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South Wales Miners' Federation

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The number of districts gradually increased, to a peak of twenty, then with the abolition of the tiny Saundersfoot district, continued at nineteen until 1934. By this point, most districts were struggling financially, and so a complete restructure took place. The districts were replaced by eight
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Despite its name, the new union was not a federation; the former unions were dissolved and became the basis of twenty districts, each with one or more full-time agents. It had an immediate impact. By the end of 1898, the union had 60,000 members, or 47% of the coalfield workforce, and by 1900 this
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Prior to the formation of the Federation, these local unions had relatively little success in securing widespread trade union membership. Chris Williams estimates that, while reliable figures are unavailable, it appears that no more than 18% of the workforce in the South Wales Coalfield were union
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survived the collapse, but it steadily grew in membership, and other local unions were founded. The local unions disagreed over whether to negotiate wages as part of a "sliding scale", where pay rose and fell in line with coal export prices. This began to change in 1892, when the unions formed a
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The union was divided into districts, and in the early years, these were powerful bodies. They varied greatly in size, and those with more than 3,000 members were entitled to an automatic place on the union's executive, plus an extra place for each additional 6,000 members. Each district held a
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in 1906, a majority of SWMF members voted in favour. As the national federation narrowly voted against, another vote was held in 1908, by which time SWMF members voted 74,675 to 44,616 in favour. Some in the union were radicalised by such events as the
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was elected as secretary, and the following year, Abraham was elected as president, Morgan as vice-president, and Josiah Edwards as the treasurer. The committee achieved little, but formed a basis for the formation of the SWMF.
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monthly meeting, comprising one delegate from each lodge, and was led by a district executive. Each district elected at least one agent, who then served until they chose to retire, thus making the role hugely important.
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Over the years, there were a few splits from the union. The Monmouthshire and South Wales Colliery Enginemen, Stokers and Surface Craftsmen's General Association left in 1903. The
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members between 1892 and 1897. This was well below the British average of 39% and significantly lower than Scotland (25%), Yorkshire (58%) and the north-east of England (59%).
1436: 829:, a moderate breakaway union was set up in 1926 in opposition to the General Strike but was disbanded in 1938. In 1940, the SWMF also started representing miners in the 453: 710: 289: 2087: 628: 324: 215: 2077: 1855: 1860: 1429: 1704: 1414: 1895: 1449: 837: 412:
By 1914, four districts had more than 10,000 members: Anthracite, Monmouthshire & Western Valleys, Rhondda No.1, and Tredegar Valley.
1979: 1422: 2107: 1914: 1865: 2000: 1969: 1924: 1092: 826: 150:(AAM) was influential in South Wales during the early 1870s, but it collapsed in 1875. Of the AAM's various districts, only the 468:
areas, employing one or more agents, but otherwise much less important, governance moving to the level of the combine or lodge.
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all took the Liberal Party whip in parliament. However, when the MFGB held a ballot on affiliation to the
2046: 2041: 2026: 1890: 1793: 1745: 1644: 1816: 1656: 1620: 1602: 1501: 1471: 903: 192:. Numerous local coal miners' unions found their funds depleted and decided to merge. They include: 1964: 189: 2092: 440: 1199: 1572: 8: 755: 1093:
Annual Return for a Trade Union: National Union of Mineworkers - South Wales Area: 2016
848: 428: 1662: 1401: 1207: 448: 175:, J. Edwards, Joseph Phillips and M. Williams from the non-sliding scale districts. 1775: 1674: 1465: 1374: 1280: 1179: 1145: 885: 1781: 1543: 2051: 1686: 1578: 1477: 1008: 879: 830: 721: 457: 72: 2071: 1799: 1769: 1203: 1014: 1002: 897: 891: 873: 444: 168: 160: 1763: 1751: 1710: 1680: 1668: 1638: 1632: 1614: 1584: 1555: 1525: 1513: 1495: 1386: 1020: 915: 1531: 539: 131: 123: 1698: 1549: 1035: 909: 805:
These were gradually reduced, and by 1979 only five districts existed:
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Captalism, Community and Conflict. The South Wales Coalfield 1898-1947
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The union was founded on 24 October 1898, following the defeat of the
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In the early twentieth century, its leadership were aligned with the
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and Morgan Weeks from the sliding scale districts, and David Ajax,
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British Workers and the Independent Labour Party, 1888-1906
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In 1960, the South Wales Area was expanded to include the
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Coalfield Web Materials: South Wales Miners' Federation
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South Wales Area of the National Union of Mineworkers
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Ebbw Vale and Sirhowy Colliery Workmen's Association
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Ebbw Vale and Sirhowy Colliery Workmen's Association
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Colliery Enginemen and Stokers of Neath and District
1360:. Pontypridd: University of Glamorgan. p. 318. 629:Aberdare, Merthyr and Dowlais Miners' Association 325:Monmouthshire and South Wales Miners' Association 216:Aberdare, Merthyr and Dowlais Miners' Association 2069: 1206:, Menna Baines and Peredur Lynch (2008) pg827 404:had risen to 127,894 or 87% of the workforce. 2088:National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain) 1430: 1390:History of the South Wales Miners' Federation 1250: 1248: 1107:History of the South Wales Miners' Federation 1234: 1232: 778:Monmouth Western Valley Miners' Association 343:Monmouth Western Valley Miners' Association 155:joint committee. Its initial members were 2078:Defunct trade unions of the United Kingdom 1437: 1423: 1351: 1349: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1245: 1175: 1173: 1109:. London: Laurence and Wishart. p. 7. 27: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1229: 1395: 1196:The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales 1164: 796: 1170: 1104: 2070: 1400:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. 1392:; vol. 1. Lawrence & Wishart, 1938 1355: 1290: 1123:, Phoenix House: London, (1959) pg 172 1418: 1134:Historical Directory of Trade Unions 827:South Wales Miners' Industrial Union 636:No.5: Merthyr, Aberdare and Dowlais 1446:Miners' Federation of Great Britain 422:Miners' Federation of Great Britain 122:(SWMF), nicknamed "The Fed", was a 13: 994: 844:, with less autonomy than before. 699:Rhymney Valley Miners' Association 362:Rhymney Valley Miners' Association 190:South Wales miners' strike of 1898 14: 2124: 1358:The South Wales Miners: 1964-1985 1089:Trade Union Certification Officer 148:Amalgamated Association of Miners 2108:Trade unions established in 1898 1132:Arthur Marsh and Victoria Ryan, 420:The new union affiliated to the 1274: 1267:Hywel Francis and David Smith, 1261: 1254:Hywel Francis and David Smith, 1242:, pp.74–75, 185–187 1238:Hywel Francis and David Smith, 752:No.8: Blaina and West Monmouth 159:, David Beynon, Thomas Davies, 1216: 1189: 1139: 1126: 1113: 1098: 1082: 943: 840:(NUM), and the Fed became the 495:Anthracite Miners' Association 407: 235:Anthracite Miners' Association 141: 120:South Wales Miners' Federation 22:South Wales Miners' Federation 1: 1866:Colliery Officials and Staffs 1450:National Union of Mineworkers 1075: 859: 854: 838:National Union of Mineworkers 836:In 1945, the MFGB became the 809:Aberdare, Rhondda and Merthyr 183: 111:National Union of Mineworkers 2098:1898 establishments in Wales 616:Cambrian Miners' Association 254:Cambrian Miners' Association 152:Cambrian Miners' Association 7: 516:Western Miners' Association 380:Western Miners' Association 10: 2129: 1380: 415: 2019: 1843: 1808: 1725: 1564: 1457: 754: 751: 720: 717: 688: 685: 638: 635: 627: 604: 601: 557: 554: 504: 501: 104: 92: 82: 64: 53: 35: 26: 1396:Williams, Chrsi (1998). 775:Monmouth Western Valleys 549:Garw Miners' Association 454:Cambrian Combine Dispute 308:Garw Miners' Association 98:Wayne Thomas (secretary) 1896:Lancashire and Cheshire 1061:1976: Will Haydn Thomas 920:1959: William Whitehead 100:Kevin T. Thomas (chair) 41:; 125 years ago 1105:Edwards, Ness (1938). 842:NUM (South Wales Area) 591:Pontypridd and Rhondda 134:. It survives as the 16:Miners' union in Wales 2113:Trade unions in Wales 686:No.6: Rhymney Valley 2103:Coal mining in Wales 1985:Mid and West Lothian 1980:Mid and East Lothian 1844:Affiliates and areas 1356:Curtis, Ben (2007). 971:1947: William Arthur 39:24 October 1898 2083:Mining trade unions 1915:North Staffordshire 1726:General Secretaries 1136:, vol.2, pp.201-258 1121:The Rhondda Valleys 1049:1957: Glyn Williams 1031:1935: W. J. Saddler 968:1946: Evan Williams 965:1943: W. J. Saddler 962:1941: Evan Williams 923:1966: Glyn Williams 106:Parent organization 23: 1285:South Wales Miners 1258:, pp.206–207 1184:South Wales Miners 1150:South Wales Miners 1067:1984: Terry Thomas 1064:1981: Des Dutfield 989:1997: Wayne Thomas 937:Position abolished 932:1986: Des Dutfield 849:Somerset coalfield 578:Ogmore and Gilfach 474:District (to 1933) 210:Membership (1898) 21: 2065: 2064: 1212:978-0-7083-1953-6 1058:1974: George Rees 1046:1953: D. D. Evans 1043:1947: W. H. Crews 1040:1946: Will Arthur 986:1976: George Rees 977:1958: D. D. Evans 974:1951: W. H. Crews 803: 802: 798:Dissolved by 1926 536:No.2: Afan Valley 502:No.1: Anthracite 480:Membership (1914) 397: 396: 207:Membership (1892) 116: 115: 2120: 2001:South Derbyshire 1970:Fife and Kinross 1906:Midland Counties 1439: 1432: 1425: 1416: 1415: 1411: 1362: 1361: 1353: 1288: 1281:Robin Page Arnot 1278: 1272: 1265: 1259: 1252: 1243: 1236: 1227: 1220: 1214: 1193: 1187: 1180:Robin Page Arnot 1177: 1168: 1162: 1153: 1146:Robin Page Arnot 1143: 1137: 1130: 1124: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1102: 1096: 1086: 886:Vernon Hartshorn 483:Area (from 1934) 471: 470: 424:(MFGB) in 1899. 195: 194: 75: 49: 47: 42: 31: 24: 20: 2128: 2127: 2123: 2122: 2121: 2119: 2118: 2117: 2093:Mining in Wales 2068: 2067: 2066: 2061: 2015: 1956:Nottinghamshire 1839: 1804: 1721: 1565:Vice-Presidents 1560: 1453: 1443: 1408: 1383: 1375:GENUKI: The Fed 1366: 1365: 1354: 1291: 1279: 1275: 1266: 1262: 1253: 1246: 1237: 1230: 1221: 1217: 1194: 1190: 1178: 1171: 1163: 1156: 1144: 1140: 1131: 1127: 1118: 1114: 1103: 1099: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1073: 997: 995:Vice presidents 992: 952:Thomas Richards 946: 941: 898:James Griffiths 868:William Abraham 862: 857: 762:Eastern Valleys 728:Tredegar Valley 718:No.7: Tredegar 437:William Abraham 433:Thomas Richards 418: 410: 186: 177:Thomas Richards 157:William Abraham 144: 107: 99: 95: 85: 78: 71: 45: 43: 40: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2126: 2116: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2016: 2014: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1946:Northumberland 1943: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1903: 1901:Leicestershire 1898: 1893: 1888: 1886:Forest of Dean 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1840: 1838: 1837: 1831: 1825: 1819: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1802: 1796: 1790: 1784: 1778: 1772: 1766: 1760: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1736: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1722: 1720: 1719: 1713: 1707: 1701: 1695: 1689: 1683: 1677: 1671: 1665: 1659: 1653: 1647: 1641: 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724: 722:Pontllanfraith 719: 716: 713: 708: 704: 703: 700: 697: 696:Rhymney Valley 693: 692: 687: 684: 681: 676: 675:East Glamorgan 672: 671: 668: 663: 662:Taff and Cynon 659: 658: 655: 651: 650: 647: 643: 642: 637: 634: 631: 626: 622: 621: 618: 613: 609: 608: 603: 602:No.4: Rhondda 600: 597: 592: 588: 587: 584: 579: 575: 574: 571: 566: 562: 561: 556: 553: 550: 547: 543: 542: 537: 534: 531: 526: 522: 521: 518: 513: 509: 508: 503: 500: 497: 492: 488: 487: 484: 481: 478: 475: 458:Tonypandy Riot 417: 414: 409: 406: 395: 394: 391: 388: 385: 382: 376: 375: 372: 369: 366: 363: 359: 358: 355: 350: 347: 344: 340: 339: 336: 333: 330: 327: 321: 320: 318: 315: 312: 309: 305: 304: 301: 298: 295: 292: 286: 285: 282: 279: 276: 273: 269: 268: 267:10,000 (1893) 265: 262: 259: 256: 250: 249: 246: 243: 240: 237: 231: 230: 227: 224: 221: 218: 212: 211: 208: 205: 202: 199: 185: 182: 143: 140: 114: 113: 108: 105: 102: 101: 96: 93: 90: 89: 86: 83: 80: 79: 77: 76: 73:United Kingdom 68: 66: 62: 61: 55: 51: 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1165:Williams 1998 1161: 1159: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1135: 1129: 1122: 1116: 1108: 1101: 1094: 1090: 1085: 1081: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1016: 1015:Enoch Morrell 1012: 1010: 1006: 1004: 1003:William Brace 1000: 999: 988: 985: 983: 979: 976: 973: 970: 967: 964: 961: 959: 958:Oliver Harris 955: 953: 949: 948: 938: 934: 931: 929: 925: 922: 919: 917: 913: 911: 907: 905: 904:Arthur Horner 901: 899: 895: 893: 892:Enoch Morrell 889: 887: 883: 881: 877: 875: 874:William Brace 871: 869: 865: 864: 852: 850: 845: 843: 839: 834: 832: 828: 820: 817: 815:Monmouthshire 814: 811: 808: 807: 806: 799: 793: 791: 788: 785: 784: 780: 777: 774: 773: 769: 767: 764: 761: 760: 757: 748: 746: 743: 740: 739: 735: 733: 730: 727: 726: 723: 714: 712: 709: 706: 705: 701: 698: 695: 694: 691: 682: 680: 677: 674: 673: 669: 667: 664: 661: 660: 656: 653: 652: 648: 645: 644: 641: 632: 630: 624: 623: 619: 617: 614: 611: 610: 607: 598: 596: 593: 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1663:Collindridge 1397: 1389: 1357: 1284: 1276: 1268: 1263: 1255: 1239: 1223: 1218: 1195: 1191: 1186:, pp.74, 334 1183: 1149: 1141: 1133: 1128: 1120: 1119:Lewis, E.D. 1115: 1106: 1100: 1084: 1021:S. O. Davies 936: 916:Will Paynter 846: 841: 835: 824: 804: 797: 790:Created 1900 789: 786:Saundersfoot 766:Created 1899 765: 745:Created 1899 744: 732:Created 1898 731: 679:Created 1898 678: 666:Created 1899 665: 612:Rhondda No.1 595:Created 1898 594: 582:Created 1903 581: 569:Created 1898 568: 529:Created 1908 528: 466: 462: 449:Labour Party 426: 419: 411: 402: 398: 371:2,500 (1893) 352: 317:3,000 (1890) 187: 165:David Morgan 163:, J. Jones, 145: 135: 119: 117: 54:Headquarters 18: 2006:South Wales 1975:Lanarkshire 1951:North Wales 1817:En. Edwards 1752:Eb. Edwards 1615:Eb. Edwards 1496:Eb. Edwards 1472:En. Edwards 1448:(MFGB) and 1200:John Davies 982:Dai Francis 944:Secretaries 555:No.3: Garw 540:Port Talbot 525:Afan Valley 408:Early years 173:John Davies 142:Forerunners 132:South Wales 128:coal miners 124:trade union 57:Maesycoed, 2072:Categories 1930:Shropshire 1876:Derbyshire 1871:Cumberland 1835:Richardson 1809:Treasurers 1776:Heathfield 1458:Presidents 1076:References 1036:Alf Davies 910:Alf Davies 860:Presidents 855:Leadership 491:Anthracite 477:Forerunner 184:Foundation 94:Key people 88:102 (2016) 59:Pontypridd 46:1898-10-24 2057:1984–1985 2011:Yorkshire 1856:Cleveland 1675:Schofield 707:Ebbw Vale 625:Aberdare 460:of 1910. 84:Members 1996:Somerset 1990:Stirling 1965:Ayrshire 1961:Scotland 1920:Old Hill 1782:Scargill 1687:Thompson 1669:Bullough 1657:T. Jones 1651:E. Jones 1627:J. Jones 1609:Richards 1544:Scargill 1520:E. Jones 1508:J. Jones 1490:Richards 640:Aberdare 559:Bridgend 456:and the 65:Location 2020:Strikes 1925:Pelsall 1861:Cokemen 1851:Bristol 1823:Abraham 1800:Kitchen 1788:Vacant? 1764:Paynter 1705:Stanley 1681:McGahey 1639:Lawther 1579:Smillie 1538:Gormley 1514:Lawther 1478:Smillie 1466:Pickard 1381:Sources 1287:, p.184 1271:, p.513 1269:The Fed 1256:The Fed 1240:The Fed 821:Swansea 818:Rhymney 812:Maesteg 781:10,731 756:Crumlin 736:10,051 690:Bargoed 654:Merthyr 646:Dowlais 620:18,956 565:Maesteg 512:Western 506:Swansea 499:10,856 416:History 201:Founded 44: ( 36:Founded 1881:Durham 1829:Robson 1758:Horner 1740:Hodges 1734:Ashton 1717:Thomas 1711:Wilson 1693:Vacant 1645:Bowman 1633:Davies 1585:Harvey 1556:Wilson 1550:Lavery 1526:Machen 1404:  1226:, p.51 1210:  1152:, p.60 1052:1967: 1034:1943: 1025:1934: 1019:1925: 1013:1921: 1007:1912: 1001:1898: 980:1963: 956:1931: 950:1898: 935:1991: 926:1973: 914:1951: 908:1946: 902:1936: 896:1934: 890:1924: 884:1922: 878:1920: 872:1912: 866:1898: 770:6,155 749:4,284 741:Blaina 715:4,000 702:6,367 683:3,529 670:3,376 657:2,257 649:2,482 633:4,903 599:3,422 586:2,077 573:5,435 552:3,747 520:7,330 431:; MPs 393:5,588 374:1,917 303:3,500 248:6,050 204:Joined 1833:1921 1827:1918 1821:1904 1815:1889 1798:2007 1792:2002 1786:1992 1780:1992 1774:1984 1768:1968 1762:1959 1756:1946 1750:1932 1744:1924 1738:1919 1732:1889 1715:2012 1709:2010 1703:2002 1697:1992 1691:1989 1685:1987 1679:1973 1673:1969 1667:1963 1661:1961 1655:1954 1649:1950 1643:1939 1637:1934 1631:1933 1625:1932 1619:1931 1613:1929 1607:1924 1603:Walsh 1601:1922 1597:Smith 1595:1917 1591:House 1589:1914 1583:1912 1577:1909 1573:Woods 1571:1889 1554:2012 1548:2002 1542:1982 1536:1971 1530:1960 1524:1960 1518:1954 1512:1939 1506:1934 1500:1932 1494:1931 1488:1929 1484:Smith 1482:1922 1476:1912 1470:1904 1464:1889 1452:(NUM) 1070:1989: 606:Porth 533:2,600 390:4,540 335:6,059 300:2,500 245:3,500 226:7,000 198:Union 2052:1974 2047:1972 2042:1969 2037:1926 2032:1912 2027:1893 1891:Kent 1794:Kemp 1770:Daly 1746:Cook 1699:Cave 1532:Ford 1402:ISBN 1208:ISBN 794:356 546:Garw 443:and 387:1898 384:1872 368:1898 365:1893 357:500 349:1898 346:1897 332:1898 329:1887 314:1898 311:1880 297:1898 294:1884 284:186 278:1900 275:1892 261:1898 258:1872 242:1898 239:1882 229:500 223:1898 220:1882 146:The 126:for 118:The 1621:Lee 1502:Lee 1091:, " 353:N/A 338:70 130:in 2074:: 1292:^ 1283:, 1247:^ 1231:^ 1202:, 1198:. 1182:, 1172:^ 1157:^ 1148:, 851:. 833:. 439:, 435:, 281:55 167:, 138:. 1992:) 1963:( 1942:) 1908:( 1438:e 1431:t 1424:v 1410:. 1095:" 48:)

Index


Pontypridd
United Kingdom
National Union of Mineworkers
trade union
coal miners
South Wales
Amalgamated Association of Miners
Cambrian Miners' Association
William Abraham
Daronwy Isaac
David Morgan
Alfred Onions
John Davies
Thomas Richards
South Wales miners' strike of 1898
Aberdare, Merthyr and Dowlais Miners' Association
Anthracite Miners' Association
Cambrian Miners' Association
Ebbw Vale and Sirhowy Colliery Workmen's Association
Monmouthshire and South Wales Miners' Association
Western Miners' Association
Miners' Federation of Great Britain
Liberal Party
Thomas Richards
William Abraham
John Williams
William Brace
Labour Party
Cambrian Combine Dispute

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