857:
557:, a region within the two AONBs possessing a geology, ecology and landscape quite different from the chalk hills of the South Downs, within the park boundary to ensure that it remained protected from development. The Secretary of State invited objections and representations on new issues relating to the proposed national park in a consultation that ran from 2 July to 13 August 2007. In the light of the responses received, the Secretary of State decided that it was appropriate to re-open the 2003–05 public inquiry. The inquiry re-opened on 12 February 2008 and was closed on 4 July 2008 after 27 sitting days. The Inspector's report was submitted on 28 November 2008.
56:
835:
655:
600:
762:
41:
619:(SDNPA). The SDNPA was established on 1 April 2010, and became fully functioning, including becoming the planning authority for the national park, on 1 April 2011. It is responsible for promoting the statutory purposes of the national park and the interests of the people who live and work within it. The statutory purposes of the SDNPA, as a national park authority, are specified by the
774:
area at 544 km (210 sq mi), followed by East
Hampshire District with 279 km (108 sq mi), Winchester with 265 km (102 sq mi), Lewes District with 159 km (61 sq mi) and Arun 102 km (39 sq mi). 93 km (36 sq mi) are in Horsham District and 60 km (23 sq mi) in Wealden District.
773:
The national park has an area of 1,625 km (627 sq mi), of which 544 km (210 sq mi) is in
Hampshire, 807 km (312 sq mi) in West Sussex and 237 km (92 sq mi) in East Sussex. Among the district council areas, Chichester District has the largest
501:
from 1940 onwards through arable farming, and a resulting decline in sheep grazing, militated at an early stage against further work on designation. When in 1956 the
National Parks Commission came to consider the case for the South Downs as a national park, it found designation no longer appropriate,
536:
was conducted between 10 November 2003 and 23 March 2005, with the aim of recommending to ministers whether a national park should be confirmed and, if so, where its boundaries should be. The results of the inquiry were expected by the end of 2005, but were delayed pending a legal issue arising from
493:
took a different view, and he included the South Downs in his list of twelve areas recommended for designation as a national park, defined by John Dower as an "extensive area of beautiful and relatively wild country in which, for the nation's benefit...the characteristic landscape beauty is strictly
769:
The total population living within the national park is approximately 108,000. Of these 42,000 live in
Hampshire, 40,000 in West Sussex and 25,000 in East Sussex. East Hampshire District Council area and Chichester District each have around 30,000 residents in the area and Lewes District 22,000.
548:
Following an appeal on the High Court case and new legislation included in the
Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006, the South Downs Inquiry report was published on 31 March 2006. It recommended a 23% reduction in the size of the originally proposed national park, focussing it more
642:
The SDNPA is a public body, funded by central government, and run by a board of twenty seven members. The board consists of seven national members, appointed by the environment secretary by means of an open recruitment process; fourteen local authority nominees drawn from the fifteen local
460:
The idea of a South Downs
National Park originated in the 1920s, when public concern was mounting about increasing threats to the beautiful downland environment, particularly the impact of indiscriminate speculative housing development on the eastern Sussex Downs
770:
Winchester has 11,500 residents in the park, with much smaller numbers for the other districts and boroughs. The area receives about 39 million visits each year, which is thought likely to increase as a result of the creation of the national park.
416:, designated on 31 March 2010. The park, covering an area of 1,627 square kilometres (628 sq mi) in southern England, stretches for 140 kilometres (87 mi) from Winchester in the west to Eastbourne in the east through the counties of
579:
The new national park came into full operation on 1 April 2011 when the new South Downs
National Park Authority assumed statutory responsibility for it. The occasion was marked by an opening ceremony which took place in the market square of
568:, announced that the South Downs would be designated a national park, and on 12 November 2009 he signed the order confirming the designation. He confirmed that a number of hotly disputed areas – including the western Weald, the town of
502:
noting that the value of the South Downs as a potential national park had been reduced by cultivation. It did however recognise the "great natural beauty" of the area, and proposed it be designated as an
517:
In
September 1999 the government, following a review of national parks policy, declared support for a South Downs National Park, and announced a consultation on its creation. In January 2003 the then
942:
The South Downs run linearly west-north-westwards from the
Eastbourne area through southern Sussex to the Hampshire downs, separating the south coastal plain from the clays and sandstones of the
690:
in the east. In its western half, the southern boundary of the park lies up to 10 km (6.2 mi) inland from the south coast; it thus excludes the major coastal towns and cities of
800:
sets it apart from other national parks in
Britain. However, almost a quarter (23%) of the national park consists of a quite different and strongly contrasting physiographic region, the
1015:
In its western section, the national park extends north beyond the chalk escarpment of the South Downs into a quite different and strongly contrasting physiographic region, the western
549:
narrowly on the chalk downland and excluding from it a large part of the existing East Hampshire and Sussex Downs AONBs. This proved highly controversial, leading to calls from the
946:. Behind the escarpment, on the dip slope, are the characteristic high, smooth, rolling downland hills interrupted by dry valleys and wind gaps, and the major river gaps of the
1409:
1205:
526:
473:, submitted a memorandum to the Prime Minister urging the case for national parks, including a national park on part of the South Downs. When however, towards the end of
83:
856:
1353:
561:
1094:(Snake River Press, 2009). He notes that "John Halsham" (G. Forrester Scott) advocated what we would now call a national park for part of the Weald and Downs in 1898.
730:, which had all made substantial encroachments onto the Downs during the 19th and 20th centuries. By contrast, the park includes a number of towns situated in the
804:, whose densely wooded hills and vales are based on an older Wealden geology of resistant sandstones and softer clays. The highest point in the national park,
638:
In carrying out its role, the authority has a duty to seek to foster the economic and social well-being of the communities living within the national park.
1447:
395:
1144:
1275:
1380:
643:
authorities covering the park area with Adur and Worthing opting to share a place; and six parish council representatives, two for each county.
1677:
1672:
710:. Further east, where the park's southern boundary lies much closer to the coast, it has been carefully drawn to exclude the urban areas of
1687:
550:
466:
1667:
1570:
305:
1209:
1702:
851:
591:
status, to restrict artificial light pollution above the park. It was the second such area in England and the 11th in the world.
1697:
1440:
497:
The South Downs was the last of the original twelve recommended national parks to be designated. Extensive damage to the chalk
388:
1301:
1456:
185:
1692:
1682:
478:
413:
485:, did not identify the South Downs for national park status, but rather included it in a list of "other amenity areas".
1657:
1543:
778:
667:
588:
277:
1326:
584:, a town situated in the western Weald just 4 km (2.5 mi) north of the chalk escarpment of the South Downs.
1662:
1601:
1433:
1112:
381:
340:
1613:
939:, when sea levels rose and the English Channel was formed, resulting in under-cutting of the chalk by the sea.
353:
30:
1365:
1496:
225:
1607:
1532:
1508:
790:
630:
To promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the Park's special qualities by the public.
346:
261:
237:
646:
As at June 2024, the chair of SDNPA is Vanessa Rowlands, and the chief executive (interim) is Tim Slaney.
1388:
1141:
1562:
1279:
298:
1377:
1464:
194:
777:
Apart from a number of boundary revisions, the park incorporates two areas previously designated as
1652:
1576:
542:
313:
666:
The South Downs National Park stretches for 140 km (87 mi) across southern England from
1587:
659:
327:
46:
1354:
Consultation on the membership of the future South Downs National Park Authority Defra July 2009
1020:
897:
839:
828:
824:
805:
1128:
932:
861:
719:
671:
608:
538:
433:
892:, between 100 million and 66 million years ago, when the area was under the sea. During the
55:
723:
620:
8:
1053:
936:
782:
507:
1073:
808:, at 280 m (919 ft) above sea level, is in fact situated in the Weald, on the
1425:
1164:
951:
518:
506:. In due course two AONBs were designated, split along the county boundary, namely the
70:
1124:
969:
rock, notably homogeneous and fine-grained, and very permeable. It consists of minute
882:, a strongly contrasting and distinctive landscape of densely wooded hills and vales.
627:
To conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the area
1108:
997:
786:
715:
511:
1551:
1490:
1140:
In February 2006, people with an interest in the outcome of the inquiry received a
989:
978:
284:
219:
904:
movements that created the Alps. The relatively resistant chalk rock has, through
878:, although a significant part consists of the sandstones and clays of the western
525:) made an Order to designate the proposed park in 2003 which was submitted to the
1384:
1253:
1231:
1179:
1148:
1028:
1024:
920:
889:
886:
809:
739:
522:
486:
470:
445:
532:
As a result of objections and representations received on the proposed Order, a
1090:
In fact, the idea may go back further, according to Peter Brandon in his book,
1001:
896:
era the chalk was uplifted as part of the Weald uplift which created the great
865:
797:
533:
514:
in 1966. These were later to form the basis of the South Downs National Park.
449:
864:
cliffs and the coastguard cottages, from Seaford Head across the mouth of the
1646:
1478:
1472:
801:
731:
707:
554:
441:
207:
201:
98:
85:
1048:
703:
474:
1626:
Parentheses denote year of establishment as a National Park. An area with
1005:
966:
928:
834:
820:
813:
735:
691:
687:
679:
604:
581:
565:
437:
429:
425:
421:
812:, whereas the highest point on the chalk escarpment of the South Downs,
1520:
1514:
1032:
993:
974:
959:
955:
924:
913:
905:
727:
699:
695:
683:
462:
249:
243:
1420:
1206:"South Downs National Park confirmation announced on 12 November 2009"
1595:
1036:
1009:
675:
573:
417:
334:
1366:
South Downs Online: Will the South Downs be overwhelmed by visitors?
1278:. South Downs National Park Authority. 29 March 2011. Archived from
992:, which have been widely exploited as a material for manufacture of
916:
that rises dramatically above the low-lying vales of the Low Weald.
1484:
1183:
947:
893:
875:
747:
743:
711:
654:
498:
213:
1153:...there will be a delay in the timetable for reaching a decision.
599:
444:, with its heavily wooded sandstone and clay hills and vales. The
1404:
982:
970:
901:
816:, has an elevation of 271 m (889 ft) above sea level.
751:
440:) and a substantial part of a separate physiographic region, the
432:(which on the English Channel coast form the white cliffs of the
167:
935:
and Seaford Head. These cliffs were formed after the end of the
1502:
1415:
909:
761:
231:
560:
On 31 March 2009 the result of the inquiry was published. The
40:
1107:, pp 190–192. (Phillimore & Co. Ltd., Chichester, 1998).
1016:
986:
943:
879:
872:
755:
569:
503:
1232:"South Downs National Park wins 'dark sky reserve' status"
1027:
bedrock, and the densely wooded hills and valleys of the
1455:
1254:"BBC News: 'Historic day' for South Downs National Park"
1630:
has similar status to a UK National Park. Areas marked
369:
has similar status to a UK National Park. Areas marked
1410:
Links to detailed Defra maps of the confirmed boundary
477:, John Dower was asked to report on how a system of
448:
spans the entire length of the park and is the only
541:case challenging part of the Order designating the
1165:Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006
1074:"South Downs walks celebrate national park status"
607:lies within the national park, seen here with the
428:. The national park covers the chalk hills of the
1644:
1276:"South Downs National Park Authority Goes Live"
927:, where it forms the dramatic white cliffs of
576:– would be included within the national park.
553:and others for the inclusion of the so-called
469:, led by campaigners including the geographer
1441:
819:Within the national park there are two chalk
467:Council for the Preservation of Rural England
389:
551:Campaign for the Protection of Rural England
365:Parentheses denotes the year. An area with
1448:
1434:
1349:
1347:
396:
382:
615:The national park is administered by the
452:that lies wholly within a national park.
912:landform, with a northward-facing chalk
855:
852:Geology of the South Downs National Park
833:
760:
653:
634:It must also fulfil the following duty:
598:
1344:
750:, and the two historic Sussex towns of
481:might be established, his 1945 report,
1645:
1019:, taking in the valley of the western
871:Most of the national park consists of
587:In 2016 the national park was granted
527:Secretary of State for the Environment
491:Report of the National Parks Committee
465:was an example of this). In 1929, the
1429:
1678:Parks and open spaces in East Sussex
1673:Parks and open spaces in West Sussex
1457:National parks of the United Kingdom
1174:
1172:
60:Map of the South Downs National Park
1688:Protected areas established in 2010
1092:The Shaping of the Sussex Landscape
977:) shed from micro-organisms called
779:Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty
617:South Downs National Park Authority
483:National Parks in England and Wales
479:national parks in England and Wales
158:South Downs National Park Authority
134:1,627 km (628 sq mi)
16:National park in South East England
13:
1668:Parks and open spaces in Hampshire
1571:Loch Lomond and The Trossachs
1180:"South Downs National Park agreed"
504:Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
14:
1714:
1533:South Pennines Regional Park
1398:
1208:. Natural England. Archived from
1169:
1125:South Downs National Park Inquiry
1103:See discussion in Brandon, Peter
919:The chalk escarpment reaches the
594:
1610: (Bannau Brycheiniog; 1957)
1000:for dwellings. Similar areas in
796:The South Downs National Park's
54:
39:
33:V (protected landscape/seascape)
1703:International Dark Sky Reserves
1405:National Park Authority website
1371:
1359:
1319:
1294:
1268:
1246:
1224:
1198:
1158:
1134:
1118:
1097:
1084:
1066:
589:International Dark Sky Reserve
1:
1698:Dark-sky preserves in England
1059:
789:. The park also includes the
45:View of the South Downs from
885:The chalk was formed in the
791:Queen Elizabeth Country Park
649:
7:
1389:Campaign for National Parks
1042:
985:include numerous layers of
10:
1719:
1693:Environment of West Sussex
1683:Environment of East Sussex
849:
845:
455:
350:(Bannau Brycheiniog; 1957)
126:11.2 km (7.0 mi)
1658:National parks in England
1623:
1586:
1561:
1542:
1463:
1331:South Downs National Park
1306:South Downs National Park
410:South Downs National Park
162:
154:
146:
138:
130:
122:
114:
77:
65:
53:
38:
28:
24:South Downs National Park
23:
1663:Environment of Hampshire
1356:Retrieved 6 October 2009
1327:"Senior Leadership Team"
908:, resulted in a classic
543:New Forest National Park
118:140 km (87 mi)
1147:19 October 2007 at the
898:Weald-Artois Anticline
868:
842:
840:Litlington White Horse
829:Long Man of Wilmington
825:Litlington White Horse
766:
663:
612:
1129:Planning Inspectorate
965:The chalk is a white
900:, caused by the same
859:
837:
764:
657:
609:Belle Tout Lighthouse
602:
1383:19 July 2007 at the
621:Environment Act 1995
529:on 27 January 2003.
412:is England's newest
1602:Pembrokeshire Coast
1256:. BBC. 1 April 2011
1054:Butser Ancient Farm
783:East Hampshire AONB
668:St Catherine's Hill
572:and the village of
508:East Hampshire AONB
487:Sir Arthur Hobhouse
341:Pembrokeshire Coast
155:Governing body
95: /
1412:, archived in 2010
1302:"Meet our Members"
1234:. BBC. 10 May 2016
869:
843:
793:near Petersfield.
767:
664:
613:
562:Secretary of State
519:Countryside Agency
71:South East England
1640:
1639:
1421:South Downs Trust
1416:Visit South Downs
998:building material
787:Sussex Downs AONB
716:Brighton and Hove
658:A view west from
512:Sussex Downs AONB
406:
405:
186:UK National Parks
180:
179:
1710:
1614:North East Wales
1552:Mourne Mountains
1544:Northern Ireland
1491:North York Moors
1450:
1443:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1392:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
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1265:
1263:
1261:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1212:on 27 March 2010
1202:
1196:
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1193:
1191:
1176:
1167:
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1156:
1138:
1132:
1122:
1116:
1101:
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1088:
1082:
1081:
1070:
979:coccolithophores
603:The headland of
510:in 1962 and the
398:
391:
384:
354:North East Wales
285:Mourne Mountains
278:Northern Ireland
220:North York Moors
182:
181:
176:
173:
171:
169:
110:
109:
107:
106:
105:
100:
99:50.911°N 0.367°W
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93:
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69:United Kingdom (
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43:
21:
20:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1709:
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1653:IUCN Category V
1643:
1642:
1641:
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1619:
1582:
1557:
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1497:Yorkshire Dales
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1385:Wayback Machine
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1335:
1333:
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1283:
1282:on 8 April 2011
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1186:. 31 March 2009
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1149:Wayback Machine
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1105:The South Downs
1102:
1098:
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1072:
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1062:
1045:
1029:Greensand Ridge
1025:Lower Greensand
1023:, incised into
921:English Channel
887:Late Cretaceous
854:
848:
810:Greensand Ridge
678:in the west to
652:
597:
523:Natural England
471:Vaughan Cornish
458:
446:South Downs Way
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359:
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306:Loch Lomond and
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1509:Northumberland
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595:Administration
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1598:(Eryri; 1951)
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1201:
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1113:1-86077-069-X
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1087:
1080:. April 2012.
1079:
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1038:
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996:as well as a
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933:Seven Sisters
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858:
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836:
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826:
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802:western Weald
799:
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732:western Weald
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442:western Weald
439:
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431:
427:
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414:national park
411:
399:
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392:
387:
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373:are proposed.
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337:(Eryri; 1951)
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308:The Trossachs
304:
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265:
264:Regional Park
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208:Lake District
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202:Peak District
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68:
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52:
48:
42:
37:
32:
31:IUCN category
27:
22:
19:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1526:
1373:
1361:
1334:. Retrieved
1330:
1321:
1309:. Retrieved
1305:
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1280:the original
1270:
1258:. Retrieved
1248:
1238:16 September
1236:. Retrieved
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1210:the original
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1160:
1152:
1151:which said "
1136:
1120:
1104:
1099:
1091:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1049:Wiston House
1021:River Rother
1014:
1004:include the
964:
941:
937:last ice age
918:
884:
870:
821:hill figures
818:
795:
776:
772:
768:
765:Hilltop view
734:, including
704:Bognor Regis
665:
660:Devil's Dyke
645:
641:
633:
616:
614:
586:
578:
559:
547:
531:
516:
496:
494:preserved".
490:
482:
475:World War II
459:
409:
407:
370:
366:
255:
142:1 April 2010
47:Devil's Dyke
18:
1527:South Downs
1378:South Downs
1006:North Downs
994:stone tools
967:sedimentary
929:Beachy Head
814:Butser Hill
736:Petersfield
692:Southampton
688:East Sussex
680:Beachy Head
605:Beachy Head
582:Petersfield
566:Hilary Benn
438:Beachy Head
430:South Downs
426:East Sussex
422:West Sussex
256:South Downs
170:.southdowns
139:Established
102: /
78:Coordinates
1647:Categories
1577:Cairngorms
1521:New Forest
1515:The Broads
1216:5 December
1060:References
1033:Weald Clay
975:coccoliths
925:Eastbourne
914:escarpment
906:weathering
728:Eastbourne
700:Chichester
696:Portsmouth
684:Eastbourne
672:Winchester
539:High Court
463:Peacehaven
314:Cairngorms
250:New Forest
244:The Broads
150:16 million
87:50°54′40″N
1596:Snowdonia
1387:from the
1127:from the
1037:Haslemere
1035:south of
1010:Chilterns
806:Blackdown
676:Hampshire
650:Geography
574:Ditchling
418:Hampshire
335:Snowdonia
90:0°22′01″W
1563:Scotland
1517:‡ (1988)
1485:Dartmoor
1381:Archived
1190:31 March
1184:BBC News
1145:Archived
1078:BBC News
1043:See also
1008:and the
973:plates (
948:Cuckmere
923:west of
902:orogenic
894:Cenozoic
876:downland
827:and the
748:Petworth
744:Midhurst
720:Newhaven
712:Worthing
499:downland
489:'s 1947
299:Scotland
246:‡ (1988)
214:Dartmoor
147:Visitors
66:Location
1465:England
1336:15 June
1311:15 June
1286:5 April
1260:1 April
1002:Britain
990:nodules
971:calcite
846:Geology
752:Arundel
724:Seaford
682:, near
456:History
195:England
163:Website
1604:(1952)
1579:(2003)
1573:(2002)
1529:(2010)
1523:(2005)
1511:(1956)
1505:(1954)
1503:Exmoor
1499:(1954)
1493:(1952)
1487:(1951)
1481:(1951)
1475:(1951)
1142:letter
1111:
983:strata
981:. The
931:, the
910:cuesta
823:, the
781:, the
662:valley
343:(1952)
316:(2003)
310:(2002)
258:(2010)
252:(2005)
240:(1956)
234:(1954)
232:Exmoor
228:(1954)
222:(1952)
216:(1951)
210:(1951)
204:(1951)
115:Length
1588:Wales
1017:Weald
987:flint
944:Weald
890:epoch
880:Weald
873:chalk
756:Lewes
670:near
570:Lewes
521:(now
328:Wales
123:Width
1338:2024
1313:2024
1288:2011
1262:2011
1240:2019
1218:2009
1192:2009
1109:ISBN
1031:and
960:Arun
958:and
956:Adur
952:Ouse
860:The
838:The
785:and
754:and
746:and
740:Liss
726:and
706:and
436:and
424:and
408:The
172:.gov
131:Area
686:in
674:in
174:.uk
168:www
1649::
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1182:.
1171:^
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758:.
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537:a
420:,
1632:†
1628:‡
1616:†
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1220:.
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1131:.
1115:.
611:.
461:(
397:e
390:t
383:v
371:†
367:‡
356:†
287:†
266:†
73:)
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