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740:, who had made the country his home for seventeen years, we were obliged to watch very closely to find the place at which we had reached the culminating point." In his 1843 expedition, Fremont was able to determine the elevation of the pass at 7,490 feet above sea level. He wrote, "...it may be assumed to be about half-way between the Mississippi and the Pacific ocean, on the common traveling route...the emigrant road to Oregon."
1292:
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485:, that the party of seven persons who left Astoria toward the end of June, 1812, considering it dangerous to pass again by the route of 1811, turned toward the southeast as soon as they had crossed the main chain of the Rocky Mountains, and, after several days' journey, came through the celebrated 'South Pass' in the month of November, 1812.
201:
1098:
The river of the West : Life and adventure in the Rocky mountains and Oregon; embracing events in the life-time of a mountain-man and pioneer: with the early history of the north-western slope, including an account of the fur traders ... Also, a description of the
389:
Though well known to Native
Americans, South Pass was first traversed in 1812 by European American explorers who were seeking a safer way to return from the West Coast than they had taken to it. As a natural crossing point of the
1780:
511:, Benjamin Jones, of Missouri, who acted as huntsman of the party, Francois LeClaire, a halfbreed, and André Valée, a Canadian voyageur, and Ramsay Crooks, who is the only survivor of this small band of adventurers.
1770:
717:, the Walkers, crossed the pass in 1840 with the intention of settling in Oregon. Joel Pickens Walker, and his wife Mary Young Walker, made the journey with their four children. In 1841, Fitzpatrick led the
533:
preempted western exploration. A translation of his journal was published in an 1821 French journal, but South Pass would have to be rediscovered by later explorers from information provided by Crow
Indians.
871:
Route crosses the
Continental Divide at the far northwest end of the broad South Pass region, about 25 miles (40 km) to the northwest of the South Passes, at an elevation of 8,030 feet (2,450 m).
103:
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of 1803-1806 was searching for a water route across the
Continental Divide it did not learn of South Pass from local peoples. Instead, the expedition followed a northerly route up the
1678:
736:
expedition to survey South Pass. Reaching the pass on 8 Aug. 1842, Fremont wrote, "The ascent had been so gradual, that, with all the intimate knowledge possessed by
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traverses the modern pass, roughly following the route of the Oregon Trail. Wagon ruts are still clearly visible at numerous sites within a few miles of the highway.
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rises on the west side. Historic South Pass is the lower of the two passes (elevation 7,412 feet (2,259 m)), and was the easy crossing point used by emigrants.
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The seven persons forming the party were Robert McClelland of
Hagerstown, who, with the celebrated Captain Wells, was captain of spies under General
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operation that allowed gold mining to continue. Gold mining was revived in nearby Rock Creek in the 1930s. Additionally, from 1962 through 1983, a
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crosses the
Continental Divide 2.5 miles (4.0 km) to the northwest at elevation 7,550 feet (2,300 m), and its crossing is also named
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1452:
557:'s party, part of Ashley's Hundred, made the first crossing traveling east to west in Feb. 1824. Ashley subsequently established the first
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had been discovered in the gulches near the pass as early as 1842. However, it was not until 1867, when an ore sample was transported to
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36:
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led the first military expedition to South Pass in 1845. By 1848, 18,487 Americans had crossed the pass, and over 300,000 by 1860.
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Though it approaches a mile and a half high, South Pass is the lowest point on the
Continental Divide between the Central and
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in the streams was exhausted quickly, however, and by 1870 the miners began leaving the region. In 1884, Emile
Granier, a
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361:. The passes furnish a natural crossing point of the Rockies. The historic pass became the route for emigrants on the
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676:. By 1838, four additional American missionary women had crossed the pass, Myra Fairbanks Eells,
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322:(elevation 7,412 ft (2,259 m) and 7,550 ft (2,300 m)) is a route across the
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in his famous Indian campaign, Joseph Miller of
Baltimore, for several years an officer of the
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across the pass. In 1836, Fitzpatrick guided the "First White Women to Cross This Pass",
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Map of southwestern
Wyoming showing location of South Pass at the headwaters of the
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Road transportation infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places
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Oregon Buttes, Wyoming, Elevation: 8558 feet, 2608 meters, peakbagger.com
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National Register of Historic Places listings in Fremont County, Wyoming
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Ventures and Adventures of Ezra Meeker: Or, Sixty Years of Frontier Life
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Natural features on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
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809:, South Pass Station was established in 1861, at Last Crossing on the
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496:, where they passed the winter and reached St. Louis in April, 1813.
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erected this boulder near Pacific Springs in 1906 to mark the trail.
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across the pass. Their caravan of 20 wagons, in place of the usual
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645:'s first child was born at South Pass in June 1835. Also in 1835,
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Historic South Pass, seen from the east looking westward towards
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led to the establishment of booming mining communities, such as
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National Register of Historic Places in Fremont County, Wyoming
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Pursuing from thence an easterly course, they fell upon the
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The first recorded crossing was made on October 22, 1812 by
760:
767:, that an influx of miners descended into the region. The
1055:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 33–48.
1013:. New York: Random House Publishing group. p. 158.
1011:
Polk: the man who transformed the presidency and America
338:
to the north and the over 8,500 ft (2,600 m)
1649:
C. H. King Company and First National Bank of Shoshoni
843:, allowing a broad and nearly level route between the
525:
Stuart's "Travel Memorandum" was left with President
377:
during the 19th century. It was designated as a U.S.
406:, crossing the Rockies over difficult passes in the
394:
its pioneering was a significant achievement in the
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United States Army Corps of Topographical Engineers
798:mine operated in Atlantic City, and the company's
629:used by the fur traders. Wyeth then established
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1156:National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings
1707:List of National Historic Landmarks in Wyoming
1084:. Vol. XVII. Portland, Oregon: Ivy Press.
1453:
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541:Location of South Pass along the Oregon Trail
350:, approximately 35 miles (56 km) SSW of
346:to the south. The Pass lies in southwestern
1232:, Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office
252:
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1082:Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society
855:flows past the east side of the pass, and
16:Route across Continental Divide in Wyoming
1766:Transportation in Fremont County, Wyoming
1644:Jackson Park Town Site Addition Brick Row
179:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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104:Antelope Hills (Radium Springs, Wyoming)
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396:westward expansion of the United States
1751:National Historic Landmarks in Wyoming
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1212:History and virtual tour of South pass
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1094:
1076:Crooks, Ramsay (March–December 1916).
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931:"National Register Information System"
668:, along with and their husbands, plus
1561:T Cross Ranch Rural Historic District
1441:
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1223:South Pass National Historic Landmark
995:
947:
902:List of passes of the Rocky Mountains
553:led to the rediscovery of the pass.
473:expedition, under the command of Mr.
1731:Landforms of Fremont County, Wyoming
1679:US Post Office and Courthouse-Lander
1469:National Register of Historic Places
936:National Register of Historic Places
561:in 1825. Ashley sold out to Smith,
1629:ELY Wind River Diversion Dam Bridge
1080:. In Young, Frederic George (ed.).
1027:
923:
13:
1053:South Pass: gateway to a continent
962:National Historic Landmark Program
897:Continental Divide of the Americas
592:, which they established near the
569:in 1826, becoming their supplier.
437:further north, on their return to
14:
1792:
1541:Lander Downtown Historic District
1516:Carpenter Hotel Historic District
1205:
588:, supplied the fur trappers from
453:had told Stuart of "...a shorter
342:and arid, saline near-impassable
1521:CM Ranch and Simpson Lake Cabins
1497:
1290:
1078:"Who Discovered the South Pass?"
457:to the South than that by which
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1576:Twin Pines Lodge and Cabin Camp
1571:Torrey Lake Petroglyph District
1531:Fort Washakie Historic District
1422:This Is the Place Heritage Park
1188:
1095:Victor, Frances Fuller (1870).
787:mining engineer, established a
516:Letter of Ramsay Crooks to the
469:In 1811, the overland party of
188:U.S. National Historic Landmark
1624:ELS Bridge over Big Wind River
1609:Castle Gardens Petroglyph Site
1116:
1088:
1069:
984:
813:. South Pass was designated a
507:, Robert Stuart, a citizen of
425:, and six companions from the
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1:
1736:Great Divide of North America
1566:Torrey Lake Historic District
917:
826:
807:Pacific Telegraph Act of 1860
260:Show map of the United States
1689:Wind River Agency Blockhouse
1551:South Pass Historic District
576:, aided by Michel Cerre and
433:. They were trying to avoid
7:
1669:Split Rock Prehistoric Site
1217:"Ramsay Crooks 1856 letter"
1129:. Rainer Printing Company.
1102:. R. W. Bliss and Company.
875:
800:Atlantic City Mine Railroad
721:across the pass, the first
10:
1797:
1746:Mountain passes of Wyoming
1664:Shoshone-Episcopal Mission
1599:BMU Bridge over Wind River
1481:National Historic Landmark
1175:"Accompanying photographs"
912:South Pass greenstone belt
815:National Historic Landmark
551:Rocky Mountain Fur Company
463:traversed the R. Mountains
400:Lewis and Clark Expedition
384:
379:National Historic Landmark
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1634:Green Mountain Arrow Site
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1338:Courthouse and Jail Rocks
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1274:
1228:November 7, 2017, at the
1009:Borneman, Walter (2008).
831:The pass is a broad open
686:Sarah Gilbert White Smith
637:and the Lees settled the
559:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous
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280:NRHP reference
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1594:Atlantic City Mercantile
907:South Pass City, Wyoming
359:Southern Rocky Mountains
274:South Pass City, Wyoming
1659:Riverton Railroad Depot
1473:Fremont County, Wyoming
882:Great Migration of 1843
719:Bartleson-Bidwell Party
651:Protestant missionaries
1654:Helen Lookingbill Site
751:
710:
678:Mary Richardson Walker
613:Methodist missionaries
609:Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth
604:
542:
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133:42.37000°N 108.91361°W
1684:Welty's General Store
1619:Delfelder Schoolhouse
1556:St. Michael's Mission
1427:First Encampment Park
1182:National Park Service
1160:National Park Service
1123:Meeker, Ezra (1908).
1051:Bagley, Will (2014).
966:National Park Service
941:National Park Service
805:After passage of the
746:
700:wilderness study area
694:
682:Mary Augusta Dix Gray
602:
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467:
381:on January 20, 1961.
802:crossed South Pass.
713:The first family of
547:William Henry Ashley
410:between present-day
138:42.37000; -108.91361
1586:Historic properties
666:Eliza Hart Spalding
643:Robert "Doc" Newell
574:Benjamin Bonneville
479:Trenton, New Jersey
427:Pacific Fur Company
306:Designated NHL
235:Show map of Wyoming
129: /
1508:Historic districts
1312:Mount Pisgah, Iowa
1307:Garden Grove, Iowa
1162:. October 14, 1959
861:Wyoming Highway 28
821:Wyoming Highway 28
752:
711:
647:Thomas Fitzpatrick
623:John Kirk Townsend
605:
543:
518:Detroit Free Press
344:Great Divide Basin
324:Continental Divide
70:Wyoming Highway 28
49:7,412 ft (2,259 m)
1713:
1712:
1639:High Rise Village
1604:Brooks Lake Lodge
1435:
1434:
1417:Emigration Canyon
1412:Big Mountain Pass
1371:Independence Rock
972:on April 13, 2008
943:. April 15, 2008.
887:Mormon Emigration
755:Stephen W. Kearny
639:Willamette Valley
603:South Pass marker
483:Yellowstone River
317:
316:
293:Significant dates
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1726:California Trail
1614:Dean Decker Site
1546:Quien Sabe Ranch
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968:. Archived from
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853:Sweetwater River
851:watersheds. The
811:Sweetwater River
789:hydraulic mining
662:Narcissa Whitman
578:Joseph R. Walker
572:In 1832 Captain
563:William Sublette
521:
431:John Jacob Astor
408:Bitterroot Range
336:Wind River Range
330:in southwestern
309:January 20, 1961
301:October 15, 1966
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1184:. October 1958.
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730:John C. Fremont
708:South Pass City
590:Fort Bonneville
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658:Marcus Whitman
611:led the first
555:Jedediah Smith
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398:. Because the
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1756:Oregon Trail
1741:Mormon Trail
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1396:Fort Bridger
1385:
1376:Devil's Gate
1366:Fort Laramie
1343:Scotts Bluff
1333:Chimney Rock
1267:Mormon Trail
1190:
1164:. Retrieved
1155:
1149:"South Pass"
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986:
974:. Retrieved
970:the original
961:
958:"South Pass"
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704:Oregon Trail
674:William Gray
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449:, Oregon. A
420:
388:
356:
319:
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270:Nearest city
66:Mormon Trail
58:Oregon Trail
54:Traversed by
18:
781:placer gold
748:Ezra Meeker
723:wagon train
635:Snake River
594:Green River
580:, blazed a
531:War of 1812
471:Mr. Astor's
136: /
124:108°54′49″W
111:Coordinates
1720:Categories
1674:Union Pass
1489:South Pass
1391:Names Hill
1386:South Pass
1135:B000861WA8
918:References
865:South Pass
827:Topography
793:U.S. Steel
620:naturalist
586:pack-train
582:wagon road
529:, but the
367:California
320:South Pass
171:South Pass
121:42°22′12″N
24:South Pass
1700:See also:
1269:landmarks
841:sagebrush
817:in 1961.
769:gold rush
728:In 1842,
715:emigrants
631:Fort Hall
616:Jason Lee
607:In 1834,
505:U.S. Army
439:St. Louis
326:, in the
45:Elevation
1321:Nebraska
1275:Illinois
1226:Archived
1166:June 22,
976:June 27,
876:See also
845:Atlantic
796:iron ore
656:and Dr.
545:In 1823
514:—
494:Missouri
459:Mr. Hunt
451:Shoshone
443:Missouri
287:66000754
150:Topo map
76:Location
1353:Wyoming
1099:country
849:Pacific
837:prairie
702:on the
633:on the
509:Detroit
492:of the
447:Astoria
412:Montana
392:Rockies
385:History
332:Wyoming
84:Wyoming
1282:Nauvoo
1133:
1106:
1059:
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867:. The
833:saddle
785:French
779:. The
738:Carson
732:led a
565:, and
371:Mormon
369:, and
363:Oregon
352:Lander
64:, and
1178:(pdf)
1152:(pdf)
835:with
706:near
501:Wayne
477:, of
455:trace
445:from
416:Idaho
95:Range
1705:and
1405:Utah
1300:Iowa
1168:2009
1131:ASIN
1104:ISBN
1057:ISBN
1015:ISBN
978:2008
847:and
839:and
775:and
761:Gold
698:- a
684:and
672:and
664:and
649:led
461:had
414:and
375:West
155:USGS
102:and
1471:in
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282:No.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
