigua & Barbuda 7186:Partially recognized. 6051:São Tomé and Príncipe 5303:Colonization Circular 5265:(88). 6 October 1995. 5077:Appiah, Kwame Anthony 4683:Bloomsbury Publishing 4518:10.1057/9780333993880 4479:Klotz, Audie (2013). 3890:Bloomsbury Publishing 3788:International Affairs 3640:Donner, Ruth (1994). 3517:. Lincoln, Nebraska: 3097:. Windhoek, Namibia: 2919:, pp. 28–29, 31. 2421:, pp. 1263–1264. 2382:, pp. 1260–1261. 1708:Colonization Circular 1641:, pp. xviii–xix. 1629:, p. xvii=xviii. 769:Commonwealth citizens 662: 559:Union of South Africa 407:From the time of the 232:. The post-apartheid 199:Commonwealth citizens 187:Commonwealth citizens 171:Union of South Africa 7589:Commonwealth citizen 7255:Commonwealth citizen 7125:Second-class citizen 7098:Multiple citizenship 6567:United Arab Emirates 6201:(Kingdom of Denmark) 5585:Legal interpretation 5283:. pp. 123–141. 5192:. pp. 194–263. 5180:Ronen, Yaël (2009). 5052:. pp. 121–151. 4621:University of London 4611:Mabin, Alan (1976). 4360:(13 February 2020). 3999:Louisiana Law Review 3864:. pp. 116–129. 3596:. Lanham, Maryland: 3298:Berat, Lynn (1989). 3101:. pp. 240–251. 2174:, pp. 127, 128. 1967:Llewellyn-Jones 1929 1748:, pp. 408, 410. 910:Constitutional Court 895:aimed at drafting a 438:Convention of London 353:Constitutional Court 121:Administered by 7523:Trinidad and Tobago 7115:Permanent residency 7034:Loss of citizenship 7009:Caribbean Community 6262:Trinidad and Tobago 6247:St. Kitts and Nevis 6149:Antigua and Barbuda 5741:Internet censorship 5731:Freedom of religion 5526:Law of South Africa 5331:The Rand Daily Mail 4769:10.1017/asr.2018.73 4613:"Population Policy" 4540:"Cape of Good Hope" 4416:10.1093/icon/mop033 4371:. Case CCT 155/19. 4227:Columbia Law School 3063:, pp. 83, 380. 2868:, pp. 110–111. 2844:, pp. 315–316. 2832:, pp. 319–322. 2530:, pp. 188–190. 2131:, pp. 122–123. 1957:, pp. 150–151. 765:diplomatic immunity 587:22nd parallel south 575:Imperial Conference 310:Loss of nationality 155:on 6 October 1995. 7633:Acts of Parliament 6189:Dominican Republic 5575:Criminal procedure 5560:Administrative law 5555:Constitutional law 5363:. El Paso, Texas. 5050:Palgrave Macmillan 4623:. pp. 25–38. 4510:Palgrave Macmillan 4462:Palgrave Macmillan 4296:Keightley, Raylene 4114:Harvard Law Review 4033:on 5 February 2021 3937:on 26 October 2020 3623:Palgrave Macmillan 3439:Braithwaite, E. R. 1439:, pp. 25, 27. 665: 591:racial segregation 583:indentured workers 524:British Parliament 520:oath of allegiance 421:Kingdom of Holland 173:and elevated as a 85:Territorial extent 7668: 7667: 7619:UK right of abode 7205: 7204: 7179:Open border with 7022: 7021: 6876: 6875: 6355: 6354: 6275:US Virgin Islands 6202: 5926:Equatorial Guinea 5796: 5795: 5756:Same-sex marriage 5290:978-1-60750-598-3 5250:978-0-585-24204-0 5225:978-951-29-0284-2 5199:978-0-19-958039-2 5102:978-0-19-533770-9 5059:978-1-137-40328-5 4692:978-1-5099-2078-5 4657:978-1-928331-08-7 4527:978-0-333-80266-3 4496:978-1-107-02693-3 4471:978-90-232-3964-2 4167:"V. South Africa" 4107:(December 1932). 4105:Hudson, Manley O. 3899:978-1-845920-95-1 3678:978-0-71030-471-1 3653:978-0-941320-77-1 3632:978-0-230-28754-9 3528:978-0-8032-1270-1 3521:. pp. ix-1. 3015:, pp. 82–83. 2312:, pp. 20–21. 2300:, pp. 10–11. 2017:, pp. 31–32. 1918:, pp. 27–28. 1427:, pp. 25–26. 1375:on 25 July 2023. 1105:, pp. 45–56. 778:South West Africa 705:South West Africa 670:South West Africa 641:League of Nations 632:South West Africa 606:requirements for 536:South West Africa 454:Orange Free State 413:Batavian Republic 377:Cape of Good Hope 273:By naturalisation 138: 137: 108:28 September 1995 16:(Redirected from 7715: 7685: 7684: 7683: 7676: 7660:Ireland Act 1949 7624:Windrush scandal 7448:Papua New Guinea 7265:Nationality laws 7232: 7225: 7218: 7209: 7208: 7193: 7192: 7039:Denaturalization 6928:Papua New Guinea 6913:Marshall Islands 6595: 6594: 6200: 6139: 6138: 5841: 5840: 5830:Nationality laws 5823: 5816: 5809: 5800: 5799: 5786: 5785: 5597: 5524: 5523: 5512: 5505: 5498: 5489: 5488: 5466: 5437: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5402: 5389: 5380: 5374: 5372: 5365:Associated Press 5350: 5348: 5346: 5340: 5327: 5318: 5294: 5267: 5266: 5264: 5254: 5229: 5203: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5106: 5063: 5036: 5011: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4948: 4937: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4915: 4876: 4866: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4823:O'Connell, D. P. 4818: 4811: 4809: 4807: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4696: 4668: 4666: 4649: 4634: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4555: 4531: 4500: 4475: 4450: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4418: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4377: 4366: 4353: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4312:Juta and Company 4291: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4258:"Law of Persons" 4252: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4090: 4071: 4061: 4059: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4032: 4026:. Archived from 3995: 3985: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3936: 3930:. Archived from 3913: 3903: 3888:(3rd ed.). 3880: 3873: 3846: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3682: 3657: 3636: 3611: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3532: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3441:(January 1968). 3434: 3432: 3430: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3376: 3357: 3347: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3284: 3253: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3165: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3112: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3040: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2986: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2947: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2737: 2728: 2722: 2717:Official Gazette 2713: 2707: 2701: 2695: 2689: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2647: 2641: 2635: 2634:, p. 15-16. 2629: 2623: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2564: 2558: 2552: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2516: 2513:Braithwaite 1968 2510: 2504: 2498: 2492: 2486: 2480: 2474: 2463: 2457: 2451: 2445: 2434: 2428: 2422: 2416: 2410: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2383: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2332: 2326: 2313: 2307: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2274: 2268: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2199: 2193: 2187: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2163: 2157: 2144: 2138: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2114: 2105: 2099: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2072: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2048: 2042: 2036: 2030: 2024: 2018: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1952: 1946: 1940: 1934: 1928: 1919: 1913: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1883: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1844: 1838: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1811: 1802: 1796: 1790: 1784: 1773: 1767: 1761: 1755: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1731: 1725: 1724:, p. 49-51. 1719: 1713: 1704: 1693: 1687: 1678: 1672: 1666: 1660: 1654: 1648: 1642: 1636: 1630: 1624: 1618: 1612: 1601: 1595: 1589: 1583: 1574: 1568: 1557: 1551: 1545: 1539: 1533: 1527: 1518: 1512: 1503: 1497: 1488: 1482: 1476: 1470: 1464: 1458: 1452: 1446: 1440: 1434: 1428: 1422: 1416: 1410: 1404: 1398: 1392: 1386: 1380: 1379: 1365: 1359: 1353: 1347: 1341: 1340: 1334: 1332: 1317: 1311: 1305: 1294: 1288: 1277: 1271: 1256: 1250: 1241: 1235: 1224: 1218: 1212: 1206: 1200: 1194: 1185: 1179: 1164: 1158: 1145: 1139: 1130: 1124: 1118: 1112: 1106: 1100: 1094: 1088: 1082: 1076: 1070: 1064: 1058: 1052: 1046: 1040: 1034: 1028: 1022: 1016: 995: 976: 970: 962: 956: 948: 897:new constitution 690:Irish Free State 571:Transvaal Colony 555:South Africa Act 466:Transvaal Colony 333:dual nationality 327:Dual nationality 167:British subjects 105:Assented to 41: 29: 28: 21: 7723: 7722: 7718: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7713: 7712: 7693: 7692: 7691: 7681: 7679: 7671: 7669: 7664: 7628: 7569:Belonger status 7557: 7493:Solomon Islands 7259: 7241: 7236: 7206: 7201: 7165: 7139: 7120:Right of return 7081: 7018: 6981: 6975: 6938:Solomon Islands 6872: 6838:Northern Cyprus 6833:North Macedonia 6766: 6601: 6586: 6351: 6280: 6130: 5832: 5827: 5797: 5792: 5776: 5760: 5704: 5598: 5589: 5565:Civil procedure 5528: 5518: 5516: 5445: 5440: 5406: 5404: 5400: 5387: 5370: 5368: 5344: 5342: 5338: 5325: 5291: 5262: 5258: 5251: 5241:Scarecrow Press 5226: 5200: 5170: 5168: 5103: 5060: 5033: 5009: 4998: 4996: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4935: 4919: 4917: 4913: 4874: 4864: 4853: 4851: 4816: 4805: 4803: 4739: 4737: 4693: 4664: 4658: 4647: 4631: 4601: 4599: 4573:Grotius Society 4528: 4497: 4472: 4448: 4437: 4435: 4381: 4379: 4375: 4364: 4351: 4340: 4338: 4289: 4278: 4276: 4250: 4239: 4237: 4203: 4201: 4155: 4153: 4127:10.2307/1332217 4094: 4092: 4088: 4078:Badia Fiesolana 4069: 4036: 4034: 4030: 3993: 3983: 3972: 3970: 3940: 3938: 3934: 3911: 3900: 3878: 3844: 3833: 3831: 3805:10.2307/2623074 3771: 3769: 3725: 3723: 3679: 3654: 3633: 3608: 3580: 3578: 3529: 3499: 3497: 3428: 3426: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3364:Badia Fiesolana 3355: 3345: 3334: 3332: 3288: 3286: 3282: 3251: 3237: 3235: 3163: 3152: 3150: 3109: 3084: 3079: 3071: 3067: 3059: 3055: 3047: 3043: 3035: 3031: 3023: 3019: 3011: 3007: 2999: 2995: 2987: 2980: 2972: 2968: 2960: 2956: 2948: 2935: 2927: 2923: 2915: 2911: 2903: 2899: 2888: 2884: 2876: 2872: 2864: 2860: 2852: 2848: 2840: 2836: 2828: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2804: 2800: 2792: 2788: 2780: 2776: 2768: 2764: 2756: 2752: 2744: 2740: 2732:Rand Daily Mail 2729: 2725: 2714: 2710: 2702: 2698: 2690: 2686: 2678: 2674: 2666: 2662: 2654: 2650: 2642: 2638: 2630: 2626: 2620:Rautenbach 2015 2618: 2614: 2606: 2597: 2589: 2585: 2577: 2573: 2565: 2561: 2553: 2546: 2538: 2534: 2526: 2519: 2511: 2507: 2499: 2495: 2487: 2483: 2479:, p. 1256. 2475: 2466: 2458: 2454: 2446: 2437: 2433:, p. 1264. 2429: 2425: 2417: 2413: 2409:, p. 1262. 2405: 2401: 2393: 2386: 2378: 2374: 2366: 2362: 2354: 2350: 2342: 2335: 2331:, p. 1127. 2327: 2316: 2308: 2304: 2296: 2292: 2284: 2277: 2269: 2262: 2254: 2250: 2242: 2238: 2230: 2226: 2222:, p. 1259. 2218: 2214: 2206: 2202: 2194: 2190: 2182: 2178: 2170: 2166: 2158: 2147: 2139: 2135: 2127: 2123: 2115: 2108: 2100: 2093: 2085: 2081: 2073: 2069: 2065:, pp. 3–4. 2061: 2057: 2049: 2045: 2037: 2033: 2025: 2021: 2013: 2009: 2001: 1997: 1989: 1985: 1977: 1973: 1965: 1961: 1953: 1949: 1941: 1937: 1929: 1922: 1914: 1910: 1902: 1898: 1890: 1886: 1878: 1874: 1866: 1862: 1854: 1847: 1843:, p. 1128. 1839: 1832: 1824: 1820: 1812: 1805: 1797: 1793: 1785: 1776: 1768: 1764: 1756: 1752: 1744: 1740: 1732: 1728: 1720: 1716: 1705: 1696: 1688: 1681: 1677:, p. 1059. 1673: 1669: 1661: 1657: 1649: 1645: 1637: 1633: 1625: 1621: 1617:, p. 1255. 1613: 1604: 1600:, p. xvii. 1596: 1592: 1588:, p. 1254. 1584: 1577: 1569: 1560: 1552: 1548: 1540: 1536: 1528: 1521: 1513: 1506: 1498: 1491: 1483: 1479: 1471: 1467: 1459: 1455: 1447: 1443: 1435: 1431: 1423: 1419: 1411: 1407: 1399: 1395: 1387: 1383: 1367: 1366: 1362: 1349: 1348: 1344: 1330: 1328: 1327:on 25 July 2023 1319: 1318: 1314: 1306: 1297: 1289: 1280: 1272: 1259: 1251: 1244: 1236: 1227: 1219: 1215: 1207: 1203: 1195: 1188: 1180: 1167: 1159: 1148: 1140: 1133: 1129:, pp. 6–7. 1125: 1121: 1113: 1109: 1101: 1097: 1093:, pp. 6–8. 1089: 1085: 1081:, pp. 4–6. 1077: 1073: 1065: 1061: 1053: 1049: 1045:, pp. 2–3. 1041: 1037: 1029: 1025: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1004: 999: 998: 977: 973: 967:D. P. O'Connell 963: 959: 949: 945: 940: 918: 889: 790: 753: 733:Trust Territory 563:Penguin Islands 522:. In 1834, the 504:Napoleonic Code 474:Griqualand West 434: 425:Napoleonic Code 369: 364: 341:age of majority 329: 312: 275: 251: 243: 226:British subject 207: 195: 160:age of majority 153:came into force 95:Enacted by 70: 67: 62: 61: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7721: 7711: 7710: 7705: 7690: 7689: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7636: 7634: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7565: 7563: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7538:United Kingdom 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7269: 7267: 7261: 7260: 7258: 7257: 7251: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7235: 7234: 7227: 7220: 7212: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7199: 7187: 7184: 7177: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7147: 7145: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7111: 7110: 7100: 7095: 7089: 7087: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7079: 7074: 7073: 7072: 7065: 7058: 7051:Naturalization 7048: 7047: 7046: 7041: 7030: 7028: 7024: 7023: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7004:Nordic Council 7001: 6996: 6994:European Union 6991: 6985: 6983: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6973: 6968: 6957:American Samoa 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6884: 6882: 6878: 6877: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6870: 6868:United Kingdom 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6774: 6772: 6771:Rest of Europe 6768: 6767: 6765: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6637:Czech Republic 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6608: 6606: 6599:European Union 6592: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6363: 6361: 6357: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6288: 6286: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6278: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6145: 6143: 6136: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6116:Western Sahara 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5906:Congo Republic 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5847: 5845: 5838: 5834: 5833: 5826: 5825: 5818: 5811: 5803: 5794: 5793: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5774: 5768: 5766: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5712: 5710: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5606: 5604: 5600: 5599: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5545:Bill of Rights 5542: 5536: 5534: 5530: 5529: 5515: 5514: 5507: 5500: 5492: 5486: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5444: 5443:External links 5441: 5439: 5438: 5413: 5381: 5377:Newspapers.com 5351: 5319: 5295: 5289: 5268: 5255: 5249: 5230: 5224: 5204: 5198: 5177: 5134:10.1086/235722 5107: 5101: 5069:"South Africa" 5064: 5058: 5037: 5031: 5012: 4959: 4926: 4867: 4819: 4746: 4697: 4691: 4673:Manby, Bronwen 4669: 4656: 4639:Manby, Bronwen 4635: 4629: 4608: 4556: 4532: 4526: 4501: 4495: 4476: 4470: 4451: 4388: 4358:Khampepe, Sisi 4354: 4292: 4253: 4210: 4162: 4101: 4062: 4043: 3986: 3947: 3904: 3898: 3881: 3847: 3778: 3732: 3683: 3677: 3658: 3652: 3637: 3631: 3612: 3606: 3587: 3533: 3527: 3511:"Introduction" 3506: 3435: 3387: 3348: 3295: 3258:(13). London: 3244: 3193:10.1086/386266 3166: 3113: 3107: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3077: 3065: 3053: 3051:, p. 425. 3049:Keightley 1998 3041: 3039:, p. 203. 3029: 3017: 3005: 3003:, p. 423. 3001:Keightley 1998 2993: 2991:, p. 414. 2989:Keightley 1998 2978: 2976:, p. 380. 2966: 2954: 2933: 2921: 2909: 2897: 2882: 2880:, p. 193. 2870: 2858: 2856:, p. 316. 2846: 2834: 2822: 2820:, p. 321. 2810: 2808:, p. 320. 2798: 2796:, p. 319. 2786: 2784:, p. 318. 2774: 2772:, p. 486. 2762: 2760:, p. 296. 2750: 2748:, p. 162. 2738: 2723: 2708: 2696: 2692:Karstaedt 1982 2684: 2682:, p. 227. 2672: 2670:, p. 155. 2660: 2656:Goldblatt 1974 2648: 2646:, p. 308. 2636: 2624: 2622:, p. 147. 2612: 2610:, p. 551. 2595: 2583: 2571: 2569:, p. 234. 2559: 2544: 2542:, p. 538. 2532: 2517: 2515:, p. 105. 2505: 2493: 2491:, p. 128. 2481: 2464: 2452: 2435: 2423: 2411: 2399: 2384: 2372: 2360: 2348: 2333: 2314: 2302: 2290: 2275: 2260: 2248: 2246:, p. 180. 2236: 2224: 2212: 2200: 2198:, p. 178. 2188: 2186:, p. 128. 2176: 2164: 2145: 2143:, p. 122. 2133: 2121: 2119:, p. 117. 2106: 2091: 2089:, p. 461. 2087:O'Connell 1954 2079: 2077:, p. 460. 2075:O'Connell 1954 2067: 2055: 2043: 2031: 2019: 2007: 2005:, p. 155. 1995: 1993:, p. 528. 1983: 1981:, p. 151. 1971: 1969:, p. 123. 1959: 1947: 1945:, p. 148. 1935: 1933:, p. 527. 1920: 1908: 1896: 1894:, p. 156. 1884: 1882:, p. 526. 1872: 1870:, p. 145. 1860: 1858:, p. 123. 1845: 1830: 1828:, p. 563. 1818: 1816:, p. xxi. 1803: 1801:, p. 126. 1791: 1789:, p. 116. 1774: 1772:, p. 408. 1762: 1760:, p. 409. 1750: 1738: 1726: 1714: 1694: 1679: 1667: 1665:, p. 130. 1655: 1643: 1631: 1619: 1602: 1590: 1575: 1573:, p. xvi. 1558: 1546: 1544:, p. 198. 1534: 1532:, p. 207. 1519: 1517:, p. 222. 1504: 1489: 1487:, p. 110. 1477: 1465: 1463:, p. 132. 1453: 1441: 1429: 1417: 1405: 1393: 1381: 1360: 1342: 1312: 1295: 1293:, p. 111. 1278: 1257: 1255:, p. 115. 1242: 1225: 1213: 1201: 1186: 1165: 1146: 1131: 1119: 1107: 1095: 1083: 1071: 1059: 1047: 1035: 1033:, s 1(1)(iii). 1023: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 997: 996: 971: 957: 942: 941: 939: 936: 935: 934: 929: 924: 917: 914: 888: 885: 820:Bophuthatswana 789: 786: 752: 749: 729:Ovambo peoples 709:United Nations 699:At the end of 636:mandate system 433: 430: 409:Dutch Republic 393:Bantu-speaking 368: 365: 363: 360: 328: 325: 311: 308: 307: 306: 299: 296: 293: 290: 278:Naturalisation 274: 271: 270: 269: 262: 250: 247: 242: 239: 206: 203: 194: 191: 183:United Kingdom 179:British Empire 136: 135: 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 116:6 October 1995 114: 110: 109: 106: 102: 101: 96: 92: 91: 86: 82: 81: 79:No. 88 of 1995 76: 72: 71: 69: 68: 65: 55: 54: 53: 50: 49: 43: 42: 34: 33: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7720: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7700: 7698: 7688: 7678: 7677: 7674: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7560: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7266: 7262: 7256: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7233: 7228: 7226: 7221: 7219: 7214: 7213: 7210: 7198: 7197: 7188: 7185: 7182: 7181:Schengen Area 7178: 7175: 7172: 7171: 7168: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7146: 7142: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7130:Statelessness 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7084: 7078: 7075: 7071: 7070: 7066: 7064: 7063: 7062:Ius sanguinis 7059: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7052: 7049: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7036: 7035: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7025: 7015: 7014:African Union 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6986: 6984: 6982:organizations 6980:International 6978: 6972: 6969: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6953:United States 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6879: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6769: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6697:Liechtenstein 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6604:Schengen Area 6600: 6596: 6593: 6589: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6358: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6283: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6267:United States 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6140: 6137: 6133: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5966:Guinea-Bissau 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5842: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5824: 5819: 5817: 5812: 5810: 5805: 5804: 5801: 5791: 5790: 5779: 5773: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5765:Specific laws 5763: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5707: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5635:Environmental 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5601: 5596: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5580:Customary law 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5522: 5513: 5508: 5506: 5501: 5499: 5494: 5493: 5490: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5414: 5399: 5395: 5394: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5366: 5362: 5361: 5360:El Paso Times 5356: 5352: 5337: 5333: 5332: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5286: 5282: 5279:. Amsterdam: 5278: 5274: 5269: 5261: 5256: 5252: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5237: 5231: 5227: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5178: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5104: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5038: 5034: 5032:90-286-0162-7 5028: 5024: 5020: 5019: 5013: 5008: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4945: 4941: 4934: 4933: 4927: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4833: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4815: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4679: 4674: 4670: 4663: 4659: 4653: 4646: 4645: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4630:0-904791-05-X 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4609: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4502: 4498: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4483: 4477: 4473: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4458: 4452: 4447: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4374: 4370: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4350: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4288: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4211: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4163: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4074:cadmus.eui.eu 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4010:: 1059–1090. 4009: 4005: 4001: 4000: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3948: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3910: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3795:(3). London: 3794: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3684: 3680: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3665: 3659: 3655: 3649: 3645: 3644: 3638: 3634: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3619: 3613: 3609: 3607:0-8191-7954-X 3603: 3599: 3595: 3594: 3588: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3530: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3507: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3388: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3360:cadmus.eui.eu 3354: 3349: 3344: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3250: 3245: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3110: 3108:9789991642277 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3087: 3086: 3075:, p. 83. 3074: 3069: 3062: 3057: 3050: 3045: 3038: 3033: 3027:, p. 31. 3026: 3021: 3014: 3009: 3002: 2997: 2990: 2985: 2983: 2975: 2970: 2963: 2958: 2951: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2931:, p. 95. 2930: 2925: 2918: 2913: 2907:, p. 27. 2906: 2901: 2894: 2892: 2891:El Paso Times 2886: 2879: 2874: 2867: 2862: 2855: 2854:Anderson 1994 2850: 2843: 2842:Anderson 1994 2838: 2831: 2830:Anderson 1994 2826: 2819: 2818:Anderson 1994 2814: 2807: 2806:Anderson 1994 2802: 2795: 2794:Anderson 1994 2790: 2783: 2782:Anderson 1994 2778: 2771: 2766: 2759: 2758:Anderson 1994 2754: 2747: 2742: 2735: 2733: 2727: 2720: 2718: 2712: 2706:, p. 14. 2705: 2704:Phillips 2002 2700: 2694:, p. 51. 2693: 2688: 2681: 2676: 2669: 2664: 2658:, p. 30. 2657: 2652: 2645: 2644:Anderson 1994 2640: 2633: 2628: 2621: 2616: 2609: 2608:Pitts II 1986 2604: 2602: 2600: 2592: 2587: 2581:, p. 48. 2580: 2575: 2568: 2563: 2557:, p. 11. 2556: 2551: 2549: 2541: 2540:Pitts II 1986 2536: 2529: 2524: 2522: 2514: 2509: 2503:, p. 55. 2502: 2497: 2490: 2485: 2478: 2477:Fransman 2011 2473: 2471: 2469: 2462:, p. 43. 2461: 2456: 2449: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2432: 2431:Fransman 2011 2427: 2420: 2419:Fransman 2011 2415: 2408: 2407:Fransman 2011 2403: 2397:, p. 18. 2396: 2395:Khampepe 2020 2391: 2389: 2381: 2380:Fransman 2011 2376: 2369: 2368:Fransman 2011 2364: 2357: 2356:Fransman 2011 2352: 2345: 2340: 2338: 2330: 2329:Fransman 2011 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2311: 2306: 2299: 2294: 2288:, p. 10. 2287: 2282: 2280: 2273:, p. 29. 2272: 2267: 2265: 2258:, p. 28. 2257: 2252: 2245: 2240: 2234:, p. 88. 2233: 2228: 2221: 2220:Fransman 2011 2216: 2209: 2204: 2197: 2192: 2185: 2180: 2173: 2168: 2161: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2142: 2137: 2130: 2125: 2118: 2113: 2111: 2103: 2098: 2096: 2088: 2083: 2076: 2071: 2064: 2059: 2052: 2047: 2041:, p. 35. 2040: 2035: 2029:, p. 33. 2028: 2023: 2016: 2011: 2004: 2003:Fransman 2011 1999: 1992: 1987: 1980: 1979:Fransman 2011 1975: 1968: 1963: 1956: 1955:Fransman 2011 1951: 1944: 1943:Fransman 2011 1939: 1932: 1927: 1925: 1917: 1912: 1906:, p. 68. 1905: 1900: 1893: 1888: 1881: 1876: 1869: 1868:Fransman 2011 1864: 1857: 1852: 1850: 1842: 1841:Fransman 2011 1837: 1835: 1827: 1822: 1815: 1810: 1808: 1800: 1795: 1788: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1771: 1766: 1759: 1754: 1747: 1742: 1736:, p. 51. 1735: 1730: 1723: 1718: 1712:, p. 49. 1711: 1709: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1692:, p. 48. 1691: 1686: 1684: 1676: 1675:Hartkamp 1975 1671: 1664: 1663:Fransman 2011 1659: 1652: 1647: 1640: 1639:Saunders 2000 1635: 1628: 1627:Saunders 2000 1623: 1616: 1615:Fransman 2011 1611: 1609: 1607: 1599: 1598:Saunders 2000 1594: 1587: 1586:Fransman 2011 1582: 1580: 1572: 1571:Saunders 2000 1567: 1565: 1563: 1556:, p. xv. 1555: 1554:Saunders 2000 1550: 1543: 1538: 1531: 1526: 1524: 1516: 1511: 1509: 1501: 1500:Bertossi 2010 1496: 1494: 1486: 1485:Bisschop 1901 1481: 1475:, p. 27. 1474: 1469: 1462: 1457: 1451:, p. 26. 1450: 1445: 1438: 1433: 1426: 1421: 1414: 1413:Robinson 2010 1409: 1402: 1397: 1391:, p. 74. 1390: 1385: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1364: 1357: 1352: 1346: 1339: 1326: 1322: 1316: 1310:, p. 11. 1309: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1292: 1287: 1285: 1283: 1276:, p. 10. 1275: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1230: 1223:, p. 68. 1222: 1217: 1211:, p. 57. 1210: 1205: 1198: 1193: 1191: 1184:, p. 94. 1183: 1178: 1176: 1174: 1172: 1170: 1162: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1144:, p. 51. 1143: 1138: 1136: 1128: 1123: 1117:, p. 55. 1116: 1111: 1104: 1099: 1092: 1087: 1080: 1075: 1068: 1063: 1057:, p. 68. 1056: 1051: 1044: 1039: 1032: 1027: 1020: 1015: 1011: 993: 989: 985: 981: 975: 968: 961: 953: 947: 943: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 919: 913: 911: 906: 903: 898: 894: 884: 880: 876: 873: 868: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 810:In 1970, the 808: 805: 801: 796: 785: 783: 779: 775: 770: 766: 762: 758: 748: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 697: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 674: 671: 661: 657: 654: 650: 645: 642: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 620:Luderitzbucht 617: 612: 609: 605: 601: 596: 592: 588: 584: 579: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 553:In 1909, the 551: 549: 545: 539: 537: 533: 529: 528:Free Burghers 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 500:laws in place 497: 493: 489: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 429: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 405: 403: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 359: 356: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 324: 321: 320:denaturalised 317: 304: 300: 297: 294: 291: 288: 287: 286: 283: 279: 267: 263: 260: 259: 258: 256: 246: 238: 235: 231: 227: 222: 220: 216: 212: 202: 200: 190: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 163: 161: 156: 154: 150: 146: 142: 133: 129: 126: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 100: 97: 93: 90: 87: 83: 80: 77: 73: 64: 63: 60: 59: 51: 48: 44: 40: 35: 30: 27: 19: 7687:South Africa 7498:South Africa 7497: 7483:Sierra Leone 7195: 7161:Soviet Union 7156:Ancient Rome 7151:Nazi Germany 7077:Repatriation 7067: 7060: 7027:By procedure 6562:Turkmenistan 6517:Saudi Arabia 6081:South Africa 6080: 6066:Sierra Leone 5871:Burkina Faso 5837:By continent 5787: 5751:Prostitution 5736:Human rights 5674: 5603:Areas of law 5570:Criminal law 5540:Constitution 5464: 5421: 5417: 5405:. 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