671:
600:
681:") is the notion of having control over one's conditions of existence, whether at the level of the self, social group, region, nation or globe. Typically used for describing the acquiring or preserving political independence of a nation or a region, a sovereigntist aims to "take back control" from perceived powerful forces, either against internal subversive minority groups (ethnic, sexual or gender), or from external global governance institutions,
1254:
1151:, seen as a collapse of borders protecting them from being engulfed culturally, economically and politically by Europe and the West. As a cultural and political protector against threatening Western powers, the idea of a sovereign union of multiple peoples under Russia's leadership has been employed as a legitimation theory for imperial expansion. This usage predates the Soviet Union, tracing back to
705:
Sovereigntism has a cultural as well as political component and can take the form of hostility towards outsiders having different values or different countries or regions of origin. Sovereigntist groups are associated with populism since they typically claim legitimacy for carrying out the sovereign
1122:
has espoused the current
Russian sovereigntist view of a political, economic, and cultural battle between sovereign peoples of Russia on one side, and on the other- transnational institutions with their neoliberal and cosmopolitan ideologies undermining Russia's sovereignty and cultural existence.
1036:
adopted the
Sovereignty Protection Act, which creates a new government agency, called the Sovereignty Protection Office, to be established by February 1, 2024. It will have broad powers to investigate alleged attacks on Hungarian sovereignty, including the activities of civic organizations supported
709:
Though there are wide differences in ideology and historical context between sovereigntist movements, those of the twenty first century can be thought of as belonging to three separate categories: conservative sovereigntism, archeo-sovereigntism, and neo-sovereigntism. Conservative sovereignism
714:
model of sovereignty seeking to preserve the interstate order with norms promoting global economic order but halting further advances towards political integration. Some vestiges of colonialism remain, with old powers retaining what they see as historical special responsibilities to intervene in
855:
completely (or oppose joining it) and (on the other), those who aim for a "Europe of the nations", a less integrated Europe respecting the individual characteristics and sovereignty of constituent states. Supporters of these doctrines tend to regard themselves as Euro-realists opposed to the
1461:
concept of the sovereign people refers exclusively to a specifically defined
Christian community that "invites people of different backgrounds to unite under a common 'American' sense of self". Similar to the perspective of Putinism, those individuals who maintain a separate minority
706:
will of the people. While leftist sovereigntists tend to think of their national border as a defensive line against the corrosive effects of neo-liberal economics, right wing sovereigntists see it more as a filter protecting the sovereign people from undesired new members.
731:. It seeks to strengthen norms and agreements protecting the independence of each state, granting their equality, and restraining more powerful states from attempts to influence the behavior of other nations. Archeo-sovereigntism is the most radical, rejecting forces of
1452:
A more extreme conservative view of popular sovereignty involves a radical unwinding of centralized government and an expansion of regional sovereignty, where freedoms are controlled at the local level, not adjudicated at the federal level. From the perspective of the
672:
1466:
are not only excluded, but are regarded as a threat to the majority's sovereignty, especially when they seek legal redress for violation of their human rights as defined by constitutional and international norms.
1853:
De
Spiegeleire, Stephan; Skinner, Clarissa; Sweijs, Tim; Novak, Ekaterina (2017). "The Rise of Populist Sovereignism: What It Is, Where It Comes from, and What It Means for International Security and Defense".
2146:
McGovern, Clare J., Separatist
Parties in National Parliaments: The Scottish National Party and the Bloc Québécois (2009). APSA 2009 Toronto Meeting Paper, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1451747
735:
and restraints on states by transnational bodies, norms and agreements, calling for a return to a pre- World War II order when states were freer from such interference. Examples in Europe include the
1427:
action. Sovereigntism in foreign policy is charactized by opposition to multilateral regimes relating to climate change, war crimes, arms control and international declaration of human rights.
1891:
1127:, the "national wealth" of the multiethnic Russian peoples (its morality, values, memory of its forefathers and its culture) both defines and is protected by its sovereignty. Putin advisor
1913:
2098:
1878:
1902:
860:. (The European Union is not a federation but shares many characteristics of one.) Thus, sovereigntism in Europe is opposed to federalism and typically involves
1892:
https://www.eunews.it/en/2024/07/10/there-is-another-group-in-the-eu-parliament-even-further-to-the-right-than-the-patriots-it-is-europe-of-sovereign-nations/
1914:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293803821_Populism_in_Greece_The_case_of_the_Popular_Orthodox_Rally_in_the_recent_European_elections_of_May_2014
1445:
The needs of the
American people come first before any other concern of government. Any other prioritization violates the sovereignty of the people.
2066:
1448:
Sovereigntism is used partisan weapon, where anyone who differs with
Trumpian formulations of sovereignty are identified as political enemies.
896:
889:
1180:
628:
2157:
1725:
Azmanova, Albena (2022). "Populism and the
Recasting of the Ideological Landscape of Liberal Democracies". In Oswald, Michael (ed.).
1032:
party, in power since 2010, have increasingly followed a sovereigntist policy against the
European Union. On December 12, 2023, the
2418:
1903:
https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-institutions/news/le-rn-devrait-rejoindre-le-groupe-de-viktor-orban-au-parlement-europeen/
2049:
1423:, US sovereigntism is largely a conservative perspective, celebrating both American self-definition and liberty to engage in
2321:
2022:
1742:
1577:
1301:
918:
901:
885:
748:
496:
1283:
102:
2408:
1476:
1439:
1188:
720:
2403:
2227:
1279:
1275:
621:
491:
269:
117:
31:
1176:
1131:
articulated the threat to "sovereign democracy" posed by international organizations serving the interest of
990:
506:
851:, sovereigntist populisms political movements divide (on the one hand) between those that seek to leave the
1184:
723:, especially against more privileged nations with concentrated power in transnational entities such as the
255:
87:
58:
17:
1659:"The new sovereigntism and transnational law: Legal utopianism, democratic scepticism and statist realism"
2413:
2122:
1512:
1494:
1327:
1033:
559:
1147:, Georgian and Ukrainian sovereignty could not be respected since it had already been lost due to their
1729:(e-book ed.). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave MacMillan- Springer Nature Switzerland AG. p. 383.
92:
63:
1779:
1438:
World order and peace is best secured by sovereign states looking after themselves, as opposed to the
1164:
614:
219:
2241:"Law as Affiliation: Foreign Law, Democratic Federalism, and the Sovereigntism of the Nation-State"
1568:
Minakov, Mikhail (2022). "Sovereignty as a
Contested Concept: The Cases of Trumpism and Putinism".
1264:
744:
334:
224:
1943:"Coherent or Incoherent? Italian Sovereignist Parties in Front of Supranational Crisis Management"
2345:
Ettinger, Aaron (2020). "Principled realism and populist sovereignty in Trump's foreign policy".
1420:
1268:
1216:
1208:
958:
924:
711:
264:
2190:
1500:
1078:
1012:
1004:
938:
928:
501:
443:
389:
1942:
1379:
1338:, have preferred the terms "sovereignty" and "sovereigntist" over other common names such as
1096:
934:
321:
154:
982:
Parties with tendencies that could be described also as sovereigntists can also be found in
2398:
1403:
1361:
1357:
950:
Parties with tendencies that could be described also as sovereigntist can be also found in
758:
outlining these three major tendencies, researchers Alles and Badie summarised them thus:
431:
302:
292:
277:
204:
122:
1175:
In the Parliament of Catalonia, parties explicitly supporting independence from Spain are
697:
movements, but has also been used to justify violating the independence of other nations.
8:
1416:
1375:
1343:
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1156:
1113:
1100:
1082:
962:
906:
724:
716:
686:
543:
453:
307:
209:
159:
97:
1780:"Populism, Sovereigntism, and the Unlikely Re-Emergence of the Territorial Nation-State"
1395:
2362:
2290:
1989:
1970:"Geographical Metanarratives in Russia and the European East: Contemporary Pan-Slavism"
1859:
1802:
1748:
1680:
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2018:
1993:
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1463:
1339:
1315:
1148:
1092:
576:
250:
112:
107:
68:
41:
1503: â Ideology that seeks to promote subnational administrative division interests
1199:
Parties with policies that could be described as sovereigntist can be also found in
2354:
2282:
2202:
1981:
1794:
1730:
1670:
1609:
1555:
1385:
1382:
and social democratic, represents Quebec separatism in Canada's federal parliament)
1369:
1128:
526:
282:
136:
2358:
2191:"The right to self-determination in Ireland and the justification of IRA violence"
1925:
2039:
665:
653:
604:
586:
411:
396:
1025:
2067:"Separatist parties set to lose power in Catalan regional election, polls show"
1985:
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1389:
732:
406:
384:
359:
189:
2228:
https://www.politico.com/news/2023/03/10/quebec-sovereignty-polling-00086428
1559:
1524:
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694:
690:
169:
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and become an independent country. Many leaders in the movement, notably
1222:
1212:
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966:
861:
678:
473:
438:
341:
329:
194:
2294:
2271:"The New Sovereigntists: American Exceptionalism and Its False Prophets"
599:
2270:
1613:
1518:
1506:
1086:
998:
719:. Amongst rising powers, neo-sovereigntism is concerned with issues of
682:
563:
553:
548:
287:
149:
1143:
order controlled by the United States. According to the ideology of
876:
where parties on the left and right margins lean strongly towards it.
2286:
1570:
Inventing Majorities: Ideological Creativity in Post-Soviet Societies
1204:
1060:
740:
448:
346:
229:
184:
164:
2322:"It's not just Trump. Much of America has turned its back on Europe"
1969:
1253:
762:
Three coexisting types of sovereigntism in the post-bipolar context
1458:
1431:
1144:
1124:
1068:
1050:
571:
531:
214:
199:
179:
48:
1491: â Political ideology that promotes the interests of a nation
1541:"Sovereigntism in the International System: From Change to Split"
951:
486:
144:
1852:
27:
Ideology supporting political independence of a nation or region
2373:
1430:
The dominant US sovereigntist perspective is currently that of
1331:
1319:
1155:âs origins in the 16th century, later becoming integrated with
1029:
983:
873:
869:
848:
536:
478:
376:
2017:(e-book ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 37â38.
1346:, although this terminology may be objected to by opponents.
856:
Euro-federalists and call for a more confederal version of a
1136:
1132:
842:
1949:
1708:
1706:
2123:"Separatism on the rise: The role of regional resources"
1825:
1703:
2301:
2156:
Times, Roy Reed Special to The New York (1977-04-22).
1813:
1759:
2158:"In Land of Plaid Cymru, Wales Is Very Much a Nation"
1926:"Party Sovereignist Entrepreneurship in EU countries"
1691:
1638:
892:
have been formed which contain sovereignist parties:
715:
former possessions, such as in the case of Russia's
1879:"Europeanist Parties Prevail in European Elections"
1787:
Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences
1509: â Advocacy for separation from a larger group
2041:Putin's Wars: The Rise of Russia's New Imperialism
2015:Putin's Wars: The Rise of Russia's New Imperialism
1626:
1521: â Rights and obligations of a dominant state
1479: â Acquiring or preserving political autonomy
2390:
1457:and continuing among followers of Trumpism, the
1598:"A note on populism and global systemic crisis"
1485: â Body of criticism of the European Union
1858:. Hague Centre for Strategic Studies: iiâxvi.
622:
2044:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 35â43.
1211:(with respect to the European Union through
2245:International Journal of Constitutional Law
1650:
1442:of interdependent and integrated countries.
1330:, which argues for Quebec to separate from
1282:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1228:
1220:
890:political groups in the European Parliament
2188:
2037:
2012:
1831:
1712:
1538:
1527: â State subordinate to another state
629:
615:
2347:Cambridge Review of International Affairs
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1674:
1539:Alles, Delphine; Badie, Bertrand (2016).
1302:Learn how and when to remove this message
2344:
1765:
1724:
1656:
1595:
1548:European Review of International Studies
843:Sovereigntist populist parties in Europe
756:European Review of International Studies
2379:
2307:
1955:
1937:
1935:
1819:
1697:
1644:
1567:
1515: â Movement to achieve sovereignty
14:
2391:
1967:
1876:
1837:
1777:
1669:(1). Cambridge University Press: 109.
1632:
2268:
2155:
2064:
1181:ConvergĂšncia DemocrĂ tica de Catalunya
897:European Conservatives and Reformists
693:, and can be associated with certain
689:. It generally leans instead toward
664:
1932:
1497: â Quebec independence movement
1280:adding citations to reliable sources
1247:
2319:
2238:
767:Contemporary types of sovereigntism
24:
2320:Ash, Timothy Garton (2018-09-28).
1870:
25:
2430:
2189:Macfarlane, Leslie (March 1990).
1856:The Rise of Populist Sovereignism
1727:The Palgrave Handbook of Populism
1194:
1185:Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya
919:Sovereign Right (French politics)
886:2024 European Parliament election
879:
700:
497:Biology and political orientation
2195:Terrorism and Political Violence
1974:Eurasian Geography and Economics
1410:
1252:
1238:
598:
2419:Political terminology in Canada
2338:
2313:
2262:
2232:
2221:
2182:
2149:
2140:
2115:
2091:
2058:
2031:
2006:
1961:
1918:
1907:
1896:
1885:
1477:Autonomism (political doctrine)
1440:rules-based international order
1326:or sovereigntism refers to the
2038:Van Herpen, Marcel H. (2014).
2013:Van Herpen, Marcel H. (2014).
1968:Suslov, Mikhail (2013-05-15).
1771:
1718:
1589:
1388:(centre-left, nationalist and
492:Theories of political behavior
118:Political history of the world
32:Sovereigntism (disambiguation)
13:
1:
2359:10.1080/09557571.2019.1659229
1531:
507:Critique of political economy
1572:. Stuttgart: ibidem-Verlag.
1415:Coupled with its history of
1189:Candidatura d'Unitat Popular
1179:(JxCat), heir of the former
1170:
870:withdrew from the EU in 2020
754:In a paper published in the
88:Outline of political science
7:
1596:Friedman, Jonathan (2018).
1513:Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)
1495:Quebec sovereignty movement
1470:
1328:Quebec sovereignty movement
1034:Hungarian National Assembly
902:Europe of Sovereign Nations
677:, meaning "the ideology of
10:
2435:
1986:10.2747/1539-7216.53.5.575
1778:Kallis, Aristotle (2018).
1434:and has three dimensions:
1111:
1019:
945:
916:
823:Conservative sovereigntism
779:Approach of globalisation
93:Index of politics articles
29:
2207:10.1080/09546559008427049
2065:Jones, Sam (2024-05-12).
1799:10.1007/s40647-018-0233-z
1735:10.1007/978-3-030-80803-7
1676:10.1017/S2045381716000010
1349:
1243:
1107:
977:
912:
770:Conception of sovereignty
2382:, pp. 295â296, 305.
2269:Spiro, Peter J. (2000).
1832:Alles & Badie (2016)
1713:Alles & Badie (2016)
1663:Global Constitutionalism
1657:Benhabib, Seyla (2016).
1040:
833:Emergence of challengers
1560:10.3224/eris.v3i1.26004
1421:American exceptionalism
1217:Scottish National Party
1209:Conservative Party (UK)
959:Alternative for Germany
502:Political organisations
265:International relations
103:Politics by subdivision
2409:Conservatism in France
1501:Regionalism (politics)
1229:
1227:(Party of Wales), and
1221:
1177:Together for Catalonia
1013:religious conservatism
1005:Popular Orthodox Rally
939:right-wing nationalist
929:right-wing nationalist
864:, particularly in the
710:embraces the national
657:
2404:Political terminology
2099:"Reform UK Manifesto"
1602:Economic Anthropology
1235:in Northern Ireland.
1167:in the 19th century.
1112:Further information:
1097:National conservatism
666:[su.vÊÉ.nism]
582:Political campaigning
322:Public administration
155:Collective leadership
1404:democratic socialist
1276:improve this section
1207:and the Johnson-led
804:Archeo sovereigntism
747:in Denmark, and the
687:supranational unions
432:Separation of powers
303:Political psychology
278:Comparative politics
256:political scientists
243:Academic disciplines
123:Political philosophy
30:For other uses, see
1165:Orthodox messianism
1157:Russian nationalism
1114:Sovereign democracy
1101:Right-wing populism
1083:Right-wing populism
907:Patriots for Europe
763:
725:UN security council
717:invasion of Ukraine
605:Politics portal
454:Election commission
425:Government branches
308:Political sociology
160:Confessional system
98:Politics by country
2414:Politics of Quebec
2162:The New York Times
1958:, p. 306-307.
1614:10.1002/sea2.12108
1055:left-wing populism
1047:Five Star Movement
1009:ethnic nationalist
995:ethnic nationalist
761:
288:Political analysis
220:Semi-parliamentary
2239:Resnick, Judith.
2051:978-1-4422-3138-2
1370:social democratic
1316:Canadian province
1312:
1311:
1304:
1149:color revolutions
1093:Brothers of Italy
840:
839:
785:Neo-sovereigntism
639:
638:
587:Political parties
527:Electoral systems
251:Political science
225:Semi-presidential
137:Political systems
113:Political history
108:Political economy
16:(Redirected from
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1386:Option nationale
1307:
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1129:Vladislav Surkov
789:Self-affirmation
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745:Dansk Folk Party
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42:Politics series
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2380:Minakov (2022)
2372:
2353:(3): 410â431.
2337:
2312:
2310:, p. 297.
2308:Minakov (2022)
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2148:
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2005:
1980:(5): 575â595.
1960:
1956:Minakov (2022)
1948:
1931:
1917:
1906:
1895:
1884:
1869:
1836:
1824:
1822:, p. 292.
1820:Minakov (2022)
1812:
1770:
1768:, p. 167.
1758:
1743:
1717:
1702:
1700:, p. 299.
1698:Minakov (2022)
1690:
1649:
1647:, p. 307.
1645:Minakov (2022)
1637:
1625:
1587:
1586:
1578:
1565:
1564:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1483:Euroscepticism
1480:
1472:
1469:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1393:
1383:
1378:(centre-left,
1376:Bloc Québécois
1373:
1351:
1348:
1344:independentist
1310:
1309:
1292:September 2024
1260:
1258:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1201:United Kingdom
1196:
1195:United Kingdom
1193:
1172:
1169:
1141:unipolar world
1120:Vladimir Putin
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1090:
1076:
1073:Euroscepticism
1058:
1042:
1039:
1037:from abroad.
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1002:
979:
976:
975:
974:
947:
944:
943:
942:
937:(Gaullist and
932:
925:National Rally
914:
911:
910:
909:
904:
899:
881:
880:European Union
878:
866:United Kingdom
858:European Union
853:European Union
844:
841:
838:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
819:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
800:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
781:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
743:in Italy, the
737:Front National
702:
701:Classification
699:
637:
636:
634:
633:
626:
619:
611:
608:
607:
594:
593:
590:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
568:
567:
551:
546:
541:
540:
539:
529:
523:
519:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
476:
470:
467:Related topics
466:
465:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
451:
446:
441:
435:
434:
428:
424:
423:
422:
419:
418:
415:
414:
409:
404:
402:Foreign policy
399:
394:
381:
375:
374:
373:
370:
369:
366:
365:
364:
363:
349:
344:
339:
326:
320:
319:
318:
315:
314:
311:
310:
305:
300:
298:Policy studies
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
263:
261:
249:
246:
242:
241:
240:
237:
236:
233:
232:
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207:
202:
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177:
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141:
135:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
84:
81:Primary topics
80:
79:
78:
75:
74:
72:
71:
66:
61:
55:
52:
51:
45:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2431:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
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2381:
2376:
2368:
2364:
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2356:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2304:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2229:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2143:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2100:
2094:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2053:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2026:
2024:9781442231382
2020:
2016:
2009:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1952:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1888:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1864:resrep12603.3
1861:
1857:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1834:, p. 18.
1833:
1828:
1821:
1816:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1766:Azmanova 2022
1762:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1744:9783030808037
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1715:, p. 16.
1714:
1709:
1707:
1699:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1641:
1634:
1629:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1579:9783838216416
1575:
1571:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1419:and sense of
1418:
1411:United States
1405:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:René Lévesque
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:souverainisme
1321:
1317:
1306:
1303:
1295:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1261:This section
1259:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1239:North America
1236:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1224:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1203:; notably by
1202:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1000:
996:
992:
989:
988:
987:
985:
972:
968:
964:
960:
957:
956:
955:
953:
940:
936:
933:
930:
926:
923:
922:
920:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
893:
891:
887:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
854:
850:
835:
832:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
816:
814:Globalisation
813:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
797:
794:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
765:
759:
757:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:globalization
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
707:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
673:
667:
659:
658:souverainisme
655:
651:
647:
643:
642:Sovereigntism
632:
627:
625:
620:
618:
613:
612:
610:
609:
606:
601:
596:
595:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
565:
561:
557:
556:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
538:
535:
534:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
516:
515:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
484:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
463:
462:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
433:
430:
429:
421:
420:
413:
410:
408:
407:Civil society
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
391:
386:
385:Public policy
383:
382:
378:
372:
371:
361:
357:
353:
352:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
336:
331:
328:
327:
323:
317:
316:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
271:
266:
262:
257:
252:
248:
247:
239:
238:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
205:Parliamentary
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
190:Hybrid regime
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
142:
138:
132:
131:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
85:
77:
76:
70:
67:
65:
62:
60:
57:
56:
54:
53:
50:
47:
46:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2375:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2329:. Retrieved
2326:The Guardian
2325:
2315:
2303:
2278:
2274:
2264:
2253:. Retrieved
2248:
2244:
2234:
2223:
2201:(1): 35â53.
2198:
2194:
2184:
2173:. Retrieved
2161:
2151:
2142:
2131:. Retrieved
2129:. 2020-02-18
2126:
2117:
2106:. Retrieved
2104:. 2024-07-08
2093:
2082:. Retrieved
2071:The Guardian
2070:
2060:
2040:
2033:
2014:
2008:
1997:. Retrieved
1977:
1973:
1963:
1951:
1920:
1909:
1898:
1887:
1877:Lucio Levi.
1872:
1855:
1827:
1815:
1793:(3): 10,14.
1790:
1786:
1773:
1761:
1726:
1720:
1693:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1640:
1635:, p. 3.
1628:
1617:. Retrieved
1605:
1601:
1591:
1569:
1566:
1554:(2): 16â18.
1551:
1547:
1525:Vassal state
1451:
1429:
1417:isolationism
1414:
1353:
1323:
1313:
1298:
1289:
1274:Please help
1262:
1198:
1174:
1118:Since 2006,
1117:
1065:Conservatism
1026:Viktor OrbĂĄn
1023:
981:
971:conservative
949:
935:The Patriots
883:
846:
822:
803:
784:
755:
753:
708:
704:
695:independence
691:isolationism
650:souverainism
649:
646:sovereignism
645:
641:
640:
335:street-level
210:Presidential
170:Dictatorship
40:Part of the
18:Souverainism
2399:Sovereignty
2281:(6): 9â15.
1633:Kallis 2018
1489:Nationalism
1390:progressive
1380:nationalist
1366:nationalist
1362:centre-left
1223:Plaid Cymru
1213:hard Brexit
1187:(ERC), and
1161:imperialism
1153:Pan-slavism
991:Golden Dawn
967:nationalist
862:nationalism
817:Antagonist
808:Specificity
751:in the UK.
712:Westphalian
679:sovereignty
474:Sovereignty
439:Legislature
342:Technocracy
330:Bureaucracy
195:Meritocracy
175:Directorial
2393:Categories
2331:2022-07-02
2255:2022-07-01
2251:(1): 34â35
2175:2024-06-21
2133:2024-06-21
2108:2024-07-08
2084:2024-07-30
1999:2022-06-29
1619:2022-07-01
1608:(5): 136.
1532:References
1519:Suzerainty
1507:Separatism
1425:unilateral
1340:separatist
1139:, and the
1087:Federalism
999:neofascist
963:right-wing
917:See also:
884:After the
836:Selective
721:autonomism
683:federalism
662:pronounced
564:Governance
554:Government
549:Federalism
150:City-state
2367:203085341
2215:0954-6553
2170:0362-4331
2079:0261-3077
1994:155015782
1807:158092242
1753:244164991
1685:155699112
1455:tea party
1400:left-wing
1263:does not
1231:Sinn FĂ©in
1205:Reform UK
1171:Catalonia
1061:Lega Nord
872:) and in
830:Hierarchy
827:Normative
795:Hierarchy
741:Lega Nord
544:Unitarism
532:Elections
520:Subseries
449:Judiciary
444:Executive
347:Adhocracy
230:Theocracy
185:Feudalism
165:Democracy
2295:20049963
1471:See also
1464:identity
1459:populist
1432:Trumpism
1183:(CDC));
1145:Putinism
1125:Putinism
1069:Populism
1051:populist
1028:and his
811:Identity
798:Example
792:Equality
572:Ideology
390:doctrine
351:Service
215:Republic
200:Monarchy
180:Federacy
69:Category
49:Politics
1314:In the
1284:removed
1269:sources
1215:), the
1191:(CUP).
1020:Hungary
952:Germany
946:Germany
868:(which
776:Protest
577:Culture
487:Country
145:Anarchy
59:Outline
2365:
2293:
2213:
2168:
2077:
2048:
2021:
1992:
1862:
1805:
1751:
1741:
1683:
1576:
1350:Quebec
1332:Canada
1320:Quebec
1244:Canada
1135:, the
1108:Russia
1030:Fidesz
984:Greece
978:Greece
913:France
874:France
849:Europe
654:French
652:(from
537:voting
479:Polity
377:Policy
356:Public
270:theory
2363:S2CID
2291:JSTOR
2102:(PDF)
1990:S2CID
1860:JSTOR
1803:S2CID
1783:(PDF)
1749:S2CID
1681:S2CID
1544:(PDF)
1041:Italy
888:four
773:Claim
560:forms
483:State
360:Civil
64:Index
2211:ISSN
2166:ISSN
2127:CEPR
2075:ISSN
2046:ISBN
2019:ISBN
1739:ISBN
1574:ISBN
1368:and
1267:any
1265:cite
1219:and
1163:and
1137:OSCE
1133:NATO
1079:Lega
749:UKIP
685:and
2355:doi
2283:doi
2203:doi
1982:doi
1795:doi
1731:doi
1671:doi
1610:doi
1556:doi
1342:or
1318:of
1278:by
1123:In
847:In
727:or
648:or
2395::
2361:.
2351:33
2349:.
2324:.
2289:.
2279:79
2277:.
2273:.
2247:.
2243:.
2209:.
2197:.
2193:.
2164:.
2160:.
2125:.
2073:.
2069:.
1988:.
1978:53
1976:.
1972:.
1934:^
1839:^
1801:.
1791:11
1789:.
1785:.
1747:.
1737:.
1705:^
1679:.
1665:.
1661:.
1604:.
1600:.
1550:.
1546:.
1402:,
1364:,
1322:,
1159:,
1103:)
1099:,
1089:)
1085:,
1075:)
1071:,
1067:,
1057:)
1053:,
1015:)
1011:,
1001:)
997:,
986::
973:)
969:,
965:,
954::
931:)
729:G7
660:,
656::
644:,
562:/
485:/
481:/
358:/
2369:.
2357::
2334:.
2297:.
2285::
2258:.
2249:6
2217:.
2205::
2199:2
2178:.
2136:.
2111:.
2087:.
2054:.
2027:.
2002:.
1984::
1945:.
1928:.
1881:.
1866:.
1809:.
1797::
1755:.
1733::
1687:.
1673::
1667:5
1622:.
1612::
1606:5
1582:.
1562:.
1558::
1552:3
1406:)
1398:(
1392:)
1372:)
1360:(
1305:)
1299:(
1294:)
1290:(
1286:.
1272:.
1095:(
1081:(
1063:(
1049:(
1007:(
993:(
961:(
941:)
927:(
630:e
623:t
616:v
566:)
558:(
392:)
388:(
362:)
354:(
337:)
333:(
272:)
268:(
258:)
254:(
34:.
20:)
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