Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)

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Puerto Rico. The Free Association would be based on a free and voluntary political association, the specific terms of which shall be agreed upon between the United States and Puerto Rico as sovereign nations. Such agreement would provide the scope of the jurisdictional powers that the People of Puerto Rico agree to confer to the United States and retain all other jurisdictional powers and authorities. Under this option the American citizenship would be subject to negotiation with the United States Government; (2) Proclamation of Independence, I demand that the United States Government, in the exercise of its power to dispose of territory, recognize the national sovereignty of Puerto Rico as a completely independent nation and that the United States Congress enact the necessary legislation to initiate the negotiation and transition to the independent nation of Puerto Rico. My vote for Independence also represents my claim to the rights, duties, powers, and prerogatives of independent and democratic republics, my support of Puerto Rican citizenship, and a "Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation" between Puerto Rico and the United States after the transition process

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control its land and sea (up to 200 miles offshore) for jurisdictional, environmental and communication purposes. The United States dollar would continue in use while Puerto Rico determines the application of tariffs, and in exchange the American banking laws will still apply. To secure the newly obtained fiscal autonomy, the United States would agree to contribute to six key economic aspects for a period of 30 years; education, health, private sector development, non-profit groups, the environment, and public infrastructure. Afterwards, both sides would decide if they will continue or modify this agreement. Local law enforcement would take priority, but cooperation with federal agencies to deal with concerns such as drug traffic is established. The United States will continue to have the right to retain military bases in Puerto Rican soil, but in exchange would have to contribute in the efforts to correct the environmental damage left by military practices in Vieques and Culebra, and control the flow of mail, but the (unilaterally established) Federal Court would be replaced in a period of three years.

1526:"This option would establish Puerto Rico as a sovereign nation separate from, but legally bound (on a terminable basis) to, the United States. As a general practice, free association would be preceded by recognition that Puerto Rico is a self-governing sovereign nation not part of the United States, because compacts of free association are legal documents between sovereign nations. Free association could be accompanied by a transition period in which the United States would continue to administer certain services and provide assistance to the island for a period of time specified in the compact. Free association could be annulled at any time by either nation. Negotiations over free association would likely decide issues of trade, defense, currency, and economic aid." 1308: 936:), but (now governor) Hernández Colón dismissed the idea as one that contradicted the postures of his administration and stated that free association was only supported by a few "liberal quills" within the PPD and presented his own initiative excluding sovereignty as an element. Despite representing one of the earliest confrontations between the factions of the party and that the conservatives held most positions of influence, the ongoing faction skirmishes concluded with a new definition of "Commonwealth" being adopted by the General Council due to the initiative of liberal Carlos Vizcarrondo, stating that any future development would be "non colonial and non territorial". 1558:

request from the United States Department of Justice, "current status" was added back to the ballot. The option had been removed from the 2017 referendum in response to the results of the 2012 referendum in which remaining in the current status had been rejected. However, the Trump administration cited changes in demographics during the past 5 years to justify adding the option again. The referendum returned a result for statehood; but the result was considered invalid for low turnout, as a result of anti-statehood voters boycotting the referendum due to assertions in the wording of the ballot that were not acceptable to the anti-statehood parties.

118: 1536:"Puerto Rico should adopt a status outside of the Territory Clause of the Constitution of the United States that recognizes the sovereignty of the People of Puerto Rico. The Sovereign Free Associated State would be based on a free and voluntary political association, the specific terms of which shall be agreed upon between the United States and Puerto Rico as sovereign nations. Such agreement would provide the scope of the jurisdictional powers that the People of Puerto Rico agree to confer to the United States and retain all other jurisdictional powers and authorities." 916:

of was directly included in the negotiation between both parties. In 1976, PROELA became the first free association organization affiliated to the PPD. The latter years of this decade brought forth a resolution where the UN's Decolonization Committee weighted on the possibility of Puerto Rico becoming an associated free state, which concluded that it was a viable option. Despite this, the topic remained unattended within the PPD while the pro-statehood PNP began a preemptive campaign where it likened free association to independence and the Soviet Union.

711:. At the moment Fernós expected that the territorial clause would not apply after reclaiming sovereignty, due to the fact that the United States never incorporated Puerto Rico. During the original negotiation process in Congress, Fernós was aware that several key elements of his project were being removed, but opted to focus on its initial approval, believing that he would not be able to accomplish everything at once. Under these arguments, the adoption of Law 600 was approved on June 5, 1951. The name of 1419:" from José Alfredo Hernández Mayoral. Among the independent voices that proposed a concept of free association was, Enrique Vázquez Quintana, who argued in his proposal that a concept based on the legendary round table should be established, with representation from the governments of Puerto Rico and the United States as well as a single representative from the United Nations. In 1997, noting the perception that the status debate was not advancing within the PPD, he proposed the creation of a new party, 1509: 1137: 858:. Afterwards, a modified version was created by Epifanio Fernández Vanga, who described it as a "status where the people, being free, elected to associate with other people to establish a democratic base which due to mutual consent included tight economic and economic ties". This definition was officially adopted in the Union's platform. However, during the following years the discussion of the status issue stagnated, instead replaced with the serious economic concerns brought forth by the 1755: 707:. In 1950, Fernós used his function as Resident Commissioner to influence a process held between March 30 and July 3, that ended with the approval of Public Law 600, which allowed Puerto Rico to draft its own Constitution and adopt a new political system. He expected that by adopting this law, the control that the United States retained would only be considered a form of trusteeship, with sovereignty being partially split between both sides due to voluntary relegation, in line with the 1767: 1427:(lit. "Civil Action Party"), which dropped the status from its platform, aborting the initiative. Ricardo Alegría, a fervent supporter of independence and culture, noted that he would be willing to temporarily support free association in this meant abolishing the territorial clause. Juan Mari Brás, expressed a similar position, claiming that while it is not independence, free association is flexible and "is not a one way street like statehood". In 2002, Julio Muriente of the 1743: 605: 1500:. The MUS also demands that Public Law 81-600, known as the Federal Relations Law and that keeps Puerto Rico subjected to the territorial clause, be abolished as part of the proposal stripping and retaining the sovereignty of Puerto Rico from the Congress of the United States. In a departure from the PPD's posture, the MUS seeks that the compact of association can be modified or concluded unilaterally as long as the decision is ratified by popular vote. 1332:

administration. On January 2, 2013, Luis Vega Ramos presented P.C. 210, a bill supporting the organization of the Constituent Assembly, on behalf of the Bar Association of Puerto Rico. However, after the Obama administration presented a budget including 2.5 million to cost the education campaign of a future status process, García Padilla reaffirmed his support for the territorial Commonwealth and discarded the Constituent Assembly supported by the

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the act of recognizing Puerto Rico's sovereignty and entering into a compact of free association will be undertaken in a single step, without undergoing a period of independence. The representative of the United States would be aware of this fact when signing the proposal, thus completing the jurisdictional transition. As a sovereign entity, Puerto Rico would support dual citizenship, and the

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Rico. More specifically, the group called on the United States to expedite a process that would allow the people of Puerto Rico to exercise fully their right to self-determination and independence. ... allow the Puerto Rican people to take decisions in a sovereign manner and to address their urgent economic and social needs, including unemployment, marginalization, insolvency and poverty".

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enhanced territorial commonwealth, stating that "this hybrid proposal continues to be promoted in Puerto Rico as a feasible status option. Such proposals have resulted in misinformed and inconclusive referendums in Puerto Rico in July 1967, November 1993 and December 1998." The status issue then took a hiatus while the party opposed H.R. 2499 in Washington, while the

1050:(interchangeably known as either "Sovereign Associated Free State" or "Sovereign Commonwealth" in English), which included features of both free association and the commonwealth. However, Acevedo Vilá lost the bid for re-election while facing a federal indictment and Ferrer took over as president of the PPD, resuming the conservative postures of previous presidents. 1025:, where he defeated Roselló but was only able to secure a shared governance when conservative Roberto Pratts lost the party's bid for resident commissioner. During the process, he promoted the organization of a Constituent Assembly, eventually presenting a project that was abandoned as part of an ongoing power struggle between the PPD and PNP. In 2005, 1198:, who argued that if the liberal wing is excluded that would mean a guaranteed loss for the PPD and questioned its viability without the approval of the General Council. Hernández Mayoral expresses satisfaction and invited them to leave the party, while the conservative wing justified the move as one that anticipated a future referendum. 1445:. Alicea then began citing Miranda Marín, Cordero and Aponte as examples for the current leaders to follow. This move was made official with a "welcome card" issued by Carmen Yulín Cruz, Luis Vega Ramos and Charlie Hernández. The character also ran a tongue-in-cheek gubernatorial primary campaign within the PPD. He adopted the slogan 1476:

embassies. Free passage would continue between both countries. The document does integrate some of the demands of the conservative wing, noting that it could only be amended by mutual agreement. Any differences in its interpretation would be attended by a bilateral Pact Tribunal, created immediately after the compact is enacted.

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eventual dissolution when Hernández Agosto was excused due to illness and Acevedo Vilá left when it was nearing a year of existence. Without a definition for the status formula to be defended in a referendum, the status issue stagnated during the following months, with the party seeking the counsel of constitutional lawyer

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Federal Affairs, a move that led to internal conflict that was protested by liberals, who eventually decided to leave their seats in protest. A group of functionaries mentored by the former governor began a public campaign against the pro-sovereignty postures of the previous administration, being led by senator

676:("sovereignty supporter") refers to someone that seeks to redefine the relationship between Puerto Rico and the United States to that of a compact with full sovereignty. The term is mostly used in reference to those that support a compact of free association or a variation of this formula, commonly known as 1295:. In February 2012, the government board led by García Padilla announced the strategy of the conservative leadership to participate in the referendum, to vote "Yes" to continuing under the territorial clause and to not vote for any of the non-territorial options listed in the second question. However, the 985: 1586:

At approximately the same time as the referendum, Puerto Rico's legislators are also expected to vote on a bill that would allow the Governor to draft a state constitution and hold elections to choose senators and representatives to the federal Congress. Regardless of the outcome of the referendum or

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became the next president of the PPD and in his first message as candidate for Governor expressed that despite working towards a consensus, he personally believes in a "non colonial, non territorial" formula and favors a Constituent Assembly, also listing the status issue second among his priorities.

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On July 1, 2013, conservative Eduardo Ferrer relinquished his position of Representative at-large for the PPD, formally opening a vacancy at the PR House for the PPD. The party announced that the position would be filled with the vote of the General Council's delegates during a special election. Only

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were re-elected as mayors and additional sympathizers joined the incumbents in the legislature. Carmen Yulín scored what was described as the "upset of the elections", defeating Jorge Santini to become mayor of San Juan. The "Sovereign Free Association" option finished second in the status referendum

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On March 16, 2011, the President's Task Force released their report, joining the others in stating that Puerto Rico remains under the Territory Clause of the U.S. Constitution and that any attempt to pursue an enhanced Commonwealth within the Territorial Clause would be "constitutionally problematic"

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Those Free Associated States use the American dollar, receive some financial support and the promise of military defense if they refuse military access to any other country. Their citizens are allowed to work in the U.S. and serve in its military. The agreement with Puerto Rico as an FAS however may

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establishes that it is meant to bring forth a non-colonial and non-territorial status in accordance to International Law and based on the sovereignty of the people of Puerto Rico. To make this clear, the English name would replace "Commonwealth" with "Free Associated State". The document states that

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reunited with García Padilla in private to discuss the Constituent Assembly resolution. After a period of negotiations that lasted over ten hours, the group led by Tirado allowed the proposal presented the next day to be discussed without directly referencing that the option presented by the PPD had

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In the midst of this ideological confrontation, members of the free association movement topped the vote to select the party's PR House of Representative at-large candidates at the 2012 PPD's primary. Despite winning a spot in this event, Carmen Yulín opted to run for the mayorship of San Juan after

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to present an amendment that would include the territorial Commonwealth (described as "status quo") in the project, essentially neutralizing its intention to pursue "non territorial options". The subsequent approval of this amended proposal in the US House of Representatives was not supported by the

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becoming the PR Senate's president and Vizcarrondo the PR House of Representatives' speaker. However, Calderón avoided the status issue throughout her term, leading to her expressions contrasting against those of liberal figures such as Cordero Santiago, Miranda Marín and Acevedo Vilá himself, while

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If the majority had favored Independence/Free Association, a second vote would have been held to determine the preference: full independence as a nation or associated free state status with independence but with a "free and voluntary political association" between Puerto Rico and the United States.

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would be internationally recognized along with the United States citizenship, capable of issuing its own functional passports. The establishment of a complete self-government would extend Puerto Rico's international presence, allowing it to have seats in international organizations and open its own

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From his position of Law Professor Antonio Fernós López-Cepero Jr. followed in the footsteps of his father, making his own proposals for a free association compact, among which was the elimination of the "colonial position" once occupied by his father, the Resident Commissioner. His defense of free

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In April 2012, ALAS presented the signatures required to become the official representative of "Sovereign Associated Free State" in the referendum and co-representative of the "No" option. Within the PPD, Acevedo Vilá emerged as the leader of the faction that supported the Sovereign Associated Free

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Meanwhile, the Obama administration organized a Task Force to deal with the status issue, and Ferrer named Hernández Mayoral as the official representative of the PPD, while free association was defended by PROELA. During the public hearings for H.R. 2499, a group of lobbyists led by Ferrer managed

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Several conservative members publicly differed on how to proceed on the status issue. Ferrer responded by proposing a "New Social Pact" that would work to unify both factions in theory, but several members of the party were cautious and the conflict resumed with another piece published by Hernández

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in December 2005, which was met with opposition by both factions of the PPD since it concluded that Congress held all sovereignty over Puerto Rico but also described free association as akin to independence. Following the intervention of figures such as Aponte, the party expressed its support for a

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However throughout the 1970s, conservative PPD president Hernández Colón argued that the Commonwealth already represented a form of association and the issue stagnated. Despite this, a number of unsuccessful initiatives emerged within the PPD, arguing for a form of association where the sovereignty

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in its reports, because, internationally, the people of Puerto Rico are often considered to be a Caribbean nation with their own national identity. Most recently, in a June 2016 report, the Special Committee called for the United States to expedite the process to allow self-determination in Puerto

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On August 30, 2014, the status issue was delegated to a committee of four ex-PPD presidents, Acevedo Vilá, Hernández Colón, Miguel Hernández Agosto and Héctor Luis Acevedo, which were supposed to reach a consensus. The Committee was unable to do and García Padilla did not intervene, leading to its

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and García Padilla. After responses by Vega Ramos and Charlie Hernández, Acevedo Vilá took responsibility for the loss and dismissed the conservative argument, while Miranda Marín directly questioned the honesty of the premise. While the latter began sounding as a potential governor candidate, the

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Because there were almost 500,000 blank ballots in the 2012 referendum, creating confusion as to the voters' true desire, Congress decided to ignore the vote. On January 15, 2014, the House of Representatives approved $ 2.5 million in funding for Puerto Rico to hold a fifth referendum. The United

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It establishes that "acquired rights" such as Social Security, veterans, Medicare and Medicaid benefits would remain in place and that Puerto Ricans would continue to contribute to them. Internationally, Puerto Rico would revoke the application of the Cabotage Laws and would reserve the rights to

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pushed the status issue to a secondary role and after several months of inactivity, García Padilla revived the Joint Commission. Leading to the PPD's convention during the summer, the ideological schism resurfaced, with conservatives supporting a referendum as proposed by the Obama administration

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countered by openly promoting a vote for the "Sovereign Free Association" option, while adhering to the leadership's mandate to vote "Yes" in the first question. However, García Padilla temporarily suspended Rep. Charlie Hernández when the announced that he would also vote for the "No" option was

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insisted on a Constituent Assembly, while ALAS endorsed it. On June 4, 2010, Miranda Marín died from complication of cancer, with conservative José Varela presenting an aborted candidature before the Municipal Committee, being revoked and later defeated by the former mayor's son in an ideological

1110:). This move ignited these differences and Ferrer reacted by reaching an agreement with Miranda Marín to keep the discussion contained in an internal committee, but this failed when its appointed chairman, Colberg, resigned and joined Hernández Mayoral and García Padilla in a public critic of the 5977:

With my vote, I make the initial request to the Federal Government to begin the process of the decolonization through: (1) Free Association: Puerto Rico should adopt a status outside of the Territory Clause of the Constitution of the United States that recognizes the sovereignty of the People of

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was held on June 11. The previous plebiscites provided three: "remain a Commonwealth", "Statehood", and "Independence/Free Association". The 2017 referendum was supposed to be the first referendum to offer voters only two options, "Statehood" and "Independence/Free Association"; however, after a

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Historian Ángel Collado Schwarz also created a radio show, where he discussed several historical events and topics, often discussing their relation to the status issue and sovereignty. The artistic class instead opted to support free association in their own medium, without directly entering the

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organized by the Rosselló administration and instead opted to unify both of the party's faction in a vote for a "None of the above" option, while other a group of young PPD activists took the initiative to support the free association option, which, despite receiving only 4,536 votes, fared well

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in 1997 the party was divided on its language and the proposed format, eventually leaving PROELA as the only faction that supported it. The following year, the party resumed their argument for a "non territorial and non colonial" development of the Commonwealth that allowed Puerto Rico to freely

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On October 8, 2009, the US. House Committee on Natural Resources published House Report 111-294, which directly dismissed the possibility of further developing the Commonwealth under the sovereignty of Congress. The document criticized the support given by the conservative wing of the PPD to an

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Despite conservative Sila Calderón becoming the PPD's candidate for governor, a moderate support for sovereignty was included in the party's platform prior to the 2000 general elections, and Acevedo Vilá was elected as candidate for Resident Commissioner over Hernández Colón's son, José Alfredo

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On October 4, 2011, Fortuño announced that his administration would hold a local status referendum after H.R. 2499 failed to advance in the US Senate. In the project proposed and later approved, voters were going to be asked two questions: (1) whether they agreed to continue with Puerto Rico's

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This marked the return of Hernández Colón as the party's main ideologue and the most influential member of the Government Board leading to a number of conservatives being named to fill most of the party's roles, including the certification of Hernández Mayoral as Secretary of International and

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Early proposals pursuing an unrefined form of sovereign association emerged during the 1880s and 1920s, but failed to gain an immediate foothold. The current territorial Commonwealth status is the consequence of its architect's inability to implement his original vision. When first proposed by

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were to choose the Free Association option - and only 33% voted for it in 2012 - and if it were granted by the US Congress, Puerto Rico would become a Free Associated State, a virtually independent nation. It would have a political and economical treaty of association with the U.S. that would

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Benefits of statehood include an additional $ 10 billion per year in federal funds, the right to vote in presidential elections, higher Social Security and Medicare benefits, and a right for its government agencies and municipalities to file for bankruptcy. The latter is currently prohibited.

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was being pushed to become the official posture, since according to them "it even a pact per se", but a "manual that failed to establish specific details". PROELA and ALAS supported these arguments. However, Colberg and Hernández Mayoral argued against sovereignty in response. This conflict

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Fortuño quickly exploited these conflicts, intervening and telling the PPD to define itself, and also claiming that the definition of "Sovereignty in association with the United States" present in H.R. 2499 was taken from the 2008 Programme of Government. However, Acevedo Vilá contested this

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Unsatisfied with the model approved, Fernós spent the following years attempting to "perfect" the Commonwealth to reflect the eponymous model in which it was based. The first project towards that goal was presented in 1953 and pursued the derogation of Puerto Rico's status as a United States

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and senator José Ortiz Dalliot, both liberals, to determine that there was an ideological disparity between the conservative message of past PPD presidents and the party's base. While Acevedo Vilá and other factions argued for a non territorial development to the Commonwealth, when US Rep.

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García Padilla then named Juan Eugenio Hernández Mayoral to direct the Puerto Rico Federal Affairs Administration (PRFAA) and had previously retained his brother in the position of Secretary of International and Federal Affairs, preserving Hernández Colón's conservative stance during his

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form of association that included sovereignty, but during the following years status initiatives were sparse beyond declarations made before the United Nation's Decolonization Committee or the support expressed by the PPD's General Assembly for the organization of a Constituent Assembly.

912:(lit. "Aguas Buenas Pronnouncement"), which stated its support for a "complete self-government, founded in the free association with the United States and which permits and supports the country's cultural personality and the sustained development of its social and material progress." 1386:

by requesting his opinion on the viability of several proposals of both sovereign and territorial development. However, his reply was not made public and no further status initiatives were undertaken before García Padilla renounced his bid for re-election on December 14, 2015.

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by gathering 33.34% (449,679) of the valid votes. However, the other half of the PPD affiliates followed the strategy supported by Garcia Padilla, leading to 480,918 blank votes. The "No" (to continuing under the Territorial Clause) option defeated the "Yes" option 54% to 46%.

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On April 27, 2008, Acevedo Vilá argued for the sovereign development of the commonwealth and began an internal process to define a form of sovereign association for the party to defend, which was prepared by a commission formed by members of both factions (legislators

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felt that a Constituent Assembly should take place first, serving as the negotiation table between Puerto Rico, the US Department of Justice and Congress, with the viable options that emerged from this collaboration being voted for in a referendum. The onset of the

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was strongly in favor of statehood to help develop the economy and help to "solve our 500-year-old colonial dilemma ... Colonialism is not an option .... It's a civil rights issue ... 3.5 million citizens seeking an absolute democracy," he told the news media.

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appealed to the party's base via a petition. Acevedo Vilá and Ferrer continued an argument that extended to the other sectors of the party. More formal rebuttals included a request to overturn the Resolution by the interim-president of the Mayor's Association,

1336:. After opposing further proposals for a Constituent Assembly, García Padilla went on to state that no further actions to attend the status issue would take place in 2013, disregarding another initiative to discuss a Constituent Assembly in the legislature. 1217:

While the ideological struggle continued within the PPD, ALAS formally requested to act as the representative of free association in the referendum. In the midst of this controversy, Miranda Marín issued a pro-sovereignty speech that gathered the support of

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eventually led to the creation of a Status Commission by the PPD's Government Board. On November 9, 2010, the MUS applied to be recognized as a political party for the 2012 general elections, but were met with opposition from conservatives within the PPD.

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that allows for "other arrangements" between nations) in an attempt to reach a consensus. However, Alfredo Hernández Mayoral was the first to dismiss the possibility that this meant a definitive ceasefire and published an opinion column criticizing the

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was announced as the candidate for the office of Resident Commissioner, but he adopted a more conservative discourse during the political campaign. In 2011, the conservative wing launched an aggressive campaign among the PPD's base to ensure that the

1441:, had become an unofficial mascot to the PPD throughout the years. In 2009, after portraying the character as a fanatical follower of the PPD without taking a stance in the ideological struggle for more than two decades, Epifanio declared himself a 3411: 1378:

while the sovereigntists continued arguing for a Constituent Assembly. García Padilla pursued the first option and avoided defining the basics of the status option that was being proposed, instead proposing a "permanent discussion" on the matter.

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At the urging of Hernández Mayoral, Ferrer converted a proposal by Colberg into Government Board Resolution JG-2010-003, which directly rejected free association as an option. After passing on a divided vote, the document was globally panned by

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territorial status and -if not- (2) to indicate the political status they preferred from three possibilities: "Statehood", "Independence" or a "Sovereign Associated Free State". The referendum was set for November 6, 2012, the same day of the

1449:(lit. "Sovereign(sic) and good lookin' to kick out all those thieves"), which he employed in a faux campaign. Non partisan demonstrations include that of Miguel Rodríguez, who on February 2, 2014, began an impromptu manifestation in front of 1278:, a study of the President's Task Force report and a recommendation to establish a permanent Status Commission. However, the document did not gather the support of the new candidate and was not acted upon. On October 26, 2011, noted liberal 1352:

and his bid was considered difficult, since it placed him in direct conflict with the conservative leadership, but he was elected despite another ideological clash that featured García Padilla quoting Hernández Colón's assertion that the

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The following day, this ideological shift resulted in Hernández Mayoral quitting his office as Secretary of Federal Affairs. In the first Board reunion presided by Bernier, members of both factions decided to wait for the resolution of

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ordered its retirement. This decision was later blamed on the armed forces of the United States, who opposed any decision that would endanger their complete control of the strategic territory of Puerto Rico during the height of the

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determined that pre-existing compacts of association could be modified to fit the local needs. Within the PPD, senator Marco Antonio Rigau officially presented a free association proposal to the PPD's Government Board (Spanish:

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was adopted as the PPD's institutional position by governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá, a transcendental move for the movement that resounded beyond the re-election campaign. Despite being inherited by two conservative leaders, the

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was part of the group that idealized this model. However, pressured by the economic influence of the sugar industry, the status discussion was stalled. This was exacerbated by serious differences between Barceló and Muñoz.

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and not permanent, but mechanism proposed by the document was not supported by the sovereigntists, who felt that it placed the options in arbitrary classifications and kept the territorial Commonwealth as a viable option.

851:. Its creator was a lawyer named Miguel Guerra Mondragón, who based his proposal in the recognition of the sovereignty of separate constituent countries seen during the creation of the current model of the United Kingdom. 1566:

that would be negotiated between the U.S. and Puerto Rico. That document might cover topics such as the role of the US military in Puerto Rico, the use of the US currency, free trade between the two entities, and whether

6169:. Vol. 23. United Nations. General Assembly. Special Committee on the Situation With Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. 1971. pp. 6115:. Vol. 23. United Nations. General Assembly. Special Committee on the Situation With Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and People. 1971. pp. 1433:(MINH) a moderate pro-independence group, argued that if the free association movement gained prominence within the PPD, it was only a matter of time until the inmovilism surrounding the status debate was vanquished. 1074:

were directly elected, while conservatives such as Colberg Toro entered as a product of the Minority Law. Within the PPD this conflict was met with a variety of reactions, most notably the forma division of

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took a cautious approach to this candidature, since the new candidate noting that the status issue was not an immediate priority, but middle ground was reached with a Constituent Assembly proposal.

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possession. Despite receiving support from the United States Department of the Interior, at the moment directly in charge of territorial affairs, and the Congressional commissions that studied it,

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Ferrer inherited the position of PPD president to fellow conservative Alejandro García Padilla, who on March 6, 2011, announced his intention to run as candidate for the office of governor. The

908:(lit. "Pro-Sovereignty Directory"), which promoted free association, but the existence of these was brief. On November 19, 1970, the Central Council of the PPD issued what became known as the 717:(lit. "Associated Free State") was adopted as the official Spanish name, while the official English name avoided naming any form of association or freedom, simply being called "Commonwealth". 4602: 375: 357: 1931: 3056: 1320:(lit. "Friends of the Sovereign Associated Free State"), joined ALAS. The MUS formed alliance with sovereignts candidates of the PPD, but did not take an official stance of the referendum. 4743: 3887: 1415:

association and constant critics to the conservative interpretation of his father's work by figures such as Rafael Hernández Colón, earned him the tongue-in-cheek nickname "high priest of

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However, the approval of 2.5 million for a referendum overseen by the US Department of Justice in the Obama administration's budget led to a pause in actions. Despite the development, the

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In April 2011, the PPD's Status Commission released a report that included "10 principles of association" for the non-territorial development of the Commonwealth, a dissection of both the

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figures that formerly supported (including some that helped establish it) the territorial Commonwealth such as José Trias Monge began expressing a support for the pursue of sovereignty.

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failed to be elected in to the party's Government Board centering it around both of Hernández Colón's sons, but this move failed and all but one of the liberal candidates were elected.

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and how to assist it in achieving "independence" or "decolonization". In 1978, the Special Committee determined that a "colonial relationship" existed between the US and Puerto Rico.

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Ferrer continued denying any support for free association, instead adopting a proposal to pursue a "fourth option" beyond the three stated in international laws (citing a sentence of

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against the "territorial Commonwealth's" 993. Prior to this, Ortiz Guzmán attempted to contest the definition of the "free association" option, but was unable to derail the process.

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proposal as long as it meets with a series of requirements. The first being that it should be compliant with Principle VI of the UN's 1541 Resolution and be product of a process of

5059: 839:. Ever the diplomat, Baldorioty supported the posture of the mayority, ending the first attempt to create a form of sovereign association for Puerto Rico. This was followed by the 904:

The ongoing controversy over the nature of the Commonwealth and the status of its sovereignty led to the creation of groups that competed with the established parties, such as

1239:

of the PPD. ALAS also criticized it as an "attempt to prolong the anguish of the colony represented by the current Commonwealth". As the project moved to the Senate, the PPDC

807:

Due to Puerto Rico's historical status debate, proposals consistent with the modern free association movement can be traced to the times when Puerto Rico was a colony of the

1161:, which prompted a rebuttal by Vega Ramos. Ferrer presented this concept before the UN's decolonization committee and rejected free association before Congress, whereas the 366: 348: 749:, where none of the actual status options won. The 2000s brought forth a re-emergence of the free association movement with the prominence of new leaders such as mayors 1365:

to be "non colonial non territorial". The PIP and Bar Association of Puerto Rico presented their own Constituent Assembly proposal and public hearings were scheduled.

6166:

Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

6112:

Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

899: 4559: 5628: 4324: 835:. However, there this effort was thwarted by the conservative members of the party, who supported a project that would turn the remaining Spanish colonies into 788:, sovereign free association is the option with the largest growth margin among all, experiencing a hundredfold (4,536 to 454,768) expansion in only 14 years. 330: 187: 2464: 1626:

be entirely different than it is with the current three countries because of the longer and closer relationship the territory has had with the United States.

1710: 1129:/Movimiento Unión Soberanista (MUS) in the media, the first two supporting free association while the third supported sovereignty as a concept. Among these, 6225:

Antonio Fernós - Soberanista, Luis Muñoz Marín - Autonomista: Divergencias ideológicas y su efecto en el desarrollo del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico

3481: 1030: 955:

mediated a timid support for sovereignty in the definition of "Commonwealth" present in the ballot. In 1997, following the failed campaign of conservative

310: 284: 197: 992:

Sovereignty was subsequently approved by the PPD's Government Board as an institutional position, with the support of Cordero, Miranda and Carolina mayor

232: 4945: 1046:

and non-elected figures such as Hernández Mayoral, among others) and moderated by Miranda Marín, eventually leading to the adoption of the concept of a

4060: 1646: 266: 4787: 730:. Subsequent projects focused on the pursuit of sovereignty, including the Aspinall Project, which was consistent with free association as defined in 5137: 636: 165: 4592: 4430: 5424: 4989: 1921: 1406:

that could potentially rule that Puerto Rico does not currently possess any degree of sovereignty, before choosing which mechanism should be used.

5798: 3046: 870:. This party proposed a two-step solution to the status issue, first obtaining a form of economic sovereignty and later proclaiming independence. 5470: 4733: 3877: 1153: 1091:

gained a foothold in the Mayor's Association. Hernández Mayoral emerged as the conservative's public speaker, to the point of promoting that the

6195:"Special Committee on Decolonization Approves Text Calling upon United States Government to Expedite Self-Determination Process for Puerto Rico" 5240: 4967: 3207: 1791:

This law grants additional representation to electoral minorities if a majority party wins more than two thirds of the seats in the legislature.

3730:

Comunicado de presensa de la Alianza pro Libre Asociación Soberana (ALAS) en torno a las pasadas dos vistas celebradas por el Comité de Energía

3426:

Expresiones de la Alianza pro Libre Asociación Soberana (ALAS), en torno a la Propuesta de Pacto de Asociación del Senador Antonio Fas Alzamora

973: 802: 5692: 5531: 1210:, and the presentation of a free association proposal by senator Fas Alzamora and lawyer Ramón Luis Nieves, which was openly supported by the 1058:, Roberto Pratts and a now-conservative Jorge Colberg. This move was sorely received by the liberal faction, which noted that representatives 5503: 5033: 4379: 3747: 4925: 1145:

assertion, citing that it was a PNP artifact and reaffirming his own compromise with a PPD-defined sovereign status with the support of the

4701: 4229: 1013:

Hernández Mayoral. The PPD won both positions in the general elections. Both branches of the legislature were controlled by liberals, with

325: 2794: 5906: 5283: 5055: 202: 5364: 4457: 770:

have continued to gain a stronghold within the PPD, seizing prominent positions including the mayorship of the Puerto Rican capital of

293: 275: 5186: 5011: 5960: 1685: 737:

During the late 1980s, PR Sen. Marco Rigau presented a free association project that received the rejection of conservative governor

561: 212: 5406: 5215: 4650: 5384: 1429: 943:

adopting her predecessor's conservative postures in her attempt to become governor. After this failed, the party was involved in a

426: 243: 5991: 5517: 5442: 5263: 1247:

After Ferrer announced the eventual organization of an "Internal Constituent Assembly" to refine the party's status ideology, the

3909: 1715: 501: 458: 321: 5877: 1316:

State, while two additional groups, Populares Pro ELA soberano (lit. "PPD affiliates pro-Sovereign Associated Free State") and

887: 854:

This initial version was ignored by the House of Representatives, despite being officially presented by Democratic congressman

742: 506: 436: 257: 192: 6178: 6124: 5733:"Compact of Association between the governments of the Free Associated State of Puerto Rico and the United States of America" 1725: 629: 207: 5159: 1453:

in support of free association, returning to the original vision of the PPD and of Miranda Marín's pro-sovereignty project.

4569: 1554: 997: 944: 785: 746: 713: 681: 571: 520: 511: 431: 5335: 680:("Sovereign Associated Free State" or "Free Associated State"), between Puerto Rico and the United States. Members of the 1705: 1374: 1292: 1022: 731: 239: 1587:

the bill on drafting a constitution, Congress will be the body to make the final decision on the status of Puerto Rico.

6232: 5456: 5081: 2340: 1403: 708: 581: 4085: 2280: 684:

that are willing to pursue alliances with this ideology are occasionally referred to as such, but are mostly known as

5858: 1669: 1391: 142: 6140: 5831: 5306: 6285: 1893: 1680: 1611: 1307: 1174:

conservative wing responded by promoting the final draft of Colberg Toro's document for a territorial development.

622: 524: 4897: 4201: 3939: 3854: 2237:

Néstor R. Duprey Salgado (October 25, 2009). "Mensaje en recordación del Natalicio de Rafael "Churumba" Cordero".

2204: 4531: 3995: 1700: 1639: 836: 745:(PPD) during the following decades. The option made its debut backed by an independent group in the inconclusive 658: 556: 549: 441: 6141:"XIV Ministerial Conference of the Movement of Non-Aligned Nations. Durban, South Africa, 2004. See pages 14–15" 4271: 780: 1664: 1607: 928: 863: 832: 576: 5732: 5664: 4673: 597: 483: 471: 446: 352: 6057: 5934: 4819: 812: 4797: 1690: 1516:(Sovereign Free Associated State) option depicted in the ballot of the 2012 Puerto Rican status referendum. 1399: 867: 403: 288: 6250:"United States-Puerto Rico Commission on the Status of Puerto Rico. (1966). Status of Puerto Rico: report" 5884: 5109: 4766: 4402: 1423:(lit. "Party for Free Association"), to directly promote free association. The initiative turned into the 270: 1619: 1563: 738: 147: 131: 2366: 1055: 6261: 5805: 5633: 4738: 4706: 4597: 4065: 3882: 3752: 3486: 3406: 3212: 3051: 2799: 2468: 1926: 1733: 252: 182: 1087:

that support more autonomy inside the territorial clause. Led by an increasingly vocal Miranda Marín,

993: 754: 6249: 1107: 978: 219: 940: 3967: 1675: 1472: 963:

became the president of the PPD. Under his presidency, a Status Commission led to the Caguas mayor

960: 421: 396: 62: 3809: 2089:

El Partido Popular Democrático y el Reclamo de Soberanía Puertorriqueña para el Desarrollo del ELA

964: 750: 279: 117: 5885:"Make room for 51st star? Spending bill includes $ 2.5 million for vote on Puerto RIco statehood" 4839: 1695: 952: 758: 172: 108: 4868: 3780: 700: 4625: 4351: 1720: 1591: 816: 774:. The exposition also led to the creation of other movements that supported the ideal, such as 654: 361: 1117:

Outside the party, the PPD's conservative postures led to the inclusion of groups such as the

956: 6170: 6116: 3368: 3331: 3255: 3236: 3193: 3114: 871: 840: 771: 722: 697: 478: 248: 1170: 848: 703:, the concept was akin to a form of sovereign free association such as the one found in the 516: 343: 1759: 1014: 844: 261: 2257: 1182:

were faced with the difficulties of Miranda Marín being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.

1059: 8: 3402:"Reacciones positivas ante proyecto de asociación basado en la soberanía de Fas Alzamora" 1345: 796: 692:(English: "sovereigntism") then became the local name for the free association movement. 177: 1575: 1067: 370: 314: 6084: 5730: 1747: 1497: 1383: 1341: 704: 152: 135: 4299: 1340:

five candidates made the cut to be on the final ballot, Claribel Martínez Marmolejos,

977:

commerce with other countries and join international organization while retaining the

379: 6228: 6194: 6174: 6120: 1615: 1546:

States Senate then passed the bill, which was signed into law on January 17, 2014 by

1279: 451: 1606:

stipulate all delegated agreements. This could give Puerto Rico a similar status to

948: 6257: 1771: 1437:

political arena. The most notable example was actor Víctor Alicea whose character,

1323:

At the 2012 General Elections García Padilla became governor while the majority of

1214:

but only met a lukewarm reception by Ferrer and criticized by other conservatives.

859: 855: 669: 1226:. However, Ferrer openly disagreed, leading to a fruitless reunion between both. 334: 6164: 6110: 6030: 5163: 4325:"El gobernador Luis Fortuño anunció un referendo sobre el estatus de Puerto Rico" 1438: 1207: 1103: 1063: 1039: 609: 5758: 5669: 5591: 5569: 5550: 5370: 5340: 5311: 5268: 5191: 5114: 5086: 4930: 4902: 4873: 4844: 4824: 4792: 4771: 4678: 4564: 4536: 4516: 4462: 4407: 4356: 4276: 4256: 4206: 4187: 4150: 4112: 4046: 4028: 4000: 3972: 3944: 3839: 3814: 3785: 3657: 3528: 3466: 3386: 3349: 3312: 3293: 3173: 3157: 3135: 3077: 3031: 3012: 2955: 2899: 2880: 2861: 2842: 2779: 2760: 2723: 2704: 2685: 2666: 2648: 2611: 2589: 2570: 2551: 2532: 2513: 2430: 2411: 2393: 2326: 2307: 2239: 2209: 2190: 2168: 2149: 2130: 2111: 2092: 2065: 1898: 1099: 3463:

Solicitan representar oficialmente la libre asociación en discussion de estatus

1594:

would be necessary to implement changes to the status of Puerto Rico under the

1508: 1026: 820: 808: 297: 5629:""Epifanio" clama por la soberanía en su espectáculo de comedia "Coge cambio"" 4926:"Soberanistas y conservadores para la Secretaría de Asuntos Federales del PPD" 1136: 996:. However, the same group opted not to test this new definition in the second 6279: 1602: 1568: 1394: 1231: 1071: 1043: 862:. The Union lost its name and insignia after dissolving an alliance with the 536: 88: 5961:"Puerto Rico Statehood, Independence, or Free Association Referendum (2017)" 5731:

Antonio Fas Alzamora; Ramón Luis Nieves; José Ariel Nazario (June 4, 2010).

35:

The logo used by the PPD members affiliated to the free association movement

5219: 4629: 2993: 2495: 2265: 1963: 1547: 1450: 305: 5773: 5471:"Issacharoff es el nuevo asesor constitucional del PPD - Desde Washington" 3837:

Benjamín Torres Gotay (June 20, 2010). "La batalla del Valle del Turabo".

3132:

Alcaldes populares del sur discrepan acerca resolución de la Junta del PPD

6147: 5187:"Contundente triunfo de Manuel Natal en contienda por escaño a la Cámara" 5138:"Difunden audio donde piden a Consejo General votar por Martínez – Metro" 4458:"Alcalde de Caguas condena sanción de García Padilla a Charlie Hernández" 1185: 666: 662: 301: 4968:"Liderato popular no apoya medida para convocar Asamblea Constitucional" 3190:

Ferrer: PDP won't be divided by board's rejection of associated republic

741:, establishing the sides that would permeate the internal debate of the 604: 5082:"Llenan hoy la vacante en la delegación cameral del PPD - El Nuevo Día" 1114:, with the party's president eventually siding with the conservatives. 4990:"Interesado exlíder estudiantil de la UPR en escaño de Ferrer – Metro" 3807: 3712:

Testimonio escrito para la Comisión de Recursos Naturales de los EE.UU

3694:

Comunicado de prensa en torno a audiencias del Senado sobre el HR-2499

984: 5504:"Bernier va por el ELA "no colonial" y por otro plebiscito (galería)" 4946:"García Padilla descarta convocar asamblea constitucional de estatus" 4328: 3697: 3679: 3638: 3620: 3601: 3583: 3565: 3510: 3448: 3429: 3274: 3096: 2974: 2936: 2917: 2823: 2741: 2630: 2344: 1629: 969: 5241:"Senadores presentan proyecto de Asamblea Constitucional de Estatus" 5216:"Asamblea del PPD aprueba resolución para impulsar la Constituyente" 2645:

Colberg pide relevo Comité de Capacitación para debatir sobre status

1562:

The specifics of the association agreement would be detailed in the

5911: 5662: 5610: 4168: 4131: 3733: 3715: 3547: 3328:

PDP mayors may seek reversal of governing board's status resolution

2449: 1004: 828: 727: 30: 5264:"A vistas públicas los proyectos sobre la asamblea constitucional" 3580:

El MAP favorece plan de Miranda Marín frente a "secuestro" del PPD

5034:"AGP se burla de los soberanistas y Carmen Yulín le sale al paso" 4489: 4434: 4380:"Respaldo a ELA soberano no le traerá sanciones a alcalde Caguas" 3913: 3562:

Comunicado de prensa de la Alianza pro Libre Asociación Soberana

1102:

administration began pursuing another status referendum through

919: 5992:"Will Puerto Rico become the newest star on the American flag?" 5832:"Will Puerto Rico become the newest star on the American flag?" 5544: 5425:"PPD acuerda celebrar otra consulta de estatus este cuatrienio" 4560:"El PPD le apuesta a Carmen Yulin para la alcaldia de San Juan" 4486:"Los llamados "soberanistas" del PPD van dominando la primaria" 3482:"William Miranda Marín aboga por un nuevo proyecto soberanista" 2465:"Dirigentes del PPD rechazan ahora lo que aprobaron en 2008..." 2281:"Libre Asociación o ELA soberano: ¿una forma de independencia?" 824: 3309:

Nace organización para defender el ELA sin la libre asociación

5532:"Bernier elogia decisión de la Junta del PPD sobre el status" 1123:

Asociación de Estudiantes Puertorriqueños por un ELA Soberano

878: 6026:"Puerto Rico gov approves referendum in quest for statehood" 5907:"US to Puerto Rico: Add another option to status referendum" 5804:(in Spanish). Comisión Estatal de Elecciones. Archived from 4125: 3365:

Fas Alzamora pushes for own concept of free association pact

797:

Early proposals of sovereign association as a "third option"

5693:"Solitario manifestante reclama agenda de Luis Muñoz Marín" 5443:"Implosionó el comité de status del PPD - Desde Washington" 5336:"Legisladores PPD piden ir primero a la Asamblea de Status" 1133:(Pais) featured the direct participation of Miranda Marín. 5012:"Difícil la ruta de Manuel Natal a escaño cameral – Metro" 2968: 2302:

Israel Rodríguez Sánchez (September 5, 2011). "Política".

2059: 4593:"Carmen Yulín será candidata por la alcaldía de San Juan" 4061:"Alcaldes soberanistas apoyan a Alejandro García Padilla" 3673: 3635:

Carta de Legisladores Soberanistas a Comité Interagencial

2930: 2624: 1021:

Acevedo Vilá became the PPD's governor candidate for the

734:, but failed to advance in Congress for similar reasons. 5563: 4734:"Avanzan alianzas del MUS y sectores del PIP, PPT y PPD" 4651:"Acevedo Vilá rompe con el PPD y va por el ELA Soberano" 3937: 3808:

Yanira Hernández & Frances Rosario (June 18, 2010).

3525:

Siguen las Reacciones al Mensaje de Willie Miranda Marín

2817: 2792: 2443: 2301: 2236: 1590:

Regardless of the outcome of either vote, action by the

5774:"Political Status of Puerto Rico: Options for Congress" 5622: 5620: 4455: 4400: 4250: 4202:"El PPD juega "papa caliente" con el informe de status" 3445:

Representante "desconocido" no sabe escribir en español

3346:

Mi reacción al "Pacto de Futuro" del Presidente del PPD

3047:"Partido Popular Democrático tras un pacto "de centro"" 2427:

Ponencia del PPD ante el Comité de Descolonización 2006

2165:

Evaluación en Puerto Rico de los Tratados de Asociación

2031: 2029: 2016: 2014: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1863: 1861: 1836: 1834: 1821: 1819: 1635: 5663:

Víctor Alicea; Carmen Nydia Velázquez (May 12, 2012).

5658: 5656: 5284:"PIP presenta proyecto de ley para atender el estatus" 4866: 4181: 3230: 1873: 900:

Timeline of Sovereigntism in Puerto Rico (1970s–1990s)

893: 5626: 5213: 3878:"Conny usa la soberanía como arma contra su opositor" 3836: 3025: 2583: 2108:

Cita Histórica: The International Role of Puerto Rico

2041: 1922:"Satisfecho movimiento que impulsaba el ELA soberano" 1731: 1711:

United Nations list of non-self-governing territories

890:(PPD) can be traced to the moment of its foundation. 98:

Originated from initiatives dating back to the 1800s.

5617: 5184: 4431:"Aníbal José Torres en desacuerdo con la suspensión" 4086:"Soberanistas dejan puyú a Alejandro García Padilla" 4025:

La Insignia del MUS: su primera victoria ante la CEE

3940:"Críticas soberanistas al "Pacto de futuro" del PPD" 3875: 3651: 3479: 3442: 3287: 3151: 3044: 2874: 2698: 2026: 2011: 1999: 1987: 1970: 1858: 1846: 1831: 1816: 1804: 1596:

Territorial Clause of the United States Constitution

1488:

The leadership of the MUS prefers to avoid the term

5653: 4269: 4083: 3654:

Populares soberanistas censuran audiencias públicas

3268: 3252:

AAV criticizes PDP on status; says no to plesbicite

3208:"PROELA llama la atención sobre resolución del PPD" 3111:

PDP rejects associated republic as political status

3090: 2717: 2605: 2526: 2489: 2278: 5585: 5307:"Legislatura crea comisión para atender el status" 5286:(in Spanish). Metro Puerto Rico. September 3, 2013 4785: 4764: 4510: 4230:"Cox Alomar sentencia a muerte al ELA territorial" 4022: 3996:"Fas Alzamora le sale al paso a Hernández Mayoral" 3748:""Conny" Varela es electo nuevo alcalde de Caguas" 3507:Miranda Marín convoca a construir un país soberano 2987: 2949: 2601: 2599: 2485: 2483: 2424: 2387: 2184: 2162: 2124: 2105: 1647:United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization 1630:United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization 5695:(in Spanish). Metro Puerto Rico. February 2, 2014 5545:Antonio Fernós López-Cepero Jr. (April 8, 2009). 5366:Alcaldes populares quieren una asamblea de status 5178: 5160:"Vacante de la discordia – Vocero de Puerto Rico" 5107: 4532:"Carmen Yulín asegura que no aspirará a San Juan" 4144: 3362: 3325: 3249: 2663:Carta de Alejandro García Padilla a Héctor Ferrer 2256: 1304:then-candidate Ferrer was involved in a scandal. 6277: 5457:"Alargan el debate en el PPD - Desde Washington" 5385:"AGP pide a Legislatura actuar sobre el estatus" 4898:"Satisfecho movimiento a favor del ELA soberano" 4557: 4272:"En el PPD no hay espacio para los soberanistas" 4222: 3009:Las Elecciones las perdí yo y el Partido Popular 2545: 2060:Gilberto Concepción Suárez (November 18, 2010). 1447:Soberano y bonitillo pa' sacar a to' esos pillos 6019: 6017: 6015: 6013: 5581: 5579: 5387:(in Spanish). Metro Puerto Rico. April 29, 2014 5362: 5333: 5304: 5261: 4948:(in Spanish). Metro Puerto Rico. April 14, 2013 4671: 4623: 4529: 4349: 4126:Héctor L. Pesquera Sevillano (March 25, 2011). 3988: 3306: 3006: 2981: 2893: 2855: 2836: 2754: 2679: 2596: 2480: 2367:"Cámara aprueba proyecto sustitutivo de status" 1957: 1891: 1409: 1070:, as well as senators Antonio Fas Alzamora and 6091:. The North American Congress on Latin America 5604: 5518:"Hernández Mayoral renuncia a cargo en el PPD" 5407:"Caliente el estatus de cara a Convención PPD" 4895: 4232:(in Spanish). Metro Puerto Rico. July 25, 2013 3614: 1430:Movimiento Independentista Nacional Hostosiano 974:United States-Puerto Rico Political Status Act 803:Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War 6227:(in Spanish). Ediciones Puerto. p. 138. 5726: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5056:"Natal dice que si gana, Alejandro no pierde" 4702:"Defienden el ELA soberano como única opción" 4674:"Surge un grupo "Populares Pro ELA soberano"" 3960: 3674:Maricarmen Rivera Sánchez (January 5, 2010). 3541: 3504: 2914:Acevedo Vilá pide a Obama acción sobre status 2795:"Hector Ferrer asegura todos caben en el PPD" 630: 6089:The North American Congress on Latin America 6010: 5576: 4820:"24 alcaldías reportan el 100% de los votos" 4513:Para Carmen Yulín la segunda será la vencida 4106: 3933: 3931: 3544:Charlie Hernández: Las tribulaciones del PPD 3399: 3233:PIP calls PDP status vision 'statehood lite' 2969:Jackeline Del Toro Cordero (July 27, 2009). 2773: 2564: 2462: 326:30th House of Representatives of Puerto Rico 5859:"Part of our country but still not a State" 5771: 5627:Hiram Guadalupe Pérez (February 21, 2010). 4867:Eugenio Hopgood Dávila (November 8, 2012). 4590: 3231:Waldo D. Covas Quevedo (January 20, 2010). 3187: 2931:Maricarmen Rivera Sánchez (July 13, 2009). 2608:Hernández Mayoral: eje de la discordia roja 2529:Soberanistas renuncian a Secretaría del PPD 2408:Reclamo a redefinición ideológica en el PPD 2232: 2230: 2228: 2180: 2178: 2143: 688:("independence supporters"). Consequently, 5707: 5243:(in Spanish). NotiCel.com. August 20, 2013 5207: 4788:"¿Cómo quedó la Cámara de Representantes?" 3938:Israel Rodríguez Sánchez (July 30, 2010). 3778: 3517: 3480:Maritza Díaz Alcaide (February 15, 2010). 3045:Maritza Díaz Alcaide (September 5, 2009). 2699:Alba Y. Muñiz Gracia (February 25, 2010). 2625:Maricarmen Rivera Sánchez (May 27, 2009). 2492:Sigue el fuego cruzado entre los populares 2444:Néstor R. Duprey Salgado (April 8, 2009). 2333: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2053: 1456: 1311:Carmen Yulín's 2012 campaign headquarters. 637: 623: 29: 5755:"ELA Soberano", ¿solución decolonizadora? 5564:Enrique Vázquez Quintana (May 31, 2008). 5214:Melisa Ortega Marrero (August 18, 2013). 5110:"Un muchacho derrotó a la cúpula del PPD" 5036:(in Spanish). NotiCel.com. August 1, 2013 4779: 4758: 4653:(in Spanish). NotiCel.com. April 11, 2012 4617: 4456:Yanira Hernández Cabiya (June 19, 2012). 4401:Yanira Hernández Cabiya (June 13, 2012). 4319: 4317: 4292: 4251:Yennifer Álvarez Jaimes (July 15, 2011). 4182:Carlos Delgado Altieri (April 11, 2011). 4043:MUS denuncia carpeteo popular ante la CEE 3928: 3455: 3288:Alba Y. Muñiz Gracia (January 27, 2010). 3152:Daniel Rivera Vargas (January 22, 2010). 3147: 3145: 3126: 3124: 2818:Yamilet Millán Rodríguez (June 8, 2009). 2793:Ivelisse Rivera Quiñones (June 7, 2009). 2718:Javier Colón Dávila (September 3, 2009). 2320: 1686:Proposed political status for Puerto Rico 1503: 1222:within the party and of ALAS and Ponce's 1131:Proyecto de Alianza e Impacto Soberanista 866:, instead being reorganized into the new 831:, during the inaugural convention of the 791: 5501: 5185:Brenda I. Peña López (August 14, 2013). 4382:(in Spanish). NotiCel.com. June 19, 2012 4302:(in Spanish). NotiCel.com. July 18, 2011 3319: 3269:Carmen Arroyo Colón (January 27, 2010). 3091:Carmen Arroyo Colón (January 18, 2010). 3068: 3066: 3026:William Miranda Marín (August 8, 2009). 2711: 2520: 2295: 2279:Ángel Israel Rivera (November 1, 2013). 2252: 2250: 2225: 2175: 2125:Angel Ortiz Guzmán (September 7, 2006). 1507: 1306: 1135: 983: 918: 877: 651:free association movement in Puerto Rico 244:17th Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico 54:Multi-Partisan non-governmental movement 5749: 5747: 5745: 4786:Keila López Alicea (November 7, 2012). 4767:"El Senado será dominado por populares" 4765:Keila López Alicea (November 7, 2012). 4403:"Suspenden a Charlie Hernández del PPD" 4073:from the original on February 22, 2014. 4023:Ángel Ortiz Guzmán (January 16, 2011). 3876:Gerald López-Cespero (August 7, 2010). 3669: 3667: 3608: 3473: 3443:Alex Fernández Rivas (March 14, 2010). 3326:Eva Llorens Vélez (February 11, 2010). 3181: 2584:William Miranda Marín (April 8, 2009). 2456: 2272: 2072: 1649:has often referred to Puerto Rico as a 1550:, then-President of the United States. 947:promoted by the PNP, administration of 6278: 6222: 6064:. Puerto Rico Report. February 3, 2017 5941:. Puerto Rico Report. February 3, 2017 5856: 5641:from the original on February 26, 2014 5607:El MINH y la libre asociación soberana 4970:. Diario de Puerto Rico. July 25, 2013 4746:from the original on February 22, 2014 4714:from the original on February 22, 2014 4605:from the original on February 26, 2014 4314: 4175: 3890:from the original on February 26, 2014 3760:from the original on February 22, 2014 3652:Daniel Rivera Vargas (March 2, 2010). 3300: 3250:Eva Llorens Vélez (January 27, 2010). 3142: 3121: 2943: 2875:Iván A. Rivera Reyes (June 23, 2009). 2381: 2047: 2035: 2020: 2005: 1993: 1981: 1934:from the original on February 22, 2014 1879: 1867: 1852: 1840: 1825: 1810: 1483: 1461: 888:Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico) 507:United States House of Representatives 6082: 5665:"El Susazo: No se tiren pa' mondongo" 5586:Angel Ortiz Guzmán (April 29, 2009). 5363:José A. Delgado (February 26, 2014). 5108:Brenda Peña López (August 15, 2013). 5062:from the original on February 4, 2014 4270:María Cristina Cela (July 15, 2011). 4084:Roberto Mercado Jr. (March 3, 2011). 4077: 4035: 3356: 3271:Acevedo Vilá entra en la controversia 3063: 2988:Keila López Alicea (August 4, 2009). 2757:Aviva Acevedo Vilá a los soberanistas 2748: 2527:Javier Colón Dávila (June 19, 2009). 2425:Angel Ortiz Guzmán (April 29, 2009). 2247: 2185:Angel Ortiz Guzmán (April 29, 2009). 2106:Angel Ortiz Guzmán (April 29, 2009). 1892:José A. Delgado (November 11, 2012). 1726:Index of Puerto Rico-related articles 1119:Alianza Pro-Libre Asociación Soberana 959:for the governorship, representative 886:The pursue of sovereignty within the 827:and allowed it to become a sovereign 776:Alianza pro Libre Asociación Soberana 653:refers to initiatives throughout the 6023: 5829: 5742: 5334:José A. Delgado (January 15, 2014). 5305:José A. Delgado (February 2, 2014). 5058:. Primerahora.com. August 10, 2013. 4672:José A. Delgado (October 29, 2012). 4511:Keila López Alicea (April 5, 2012). 4350:José A. Delgado (October 24, 2012). 4300:"Con nueva Junta de Gobierno el PPD" 4253:Le saca el cuerpo a los soberanistas 4119: 3855:"A las urnas el bastión soberanista" 3664: 3617:Entrevista con alcalde de Juana Díaz 3615:Damaris Suárez (February 22, 2010). 3494:from the original on April 21, 2014. 3414:from the original on April 21, 2014. 3307:Frances Rosario (January 27, 2010). 3224: 3220:from the original on April 21, 2014. 3059:from the original on April 21, 2014. 2950:Yalixa Rivera Cruz (July 27, 2009). 2807:from the original on April 21, 2014. 2606:Javier Colón Dávila (May 27, 2009). 2490:Javier Colón Dávila (May 28, 2009). 2476:from the original on April 21, 2014. 2437: 2388:Ángel Ortiz Guzmán (July 20, 2009). 2369:. Puerto Rico Herald. March 18, 2005 2163:Ángel Ortiz Guzmán (July 29, 2010). 1953: 1951: 1949: 1555:Puerto Rican status referendum, 2017 1344:, Carlos Rechani, Darlene Reyes and 1127:Instituto Soberanista Puertorriqueño 1005:Acevedo Vilá, Miranda Marín and the 786:Puerto Rican status referendum, 2012 678:Estado Libre Asociado (ELA) Soberano 512:Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico 6085:"Puerto Rico at the United Nations" 5502:Laureano, Eva (December 20, 2015). 5262:Rebecca Banuchi (August 21, 2013). 4896:Mariana Cobián (November 7, 2012). 4558:Israel Rodríguez (March 27, 2012). 4145:Iván Rivera Reyes (April 4, 2011). 3542:Candida Cotto (February 24, 2010). 3505:Carmen Arroyo (February 15, 2010). 3363:Eva Llorens Vélez (March 9, 2010). 2767: 2187:El origen de las Plumitas Liberales 2156: 2137: 1706:Special Committee on Decolonization 1375:Puerto Rican government-debt crisis 1189:, 2012 referendum and David Bernier 894:Initial PPD proposals; other groups 732:UN General Assembly Resolution 1514 13: 6242: 5588:El Independentismo y la Asociación 4624:José A. Delgado (April 15, 2012). 4530:Frances Rosario (March 21, 2012). 3598:Ferrer defiende el ELA territorial 3007:Frances Rosario (August 4, 2009). 2627:Continua dividida la ideología PPD 2565:Ramón Nieves (February 19, 2010). 2463:Irene Garzón (February 24, 2010). 1958:Celeste Benítez (April 22, 1989). 1618:, countries that currently have a 1540: 1404:Supreme Court of the United States 815:presented a proposal based on the 709:United Nations Trusteeship Council 14: 6297: 6058:"What's a Free Associated State?" 6024:Coto, Danica (February 3, 2017). 5935:"What's a Free Associated State?" 5605:Julio Muriente (August 9, 2002). 3910:"Soberanista pero no tan radical" 3781:"Cientos repudian a Conny Varela" 2894:José A. Delgado (June 25, 2009). 2856:Luis Vega Ramos (June 19, 2009). 2680:José A. Delgado (June 22, 2009). 2546:Pedro J. Morales (May 30, 2009). 1946: 1670:Puerto Rico Democracy Act of 2007 1357:were nothing but a "few quills". 1169:Mayoral that received support by 1165:and PROELA defended sovereignty. 817:British North America Act of 1867 46:1998 (as an official vote option) 6187: 6157: 6133: 6076: 6050: 5989: 5983: 5953: 5927: 5899: 5857:Crabbe, Nathan (June 15, 2014). 5850: 5823: 5791: 5779:. Congressional Research Service 5765: 5685: 5598: 5557: 5538: 5524: 5510: 5495: 5477: 5463: 5449: 5435: 5417: 5399: 5377: 5356: 5327: 5298: 5276: 5255: 5233: 5152: 5130: 5101: 5074: 5048: 5026: 5004: 4982: 4960: 4938: 4918: 4889: 4860: 4832: 4812: 4726: 4710:(in Spanish). October 31, 2012. 4694: 4665: 4643: 4584: 4551: 4523: 4504: 4478: 4449: 4423: 4394: 4372: 4343: 4263: 4244: 4194: 4157: 4138: 4100: 4069:(in Spanish). February 3, 2011. 4053: 4016: 3968:"Fas Alzamora declara la guerra" 3902: 3869: 3847: 3830: 3810:"Sacan a Conny Varela de Caguas" 3801: 3772: 3740: 3722: 3704: 3216:(in Spanish). January 19, 2010. 3188:Eva Llorens (January 20, 2010). 2837:Frances Rosario (June 8, 2009). 2755:José A. Delgado (June 4, 2009). 2701:Asoma nueva alternativa política 2586:Crisis y Desafío del Autonomismo 2144:L.G. Massas (February 4, 2010). 1930:(in Spanish). November 7, 2012. 1765: 1753: 1741: 1716:Privileges and Immunities Clause 1681:Territories of the United States 1348:. Of them only Natal was openly 1154:General Assembly Resolution 2625 603: 116: 6216: 5967:. BALLOTPEDIA. February 6, 2017 5014:. Touch.metro.pr. July 27, 2013 4992:. Touch.metro.pr. July 22, 2013 4828:(in Spanish). November 7, 2012. 4742:(in Spanish). August 28, 2012. 4352:"Populares con el ELA soberano" 3686: 3645: 3627: 3590: 3572: 3554: 3535: 3498: 3436: 3418: 3393: 3375: 3338: 3281: 3262: 3243: 3200: 3177:(in Spanish). January 19, 2010. 3164: 3103: 3084: 3038: 3028:Encuestas y honestidad política 3019: 3000: 2962: 2924: 2906: 2887: 2868: 2849: 2830: 2811: 2786: 2730: 2692: 2673: 2655: 2637: 2618: 2577: 2558: 2539: 2502: 2418: 2400: 2359: 2323:ELA Soberano o Libre Asociación 2314: 2213:(in Spanish). November 29, 2010 2197: 2118: 2099: 1785: 1701:Political status of Puerto Rico 1640:Political status of Puerto Rico 1514:Estado Libre Associado Soberano 1421:Partido por la Libre Asociación 923:Rafael Cordero Santiago's grave 910:Pronunciamiento de Aguas Buenas 442:Puerto Rican Independence Party 23:Soberanismo libreasociacionista 16:Movement to achieve sovereignty 5830:Wyss, Jim (January 26, 2017). 4869:"El 'milagro' de Carmen Yulín" 4848:(in Spanish). November 7, 2012 4591:Nydia Bauzá (March 26, 2012). 4107:José Santori (March 9, 2011). 3400:Irene Garzon (March 8, 2010). 1914: 1894:"La aritmética del plebiscito" 1885: 1665:Puerto Rico statehood movement 1095:were expelled from the party. 1079:in two well-defined factions, 929:Bar Association of Puerto Rico 1: 6223:Roberto Colón Ocasio (2009). 4184:Un informe de unidad y futuro 4004:(in Spanish). August 17, 2010 3756:(in Spanish). June 12, 2010. 3093:Rechazo a la Libre Asociación 2952:Positivo el mensaje de Ferrer 2896:Nueva Audiencia, viejas dudas 2774:José Delgado (June 4, 2009). 2390:Territorio o Libre Asociación 2341:"Natimuerto proyecto estatus" 2304:JUNTOS a la buena o a la mala 1960:Las Dos Almas del Autonomismo 1083:that support sovereignty and 1029:'s administration released a 598:Politics of the United States 484:Municipalities of Puerto Rico 198:Government-owned corporations 5799:"Papeleta Modelo Plebiscito" 5162:. Vocero.com. Archived from 4934:(in Spanish). July 15, 2011. 4840:"Willito revalida en Caguas" 4796:(in Spanish). Archived from 4165:Comunicado de Prensa de ALAS 3779:Alba Muñiz (June 14, 2010). 3383:Asociación en blanco y negro 3154:Guerra ideológica en la Pava 2321:Luis Vega (August 5, 2009). 1798: 1691:Voting rights in Puerto Rico 1410:Other movements and activism 1400:Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle 868:Liberal Party of Puerto Rico 819:, the accord that ended the 781:Movimiento Unión Soberanista 7: 5772:Sam Garrett (May 7, 2011). 4626:"Coge ALAS el ELA soberano" 4210:(in Spanish). April 7, 2011 3976:(in Spanish). July 30, 2010 2738:Insta al PPD a hablar claro 2682:No al Proyecto de Pierluisi 1657: 1620:Compact of Free Association 1564:Compact of Free Association 1360:At the PPD Convention, the 1224:Movimiento Autónomo Ponceño 1106:'s H.R. 2499 (known as the 10: 6302: 4088:(in Spanish). EnVivoPR.com 2839:En veremos la conciliación 1439:Epifanio González Villamil 897: 882:Román Baldorioty de Castro 813:Román Baldorioty de Castro 800: 447:Citizen's Victory Movement 253:26th Senate of Puerto Rico 193:Fiscal agent and financing 143:United States Constitution 72:Sovereign Free Association 44:1961 (in its current form) 2877:Las tres viciones del ELA 2062:El directorio soberanista 1638:has been considering the 1108:Puerto Rico Democracy Act 979:United States Citizenship 562:Proposed political status 271:Larry Seilhamer Rodríguez 94: 84: 76: 68: 58: 50: 40: 28: 3290:Arremeten contra Colberg 2990:Escrito levanta pasiones 2933:Status quedaría relegado 2858:Miedo: el último recurso 2820:El ELA pertenece a todos 2720:"Blindado" Miranda Marín 2567:PPD, soberanía y el 11-S 1778: 1676:Puerto Rican citizenship 1672:(H.R. 900 & S. 1936) 1622:with the United States. 1571:would be U.S. citizens. 1473:Puerto Rican citizenship 1056:Alejandro García Padilla 743:Popular Democratic Party 659:current political status 459:Political party strength 437:Popular Democratic Party 353:Gabriel Rodríguez Aguiló 322:House of Representatives 148:Puerto Rico Constitution 63:Political advocacy group 6286:Politics of Puerto Rico 6262:2027/mdp.39015038896125 5738:. Antonio Fas Alzamora. 5547:Soberanía en Asociación 3171:"Regalo de Octavitas". 2446:La Hora de la Soberanía 1696:Politics of Puerto Rico 1530: 1520: 1457:Institutional proposals 1402:, a case active in the 1318:Amigos del ELA Soberano 994:José Aponte de la Torre 953:Rafael Cordero Santiago 759:Rafael Cordero Santiago 755:José Aponte de la Torre 670:freely associated state 289:Ángel Chayanne Martínez 258:President of the Senate 109:Politics of Puerto Rico 89:ELAQueTodosQueremos.com 6083:López, Ana M. (2014). 2971:Nuevo Pacto Social ELA 2283:(in Spanish). 80grados 2205:"Una enmienda crucial" 1721:Outline of Puerto Rico 1592:United States Congress 1538: 1528: 1517: 1504:Referendum definitions 1312: 1141: 1023:2004 general elections 989: 941:Victoria Muñoz Mendoza 927:During the 1980s, the 924: 906:Directorio Soberanista 883: 823:'s colonial rule over 792:Historical progression 747:1998 status referendum 739:Rafael Hernández Colón 657:aimed at changing the 655:history of Puerto Rico 502:Federal representation 208:Office of the Governor 5761:. September 12, 2013. 4490:Telemundo Puerto Rico 3369:Puerto Rico Daily Sun 3332:Puerto Rico Daily Sun 3256:Puerto Rico Daily Sun 3237:Puerto Rico Daily Sun 3194:Puerto Rico Daily Sun 3115:Puerto Rico Daily Sun 2510:Carta a Héctor Ferrer 2262:Sobre el ELA Soberano 1534: 1524: 1511: 1310: 1140:William Miranda Marín 1139: 1062:, Charlie Hernández, 1042:and Fas Alzamora and 987: 965:William Miranda Marín 939:The 1990s began with 922: 881: 751:William Miranda Marín 714:Estado Libre Asociado 698:Resident Commissioner 682:independence movement 479:Mayors in Puerto Rico 432:New Progressive Party 280:Carmelo Ríos Santiago 267:President pro tempore 188:Executive departments 6034:. DC. Archived from 5566:Alta Autoridad Común 5520:. December 21, 2015. 4147:La suprema encerrona 3604:. February 16, 2010. 3586:. February 21, 2010. 3568:. February 16, 2010. 3531:. February 16, 2010. 3352:. February 10, 2010. 3080:. November 27, 2009. 2776:Uno a Uno con Ferrer 2414:. December 27, 2005. 1425:Partido Acción Civil 1251:criticized that the 1230:to convince US Rep. 1015:Antonio Fas Alzamora 845:Union of Puerto Rico 841:Spanish–American War 837:autonomous provinces 701:Antonio Fernós-Isern 672:. Locally, the term 262:Thomas Rivera Schatz 6201:. UN. June 20, 2016 6038:on February 4, 2017 3469:. February 2, 2010. 3138:. January 22, 2010. 3117:. January 19, 2010. 2127:El Futuro de PROELA 1601:If the majority of 1484:Criteria of the MUS 1468:Pacto de Asociación 1466:The premise of the 1462:Criteria of the PPD 1346:Manuel Natal Albelo 1272:Pacto de Asociacion 1187:Pacto de Asociación 988:Aníbal Acevedo Vilá 961:Aníbal Acevedo Vilá 957:Héctor Luis Acevedo 705:Commonwealth realms 610:Politics portal 340:Speaker pro tempore 25: 6256:. August 1, 1966. 6062:Puerto Rico Report 5939:Puerto Rico Report 5887:. January 22, 2014 5534:. January 8, 2016. 5489:www.elnuevodia.com 5166:on August 16, 2013 4800:on January 1, 2014 4128:Habló el americano 3676:Amarga celebración 2146:El PPD Tiene Miedo 1518: 1498:self-determination 1392:Secretary of State 1384:Samuel Issacharoff 1313: 1171:Sila Mari González 1142: 990: 951:where Ponce mayor 925: 884: 849:Antonio R. Barceló 517:Jenniffer González 344:José Torres Zamora 213:Transition process 203:Line of succession 21: 6180:978-92-1-810211-9 6153:on July 31, 2009. 6126:978-92-1-810211-9 5865:. Gainesville, FL 4331:. October 4, 2011 3074:El Status Híbrido 2258:Ramón Luis Nieves 2095:. April 13, 2009. 1293:general elections 1280:Rafael Cox Alomar 1060:Carmen Yulín Cruz 1031:task force report 998:status referendum 945:status referendum 934:Junta de Gobierno 811:. In March 1887, 784:(MUS). As of the 647: 646: 496:Federal relations 427:Political Parties 362:Urayoán Hernández 102: 101: 6293: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6238: 6211: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6161: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6146:. Archived from 6145: 6137: 6131: 6130: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6080: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6069: 6054: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6021: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5987: 5981: 5980: 5974: 5972: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5915:. April 13, 2017 5903: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5881: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5854: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5810: 5803: 5795: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5778: 5769: 5763: 5762: 5751: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5728: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5689: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5660: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5624: 5615: 5614: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5583: 5574: 5573: 5561: 5555: 5554: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5528: 5522: 5521: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5467: 5461: 5460: 5453: 5447: 5446: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5403: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5331: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5259: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5237: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5140:. Touch.metro.pr 5134: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4964: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4864: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4836: 4830: 4829: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4783: 4777: 4776: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4572:on March 6, 2014 4568:. Archived from 4555: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4527: 4521: 4520: 4508: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4492:. March 18, 2012 4482: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4398: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4321: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4171:. April 3, 2011. 4161: 4155: 4154: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4104: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4049:. March 1, 2011. 4039: 4033: 4032: 4020: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4009: 3992: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3964: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3935: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3916:. August 9, 2010 3906: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3690: 3684: 3683: 3671: 3662: 3661: 3649: 3643: 3642: 3641:. March 2, 2010. 3631: 3625: 3624: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3576: 3570: 3569: 3558: 3552: 3551: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3432:. March 9, 2010. 3422: 3416: 3415: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3389:. March 9, 2010. 3379: 3373: 3372: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3149: 3140: 3139: 3128: 3119: 3118: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3070: 3061: 3060: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3023: 3017: 3016: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2920:. June 18, 2009. 2910: 2904: 2903: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2771: 2765: 2764: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2715: 2709: 2708: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2603: 2594: 2593: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2524: 2518: 2517: 2506: 2500: 2499: 2487: 2478: 2477: 2460: 2454: 2453: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2422: 2416: 2415: 2404: 2398: 2397: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2347:. April 11, 2005 2337: 2331: 2330: 2318: 2312: 2311: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2276: 2270: 2269: 2254: 2245: 2244: 2234: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2201: 2195: 2194: 2182: 2173: 2172: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2122: 2116: 2115: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2085: 2070: 2069: 2057: 2051: 2045: 2039: 2033: 2024: 2018: 2009: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1985: 1979: 1968: 1967: 1955: 1944: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1918: 1912: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1889: 1883: 1882:, p. XXIII. 1877: 1871: 1865: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1829: 1823: 1814: 1808: 1792: 1789: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1737: 1634:Since 1953, the 1612:Marshall Islands 1576:Ricardo Rosselló 1068:Luis Raúl Torres 872:Luis Muñoz Marín 864:Republican Party 860:Great Depression 856:Phillip Campbell 833:Autonomist Party 723:Luis Muñoz Marín 686:independentistas 639: 632: 625: 608: 607: 550:Political status 371:Tatito Hernández 315:José Luis Dalmau 120: 104: 103: 33: 26: 20: 6301: 6300: 6296: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6291: 6290: 6276: 6275: 6266: 6264: 6248: 6245: 6243:Further reading 6235: 6219: 6214: 6204: 6202: 6193: 6192: 6188: 6181: 6163: 6162: 6158: 6150: 6143: 6139: 6138: 6134: 6127: 6109: 6108: 6104: 6094: 6092: 6081: 6077: 6067: 6065: 6056: 6055: 6051: 6041: 6039: 6031:Washington Post 6022: 6011: 6001: 5999: 5988: 5984: 5970: 5968: 5959: 5958: 5954: 5944: 5942: 5933: 5932: 5928: 5918: 5916: 5905: 5904: 5900: 5890: 5888: 5883: 5882: 5878: 5868: 5866: 5863:Gainesville Sun 5855: 5851: 5841: 5839: 5828: 5824: 5814: 5812: 5811:on May 22, 2014 5808: 5801: 5797: 5796: 5792: 5782: 5780: 5776: 5770: 5766: 5753: 5752: 5743: 5735: 5729: 5708: 5698: 5696: 5691: 5690: 5686: 5676: 5674: 5661: 5654: 5644: 5642: 5625: 5618: 5603: 5599: 5584: 5577: 5562: 5558: 5543: 5539: 5530: 5529: 5525: 5516: 5515: 5511: 5500: 5496: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5469: 5468: 5464: 5455: 5454: 5450: 5441: 5440: 5436: 5423: 5422: 5418: 5405: 5404: 5400: 5390: 5388: 5383: 5382: 5378: 5361: 5357: 5347: 5345: 5332: 5328: 5318: 5316: 5303: 5299: 5289: 5287: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5260: 5256: 5246: 5244: 5239: 5238: 5234: 5224: 5222: 5212: 5208: 5198: 5196: 5183: 5179: 5169: 5167: 5158: 5157: 5153: 5143: 5141: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5121: 5119: 5106: 5102: 5092: 5090: 5080: 5079: 5075: 5065: 5063: 5054: 5053: 5049: 5039: 5037: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5017: 5015: 5010: 5009: 5005: 4995: 4993: 4988: 4987: 4983: 4973: 4971: 4966: 4965: 4961: 4951: 4949: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4924: 4923: 4919: 4909: 4907: 4894: 4890: 4880: 4878: 4865: 4861: 4851: 4849: 4838: 4837: 4833: 4818: 4817: 4813: 4803: 4801: 4784: 4780: 4763: 4759: 4749: 4747: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4717: 4715: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4685: 4683: 4670: 4666: 4656: 4654: 4649: 4648: 4644: 4634: 4632: 4622: 4618: 4608: 4606: 4589: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4556: 4552: 4542: 4540: 4528: 4524: 4509: 4505: 4495: 4493: 4484: 4483: 4479: 4469: 4467: 4454: 4450: 4440: 4438: 4429: 4428: 4424: 4414: 4412: 4399: 4395: 4385: 4383: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4363: 4361: 4348: 4344: 4334: 4332: 4323: 4322: 4315: 4305: 4303: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4283: 4281: 4268: 4264: 4249: 4245: 4235: 4233: 4228: 4227: 4223: 4213: 4211: 4200: 4199: 4195: 4180: 4176: 4163: 4162: 4158: 4143: 4139: 4124: 4120: 4109:Estatus Quietus 4105: 4101: 4091: 4089: 4082: 4078: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4021: 4017: 4007: 4005: 3994: 3993: 3989: 3979: 3977: 3966: 3965: 3961: 3951: 3949: 3936: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3893: 3891: 3874: 3870: 3860: 3858: 3857:. July 29, 2010 3853: 3852: 3848: 3835: 3831: 3821: 3819: 3806: 3802: 3792: 3790: 3777: 3773: 3763: 3761: 3746: 3745: 3741: 3736:. May 26, 2010. 3728: 3727: 3723: 3718:. May 19, 2010. 3710: 3709: 3705: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3672: 3665: 3650: 3646: 3633: 3632: 3628: 3613: 3609: 3596: 3595: 3591: 3578: 3577: 3573: 3560: 3559: 3555: 3540: 3536: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3503: 3499: 3478: 3474: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3441: 3437: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3398: 3394: 3381: 3380: 3376: 3361: 3357: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3324: 3320: 3305: 3301: 3286: 3282: 3267: 3263: 3248: 3244: 3229: 3225: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3186: 3182: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3150: 3143: 3130: 3129: 3122: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3089: 3085: 3072: 3071: 3064: 3043: 3039: 3024: 3020: 3005: 3001: 2986: 2982: 2967: 2963: 2948: 2944: 2929: 2925: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2892: 2888: 2873: 2869: 2854: 2850: 2835: 2831: 2816: 2812: 2791: 2787: 2772: 2768: 2753: 2749: 2744:. June 1, 2009. 2736: 2735: 2731: 2716: 2712: 2697: 2693: 2678: 2674: 2669:. May 27, 2009. 2661: 2660: 2656: 2651:. May 27, 2009. 2643: 2642: 2638: 2623: 2619: 2604: 2597: 2582: 2578: 2563: 2559: 2544: 2540: 2525: 2521: 2516:. May 26, 2009. 2508: 2507: 2503: 2488: 2481: 2461: 2457: 2442: 2438: 2423: 2419: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2386: 2382: 2372: 2370: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2350: 2348: 2345:Univision Radio 2339: 2338: 2334: 2319: 2315: 2300: 2296: 2286: 2284: 2277: 2273: 2260:(May 5, 2009). 2255: 2248: 2235: 2226: 2216: 2214: 2203: 2202: 2198: 2183: 2176: 2161: 2157: 2142: 2138: 2123: 2119: 2104: 2100: 2087: 2086: 2073: 2058: 2054: 2046: 2042: 2034: 2027: 2019: 2012: 2004: 2000: 1992: 1988: 1980: 1971: 1956: 1947: 1937: 1935: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1905: 1903: 1890: 1886: 1878: 1874: 1866: 1859: 1851: 1847: 1839: 1832: 1824: 1817: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1795: 1790: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1766: 1764: 1754: 1752: 1742: 1740: 1732: 1730: 1660: 1632: 1543: 1541:2017 referendum 1533: 1523: 1506: 1486: 1464: 1459: 1412: 1276:Pacto de futuro 1253:Pacto de futuro 1208:Josian Santiago 1191: 1104:Pedro Pierluisi 1064:Luis Vega Ramos 1040:Luis Vega Ramos 1010: 902: 896: 805: 799: 794: 761:. In 2008, the 643: 614: 602: 589: 588: 552: 542: 541: 497: 489: 488: 474: 464: 463: 452:Proyect Dignity 417: 409: 408: 399: 389: 388: 380:Ramón Luis Cruz 367:Minority Leader 349:Majority Leader 294:Minority Leader 276:Majority Leader 235: 225: 224: 168: 158: 157: 153:Puerto Rico law 138: 111: 45: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6299: 6289: 6288: 6274: 6273: 6244: 6241: 6240: 6239: 6234:978-1934461662 6233: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6212: 6199:United Nations 6186: 6179: 6156: 6132: 6125: 6102: 6075: 6049: 6009: 5982: 5952: 5926: 5898: 5876: 5849: 5838:. Miami Herald 5822: 5790: 5764: 5757:(in Spanish). 5741: 5706: 5684: 5652: 5637:(in Spanish). 5616: 5609:(in Spanish). 5597: 5590:(in Spanish). 5575: 5568:(in Spanish). 5556: 5549:(in Spanish). 5537: 5523: 5509: 5494: 5485:"El Nuevo Día" 5476: 5462: 5448: 5434: 5416: 5398: 5376: 5369:(in Spanish). 5355: 5326: 5297: 5275: 5254: 5232: 5218:(in Spanish). 5206: 5177: 5151: 5129: 5100: 5073: 5047: 5025: 5003: 4981: 4959: 4937: 4917: 4888: 4859: 4831: 4811: 4778: 4757: 4725: 4693: 4664: 4642: 4628:(in Spanish). 4616: 4601:(in Spanish). 4583: 4550: 4522: 4503: 4488:(in Spanish). 4477: 4448: 4437:. July 9, 2012 4422: 4393: 4371: 4342: 4327:(in Spanish). 4313: 4291: 4262: 4255:(in Spanish). 4243: 4221: 4193: 4186:(in Spanish). 4174: 4167:(in Spanish). 4156: 4149:(in Spanish). 4137: 4130:(in Spanish). 4118: 4111:(in Spanish). 4099: 4076: 4052: 4045:(in Spanish). 4034: 4027:(in Spanish). 4015: 3987: 3959: 3927: 3912:(in Spanish). 3901: 3886:(in Spanish). 3868: 3846: 3829: 3800: 3771: 3739: 3732:(in Spanish). 3721: 3714:(in Spanish). 3703: 3700:. May 5, 2010. 3696:(in Spanish). 3685: 3678:(in Spanish). 3663: 3656:(in Spanish). 3644: 3637:(in Spanish). 3626: 3619:(in Spanish). 3607: 3600:(in Spanish). 3589: 3582:(in Spanish). 3571: 3564:(in Spanish). 3553: 3546:(in Spanish). 3534: 3527:(in Spanish). 3516: 3509:(in Spanish). 3497: 3490:(in Spanish). 3472: 3465:(in Spanish). 3454: 3447:(in Spanish). 3435: 3428:(in Spanish). 3417: 3410:(in Spanish). 3392: 3385:(in Spanish). 3374: 3355: 3348:(in Spanish). 3337: 3330:(in Spanish). 3318: 3311:(in Spanish). 3299: 3292:(in Spanish). 3280: 3273:(in Spanish). 3261: 3242: 3223: 3199: 3180: 3163: 3156:(in Spanish). 3141: 3120: 3102: 3095:(in Spanish). 3083: 3076:(in Spanish). 3062: 3055:(in Spanish). 3037: 3030:(in Spanish). 3018: 3011:(in Spanish). 2999: 2992:(in Spanish). 2980: 2973:(in Spanish). 2961: 2954:(in Spanish). 2942: 2935:(in Spanish). 2923: 2916:(in Spanish). 2905: 2898:(in Spanish). 2886: 2879:(in Spanish). 2867: 2848: 2841:(in Spanish). 2829: 2822:(in Spanish). 2810: 2803:(in Spanish). 2785: 2778:(in Spanish). 2766: 2759:(in Spanish). 2747: 2740:(in Spanish). 2729: 2722:(in Spanish). 2710: 2703:(in Spanish). 2691: 2684:(in Spanish). 2672: 2665:(in Spanish). 2654: 2647:(in Spanish). 2636: 2629:(in Spanish). 2617: 2610:(in Spanish). 2595: 2588:(in Spanish). 2576: 2569:(in Spanish). 2557: 2550:(in Spanish). 2538: 2531:(in Spanish). 2519: 2512:(in Spanish). 2501: 2494:(in Spanish). 2479: 2472:(in Spanish). 2455: 2448:(in Spanish). 2436: 2429:(in Spanish). 2417: 2410:(in Spanish). 2399: 2392:(in Spanish). 2380: 2358: 2343:(in Spanish). 2332: 2325:(in Spanish). 2313: 2306:(in Spanish). 2294: 2271: 2264:(in Spanish). 2246: 2224: 2196: 2189:(in Spanish). 2174: 2167:(in Spanish). 2155: 2148:(in Spanish). 2136: 2129:(in Spanish). 2117: 2110:(in Spanish). 2098: 2091:(in Spanish). 2071: 2064:(in Spanish). 2052: 2050:, p. XVI. 2040: 2025: 2010: 1998: 1986: 1969: 1945: 1913: 1884: 1872: 1870:, p. XXI. 1857: 1855:, p. 267. 1845: 1843:, p. 140. 1830: 1828:, p. 138. 1815: 1813:, p. 429. 1802: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1793: 1783: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1774: 1762: 1750: 1729: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1667: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1645:Note that the 1631: 1628: 1542: 1539: 1532: 1529: 1522: 1519: 1505: 1502: 1485: 1482: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1411: 1408: 1190: 1184: 1077:estadolibrismo 1027:George W. Bush 1009: 1003: 949:Pedro Rosselló 898:Main article: 895: 892: 847:, then led by 821:United Kingdom 809:Spanish Empire 801:Main article: 798: 795: 793: 790: 645: 644: 642: 641: 634: 627: 619: 616: 615: 613: 612: 600: 594: 591: 590: 587: 586: 585: 584: 579: 574: 569: 559: 557:Current status 553: 548: 547: 544: 543: 540: 539: 534: 533: 532: 531: 530: 529: 528: 498: 495: 494: 491: 490: 487: 486: 481: 475: 472:Municipalities 470: 469: 466: 465: 462: 461: 456: 455: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 424: 418: 415: 414: 411: 410: 407: 406: 400: 395: 394: 391: 390: 387: 386: 385: 384: 383: 382: 373: 364: 355: 346: 337: 319: 318: 317: 308: 298:Eduardo Bhatia 291: 282: 273: 264: 236: 231: 230: 227: 226: 223: 222: 217: 216: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 183:Chief of Staff 180: 169: 164: 163: 160: 159: 156: 155: 150: 145: 139: 130: 129: 126: 125: 122: 121: 113: 112: 107: 100: 99: 96: 92: 91: 86: 82: 81: 78: 74: 73: 70: 66: 65: 60: 56: 55: 52: 48: 47: 42: 38: 37: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6298: 6287: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6246: 6236: 6230: 6226: 6221: 6220: 6200: 6196: 6190: 6182: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6167: 6160: 6149: 6142: 6136: 6128: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6113: 6106: 6090: 6086: 6079: 6063: 6059: 6053: 6037: 6033: 6032: 6027: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6014: 5997: 5993: 5986: 5979: 5966: 5962: 5956: 5940: 5936: 5930: 5914: 5913: 5908: 5902: 5886: 5880: 5864: 5860: 5853: 5837: 5833: 5826: 5807: 5800: 5794: 5775: 5768: 5760: 5756: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5734: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5694: 5688: 5677:September 16, 5672: 5671: 5666: 5659: 5657: 5640: 5636: 5635: 5630: 5623: 5621: 5612: 5608: 5601: 5593: 5589: 5582: 5580: 5571: 5567: 5560: 5552: 5548: 5541: 5533: 5527: 5519: 5513: 5505: 5498: 5490: 5486: 5480: 5472: 5466: 5458: 5452: 5444: 5438: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5412: 5408: 5402: 5386: 5380: 5372: 5368: 5367: 5359: 5343: 5342: 5337: 5330: 5314: 5313: 5308: 5301: 5285: 5279: 5272:(in Spanish). 5271: 5270: 5265: 5258: 5242: 5236: 5221: 5217: 5210: 5194: 5193: 5188: 5181: 5165: 5161: 5155: 5139: 5133: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5104: 5089: 5088: 5083: 5077: 5061: 5057: 5051: 5035: 5029: 5013: 5007: 4991: 4985: 4969: 4963: 4947: 4941: 4933: 4932: 4927: 4921: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4892: 4876: 4875: 4870: 4863: 4847: 4846: 4841: 4835: 4827: 4826: 4821: 4815: 4799: 4795: 4794: 4789: 4782: 4775:(in Spanish). 4774: 4773: 4768: 4761: 4745: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4729: 4713: 4709: 4708: 4703: 4697: 4681: 4680: 4675: 4668: 4652: 4646: 4631: 4627: 4620: 4604: 4600: 4599: 4594: 4587: 4571: 4567: 4566: 4561: 4554: 4539: 4538: 4533: 4526: 4518: 4514: 4507: 4491: 4487: 4481: 4465: 4464: 4459: 4452: 4436: 4432: 4426: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4397: 4381: 4375: 4359: 4358: 4353: 4346: 4330: 4326: 4320: 4318: 4301: 4295: 4279: 4278: 4273: 4266: 4258: 4254: 4247: 4231: 4225: 4209: 4208: 4203: 4197: 4189: 4185: 4178: 4170: 4166: 4160: 4152: 4148: 4141: 4133: 4129: 4122: 4114: 4110: 4103: 4087: 4080: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4062: 4056: 4048: 4044: 4038: 4030: 4026: 4019: 4003: 4002: 3997: 3991: 3975: 3974: 3969: 3963: 3947: 3946: 3941: 3934: 3932: 3915: 3911: 3905: 3889: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3872: 3856: 3850: 3842: 3841: 3833: 3817: 3816: 3811: 3804: 3788: 3787: 3782: 3775: 3759: 3755: 3754: 3749: 3743: 3735: 3731: 3725: 3717: 3713: 3707: 3699: 3695: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3670: 3668: 3659: 3655: 3648: 3640: 3636: 3630: 3622: 3618: 3611: 3603: 3599: 3593: 3585: 3581: 3575: 3567: 3563: 3557: 3549: 3545: 3538: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3501: 3493: 3489: 3488: 3483: 3476: 3468: 3464: 3458: 3450: 3446: 3439: 3431: 3427: 3421: 3413: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3396: 3388: 3384: 3378: 3370: 3366: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3341: 3333: 3329: 3322: 3314: 3310: 3303: 3295: 3291: 3284: 3276: 3272: 3265: 3257: 3253: 3246: 3238: 3234: 3227: 3219: 3215: 3214: 3209: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3184: 3176: 3175: 3167: 3159: 3155: 3148: 3146: 3137: 3133: 3127: 3125: 3116: 3112: 3106: 3098: 3094: 3087: 3079: 3075: 3069: 3067: 3058: 3054: 3053: 3048: 3041: 3033: 3029: 3022: 3014: 3010: 3003: 2995: 2991: 2984: 2976: 2972: 2965: 2957: 2953: 2946: 2938: 2934: 2927: 2919: 2915: 2909: 2901: 2897: 2890: 2882: 2878: 2871: 2863: 2859: 2852: 2844: 2840: 2833: 2825: 2821: 2814: 2806: 2802: 2801: 2796: 2789: 2781: 2777: 2770: 2762: 2758: 2751: 2743: 2739: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2714: 2706: 2702: 2695: 2687: 2683: 2676: 2668: 2664: 2658: 2650: 2646: 2640: 2632: 2628: 2621: 2613: 2609: 2602: 2600: 2591: 2587: 2580: 2572: 2568: 2561: 2553: 2549: 2548:Fuerza nueva? 2542: 2534: 2530: 2523: 2515: 2511: 2505: 2497: 2493: 2486: 2484: 2475: 2471: 2470: 2466: 2459: 2451: 2447: 2440: 2432: 2428: 2421: 2413: 2409: 2403: 2395: 2391: 2384: 2368: 2362: 2346: 2342: 2336: 2328: 2324: 2317: 2309: 2305: 2298: 2282: 2275: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2253: 2251: 2243:(in Spanish). 2242: 2241: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2212: 2211: 2206: 2200: 2192: 2188: 2181: 2179: 2170: 2166: 2159: 2151: 2147: 2140: 2132: 2128: 2121: 2113: 2109: 2102: 2094: 2090: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2067: 2063: 2056: 2049: 2044: 2038:, p. 60. 2037: 2032: 2030: 2023:, p. 43. 2022: 2017: 2015: 2008:, p. 41. 2007: 2002: 1996:, p. 39. 1995: 1990: 1984:, p. 38. 1983: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1965: 1961: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1933: 1929: 1928: 1923: 1917: 1901: 1900: 1895: 1888: 1881: 1876: 1869: 1864: 1862: 1854: 1849: 1842: 1837: 1835: 1827: 1822: 1820: 1812: 1807: 1803: 1788: 1784: 1773: 1763: 1761: 1760:United States 1751: 1749: 1739: 1738: 1735: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1627: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1603:Puerto Ricans 1599: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1572: 1570: 1569:Puerto Ricans 1565: 1559: 1556: 1551: 1549: 1537: 1527: 1515: 1510: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1469: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1434: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1395:David Bernier 1393: 1388: 1385: 1379: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1363: 1358: 1356: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1342:Yasmín Mejías 1337: 1335: 1329: 1326: 1321: 1319: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1288: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1264: 1262: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1232:Virginia Foxx 1227: 1225: 1221: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1197: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1175: 1172: 1166: 1164: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1148: 1138: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1072:Cirilo Tirado 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1044:Hector Ferrer 1041: 1035: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1016: 1008: 1002: 999: 995: 986: 982: 980: 975: 971: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 937: 935: 930: 921: 917: 913: 911: 907: 901: 891: 889: 880: 876: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 852: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 804: 789: 787: 783: 782: 777: 773: 769: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 735: 733: 729: 724: 718: 716: 715: 710: 706: 702: 699: 693: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 668: 665:to that of a 664: 660: 656: 652: 640: 635: 633: 628: 626: 621: 620: 618: 617: 611: 606: 601: 599: 596: 595: 593: 592: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 567:Sovereigntism 565: 564: 563: 560: 558: 555: 554: 551: 546: 545: 538: 537:Insular Cases 535: 526: 522: 518: 515: 514: 513: 510: 509: 508: 505: 504: 503: 500: 499: 493: 492: 485: 482: 480: 477: 476: 473: 468: 467: 460: 457: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 429: 428: 425: 423: 420: 419: 413: 412: 405: 404:Supreme Court 402: 401: 398: 393: 392: 381: 377: 376:Minority Whip 374: 372: 368: 365: 363: 359: 358:Majority Whip 356: 354: 350: 347: 345: 341: 338: 336: 335:Johnny Méndez 332: 329: 328: 327: 323: 320: 316: 312: 311:Minority Whip 309: 307: 303: 299: 295: 292: 290: 286: 285:Majority Whip 283: 281: 277: 274: 272: 268: 265: 263: 259: 256: 255: 254: 250: 247: 246: 245: 241: 238: 237: 234: 229: 228: 221: 218: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 175: 174: 171: 170: 167: 162: 161: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 140: 137: 133: 128: 127: 124: 123: 119: 115: 114: 110: 106: 105: 97: 93: 90: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 64: 61: 57: 53: 49: 43: 39: 32: 27: 24: 19: 6265:. Retrieved 6253: 6224: 6217:Bibliography 6205:February 21, 6203:. Retrieved 6198: 6189: 6165: 6159: 6148:the original 6135: 6111: 6105: 6095:February 21, 6093:. Retrieved 6088: 6078: 6068:February 23, 6066:. Retrieved 6061: 6052: 6042:February 17, 6040:. Retrieved 6036:the original 6029: 6002:February 24, 6000:. Retrieved 5996:Miami Herald 5995: 5985: 5976: 5971:February 24, 5969:. Retrieved 5964: 5955: 5945:February 23, 5943:. Retrieved 5938: 5929: 5917:. Retrieved 5910: 5901: 5891:February 22, 5889:. Retrieved 5879: 5869:February 24, 5867:. Retrieved 5862: 5852: 5842:February 24, 5840:. Retrieved 5836:Miami Herald 5835: 5825: 5813:. Retrieved 5806:the original 5793: 5781:. Retrieved 5767: 5759:El Nuevo Día 5754: 5697:. Retrieved 5687: 5675:. Retrieved 5673:(in Spanish) 5670:El Nuevo Día 5668: 5645:February 18, 5643:. Retrieved 5634:Primera Hora 5632: 5606: 5600: 5592:El Nuevo Día 5587: 5570:El Nuevo Día 5565: 5559: 5551:El Nuevo Día 5546: 5540: 5526: 5512: 5497: 5488: 5479: 5465: 5451: 5437: 5428: 5419: 5410: 5401: 5389:. Retrieved 5379: 5371:El Nuevo Día 5365: 5358: 5348:February 15, 5346:. Retrieved 5344:(in Spanish) 5341:El Nuevo Día 5339: 5329: 5319:February 15, 5317:. Retrieved 5315:(in Spanish) 5312:El Nuevo Día 5310: 5300: 5290:February 14, 5288:. Retrieved 5278: 5269:El Nuevo Día 5267: 5257: 5247:February 14, 5245:. Retrieved 5235: 5225:February 14, 5223:. Retrieved 5220:El Nuevo Dia 5209: 5197:. Retrieved 5195:(in Spanish) 5192:El Nuevo Día 5190: 5180: 5168:. Retrieved 5164:the original 5154: 5142:. Retrieved 5132: 5120:. Retrieved 5118:(in Spanish) 5115:El Nuevo Día 5113: 5103: 5091:. Retrieved 5087:El Nuevo Día 5085: 5076: 5064:. Retrieved 5050: 5040:February 15, 5038:. Retrieved 5028: 5016:. Retrieved 5006: 4994:. Retrieved 4984: 4974:February 14, 4972:. Retrieved 4962: 4952:February 14, 4950:. Retrieved 4940: 4931:El Nuevo Día 4929: 4920: 4910:February 16, 4908:. Retrieved 4906:(in Spanish) 4903:El Nuevo Día 4901: 4891: 4881:February 16, 4879:. Retrieved 4877:(in Spanish) 4874:El Nuevo Día 4872: 4862: 4852:February 16, 4850:. Retrieved 4845:El Nuevo Día 4843: 4834: 4825:El Nuevo Día 4823: 4814: 4804:February 16, 4802:. Retrieved 4798:the original 4793:El Nuevo Día 4791: 4781: 4772:El Nuevo Día 4770: 4760: 4750:February 15, 4748:. Retrieved 4739:Primera Hora 4737: 4728: 4718:February 15, 4716:. Retrieved 4707:Primera Hora 4705: 4696: 4686:February 15, 4684:. Retrieved 4682:(in Spanish) 4679:El Nuevo Día 4677: 4667: 4655:. Retrieved 4645: 4635:February 14, 4633:. Retrieved 4630:El Nuevo Dia 4619: 4607:. Retrieved 4598:Primera Hora 4596: 4586: 4574:. Retrieved 4570:the original 4565:El Nuevo Día 4563: 4553: 4541:. Retrieved 4537:El Nuevo Día 4535: 4525: 4517:El Nuevo Día 4512: 4506: 4494:. Retrieved 4480: 4470:February 16, 4468:. Retrieved 4466:(in Spanish) 4463:El Nuevo Día 4461: 4451: 4439:. Retrieved 4425: 4413:. Retrieved 4411:(in Spanish) 4408:El Nuevo Día 4406: 4396: 4386:February 16, 4384:. Retrieved 4374: 4362:. Retrieved 4360:(in Spanish) 4357:El Nuevo Día 4355: 4345: 4333:. Retrieved 4306:February 16, 4304:. Retrieved 4294: 4284:February 14, 4282:. Retrieved 4280:(in Spanish) 4277:El Nuevo Día 4275: 4265: 4257:El Nuevo Día 4252: 4246: 4236:February 17, 4234:. Retrieved 4224: 4212:. Retrieved 4207:El Nuevo Día 4205: 4196: 4188:El Nuevo Día 4183: 4177: 4164: 4159: 4151:El Nuevo Día 4146: 4140: 4127: 4121: 4113:El Nuevo Día 4108: 4102: 4092:February 18, 4090:. Retrieved 4079: 4066:Primera Hora 4064: 4055: 4047:El Nuevo Día 4042: 4037: 4029:El Nuevo Día 4024: 4018: 4008:February 15, 4006:. Retrieved 4001:El Nuevo Día 3999: 3990: 3980:February 15, 3978:. Retrieved 3973:El Nuevo Día 3971: 3962: 3952:February 15, 3950:. Retrieved 3948:(in Spanish) 3945:El Nuevo Día 3943: 3920:February 10, 3918:. Retrieved 3904: 3894:February 10, 3892:. Retrieved 3883:Primera Hora 3881: 3871: 3861:February 10, 3859:. Retrieved 3849: 3840:El Nuevo Día 3838: 3832: 3822:February 15, 3820:. Retrieved 3818:(in Spanish) 3815:El Nuevo Día 3813: 3803: 3793:February 10, 3791:. Retrieved 3789:(in Spanish) 3786:El Nuevo Día 3784: 3774: 3764:February 10, 3762:. Retrieved 3753:Primera Hora 3751: 3742: 3729: 3724: 3711: 3706: 3693: 3688: 3675: 3658:El Nuevo Día 3653: 3647: 3634: 3629: 3616: 3610: 3597: 3592: 3579: 3574: 3561: 3556: 3543: 3537: 3529:El Nuevo Día 3524: 3519: 3506: 3500: 3487:Primera Hora 3485: 3475: 3467:El Nuevo Día 3462: 3457: 3444: 3438: 3425: 3420: 3407:Primera Hora 3405: 3395: 3387:El Nuevo Día 3382: 3377: 3364: 3358: 3350:El Nuevo Día 3345: 3340: 3327: 3321: 3313:El Nuevo Día 3308: 3302: 3294:El Nuevo Día 3289: 3283: 3270: 3264: 3251: 3245: 3232: 3226: 3213:Primera Hora 3211: 3202: 3189: 3183: 3174:El Nuevo Día 3172: 3166: 3158:El Nuevo Día 3153: 3136:El Nuevo Día 3131: 3110: 3105: 3092: 3086: 3078:El Nuevo Día 3073: 3052:Primera Hora 3050: 3040: 3032:El Nuevo Día 3027: 3021: 3013:El Nuevo Día 3008: 3002: 2994:El Nuevo Dia 2989: 2983: 2970: 2964: 2956:El Nuevo Día 2951: 2945: 2932: 2926: 2913: 2908: 2900:El Nuevo Día 2895: 2889: 2881:El Nuevo Día 2876: 2870: 2862:El Nuevo Día 2857: 2851: 2843:El Nuevo Día 2838: 2832: 2819: 2813: 2800:Primera Hora 2798: 2788: 2780:El Nuevo Día 2775: 2769: 2761:El Nuevo Día 2756: 2750: 2737: 2732: 2724:El Nuevo Día 2719: 2713: 2705:El Nuevo Día 2700: 2694: 2686:El Nuevo Día 2681: 2675: 2667:El Nuevo Día 2662: 2657: 2649:El Nuevo Día 2644: 2639: 2626: 2620: 2612:El Nuevo Día 2607: 2590:El Nuevo Día 2585: 2579: 2571:El Nuevo Día 2566: 2560: 2552:El Nuevo Día 2547: 2541: 2533:El Nuevo Día 2528: 2522: 2514:El Nuevo Día 2509: 2504: 2496:El Nuevo Dia 2491: 2469:Primera Hora 2467: 2458: 2445: 2439: 2431:El Nuevo Día 2426: 2420: 2412:El Nuevo Día 2407: 2402: 2394:El Nuevo Día 2389: 2383: 2373:February 16, 2371:. 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Retrieved 1902:(in Spanish) 1899:El Nuevo Día 1897: 1887: 1875: 1848: 1806: 1787: 1650: 1644: 1633: 1624: 1600: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1573: 1560: 1552: 1548:Barack Obama 1544: 1535: 1525: 1513: 1494:ELA Soberano 1493: 1490:ELA Soberano 1489: 1487: 1478: 1467: 1465: 1451:La Fortaleza 1446: 1442: 1435: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1389: 1380: 1370:soberanistas 1369: 1367: 1362:soberanistas 1361: 1359: 1355:soberanistas 1354: 1349: 1338: 1334:soberanistas 1333: 1330: 1325:soberanistas 1324: 1322: 1317: 1314: 1302: 1297:soberanistas 1296: 1289: 1285:soberanistas 1284: 1275: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261:soberanistas 1260: 1258: 1252: 1249:soberanistas 1248: 1246: 1241:soberanistas 1240: 1237:soberanistas 1236: 1228: 1223: 1220:soberanistas 1219: 1216: 1212:soberanistas 1211: 1203:soberanistas 1202: 1200: 1196:soberanistas 1195: 1192: 1186: 1180:soberanistas 1179: 1176: 1167: 1163:soberanistas 1162: 1159:soberanistas 1158: 1151: 1147:soberanistas 1146: 1143: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1116: 1112:soberanistas 1111: 1100:Luis Fortuño 1098:The PNP-led 1097: 1093:soberanistas 1092: 1089:soberanistas 1088: 1085:autonomistas 1084: 1081:soberanistas 1080: 1076: 1052: 1048:ELA Soberano 1047: 1036: 1020: 1011: 1007:ELA Soberano 1006: 991: 938: 933: 926: 914: 909: 905: 903: 885: 853: 806: 779: 775: 768:soberanistas 767: 763:ELA Soberano 762: 736: 719: 712: 694: 689: 685: 677: 673: 650: 648: 572:Independence 566: 306:Vargas Vidot 132:Constitution 59:Legal status 22: 18: 6267:November 4, 5990:Wyss, Jim. 5965:Ballotpedia 5815:February 2, 5783:February 2, 5699:February 2, 4657:February 9, 4609:February 9, 4576:February 9, 4543:February 9, 4496:February 2, 4441:February 2, 4415:February 8, 4364:February 8, 4335:February 8, 2048:Ocasio 2009 2036:Ocasio 2009 2021:Ocasio 2009 2006:Ocasio 2009 1994:Ocasio 2009 1982:Ocasio 2009 1938:January 26, 1880:Ocasio 2009 1868:Ocasio 2009 1853:Ocasio 2009 1841:Ocasio 2009 1826:Ocasio 2009 1811:Ocasio 2009 1748:Puerto Rico 1443:soberanista 1417:soberanismo 1350:soberanista 972:introduced 778:(ALAS) and 690:soberanismo 674:soberanista 663:Puerto Rico 302:Juan Dalmau 240:Legislature 233:Legislative 6254:HathiTrust 5199:August 14, 5170:August 15, 5144:August 15, 5122:August 15, 5093:August 15, 5066:August 15, 5018:August 15, 4996:August 15, 1608:Micronesia 1244:campaign. 582:Status quo 220:First Lady 5391:April 29, 3698:El Vocero 3680:El Vocero 3639:El Vocero 3621:El Vocero 3602:El Vocero 3584:El Vocero 3566:El Vocero 3511:El Vocero 3449:El Vocero 3430:El Vocero 3275:El Vocero 3097:El Vocero 2975:El Vocero 2937:El Vocero 2918:El Vocero 2824:El Vocero 2742:El Vocero 2631:El Vocero 1799:Footnotes 1772:Caribbean 1574:Governor 970:Don Young 667:sovereign 577:Statehood 422:Elections 416:Elections 166:Executive 41:Formation 6280:Category 5919:June 11, 5912:Fox News 5639:Archived 5611:Claridad 5060:Archived 4744:Archived 4712:Archived 4603:Archived 4329:WKAQ 580 4214:April 7, 4169:Claridad 4132:Claridad 4071:Archived 3888:Archived 3758:Archived 3734:Claridad 3716:Claridad 3548:Claridad 3492:Archived 3412:Archived 3218:Archived 3057:Archived 2805:Archived 2474:Archived 2450:Claridad 1932:Archived 1658:See also 1274:and the 1125:and the 1121:(ALAS), 829:Dominion 772:San Juan 728:Cold War 397:Judicial 173:Governor 5998:. 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