485:
556:
524:
668:
620:
508:
636:
540:
588:
492:
604:
652:
572:
333:
In its last three years, the
Southern Association was plagued by frequent franchise shifts. Little Rock moved to Shreveport after the 1958 season, and New Orleans moved to Little Rock after the 1959 season. Memphis' park burned down just before the 1960 season, forcing the Chicks to play in several
360:
in 1966. Macon, a longtime member of the Sally League, returned to that circuit in 1962. After a one-year hiatus, Nashville and
Chattanooga joined the Sally League in 1963. Later in the decade, Birmingham (1964) and Mobile (1966) joined the Southern League, and Memphis and Shreveport (both in 1968)
320:
The
Southern Association then played the rest of its history, through the end of 1961, as a racially segregated league. Partly due to this, its Major-League parent clubs were among the last to integrate during the 1950s, a period when African-Americans and Latin-American players of African descent
705:
While a league pennant winner was crowned each season, some seasons (1928 and 1932–61) also concluded with either the top two or four teams in the league competing in playoffs to determine a league champion. These playoffs varied between being best-of-five and best-of-seven contests. The
722:
captured the most, with nine—dominating the league with six straight championships from 1939 to 1944. They are followed by
Atlanta, with six playoff titles. Combining both pennants and playoffs, the Crackers won the most (21), with the Vols trailing them with 17. On the other hand, the
753:
In both 1940 and 1944 league leaders tried to start a minor football league, with plan to draw crowds of 15,000 to 20,000, but both attempts were cancelled at the early stages.
968:
727:, charter members of the association, won only one title during their 54 years in the league—with that coming during the Southern Association's final, 1961 campaign.
1013:
305:
of the 1954 Atlanta
Crackers, the only black player in the league's history. On April 9–10, 1954, Peeples played in two road games in Mobile, and went
1008:
983:
742:
736:
1003:
827:
998:
19:
This article is about the minor league baseball league that operated from 1901 to 1961. For the original league that preceded it, see
321:
were beginning to dominate Major League
Baseball. By the end of the 1950s, the SA was the target of a boycott by activists of the
993:
988:
700:
978:
777:
594:
413:
227:
203:
was not descended from the
Southern Association; the modern SL came into existence in 1964 as the successor to the original
973:
714:
of the minors," won the
Southern Association pennant 13 times, the most among all teams. They are followed by the
341:
Member cities slowly began to join remaining leagues, which were racially integrated. The
Atlanta club moved up to the
200:
24:
812:
484:
31:
715:
455:
254:
235:
20:
943:
914:
854:
Fenster, Kenneth, "Earl Mann, Nat
Peeples, and the Failed Attempt of Integration in the Southern Association,"
683:
963:
838:
175:
from 1901 through 1961. For most of its existence, the Southern Association was two steps below the
853:
802:
562:
401:
322:
223:
176:
172:
165:
724:
530:
389:
353:
345:
290:
219:
147:
210:
A stable, eight-team loop, the Southern Association's member teams typically included the
8:
929:
342:
314:
278:
192:
188:
57:
51:
842:
349:
184:
180:
69:
63:
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910:
808:
773:
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626:
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467:
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395:
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247:
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215:
711:
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461:
370:
298:
211:
286:
274:
719:
642:
449:
335:
306:
282:
231:
957:
578:
407:
294:
169:
610:
426:
357:
258:
243:
718:, with nine pennants. As far as playoff championships are concerned, the
302:
262:
944:"Will Birmingham play in a Southern Association owned football league?"
338:, for 1961. The league finally ceased operation after the 1961 season.
377:
and various other names depending on which newspaper was covering them
930:"Will Birmingham play in the Southern Professional Football League?"
745:
was given to honor the best player in the league from 1936 to 1961.
83:
804:
The Chattanooga Lookouts & 100 Seasons of Scenic City Baseball
356:
from 1964 to 1965, before making a permanent home in the Double-A
310:
416:(1901–1960) – short for "Chickasaws" and at times known as the
317:
of the Sally League before the Crackers played a home game.
16:
Minor league baseball league that operated from 1901 to 1961
748:
352:), moving to the International circuit in 1963 and the
293:, the Southern Association continued to adhere to the
313:. He was demoted to the already-integrated, Single-A
253:
The Association was formed from the remnants of the
969:
Defunct minor baseball leagues in the United States
348:in 1962. Little Rock followed suit (as the renamed
907:The Southern League: Baseball in Dixie, 1885–1994
955:
856:NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture,
772:(2nd ed.). Durham, N.C.: Baseball America.
439:(1903–1914; 1943; 1956) – at times known as the
301:ever played a meaningful game during this time:
737:Southern Association Most Valuable Player Award
470:(1901–1907; 1959–1961) – at times known as the
195:(1946–1961). Although the SA was known as the
730:
767:
404:(1901–1909; 1915–1956; 1957-1958; 1960–1961)
1014:1961 disestablishments in the United States
768:Johnson, Lloyd; Wolff, Miles, eds. (1997).
904:
869:
867:
865:
770:The Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball
238:. The eighth club was usually either the
1009:1901 establishments in the United States
984:Baseball leagues in Georgia (U.S. state)
297:segregation laws of the time. Only one
900:
898:
862:
800:
268:
956:
701:List of Southern Association champions
429:(1908–1931; 1944–1961) – known as the
334:temporary facilities before moving to
1004:Sports leagues disestablished in 1961
749:Southern Professional Football League
895:
383:(1901–1961) – at times known as the
373:(1902–1961) – at times known as the
328:
688:Southern Association team locations
555:
523:
13:
999:Sports leagues established in 1901
667:
619:
507:
23:. For the later minor league, see
14:
1025:
635:
539:
392:(1901–1902; 1910–1943; 1944–1961)
199:through 1919, the later Double-A
666:
650:
634:
618:
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483:
909:, Eakin Press, pp. 306–7,
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491:
364:
936:
922:
847:
832:
821:
794:
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441:Black Sox, Senators, Climbers,
25:Southern League (1964–present)
1:
994:Baseball leagues in Tennessee
989:Baseball leagues in Louisiana
882:Southern Association Baseball
756:
651:
571:
979:Baseball leagues in Arkansas
694:
7:
974:Baseball leagues in Alabama
858:Vol. 12, No. 2, Spring 2004
361:entered the Texas circuit.
21:Southern League (1885–1899)
10:
1030:
743:Most Valuable Player Award
734:
731:Most Valuable Player Award
698:
29:
18:
801:Martini, Stephen (2005).
141:
133:
125:
107:
95: (123 years ago)
89:
79:
42:
113: (63 years ago)
30:Not to be confused with
710:, termed by some the "
164:) was a higher-level
905:O'Neal, Bill (1994),
402:Little Rock Travelers
323:Civil Rights Movement
265:, and Charley Frank.
224:Little Rock Travelers
158:Southern Association'
964:Southern Association
725:Chattanooga Lookouts
716:New Orleans Pelicans
684:class=notpageimage|
456:New Orleans Pelicans
390:Chattanooga Lookouts
354:Pacific Coast League
346:International League
291:International League
269:Resisted integration
236:New Orleans Pelicans
220:Chattanooga Lookouts
148:Chattanooga Lookouts
38:Southern Association
315:Jacksonville Braves
39:
843:Baseball Reference
350:Arkansas Travelers
207:("Sally") League.
173:organized baseball
37:
779:978-0-9637189-8-3
468:Shreveport Sports
437:Montgomery Rebels
396:Knoxville Smokies
381:Birmingham Barons
329:Disbanded in 1961
248:Shreveport Sports
240:Knoxville Smokies
216:Birmingham Barons
191:(1936–1945), and
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712:New York Yankees
708:Atlanta Crackers
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494:
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462:Selma Christians
371:Atlanta Crackers
299:African-American
212:Atlanta Crackers
179:; it was graded
121:
119:
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96:
40:
36:
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367:
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287:Montreal Royals
275:Jackie Robinson
271:
257:(1885–1899) by
255:Southern League
201:Southern League
197:Southern League
143:
117:
115:
112:
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97:
94:
75:
35:
32:Southern League
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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747:
735:Main article:
732:
729:
720:Nashville Vols
699:Main article:
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497:
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489:
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481:
480:
479:
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450:Nashville Vols
447:
434:
424:
414:Memphis Chicks
411:
405:
399:
393:
387:
378:
366:
363:
336:Macon, Georgia
330:
327:
270:
267:
232:Nashville Vols
228:Memphis Chicks
205:South Atlantic
152:
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145:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
109:
105:
104:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
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74:
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67:
61:
55:
49:
46:
44:
43:Classification
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1026:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
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985:
982:
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977:
975:
972:
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965:
962:
961:
959:
945:
939:
931:
925:
918:
912:
908:
901:
899:
887:September 21,
883:
876:
870:
868:
866:
859:
857:
850:
844:
840:
835:
829:
824:
816:
814:9780557279272
810:
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781:
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771:
766:
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760:
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746:
744:
738:
728:
726:
721:
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713:
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660:
644:
628:
612:
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580:
564:
548:
532:
516:
500:
486:
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469:
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460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
446:
442:
438:
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432:
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423:
419:
415:
412:
409:
408:Macon Peaches
406:
403:
400:
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391:
388:
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382:
379:
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372:
369:
368:
362:
359:
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326:
324:
318:
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308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:color barrier
276:
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251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
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202:
198:
194:
190:
187:(1902–1935),
186:
182:
178:
177:Major Leagues
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
149:
146:
140:
137:United States
136:
132:
128:
124:
110:
106:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
71:
68:
65:
62:
59:
56:
53:
50:
48:
47:
45:
41:
33:
26:
22:
938:
924:
906:
885:. Retrieved
881:
855:
849:
834:
823:
803:
796:
769:
752:
740:
704:
687:
475:
471:
444:
440:
430:
427:Mobile Bears
421:
417:
384:
374:
365:Member teams
358:Texas League
340:
332:
319:
272:
259:Abner Powell
252:
244:Mobile Bears
209:
204:
196:
166:minor league
161:
157:
155:
126:No. of teams
839:Information
563:Little Rock
531:Chattanooga
458:(1901–1959)
452:(1901–1961)
398:(1931–1944)
385:Iron Barons
303:Nat Peeples
263:Newt Fisher
144:champion(s)
66:(1902–1935)
60:(1936–1945)
54:(1946–1961)
958:Categories
916:0890159521
875:"Timeline"
757:References
675:Shreveport
627:Montgomery
515:Birmingham
277:broke the
695:Champions
643:Nashville
547:Knoxville
445:Billikens
422:Egyptians
285:with the
828:milb.com
788:Specific
343:Triple-A
309:in four
295:Jim Crow
193:Double-A
189:Class A1
183:(1901),
170:American
84:Baseball
58:Class A1
52:Double-A
762:General
595:Memphis
499:Atlanta
476:Pirates
433:in 1931
431:Marines
418:Turtles
375:Firemen
311:at bats
307:hitless
289:of the
185:Class A
181:Class B
134:Country
116: (
98: (
90:Founded
70:Class B
64:Class A
913:
811:
776:
611:Mobile
472:Giants
464:(1901)
410:(1961)
273:After
234:, and
150:(1961)
108:Ceased
72:(1901)
878:(PDF)
659:Selma
579:Macon
246:, or
80:Sport
911:ISBN
889:2015
809:ISBN
774:ISBN
741:The
474:and
443:and
420:and
283:1946
156:The
142:Last
118:1961
111:1961
100:1901
93:1901
841:at
281:in
168:in
960::
897:^
880:.
864:^
807:.
325:.
261:,
250:.
242:,
230:,
226:,
222:,
218:,
214:,
162:SA
129:13
946:.
932:.
891:.
817:.
782:.
160:(
120:)
102:)
34:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.