Hungarian Revolution of 1956

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István államminiszter tudott megérkezni. Mikor a Parlamentet a szovjet csapatok körülfogták, Tildy államminiszter a vérontás elkerülése végett megállapodást kötött velük, mely szerint ők megszállják az épületet, a benne levő polgári személyek pedig szabadon távozhatnak. Ő, a megállapodáshoz tartva magát, eltávozott. Az országgyűlés épületében egyedül alulírott Bibó István államminiszter maradtam, mint az egyedüli törvényes magyar kormány egyedüli képviselője. Ebben a helyzetben a következőket nyilatkozom: In English: To My Fellow Hungarians! When the Soviet Army attacked today at dawn, Prime Minister Nagy Imre went to the Soviet Embassy to negotiate and could not return. Tildy Zoltán, who was already in the Parliament building, and ministers Szabó István and Bibó István attended the council of ministers meeting that was convened this morning. As Soviet troops surrounded the Parliament building, minister Tildy Zoltán, to avoid bloodshed, reached an agreement, by which Soviet soldiers would occupy the Parliament building and allow all civilians to evacuate. According to this agreement, he then departed. Only the undersigned, Bibó István, remained in the Psrliament building as the only representative of the only existing legal Hungarian government. Under these circumstances, I make the following declaration: (

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demonstrators away from the building. The events at Astoria were repeated, with demonstrators trying to make friends with the Soviet soldiers, handing out bilingual leaflets and some climbing on top of the guard tanks. At a few minutes after 11 a.m., General Serov decided to inspect the situation on Kossuth Square, accompanied by several Soviet and Hungarian officers and a tank. Seeing several Soviet soldiers fraternising with the demonstrators, Serov ordered the firing of warning shots, which caused a mass panic on the square. In the ensuing confusion, the Soviet tanks lined up in front of the Parliament building responded by targeting the buildings on the other side of the square. Another Soviet tank coming from a nearby street fired aimed shots at the demonstrators trying to take cover. This action claimed the most lives. The number of the dead is still disputed, with estimates ranging from 75 to 1000.

5044:, a Danish politician and leading figure of Denmark's Social Democratic Party, who had served in the Buhl government in 1942 during the Nazi German occupation of Denmark. He had defended collaboration with the occupation forces and denounced the resistance. The Committee Report and the motives of its authors were criticised by the delegations to the United Nations from the Soviet Union and Kádár government. The Hungarian representative disagreed with the report's conclusions, accusing it of falsifying the events, and argued that the establishment of the committee was illegal. The committee was accused of being hostile to Hungary and its social system. An article in the Soviet journal "International Affairs", published by the Foreign Affairs Ministry, carried an article in 1957 in which it denounced the report as a "collection of falsehoods and distortions". 4075: 9697:), p. 375, para 4: "the (Kádár) régime had to find an explanation for the revolution and collapse of the old régime in October 1956 ... they chose to interpret the uprising as a conspiracy by anti-communist, reactionary forces. This is why they labeled many ordinary citizens' actions as crimes. Critical opposition attitudes were described as "a plot to overthrow the people's democratic régime", and workers and peasants who took part in the revolt were called "jailbirds, ragamuffins, and kulaks." Armed resistance to occupying forces became "murder and wrecking state property." This kind of terminology became part of the official ideology of the régime toward the outside world." Also p. 375, footnote 40: "For a typical survey of propaganda intended for distribution abroad, see the so called "White Books" entitled 3849: 5277: 4445:: "Contrary to allegations that continue to this day, RFE Hungarian broadcasts did not foment revolution, urge Hungarians to fight the Soviets, or promise Western assistance. They did criticize would-be reform leader Imre Nagy in personally vituperative terms and contained emotional bombast that Hungarian listeners could easily have interpreted as indicating Western solidarity and support." After the USSR defeated the anti-communist Hungarian Revolution, the revolutionists criticised the CIA and its RFE network for having deceived the Hungarians into believing that the West—NATO and the US—would expel the USSR from the Hungarian People's Republic. Although incitements to violence were officially against RFE policy, an internal analysis by RFE adviser William Griffith found, as summarized by the 3059: 4453:, that "RFE broadcasts in several cases had implied that foreign aid would be forthcoming if the Hungarians succeeded in establishing a 'central military command'" and "appealed to the Hungarians to 'continue to fight vigorously'". Griffith himself wrote that "There were relatively few real policy violations"—specifically four out of more than 300 broadcasts under review—but conceded that "summaries often failed to reflect the content of the program as it was finally written (this is not the case only with programs where policy violation occurred; the summaries during the period under review in many other cases proved to be very inaccurate descriptions of the programs finally produced)." László Borhi, writing in the 1050: 4650: 774: 4851: 4015: 628: 618: 415: 403: 389: 377: 365: 353: 339: 173: 160: 765: 727: 703: 4891:. Although Party membership declined from 800,000 before the uprising to 100,000 by December 1956, Kádár steadily increased his control over Hungary and neutralised dissenters. The new government attempted to enlist support by espousing popular principles of Hungarian self-determination voiced during the uprising, but Soviet troops remained. After 1956 the Soviet Union severely purged the Hungarian Army and reinstituted political indoctrination in the units that remained. In May 1957, the Soviet Union increased its troop levels in Hungary and by treaty Hungary accepted the Soviet presence on a permanent basis. 661: 651: 641: 576: 564: 544: 525: 513: 501: 489: 471: 453: 433: 197: 185: 4864:

the winter of 1956. These were helped by CARE, an international relief organization. CARE provided refugees with welcome kits consisting of pajamas, knitting tools, school supplies, food, and water. The U.S. Department of Agriculture worked with CARE to use military vessels to transport over 500,000 packages to Vienna, where the Red Cross distributed supplies to refugees. Hungarian refugees of the conflict were resettled across 37 different countries, with most going to Austria. Former Hungarian Foreign Minister Géza Jeszenszky estimated that 350 were executed. Sporadic resistance and strikes by

1956: 782: 219: 11418: 3932: 5033:, conducted hearings in New York, Geneva, Rome, Vienna and London. Over five months, 111 refugees were interviewed including ministers, military commanders and other officials of the Nagy government, workers, revolutionary council members, factory managers and technicians, communists and non-communists, students, writers, teachers, medical personnel, and Hungarian soldiers. Documents, newspapers, radio transcripts, photos, film footage, and other records from Hungary were also reviewed, as well as written testimony of 200 other Hungarians. 3781: 5408: 608: 598: 327: 315: 303: 291: 279: 267: 255: 241: 144: 4354: 2102: 10137:(see Further reading, below), agreed with a 2002 essay by Hungarian historian Csaba Bekes, "Could the Hungarian Revolution Have Been Victorious in 1956?". Gati states: "Washington implicitly acknowledging the division of the continent into two camps, understood that Moscow would not let go of a country bordering on neutral but pro-Western Austria and an independent Yugoslavia, so it shed ... tears over Soviet brutality, and exploited the propaganda opportunities" (p. 208.) 535: 481: 463: 445: 4250:

embassy whilst still a member of the Nagy government. The USSR sent diplomatic delegations to other communist governments in Eastern Europe and to the People's Republic of China in effort to avoid misunderstandings that might provoke to regional conflicts, and broadcast propaganda explaining their second Soviet intervention to Hungary. The Soviet diplomats disguised their intentions by engaging the Nagy government in talks about withdrawing the Red Army from Hungary.

3644: 4760:, both of whom became members of the re-established socialist Hungarian government. As Soviet troops also came under attack in civilian quarters, they were unable to differentiate military from civilian targets. For that reason, Soviet tanks often crept along main roads and fired indiscriminately into buildings. Hungarian resistance was strongest in the industrial areas of Budapest, with Csepel heavily targeted by Soviet artillery and air strikes. 2127: 756: 5394: 1758: 4771:, where fighting lasted until 11 November, before insurgents finally succumbed to the Soviets. When the fighting ended, Hungarian casualties totalled approximately 2,500 dead and 20,000 wounded. Budapest bore the brunt of the bloodshed, with 1,569 civilians killed. Approximately 53% of the dead were workers; half of all Hungarian casualties were people younger than thirty. On the Soviet side, 699 men were killed, 1,450 wounded, and 51 4265:, pressed Khrushchev to militarily repress the Hungarian Revolution. Although Sino–Soviet relations were unstable, the opinion of Mao carried great weight among the members of the Presidium of the CPSU. Initially, Mao opposed a second intervention, which was communicated to Khrushchev on 30 October, before the Presidium met and decided against a Hungarian intervention; later, Mao changed his mind and supported intervention to Hungary. 3690:

to inform faculty and students of the time and place for the meeting on 16 October 1956. A professor of law was chairman of committee who formally reestablished the MEFESZ student union, with the proclamation and publication of a twenty-demand manifesto, ten demands about the MEFESZ, and ten anti-Soviet demands, e.g. free elections and the departure of Soviet troops from Hungary, etc.; days later, the university students at

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months of plotting and conspiring rid Rákosi and the Hungarian Communist Party of Imre Nagy, who was reduced to a political non-person. On 14 April Prime Minister Imre Nagy was stripped of his Hungarian Communist Party offices and functions and was sacked as prime minister on 18 April. Despite having been out of political favor with the USSR since January 1955, Nagy had refused to perform the requisite communist penance of '

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policemen defending the Magyar Rádió building, but some of the soldiers tore off the red-star insignia on their caps and joined the side of the anti-government protestors. ÁVH policemen used guns and tear gas, while the protestors set police cars afire and distributed weapons captured from the military and police forces, and acted on their anti–Soviet politics by destroying the symbols of Russian communism in Hungary.

3989:, armed guards defended the Hungarian Communist Party and the communist government of Hungary. In the event, the Revolutionaries' successful attacks upon the Parliament collapsed the communist government of Hungary; and First Secretary Ernő Gerő and ex-PM András Hegedüs fled Hungary to the USSR; Imre Nagy became prime minister, and János Kádár became the first secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party. 9638:

troops in Budapest might lead to further aggravation of the situation, ordered troops to leave Budapest, but ensuing events have shown that reactionary forces, taking advantage of the non-intervention of the Nagy Cabinet, have gone still further ... The task of barring the way to reaction in Hungary has to be carried out without the slightest delay – such is the course dictated by events ..."

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was killed. Within hours, news reportage and filmed scenes of the Hungarian anti-communist revolt that occurred in Republic Square were broadcast in the USSR; and the CPSU made propaganda of the images of the communist victims of the Hungarian Revolt. The leaders of the Hungarian Revolution condemned the attack upon the ÁVH headquarters and asked the protestors to cease and desist from mob violence.

746: 5300:, the Hungarian-American community built a commemorative statue to honour the Hungarian freedom fighters. Built in the late 1960s, the obelisk statue stands with an American eagle watching over the city of Los Angeles. There are several monuments dedicated to the Commemoration of the Hungarian Revolution throughout the United States. One such monument may be found in Cleveland, Ohio, at the 737: 714: 4491: 3808:

situation escalated after protestors heard rumours that the ÁVH had killed their delegation of comrades sent to broadcast the anti–Soviet message. In response, from the windows of the building, the ÁVH threw tear gas grenades at and fired upon the many anti-communist and nationalist protestors assembled outside the Magyar Rádió building, and soon required resupply and reinforcement.

4842:) that documented real incidents of violence against Communist Party and ÁVH members and the confessions of Nagy's supporters. The "white books" were widely distributed in several languages in most socialist countries and, while based in fact, they present factual evidence with a colouring and narrative that are not generally supported by non-Soviet-aligned historians. 3899:, commander-in-chief of the Soviet forces in Hungary were on their way to the headquarters of the Hungarian Workers' Party (MDP) on Akadémia Street, where they were to attend a meeting of the Central Executive Committee (CEC), which was to begin at 10 a.m. Under pressure from the Soviet delegates, the CEC relieved Ernő Gerő of his position as party leader and elected 3920:

repressing the revolutionaries. Order was restored in the 24–29 October period after the Hungarian Army had fought 71 firefights with the nationalist and with the anti-communist revolutionaries in fifty communities. On 26 October, in the town of Kecskemét, outside the office of State Security and the local jail, Hungarian Army's Third Corps, led by Major General

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Hungarian to exercise political forbearance in order to restore civil order to Hungary. As the only Communist Hungarian leader with political credibility among Hungarians, the political actions of the Nagy government allowed the USSR to view the Hungarians' anti-Soviet protests as a popular uprising, rather than as an anti-communist

50: 2988:, including the Hungarian People's Republic. The geopolitical principles of the Warsaw Pact defence treaty included "respect for the independence and sovereignty of states" and the practise of "non-interference in their internal affairs". Then, on 15 May 1955, a day after the USSR established the Warsaw Pact, the 4333:), the Society of Friends of Hungarians (Tarnów), the Committee to Aid the Hungarians (Lublin), and the Committee for Aid to Hungarians (Człuchów). In addition to the official support coordinated by the Polish Red Cross, one convoy was dispatched – one organized by the Student Aid Committee for Hungarians from 4245:" and that "socialism can develop only on the foundations of direct democracy." For the anti-communists, the struggle of the Hungarian workers was "for the principle of direct democracy" and that "all power should be transferred to the Workers Committees of Hungary." In response, the Presidium broke the 5263:

cited the repressions in Hungary as a lesson: "You forbid people to strike, to petition, or to make unfavorable comments, you simply resort to repression in every case, until one day you become a Rákosi." Later, as the CCP leadership became concerned with the degree of criticism from the lower levels

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as Soviet forces overran Budapest. Despite assurances of safe passage out of Hungary by the Soviets and the Kádár government, Nagy and his group were arrested when attempting to leave the embassy on 22 November and taken to Romania. Losonczy died while on a hunger strike in prison awaiting trial when

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In the immediate aftermath, many thousands of Hungarians were arrested. Eventually, 26,000 of these were brought before the Hungarian courts, 22,000 were sentenced and imprisoned, 13,000 were interned, and 229 were executed. Approximately 200,000 fled Hungary as refugees. Many resettled in Austria in

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armed protestors attacked the ÁVH detachment guarding the headquarters building of the Hungarian Working People's Party in Köztársaság tér (Republic Square), in Budapest. The anti-communists killed more than 20 ÁVH officers and ÁVH conscripts; the head of the Budapest party committee, Imre Mező, also

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In total, there were approximately 2,100 local revolutionary and workers councils with over 28,000 members. The councils held a combined conference in Budapest that decided to end the nationwide labour strikes and to resume work on 5 November, with the more important councils sending delegates to the

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of individual Hungarian workers. That poor economy was further diminished by the bureaucratic mismanagement of resources, which caused shortages of supplies, and the consequent rationing of bread and sugar, flour and meat, et cetera. The net result of those economic conditions, was that the Hungarian

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Soviet intervention and concluding that "the Kádár government and Soviet occupation were in violation of the human rights of the Hungarian people". A General Assembly resolution was approved, deploring "the repression of the Hungarian people and the Soviet occupation", but no other action was taken.

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Despite Cold War rhetoric from western countries espousing rollback of the Soviet domination of eastern Europe, and Soviet promises of socialism's imminent triumph, national leaders of this period (as well as later historians) saw the failure of the Hungarian Revolution as evidence that the Cold War

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In January 1957, representatives of the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania met in Budapest to review internal developments in Hungary since the establishment of the Soviet-imposed government. A communiqué on the meeting "unanimously concluded" that Hungarian workers, with the leadership of

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proclaimed the "Hungarian Revolutionary Worker-Peasant Government". His statement declared: "We must put an end to the excesses of the counter-revolutionary elements. The hour for action has sounded. We are going to defend the interest of the workers and peasants and the achievements of the people's

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Pravda (Moscow), 4 November : "Without the Slightest Delay", Moscow. "Imre Nagy turned out to be, objectively speaking, an accomplice of the reactionary forces. Imre Nagy cannot and does not want to fight the dark forces of reaction ... The Soviet Government, seeing that the presence of Soviet

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Meanwhile, as the 1950s drew to a close the events in Hungary produced fractures within the Communist political parties of Western European countries. In San Marino, some moderate Socialist members of a Socialist-Communist coalition government broke their alliance with the Communists, who failed to

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The first Soviet report came out 24 hours after the first Western report. Nagy's appeal to the United Nations was not reported. After Nagy was arrested outside the Yugoslav embassy, his arrest was not reported. Also, accounts failed to explain how Nagy went from patriot to traitor. The Soviet press

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By 12.00 hrs of 24 October, Red Army tanks were stationed outside the parliament building, and Red Army soldiers held the bridges and crossroads that controlled access to Budapest, while Hungarian revolutionaries barricaded streets to defend their city from the Red Army. Also on that day, Imre Nagy

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met to play cards, and snubbed the DISZ, the official communist student union, by re-establishing the MEFESZ (Union of Hungarian University and Academy Students), the democratic student union banned by the Stalinist Rákosi government. The MEFESZ students distributed hand-written notes in classrooms

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I call upon the Hungarian people to regard neither the occupation force nor the puppet government it may install as a legal authority but rather to employ every means of passive resistance against it ... (István Bibó minister of state of the Petőfi Party) Despite the devastation of the Soviet

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in Hungarian: Magyarok! Nagy Imre miniszterelnök a ma hajnali szovjet támadáskor a szovjet követségre ment a tárgyalások folytatására, és onnan visszatérni már nem tudott. A reggel összehívott minisztertanácson a Parlament épületében tartózkodó Tildy Zoltánon kívül már csak B. Szabó István és Bibó

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In Russia, on 30 October 1956, the Presidium of the CPSU decided to not depose the new Hungarian government. Marshal Zhukov said: "We should withdraw troops from Budapest, and, if necessary, withdraw from Hungary, as a whole. This is a lesson for us in the military-political sphere". The Presidium

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to restore order to Hungary with a National Guard force composed of policemen, soldiers, and Revolutionaries loyal to Hungary. On 30 October 1956, Gen. Király's National Guard attacked the building of the Central Committee of the Hungarian Communist Party and killed every pro-Soviet officer of the

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The governments of Hungary and Romania refused entry to the officials of this committee, and the government of the Soviet Union did not respond to requests for information. The 268-page Committee Report was presented to the General Assembly in June 1957, documenting the course of the uprising and

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shortly before his death, Krassó summed up the meaning of the Hungarian Revolution with a recollection from Stalin's short speech in the 19th Congress of the Soviet Union in 1952: "Stalin kept silent throughout the Congress till the very end when he made a short speech that covers about two and a

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and, at 04:25, fired the first shots at the army barracks on Budaörsi Road. Soon, Soviet artillery and tank fire were heard in all of the districts of Budapest. Operation Whirlwind combined air strikes, artillery, and the co-ordinated tank–infantry action of 17 divisions. The Soviet army deployed

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ceasefire and repressed the Hungarian Revolution. The Soviet Union's plan was to declare a "Provisional Revolutionary Government" led by János Kádár, who would appeal for Soviet assistance to restore order to Hungary. Kádár was in Moscow in early November, and was in communication with the Soviet

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from Hungary, the USSR repressed the Hungarian Revolution on 4 November 1956, and fought the Hungarian revolutionaries until Soviet victory on 10 November; repression of the Hungarian Uprising killed 2,500 Hungarians and 700 Soviet Army soldiers, and compelled 200,000 Hungarians to seek political

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article comments that this choice could not have been anticipated until the explosive events of the revolution, almost at the end of 1956. The magazine cover and accompanying text displayed an artist's depiction of a Hungarian freedom fighter, and used pseudonyms for the three participants whose

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The Soviet, Chinese, and Warsaw Pact governments urged Kádár to proceed with the interrogation and trial of the ministers of the Nagy government, and asked for punitive measures against the "counter-revolutionists". In addition, the Kádár government published an extensive series of "white books"

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spoke with Prime Minister Imre Nagy who told them that Hungarian geopolitical neutrality was a long-term political objective for the Hungarian People's Republic, which he wanted to discuss with the presidium of the CPSU. Khrushchev considered the geopolitical options for the USSR's resolving the

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who sought a political resolution to the Hungarian revolt. In Budapest, the Soviet delegation reported to Moscow that the Hungarian political situation was less confrontational than reported during the revolt proper. In pursuit of political resolution, Khrushchev said that Ernő Gerő's 23 October

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The new communist government of Prime Minister Imre Nagy was surprised by the rapidity with which the Hungarian Revolution extended from the streets of Budapest to all of Hungary, and the consequent collapse of the old Gerő–Hegedüs communist government. As head of government, PM Nagy asked every

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statistics show that by air transport alone (15 aircraft), 44 tonnes of medication, blood, and other medical supplies were delivered to Hungary. Assistance sent using road and rail transport was much higher. Polish aid is estimated at a value of approximately US$ 2 million in 1956 dollars.

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were established at industrial plants and mines, and many unpopular regulations such as production norms were eliminated. The workers' councils strove to manage the enterprise while protecting workers' interests, establishing a socialist economy free of rigid party control. Local control by the

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in his place. Meanwhile, the crowd demonstrating at Kossuth Square elected a delegation to deliver their demands in the Parliament, but government guards and a company of the Ministry of Defence's armoured regiment, backed by seven Soviet T-54 tanks lined up in front of the Parliament, kept the

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remained politically powerful as the General Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party, and so undermined many of the Nagy government's political and socio-economic reforms; by 18 April 1955, Rákosi had so discredited Nagy that the USSR deposed Nagy as head-of-state of Socialist Hungary. Three

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on the Danube River. Although some very senior officers were openly pro-Soviet, rank-and-file soldiers were overwhelmingly loyal to the revolution and either fought the invasion or deserted. The UN reported that there were no recorded incidents of Hungarian Army units fighting for the Soviets.

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in response to the communist government's order to militarily repress the popular demonstrations against the Soviet control of Hungary. The Hungarian Army units in Budapest and in the countryside remained uninvolved in the Revolution, because local commanders avoided politics in order to avoid

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In suppressing the Hungarians' anti-government protestations, the ÁVH smuggled weapons and ammunition in an ambulance for delivery to them at the Magyar Rádió building, but the protestors hijacked the ambulance and the weapons for themselves. The Hungarian Army sent soldiers to support the ÁVH

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led the Hungarian Revolution against the USSR's control of Hungary, and negotiated ceasefire agreements with the revolutionaries; nonetheless, the Hungarian Revolution took many communist prisoners who were registered to lists that identified the prisoner either for summary execution or as an

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building, which was guarded by the ÁVH secret police. Violence soon occurred between the sides when the protestors heard rumours of the arrest and detainment of a delegation of students who had entered the radio station in effort to broadcast their political demands to the entire country. The

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established Austria as a neutral country in the geopolitical cold war between the US and the USSR. Austria's declaration of geopolitical neutrality allowed the Communist government of PM Nagy to publicly consider "the possibility of Hungary adopting a neutral status on the Austrian pattern".

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According to another version of the events, which already appeared during the revolution but still unproven, the ÁVH policemen and/or communist partisans fired into the assembled protestors from the roof of the building of the Agricultural Ministry. In the fog of war, some Red Army soldiers

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Later that evening, Kádár called upon "the faithful fighters of the true cause of socialism" to come out of hiding and take up arms. But Hungarian support did not materialise, and fighting did not take the form of a civil war, but rather, in the words of a United Nations report, that of "a

4467:: "These contradictory policies sabotaged the overall approach. The harder the insurgents fought, the less chance there was for a negotiated settlement. But the unwillingness of the United States to counter Soviet military action meant that the Hungarian quest for liberation was suicidal." 3875:, the ÁVH guards fired upon unarmed protestors; in turn, anti-communists attacked and drove out the ÁVH policemen from the newspaper building. The Hungarian revolutionaries then avenged themselves against the ÁVH policemen. On 25 October, a crowd gathered in Kossuth Square in front of the 4975:

half printed pages. He said there were two banners that the progressive bourgeoisie had thrown away and which the working class should pick up – the banners of democracy and national independence. Certainly nobody could doubt that in 1956 the Hungarian workers raised these banners high."

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In 1,170 communities in Hungary, there were 348 cases of revolutionary councils dismissing the local administrators; 312 cases of revolutionary councils sacking the bosses; and 215 cases of the locals burning the communist administrative records of their communities. In 681 communities,

5255:(CCP) viewed the events of the revolution in context of its concern with the Soviet de-Stalinization of 1956 and the sort of problems along the lines of the Eastern European uprisings that China might eventually have to face. Some Chinese leaders viewed the events, together with the 4005:

Fighting ceased between 28 October and 4 November, as many Hungarians believed that Soviet military units were withdrawing from Hungary. According to post-revolution communist sources, there were approximately 213 Hungarian Working People's Party members executed during the period.

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attack, most of Hungarian society seemed to respond to Bibó's plea and continued to defy the new régime , keeping Soviet and Hungarian security forces tied up for months dealing with strikes, demonstrations, sabotage, work slowdowns, and other acts of resistance (Document No. 102)

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took on a considerable scale. Citizen organizations and self-acting aid committees were established throughout Poland to distribute aid to the Hungarian population, e.g. the Social Civic Committee of Creative Associations (Bydgoszcz), the Student Committee for Aid to Hungarians

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anti-communist and nationalist Hungarians damaged and destroyed symbols of the hegemony of the USSR, such as the Red Star, and statues of Josef Stalin and of Lenin; 393 communities damaged Soviet war memorials; and 122 communities burned the books of Marx, Lenin, and Stalin.

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put up sporadic and disorganised resistance, with Zhukov reporting the disarming of twelve divisions, two armoured regiments and the entire Hungarian Air Force. Hungarian fighters continued their most formidable resistance in various districts of Budapest (most famously the

4493: 4158:, which said that "The Soviet Government is prepared to enter into the appropriate negotiations with the government of the Hungarian People's Republic, and other members of the Warsaw Treaty, on the question of the presence of Soviet troops in the territory of Hungary." 4054:

and Hungary's international status as a politically non-aligned country. Because of being in power for only ten days, the National Government did not explain their policies in detail; however, contemporary newspaper editorials stressed that Hungary should be a multiparty

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On 23 October 1956, the Secretary of the Hungarian Working People's Party, Ernő Gerő, asked for the USSR's military intervention in order "to suppress a demonstration that was reaching an ever-greater and unprecedented scale", which threatens the national security of the

4424:(January 1956), which recommended against U.S. military intervention to Hungary on the side of the Hungarian revolutionists; and (ii) the secret warfare of the National Security Council that encouraged anti-communist political discontent in the Eastern Bloc only through 4161: 3975:

area of Budapest, 250 communists defended the Csepel Iron and Steel Works, and, on 27 October, the Hungarian Army restored order in Csepel; two days later, the Hungarian Revolutionaries recaptured Csepel after the Hungarian Army's withdrawal on 29 October. In the

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headlining for the third time, Sullivan told viewers Presley felt "so keenly about Hungarian relief, he urges all of us through the country to remember that immediate aid is needed." The host followed this with Elvis singing an unrecorded number, the gospel song

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Simultaneous political movements towards multi-party, parliamentary democracy, and a democratic national council of workers might "lead towards a capitalist state" in Hungary and Poland, each movement challenged the authority of communist parties in eastern

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who would assist in the Russification of Hungary; thus the study of Russian language and communist political instruction were mandatory at school and at university; religious schools were nationalized and church leaders replaced with communist officials.

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In the 1950–1952 period, the ÁVH forcibly relocated more than 26,000 non-communist Hungarians, and confiscated their housing for members of the Communist Party of Hungary, and so eliminate the political threats posed by the nationalist and anti-communist

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request for Soviet intervention indicated that the Hungarian Communist Party retained the confidence of the Hungarian people, because the Hungarians were protesting unresolved socio-economic problems, not ideology. Meanwhile, in the West, the concurrent

3883:, accompanied by three Soviet tanks, which the demonstrators climbed on, fraternising with the crews. At the same time a column of Soviet tanks carrying two delegates of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) sent to Hungary, Politburo members 9701:, 4 vols., (Budapest: Information Bureau of the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1956–1957) ... The White Books published in the individual counties of Hungary in 1957–1958 summarized local "counter-revolutionary" events." 5333:

On 16 June 1989, at the 31st commemoration of his execution, Imre Nagy's body was reburied with full honours. The Republic of Hungary was declared in 1989 on the 33rd anniversary of the Revolution, and 23 October is now a Hungarian national holiday.

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Soviet reports of the events surrounding, during and after the disturbance were remarkably consistent in their accounts, more so after the Second Soviet intervention cemented support for the Soviet position among international communist parties.

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mistakenly returned the fire towards the roof, having mistakenly believed themselves the targets. The Hungarian revolutionaries armed themselves with weapons captured from ÁVH policemen and with weapons donated by anti-communist soldiers who had

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between the Red Army and the Hungarian Revolutionaries, and agreed to initiate postponed political reforms decided in 1953. Despite the pleas of PM Nagy, groups of revolutionaries in Budapest armed themselves and continually fought the Red Army.

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By 08:00, organised defence of the city evaporated after the radio station had been seized, and many defenders fell back to fortified positions. Between 08:00 and 09:00, the parliamentary guard laid down its arms, and forces under Major General

4626: 5013:, acting in response to UN General Assembly resolutions requesting investigation and observation of the events in Soviet-occupied Hungary, established the Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary. The committee, with representatives from 6967:

Gati said that "discovered in declassified documents, the Soviet Ministry of Defense had begun to prepare for large-scale turmoil in Hungary as early as July 1956. Codenamed 'Wave', the plan called for restoration of order in less than six

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called the Hungarian revolt "the collective suicide of a whole people". In a newspaper interview in 1957, Khrushchev commented "support by United States ... is rather in the nature of the support that the rope gives to a hanged man".

4691:, stopped broadcasting at 08:07. An emergency Cabinet meeting was held in the Parliament but was attended by only three ministers. As Soviet troops arrived to occupy the building, a negotiated evacuation ensued, leaving Minister of State 4149:

from Egypt voided the political possibility of Western military intervention to Hungary. On 28 October, Khrushchev said that Soviet military intervention to Hungary would be a mistaken imitation of the Anglo–French intervention to Egypt.

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was granted political asylum at the United States embassy, where he lived for the next 15 years, refusing to leave Hungary unless the government reversed his 1949 conviction for treason. Because of poor health and a request from the

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to wrest minor political concessions, which continually diminished the political authority of the coalition government – despite the Communist Party only having received 17 percent of the votes in the parliamentary election of 1945.

11680:

The 2005 documentary film depicting events surrounding the Hungarian–Soviet confrontation in the Olympic water polo tournament, now known as the "blood in the water match". Narrated by Mark Spitz, produced by Lucy Liu and Quentin

904:

to fight against the ÁVH; local Hungarian communist leaders and ÁVH policemen were captured and summarily executed; and political prisoners were released and armed. To realize their political, economic, and social demands, local

6165:(Lawless Socialism), reported that "between 1950 and early 1953, the courts dealt with 650,000 cases , of whom 387,000 or 4 percent of the population were found guilty." (Budapest, Zrínyi Kiadó/Új Magyarország, 1991, p. 154). 4537: 3928:), earning the praise of János Kádár after the defeat of the "counter-revolution" as "the only division commander who, at the call of the party organisation, swept the Danube-Tisza Interfluve six times, smashing everything". 6633:"Chapter VIII The Question of the Presence and the Utilization of the Soviet Armed Forces in the Light of Hungary's International Commitments, Section D – The demand for the withdrawal of Red Army troops, para. 339 (p. 105)" 5207:, reported on the violent suppression of the uprising, his dispatches were heavily censored by the party leadership. Upon his return from Hungary Fryer resigned from the paper. He was later expelled by the Communist Party. 2952:

and his inner-circle protégés, in Russia and abroad. Therefore, the de-Stalinization of Hungarian People's Republic featured Rákosi's dismissal as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Hungary, and his replacement by

2040:

In the early 1950s, the Rákosi government's socialist economics increased the per capita income of the Hungarian people, yet their standard of living diminished because of the compulsory financial contributions towards the

892:

for political and economic reforms to civil society, but were detained by security guards. When the student protestors outside the radio building demanded the release of their delegation, a group of police from the ÁVH

4587:

from the north. Thus, before a single shot was fired, the Soviets had effectively split the city into two, controlled all bridgeheads and were shielded to the rear by the wide Danube River. Armoured units crossed into

5190:, wrote in his 2005 political autobiography that he regretted his justification of Soviet action in Hungary, stating at the time he believed that party unity and the leadership of Soviet Communism was more important. 4686:

At 05:20 on 4 November, Imre Nagy broadcast his final plea to the nation and the world, announcing that Soviet forces were attacking Budapest and that the government was remaining at its post. The radio station, Free

4095:, the councils had been officially sanctioned by the Hungarian Working People's Party, and the Nagy government asked for their support as "autonomous, democratic local organs formed during the Revolution". Likewise, 4505:

On 1 November, Imre Nagy received reports that Soviet forces had entered Hungary from the east and were moving towards Budapest. Nagy sought and received assurances, which proved to be false, from Soviet Ambassador

4822:

broke with the Nagy government and formed a government of honest Hungarian revolutionary workers and peasants. The genuinely-popular government petitioned the Soviet command to help put down the counter-revolution.

3800:, which had been erected in place of a razed church, in 1951; and, by 21:30 hrs – an hour and a half later – the nationalist and anti-communist protestors had destroyed the eight-metre-tall statue of Josef Stalin. 11358: 4510:

that the Soviet Union would not invade. The Cabinet, with János Kádár in agreement, declared Hungary's neutrality, withdrew from the Warsaw Pact and requested assistance from the diplomatic corps in Budapest and

3980:

area of Budapest, the communists and 350 armed workers and 380 communist soldiers defended the Láng factory. Anti-fascist Hungarian veterans of the Second World War participated in recapturing the offices of the

6695: 4304: 11726:– a resource for Hungarian-American organizations to highlight and promote their 1956 Hungarian Revolution commemoration activities, including 1956 photos, videos, resources, and events across the United States 3840: 3924:, shot seven anti-communist protestors and arrested the organizers of the anti-Soviet protest. On Gyurkó's order Hungarian Air Force fighter planes shot up demonstrators with cannon fire in various towns (see 1003:

Fearful of the Red Army's occupation of the Kingdom of Hungary, the royal Hungarian government unsuccessfully sought an armistice with the Allies, which was a betrayal of the Axis powers. The Germans launched

13287: 12778: 4027:. On 28 October 1956, the Nagy Communist government announced the ceasefire among the nationalist, the anti-communist, and the Communist Hungarians, and that, to resolve the national crisis, PM Nagy would: 6161:... The reign of terror turned out to be harsher, and more extensive than in any of the other Soviet satellite in Central and Eastern Europe." In the post-communist period, the fact-finding commission, 4173: 4090:

formed throughout Hungary, generally without involvement from the preoccupied National Government in Budapest, and assumed various responsibilities of local government from the defunct Communist party. By

3020:

to deal with the USSR, and, by 19 October 1956, Gomułka had successfully negotiated greater trade agreements and fewer Red Army troops stationed in Poland. The USSR's concessions to Poland – known as the

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The Nagy government was ineffective by allowing itself to be penetrated by counter-revolutionary influences, weakening and disintegrating, as proven by Nagy's culminating denouncement of the Warsaw Pact.

3777:, which the Soviet-controlled Rákosi government of Hungary had banned from public performance; the crowd repeatedly chanted the refrain: "This we swear, this we swear, that we will no longer be slaves." 4393:

said that: "We couldn't, on one hand, complain about the Soviets intervening in Hungary, and, on the other hand, approve of the British and the French picking that particular time to intervene against

861:(USSR). The uprising lasted 12 days before being crushed by Soviet tanks and troops on 4 November 1956. Thousands were killed and wounded and nearly a quarter of a million Hungarians fled the country. 4492: 4482:

confirms that the Eisenhower government did not intervene to the Hungarian Revolution – which occurred in the Soviet sphere of influence – because the USSR would have responded with a nuclear war.

5319:

Public discussion about the revolution was suppressed in Hungary for more than 30 years. Since the thaw of the 1980s, it has been a subject of intense study and debate. At the inauguration of the

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Hungarian anti-communist revolution, but Nagy's declaration of Hungarian neutrality decided his dispatching the Red Army into Hungary. The USSR invaded the Hungarian People's Republic, because:

3951:

to halt the economy and the functioning of civil society. In ridding Hungary of the influence of and control from the USSR, the revolutionaries destroyed the symbols of Communism, such as the

3825:. To that end, the USSR already had planned the invasion and occupation of Hungary, and the political purging of Hungarian society. At 02.00 hrs., on 24 October 1956, Soviet defence minister 11701:

and Craig Herron. The film retells the escape of Edward and Judy Hilbert from Communist Hungary during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. The film is narrated by Golden Globe-winning actress

4413:

was passed, which charged the General Assembly to meet to discuss the matter. Despite 50 votes for withdrawal, 8 votes against withdrawal, and 15 abstentions from the matter, the communist

4181:

In Hungary, on 30 October, consequent to hearing rumours of that the secret police had anti-communist prisoners, and rumours of the ÁVH shooting anti-communist demonstrators in the city of

3025:– emboldened Hungarians to demand from the USSR like concessions for the Hungarian People's Republic, which much contributed to the Hungarians' greatly idealistic politics in October 1956. 2365: 6754:

director: György Ordódy, producer: Duna Televízió – Fonds 306, Audiovisual Materials Relating to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, OSA Archivum, Budapest, Hungary ID number: HU OSA 306–0–1:40

5076:

in Melbourne, the Soviet handling of the Hungarian uprising led to a boycott by Spain, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. A confrontation between Soviet and Hungarian teams occurred in the

4990:, the Foreign Minister of West Germany, recommended that the people of Eastern Europe be discouraged from "taking dramatic action which might have disastrous consequences for themselves". 4268:

In the 1–3 November 1956 period, Khrushchev informed the USSR's Warsaw Pact allies of his decision to repress the Hungarian Revolution. Khrushchev met with the Polish communist politician

5136:, made Presley an honorary citizen posthumously, and a plaza located at the intersection of two of the city's most important avenues was named after Presley as a gesture of gratitude. 3997:

Hungarian Communist Party, ÁVH policeman, and pro-Soviet Hungarian soldier they encountered; and most Red Army troops withdrew from Budapest to garrisons in the Hungarian countryside.

1845:, ÁVH) was transferred from the Independent Smallholders Party of the coalition government to the Hungarian Communist party. The ÁVH repressed non‑communist political opponents with 14858: 4515:, UN Secretary-General, to defend Hungary's neutrality. Andropov was asked to inform his government that Hungary would begin negotiations on the removal of Soviet forces immediately. 7913:

Declaration of the Government of the USSR on the Principles of Development and Further Strengthening of Friendship and Cooperation between the Soviet Union and other Socialist States

4156:

Declaration of the Government of the USSR on the Principles of Development and Further Strengthening of Friendship and Cooperation between the Soviet Union and other Socialist States

3717:

ceremoniously proclaimed Hungary's anti-Soviet political solidarity with anti-communist reformers in Poland when they laid a commemorative wreath at the statue of the Polish hero

4830:

reported calm in Budapest, but the Western press reported a revolutionary crisis was breaking out. According to the Soviet account, Hungarians never wanted a revolution at all.

4678:(then called Sztálinváros). There were ten to fifteen thousand resistance fighters fighting in Budapest, with the heaviest fighting occurring in the working-class stronghold of 1892:

and journalists to freely criticise the social and economic policies of the Rákosi government. In that vein of relative political freedom, on 22 October 1956, students from the

4288:. Two months after the USSR repressed the Hungarian Revolution, Tito told Nikolai Firiubin, the Soviet ambassador to Yugoslavia, that " reaction raised its head, especially in 17684: 6617:

Director: Helmut Dotterweich, (1986) – Fonds 306, Audiovisual Materials Relating to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, OSA Archivum, Budapest, Hungary ID number: HU OSA 306–0–1:27

4116:

and other cities, crowds of demonstrators were fired upon by the ÁVH, with many lives lost. The ÁVH were disarmed, often by force, in many cases assisted by the local police.

3912:

the Hungarian Army for the Hungarian Revolution against the USSR; from amongst the crowd outside the parliament, the armed revolutionaries shot at the roof-top ÁVH policemen.

2907:

of the USSR, which was a relative liberalization of politics that afterward allowed most European communist parties and the communist parties of the Warsaw Pact to develop a

2109:(centre) proved too progressive a Communist in his government's pursuit of the Hungarian road to Socialism, taking it too far out of the Soviet Union's orbit. (October 1956). 16193: 8816: 4441: 10783: 5428: 177: 9662:

Communiqué on the Meeting of Representatives of the Governments and the Communist and Workers' Parties of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and the Soviet Union

3832: 10868: 8951: 13282: 12773: 4064: 2089:(1948). Socially, the imposition of Soviet-style economic policies and the payment of war reparations angered the peoples of Hungary, whilst the cumulative effects of 1812: 750: 4463:

were often "incautious, even reckless" and undermined parallel efforts by the Eisenhower administration to negotiate Hungarian independence in a framework similar to

9882: 2430: 5693:"B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson, International Conflict : A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management 1945–1995 (1997) p. 85 5348:

In 2000, the Hungarian government passed "Ilona Tóth's law", absolving those that were convicted for their involvement with the revolution, inspired by the case of

4875:

With most of Budapest under Soviet control by 8 November, Kádár became Prime Minister of the "Revolutionary Worker-Peasant Government" and General Secretary of the

3709:, one of the law students from the original group of twelve students, announced that the MEFESZ student union was again politically active, and then proclaimed the 5144:, a constitutional crisis which resulted in the victory of a new democratic government and brought the twelve years of communist rule in San Marino to an end. The 5140:

condemn the Soviet Union's repression of the Hungarians. This schism resulted in a perfect 30–30 split in the council that paralyzed the government and led to the

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reported that the cost of war reparations was "between 19 and 22 per cent of the annual national income" of Hungary, an onerous national expense aggravated by the

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by permission of the Center for Security Studies at ETH Zürich and the National Security Archive at the George Washington University on behalf of the PHP network

7625:, producer: CBS (1956) – Fonds 306, Audiovisual Materials Relating to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, OSA Archivum, Budapest, Hungary ID number: HU OSA 306–0–1:40 5378:, claimed that the 1956 Hungarian Revolution was a fascist uprising organised by the West. On 25 September 2023, Hungary's Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade 5084:

tournament on 6 December. The match was extremely violent, and was halted in the final minute to quell fighting among spectators. This match, now known as the "

4805:

Fascist, Hitlerite, reactionary and counter-revolutionary hooligans financed by the imperialist West took advantage of the unrest to stage a counter-revolution.

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producer: CBS (1958) – Fonds 306, Audiovisual Materials Relating to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, OSA Archivum, Budapest, Hungary ID number: HU OSA 306–0–1:40

5500: 5065:

cover as "the faces of free Hungary" in a speech marking the 50th anniversary of the uprising. Mr Gyurcsány (in a joint appearance with British Prime Minister

2662: 2481: 11451:

The Hungarian Revolution; A White Book: The Story of the October Uprising As Recorded in Documents, Dispatches, Eye-Witness Accounts, and World-wide Reactions

9162: 8301:, Rok 1956 na Węgrzech i w Polsce. Materiały z węgiersko–polskiego seminarium. Wrocław październik 1996, ed. Łukasz Andrzej Kamiński, Wrocław 1996, pp. 32–41. 3879:

building, which was a mixed group of civilian demonstrators including women, children, and elderly. Most of them came from the mass demonstration outside the

2085:) prevented direct trade with the countries of the West, and also prevented the Hungarian People's Republic from receiving American financial aid through the 16617: 16398: 15044: 13336: 12827: 2737: 14475: 11368: 10407: 10382: 8665:"The Hungarian Question on the UN Agenda: Secret Negotiations by the Western Great Powers 26 October – 4 November 1956. (British Foreign Office Documents)" 8563: 6391: 4998: 4128:

On 24 October 1956, the Politburo of the USSR discussed how to resolve the political revolts that had occurred in Warsaw Pact countries, specifically the

17170: 13385: 12876: 10494:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda

5120:", saying "he feels that this is sort of in the mood that he'd like to create." By the end of 1957, these contributions, distributed by the Geneva-based 2535: 2466: 5345:, officially apologised for the Soviet actions of 1956 in Hungary. Yeltsin made the apology in person during a 1992 speech to the Hungarian Parliament. 4961: 1000:

to the Kingdom of Hungary, after first having repelled the Royal Hungarian Army and the armies of the other Axis Powers from the territory of the USSR.

14523: 9780: 2968:

to the countries of eastern Europe, expecting that, as Secretary of the CPSU, Khrushchev's anti–Stalinist speech would substantively contribute to the

4214:(17 June 1953) – the repression of which killed 84 protestors and produced 700 anti-communist prisoners – required a new Communist government for the 11519: 3058: 1976: 6864: 3921: 16178: 15705: 14455: 13351: 12842: 12172: 11535: 6972:... the Soviet Army was ready. More than 30,000 troops were dispatched to – and 6,000 reached – Budapest by the 24th, that is, in less than a day". 6531: 6195: 4474:

criticised Western inaction in 1956 as disingenuous, recalling that the political influence of the United Nations readily applied to resolving the

3836:

Kossuth Lajos Street seen from Ferenciek Square: anti-Soviet demonstrators march in protest against the USSR's control of Hungary, 25 October 1956.

1069: 777: 6764: 3769:

for the citizens of Hungary. After Veres proclaimed the manifesto demanding Hungarian sovereignty, the crowd chanted the Hungarian patriotic poem

14022: 13470: 12961: 8893: 8285:Ł. Jastrząb, "Rozstrzelano moje serce w Poznaniu. Poznański Czerwiec 1956 r. – straty osobowe i ich analiza", Wydawnictwo Comandor, Warszawa 2006 3706: 2721: 1893: 1279: 9728: 7460:) Budapest: Information Bureau of the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1957–1958; names 213 people killed by the rebels. 7089: 4272:

in Brest, Belarus; and then spoke with the Romanian, Czechoslovak, and Bulgarian leaders in Bucharest, Romania. Finally, Khrushchev went to the

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the Kádár government and the support of the Soviet army, defeated attempts "to eliminate the socialist achievements of the Hungarian people".

13324: 12815: 11781: 10586: 10582: 10576: 10147: 10079: 4790:

published an account 36 hours after the outbreak of violence that set the tone for all further reports and subsequent Soviet historiography:

10003:"Annex A (Agreement between the Hungarian People Republic and the government of the USSR on the legal status of Soviet forces) pp. 112–113)" 8387:

Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 3 November, 1956, with Participation by J. Kádár, F. Münnich, and I. Horváth

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of Hungary; the short-lived puppet government existed for less than a year and Hungary was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945 after the

17724: 16228: 15115: 13277: 13272: 12768: 12763: 12023: 5495: 5268:, Mao again cited the Hungarian revolution, describing China as at risk of a "Hungarian Incident" if it did not win this "major battle". 2471: 2295: 2093:

fuelled anti-Soviet political discontent as the payment of foreign debt took precedence over the material needs of the Hungarian people.

7836: 4377:

convene to discuss the USSR's invasion and occupation of the Hungarian People's Republic, without decisive result, because, despite the

4210:

had alienated the hardline members of the CPSU, for whom anti-communist protests threatened Soviet hegemony in eastern Europe. That the

3959:

attacked and murdered pro-Soviet Hungarians and ÁVH policemen. The Hungarian Army armoured division stationed in Budapest, commanded by

16218: 13193: 12684: 12084: 8222: 7915:

30 October 1956, Printed in The Department of State Bulletin, XXXV, No. 907 (12 November 1956), pp. 745–747. Retrieved 19 October 2006.

7714:

Fonds 306, Audiovisual Materials Relating to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, OSA Archivum, Budapest, Hungary ID number: HU OSA 306–0–1:1

4775:. An estimated 80% of all Soviet casualties occurred in the fighting against insurgents in the eighth and ninth districts of Budapest. 4074: 1139: 17: 8971:. Cold War International History Project (CWIHP), www.CWIHP.org, by permission of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 16646: 16451: 16307: 10026: 5459: 5454: 4018:

The political flyer announces: A New Government Has Been Formed. Prime Minister Imre Nagy is head of the government, 27 October 1956.

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Dal Pci al socialismo europeo. Un'autobiografia politica (From the Communist Party to European Socialism. A political autobiography)

10605:

Dal Pci al socialismo europeo. Un'autobiografia politica (From the Communist Party to European Socialism. A political autobiography)

6356: 6318: 17774: 17669: 17133: 16790: 16489: 16393: 16259: 14292: 13132: 12310: 6408: 4273: 2371: 2062: 17719: 12001: 10514:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States

6338: 17739: 17689: 17587: 15695: 14339: 13420: 12165: 12150: 11063: 10794: 7872: 5883: 2923:(1946–56), whose heavy-hand style of communist government had proved counter-productive to the interests of the USSR in Hungary. 2013: 1514: 59: 11565:(Accessed 12 October 2006) – BBC reports on the first day of the second Soviet intervention and the fall of the Nagy government. 10846: 8525: 8252: 8091: 7928: 4409:

On 4 November 1956, the USSR vetoed the Security Council's resolution criticising the USSR's invasion of Hungary. In its stead,

3844:

The corpse of a communist officer killed defending the headquarters of the Hungarian Communist Party, Republic Square, Budapest.

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and of the university students. Angered by Gerő's rejection, some protestors realised one of their demands, and demolished the

2582: 2163: 1952:, the Rákosi government of the Hungarian People's Republic was most repressive of political, sexual, and religious minorities. 1184: 1009: 10920: 10872: 9816: 9642: 5276: 4324:. Hungarian flags were displayed in many Polish towns and villages. After the Soviet invasion, the help given by the ordinary 3955:

and Red Army monuments, and burned communist literature. Moreover, Revolutionary militias, such as the 400-man militia led by

3848: 17784: 17654: 16863: 16672: 16559: 16183: 14118: 13805: 13783: 12444: 11837: 11584:, about events of the Hungarian uprising of 1956, focusing on Hungarian demands for economic and political self-management. ( 11443: 11202: 11184: 11096: 11003:

Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest, and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt (Cold War International History Project Series)

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Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest, and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt (Cold War International History Project Series)

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commented on the contributions made by 1956 Hungarian refugees to the United States and other host countries, as well as the

5259:, as demonstrating the dangers of overemphasizing development of heavy industry while underemphasizing people's livelihoods. 3331: 2932: 1862: 1808: 1364: 1249: 740: 717: 15206: 11548:

A Hungarian language site providing historical photos and documents, books and reviews, and links to English language sites.

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were deployed to Hungary for the operation. Some rank-and-file Soviet soldiers reportedly believed they were being sent to

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26 million (US$ 6 million in 1957 dollars), the equivalent of $ 65,100,000 in today's dollars. On 1 March 2011,

5088:", became the subject of several films. The Hungarian team won the game 4–0 and later was awarded the Olympic gold medal. 17072: 17024: 17014: 16223: 14630: 13763: 13329: 12820: 11735: 11675: 11562: 10455: 2218: 2198: 2046: 1858: 1424: 910: 731: 707: 517: 16936: 16420: 13872: 13800: 7743: 2701: 17779: 17679: 17201: 16931: 16893: 16853: 16843: 16838: 16652: 16408: 16312: 15665: 14760: 13738: 13623: 13577: 13572: 13518: 13375: 13262: 13034: 12866: 12753: 12232: 11891: 11551: 11531: 10118: 7986: 7730: 7584: 5866: 3784:

In Budapest, anti-communists and nationalists place a Hungarian national flag atop a demolished statue of Josef Stalin.

3725:; likewise, the MEFESZ student union held a parallel demonstration of Hungarians' political solidarity with the Poles. 3472: 2874: 2619: 2490: 2325: 2243: 2173: 2168: 2153: 1987:– the religious persecution of Hungarian Jews, and the political persecutions of Hungarian communists and of Hungarian 1703: 1494: 1474: 1339: 1214: 1174: 759: 8605:"Solidarność polsko-węgierska '56 (w relacjach prasy) [ Polish-Hungarian solidarity '56 (in press relations)]" 6292:

A hazai gazdaság négy évtizedének története 1945–1985 (The History of Four Decades of the National Economy, 1945–1985)

17674: 17613: 17398: 17273: 17187: 17077: 16803: 16657: 15397: 14960: 14230: 14171: 12976: 12595: 12541: 12536: 12484: 12479: 12469: 12434: 12429: 12419: 12409: 12387: 12382: 12359: 12354: 12329: 12305: 12300: 12285: 12145: 11897: 11774: 11593: 11481: 11397: 11274: 11248: 11223: 11165: 11146: 11115: 11073: 11052: 11033: 11014: 10991: 10966: 10612: 10191: 10051: 9929: 9894: 9763: 9377: 9228: 9139: 9106: 8488: 8273: 8205: 7966: 7643: 7530: 7479: 7346: 7152: 6960: 6488: 6420: 6368: 6299: 6218: 6150: 6101: 6036: 5895: 5656: 5356: 5187: 4987: 4406:

liberation of eastern Europe, Dulles told the USSR that: "We do not see these states as potential military allies."

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who was beholden to the USSR. To ensure ideological compliance within his Stalinist government, Rákosi used the ÁVH (

1854: 13968: 11353:

Mark, James. "Antifascism, the 1956 Revolution and the politics of communist autobiographies in Hungary 1944–2000".

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1–5, Budapest: a Magyar Népköztársaság Minisztertanácsa Tájekoztatási Hivatala, 1956–8; available in translation as

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Borhi, László (1999). "Containment, Rollback, Liberation or Inaction? The United States and Hungary in the 1950s".

8167:

Cold War International History Project: Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 1 November 1956

6503: 6005:"Chapter II. A (Developments before 22 October 1956), paragraphs 49 (p. 18), 379–380 (p. 122) and 382–385 (p. 123)" 5194: 5097: 5061:

stories are the subject of the article. In 2006, Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány referred to this famous

4241:

In the People's Republic of Hungary, the anti-communist militants concluded that "the Party is the incarnation of

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From the Western perspective, the countries of western Europe co-operated with the CIA's propaganda radio network,

2643: 2411: 2264: 2178: 1779: 1204: 769: 14778: 14640: 14324: 10426: 17769: 17754: 16730: 16613: 16464: 16403: 15820: 15201: 15130: 15030: 14908: 14680: 14670: 14257: 13644: 13240: 13225: 13166: 12971: 12731: 12716: 12657: 12016: 11557: 8021: 4880: 4374: 3017: 2838: 2545: 2499: 2285: 2223: 2208: 2058: 1683: 14595: 14482: 14470: 13380: 12871: 10404: 10390: 9943:"Situation Report to the Central Committee of the Communist Party by Malenkov-Suslov-Aristov (22 November 1956)" 6388: 5069:) commented "It is an idealised image but the faces of the figures are really the face of the revolutionaries". 4879:. Few Hungarians rejoined the reorganised Party, its leadership having been purged under the supervision of the 1888:

and of the natural resources of the country. Moreover, by 1955, the relatively free politics of Hungary allowed

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well-equipped foreign army crushing by overwhelming force a national movement and eliminating the Government".

4325: 4136:, the hardline faction of the CPSU voted for military intervention, but were opposed by Khrushchev and Marshal 3822: 3390: 2763: 2320: 2305: 2254: 1909: 1866: 1738: 1698: 1579: 1444: 854: 202: 165: 107: 14920: 14650: 14161: 13933: 10414:

of Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány in the Hungarian Parliament (23 October 2006). Retrieved 21 September 2008.

6716:

Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Resolution by Students of the Building Industry Technological University:

17734: 17704: 17532: 17522: 17288: 16735: 16484: 16198: 15213: 15166: 14930: 14853: 14585: 13363: 12854: 12605: 12334: 12160: 12155: 12110: 5093: 4943: 4534:) ordered the arrest of the Hungarian delegation, and the next day, the Soviet army again attacked Budapest. 4031:

consider the revolt as a "great, national and democratic event", and not an anti-communist counter-revolution

2867: 2853: 2587: 2341: 2259: 2137: 1648: 1329: 1129: 969: 873: 14645: 14354: 14277: 13948: 11363:

Nyyssönen, Heino, and Jussi Metsälä. "Building on legacy and tradition: commemorations of 1956 in Hungary".

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British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) reports on Nagy reburial with full honors. Retrieved 13 October 2006.

9790: 8856:"Policy Review of Voice For Free Hungary Programming from 23 October to 23 November 1956 (15 December 1956)" 4850: 4060: 17749: 17699: 17378: 17250: 17123: 16868: 16783: 16720: 16574: 16413: 15231: 15191: 15161: 15110: 14970: 14888: 14884: 14755: 14685: 14450: 14267: 13928: 13860: 13440: 13405: 13346: 13235: 13230: 13198: 13125: 12931: 12896: 12837: 12726: 12721: 12689: 12630: 12551: 12509: 12392: 11767: 10521: 10501: 9595:

Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Union and the 1956 Crises in Hungary and Poland: Reassessments and New Findings",

6504:

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev, First Secretary, Communist Party of the Soviet Union (24–25 February 1956).

5595: 5490: 5474: 5449: 4663: 4649: 4569: 4450: 3722: 3544: 3462: 3450: 3395: 2848: 2803: 2758: 2562: 2557: 1394: 785: 17034: 8753:"Study Prepared for U.S. Army Intelligence "Hungary, Resistance Activities and Potentials" (January 1956)" 7661:"Chapter II. F (A Brief History of the Hungarian Uprising), paragraph 66 (p. 22) and footnote 26 (p. 183)" 7381:"Chapter II. F (Political Developments) II. G (Mr. Nagy clarifies his position), paragraphs 67–70 (p. 23)" 6691: 773: 17582: 17572: 17527: 17322: 17165: 17039: 16941: 16705: 16479: 16203: 15675: 15670: 15387: 15065: 14793: 14538: 14497: 14441: 14344: 14225: 14183: 14088: 13613: 13567: 13430: 13299: 13267: 13203: 13066: 13049: 12921: 12790: 12758: 12694: 12583: 12474: 12459: 12295: 11723: 6874: 5323: 5281: 5228: 5203: 4927: 4550: 4455: 4321: 3925: 3797: 3714: 3658: 3606: 3005: 2335: 2050:

workers' disposable income in 1952 was two-thirds of the disposable income of Hungarian workers in 1938.

1772: 1708: 1693: 1049: 1029: 981: 8949:

Imre Nagy's Telegram to Diplomatic Missions in Budapest Declaring Hungary's Neutrality (1 November 1956)

8426:"Working Notes and Attached Extract from the Minutes of the CPSU CC Presidium Meeting, October 31, 1956" 3738: 17709: 17664: 17459: 17452: 17418: 17143: 17082: 17050: 16961: 16848: 16338: 16040: 15261: 15246: 15236: 15090: 14690: 14178: 13981: 13748: 13475: 12966: 12504: 12494: 12464: 12454: 12069: 12009: 11985: 10691: 5327: 5089: 4215: 3484: 3479: 2818: 2629: 2346: 1937: 1925: 1836: 1678: 1224: 927:, and pledged to re-establish free elections. By the end of October the intense fighting had subsided. 894: 666: 633: 622: 8889: 8664: 5479: 4420:

In the U.S., two facts determined the inaction of the Eisenhower government: (i) the U.S. Army study,

4309: 4059:

uninvolved in the Russo–American Cold War. About 8000 political prisoners were released, most notably

3733:

In the afternoon of 23 October 1956, approximately 20,000 protestors met beside the statue of General

17196: 17160: 17064: 16903: 16269: 16145: 16090: 15910: 14898: 14605: 14166: 13778: 13695: 13314: 13208: 12805: 12699: 12499: 11655: 11006: 7552:"Chapter XII. D (Reassertion of Political Rights), paragraph 339 (p. 105) and paragraph 583 (p. 179)" 6235: 5590:(Counter-revolution); and, since 1990, the official term for the Hungarian Revolution is the phrase: 4876: 4576:

to fight German fascists. By 21:30 on 3 November, the Soviet Army had completely encircled Budapest.

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tanks patrolling the streets of Budapest, until the Red Army temporarily withdrew on 31 October 1956.

3591: 3385: 3343: 2731: 1824: 1569: 1464: 1269: 1259: 1074: 11417: 10111:'Hungary 1956: A Participant's Account' in The Stalinist Legacy: Its Impact on 20th-Century Politics 8811: 8074: 7436: 6454: 5637:

Logusz, Michael O. (1997). Galicia Division: The Waffen-SS 14th Grenadier Division 1943–1945. p. 49.

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in providing refuge to East Germans during the 1989 protests against communist rule. U.S. President

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before 23 October were reinforced; Soviet forces soon reached a total strength of 17 divisions. The

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became prime minister (1953–55) of the Hungarian People's Republic, in replacement of the Stalinist

218: 17659: 17562: 17497: 17363: 17334: 17236: 17231: 17148: 17057: 16883: 15895: 15462: 14725: 14615: 14369: 13913: 13455: 13161: 12946: 12652: 12227: 12031: 11846: 11494:, General Assembly, Official Records, Eleventh Session, Supplement No. 18 (A/3592), New York, 1957 11407: 11341: 11315:

Erőss, Ágnes. "'In memory of victims': Monument and counter-monument in Liberty Square, Budapest".

10726: 10654: 9422: 8255:, (by permission of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars) Retrieved 10 October 2006 7689: 7608: 7416: 6745: 6614: 6325:". The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution (2003). Retrieved 27 August 2006. 6052: 5548: 5505: 5320: 5265: 5186:, a close ally of the PCI, opposed the Soviet intervention as well. Napolitano, elected in 2006 as 5085: 4583:

side of the Danube in two thrusts: one up the Soroksári road from the south and the other down the

4557: 3009: 1984: 1728: 1609: 1454: 222: 207: 15635: 11390:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A History in Documents (National Security Archive Cold War Readers)

11309: 10155: 10087: 8389:, (by permission of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars) Retrieved 8 October 2006 7227:, (by permission of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars) Retrieved 8 October 2006 6459:"European Archival Evidence. Stalin and the Cold War in Europe" Workshop, Budapest, 1956 Institute 5832: 4206:

The militarists in the CPSU would not understand the USSR's failure to intervene in Hungary. That

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Hungary 1956 Revisited: The Message of a Revolution – a Quarter of a Century After

10550: 9495:"Chapter VIII. B (The Political Background of the Second Soviet Intervention), para 600 (p. 186)" 8139: 6659:"Notes from the Minutes of the CPSU CC Presidium Meeting with Satellite Leaders, 24 October 1956" 5509: 5297: 5252: 5211: 5183: 5145: 5121: 5053: 4658: 4258: 3803:

Also at 20:00 hrs, a crowd of nationalist and anti-communist protestors had gathered outside the

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Okváth, Imre (1999). "Hungary in the Warsaw Pact: The Initial Phase of Integration, 1957–1971".

6508:. Special Report at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Archived from 5379: 5359:

commemorated the fiftieth anniversary of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. U.S. Secretary of State

4417:

government of Hungary rejected the presence of UN observers in the Hungarian People's Republic.

4219: 3001: 2540: 1876:

Based upon the economic model of the USSR, the Hungarian Working People's Party established the

17764: 17408: 16878: 16667: 15915: 15419: 14813: 14487: 13963: 13723: 13718: 13511: 13245: 13061: 12736: 12257: 12192: 10512: 10492: 9316:"Chapter VII. D (The Political Background of the Second Soviet Intervention), para 291 (p. 89)" 6717: 5464: 5422: 5337:

In December 1991, the preamble of the treaties signed with the dismembered Soviet Union, under

5215: 5197:(CPGB) suffered the loss of thousands of party members following the events in Hungary. Though 4257:

influenced Khrushchev's decision to repress the Hungarian uprising. The deputy chairman of the

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As Hungarian revolutionaries fought the soldiers and tanks of the Red Army with small arms and

3852:

Anti-communist Hungarian revolutionaries amid the damaged buildings of Budapest, November 1956.

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At the end of the Second World War (1939–1945), the Kingdom of Hungary was in the geopolitical

1434: 985: 16569: 16125: 12449: 11304:

Csipke, Zoltán. "The changing significance of the 1956 revolution in post-communist Hungary".

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K. Danilov "The Provocation Continues". International Affairs, No. 8, Vol. 3, 1957, pp. 54–61.

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Meanwhile, nationalist and anti-communist loyalties had fractured the chain of command of the

3737:, a national hero of Poland and Hungary. To the amassed crowd of protestors, the intellectual 2552: 2008:. According to their particular politics, anti-communist Hungarians were either imprisoned in 1955: 1873:

treaty of mutual assistance, which allowed stationing troops of Red Army soldiers in Hungary.

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The handing down of experiences in families of the politically condemned in Communist Hungary

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Plaque commemorating Polish-Hungarian solidarity during the Hungarian revolution of 1956, at

4226:

movement, which installed a Polish Communist government less dependent on orders from Moscow.

3566: 3514: 3494: 3432: 3412: 3407: 3241: 3121: 3116: 3088: 3083: 2989: 2843: 2828: 2706: 2461: 2442: 1673: 10265:"Chapter I. E (Attempts to observe in Hungary and meet Imre Nagy), paragraphs 32–34 (p. 14)" 10066: 9756:

1956: European and global perspectives, Volume 1 of Global history and international studies

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The Hungarian Revolution of 1956: A Collection of Documents from the British Foreign Office

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The remainder of the group was returned to Budapest in 1958. Nagy was executed, along with

4389:– prevented the West from criticizing the imperialism of the USSR; the U.S. vice president 4222:(June 1956) – the repression of which killed 57–78 anti-communist protestors – created the 4182: 4177:

The damaged headquarters of the Hungarian Communist Party, on Köztársaság tér, in Budapest.

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was proclaimed and established as a socialist state, with whom the USSR then concorded the

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Documentary film 2007. The significant global effects of the Hungarian revolution of 1956.

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Journey to a Revolution: A Personal Memoir and History of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956

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by Csaba Békés & Malcolm Byrne (Published by Central European University Press, 2002,

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was invited to attend negotiations on Soviet withdrawal at the Soviet Military Command at

2053:

Besides paying for the Red Army occupation of socialist Hungary, the Hungarians also paid

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On 23 October, the honest socialist Hungarians demonstrated against mistakes made by the

4749: 4561: 4087: 3965: 3944: 3858: 3628: 3601: 3554: 3539: 3455: 3375: 3353: 3348: 3306: 3236: 2808: 2081:. Moreover, participation in the Soviet-sponsored Council of Mutual Economic Assistance ( 2009: 1885: 1800: 1743: 1524: 1194: 1109: 977: 602: 548: 357: 14990: 14903: 11646:

The 1956 Hungarian revolution and the Soviet bloc countries: reactions and repercussions

10351: 10239:"Chapter I. D (Organization and Function of the Committee), paragraphs 1–26 (pp. 10–13)" 9942: 8990: 8781: 8752: 8425: 8223:"Hannah Arendt, Totalitarianism and the Revolutions in Central Europe: 1956, 1968, 1989" 7723: 6658: 6426: 6094:

Hungary's Negotiated Revolution: Economic Reform, Social Change and Political Succession

5010: 4819: 4720: 4512: 4414: 4281: 3931: 3900: 3316: 2609: 580: 394: 17606: 17537: 17504: 17438: 17388: 17293: 17219: 17029: 16978: 16951: 16811: 16725: 16608: 16289: 16085: 16070: 15995: 15975: 15970: 15955: 15802: 15550: 15302: 15186: 14940: 14843: 14828: 14740: 14730: 14705: 14700: 14465: 14419: 14334: 14319: 14262: 14078: 14001: 13877: 13768: 13758: 13485: 13089: 13071: 13024: 13006: 12986: 12625: 12377: 12275: 12247: 12130: 12115: 11729: 11626: 11613: 11600: 11450: 11290:

Cash, John Joseph. "Commemoration and Contestation of the 1956 Revolution in Hungary".

10820: 9639: 9124: 8837: 8711: 8523:"New Evidence on Soviet Decision-making and the 1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises" (PDF) 8089:"New Evidence on Soviet Decision-making and the 1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises" (PDF) 8062: 7926:"New Evidence on Soviet Decision-making and the 1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises" (PDF) 7424: 5159: 5129: 4942:, after secret trials in June 1958. Their bodies were placed in unmarked graves in the 4915: 4869: 4688: 4403: 4395: 4370: 4133: 4024: 3623: 3559: 3509: 3467: 3437: 3425: 3363: 3338: 3326: 3311: 3296: 3251: 3141: 3126: 2997: 2798: 2504: 2451: 1897: 1688: 1668: 1663: 1653: 1504: 1319: 1038: 973: 957: 838: 15985: 15814: 11408:

In the Line of Fire: New Archival Evidence on the Soviet Intervention in Hungary, 1956

11177:

Resistance, Rebellion and Revolution in Hungary and Central Europe: Commemorating 1956

11079: 10326: 9729:"The Hungarian Refugee Crisis of 1956 and the Challenges of Organizational Adaptation" 7090:"BLOODY THURSDAY, 1956: THE ANATOMY OF THE KOSSUTH SQUARE MASSACRE | Hungarian Review" 5901: 5288:, who took sanctuary in what was the Yugoslav embassy during the Hungarian Revolution. 4695:

as the last representative of the National Government remaining at his post. He wrote

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In February 1956, as the First Secretary of the CPSU, Nikita Khrushchev initiated the

2078: 17477: 17472: 17368: 17255: 16971: 16888: 16710: 16302: 16155: 16100: 16075: 16030: 15960: 15935: 15900: 15890: 15859: 15746: 15630: 15600: 15337: 15327: 15241: 15135: 14980: 14695: 14492: 14349: 14302: 14200: 14151: 14125: 14103: 13943: 13923: 13867: 13855: 13669: 13504: 13445: 13252: 13178: 13156: 12996: 12936: 12743: 12669: 12647: 12546: 12424: 12237: 12217: 12212: 12202: 12037: 11589: 11577: 11568: 11477: 11439: 11393: 11270: 11244: 11219: 11198: 11180: 11161: 11142: 11132: 11111: 11092: 11069: 11048: 11029: 11010: 10987: 10962: 10826: 10758: 10740: 10730: 10699: 10668: 10658: 10608: 10187: 10114: 10047: 9925: 9890: 9759: 9690: 9373: 9342:"Chapter VII. D (a silent carrier wave was detected until 9:45 am), para 292 (p. 89)" 9224: 9168: 9135: 9102: 8841: 8522: 8505: 8484: 8333: 8269: 8201: 8088: 8026: 7962: 7925: 7697: 7639: 7580: 7526: 7475: 7362: 7342: 7148: 6956: 6805: 6525: 6484: 6416: 6364: 6295: 6214: 6146: 6118: 6097: 6032: 5891: 5862: 5811: 5768:"Hungarian Refugee Cards, 1956-1957, Now Available in JDC Names Index | JDC Archives" 5652: 5434: 5375: 5338: 5155: 5141: 5133: 5002: 4772: 4757: 4145:(29 October – 7 November 1956) of the French and the British empires' seizure of the 4034:

effect an unconditional ceasefire and grant political amnesty for the revolutionaries

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ordered the Red Army to occupy Budapest – the capital city of a Warsaw Pact country.

3804: 3611: 3581: 3549: 3489: 3321: 3216: 3206: 3136: 3111: 2961: 2726: 2652: 2509: 2042: 1941: 1877: 1599: 1484: 1013: 885: 529: 369: 331: 246: 16279: 15950: 11759: 8715: 8564:

The First Domino: International Decision Making During the Hungarian Crisis of 1956.

6765:"SIR – The Whole Body of Hungarian Intellectuals Has Issued the Following Manifesto" 6280:, Chapter 2 (The Society and Its Environment) "Religion and Religious Organizations" 5790:"Hungarian Refugees of 1956: From the Border to Austria, Camp Kilmer, and Elsewhere" 5606: 5552: 4340:

By 12 November, over 11,000 honorary blood donors had registered throughout Poland.

4296:

elements openly incited the employees of the Yugoslav security organs to violence."

4285: 3780: 3184: 407: 17622: 17552: 17547: 17428: 17339: 17260: 16388: 16065: 15990: 15920: 15905: 15885: 15832: 15615: 15610: 15590: 15540: 15530: 15357: 15322: 15307: 15256: 14985: 14925: 14765: 14424: 14404: 14113: 14055: 14049: 14016: 13996: 13986: 13835: 13636: 13628: 13480: 13435: 13341: 12981: 12926: 12832: 12573: 12344: 12314: 12280: 12125: 11709: 11702: 11632: 11619: 11606: 11026:

The First Domino: International Decision Making during the Hungarian Crisis of 1956

10508: 10488: 10208: 9828: 9393: 8829: 8812:"Managing Media Influence Operations: Lessons from Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty" 8703: 7789:"Chapter XI (Revolutionary and Workers' Councils), paragraph 485–560 (pp. 154–170)" 5801: 5374:

In August 2023, a history textbook written by former Minister of Culture of Russia

5360: 5233: 5171: 4991: 4935: 4923: 4768: 4692: 4675: 4638: 4519: 4433: 4341: 4234: 4229:

Hungarian geopolitical neutrality and withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact breached the

4056: 4050:

On 1 November, the Nagy government formally declared Hungary's withdrawal from the

3993: 3960: 3940: 3586: 3504: 3402: 3370: 3246: 2939: 2904: 2519: 2021: 1643: 1309: 953: 906: 568: 457: 319: 11542:, containing documents and other source materials relating to the 1956 Revolution. 11332:

Gyáni, Gábor. "Revolution, uprising, civil war: the conceptual dilemmas of 1956".

11089:

One Day That Shook the Communist World: The 1956 Hungarian Uprising and Its Legacy

9271:

One Day That Shook the Communist World: The 1956 Hungarian Uprising and Its Legacy

8833: 8044: 7998: 7945: 7211:

One Day That Shook the Communist World: The 1956 Hungarian Uprising and Its Legacy

5162:, supported the actions of the Soviet Union in suppressing the uprising. However, 4919: 493: 17557: 17512: 17490: 16983: 16956: 16873: 16603: 16564: 16425: 16284: 16140: 16130: 16115: 16095: 16080: 16055: 16000: 15765: 15733: 15625: 15585: 15347: 15342: 15282: 15223: 14955: 14833: 14660: 14625: 14533: 14528: 14252: 14146: 13820: 13753: 13743: 13708: 13664: 13651: 13603: 13257: 13001: 12748: 12600: 12568: 12242: 12222: 11581: 10894: 10871:(Press release). International Information Programs. 22 June 2006. Archived from 10474: 10467: 10430: 10411: 10030: 9646: 9401: 8955: 8897: 8739: 8549: 8529: 8174: 8095: 7932: 7622: 7406: 6869: 6751: 6509: 6440: 6395: 6342: 6322: 6059: 5559: 5441: 5245: 5048: 5041: 4966: 4884: 4741: 4549:

The second Soviet intervention, codenamed "Operation Whirlwind", was launched by

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and the 38th Army under Lieutenant General Hadzhi-Umar Mamsurov from the nearby

4046:

arrange the immediate withdrawal of the Red Army from Budapest and from Hungary

3745:), read a manifesto demanding Hungarian independence from all foreign powers; a 1816: 505: 475: 17627: 17483: 16745: 16740: 16110: 16035: 16025: 16020: 15880: 15620: 15409: 15332: 15060: 14965: 14715: 14655: 14287: 14205: 14108: 14068: 14038: 13938: 13893: 13183: 13173: 13084: 12911: 12674: 12664: 12041: 11918: 11909: 11879: 11746: 11738:– multicultural Canada oral history collection of revolution refugees in Canada 9977:"Chapter XIV.I.A, para 642 (p. 198), János Kádár's 15 points (4 November 1956)" 9397: 8910:"Hungary, 1956: Reviving the Debate over U.S. (In)action during the Revolution" 8707: 5399: 5368: 5293: 5256: 5005:

meets exiled Hungarian revolutionaries at Camp Roeder in Salzburg, 10 May 1957.

4888: 4854:

A monument commemorating those who died during the fighting on 25 October 1956.

4799: 4464: 4381:(22–24 October 1956), the Anglo–French intervention to Egyptian politics – the 4223: 4194: 4129: 3948: 3916: 3888: 3793: 3789: 3762: 3273: 3174: 3164: 3022: 2954: 2823: 2634: 2070: 2001: 1828: 1762: 344: 49: 9952:. George Washington University: The National Security Archive. 4 November 2002 9077:"Chapter IV. E (Logistical deployment of new Soviet troops), para 181 (p. 56)" 9000:. George Washington University: The National Security Archive. 4 November 2002 8865:. George Washington University: The National Security Archive. 4 November 2002 8791:. George Washington University: The National Security Archive. 4 November 2002 8762:. George Washington University: The National Security Archive. 4 November 2002 8435:. George Washington University: The National Security Archive. 4 November 2002 6718:

Sixteen Political, Economic, and Ideological Points, Budapest, 22 October 1956

6668:. George Washington University: The National Security Archive. 4 November 2002 6294:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Közdazdasági és Jogi Könyvkiadó. pp. 214, 217. 5728: 5371:

also visited Hungary on 22 June 2006 to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary.

5170:, spoke out against the leadership's position, as did prominent party members 4753: 381: 17648: 17467: 16755: 16589: 16274: 16120: 16015: 15980: 15965: 15925: 15467: 15297: 15035: 14945: 14808: 14788: 14675: 14436: 14414: 14379: 13958: 13953: 13908: 13830: 13790: 13539: 13390: 13044: 12881: 12519: 11741: 11732:– personal stories of survival and escape from participants in the revolution 11652:

Hungary, 1956: Reviving the Debate over U.S. (In)action during the Revolution

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Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest, and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt

9244: 8187: 6481:

Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest, and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt

6157:

Gati describes "the most gruesome forms of psychological and physical torture

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Hungary, 1956: Reviving the Debate over U.S. (In)action During the Revolution

4390: 4353: 4137: 3826: 3268: 3201: 2949: 2900: 2833: 2696: 2624: 2577: 2361: 2086: 876:

to protest against the USSR's geopolitical domination of Hungary through the

857:(1949–1989) and the policies caused by the government's subordination to the 534: 480: 462: 444: 295: 259: 9410:] (in Hungarian). Vol. 4, 1935–1979. ifj. István Bibó, Tibor Huszár 7959:

Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt

7873:"Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 30 October 1956" 7472:

Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt

7145:

Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt

6953:

Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt

6278:(2nd ed.). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 320. 6143:

Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt

5349: 5150: 3977: 3871: 3734: 3685:

On 13 October 1956, a group of 12 students from the university faculties in

419: 16469: 16366: 16354: 16060: 16010: 15940: 15930: 15784: 15772: 15759: 15565: 15392: 14893: 14141: 13991: 13850: 13845: 13840: 13546: 13309: 13142: 12800: 12324: 12290: 12045: 11858: 11572: 11496: 10305: 10284: 10264: 10238: 10002: 9976: 9575: 9549: 9523: 9494: 9468: 9442: 9341: 9315: 9289: 9198: 9076: 9050: 9024: 8928: 8404: 7815:"Chapter II. E (Revolutionary and Workers' Councils), paragraph 63 (p. 22)" 7814: 7788: 7681: 7660: 7551: 7500: 7380: 7316: 7290: 7242: 7173: 7122: 7068: 7042: 7013: 6987: 6930: 6904: 6843: 6729: 6632: 6551:"Chapter II. A (Developments before 22 October 1956), paragraph 48 (p. 18)" 6550: 6196:"Budapest Jews Score Anti-semitic Tenor of Statement by Hungarian Cardinal" 6004: 5978: 5952: 5926: 5677: 5540: 5219: 5179: 5108: 4903: 4825:

Hungarian patriots, with Soviet assistance, smashed the counter-revolution.

4584: 3788:

At 20:00 hrs, the first secretary of the Hungarian Working People's Party,

3766: 2985: 2903:

allowed the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) to proceed with the

2290: 2116: 2101: 2074: 1988: 1980: 1949: 1889: 1846: 965: 858: 149: 12561: 11108:

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956: Reform, Revolt and Repression, 1953–1963

10720: 10648: 9576:"Chapter V. B (The Second Soviet Military Intervention), para 200 (p. 62)" 9290:"Chapter V. B (The Second Soviet Military Intervention), para 188 (p. 58)" 8991:"Minutes of the Nagy Government's Fourth Cabinet Meeting, 1 November 1956" 8049:. Budapest: The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution 6844:"Chapter II. C (The First Shots), para 55 (p. 20) & para 464 (p. 149)" 6273: 5806: 5218:'s policy of supporting Soviet actions. The French philosopher and writer 3718: 16518: 16105: 15710: 15680: 15535: 15525: 15424: 15287: 15080: 14569: 14399: 14384: 14195: 14043: 14011: 13898: 13713: 13618: 13557: 13415: 12906: 12635: 12556: 12489: 12319: 10722:

The cultural revolution at the margins : Chinese socialism in crisis

10688:

Building for Oil: Daqing and the Formation of the Chinese Socialist State

10650:

The cultural revolution at the margins : Chinese socialism in crisis

9158: 8622: 6208: 5890:. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana. pp. 139–152. 5223: 5198: 5125: 5104: 4971: 4809: 4634: 4616: 4608: 4597: 4580: 4573: 4382: 4362: 4293: 4230: 4142: 4051: 3770: 3750: 3596: 2981: 2753: 2743: 2393: 2352: 2330: 2005: 1967:

In 1949, the Rákosi government arrested, tortured and convicted Cardinal

1820: 961: 931: 924: 11692: 11684: 11065:

Diplomacy in a Whirlpool: Hungary between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia

10575:

The following are references in English on the conflicting positions of

7944:

The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution: Part 3.

7762: 6730:

United Nations Report of the Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary

6413:

Diplomacy in a Whirlpool: Hungary between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia

6361:

Diplomacy in a Whirlpool: Hungary between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia

5888:

Diplomacy in a Whirlpool: Hungary between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia

5148:(PCI) suffered a split. According to the official newspaper of the PCI, 4964:

was one of the left leaders of the Hungarian uprising and member of the

3643: 1853:. The brief, four‑year period of multi-party democracy ended when the 1733: 17383: 15864: 15575: 15545: 15499: 15414: 15382: 15374: 15317: 15005: 14720: 14409: 14297: 13903: 13450: 13400: 13319: 13188: 12941: 12891: 12810: 12679: 11325:

Gyáni, Gábor. "Memory and discourse on the 1956 Hungarian revolution".

11259:

Diplomacy at the Brink: Eisenhower, Churchill, and Eden in the Cold War

10895:"Soviet invasions of Hungary and Czechoslovakia were wrong, Putin says" 10822:

Imagining Postcommunism: Visual Narratives of Hungary's 1956 Revolution

10423: 9172: 8405:"Chapter II. J (Mr. Kádár forms a government), para. 77–78 (pp. 26–27)" 6809: 5927:"Chapter II. A (Developments before 22 October 1956), para. 47 (p. 18)" 5316:

has Hungarian Freedom Park, named in 1968 to commemorate the uprising.

5260: 5081: 5066: 4605: 4553: 4527: 4523: 4475: 4460: 4386: 4262: 4254: 4146: 3892: 3618: 3211: 3050: 2716: 2594: 2017: 1933: 909:(councils of workers) assumed control of municipal government from the 850: 283: 271: 14518: 11580:

Andy Anderson's pamphlet, written in 1964 and originally published by

11558:

Universal Pictures and Warner Pathé newsreels regarding the revolution

10921:"Hungary's Energy Supply is Guaranteed, Says Russian Foreign Minister" 10628: 7837:"NATO in the Beholder's Eye: Soviet Perceptions and Policies, 1949–56" 5586:("uprising"); in the Communist period of 1957–1988, the term used was 5236:, still a determined Communist, criticised the Soviets in his article 2024:, the minister of the interior who established the ÁVH secret police. 16508: 16371: 16160: 16005: 15854: 15827: 15640: 15595: 15504: 15472: 15452: 15444: 14773: 14563: 12529: 11042: 9218: 9096: 8825: 8623:"Węgry: odsłonięto pomnik polskiej solidarności i pomocy w 1956 roku" 7745:

Hungary '56: "the proletariat storming heaven" – Mouvement Communiste

7458:

The counter-revolutionary conspiracy of Imre Nagy and his accomplices

5285: 5124:

as food rations, clothing and other essentials, had amounted to some

5018: 5014: 4911: 4895: 4868:

continued until mid-1957, causing economic disruption. By 1963, most

4601: 4358: 4357:

Dutch anti-communists march in support of the Hungarian Revolution. (

3909: 3862: 3231: 3169: 2916: 2908: 2604: 2406: 2106: 2090: 1921: 1913: 992:(22 June 1941), the invasion of the USSR. In the event, by 1944, the 920: 877: 438: 9880: 9675:

Minutes of the Meeting between the Hungarian and Chinese Delegations

8604: 6415:. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana. p. 158. 5304:

Plaza. There is also a monument of "A Boy From Pest" in the town of

4745: 4545:

armored personnel carrier burns on a Budapest street, November 1956.

4334: 4330: 3792:

broadcast a hardline speech condemning the political demands of the

27:

Citizen rebellion in Communist Hungary repressed by the Soviet Union

16828: 16768: 15739: 15580: 15477: 15352: 15171: 15075: 14215: 14073: 13527: 13465: 13094: 12956: 11965: 11913: 11585: 8367:. George Washington University: The National Security Archive. 1999 7882:. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. 30 October 1956 7404: 5547:, Maksim Moshkow's Library) list 31,550 soldiers, 1,130 tanks, and 5305: 4955: 4579:

At 03:00 on 4 November, Soviet tanks penetrated Budapest along the

4429: 4399: 4101: 3952: 3263: 2984:, the USSR established the Warsaw Pact with seven countries of the 2778: 2476: 993: 865: 755: 41: 14859:

Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

10847:"U.S. State Department Commemorates the 1956 Hungarian Revolution" 10306:"Chapter II. N (Summary of conclusions), paragraph 89 (pp. 30–32)" 10067:"On This Day 16 June 1989: Hungary reburies fallen hero Imre Nagy" 7846:. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Archived from 6179:"József Mindszenty: An inveterate anti-Semite or a national hero?" 5382:

said "labelling these people as fascists is simply unacceptable".

4931:

his jailers "carelessly pushed a feeding tube down his windpipe".

4284:

as the new leader of the People's Republic of Hungary, instead of

2948:, which catalogued and denounced the abuses of power committed by 1803:

of the USSR. In the political aftermath of the War, Hungary was a

16799: 16554: 16513: 15685: 15570: 15560: 15509: 15050: 13795: 11977: 11829: 11802: 11794: 11236:

A History of Hungary: From Liberation to Revolution (pp. 368–383)

9827:(154). Society of the Hungarian Quarterly: 86–101. Archived from 9699:

The Counter-Revolutionary Forces in the October Events in Hungary

9167:. London: D. Dobson. Chapter 9 (The Second Soviet Intervention). 7454:

The counter-revolutionary forces in the October events in Hungary

5030: 5026: 5022: 4840:

The Counter-Revolutionary Forces in the October Events in Hungary

4716: 4631: 4620: 4612: 4542: 4289: 3986: 3758: 3695: 3226: 3159: 2912: 2456: 2400: 2357: 2082: 1972: 1929: 1870: 1850: 1619: 936: 901: 869: 645: 10849:(Press release). American Hungarian Federation. 13 February 2006 10206: 8146:. The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution 4667: 4105: 3691: 16323: 15753: 15555: 15494: 14429: 12033: 11883: 10527: 10327:

Resolution 1312 (XIII) The Situation in Hungary (Item 59, p. 69

8532:, Cold War International History Project Bulletin, pp. 373–374. 7680: 7112: 7110: 6077:

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956: Reform, Revolt and Repression

5544: 5539:(1957) estimated 75,000–200,000 soldiers and 1,600–4,000 tanks 5516: 5313: 5309: 4786: 4764: 4679: 4671: 4313: 4109: 3972: 3699: 3686: 3221: 1099: 13140: 10634:

Le Web de l'Humanite, 21 June 2005. Retrieved 24 October 2006.

8253:

Report from A. Grechko and Tarasov in Berlin to N. A. Bulganin

7501:"Chapter II. F (Political developments), paragraph 66 (p. 22)" 7032: 7030: 6115:

Budapest 1900: A Historical Portrait of a City and its Culture

4518:

On 3 November, a Hungarian delegation led by Defence Minister

4320:

The events in Hungary were met with a spontaneous reaction in

3943:

in the streets of Budapest, throughout Hungary, revolutionary

2027:

The Rákosi government politicised the education system with a

1813:

Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and the Civic Party

930:

Although initially willing to negotiate the withdrawal of the

16238: 16194:

American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation

15700: 15483: 13562: 10424:

Statement with the Hungarian Prime Minister (11 October 2006)

10133:

Johns Hopkins University Professor Charles Gati, in his book

9673:

George Washington University: The National Security Archive,

9660:

George Washington University: The National Security Archive,

8817:

International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence

6289: 5103:

On Sunday, January 6, 1957, as millions of Americans watched

4958:, he finally left the embassy for Austria in September 1971. 4763:

The last holdouts against the Soviet assault were located in

4442:

International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence

2269: 745: 11563:"On this day 4 November 1956: Soviet troops overrun Hungary" 11047:. New York: Central European University Press. p. 350. 9223:. New York: Central European University Press. p. 350. 9101:. New York: Central European University Press. p. 350. 7107: 5651:. New York: Central European University Press. p. 370. 5429:

Cultural representations of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956

5154:, most ordinary members and the Party leadership, including 4744:

captured Parliament and liberated captured ministers of the

4459:, states that the RFE broadcasts sanctioned by CIA official 15778: 15660: 13552: 13496: 11957: 11233:

Sugar, Peter F. (1994). Hanak, Peter; Frank, Tibor (eds.).

7027: 5167: 4907: 4812:) forces stationed in Hungary to assist in restoring order. 4808:

The honest Hungarian people under Nagy appealed to Soviet (

4735:

Rubble after the end of fighting in Budapest's 8th District

4642: 4594: 4589: 4166: 4120:

Parliament to assure the Nagy government of their support.

3713:

against the USSR's geopolitical hegemony upon Hungary. The

3258: 2315: 2280: 2143: 1079: 736: 713: 11388:

Bekes, Csaba; Byrne, Malcolm; Rainer, Janos, eds. (2003).

11382:

A Student's Diary: Budapest, October 16 – November 1, 1956

8098:, Cold War International History Project Bulletin, p. 369. 7935:, Cold War International History Project Bulletin, p. 368. 5757:(2007) Third Edition, George Childs Kohn, Ed. pp. 237–238. 4526:, near Budapest. At around midnight that evening, General 923:

disbanded the ÁVH, declared Hungary's withdrawal from the

16233: 16213: 16208: 11492:

Report of the Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary

9677:

in Budapest on 16 January 1957, Retrieved 7 December 2008

6439:

Library of Congress: Country Studies: Hungary, Chapter 3

6433: 5594:(Revolution and the Fight for Freedom), which evokes the 5425:", an Italian song about the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 4531: 3992:

The Nagy government freed the political prisoner General

1944:(1936–1939) interfered with Stalin's long-term plans for 612: 11043:

Györkei, Jenõ; Kirov, Alexandr; Horvath, Miklos (1999).

9219:

Györkei, Jenõ; Kirov, Alexandr; Horvath, Miklos (1999).

9097:

Györkei, Jenõ; Kirov, Alexandr; Horvath, Miklos (1999).

8313:

The Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact

7365:. Polit.ru (30 October 2006). Retrieved 28 October 2016. 6931:"Chapter II. C (The First Shots), paras. 56–57 (p. 20.)" 6173: 6171: 5609:, the Oxford English Dictionary distinguishes between a 1940:, for being "Western agents" whose participation in the 11211:

Twelve Days: The Story of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution

11068:. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana. 8731:

Richard Lettis and William I. Morris, Eds., Appendices

8043:

Szakolczai, Attila. Pál, Germuska; Zoltán, Lux (eds.).

6363:. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana. 5729:"The 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A History in Documents" 4701:, a stirring proclamation to the nation and the world. 2982:

Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance

2972:

of the internal politics of the Warsaw Pact countries.

2915:

and orders from Moscow. Hence, the reformist communist

10554: 8578:"Solidarność polsko-węgierska '56 – Norbert Wójtowicz" 7577:

Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe 1944–1956

5501:

Significant events of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956

5264:

of the party and from outside of the party during the

5178:, and many others influential in the Communist Party. 4872:

from the 1956 Hungarian Revolution had been released.

4165:

The Soviet repression of the Hungarian Revolution saw

900:

Consequently, Hungarians organized into revolutionary

17685:

Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Europe

13337:

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

12828:

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

11789: 11697:

Multi award-winning animated documentary produced by

10325:

United Nations General Assembly, Thirteenth Session:

9950:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents

9924:, p. L. Central European University Press: Budapest. 9920:

Békés, Csaba, Malcolm Byrne, János M. Rainer (2002).

9887:

The 1956 Hungarian revolution: a history in documents

9758:. Leipzig: Leipziger Universitätsverlag. p. 16. 9687:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A History in Documents

9664:(Budapest, 6 January 1957), Retrieved 7 December 2008 9513: 9511: 9188: 9186: 9121: 8998:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents

8863:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents

8789:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents

8760:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents

8433:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents

8365:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents

7748:. Libcom.org (19 July 2011). Retrieved on 2016-10-28. 6666:

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents

6168: 4949:

During the November 1956 Soviet assault on Budapest,

4237:

by which the USSR protected themselves from invasion.

2738:

De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania

864:

The Hungarian Revolution began on 23 October 1956 in

225:(clashes with Soviets in the Hungarian border region) 10342:. Volume 1. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995. p. 20. 9608:

Péter Gosztonyi, "Az 1956-os forradalom számokban",

9245:"Soviet army uniform, Budapest 1956 | Русский Париж" 7456:

1–5 (volumes after 2 variously titled, including 5:

5389: 4071:("Petőfi Party"), reappeared to join the coalition. 3815: 10793:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2003. Archived from 10456:

Hungary: New Film Revisits 1956 Water-Polo Showdown

10207:United Nations Secretary-General (5 January 1957). 8481:

Ungernrevolten 1956: Tolv dagar som skakade världen

8122:

Ungernrevolten 1956: Tolv dagar som skakade världen

8109:

Ungernrevolten 1956: Tolv dagar som skakade världen

7450:

Ellenforradalmi erők a magyar októberi eseményekben

6905:"Chapter II. C (The First Shots), para. 56 (p. 20)" 6894: 6892: 6833: 6831: 5646: 3711:

Sixteen Political, Economic, and Ideological Points

884:. A delegation of students entered the building of 872:appealed to the civil populace to join them at the 11631:is available for free viewing and download at the 11618:is available for free viewing and download at the 11605:is available for free viewing and download at the 11520:"The Hungarian Revolution-Uprising, Budapest 1956" 11392:. Central European University Press. p. 600. 11239:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 11158:The Hungarian Revolt: 23 October – 4 November 1956 11156:Morris, William E. (2001). Lettis, Richard (ed.). 9889:. Central European University Press. p. 364. 9508: 9183: 8543:"Yugoslav Diplomat who Defied Soviet Leaders Dies" 6455:"Stalin and Rákosi, Stalin and Hungary, 1949–1953" 6409:"Chapter IX (Soviet Russia and Hungary's Economy)" 6290:Bognár, Sándor; Iván Pető; Sándor Szakács (1985). 6209:Marshall J. Breger, Herbert R. Reginbogin (2022). 5210:In France, moderate communists, such as historian 5009:In January 1957, United Nations Secretary-General 4501:1 November newsreel about the situation in Hungary 4385:caused by Britain and France seizing the Egyptian 3935:Protesters kicking the body of a slain AVH soldier 3008:. In October, the Polish government appointed the 1070:The Carpathian Basin before the Hungarian conquest 10869:"Hungary a Model for Iraq, Bush Says in Budapest" 10583:Antonio Giolitti and party boss Palmiro Togliatti 10340:Biographical dictionary of European labor leaders 9881:Csaba Békés; Malcolm Byrne; János Rainer (2002). 9753: 9620: 9618: 8782:"Minutes of the 290th NSC Meeting (12 July 1956)" 8689: 8687: 8685: 8163: 8161: 8140:"Decision in the Kremlin, 1956 – The Malin Notes" 6804:. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company. pp. 9–84. 6336:Armistice Agreement with Hungary; 20 January 1945 6096:, p. 317. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. 6029:Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century–and After 3861:. In a national radio broadcast, PM Nagy asked a 17646: 16179:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States 13352:Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944) 12843:Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944) 12173:List of battles involving the Russian Federation 11751: 11536:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 11387: 11261:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press 10957:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 10443:Melbourne/Stockholm 1956 (All facts) Olympic.org 9852:"The resettlement of Hungarian refugees in 1956" 9368:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 9264: 9262: 8567:Texas A & M University Press, 2004 (p. 103). 8385:Cold War International History Project (CWIHP), 8251:Cold War International History Project (CWIHP), 7725:Hungary: workers' councils against Russian tanks 7686:"Video: Report on the 1956 Hungarian Revolution" 7223:Cold War International History Project (CWIHP), 6889: 6828: 5248:were particularly supportive of the revolution. 5096:in 1957, citing the presence of a team from the 4970:editorial committee. In an interview he gave to 2020:; the victims included the communist politician 86:23 October – 4 November 1956 14616:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972 14023:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences 13471:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts 13386:Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953) 12962:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts 12877:Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953) 11193:Schmidl, Erwin A. & Ritter, László. (2006) 11028:. Texas A&M University Press. p. 323. 10209:Report of the Secretary-General Document A/3485 9810: 9808: 7834: 7204: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7192: 7190: 6612:Berichte aus Budapest: Der Ungarn Aufstand 1956 6452: 3707:Budapest University of Technology and Economics 1894:Budapest University of Technology and Economics 1857:merged with the Communist Party and became the 1840: 914: 10825:. Texas A&M University Press. p. 85. 9656: 9654: 9615: 8682: 8158: 6506:"On the Personality Cult and its Consequences" 6308: 6233: 6070: 6068: 6023: 6021: 5827: 5825: 5232:, criticising the West's lack of action. Even 4992:The Secretary-General of NATO Paul-Henri Spaak 4411:United Nations Security Council Resolution 120 2105:In the Eastern bloc, Hungarian Prime Minister 140: 74:23 June – 11 November 1956 17695:Cold War military history of the Soviet Union 16784: 16339: 13512: 13325:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940) 13126: 12816:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940) 12017: 11775: 11045:Soviet Military Intervention in Hungary, 1956 10480: 10062: 10060: 9259: 9221:Soviet Military Intervention in Hungary, 1956 9099:Soviet Military Intervention in Hungary, 1956 6685: 6683: 5649:Soviet Military Intervention in Hungary, 1956 4653:Corvin Cinema after the end of the revolution 4422:Hungary, Resistance Activities and Potentials 3666: 2926:Despite not being prime minister of Hungary, 2875: 1780: 16255:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 13806:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council 11736:1956 Hungarian Memorial Oral History Project 11284: 10694:monograph series. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 10354:. Gravsted.dk. Retrieved on 28 October 2016. 9805: 9778: 8888:CNN: Géza Jeszenszky, Hungarian Ambassador, 8809: 8729:Hungarian Revolt, 23 October–4 November 1956 8552:, Radio Free Europe Research, 5 August 1982. 7828: 7187: 6732:. p. 145, para 441. Retrieved 11 April 2007. 6653: 6651: 6649: 6530:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5833:"History of Hungary: War and renewed defeat" 5647:Györkei, J.; Kirov, A.; Horvath, M. (1999). 4369:On 24 October 1956, U.S. Secretary of State 4348: 4078:A crowd cheers Hungarian troops in Budapest. 2966:On the Personality Cult and its Consequences 2945:On the Personality Cult and its Consequences 2016:or were killed, either summarily or after a 1916:state headed by the Communist government of 1811:produced a coalition government composed of 15116:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 13278:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930) 13273:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929) 12769:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930) 12764:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929) 11546:Institute of Revolutionary History, Hungary 11126:Explosion: The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 10629:L'intellectuel et les communistes français 10301:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 10287:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 10260:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 10234:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9998:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9972:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9651: 9571:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9545:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9519:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9490:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9464:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9438:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9337:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9311:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9285:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9194:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9072:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9046:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 9020:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 8924:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 8662: 8400:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 8258: 7810:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7784:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7656:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7547:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7496:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7376:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7363:Олег Филимонов: Мифы о восстании – ПОЛИТ.РУ 7312:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7286:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7238:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7169:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7118:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7064:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7038:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 7009:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 6983:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 6926:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 6900:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 6839:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 6628:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 6546:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 6112: 6088: 6086: 6065: 6018: 6000:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 5974:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 5948:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 5922:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 5916: 5914: 5912: 5822: 5673:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 5613:, which deposes a government, and an armed 5537:Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary 5496:Romanian anti-communist resistance movement 5271: 2935:', and refused to resign as PM of Hungary. 1835:After the election in 1945, control of the 16791: 16777: 16346: 16332: 16219:United States involvement in regime change 13774:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine 13519: 13505: 13133: 13119: 12085:Military history of the Russian Federation 12024: 12010: 11782: 11768: 11471: 11466:On Communism: In Defense of the New Course 11269:. Books for Libraries Press. p. 380. 10602: 10057: 10022:International Committee of the Red Cross: 9935: 9814: 8733:The Hungary Question in the United Nations 8418: 8319: 8288: 8268:, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2005, 7980: 7978: 7961:. Stanford University Press. p. 177. 7474:. Stanford University Press. p. 173. 7147:. Stanford University Press. p. 159. 6955:. Stanford University Press. p. 160. 6689: 6680: 6441:Economic Policy and Performance, 1945–1985 6190: 6188: 5040:The chairman of the Special Committee was 4558:five Soviet divisions stationed in Hungary 3869:At the offices of the communist newspaper 3673: 3659: 3028: 2975: 2882: 2868: 1823:. Nonetheless, on behalf of the USSR, the 1787: 1773: 12335:Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689) 11639: 11525: 11207: 11023: 10954:Democracy, Revolution, Self-Determination 9787:IX. International Oral History Conference 9365:Democracy, Revolution, Self-Determination 9153: 9151: 8912:. National Security Archive. 10 May 2017. 8602: 8325: 8279: 7574: 7225:KGB Chief Serov's report, 29 October 1956 6793: 6791: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6646: 6483:. Stanford University Press. p. 64. 6213:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 127. 6145:. Stanford University Press. p. 49. 6136: 6134: 5805: 5665: 5460:List of conflicts related to the Cold War 5455:Foreign interventions by the Soviet Union 4337:. Other such initiatives were prevented. 1948:. Among the Stalinist governments of the 1861:, whose candidate stood unopposed in the 193: 156: 16490:Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 11160:(Reprint ed.). Simon Publications. 11131: 10507: 10487: 9883:"Hungary in the Aftermath, Introduction" 9640:Retrieved 2007-10-8 Hungarian-history.hu 9400:[Declaration, 4 November 1956]. 7415:. CBS. HU OSA 306–0–1:40. Archived from 6083: 5909: 5607:(U.S. State Dept. background on Hungary) 5275: 5092:declined an invitation to the inaugural 5052:named the Hungarian Freedom Fighter its 4997: 4849: 4730: 4711:("Russians go home!") slogan in Budapest 4703: 4648: 4625: 4536: 4489: 4352: 4303: 4274:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 4172: 4160: 4073: 4063:. Banned political parties, such as the 4013: 3930: 3847: 3839: 3831: 3779: 2100: 2063:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1963:addresses an audience in Budapest, 1948. 1954: 1928:) to purge 7,000 politically dissident " 1849:and false accusations, imprisonment and 897:) fatally shot several of the students. 14345:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia) 12296:Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747) 12166:List of wars involving the Soviet Union 11554:Videos of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution 11141:(reissue ed.). New York: Fawcett. 11086: 11061: 10530:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" 10468:Szabadság, szerelem (Children of Glory) 10176: 9268: 9122:Schmidl, Erwin; Ritter, László (2006). 9064: 8884: 8882: 8880: 8126:Khrushchev and the first Russian Spring 7975: 7918: 7208: 6710: 6583: 6572:Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA 6406: 6354: 6334:The Avalon Project at Yale Law School: 6316:Transformation of the Hungarian economy 6185: 5881: 5856: 5787: 5704:"This Day in History: November 4, 1956" 5574:Alternate names for the revolution are 5543:(p. 56). Soviet archives (available in 5201:, correspondent for the CPGB newspaper 4778: 4530:, Chief of the Soviet Security Police ( 3741:, the president of the Writers' Union ( 3033: 2096: 1994: 553: 14: 17647: 16594:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 16189:Russian espionage in the United States 14461:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 13426:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 13357:Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 13216:Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920) 13194:Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919 12917:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 12848:Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 12707:Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920) 12685:Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919 12399:Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739) 12075:Military history of the Russian Empire 11946:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 11742:From the noon bell to the lads of Pest 11540:Cold War International History Project 11292:Comparative Hungarian Cultural Studies 11264: 11155: 11105: 10975: 10642: 10640: 9779:Molnár, Adrienne; et al. (1996). 9148: 8310: 8186: 8137: 8042: 7901:"When the Soviet Union nearly blinked" 7880:Cold War International History Project 7844:Cold War International History Project 7520: 6797: 6782: 6271: 6131: 6106: 6074: 5598:. Linguistically, whereas the English 4280:) who persuaded Khrushchev to install 4100:councils was not always bloodless; in 4043:establish a national guard for Hungary 2057:(US$ 300 million) to the USSR, to the 1008:(12 March 1944) to establish the Nazi 16772: 16560:1949 East German State Railway strike 16532:World Federation of Democratic Youth 16327: 16184:Soviet espionage in the United States 14340:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 14119:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution 13784:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 13500: 13114: 13067:Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020) 12445:Russian colonization of North America 12005: 11763: 11750: 11615:Hungarian Revolution Aftermath (1956) 11232: 11174: 10818: 10528:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 9747: 9599:, Vol. 33, No. 2, April 1998, p. 210. 9355: 9157: 9126:The Hungarian Revolution 1956 (Elite) 8693: 8144:Paper presented at Rutgers University 7938: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7772: 7570: 7568: 5788:Niessen, James P. (11 October 2016). 5166:, chief of the communist trade union 4752:government. Among the liberated were 4715:At 06:00, 4 November, in the town of 4123: 3728: 3004:against the economic policies of the 1865:. Afterwards, on 20 August 1949, the 1863:1949 Hungarian parliamentary election 1809:1945 Hungarian parliamentary election 16798: 16431:Soviet response to the Marshall Plan 16260:Soviet Union–United States relations 14611:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China 12080:Military history of the Soviet Union 11713:Drama film on the life of Imre Nagy. 11569:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 Archive 11532:1956 Hungarian Revolution Collection 11000: 10950: 10679: 10363:United Nations Yearbook. 1957. p. 63 9361: 8877: 8649:Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej 8609:Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej 8220: 8138:Rainer, János M. (1 November 1996). 7956: 7579:. New York: Doubleday. p. 459. 7469: 7336: 7142: 6950: 6584:Halsall, Paul, ed. (November 1998). 6478: 6387:Magyar Nemzeti Bank – English Site: 6211:The Vatican and Permanent Neutrality 6140: 5884:"Chapter VIII (Hungary, a Republic)" 4926:'s widow, Júlia, took refuge in the 4564:under command of Lieutenant General 4439:According to A. Ross Johnson in the 4373:(r. 1953–1959) recommended that the 3985:communist newspaper. At the town of 3947:assumed government power and called 2417:World Federation of Democratic Youth 1903: 1019: 16224:Soviet involvement in regime change 13330:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 12821:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 11459:Hungarian Workers' Councils in 1956 10812: 10685: 10637: 10108: 9862:from the original on 5 January 2024 9849: 9628:. Princeton University Press. 1964. 9469:"Chapter VIII.B, para 596 (p. 185)" 9199:"Chapter V.C, para 196 (pp. 60–61)" 8929:"Chapter VIII.D, para 336 (p. 103)" 7984: 7069:"Chapter II.N, para 89(ix) (p. 31)" 5979:"Chapter II.N, para 89(xi) (p. 31)" 4984:had come to a stalemate in Europe. 4398:." Despite earlier demands for the 2894: 2047:disposable and discretionary income 2035: 947: 24: 16653:Sovietization of the Baltic states 16265:Soviet Union–United States summits 13739:1947 Polish parliamentary election 13624:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 13376:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 12867:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 12233:1993 Russian constitutional crisis 11374: 11179:. London: UCL SSEES. p. 361. 10943: 10718: 10646: 10553:. 14 February 2015. Archived from 10154:. 24 December 1956. Archived from 9815:Cseresnyés, Ferenc (Summer 1999). 9754:Fink, Carole; et al. (2006). 9726: 8969:"Andropov Report, 1 November 1956" 8810:Ross Johnson, A. (December 2018). 8124:(2006), p. 286. (Cites Burlatsky, 7769: 7628: 7565: 7330: 7317:"Chapter XII.B, para 565 (p. 174)" 7264:1956 Counter-Revolution in Hungary 6723: 6590:Internet Modern History Sourcebook 6453:János M. Rainer (4 October 1997). 5953:"Chapter IX D, para. 426 (p. 133)" 5861:. US: Penguin Books. p. 506. 4674:, and in the industrial centre of 4485: 4470:In 1998, the Hungarian ambassador 4299: 4037:negotiate with the revolutionaries 3857:became prime minister in place of 2491:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 25: 17796: 16524:World Federation of Trade Unions 15026:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 14961:United States invasion of Grenada 14231:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence 14172:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania 13241:Red Army intervention in Mongolia 12732:Red Army intervention in Mongolia 11717: 11512: 11461:(East European Monographs, 1990). 11346:Heller, Ágnes, and Ferenc Fehér. 10763:The Cultural Landscape Foundation 10180:Simpson's Contemporary Quotations 10086:. 11 October 1971. Archived from 9443:"Chapter VII.E, para 296 (p. 90)" 7734:Issue: 112 (Posted: 12 October 6) 6743:The First Hours of the Revolution 5678:"Chapter V, footnote 8" 5188:President of the Italian Republic 4988:Heinrich von Brentano di Tremezzo 4478:(1950–1953). Moreover, the study 4212:workers' uprising in East Germany 4132:and the Hungarian Revolt. Led by 4009: 3816:Deposing the communist government 1855:Hungarian Social Democratic Party 1425:Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen 62:cut out as a revolutionary symbol 16741:January 1991 events in Lithuania 16399:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina 16353: 15101:United States invasion of Panama 14951:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War 14591:1971 Turkish military memorandum 14554:Communist insurgency in Thailand 14524:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 14456:Communist insurgency in Malaysia 14283:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 14211:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 13729:Restatement of Policy on Germany 13295:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 12786:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 12579:Russian conquest of Central Asia 12515:Russian conquest of the Caucasus 12311:Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618) 12253:Insurgency in the North Caucasus 11661: 11428:(Nottingham: Astra Press, 1995). 11416: 10913: 10887: 10861: 10839: 10776: 10751: 10712: 10621: 10596: 10569: 10543: 10461: 10448: 10436: 10417: 10398: 10389:. 7 January 1957. Archived from 10375: 10366: 10357: 10345: 10332: 10319: 10293: 10278: 10252: 10226: 10200: 10170: 10140: 10127: 10102: 10072: 10036: 10016: 9990: 9964: 9914: 9874: 9843: 9772: 9720: 9704: 9680: 9667: 9631: 9602: 9589: 9563: 9537: 9482: 9456: 9430: 9398:"Nyilatkozat, 1956. November 4." 9392: 9386: 9329: 9303: 9277: 9237: 9212: 9115: 9090: 9038: 9012: 8983: 8961: 8942: 8916: 8902: 8848: 8803: 8774: 8745: 8722: 8656: 8640: 8615: 8596: 8570: 8555: 8535: 8515: 8494: 8473: 8460: 8447: 8392: 8379: 8353: 8304: 8245: 8221:Auer, Stefan (25 October 2006). 8214: 8180: 8131: 8114: 8101: 8081: 8036: 7243:"Chapter IV.C, para 167 (p. 53)" 7123:"Chapter X.I, para 482 (p. 153)" 7014:"Chapter IV.C, para 225 (p. 71)" 6698:from the original on 12 May 2013 6272:Burant, Stephen R., ed. (1990). 5406: 5392: 5195:Communist Party of Great Britain 4978: 3642: 3057: 2412:World Federation of Trade Unions 2125: 1859:Hungarian Working People's Party 1756: 1048: 960:(1920–1946) was a member of the 911:Hungarian Working People's Party 780: 772: 763: 754: 744: 735: 725: 712: 701: 659: 649: 639: 626: 616: 606: 596: 574: 562: 542: 533: 523: 511: 499: 487: 479: 469: 461: 451: 443: 431: 413: 401: 387: 375: 363: 351: 337: 325: 313: 301: 289: 277: 265: 253: 239: 217: 195: 183: 171: 158: 142: 48: 17775:Wars involving the Soviet Union 17670:1956 in international relations 16465:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic 15821:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 15202:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 15131:Fall of the inner German border 15031:1988 Black Sea bumping incident 14681:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 14671:Spanish transition to democracy 14631:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency 14258:Communist insurgency in Sarawak 13764:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 13645:Occupation of the Baltic states 13226:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan 13167:1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine 13072:Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022) 12717:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan 12658:1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine 11350:(George Allen and Unwin, 1983). 11317:Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 11214:. New York: Pantheon. pp. 9597:Journal of Contemporary History 9550:"Chapter V.C, para 198 (p. 61)" 9524:"Chapter V.C, para 197 (p. 61)" 9051:"Chapter II.I, para 76 (p. 26)" 9025:"Chapter II.I, para 75 (p. 25)" 8502:Khrushchev: The Man and His Era 8196:. New York: Harcourt. pp. 8022:Khrushchev: The Man and His Era 8013: 7950: 7906: 7894: 7865: 7802: 7751: 7737: 7717: 7674: 7648: 7593: 7539: 7514: 7488: 7463: 7443: 7394: 7368: 7356: 7304: 7291:"Chapter II.F, para 65 (p. 22)" 7278: 7269: 7266:(1986) Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 116. 7256: 7230: 7217: 7174:"Chapter II.F, para 64 (p. 22)" 7161: 7136: 7082: 7056: 7043:"Chapter II.C, para 57 (p. 20)" 7001: 6988:"Chapter II.C, para 58 (p. 20)" 6975: 6944: 6918: 6857: 6757: 6735: 6690:Machcewicz, Paweł (June 2006). 6620: 6604: 6577: 6564: 6538: 6497: 6472: 6446: 6400: 6381: 6348: 6328: 6283: 6265: 6227: 6202: 6042: 5992: 5966: 5940: 5875: 5850: 5781: 5760: 5582:; the first term used the word 4375:United Nations Security Council 4154:then adopted and published the 4040:disband the ÁVH security police 2911:– within the structures of the 2059:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic 849:, was an attempted countrywide 837:(23 October – 4 November 1956; 665:Pro-Revolution elements of the 17740:November 1956 events in Europe 17725:Hungary–Soviet Union relations 17690:Civil wars of the 20th century 14601:Four Power Agreement on Berlin 14236:Mozambican War of Independence 13675:Indonesian National Revolution 13263:Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926) 13141:Armed conflicts involving the 12754:Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926) 12404:War of the Austrian Succession 11195:The Hungarian Revolution, 1956 10696:Harvard University Asia Center 10395:. Retrieved 21 September 2008. 10046:, p. 10. Index Books: London. 10024:ICRC action in Hungary in 1956 9273:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP. 8584:(in Polish). 14 September 2007 7835:Mastny, Vojtech (March 2002). 7759:1956: The Hungarian Revolution 7213:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP. 6873:. 23 July 1965. Archived from 5747: 5721: 5696: 5687: 5640: 5631: 5617:, which might fail or succeed. 5568: 5529: 5111:, with the nearly 22 year-old 4657:Between 4 and 9 November, the 3761:; Hungarian membership to the 2899:On 5 March 1953, the death of 2045:of Hungary, which reduced the 853:against the government of the 13: 1: 17745:October 1956 events in Europe 17730:Invasions by the Soviet Union 16746:January 1991 events in Latvia 16736:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 16485:Socialist Republic of Romania 16460:People's Republic of Bulgaria 16452:People's Republic of Albania 16421:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 16199:CIA and the Cultural Cold War 15214:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 15167:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident 14889:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 14854:Seven Days to the River Rhine 14586:Corrective Revolution (Egypt) 13873:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état 13801:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 13364:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 12977:South Ossetia war (1991–1992) 12855:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 12606:Russian invasion of Manchuria 12596:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) 12542:Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) 12537:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) 12480:Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) 12470:Russo-Persian War (1804–1813) 12435:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790) 12430:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) 12420:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) 12410:Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743) 12388:Russo-Persian War (1722–1723) 12383:Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711) 12360:Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700) 12355:Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681) 12330:Russo-Persian War (1651–1653) 12306:Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595) 12301:Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570) 12286:Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557) 12161:List of wars involving Russia 12156:Sino-Russian border conflicts 11838:Rákóczi's War of Independence 11454:(Frederick A. Praeger, 1957). 11299:Hungary 1956 – forty Years On 11091:. Princeton UP. p. 254. 10982:. Macmillan Pub Co. pp. 9130:. Osprey Publishing. p. 8892:. Retrieved 8 November 1998. 8834:10.1080/08850607.2018.1488498 8742:. Retrieved 3 September 2006. 8299:Ofiary "Poznańskiego Czerwca" 8046:Lesson 3: The Days of Freedom 7997:(Summer 2007). Archived from 7525:. Books for Libraries Press. 7341:. Stanford University Press. 6031:, p. 295. Routledge: London. 5624: 5602:corresponds to the Hungarian 5341:, and Russia, represented by 4902:established refugee camps in 4666:), in and around the city of 2854:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 1896:had reestablished the MEFESZ 1365:Rákóczi's War of Independence 1330:Principality of Upper Hungary 1130:Hungarian invasions of Europe 942: 874:Hungarian Parliament Building 17785:Military history of Budapest 17655:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 16859:Principality of Transylvania 16731:Collapse of the Soviet Union 16721:Fall of communism in Albania 15192:Fall of communism in Albania 15162:Mongolian Revolution of 1990 15111:Polish Round Table Agreement 14451:1968 Polish political crisis 14268:Eritrean War of Independence 14034:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 13929:East German uprising of 1953 13861:Chinese Communist Revolution 13526: 13441:Eritrean War of Independence 13411:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 13406:East German uprising of 1953 13347:Eastern Front (World War II) 13236:Red Army invasion of Georgia 13231:Red Army invasion of Armenia 13199:Estonian War of Independence 12932:Eritrean War of Independence 12902:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 12897:East German uprising of 1953 12838:Eastern Front (World War II) 12727:Red Army invasion of Georgia 12722:Red Army invasion of Armenia 12690:Estonian War of Independence 12631:Russian occupation of Tabriz 12552:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 12510:War of the Seventh Coalition 12393:War of the Polish Succession 12340:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) 11752:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 11602:Big Picture: Operation Mercy 11518:Ürményházi, Attila J.(2006) 11472:Napolitano, Giorgio (2005). 11197:; Osprey Elite series #148. 11124:Matthews, John P.C. (2007). 11062:Kertesz, Stephen D. (1953). 10603:Napolitano, Giorgio (2005). 10551:"1957 | The Rovereta Affair" 10522:American Antiquarian Society 10502:American Antiquarian Society 10458:. Retrieved 13 October 2006. 10290:. Retrieved 14 October 2006. 10033:. Retrieved 7 December 2008. 9712:Report on Hungarian Refugees 9710:Casardi, A. (17 April 1957) 8177:. Retrieved 6 December 2008. 7684:, BBC correspondent (1956). 6720:. Retrieved 22 October 2006. 6407:Kertesz, Stephen D. (1953). 6355:Kertesz, Stephen D. (1953). 6117:. Grove Press. p. 222. 5882:Kertesz, Stephen D. (1953). 5753:"Hungarian Revolt of 1956", 5596:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 5491:Proletarian internationalism 5475:1956 Georgian demonstrations 5450:East German uprising of 1953 5326:, 23 October was declared a 5292:In the north-west corner of 5214:, resigned, questioning the 4845: 4664:Battle of the Corvin Passage 4623:armored personnel carriers. 4570:Carpathian Military District 4451:George Washington University 4189:On 30 October, at Budapest, 4000: 3749:political system based upon 3723:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 3018:Polish United Workers' Party 2942:of the USSR with the speech 2849:Fall of communism in Albania 2804:Polish Round Table Agreement 2759:Cuban intervention in Angola 1375:Principality of Transylvania 1300:Principality of Transylvania 1010:Government of National Unity 835:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 119:Soviet invasion and victory 35:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 7: 17760:Soviet military occupations 17720:Hungarian People's Republic 16894:Interwar Kingdom of Hungary 16706:End of communism in Hungary 16475:Hungarian People's Republic 15066:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 14794:Korean Air Lines Flight 902 14539:Corrective Movement (Syria) 14503:New People's Army rebellion 14498:Sino-Soviet border conflict 14226:Angolan War of Independence 14089:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 13969:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 13614:Jamaican political conflict 13431:Sino-Soviet border conflict 13300:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang 13268:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929) 13204:Latvian War of Independence 12972:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993) 12922:Sino-Soviet border conflict 12791:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang 12759:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929) 12695:Latvian War of Independence 12584:Russian conquest of Bukhara 12475:War of the Fourth Coalition 12460:War of the Second Coalition 11628:Hungarian Revolution (1956) 11438:. Harper Perennial (2006). 11338:Revue européenne d'histoire 11024:Granville, Johanna (2004). 10819:James, Beverly Ann (2005). 10433:Retrieved 22 September 2008 10285:UN General Assembly (1957) 10080:"End of a Private Cold War" 9817:"The '56 Exodus to Austria" 9612:(Budapest), 3 November 1990 8696:Journal of Cold War Studies 8663:Csaba Békés (Spring 2000). 8603:Wójtowicz, Norbert (2006). 8468:The Cold War: A New History 7903:, BBC News, 23 October 2006 7636:Political parties of Europe 6443:. Retrieved 27 August 2006. 6345:. Retrieved 27 August 2006. 5592:Forradalom és szabadságharc 5385: 5282:Embassy of Serbia, Budapest 5229:The Blood of the Hungarians 5056:for 1956. The accompanying 4456:Journal of Cold War Studies 4220:workers' protests at Poznań 3823:Hungarian People's Republic 3798:Stalin Monument in Budapest 3721:who also was a hero of the 3002:workers' uprising at Poznań 2237:Allied and satellite states 2073:consequent to the post-war 1910:Hungarian People's Republic 1867:Hungarian People's Republic 1580:Hungarian People's Republic 1515:Governorate of Subcarpathia 1455:Hungarian People's Republic 1185:Personal union with Croatia 855:Hungarian People's Republic 734:(dissidents, to 31 October) 10: 17801: 16470:German Democratic Republic 15262:Sino-Indian border dispute 15091:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 15021:1987–1989 JVP insurrection 14779:1976 Argentine coup d'état 14691:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 14641:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état 14325:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 14293:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 13982:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 13749:Asian Relations Conference 13476:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 12967:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 12505:War of the Sixth Coalition 12495:War of the Fifth Coalition 12465:War of the Third Coalition 12070:Military history of Russia 12032:Armed conflicts involving 11934:Hungarian–Czechoslovak War 11843:Peasants' Revolt (1735-36) 11424:Haraszti-Taylor, Eva, ed. 11406:Granville, Johanna (1999) 11334:European Review of History 11208:Sebestyen, Victor (2006). 10979:Cry Hungary: Uprising 1956 10692:Harvard-Yenching Institute 10627:Sartre, Jean-Paul (1956), 9789:. Gotegorg. Archived from 8890:Cold War Chat (transcript) 8708:10.1162/152039799316976814 8193:Origins of Totalitarianism 7638:, Greenwood Press, p. 508 6741:Hungarian-language video: 5794:Hungarian Cultural Studies 5506:"Blood in the Water" match 4858: 4216:German Democratic Republic 4061:Cardinal József Mindszenty 3891:, as well as KGB Chairman 3016:as First Secretary of the 2964:, to broadcast the speech 1938:Communist Party of Hungary 1926:State Protection Authority 1837:State Protection Authority 1205:Mongol invasion of Hungary 895:State Protection Authority 710:(loyalists, to 28 October) 18:Soviet invasion of Hungary 17780:Labor disputes in Hungary 17680:Anti-communism in Hungary 17600: 17437: 17356:Universities and colleges 17330: 17321: 17227: 17218: 17104: 17095: 17010: 17001: 16927: 16819: 16810: 16681: 16658:Information dissemination 16635: 16585:1956 Hungarian Revolution 16575:1953 East German uprising 16543: 16501: 16444: 16381: 16361: 16298: 16247: 16169: 16146:William Appleman Williams 16091:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 15873: 15845: 15794: 15726: 15719: 15653: 15518: 15443: 15373: 15366: 15275: 15222: 15154: 14867: 14606:Bangladesh Liberation War 14596:1971 Sudanese coup d'état 14511: 14483:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 14471:1968 Peruvian coup d'état 14134: 13909:Arab Cold War (1952–1979) 13886: 13596: 13534: 13315:Soviet invasion of Poland 13149: 13080: 13015: 12806:Soviet invasion of Poland 12616: 12500:French invasion of Russia 12368: 12266: 12185: 12111:Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars 12103: 12060: 12053: 11975: 11955: 11907: 11877: 11856: 11827: 11820: 11801: 11757: 11656:National Security Archive 11285:Historiography and memory 11007:Stanford University Press 10445:Retrieved 29 August 2010. 9626:Soviet Foreign Propaganda 8954:24 September 2015 at the 8332:. PM Press. p. 165. 7764:15. The Workers' Councils 6321:17 September 2007 at the 6163:Törvénytelen szocializmus 6092:Tőkés, Rudolf L. (1998). 5733:National Security Archive 5355:On 13 February 2006, the 4877:Hungarian Communist Party 4818:Hungarian patriots under 4447:National Security Archive 4349:International perspective 3719:Gen. Józef Zachariasz Bem 3010:politically rehabilitated 2980:On 14 May 1955, with the 2774:1984 Los Angeles Olympics 1959:Stalin's man in Hungary: 1825:Hungarian Communist Party 1570:Second Hungarian Republic 1465:Hungarian Soviet Republic 1415:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy 1270:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom 984:participated in the Nazi 935:refuge abroad, mostly to 919:). The new government of 826: 792: 778:Democratic People's Party 694: 672: 632:Loyalist elements of the 589: 229: 190:Hungarian revolutionaries 133: 66: 47: 39: 34: 17675:20th-century revolutions 17335:Anti-Hungarian sentiment 17015:Administrative divisions 16643:Emigration and defection 16480:Polish People's Republic 14921:1980 Turkish coup d'état 14756:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 14726:1978 Somali coup attempt 14686:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 14651:1973 Chilean coup d'état 14476:Revolutionary Government 14370:South African Border War 14162:1960 Turkish coup d'état 14079:Iraqi 14 July Revolution 13934:1953 Iranian coup d'état 13914:1952 Egyptian revolution 13456:South African Border War 13381:Guerrilla war in Ukraine 13283:Chechen uprising of 1932 12947:South African Border War 12872:Guerrilla war in Ukraine 12774:Chechen uprising of 1932 12455:Russo-Persian War (1796) 11847:Uprising in West Hungary 11357:58.8 (2006): 1209–1240. 11340:. 15.5 (2008): 519–531. 11265:Zinner, Paul E. (1962). 11257:Watry, David M. (2014). 11110:. Longman. p. 221. 10759:"Hungarian Freedom Park" 10727:Harvard University Press 10655:Harvard University Press 10214:(Report). United Nations 10029:20 February 2009 at the 8548:13 December 2007 at the 8266:Pół wieku dziejów Polski 7634:Vincent E McHale (1983) 7575:Applebaum, Anne (2012). 7521:Zinner, Paul E. (1962). 6750:26 February 2008 at the 6692:"1956 – A European Date" 6275:Hungary: a country study 6027:Crampton, R. J. (2003). 5906:Retrieved 8 October 2006 5837:Encyclopaedia Britannica 5549:self-propelled artillery 5535:The UN General Assembly 5522: 5321:Third Hungarian Republic 5272:Commemoration and legacy 5266:Hundred Flowers campaign 5094:Bandy World Championship 5086:blood in the water match 4402:of communism and of the 4065:Independent Smallholders 3715:Hungarian Writers' Union 3006:Polish People's Republic 3000:violently repressed the 2595:Czechoslovakia 1976–1990 1985:the Holocaust in Hungary 1610:Third Hungarian Republic 741:Socialist Workers' Party 718:Socialist Workers' Party 223:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 17243:Hungarian National Bank 16874:Austro-Hungarian Empire 16701:Fall of the Berlin Wall 16627:1981 protests in Kosovo 16565:Rebellion of Cazin 1950 15126:Fall of the Berlin Wall 15071:People Power Revolution 15056:Central American crisis 14996:1986 Black Sea incident 14646:1973 Afghan coup d'état 14544:Western Sahara conflict 14355:1966 Syrian coup d'état 14278:1963 Syrian coup d'état 14221:Portuguese Colonial War 14184:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 13949:1954 Syrian coup d'état 13826:Annexation of Hyderabad 13769:1947–1949 Palestine war 12589:Khivan campaign of 1873 12440:Russo-Polish War (1792) 11476:(in Italian). Laterza. 11329:58.8 (2006): 1199–1208. 11301:(London: F. Cass, 1997) 11106:Litván, György (1996). 10607:(in Italian). Laterza. 10473:17 October 2007 at the 10429:13 January 2012 at the 10177:Simpson, James (1997). 9856:Forced Migration Review 9821:The Hungarian Quarterly 9645:17 October 2007 at the 8738:8 November 2006 at the 8652:(in Polish). IPN. 2006. 8528:3 December 2007 at the 8094:3 December 2007 at the 7991:The Hungarian Quarterly 7931:3 December 2007 at the 7731:International Socialism 6610:German-language video, 6234:Kardos, József (2003). 6075:Litván, György (1996). 6058:17 October 2007 at the 5857:Tihanyi, Gyula (1990). 5558:9 February 2010 at the 5510:1956 Melbourne Olympics 5480:Poznań protests of 1956 5298:Los Angeles, California 5280:Memorial plaque at the 5253:Chinese Communist Party 5212:Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie 5184:Italian Socialist Party 5146:Italian Communist Party 5122:International Red Cross 4645:tank in the background. 4310:Krakowskie Przedmieście 4259:Chinese Communist Party 3106:By other characteristic 3029:Uprising and Revolution 2976:Warsaw Pact established 2839:End of the Soviet Union 2814:Fall of the Berlin Wall 2374: (until 1948) 2349: (until 1977) 2338: (until 1989) 2272: (until 1961) 2251: (until 1961) 2067:Hungarian National Bank 1659:History of Transylvania 1165:Principality of Hungary 760:Social Democratic Party 17770:Wars involving Hungary 17755:Revolutions in Hungary 17399:International rankings 17274:Science and technology 17154:Chief of General Staff 16849:Ottoman–Hungarian wars 15420:Neoclassical economics 14931:Gulf of Sidra incident 14488:1969 Libyan revolution 14179:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 13964:1954 Geneva Conference 13724:Turkish straits crisis 13719:Corfu Channel incident 13246:East Karelian uprising 13062:Western Libya campaign 12737:East Karelian uprising 12258:Wagner Group rebellion 12193:Uprising of Bolotnikov 11986:Hungarian–Romanian War 11672:, a 1958 American film 11640:Other academic sources 11526:Historical collections 11384:(NY: Macmillan, 1957). 11367:21.4 (2019): 379–393. 11319:65.3 (2016): 237–254. 11175:Péter, László (2008). 11128:New York: Hippocrene, 11087:Lendvai, Paul (2008). 11001:Gati, Charles (2006). 10791:Fact Sheets on Hungary 9624:Barghoorn, Frederick. 9403:Válogatott tanulmányok 9269:Lindvai, Paul (2008). 8173:2 January 2009 at the 7957:Gati, Charles (2006). 7470:Gati, Charles (2006). 7337:Gati, Charles (2006). 7209:Lendvai, Paul (2008). 7143:Gati, Charles (2006). 6951:Gati, Charles (2006). 6798:Heller, Andor (1957). 6479:Gati, Charles (2006). 6394:30 August 2006 at the 6141:Gati, Charles (2006). 5755:The Dictionary of Wars 5465:Anti-Rightist Campaign 5423:Avanti ragazzi di Buda 5289: 5216:French Communist Party 5107:'s popular television 5006: 4855: 4736: 4712: 4654: 4646: 4546: 4502: 4366: 4317: 4243:bureaucratic despotism 4178: 4170: 4088:revolutionary councils 4079: 4069:National Peasant Party 4019: 3936: 3926:hu:Tiszakécskei sortűz 3853: 3845: 3837: 3785: 3705:On 22 October, at the 2528:Protests and uprisings 2110: 2029:toiling intelligentsia 1964: 1841: 1815:, headed by President 988:(6 April 1941) and in 986:invasion of Yugoslavia 916:Magyar Dolgozók Pártja 915: 842: 827:3,000 civilians killed 788:Other reformed parties 732:Working People's Party 708:Working People's Party 230:Commanders and leaders 60:communist coat of arms 16844:Late Medieval Kingdom 16839:High Medieval Kingdom 16751:Breakup of Yugoslavia 16270:Russia–NATO relations 16151:Jonathan Reed Winkler 15435:Democratic capitalism 15430:Supply-side economics 15398:American conservatism 15197:Breakup of Yugoslavia 15086:Bougainville conflict 15001:South Yemen civil war 14936:Martial law in Poland 14799:Nicaraguan Revolution 14774:Dirty War (Argentina) 14581:1971 JVP insurrection 14395:Years of Lead (Italy) 14273:North Yemen civil war 14191:Berlin Crisis of 1961 14167:Albanian–Soviet split 14099:1959 Tibetan uprising 14064:Syrian Crisis of 1957 13919:Iraqi Intifada (1952) 13779:1948 Arab–Israeli War 13209:Lithuanian–Soviet War 13057:Intervention in Syria 12992:Tajikistani Civil War 12700:Lithuanian–Soviet War 12641:Battle of Robat Karim 12090:Post-Soviet conflicts 11699:Steven Thomas Fischer 11669:The Beast of Budapest 11267:Revolution in Hungary 10951:Bibó, István (1991). 10148:"How to Help Hungary" 10042:Fryer, Peter (1997). 9362:Bibó, István (1991). 8541:Stankovic, Alobodan. 8264:Paczkowski, Andrzej. 7985:Parsons, Nicholas T. 7523:Revolution in Hungary 6769:The Spectator Archive 5807:10.5195/AHEA.2016.261 5357:U.S. State Department 5279: 5238:Le Fantôme de Staline 5001: 4928:Embassy of Yugoslavia 4853: 4734: 4707: 4698:For Freedom and Truth 4652: 4629: 4566:Hamazasp Babadzhanian 4540: 4500: 4426:psychological warfare 4356: 4307: 4276:and spoke with Tito ( 4176: 4164: 4077: 4017: 3934: 3851: 3843: 3835: 3783: 3408:Bulgarian unification 3084:Counter-revolutionary 2990:Austrian State Treaty 2913:Philosophy of Marxism 2844:Post-Soviet conflicts 2829:Breakup of Yugoslavia 2732:Albanian–Soviet split 2443:Anti-Soviet partisans 2386:Related organizations 2104: 1975:against Hungary, for 1958: 1684:Transylvanian Princes 1535:Revisions of Délvidék 1320:Wesselényi conspiracy 1100:Kingdom of the Gepids 845:), also known as the 793:Casualties and losses 58:(1949–1956) with the 17735:Massacres in Hungary 17705:Communism in Hungary 17588:World Heritage Sites 17460:Palaces and mansions 16824:Hungarian prehistory 16599:1970 Polish protests 16580:1956 Poznań protests 16445:Soviet-allied states 15691:Non-Aligned Movement 15313:Peaceful coexistence 15267:North Borneo dispute 15182:German reunification 15177:Min Ping Yu No. 5202 14875:Salvadoran Civil War 14824:Grand Mosque seizure 14819:Yemenite War of 1979 14711:Mozambican Civil War 14666:Carnation Revolution 14621:Yemenite War of 1972 14559:1970 Polish protests 14390:1967 Hong Kong riots 14365:Argentine Revolution 14315:Guatemalan Civil War 14243:Cuban Missile Crisis 14157:Bay of Pigs Invasion 14029:1956 Poznań protests 14007:Geneva Summit (1955) 13609:Hukbalahap Rebellion 13588:Non-Aligned Movement 13253:Central Asian Revolt 13162:Ukrainian–Soviet War 13040:Annexation of Crimea 12744:Central Asian Revolt 12653:Ukrainian–Soviet War 12525:Russo-Circassian War 12208:Pugachev's Rebellion 12151:Russo-Ukrainian Wars 12095:Russian Armed Forces 12065:Early modern warfare 11940:Slovak-Hungarian War 11457:Lomax, William, ed. 11308:63.1 (2011): 99–128 11082:on 3 September 2007. 10976:Gadney, Reg (1986). 10725:. Cambridge, Mass.: 10719:Wu, Yiching (2014). 10653:. Cambridge, Mass.: 10647:Wu, Yiching (2014). 10587:Giuseppe Di Vittorio 10410:19 July 2011 at the 10299:UN General Assembly 10258:UN General Assembly 10232:UN General Assembly 10183:. Collins. pp. 10158:on 30 September 2007 9996:UN General Assembly 9970:UN General Assembly 9733:www.wilsoncenter.org 9569:UN General Assembly 9543:UN General Assembly 9517:UN General Assembly 9488:UN General Assembly 9462:UN General Assembly 9436:UN General Assembly 9423:Available in English 9335:UN General Assembly 9309:UN General Assembly 9283:UN General Assembly 9192:UN General Assembly 9070:UN General Assembly 9044:UN General Assembly 9018:UN General Assembly 8922:UN General Assembly 8561:Granville, Johanna. 8466:Gaddis, John Lewis. 8398:UN General Assembly 8297:Wójtowicz, Norbert. 7987:"Narratives of 1956" 7808:UN General Assembly 7782:UN General Assembly 7654:UN General Assembly 7602:: Revolt in Hungary 7545:UN General Assembly 7494:UN General Assembly 7419:on 17 November 2007. 7374:UN General Assembly 7310:UN General Assembly 7284:UN General Assembly 7236:UN General Assembly 7167:UN General Assembly 7116:UN General Assembly 7062:UN General Assembly 7036:UN General Assembly 7007:UN General Assembly 6981:UN General Assembly 6924:UN General Assembly 6898:UN General Assembly 6865:"A Hollow Tolerance" 6837:UN General Assembly 6626:UN General Assembly 6592:. Fordham University 6544:UN General Assembly 6429:on 7 September 2007. 6341:9 April 2006 at the 6113:John Lukacs (1994). 6051:: Hungary in Flames 5998:UN General Assembly 5972:UN General Assembly 5946:UN General Assembly 5920:UN General Assembly 5904:on 3 September 2007. 5859:The Second World War 5671:UN General Assembly 5164:Giuseppe Di Vittorio 5074:1956 Summer Olympics 4630:Two disabled Soviet 3877:Hungarian parliament 3747:democratic socialist 3180:Contentious politics 3051:Political revolution 3034:Political discontent 2824:Barricades in Latvia 2769:1980 Moscow Olympics 2749:Cuban Missile Crisis 2097:International events 2014:deported to the USSR 1995:Political repression 1971:in a show trial for 1880:of Hungary with the 1842:Államvédelmi Hatóság 1805:multiparty democracy 1385:Hungarian Reform Era 1065:Hungarian prehistory 1006:Operation Margarethe 990:Operation Barbarossa 982:Royal Hungarian Army 123:Revolution repressed 17750:Protests in Hungary 17700:Cold War rebellions 16716:Romanian revolution 16689:Revolutions of 1989 16570:1953 Plzeň uprising 16136:Alex von Tunzelmann 16126:Vladimir Tismăneanu 16051:Thomas J. McCormick 16046:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 15946:Robert Hugh Ferrell 15809:Crusade for Freedom 15606:Illiberal democracy 15490:Ho Chi Minh Thought 15293:Eisenhower Doctrine 15146:Peaceful Revolution 15141:Romanian Revolution 15121:Revolutions of 1989 15106:1988 Polish strikes 15016:Operation INFEKTION 15011:1987 Lieyu massacre 14916:Eritrean Civil Wars 14899:Peruvian Revolution 14849:1979 Herat uprising 14839:Sino-Vietnamese War 14804:Uganda–Tanzania War 14784:Egyptian–Libyan War 14751:Third Indochina War 14746:Sino-Albanian split 14736:Ethiopian Civil War 14636:Eritrean Civil Wars 14576:Ping-pong diplomacy 14549:Cambodian Civil War 14375:Korean DMZ Conflict 14360:Cultural Revolution 14330:Dominican Civil War 14308:Tlatelolco massacre 14094:1959 Mosul uprising 14084:1958 Lebanon crisis 13811:Al-Wathbah uprising 13734:First Indochina War 13704:Iran crisis of 1946 13396:First Indochina War 13369:Soviet–Japanese War 13305:Xinjiang War (1937) 13174:Kazakhstan Campaign 13100:Sphere of influence 13030:Russo-Ukrainian War 12887:First Indochina War 12860:Soviet–Japanese War 12796:Xinjiang War (1937) 12665:Kazakhstan Campaign 12450:Kościuszko Uprising 12350:Second Northern War 12228:Coup attempt (1991) 12121:Soviet-Finnish wars 11654:, published by the 11552:OSA Digital Archive 11414:, no. 1307 (1999). 11365:National Identities 11355:Europe-Asia Studies 11327:Europe-Asia Studies 11306:Europe-Asia Studies 11138:The Bridge at Andau 10927:. 25 September 2023 10901:. 12 September 2023 10875:on 15 February 2008 10800:on 22 November 2011 10557:on 14 February 2015 10454:Radio Free Europe: 10109:Ali, Tariq (1984). 9831:on 27 November 2004 9735:. The Wilson Center 9179:on 1 December 2006. 8896:11 May 2001 at the 8669:Hungarian Quarterly 8479:Sebestyen, Victor. 8233:on 12 November 2006 8120:Sebestyen, Victor. 8107:Sebestyen, Victor, 7692:on 17 October 2007. 7611:on 17 November 2007 7409:, producer (1956). 7094:hungarianreview.com 6377:on 25 January 2007. 5414:Soviet Union portal 5302:Cardinal Mindszenty 5118:Peace in the Valley 4951:Cardinal Mindszenty 4870:political prisoners 4600:as well as the new 4562:8th Mechanized Army 4326:Poles to Hungarians 3966:enemy of the people 3767:freedoms and rights 3649:Politics portal 3012:, reform communist 2957:, on 18 July 1956. 2809:Revolutions of 1989 2010:concentration camps 1886:means of production 1819:and Prime Minister 1801:sphere of influence 1525:Second Vienna Award 1110:Ostrogothic Kingdom 978:Kingdom of Bulgaria 964:– in alliance with 888:to broadcast their 870:university students 751:Smallholders' Party 603:Soviet Armed Forces 17538:Hungarian language 17389:Hungarian diaspora 17289:Telecommunications 16914:Revolution of 1956 16869:Revolution of 1848 16726:Singing Revolution 16609:June 1976 protests 16394:Soviet occupations 16290:Russian Revolution 16086:Mary Elise Sarotte 16071:William B. Pickett 15996:Patrick J. Hearden 15976:Gabriel Gorodetsky 15971:Timothy Garton Ash 15956:Anneli Ute Gabanyi 15551:Ethnic nationalism 15303:Hallstein Doctrine 15187:Yemeni unification 14976:1985 Geneva Summit 14941:Casamance conflict 14844:New Jewel Movement 14829:Iranian Revolution 14814:Chadian–Libyan War 14761:Cambodian conflict 14741:Lebanese Civil War 14731:Western Sahara War 14706:June 1976 protests 14701:Cambodian genocide 14466:17 July Revolution 14420:Nigerian Civil War 14335:Rhodesian Bush War 14320:Colombian conflict 14263:Ramadan Revolution 14002:Bandung Conference 13878:Operation Valuable 13759:Partition of India 13486:Georgian Civil War 13090:Russian Revolution 13025:Russo-Georgian War 13007:Second Chechen War 12987:Georgian Civil War 12626:Russo-Japanese War 12378:Great Northern War 12276:Russo-Crimean Wars 12248:Second Chechen War 12146:Russo-Turkish wars 12141:Russo-Swedish wars 12131:Russo-Persian Wars 12116:Russo-Crimean Wars 11892:Austro-Turkish War 11730:Freedom Fighter 56 11686:Torn from the flag 11133:Michener, James A. 10784:"National Symbols" 10393:on 1 January 2007. 10329:(12 December 1958) 10090:on 17 October 2007 8500:Taubman, William. 8326:CLR James (2013). 8019:Taubman, William. 7853:on 2 November 2013 7708:has generic name ( 6816:on 8 November 2006 6251:University of Pécs 6249:(June–July 2003). 6079:. London: Longman. 5576:Hungarian Uprising 5470:Quỳnh Lưu uprising 5444:museum in Budapest 5290: 5257:protests in Poland 5160:Giorgio Napolitano 5007: 4946:outside Budapest. 4944:Municipal Cemetery 4856: 4779:Soviet perspective 4737: 4713: 4655: 4647: 4641:with an abandoned 4547: 4503: 4379:Protocol of Sèvres 4371:John Foster Dulles 4367: 4365:, 5 November 1956) 4318: 4179: 4171: 4134:Vyacheslav Molotov 4124:Soviet perspective 4080: 4025:counter-revolution 4020: 3937: 3854: 3846: 3838: 3786: 3729:Initiating gunfire 3624:Second Arab Spring 2996:In June 1956, the 2799:Singing Revolution 2573:Novocherkassk 1962 2111: 2091:economic austerity 1965: 1920:(r. 1947–1956), a 1763:Hungary portal 1664:Hungarian language 1654:History of Hungary 1590:Revolution of 1956 1505:First Vienna Award 1495:Kingdom of Hungary 1475:Hungarian Republic 1395:Revolution of 1848 1340:Kingdom of Hungary 1215:Kingdom of Hungary 1175:Kingdom of Hungary 1140:Hungarian conquest 974:Kingdom of Romania 958:Kingdom of Hungary 847:Hungarian Uprising 843:1956-os forradalom 813:2,500–3,000 killed 786:Independence Party 17710:Conflicts in 1956 17665:1950s in Budapest 17642: 17641: 17636: 17635: 17596: 17595: 17379:Human trafficking 17317: 17316: 17214: 17213: 17178:Political parties 17124:Foreign relations 17091: 17090: 16997: 16996: 16909:People's Republic 16889:Treaty of Trianon 16766: 16765: 16711:Velvet Revolution 16673:Telephone tapping 16647:list of defectors 16436:Tito–Stalin split 16321: 16320: 16308:List of conflicts 16156:Rudolph Winnacker 16101:Giles Scott-Smith 16076:Ronald E. Powaski 16031:Melvyn P. Leffler 15961:John Lewis Gaddis 15936:Robert D. English 15901:Warren H. Carroll 15891:Michael Beschloss 15860:Nuclear arms race 15841: 15840: 15747:Neues Deutschland 15649: 15648: 15631:White nationalism 15601:Liberal democracy 15338:Ulbricht Doctrine 15328:Brezhnev Doctrine 15136:Velvet Revolution 14880:Soviet–Afghan War 14696:Angolan Civil War 14493:Goulash Communism 14350:ASEAN Declaration 14303:Mexican Dirty War 14201:Annexation of Goa 14152:1960 U-2 incident 14126:Sino-Soviet split 14104:Laotian Civil War 13944:Bricker Amendment 13924:Mau Mau rebellion 13868:Malayan Emergency 13856:Chinese Civil War 13816:Tito–Stalin split 13670:Division of Korea 13494: 13493: 13461:Soviet–Afghan War 13446:Angolan Civil War 13221:Polish–Soviet War 13179:Finnish Civil War 13157:Russian Civil War 13108: 13107: 12997:First Chechen War 12952:Soviet–Afghan War 12937:Angolan Civil War 12712:Polish–Soviet War 12670:Finnish Civil War 12648:Russian Civil War 12547:November Uprising 12485:Anglo-Russian War 12425:Bar Confederation 12238:First Chechen War 12218:Russian Civil War 12213:Decembrist revolt 12203:Bulavin Rebellion 12198:Razin's Rebellion 12181: 12180: 12136:Russo-Polish Wars 12104:Lists by opponent 11999: 11998: 11995: 11994: 11898:Russo-Turkish War 11448:Lasky, Melvin J. 11444:978-0-06-077262-8 11203:978-1-84603-079-6 11186:978-0-903425-79-7 11098:978-0-691-13282-2 10832:978-1-60344-595-5 10736:978-0-674-41985-8 10705:978-0-674-26022-1 10664:978-0-674-41985-8 10383:"Freedom Fighter" 10113:. Harmondsworth. 10044:Hungarian Tragedy 9922:Hungarian Tragedy 9850:Cellini, Amanda. 9695:978-963-9241-66-4 9164:Hungarian Tragedy 8627:PolskieRadio24.pl 8510:978-0-7432-7564-4 8339:978-1-60486-311-6 8031:978-0-7432-7564-4 7412:Revolt in Hungary 6124:978-0-8021-3250-5 5735:. 4 November 2002 5435:Children of Glory 5376:Vladimir Medinsky 5339:Mikhail Gorbachev 5156:Palmiro Togliatti 5142:fatti di Rovereta 5134:mayor of Budapest 5003:Eleanor Roosevelt 4881:Soviet Praesidium 4866:workers' councils 4773:missing in action 4498: 4270:Władysław Gomułka 4097:workers' councils 3945:workers' councils 3941:Molotov cocktails 3683: 3682: 3217:Mass mobilization 3207:Guerrilla warfare 3014:Władysław Gomułka 2962:Radio Free Europe 2892: 2891: 2727:Sino-Soviet split 2707:Tito–Stalin split 2702:Czechoslovak coup 2680: 2679: 2620:Ukraine 1989–1991 2558:East Germany 1953 2500:Soviet occupation 2043:industrialisation 2004:and by the local 1969:József Mindszenty 1942:Spanish Civil War 1904:Stalinist Hungary 1878:socialist economy 1827:continually used 1797: 1796: 1628: 1627: 1600:Goulash Communism 1553: 1552: 1485:Treaty of Trianon 1348: 1347: 1233: 1232: 1148: 1147: 1020:Soviet occupation 1014:Siege of Budapest 956:(1939–1945), the 831: 830: 721:(from 4 November) 695:Political support 332:Vasily Sokolovsky 247:Nikita Khrushchev 155:Until 28 October: 129: 128: 16:(Redirected from 17792: 17616: 17609: 17507: 17500: 17493: 17486: 17462: 17455: 17358: 17328: 17327: 17265: 17245: 17225: 17224: 17204: 17190: 17102: 17101: 17067: 17060: 17053: 17025:Cities and towns 17008: 17007: 16854:Habsburg Kingdom 16817: 16816: 16793: 16786: 16779: 16770: 16769: 16555:Goryani Movement 16535: 16527: 16493: 16455: 16389:Yalta Conference 16348: 16341: 16334: 16325: 16324: 16066:David S. Painter 15991:John Earl Haynes 15921:Nicholas J. Cull 15906:Adrian Cioroianu 15886:Thomas A. Bailey 15833:Voice of America 15724: 15723: 15636:White separatism 15616:Social democracy 15611:Guided democracy 15591:Authoritarianism 15541:Ultranationalism 15531:Anti-imperialism 15458:Marxism–Leninism 15371: 15370: 15358:Kinmen Agreement 15323:Johnson Doctrine 15308:Kennedy Doctrine 15224:Frozen conflicts 15207:1991 August Coup 15096:Afghan Civil War 14991:Reykjavík Summit 14986:Somali Rebellion 14926:Ugandan Bush War 14904:Gdańsk Agreement 14425:Protests of 1968 14405:War of Attrition 14114:Cuban Revolution 14050:We will bury you 14017:Cyprus Emergency 13997:Kashmir Princess 13987:Jebel Akhdar War 13836:Western betrayal 13521: 13514: 13507: 13498: 13497: 13481:Transnistria War 13436:War of Attrition 13342:Continuation War 13291: 13135: 13128: 13121: 13112: 13111: 12982:Transnistria War 12927:War of Attrition 12833:Continuation War 12782: 12574:January Uprising 12415:Seven Years' War 12315:Time of Troubles 12281:Russo-Kazan Wars 12126:Russo-Kazan Wars 12058: 12057: 12026: 12019: 12012: 12003: 12002: 11825: 11824: 11784: 11777: 11770: 11761: 11760: 11748: 11747: 11710:The Unburied Man 11703:Mariska Hargitay 11633:Internet Archive 11620:Internet Archive 11607:Internet Archive 11507: 11503: 11501: 11490:United Nations: 11487: 11468:(Praeger, 1957). 11421: 11420: 11403: 11294:(2011): 247–258. 11280: 11254: 11229: 11190: 11171: 11152: 11121: 11102: 11083: 11078:. 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Lane. 10336: 10330: 10323: 10317: 10316: 10312: 10310: 10297: 10291: 10282: 10276: 10275: 10271: 10269: 10256: 10250: 10249: 10245: 10243: 10230: 10224: 10223: 10221: 10219: 10213: 10204: 10198: 10197: 10174: 10168: 10167: 10165: 10163: 10144: 10138: 10131: 10125: 10124: 10106: 10100: 10099: 10097: 10095: 10076: 10070: 10064: 10055: 10040: 10034: 10020: 10014: 10013: 10009: 10007: 9994: 9988: 9987: 9983: 9981: 9968: 9962: 9961: 9959: 9957: 9947: 9939: 9933: 9918: 9912: 9911: 9905: 9903: 9878: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9867: 9847: 9841: 9840: 9838: 9836: 9812: 9803: 9802: 9800: 9798: 9776: 9770: 9769: 9751: 9745: 9744: 9742: 9740: 9724: 9718: 9708: 9702: 9684: 9678: 9671: 9665: 9658: 9649: 9635: 9629: 9622: 9613: 9606: 9600: 9593: 9587: 9586: 9582: 9580: 9567: 9561: 9560: 9556: 9554: 9541: 9535: 9534: 9530: 9528: 9515: 9506: 9505: 9501: 9499: 9486: 9480: 9479: 9475: 9473: 9460: 9454: 9453: 9449: 9447: 9434: 9428: 9427: 9417: 9415: 9408:Assorted studies 9390: 9384: 9383: 9359: 9353: 9352: 9348: 9346: 9333: 9327: 9326: 9322: 9320: 9307: 9301: 9300: 9296: 9294: 9281: 9275: 9274: 9266: 9257: 9256: 9254: 9252: 9241: 9235: 9234: 9216: 9210: 9209: 9205: 9203: 9190: 9181: 9180: 9175:. Archived from 9155: 9146: 9145: 9129: 9119: 9113: 9112: 9094: 9088: 9087: 9083: 9081: 9068: 9062: 9061: 9057: 9055: 9042: 9036: 9035: 9031: 9029: 9016: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9005: 8995: 8987: 8981: 8980: 8978: 8976: 8965: 8959: 8946: 8940: 8939: 8935: 8933: 8920: 8914: 8913: 8906: 8900: 8886: 8875: 8874: 8872: 8870: 8860: 8852: 8846: 8845: 8807: 8801: 8800: 8798: 8796: 8786: 8778: 8772: 8771: 8769: 8767: 8757: 8749: 8743: 8726: 8720: 8719: 8691: 8680: 8679: 8677: 8675: 8660: 8654: 8653: 8644: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8633: 8619: 8613: 8612: 8600: 8594: 8593: 8591: 8589: 8574: 8568: 8559: 8553: 8539: 8533: 8519: 8513: 8498: 8492: 8483:(2006), p. 247. 8477: 8471: 8464: 8458: 8451: 8445: 8444: 8442: 8440: 8430: 8422: 8416: 8415: 8411: 8409: 8396: 8390: 8383: 8377: 8376: 8374: 8372: 8357: 8351: 8350: 8348: 8346: 8323: 8317: 8316: 8308: 8302: 8296: 8292: 8286: 8283: 8277: 8262: 8256: 8249: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8238: 8229:. Archived from 8218: 8212: 8211: 8184: 8178: 8165: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8151: 8135: 8129: 8118: 8112: 8105: 8099: 8085: 8079: 8078: 8072: 8068: 8066: 8058: 8056: 8054: 8040: 8034: 8017: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8006: 7982: 7973: 7972: 7954: 7948: 7942: 7936: 7922: 7916: 7910: 7904: 7898: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7877: 7869: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7858: 7852: 7841: 7832: 7826: 7825: 7821: 7819: 7806: 7800: 7799: 7795: 7793: 7780: 7767: 7755: 7749: 7741: 7735: 7721: 7715: 7713: 7707: 7703: 7701: 7693: 7688:. Archived from 7678: 7672: 7671: 7667: 7665: 7652: 7646: 7632: 7626: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7607:. Archived from 7597: 7591: 7590: 7572: 7563: 7562: 7558: 7556: 7543: 7537: 7536: 7518: 7512: 7511: 7507: 7505: 7492: 7486: 7485: 7467: 7461: 7447: 7441: 7440: 7434: 7430: 7428: 7420: 7398: 7392: 7391: 7387: 7385: 7372: 7366: 7360: 7354: 7352: 7334: 7328: 7327: 7323: 7321: 7308: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7295: 7282: 7276: 7273: 7267: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7249: 7247: 7234: 7228: 7221: 7215: 7214: 7206: 7185: 7184: 7180: 7178: 7165: 7159: 7158: 7140: 7134: 7133: 7129: 7127: 7114: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7086: 7080: 7079: 7075: 7073: 7060: 7054: 7053: 7049: 7047: 7034: 7025: 7024: 7020: 7018: 7005: 6999: 6998: 6994: 6992: 6979: 6973: 6971: 6966: 6948: 6942: 6941: 6937: 6935: 6922: 6916: 6915: 6911: 6909: 6896: 6887: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6861: 6855: 6854: 6850: 6848: 6835: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6821: 6812:. Archived from 6801:No More Comrades 6795: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6761: 6755: 6739: 6733: 6727: 6721: 6714: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6703: 6687: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6673: 6663: 6655: 6644: 6643: 6639: 6637: 6624: 6618: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6581: 6575: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6557: 6555: 6542: 6536: 6535: 6529: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6512:on 4 August 2006 6501: 6495: 6494: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6450: 6444: 6437: 6431: 6430: 6425:. Archived from 6404: 6398: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6373:. Archived from 6352: 6346: 6332: 6326: 6312: 6306: 6305: 6287: 6281: 6279: 6269: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6258: 6245:(in Hungarian). 6240: 6231: 6225: 6224: 6206: 6200: 6199: 6192: 6183: 6182: 6181:. 24 April 2016. 6175: 6166: 6160: 6156: 6138: 6129: 6128: 6110: 6104: 6090: 6081: 6080: 6072: 6063: 6046: 6040: 6025: 6016: 6015: 6011: 6009: 5996: 5990: 5989: 5985: 5983: 5970: 5964: 5963: 5959: 5957: 5944: 5938: 5937: 5933: 5931: 5918: 5907: 5905: 5900:. Archived from 5879: 5873: 5872: 5854: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5829: 5820: 5819: 5809: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5764: 5758: 5751: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5725: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5700: 5694: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5644: 5638: 5635: 5618: 5580:Hungarian Revolt 5572: 5566: 5564: 5533: 5416: 5411: 5410: 5409: 5402: 5397: 5396: 5395: 5361:Condoleezza Rice 5328:national holiday 5234:Jean-Paul Sartre 5204:The Daily Worker 5172:Antonio Giolitti 5078:semi-final match 5011:Dag Hammarskjöld 4672:Mecsek Mountains 4513:Dag Hammarskjöld 4499: 4434:economic warfare 4342:Polish Red Cross 4235:satellite states 4208:de-Stalinisation 4094: 4057:social democracy 3675: 3668: 3661: 3647: 3646: 3500:Hungarian (1956) 3332:Spanish American 3061: 3038: 3037: 2940:de-Stalinization 2905:de-Stalinization 2895:De–Stalinization 2884: 2877: 2870: 2793: 2740: 2691: 2536:Poland 1944–1989 2520:Operation Jungle 2439: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2387: 2238: 2148: 2146: 2140: 2129: 2128: 2119: 2113: 2112: 2036:Economic decline 1844: 1789: 1782: 1775: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1566: 1565: 1361: 1360: 1310:Bocskai uprising 1246: 1245: 1161: 1160: 1096: 1095: 1052: 1042: 1024: 1023: 954:Second World War 948:Second World War 918: 784: 776: 768: 767: 766: 758: 753: 748: 739: 730: 729: 728: 720: 716: 706: 705: 704: 664: 663: 662: 654: 653: 652: 644: 643: 642: 631: 630: 629: 621: 620: 619: 611: 610: 609: 601: 600: 599: 581:Gergely Pongrátz 579: 578: 577: 567: 566: 565: 558: 555: 547: 546: 545: 537: 528: 527: 526: 516: 515: 514: 504: 503: 502: 492: 491: 490: 483: 474: 473: 472: 465: 456: 455: 454: 447: 436: 435: 434: 418: 417: 416: 406: 405: 404: 392: 391: 390: 380: 379: 378: 368: 367: 366: 356: 355: 354: 342: 341: 340: 330: 329: 328: 320:Gennady Obaturov 318: 317: 316: 306: 305: 304: 294: 293: 292: 282: 281: 280: 270: 269: 268: 258: 257: 256: 244: 243: 242: 221: 205: 201: 199: 198: 192:From 28 October: 188: 187: 186: 178:Kádár government 176: 175: 174: 169:From 4 November: 168: 164: 162: 161: 152: 148: 146: 145: 97: 95: 91: 85: 83: 79: 68: 67: 52: 32: 31: 21: 17800: 17799: 17795: 17794: 17793: 17791: 17790: 17789: 17660:1950s conflicts 17645: 17644: 17643: 17638: 17637: 17632: 17619: 17612: 17605: 17592: 17503: 17496: 17489: 17482: 17458: 17451: 17433: 17419:Public holidays 17354: 17313: 17263: 17241: 17210: 17202: 17188: 17144:Law enforcement 17087: 17063: 17056: 17049: 16993: 16923: 16904:Second Republic 16806: 16797: 16767: 16762: 16677: 16631: 16618:Soviet reaction 16604:Croatian Spring 16548: 16546: 16539: 16533: 16525: 16497: 16491: 16453: 16440: 16426:Berlin Blockade 16377: 16376: 16357: 16352: 16322: 16317: 16294: 16285:Second Cold War 16243: 16171: 16165: 16141:Odd Arne Westad 16131:Patrick Vaughan 16116:Athan Theoharis 16096:Ellen Schrecker 16081:Yakov M. Rabkin 16056:Timothy Naftali 16001:Tvrtko Jakovina 15986:Jussi Hanhimäki 15869: 15847: 15837: 15815:Paix et Liberté 15790: 15734:Active measures 15715: 15645: 15626:White supremacy 15586:Totalitarianism 15514: 15439: 15362: 15348:Reagan Doctrine 15343:Carter Doctrine 15283:Truman Doctrine 15271: 15218: 15150: 15045:Soviet reaction 14956:Ndogboyosoi War 14863: 14834:Saur Revolution 14661:1973 oil crisis 14626:Munich massacre 14534:Alcora Exercise 14529:Black September 14507: 14253:Sino-Indian War 14147:Simba rebellion 14130: 13974:Capture of the 13882: 13821:Berlin Blockade 13754:May 1947 crises 13744:Truman Doctrine 13709:Greek Civil War 13698:Blacklist Forty 13665:Gouzenko Affair 13652:Cursed soldiers 13604:Morgenthau Plan 13592: 13530: 13525: 13495: 13490: 13285: 13258:August Uprising 13145: 13139: 13109: 13104: 13076: 13017: 13011: 13002:War of Dagestan 12776: 12749:August Uprising 12618: 12612: 12601:Boxer Rebellion 12569:Amur Annexation 12370: 12364: 12268: 12262: 12243:War of Dagestan 12223:August Uprising 12177: 12099: 12049: 12030: 12000: 11991: 11971: 11951: 11928:Slovak Uprising 11916: 11903: 11873: 11868:1956 Revolution 11852: 11816: 11811:1918 Revolution 11797: 11791:Armed conflicts 11788: 11753: 11724:The 1956 Portal 11720: 11664: 11642: 11625:The short film 11612:The short film 11599:The short film 11582:Solidarity (UK) 11528: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11499: 11495: 11484: 11415: 11412:Carl Beck Paper 11400: 11377: 11375:Primary sources 11287: 11277: 11251: 11226: 11187: 11168: 11149: 11118: 11099: 11076: 11055: 11036: 11017: 11009:. p. 264. 10994: 10969: 10946: 10944:Further reading 10941: 10940: 10930: 10928: 10919: 10918: 10914: 10904: 10902: 10893: 10892: 10888: 10878: 10876: 10867: 10866: 10862: 10852: 10850: 10845: 10844: 10840: 10833: 10817: 10813: 10803: 10801: 10797: 10786: 10782: 10781: 10777: 10767: 10765: 10757: 10756: 10752: 10737: 10717: 10713: 10706: 10684: 10680: 10665: 10645: 10638: 10630: 10626: 10622: 10615: 10601: 10597: 10574: 10570: 10560: 10558: 10549: 10548: 10544: 10534: 10532: 10517: 10509:McCusker, J. J. 10497: 10489:McCusker, J. J. 10485: 10481: 10475:Wayback Machine 10466: 10462: 10453: 10449: 10441: 10437: 10431:Wayback Machine 10422: 10418: 10412:Wayback Machine 10403: 10399: 10381: 10380: 10376: 10371: 10367: 10362: 10358: 10352:Alsing Andersen 10350: 10346: 10337: 10333: 10324: 10320: 10314: 10308: 10304: 10298: 10294: 10283: 10279: 10273: 10267: 10263: 10257: 10253: 10247: 10241: 10237: 10231: 10227: 10217: 10215: 10211: 10205: 10201: 10194: 10175: 10171: 10161: 10159: 10146: 10145: 10141: 10132: 10128: 10121: 10107: 10103: 10093: 10091: 10078: 10077: 10073: 10065: 10058: 10041: 10037: 10031:Wayback Machine 10021: 10017: 10011: 10005: 10001: 9995: 9991: 9985: 9979: 9975: 9969: 9965: 9955: 9953: 9945: 9941: 9940: 9936: 9919: 9915: 9901: 9899: 9897: 9879: 9875: 9865: 9863: 9848: 9844: 9834: 9832: 9813: 9806: 9796: 9794: 9777: 9773: 9766: 9752: 9748: 9738: 9736: 9727:Kemény, János. 9725: 9721: 9709: 9705: 9685: 9681: 9672: 9668: 9659: 9652: 9647:Wayback Machine 9636: 9632: 9623: 9616: 9607: 9603: 9594: 9590: 9584: 9578: 9574: 9568: 9564: 9558: 9552: 9548: 9542: 9538: 9532: 9526: 9522: 9516: 9509: 9503: 9497: 9493: 9487: 9483: 9477: 9471: 9467: 9461: 9457: 9451: 9445: 9441: 9435: 9431: 9413: 9411: 9391: 9387: 9380: 9360: 9356: 9350: 9344: 9340: 9334: 9330: 9324: 9318: 9314: 9308: 9304: 9298: 9292: 9288: 9282: 9278: 9267: 9260: 9250: 9248: 9243: 9242: 9238: 9231: 9217: 9213: 9207: 9201: 9197: 9191: 9184: 9156: 9149: 9142: 9120: 9116: 9109: 9095: 9091: 9085: 9079: 9075: 9069: 9065: 9059: 9053: 9049: 9043: 9039: 9033: 9027: 9023: 9017: 9013: 9003: 9001: 8993: 8989: 8988: 8984: 8974: 8972: 8967: 8966: 8962: 8956:Wayback Machine 8947: 8943: 8937: 8931: 8927: 8921: 8917: 8908: 8907: 8903: 8898:Wayback Machine 8887: 8878: 8868: 8866: 8858: 8854: 8853: 8849: 8808: 8804: 8794: 8792: 8784: 8780: 8779: 8775: 8765: 8763: 8755: 8751: 8750: 8746: 8740:Wayback Machine 8727: 8723: 8692: 8683: 8673: 8671: 8661: 8657: 8646: 8645: 8641: 8631: 8629: 8621: 8620: 8616: 8601: 8597: 8587: 8585: 8576: 8575: 8571: 8560: 8556: 8550:Wayback Machine 8540: 8536: 8530:Wayback Machine 8520: 8516: 8499: 8495: 8478: 8474: 8470:(2005), p. 109. 8465: 8461: 8457:(2001), p. 451. 8453:Short, Philip. 8452: 8448: 8438: 8436: 8428: 8424: 8423: 8419: 8413: 8407: 8403: 8397: 8393: 8384: 8380: 8370: 8368: 8359: 8358: 8354: 8344: 8342: 8340: 8329:Modern Politics 8324: 8320: 8309: 8305: 8294: 8293: 8289: 8284: 8280: 8263: 8259: 8250: 8246: 8236: 8234: 8219: 8215: 8208: 8185: 8181: 8175:Wayback Machine 8166: 8159: 8149: 8147: 8136: 8132: 8119: 8115: 8111:(2006), p. 286. 8106: 8102: 8096:Wayback Machine 8086: 8082: 8070: 8069: 8060: 8059: 8052: 8050: 8041: 8037: 8018: 8014: 8004: 8002: 7983: 7976: 7969: 7955: 7951: 7946:Days of Freedom 7943: 7939: 7933:Wayback Machine 7923: 7919: 7911: 7907: 7899: 7895: 7885: 7883: 7875: 7871: 7870: 7866: 7856: 7854: 7850: 7839: 7833: 7829: 7823: 7817: 7813: 7807: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7787: 7781: 7770: 7756: 7752: 7742: 7738: 7722: 7718: 7705: 7704: 7695: 7694: 7679: 7675: 7669: 7663: 7659: 7653: 7649: 7633: 7629: 7623:Walter Cronkite 7614: 7612: 7603: 7598: 7594: 7587: 7573: 7566: 7560: 7554: 7550: 7544: 7540: 7533: 7519: 7515: 7509: 7503: 7499: 7493: 7489: 7482: 7468: 7464: 7448: 7444: 7432: 7431: 7422: 7421: 7407:Walter Cronkite 7399: 7395: 7389: 7383: 7379: 7373: 7369: 7361: 7357: 7349: 7335: 7331: 7325: 7319: 7315: 7309: 7305: 7299: 7293: 7289: 7283: 7279: 7275:Berecz, p. 117. 7274: 7270: 7262:Berecz, János. 7261: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7241: 7235: 7231: 7222: 7218: 7207: 7188: 7182: 7176: 7172: 7166: 7162: 7155: 7141: 7137: 7131: 7125: 7121: 7115: 7108: 7098: 7096: 7088: 7087: 7083: 7077: 7071: 7067: 7061: 7057: 7051: 7045: 7041: 7035: 7028: 7022: 7016: 7012: 7006: 7002: 6996: 6990: 6986: 6980: 6976: 6969: 6963: 6949: 6945: 6939: 6933: 6929: 6923: 6919: 6913: 6907: 6903: 6897: 6890: 6880: 6878: 6877:on 30 June 2007 6863: 6862: 6858: 6852: 6846: 6842: 6836: 6829: 6819: 6817: 6796: 6783: 6773: 6771: 6763: 6762: 6758: 6752:Wayback Machine 6740: 6736: 6728: 6724: 6715: 6711: 6701: 6699: 6688: 6681: 6671: 6669: 6661: 6657: 6656: 6647: 6641: 6635: 6631: 6625: 6621: 6609: 6605: 6595: 6593: 6582: 6578: 6569: 6565: 6559: 6553: 6549: 6543: 6539: 6523: 6522: 6515: 6513: 6502: 6498: 6491: 6477: 6473: 6463: 6461: 6451: 6447: 6438: 6434: 6423: 6405: 6401: 6396:Wayback Machine 6386: 6382: 6371: 6353: 6349: 6343:Wayback Machine 6333: 6329: 6323:Wayback Machine 6313: 6309: 6302: 6288: 6284: 6270: 6266: 6256: 6254: 6238: 6232: 6228: 6221: 6207: 6203: 6198:. 13 July 1947. 6194: 6193: 6186: 6177: 6176: 6169: 6158: 6153: 6139: 6132: 6125: 6111: 6107: 6091: 6084: 6073: 6066: 6060:Wayback Machine 6047: 6043: 6026: 6019: 6013: 6007: 6003: 5997: 5993: 5987: 5981: 5977: 5971: 5967: 5961: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5925: 5919: 5910: 5898: 5880: 5876: 5869: 5855: 5851: 5841: 5839: 5831: 5830: 5823: 5786: 5782: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5765: 5761: 5752: 5748: 5738: 5736: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5712: 5710: 5702: 5701: 5697: 5692: 5688: 5680: 5676: 5670: 5666: 5659: 5645: 5641: 5636: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5621: 5588:Ellenforradalom 5573: 5569: 5562: 5560:Wayback Machine 5534: 5530: 5525: 5442:House of Terror 5412: 5407: 5405: 5398: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5380:Péter Szijjártó 5365:role of Hungary 5274: 5246:Left communists 5100:as the reason. 5054:Man of the Year 5042:Alsing Andersen 4981: 4967:New Left Review 4885:Georgy Malenkov 4861: 4848: 4781: 4742:Kuzma Grebennik 4541:A Soviet-built 4490: 4488: 4486:Soviet invasion 4472:Géza Jeszenszky 4351: 4302: 4300:Polish response 4191:Anastas Mikoyan 4183:Mosonmagyaróvár 4126: 4114:Mosonmagyaróvár 4092: 4012: 4003: 3949:general strikes 3897:Mikhail Malinin 3885:Anastas Mikoyan 3818: 3771:National Song ( 3755:state ownership 3731: 3702:followed suit. 3679: 3641: 3636: 3635: 3292: 3284: 3283: 3155: 3147: 3146: 3107: 3099: 3098: 3069: 3036: 3031: 2978: 2970:destabilisation 2897: 2888: 2859: 2858: 2794: 2791: 2784: 2783: 2736: 2712:Berlin Blockade 2692: 2690:Cold War events 2689: 2682: 2681: 2605:Kazakhstan 1986 2436: 2431: 2429: 2422: 2421: 2388: 2385: 2378: 2377: 2239: 2236: 2229: 2228: 2149: 2144: 2138: 2136: 2126: 2117: 2099: 2079:Hungarian pengő 2065:. In 1946, the 2055:war reparations 2038: 2002:intelligentsias 1997: 1946:world Communism 1908:Initially, the 1906: 1898:Students' union 1882:nationalization 1807:, in which the 1793: 1757: 1755: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1679:Hungarian Kings 1638: 1630: 1629: 1614:1989–2012 1604:1956–1989 1584:1949–1989 1574:1946–1949 1563: 1555: 1554: 1549:1941–1945 1519:1939–1945 1499:1920–1946 1479:1919–1920 1459:1918–1919 1449:1918–1941 1445:Interwar period 1439:1914–1918 1429:1867–1918 1419:1867–1918 1405:Hungarian State 1399:1848–1849 1389:1825–1848 1379:1711–1867 1369:1703–1711 1358: 1350: 1349: 1344:1699–1867 1334:1682–1685 1324:1664–1671 1314:1604–1606 1304:1570–1711 1294:1541–1699 1290:Ottoman Hungary 1284:1526–1699 1274:1526–1570 1264:1526–1699 1243: 1235: 1234: 1229:1366–1526 1219:1301–1526 1209:1241–1242 1189:1102–1918 1179:1000–1301 1158: 1150: 1149: 1093: 1085: 1084: 1060: 1040: 1033: 1022: 980:. In 1941, the 950: 945: 890:sixteen demands 822: 807: 764: 762: 749: 743:(to 4 November) 726: 724: 711: 702: 700: 687: 660: 658: 650: 648: 640: 638: 627: 625: 617: 615: 607: 605: 597: 595: 585: 575: 573: 563: 561: 543: 541: 540: 524: 522: 512: 510: 500: 498: 488: 486: 470: 468: 452: 450: 432: 430: 424: 414: 412: 402: 400: 388: 386: 376: 374: 364: 362: 352: 350: 338: 336: 326: 324: 314: 312: 308:Kuzma Grebennik 302: 300: 290: 288: 278: 276: 266: 264: 254: 252: 240: 238: 216: 211: 208:Nagy government 196: 194: 184: 182: 172: 170: 159: 157: 154: 143: 141: 110: 93: 89: 87: 81: 77: 75: 53: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17798: 17788: 17787: 17782: 17777: 17772: 17767: 17762: 17757: 17752: 17747: 17742: 17737: 17732: 17727: 17722: 17717: 17712: 17707: 17702: 17697: 17692: 17687: 17682: 17677: 17672: 17667: 17662: 17657: 17640: 17639: 17634: 17633: 17631: 17630: 17625: 17618: 17617: 17610: 17602: 17601: 17598: 17597: 17594: 17593: 17591: 17590: 17585: 17580: 17575: 17570: 17565: 17560: 17555: 17550: 17545: 17540: 17535: 17530: 17525: 17520: 17515: 17510: 17509: 17508: 17501: 17494: 17487: 17475: 17470: 17465: 17464: 17463: 17456: 17443: 17441: 17435: 17434: 17432: 17431: 17426: 17421: 17416: 17411: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17391: 17386: 17381: 17376: 17371: 17366: 17361: 17360: 17359: 17347: 17342: 17337: 17331: 17325: 17319: 17318: 17315: 17314: 17312: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17279:Stock exchange 17276: 17271: 17266: 17258: 17253: 17248: 17247: 17246: 17234: 17228: 17222: 17216: 17215: 17212: 17211: 17209: 17208: 17207: 17206: 17197:Prime Minister 17194: 17193: 17192: 17180: 17175: 17174: 17173: 17163: 17158: 17157: 17156: 17146: 17141: 17136: 17131: 17126: 17121: 17116: 17111: 17105: 17099: 17093: 17092: 17089: 17088: 17086: 17085: 17080: 17078:National parks 17075: 17070: 17069: 17068: 17061: 17054: 17042: 17037: 17035:Extreme points 17032: 17027: 17022: 17017: 17011: 17005: 16999: 16998: 16995: 16994: 16992: 16991: 16986: 16981: 16976: 16975: 16974: 16969: 16964: 16954: 16949: 16944: 16939: 16934: 16928: 16925: 16924: 16922: 16921: 16919:Third Republic 16916: 16911: 16906: 16901: 16896: 16891: 16886: 16884:First Republic 16881: 16876: 16871: 16866: 16861: 16856: 16851: 16846: 16841: 16836: 16831: 16826: 16820: 16814: 16808: 16807: 16796: 16795: 16788: 16781: 16773: 16764: 16763: 16761: 16760: 16759: 16758: 16748: 16743: 16738: 16733: 16728: 16723: 16718: 16713: 16708: 16703: 16698: 16691: 16685: 16683: 16679: 16678: 16676: 16675: 16670: 16665: 16660: 16655: 16650: 16639: 16637: 16633: 16632: 16630: 16629: 16624: 16611: 16606: 16601: 16596: 16587: 16582: 16577: 16572: 16567: 16562: 16557: 16551: 16549: 16544: 16541: 16540: 16538: 16537: 16529: 16521: 16516: 16511: 16505: 16503: 16499: 16498: 16496: 16495: 16487: 16482: 16477: 16472: 16467: 16462: 16457: 16448: 16446: 16442: 16441: 16439: 16438: 16433: 16428: 16423: 16418: 16417: 16416: 16411: 16406: 16401: 16391: 16385: 16383: 16379: 16378: 16375: 16374: 16369: 16363: 16362: 16359: 16358: 16351: 16350: 16343: 16336: 16328: 16319: 16318: 16316: 16315: 16310: 16305: 16299: 16296: 16295: 16293: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16272: 16267: 16262: 16257: 16251: 16249: 16245: 16244: 16242: 16241: 16236: 16231: 16226: 16221: 16216: 16211: 16206: 16201: 16196: 16191: 16186: 16181: 16175: 16173: 16167: 16166: 16164: 16163: 16158: 16153: 16148: 16143: 16138: 16133: 16128: 16123: 16118: 16113: 16111:Timothy Snyder 16108: 16103: 16098: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16073: 16068: 16063: 16058: 16053: 16048: 16043: 16041:Vojtech Mastny 16038: 16036:Geir Lundestad 16033: 16028: 16026:Walter Laqueur 16023: 16021:Walter LaFeber 16018: 16013: 16008: 16003: 15998: 15993: 15988: 15983: 15978: 15973: 15968: 15963: 15958: 15953: 15951:André Fontaine 15948: 15943: 15938: 15933: 15928: 15923: 15918: 15913: 15908: 15903: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15881:Gar Alperovitz 15877: 15875: 15871: 15870: 15868: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15851: 15849: 15843: 15842: 15839: 15838: 15836: 15835: 15830: 15824: 15823: 15818: 15811: 15806: 15798: 15796: 15792: 15791: 15789: 15788: 15781: 15776: 15769: 15762: 15757: 15750: 15743: 15736: 15730: 15728: 15721: 15717: 15716: 15714: 15713: 15708: 15703: 15698: 15693: 15688: 15683: 15678: 15673: 15668: 15663: 15657: 15655: 15651: 15650: 15647: 15646: 15644: 15643: 15638: 15633: 15628: 15623: 15621:Third-Worldism 15618: 15613: 15608: 15603: 15598: 15593: 15588: 15583: 15578: 15573: 15568: 15563: 15558: 15553: 15548: 15543: 15538: 15533: 15528: 15522: 15520: 15516: 15515: 15513: 15512: 15507: 15502: 15497: 15492: 15487: 15480: 15475: 15470: 15465: 15460: 15455: 15449: 15447: 15441: 15440: 15438: 15437: 15432: 15427: 15422: 15417: 15412: 15410:Libertarianism 15407: 15402: 15401: 15400: 15390: 15388:Chicago school 15385: 15379: 15377: 15368: 15364: 15363: 15361: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15335: 15333:Nixon Doctrine 15330: 15325: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15295: 15290: 15285: 15279: 15277: 15276:Foreign policy 15273: 15272: 15270: 15269: 15264: 15259: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15234: 15228: 15226: 15220: 15219: 15217: 15216: 15211: 15210: 15209: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15164: 15158: 15156: 15152: 15151: 15149: 15148: 15143: 15138: 15133: 15128: 15123: 15118: 15113: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15078: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15061:Operation RYAN 15058: 15053: 15048: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15018: 15013: 15008: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14978: 14973: 14968: 14966:Able Archer 83 14963: 14958: 14953: 14948: 14943: 14938: 14933: 14928: 14923: 14918: 14913: 14912: 14911: 14901: 14896: 14891: 14882: 14877: 14871: 14869: 14865: 14864: 14862: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14836: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14791: 14786: 14781: 14776: 14771: 14763: 14758: 14753: 14748: 14743: 14738: 14733: 14728: 14723: 14718: 14716:Oromo conflict 14713: 14708: 14703: 14698: 14693: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14658: 14656:Yom Kippur War 14653: 14648: 14643: 14638: 14633: 14628: 14623: 14618: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14583: 14578: 14573: 14566: 14561: 14556: 14551: 14546: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14526: 14521: 14515: 14513: 14509: 14508: 14506: 14505: 14500: 14495: 14490: 14485: 14480: 14479: 14478: 14468: 14463: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14439: 14434: 14433: 14432: 14422: 14417: 14412: 14407: 14402: 14397: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14311: 14310: 14300: 14295: 14290: 14288:Aden Emergency 14285: 14280: 14275: 14270: 14265: 14260: 14255: 14250: 14245: 14240: 14239: 14238: 14233: 14228: 14218: 14213: 14208: 14206:Papua conflict 14203: 14198: 14193: 14188: 14187: 14186: 14176: 14175: 14174: 14164: 14159: 14154: 14149: 14144: 14138: 14136: 14132: 14131: 14129: 14128: 14123: 14122: 14121: 14111: 14109:Kitchen Debate 14106: 14101: 14096: 14091: 14086: 14081: 14076: 14071: 14069:Sputnik crisis 14066: 14061: 14053: 14046: 14041: 14039:Polish October 14036: 14031: 14026: 14019: 14014: 14009: 14004: 13999: 13994: 13989: 13984: 13979: 13971: 13966: 13961: 13956: 13951: 13946: 13941: 13939:Pact of Madrid 13936: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13896: 13894:Bamboo Curtain 13890: 13888: 13884: 13883: 13881: 13880: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13864: 13863: 13853: 13848: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13813: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13787: 13786: 13781: 13776: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13736: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13693: 13685: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13662: 13654: 13649: 13648: 13647: 13642: 13634: 13621: 13616: 13611: 13606: 13600: 13598: 13594: 13593: 13591: 13590: 13585: 13580: 13575: 13570: 13565: 13560: 13555: 13550: 13543: 13535: 13532: 13531: 13524: 13523: 13516: 13509: 13501: 13492: 13491: 13489: 13488: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13468: 13463: 13458: 13453: 13448: 13443: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13423: 13421:Vlora Incident 13418: 13413: 13408: 13403: 13398: 13393: 13388: 13383: 13378: 13373: 13372: 13371: 13366: 13361: 13360: 13359: 13349: 13344: 13339: 13334: 13333: 13332: 13322: 13317: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13292: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13265: 13260: 13255: 13250: 13249: 13248: 13243: 13238: 13233: 13228: 13223: 13218: 13213: 13212: 13211: 13206: 13201: 13191: 13186: 13184:Sochi conflict 13181: 13176: 13171: 13170: 13169: 13153: 13151: 13147: 13146: 13138: 13137: 13130: 13123: 13115: 13106: 13105: 13103: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13087: 13085:Russian Winter 13081: 13078: 13077: 13075: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13053: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13027: 13021: 13019: 13013: 13012: 13010: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12912:Vlora incident 12909: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12863: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12851: 12850: 12840: 12835: 12830: 12825: 12824: 12823: 12813: 12808: 12798: 12793: 12788: 12783: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12741: 12740: 12739: 12734: 12729: 12724: 12719: 12714: 12709: 12704: 12703: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12682: 12677: 12675:Sochi conflict 12672: 12667: 12662: 12661: 12660: 12645: 12644: 12643: 12633: 12628: 12622: 12620: 12614: 12613: 12611: 12610: 12609: 12608: 12598: 12593: 12592: 12591: 12586: 12576: 12571: 12566: 12565: 12564: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12533: 12532: 12527: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12401: 12396: 12390: 12385: 12380: 12374: 12372: 12366: 12365: 12363: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12308: 12303: 12298: 12293: 12288: 12283: 12278: 12272: 12270: 12264: 12263: 12261: 12260: 12255: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12230: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12189: 12187: 12183: 12182: 12179: 12178: 12176: 12175: 12170: 12169: 12168: 12158: 12153: 12148: 12143: 12138: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12113: 12107: 12105: 12101: 12100: 12098: 12097: 12092: 12087: 12082: 12077: 12072: 12067: 12061: 12055: 12051: 12050: 12029: 12028: 12021: 12014: 12006: 11997: 11996: 11993: 11992: 11990: 11989: 11982: 11980: 11973: 11972: 11970: 11969: 11962: 11960: 11953: 11952: 11950: 11949: 11943: 11937: 11931: 11924: 11922: 11919:Czechoslovakia 11910:Czech Republic 11905: 11904: 11902: 11901: 11895: 11888: 11886: 11880:Ottoman Empire 11875: 11874: 11872: 11871: 11864: 11862: 11854: 11853: 11851: 11850: 11844: 11841: 11834: 11832: 11822: 11818: 11817: 11815: 11814: 11807: 11805: 11799: 11798: 11787: 11786: 11779: 11772: 11764: 11758: 11755: 11754: 11745: 11744: 11739: 11733: 11727: 11719: 11718:Commemorations 11716: 11715: 11714: 11706: 11690: 11682: 11677:Freedom's Fury 11673: 11663: 11660: 11659: 11658: 11649: 11641: 11638: 11637: 11636: 11623: 11610: 11597: 11575: 11566: 11560: 11555: 11549: 11543: 11527: 11524: 11523: 11522: 11514: 11513:External links 11511: 11509: 11508: 11506:(1.47 MB) 11488: 11482: 11469: 11462: 11455: 11446: 11432:Korda, Michael 11429: 11422: 11404: 11398: 11385: 11380:Beke, Laszlo. 11376: 11373: 11372: 11371: 11361: 11351: 11344: 11330: 11323: 11313: 11302: 11295: 11286: 11283: 11282: 11281: 11275: 11262: 11255: 11249: 11230: 11224: 11205: 11191: 11185: 11172: 11166: 11153: 11147: 11129: 11122: 11116: 11103: 11097: 11084: 11074: 11059: 11053: 11040: 11034: 11021: 11015: 10998: 10992: 10973: 10967: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10939: 10938: 10912: 10886: 10860: 10838: 10831: 10811: 10775: 10750: 10735: 10729:. p. 34. 10711: 10704: 10698:. p. 74. 10678: 10663: 10657:. p. 30. 10636: 10620: 10613: 10595: 10568: 10542: 10526:1800–present: 10479: 10460: 10447: 10435: 10416: 10405:Formal Address 10397: 10374: 10365: 10356: 10344: 10331: 10318: 10315:(1.47 MB) 10292: 10277: 10274:(1.47 MB) 10251: 10248:(1.47 MB) 10225: 10199: 10192: 10169: 10139: 10126: 10120:978-1608462193 10119: 10101: 10071: 10056: 10035: 10015: 10012:(1.47 MB) 9989: 9986:(1.47 MB) 9963: 9934: 9913: 9895: 9873: 9842: 9804: 9793:on 7 June 2007 9771: 9764: 9746: 9719: 9703: 9679: 9666: 9650: 9630: 9614: 9601: 9588: 9585:(1.47 MB) 9562: 9559:(1.47 MB) 9536: 9533:(1.47 MB) 9507: 9504:(1.47 MB) 9481: 9478:(1.47 MB) 9455: 9452:(1.47 MB) 9429: 9385: 9378: 9354: 9351:(1.47 MB) 9328: 9325:(1.47 MB) 9302: 9299:(1.47 MB) 9276: 9258: 9236: 9229: 9211: 9208:(1.47 MB) 9182: 9147: 9140: 9114: 9107: 9089: 9086:(1.47 MB) 9063: 9060:(1.47 MB) 9037: 9034:(1.47 MB) 9011: 8982: 8960: 8941: 8938:(1.47 MB) 8915: 8901: 8876: 8847: 8802: 8773: 8744: 8721: 8681: 8655: 8639: 8614: 8595: 8569: 8554: 8534: 8514: 8493: 8472: 8459: 8446: 8417: 8414:(1.47 MB) 8391: 8378: 8352: 8338: 8318: 8303: 8287: 8278: 8257: 8244: 8213: 8206: 8188:Arendt, Hannah 8179: 8157: 8130: 8113: 8100: 8087:Kramer, Mark. 8080: 8035: 8012: 8001:on 8 June 2008 7974: 7967: 7949: 7937: 7917: 7905: 7893: 7864: 7827: 7824:(1.47 MB) 7801: 7798:(1.47 MB) 7768: 7757:Andy Anderson 7750: 7736: 7716: 7673: 7670:(1.47 MB) 7647: 7627: 7592: 7586:978-0385515696 7585: 7564: 7561:(1.47 MB) 7538: 7531: 7513: 7510:(1.47 MB) 7487: 7480: 7462: 7442: 7393: 7390:(1.47 MB) 7367: 7355: 7347: 7329: 7326:(1.47 MB) 7303: 7300:(1.47 MB) 7277: 7268: 7255: 7252:(1.47 MB) 7229: 7216: 7186: 7183:(1.47 MB) 7160: 7153: 7135: 7132:(1.47 MB) 7106: 7081: 7078:(1.47 MB) 7055: 7052:(1.47 MB) 7026: 7023:(1.47 MB) 7000: 6997:(1.47 MB) 6974: 6961: 6943: 6940:(1.47 MB) 6917: 6914:(1.47 MB) 6888: 6856: 6853:(1.47 MB) 6827: 6781: 6756: 6734: 6722: 6709: 6694:. culture.pl. 6679: 6645: 6642:(1.47 MB) 6619: 6603: 6576: 6574:(2008) p. 144. 6563: 6560:(1.47 MB) 6537: 6496: 6489: 6471: 6445: 6432: 6421: 6399: 6380: 6369: 6347: 6327: 6307: 6300: 6282: 6264: 6226: 6219: 6201: 6184: 6167: 6151: 6130: 6123: 6105: 6082: 6064: 6041: 6017: 6014:(1.47 MB) 5991: 5988:(1.47 MB) 5965: 5962:(1.47 MB) 5939: 5936:(1.47 MB) 5908: 5896: 5874: 5868:0-14-01-1341-X 5867: 5849: 5821: 5780: 5759: 5746: 5720: 5695: 5686: 5664: 5657: 5639: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5567: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5520: 5519: 5514: 5513: 5512: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5446: 5445: 5439: 5426: 5418: 5417: 5403: 5400:Hungary portal 5387: 5384: 5369:George W. Bush 5294:MacArthur Park 5273: 5270: 5242:Situations VII 5017:, Ceylon (now 4980: 4977: 4962:Nicolas Krassó 4889:Mikhail Suslov 4860: 4857: 4847: 4844: 4827: 4826: 4823: 4816: 4813: 4806: 4803: 4780: 4777: 4659:Hungarian Army 4637:in Budapest's 4487: 4484: 4465:Finlandization 4350: 4347: 4301: 4298: 4286:Ferenc Münnich 4239: 4238: 4227: 4224:Polish October 4204: 4195:Mikhail Suslov 4130:Polish October 4125: 4122: 4048: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4011: 4010:New government 4008: 4002: 3999: 3917:Hungarian Army 3889:Mikhail Suslov 3859:András Hegedüs 3817: 3814: 3794:intelligentsia 3763:United Nations 3730: 3727: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3677: 3670: 3663: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3638: 3637: 3634: 3633: 3632: 3631: 3621: 3616: 3615: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3460: 3459: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3429: 3428: 3423: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3381:Italian states 3373: 3368: 3367: 3366: 3361: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3335: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3299: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3286: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3276: 3274:Tax resistance 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3255: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3198: 3197: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3175:Class conflict 3172: 3167: 3165:Civil disorder 3162: 3156: 3153: 3152: 3149: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3097: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3063: 3062: 3054: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3023:Polish October 2977: 2974: 2933:self-criticism 2909:reformist wing 2896: 2893: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2886: 2879: 2872: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2819:January Events 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2795: 2790: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2693: 2688: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2678: 2677: 2676: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2647: 2646: 2640: 2639: 2638: 2637: 2632: 2630:Lithuania 1991 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2591: 2590: 2585: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2543: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2524: 2523: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2494: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2485: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2446: 2445: 2437: 2428: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2397: 2389: 2384: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2376: 2375: 2369: 2355: 2350: 2344: 2339: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2286:Czechoslovakia 2283: 2278: 2273: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2246: 2240: 2235: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2150: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2122: 2121: 2098: 2095: 2071:hyperinflation 2037: 2034: 1996: 1993: 1905: 1902: 1829:salami tactics 1795: 1794: 1792: 1791: 1784: 1777: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1606: 1605: 1602: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1531: 1530: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1441: 1440: 1437: 1431: 1430: 1427: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1407: 1401: 1400: 1397: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1345: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1332: 1326: 1325: 1322: 1316: 1315: 1312: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1266: 1265: 1262: 1256: 1255: 1252: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1231: 1230: 1227: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1201: 1200: 1197: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1171: 1170: 1169:895–1000 1167: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1136: 1135: 1134:~800–970 1132: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1120:Avar Khaganate 1116: 1115: 1112: 1106: 1105: 1102: 1094: 1092:Early medieval 1091: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1075:Roman Pannonia 1072: 1067: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1045: 1044: 1035: 1034: 1027: 1021: 1018: 949: 946: 944: 941: 880:government of 829: 828: 824: 823: 821: 820: 819:200,000 exiled 817: 816:13,000 wounded 814: 810: 808: 806: 805: 802: 798: 795: 794: 790: 789: 722: 697: 696: 692: 691: 688: 686: 685: 682: 678: 675: 674: 670: 669: 646:Armed citizens 636: 592: 591: 590:Units involved 587: 586: 584: 583: 571: 559: 549:Sándor Kopácsi 538: 520: 508: 496: 484: 466: 448: 427: 425: 423: 422: 410: 408:Ferenc Münnich 398: 384: 372: 360: 358:András Hegedüs 348: 334: 322: 310: 298: 286: 274: 262: 250: 235: 232: 231: 227: 226: 180: 136: 135: 131: 130: 127: 126: 125: 124: 116: 112: 111: 106: 104: 100: 99: 72: 64: 63: 56:Hungarian flag 45: 44: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17797: 17786: 17783: 17781: 17778: 17776: 17773: 17771: 17768: 17766: 17765:Urban warfare 17763: 17761: 17758: 17756: 17753: 17751: 17748: 17746: 17743: 17741: 17738: 17736: 17733: 17731: 17728: 17726: 17723: 17721: 17718: 17716: 17713: 17711: 17708: 17706: 17703: 17701: 17698: 17696: 17693: 17691: 17688: 17686: 17683: 17681: 17678: 17676: 17673: 17671: 17668: 17666: 17663: 17661: 17658: 17656: 17653: 17652: 17650: 17629: 17626: 17624: 17621: 17620: 17615: 17611: 17608: 17604: 17603: 17599: 17589: 17586: 17584: 17581: 17579: 17576: 17574: 17571: 17569: 17566: 17564: 17561: 17559: 17556: 17554: 17551: 17549: 17546: 17544: 17541: 17539: 17536: 17534: 17531: 17529: 17526: 17524: 17521: 17519: 17516: 17514: 17511: 17506: 17502: 17499: 17495: 17492: 17488: 17485: 17481: 17480: 17479: 17476: 17474: 17471: 17469: 17466: 17461: 17457: 17454: 17450: 17449: 17448: 17445: 17444: 17442: 17440: 17436: 17430: 17427: 17425: 17422: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17412: 17410: 17407: 17405: 17402: 17400: 17397: 17395: 17392: 17390: 17387: 17385: 17382: 17380: 17377: 17375: 17372: 17370: 17367: 17365: 17364:Family policy 17362: 17357: 17353: 17352: 17351: 17348: 17346: 17343: 17341: 17338: 17336: 17333: 17332: 17329: 17326: 17324: 17320: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17262: 17259: 17257: 17254: 17252: 17249: 17244: 17240: 17239: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17229: 17226: 17223: 17221: 17217: 17205: 17200: 17199: 17198: 17195: 17191: 17186: 17185: 17184: 17181: 17179: 17176: 17172: 17169: 17168: 17167: 17164: 17162: 17159: 17155: 17152: 17151: 17150: 17147: 17145: 17142: 17140: 17137: 17135: 17132: 17130: 17127: 17125: 17122: 17120: 17117: 17115: 17112: 17110: 17107: 17106: 17103: 17100: 17098: 17094: 17084: 17081: 17079: 17076: 17074: 17071: 17066: 17062: 17059: 17055: 17052: 17048: 17047: 17046: 17043: 17041: 17038: 17036: 17033: 17031: 17028: 17026: 17023: 17021: 17018: 17016: 17013: 17012: 17009: 17006: 17004: 17000: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16982: 16980: 16977: 16973: 16970: 16968: 16965: 16963: 16960: 16959: 16958: 16955: 16953: 16952:Árpád dynasty 16950: 16948: 16945: 16943: 16940: 16938: 16935: 16933: 16930: 16929: 16926: 16920: 16917: 16915: 16912: 16910: 16907: 16905: 16902: 16900: 16897: 16895: 16892: 16890: 16887: 16885: 16882: 16880: 16877: 16875: 16872: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16864:Rákóczi's War 16862: 16860: 16857: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16825: 16822: 16821: 16818: 16815: 16813: 16809: 16805: 16801: 16794: 16789: 16787: 16782: 16780: 16775: 16774: 16771: 16757: 16756:Yugoslav Wars 16754: 16753: 16752: 16749: 16747: 16744: 16742: 16739: 16737: 16734: 16732: 16729: 16727: 16724: 16722: 16719: 16717: 16714: 16712: 16709: 16707: 16704: 16702: 16699: 16697: 16696: 16692: 16690: 16687: 16686: 16684: 16680: 16674: 16671: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16654: 16651: 16648: 16644: 16641: 16640: 16638: 16634: 16628: 16625: 16623: 16619: 16615: 16612: 16610: 16607: 16605: 16602: 16600: 16597: 16595: 16591: 16590:Prague Spring 16588: 16586: 16583: 16581: 16578: 16576: 16573: 16571: 16568: 16566: 16563: 16561: 16558: 16556: 16553: 16552: 16550: 16542: 16536: 16530: 16528: 16522: 16520: 16517: 16515: 16512: 16510: 16507: 16506: 16504: 16502:Organizations 16500: 16494: 16488: 16486: 16483: 16481: 16478: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16468: 16466: 16463: 16461: 16458: 16456: 16450: 16449: 16447: 16443: 16437: 16434: 16432: 16429: 16427: 16424: 16422: 16419: 16415: 16412: 16410: 16407: 16405: 16404:Baltic states 16402: 16400: 16397: 16396: 16395: 16392: 16390: 16387: 16386: 16384: 16380: 16373: 16370: 16368: 16365: 16364: 16360: 16356: 16349: 16344: 16342: 16337: 16335: 16330: 16329: 16326: 16314: 16311: 16309: 16306: 16304: 16301: 16300: 16297: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16275:War on terror 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16252: 16250: 16246: 16240: 16237: 16235: 16232: 16230: 16227: 16225: 16222: 16220: 16217: 16215: 16212: 16210: 16207: 16205: 16202: 16200: 16197: 16195: 16192: 16190: 16187: 16185: 16182: 16180: 16177: 16176: 16174: 16170:Espionage and 16168: 16162: 16159: 16157: 16154: 16152: 16149: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16134: 16132: 16129: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16121:Andrew Thorpe 16119: 16117: 16114: 16112: 16109: 16107: 16104: 16102: 16099: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16069: 16067: 16064: 16062: 16059: 16057: 16054: 16052: 16049: 16047: 16044: 16042: 16039: 16037: 16034: 16032: 16029: 16027: 16024: 16022: 16019: 16017: 16016:Gabriel Kolko 16014: 16012: 16009: 16007: 16004: 16002: 15999: 15997: 15994: 15992: 15989: 15987: 15984: 15982: 15981:Fred Halliday 15979: 15977: 15974: 15972: 15969: 15967: 15966:Lloyd Gardner 15964: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15952: 15949: 15947: 15944: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15926:Norman Davies 15924: 15922: 15919: 15917: 15914: 15912: 15911:John Costello 15909: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15878: 15876: 15872: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15852: 15850: 15846:Technological 15844: 15834: 15831: 15829: 15826: 15825: 15822: 15819: 15817: 15816: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15805: 15804: 15800: 15799: 15797: 15793: 15787: 15786: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15775: 15774: 15770: 15768: 15767: 15763: 15761: 15758: 15756: 15755: 15751: 15749: 15748: 15744: 15742: 15741: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15731: 15729: 15727:Pro-communist 15725: 15722: 15718: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15704: 15702: 15699: 15697: 15694: 15692: 15689: 15687: 15684: 15682: 15679: 15677: 15674: 15672: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15658: 15656: 15654:Organizations 15652: 15642: 15639: 15637: 15634: 15632: 15629: 15627: 15624: 15622: 15619: 15617: 15614: 15612: 15609: 15607: 15604: 15602: 15599: 15597: 15594: 15592: 15589: 15587: 15584: 15582: 15579: 15577: 15574: 15572: 15569: 15567: 15564: 15562: 15559: 15557: 15554: 15552: 15549: 15547: 15544: 15542: 15539: 15537: 15534: 15532: 15529: 15527: 15524: 15523: 15521: 15517: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15503: 15501: 15498: 15496: 15493: 15491: 15488: 15486: 15485: 15481: 15479: 15476: 15474: 15471: 15469: 15468:Eurocommunism 15466: 15464: 15461: 15459: 15456: 15454: 15451: 15450: 15448: 15446: 15442: 15436: 15433: 15431: 15428: 15426: 15423: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15399: 15396: 15395: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15380: 15378: 15376: 15372: 15369: 15365: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15339: 15336: 15334: 15331: 15329: 15326: 15324: 15321: 15319: 15316: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15306: 15304: 15301: 15299: 15298:Domino theory 15296: 15294: 15291: 15289: 15286: 15284: 15281: 15280: 15278: 15274: 15268: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15252:South Ossetia 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15229: 15227: 15225: 15221: 15215: 15212: 15208: 15205: 15204: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15165: 15163: 15160: 15159: 15157: 15153: 15147: 15144: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15129: 15127: 15124: 15122: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15046: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15036:8888 Uprising 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15004: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14981:Iran–Iraq War 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14946:Falklands War 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14910: 14907: 14906: 14905: 14902: 14900: 14897: 14895: 14892: 14890: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14876: 14873: 14872: 14870: 14866: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14840: 14837: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14810: 14809:NDF Rebellion 14807: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14790: 14789:German Autumn 14787: 14785: 14782: 14780: 14777: 14775: 14772: 14770: 14769: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14757: 14754: 14752: 14749: 14747: 14744: 14742: 14739: 14737: 14734: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14719: 14717: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14699: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14676:Metapolitefsi 14674: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14642: 14639: 14637: 14634: 14632: 14629: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14617: 14614: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14571: 14567: 14565: 14562: 14560: 14557: 14555: 14552: 14550: 14547: 14545: 14542: 14540: 14537: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14517: 14516: 14514: 14510: 14504: 14501: 14499: 14496: 14494: 14491: 14489: 14486: 14484: 14481: 14477: 14474: 14473: 14472: 14469: 14467: 14464: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14445: 14440: 14438: 14437:Prague Spring 14435: 14431: 14428: 14427: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14416: 14415:Al-Wadiah War 14413: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14380:12-3 incident 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14309: 14306: 14305: 14304: 14301: 14299: 14296: 14294: 14291: 14289: 14286: 14284: 14281: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14269: 14266: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14256: 14254: 14251: 14249: 14246: 14244: 14241: 14237: 14234: 14232: 14229: 14227: 14224: 14223: 14222: 14219: 14217: 14214: 14212: 14209: 14207: 14204: 14202: 14199: 14197: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14185: 14182: 14181: 14180: 14177: 14173: 14170: 14169: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14143: 14140: 14139: 14137: 14133: 14127: 14124: 14120: 14117: 14116: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14107: 14105: 14102: 14100: 14097: 14095: 14092: 14090: 14087: 14085: 14082: 14080: 14077: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14059: 14054: 14051: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14037: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14024: 14020: 14018: 14015: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14005: 14003: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13993: 13990: 13988: 13985: 13983: 13980: 13978: 13977: 13972: 13970: 13967: 13965: 13962: 13960: 13959:Domino theory 13957: 13955: 13954:Petrov Affair 13952: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13942: 13940: 13937: 13935: 13932: 13930: 13927: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13891: 13889: 13885: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13862: 13859: 13858: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13831:Madiun Affair 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13791:Marshall Plan 13789: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13771: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13740: 13737: 13735: 13732: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13700: 13699: 13694: 13692: 13691: 13686: 13684: 13683: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13660: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13646: 13643: 13641: 13640: 13635: 13633: 13632: 13627: 13626: 13625: 13622: 13620: 13617: 13615: 13612: 13610: 13607: 13605: 13602: 13601: 13599: 13595: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13576: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13548: 13544: 13542: 13541: 13540:United States 13537: 13536: 13533: 13529: 13522: 13517: 13515: 13510: 13508: 13503: 13502: 13499: 13487: 13484: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13419: 13417: 13414: 13412: 13409: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13399: 13397: 13394: 13392: 13391:Ili Rebellion 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13379: 13377: 13374: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13358: 13355: 13354: 13353: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13331: 13328: 13327: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13312: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13289: 13284: 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13261: 13259: 13256: 13254: 13251: 13247: 13244: 13242: 13239: 13237: 13234: 13232: 13229: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13217: 13214: 13210: 13207: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13196: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13168: 13165: 13164: 13163: 13160: 13159: 13158: 13155: 13154: 13152: 13148: 13144: 13136: 13131: 13129: 13124: 13122: 13117: 13116: 13113: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13082: 13079: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13051: 13050:2022 invasion 13048: 13046: 13045:War in Donbas 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13032: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13022: 13020: 13014: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12882:Ili Rebellion 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12849: 12846: 12845: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12822: 12819: 12818: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12804: 12803: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12789: 12787: 12784: 12780: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12725: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12705: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12687: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12659: 12656: 12655: 12654: 12651: 12650: 12649: 12646: 12642: 12639: 12638: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12623: 12621: 12615: 12607: 12604: 12603: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12581: 12580: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12563: 12560: 12559: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12522: 12521: 12520:Caucasian War 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 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6587: 6580: 6573: 6570:Weiner, Tim. 6567: 6552: 6547: 6541: 6533: 6527: 6511: 6507: 6500: 6492: 6490:0-8047-5606-6 6486: 6482: 6475: 6460: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6436: 6428: 6424: 6422:0-8371-7540-2 6418: 6414: 6410: 6403: 6397: 6393: 6390: 6384: 6376: 6372: 6370:0-8371-7540-2 6366: 6362: 6358: 6351: 6344: 6340: 6337: 6331: 6324: 6320: 6317: 6311: 6303: 6301:963-221-554-0 6297: 6293: 6286: 6277: 6276: 6268: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6243:Iskolakultúra 6237: 6230: 6222: 6220:9781793642172 6216: 6212: 6205: 6197: 6191: 6189: 6180: 6174: 6172: 6164: 6154: 6152:0-8047-5606-6 6148: 6144: 6137: 6135: 6126: 6120: 6116: 6109: 6103: 6102:0-521-57850-7 6099: 6095: 6089: 6087: 6078: 6071: 6069: 6061: 6057: 6054: 6050: 6045: 6038: 6037:0-415-16422-2 6034: 6030: 6024: 6022: 6006: 6001: 5995: 5980: 5975: 5969: 5954: 5949: 5943: 5928: 5923: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5903: 5899: 5897:0-8371-7540-2 5893: 5889: 5885: 5878: 5870: 5864: 5860: 5853: 5838: 5834: 5828: 5826: 5817: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5769: 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Tarlós 5127: 5123: 5119: 5114: 5113:Elvis Presley 5110: 5106: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5070: 5068: 5064: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5050: 5045: 5043: 5038: 5034: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4979:International 4976: 4973: 4969: 4968: 4963: 4959: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4932: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4920:Géza Losonczy 4917: 4916:György Lukács 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4900:Austrian Army 4897: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4873: 4871: 4867: 4852: 4843: 4841: 4835: 4831: 4824: 4821: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4807: 4804: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4788: 4776: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4761: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4722: 4718: 4710: 4709:Ruszkik haza! 4706: 4702: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4690: 4689:Kossuth Rádió 4684: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4660: 4651: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4633: 4628: 4624: 4622: 4619:and open-top 4618: 4614: 4611:tanks, 152mm 4610: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4582: 4577: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4552: 4544: 4539: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4516: 4514: 4509: 4508:Yuri Andropov 4483: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4468: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4443: 4437: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4418: 4416: 4412: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4391:Richard Nixon 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4364: 4360: 4355: 4346: 4343: 4338: 4336: 4332: 4327: 4323: 4315: 4312:Street 5, in 4311: 4306: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4251: 4248: 4244: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4200: 4199: 4196: 4192: 4187: 4184: 4175: 4168: 4163: 4159: 4157: 4151: 4148: 4144: 4139: 4138:Georgy Zhukov 4135: 4131: 4121: 4117: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4098: 4089: 4084: 4076: 4072: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4016: 4007: 3998: 3995: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3967: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3933: 3929: 3927: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3911: 3905: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 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2921:Mátyás Rákosi 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2885: 2880: 2878: 2873: 2871: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2862: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2834:Yugoslav Wars 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2788: 2787: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2722:Secret Speech 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2697:Marshall Plan 2695: 2694: 2686: 2685: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2532: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2496: 2495: 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2007: 2003: 1992: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1977:collaboration 1974: 1970: 1962: 1961:Mátyás Rákosi 1957: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1918:Mátyás Rákosi 1915: 1911: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1890:intellectuals 1887: 1883: 1879: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1767: 1764: 1754: 1753: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1669:Árpád dynasty 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1634: 1633: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1559: 1558: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1506: 1503: 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1080:Hunnic Empire 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1059:Early history 1056: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1037: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1025: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1001: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 970:Fascist Italy 967: 963: 959: 955: 940: 938: 933: 928: 926: 922: 917: 912: 908: 903: 898: 896: 891: 887: 883: 882:Mátyás Rákosi 879: 875: 871: 867: 862: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 825: 818: 815: 812: 811: 809: 804:1,540 wounded 803: 800: 799: 797: 796: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 761: 757: 752: 747: 742: 738: 733: 723: 719: 715: 709: 699: 698: 693: 689: 683: 681:31,550 troops 680: 679: 677: 676: 671: 668: 657: 656:Demonstrators 647: 637: 635: 624: 614: 604: 594: 593: 588: 582: 572: 570: 560: 556: 550: 539: 536: 531: 521: 519: 509: 507: 497: 495: 494:Géza Losonczy 485: 482: 477: 467: 464: 459: 449: 446: 441: 440: 429: 428: 426: 421: 411: 409: 399: 397: 396: 385: 383: 373: 371: 361: 359: 349: 347: 346: 335: 333: 323: 321: 311: 309: 299: 297: 296:Georgy Zhukov 287: 285: 275: 273: 263: 261: 260:Yuri Andropov 251: 249: 248: 237: 236: 234: 233: 228: 224: 220: 214: 209: 204: 191: 181: 179: 167: 153: 151: 138: 137: 132: 122: 121: 120: 117: 114: 113: 109: 105: 102: 101: 73: 70: 69: 65: 61: 57: 51: 46: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 17715:Eastern Bloc 17447:Architecture 17414:Prostitution 17345:Demographics 17309:Unemployment 17299:Trade unions 17134:Intelligence 17129:Human rights 17114:Constitution 16989:Coat of arms 16947:List of wars 16932:Christianity 16913: 16899:World War II 16834:Principality 16693: 16584: 16367:Soviet Union 16355:Eastern Bloc 16280:Brinkmanship 16172:intelligence 16061:Marius Oprea 16011:Harvey Klehr 15941:Herbert Feis 15931:Willem Drees 15896:Archie Brown 15813: 15801: 15783: 15773:Trybuna Ludu 15771: 15764: 15760:Radio Moscow 15752: 15745: 15738: 15566:Anti-Zionism 15482: 15405:Keynesianism 15393:Conservatism 15257:Transnistria 15237:China-Taiwan 14894:Gera Demands 14767: 14568: 14443: 14248:El Porteñazo 14142:Congo Crisis 14057: 14033: 13992:Algerian War 13975: 13851:Western Bloc 13846:Eastern Bloc 13841:Iron Curtain 13697: 13689: 13681: 13658: 13638: 13630: 13547:Soviet Union 13545: 13538: 13410: 13310:World War II 13143:Soviet Union 12901: 12801:World War II 12325:Smolensk War 12291:Livonian War 11867: 11859:Soviet Union 11708: 11693: 11685: 11676: 11667: 11627: 11614: 11601: 11573:marxists.org 11491: 11473: 11465: 11464:Nagy, Imre. 11458: 11449: 11435: 11425: 11411: 11389: 11381: 11364: 11354: 11347: 11337: 11333: 11326: 11316: 11305: 11298: 11297:Cox, Terry. 11291: 11266: 11258: 11235: 11210: 11194: 11176: 11157: 11136: 11125: 11107: 11088: 11080:the original 11064: 11044: 11025: 11002: 10978: 10953: 10931:25 September 10929:. 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Retrieved 5707: 5698: 5689: 5672: 5667: 5648: 5642: 5633: 5614: 5610: 5603: 5599: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5570: 5563:(in Russian) 5536: 5531: 5433: 5373: 5354: 5347: 5336: 5332: 5318: 5291: 5250: 5241: 5237: 5227: 5220:Albert Camus 5209: 5202: 5192: 5180:Pietro Nenni 5149: 5138: 5109:variety show 5102: 5098:Soviet Union 5071: 5062: 5057: 5047: 5046: 5039: 5035: 5008: 4986: 4982: 4965: 4960: 4948: 4940:Miklós Gimes 4933: 4904:Traiskirchen 4893: 4874: 4862: 4839: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4802:governments. 4785: 4782: 4762: 4758:Sándor Rónai 4738: 4726: 4724:democracy." 4714: 4708: 4696: 4685: 4656: 4639:8th District 4635:assault guns 4617:assault guns 4598:medium tanks 4578: 4548: 4517: 4504: 4479: 4469: 4454: 4440: 4438: 4421: 4419: 4408: 4368: 4339: 4319: 4292:, where the 4267: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4188: 4180: 4155: 4152: 4127: 4118: 4085: 4081: 4049: 4021: 4004: 3991: 3982: 3970: 3957:József Dudás 3938: 3922:Lajos Gyurkó 3914: 3906: 3870: 3868: 3855: 3819: 3810: 3805:Magyar Rádió 3802: 3787: 3772: 3743:Írószövetség 3742: 3732: 3704: 3684: 3535:People Power 3499: 3252:Disobedience 2995: 2986:Eastern Bloc 2979: 2965: 2959: 2943: 2937: 2925: 2898: 2668:to Hong Kong 2663:East Germany 2615:Tbilisi 1989 2600:Romania 1977 2568:Hungary 1956 2567: 2563:Georgia 1956 2399: 2392: 2291:East Germany 2118:Eastern Bloc 2075:depreciation 2052: 2039: 2028: 2026: 1998: 1981:Nazi Germany 1966: 1950:Eastern Bloc 1907: 1875: 1847:intimidation 1834: 1817:Zoltán Tildy 1798: 1719:Coat of arms 1704:Christianity 1699:List of Wars 1589: 1562:Contemporary 1545:World War II 1260:Ottoman Wars 1242:Early modern 1225:Ottoman Wars 1002: 997: 966:Nazi Germany 951: 929: 899: 886:Magyar Rádió 863: 859:Soviet Union 846: 834: 832: 770:Petőfi Party 530:József Dudás 506:Zoltán Tildy 476:Miklós Gimes 437: 393: 370:László Piros 343: 245: 213:Supported by 212: 189: 150:Soviet Union 139: 134:Belligerents 118: 98:(main phase) 40:Part of the 29: 17563:Spa culture 17394:Irredentism 17232:Agriculture 17161:Nationality 16879:World War I 16682:Dissolution 16622:Martial law 16545:Revolts and 16519:Warsaw Pact 16106:Shen Zhihua 15916:Michael Cox 15848:competition 15795:Pro-Western 15785:Soviet Life 15711:Safari Club 15681:Warsaw Pact 15536:Nationalism 15526:Imperialism 15425:Reaganomics 15288:Containment 15081:Perestroika 14570:Realpolitik 14400:Six-Day War 14385:Greek junta 14196:Berlin Wall 14044:Suez Crisis 14012:Vietnam War 13899:McCarthyism 13714:Baruch Plan 13659:Unthinkable 13619:Dekemvriana 13558:Warsaw Pact 13416:Vietnam War 13286: [ 12907:Vietnam War 12777: [ 12636:World War I 12557:Crimean War 12490:Finnish War 12406:(1740–1748) 12395:(1733–1738) 12320:Ingrian War 12036:(including 11988:(1918-1920) 11968:(2003-2011) 11900:(1735-1739) 11894:(1716–1718) 11840:(1703-1711) 11813:(1918-1920) 11578:Hungary '56 10804:24 February 10631:(in French) 10535:29 February 10506:1700–1799: 10486:1634–1699: 10162:3 September 10094:3 September 9956:2 September 9004:2 September 8975:4 September 8869:2 September 8828:: 681–701. 8795:3 September 8766:3 September 8588:3 September 8455:Mao: A Life 8371:4 September 8295:(in Polish) 8071:|work= 7433:|work= 6672:2 September 6236:"Monograph" 5800:: 122–136. 5708:History.com 5224:open letter 5199:Peter Fryer 5105:Ed Sullivan 4972:Peter Gowan 4936:Pál Maléter 4924:László Rajk 4914:along with 4810:Warsaw Pact 4769:Dunaújváros 4754:István Dobi 4721:János Kádár 4693:István Bibó 4676:Dunaújváros 4574:East Berlin 4520:Pál Maléter 4383:Suez Crisis 4363:Netherlands 4294:reactionary 4282:János Kádár 4231:buffer zone 4218:. That the 4143:Suez Crisis 4052:Warsaw Pact 3994:Béla Király 3961:Pál Maléter 3901:János Kádár 3773:Nemzeti dal 3751:land reform 3739:Péter Veres 3597:Arab Spring 3195:Human chain 3185:Coup d'état 3094:Proletarian 2998:Polish Army 2754:Vietnam War 2744:Berlin Wall 2673:North Korea 2610:Brașov 1987 2578:Prague 1968 2541:Poznań 1956 2394:Warsaw Pact 2353:South Yemen 2331:North Korea 2244:Afghanistan 2164:Byelorussia 2022:László Rajk 2006:bourgeoisie 1936:" from the 1934:Trotskyists 1821:Ferenc Nagy 1435:World War I 1357:Late modern 1250:Reformation 1195:Golden Bull 1039:History of 962:Axis powers 952:During the 932:Soviet Army 925:Warsaw Pact 684:1,130 tanks 569:Béla Király 518:Béla Kovács 458:Pál Maléter 395:János Kádár 382:István Bata 17649:Categories 17578:Television 17543:Literature 17533:Inventions 17384:Hungarians 17374:Healthcare 17264:(currency) 17166:Parliament 16967:Holy Crown 16636:Conditions 16614:Solidarity 16547:opposition 15874:Historians 15865:Space Race 15766:Rudé právo 15720:Propaganda 15576:Neo-Nazism 15546:Chauvinism 15500:Trotskyism 15415:Monetarism 15383:Liberalism 15375:Capitalism 15367:Ideologies 15318:Ostpolitik 15041:Solidarity 15006:Toyota War 14909:Solidarity 14766:Operation 14721:Ogaden War 14410:Dhofar War 14298:Shifta War 14056:Operation 13904:Korean War 13696:Operation 13688:Operation 13680:Operation 13657:Operation 13637:Operation 13629:Operation 13451:Ogaden War 13401:Korean War 13320:Winter War 13189:Heimosodat 12942:Ogaden War 12892:Korean War 12811:Winter War 12680:Heimosodat 12267:Tsardom of 11861:and allies 11793:involving 11681:Tarantino. 10879:14 October 10218:13 October 9902:31 October 9797:10 October 9414:30 October 9173:B0007J7674 8674:7 December 8632:9 December 8361:"Overview" 8150:23 October 7886:20 October 7621:Narrator: 7615:8 February 7405:Narrator: 6881:23 October 6820:11 October 6810:B0007DOQP0 6464:23 October 5625:References 5611:revolution 5604:forradalom 5600:revolution 5350:Ilona Tóth 5261:Mao Zedong 5082:water polo 5067:Tony Blair 4554:Ivan Konev 4528:Ivan Serov 4476:Korean War 4461:Cord Meyer 4387:Suez Canal 4278:Josip Broz 4263:Liu Shaoqi 4255:Mao Zedong 4253:Moreover, 4147:Suez Canal 4093:30 October 3983:Szabad Nép 3978:Angyalföld 3893:Ivan Serov 3872:Szabad Nép 3765:; and all 3735:József Bem 3619:Euromaidan 3567:Bolivarian 3515:Nicaraguan 3495:Guatemalan 3433:Young Turk 3413:Philippine 3242:Nonviolent 3237:Resistance 3212:Insurgency 3122:Nonviolent 3117:From above 3089:Democratic 2764:Afghan War 2717:Korean War 2553:Plzeň 1953 2432:Opposition 2372:Yugoslavia 2326:Mozambique 2224:Uzbekistan 2209:Tajikistan 2179:Kazakhstan 2159:Azerbaijan 2018:show trial 1989:anti-Nazis 1724:Literature 1674:Holy Crown 1644:Hungarians 1624:since 2012 976:, and the 943:Background 851:revolution 801:722 killed 420:Antal Apró 284:Ivan Serov 272:Ivan Konev 94:1956-11-04 90:1956-10-23 82:1956-11-11 78:1956-06-23 17523:Festivals 17404:Languages 17350:Education 17304:Transport 17251:Companies 17183:President 17119:Elections 17073:Mountains 17045:Hydrology 17003:Geography 16695:Die Wende 16668:Economies 16509:Cominform 16492:(to 1948) 16454:(to 1961) 16382:Formation 16372:Communism 16161:Ken Young 16006:Tony Judt 15855:Arms race 15828:Red Scare 15696:NN States 15641:Apartheid 15596:Autocracy 15505:Stalinism 15473:Guevarism 15463:Castroism 15453:Communism 15445:Socialism 14971:Star Wars 14564:Koza riot 13690:Beleaguer 13682:Masterdom 13150:1922–1991 12562:Åland War 12530:Murid War 12369:18th–19th 11936:(1918-19) 11930:(1848-49) 10984:169 pages 10853:8 October 10745:881183403 10673:881183403 10561:5 January 9866:5 January 9835:9 October 8842:158225194 8826:Routledge 8512:, p. 297. 8190:(1958) . 8073:ignored ( 8063:cite book 8053:6 October 8033:, p. 296. 7605:"1956-44" 7435:ignored ( 7425:cite book 6774:7 October 6596:8 October 6516:27 August 6257:9 October 5842:18 August 5816:2471-965X 5773:5 January 5286:Imre Nagy 5222:wrote an 5019:Sri Lanka 5015:Australia 4912:Imre Nagy 4896:Red Cross 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