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1978:. Brand took responsibility for the mishap; because of high noise levels in the cabin during reentry, he believed he was unable to hear Stafford call off one item of the reentry checklist, the closure of two switches which would have automatically shut off the RCS and begun drogue parachute deployment. These procedures were manually performed later than usual, allowing the ingestion of the propellant fumes through the ventilation system.
2413:
1837:), signed certificates, visited each other's ships, ate together, and conversed in each other's languages. (Because of Stafford's pronounced drawl when speaking Russian, Leonov later joked that there were three languages spoken on the mission: Russian, English, and "Oklahomski".) There were also docking and redocking maneuvers, during which the two spacecraft reversed roles and the Soyuz became the "active" ship.
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1077:, "The Soviet and American spacemen will go up into outer space for the first major joint scientific experiment in the history of mankind. They know that from outer space our planet looks even more beautiful. It is big enough for us to live peacefully on it, but it is too small to be threatened by nuclear war". Thus, both sides recognized ASTP as a political act of peace.
1073:, relations between the United States and the USSR began to improve, as did the prognosis for a potential cooperative space mission. Apollo–Soyuz was made possible by the thaw in these relations, and the project itself endeavoured to amplify and solidify the improving relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. According to Soviet leader
2100:
Apollo–Soyuz was the first joint US–Soviet space mission. At the time it was thought that space would become either more international or competitive as a result, but it became both. The mission became symbolic of each country's goals of scientific cooperation, while their news reports downplayed the
1969:
venting from the spacecraft and reentering a cabin air intake. The RCS was inadvertently left on during descent, and the toxic fumes were sucked into the spacecraft as it drew in outside air. Brand briefly lost consciousness, while
Stafford retrieved emergency oxygen masks, put one on Brand, and gave
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ASTP was particularly significant for the USSR's policy of keeping the details of their space program secret from the Soviet people and the world at large, especially
Americans. The ASTP was the first Soviet space mission to be televised in a live fashion during the launch, while in space, and during
1122:
had been designed to minimize risk due to human error by having fewer manual controls with which human operators would have to contend during flight. By contrast, the Apollo spacecraft was designed to be operated by humans and required highly trained astronauts to operate. The Soviet Union criticized
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space stations). It was designed to operate, during the docking phase, at a reduced nitrogen/oxygen pressure of 10.2 psi (70 kPa), allowing easier transfers between the Apollo and Soyuz. Six ASTP-class Soyuz spacecraft were built in total, including the one used. Before the actual mission,
1181:
Not all reactions to ASTP were positive. Many
Americans feared that ASTP was giving the USSR too much credit in their space program, putting them on equal footing with the sophisticated space exploration efforts of NASA. More feared that the apparent peaceful cooperation between the USSR and the
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the landing. Soyuz 19 was also the first Soviet spacecraft to which a foreign flight crew had access before flight; the Apollo crew were permitted to inspect it and the launch and crew training site, which was an unprecedented sharing of information with
Americans about any Soviet space program.
1705:
astronauts selected in 1959, but an irregular heartbeat grounded him until 1972. He became head of NASA's astronaut office and, after a lengthy medical program, selected himself for this mission. At the time, Slayton was the oldest person to fly in space and the one with the longest gap between
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The Soyuz and Apollo flights launched within seven-and-a-half hours of each other on 15 July 1975, and docked on 17 July 1975. Three hours later, the two mission commanders, Stafford and Leonov, exchanged the first international handshake in space through the open hatch of the Soyuz. NASA had
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rely on redundant components — if an instrument fails during flight, our crews switch to another in an attempt to continue the mission. Each Soyuz component, however, is designed for a specific function; if one fails, the cosmonauts land as soon as possible. The Apollo vehicle also relied on
1055:, but after the assassination of Kennedy in November 1963 and Khrushchev's removal from office in October 1964, the competition between the two nations' crewed space programs heated up, and talk of cooperation became less common, due to tense relations and military implications.
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space station, while its other end had the APAS docking collar, which Soyuz 19 carried in place of the standard Soyuz/Salyut system of the time. The APAS collar fitted onto Soyuz 19 was releasable, allowing the two spacecraft to separate in case of malfunction.
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1820:
While the two ships were docked, the three
Americans and two Soviets conducted joint scientific experiments, exchanged flags and gifts (including tree seeds which were later planted in the two countries), listened to each other's music (examples include
1152:, the Manager of the Apollo–Soyuz Test Program, warned them about talking to the press about their dissatisfaction as they had offended the Soviets. NASA was worried that any slight would cause the Soviets to pull out and the mission to be scrapped.
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The
American astronauts had a very low opinion for the Soyuz spacecraft as it was a craft that was designed to be controlled from the ground. This was in stark contrast with the Apollo module that was meant to be flown from the capsule. Eventually
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flight as a rehearsal in order to test the APAS docking mechanism. Another craft was used fully fueled as a "hot backup" at the launch site – later it was disassembled. And the sixth craft was available as a "cold" backup; it was later used on the
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United States would lull people into believing there was no conflict at all between the two superpowers. Some Soviet publicists called
American critics of the mission "demagogues who stand against scientific cooperation with the
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adapters, which differ from the APAS-89 adapters in that they are no longer androgynous; while compatible with the APAS-89 docking collars, they are not capable of acting as the "active" partner in docking.
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The
American and Soviet commanders, Stafford and Leonov, became lasting friends. Leonov was the godfather of Stafford's younger children. Stafford gave a eulogy at Leonov's funeral in October 2019.
1855:. Another brief docking was made before the ships went their separate ways. The Soviets remained in space for two more days, and the Americans for five, during which the Apollo crew also conducted
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1107:: "As long as you stick to space, do anything you want to do. You are free to commit—in fact, I want you to tell your counterparts in Moscow that the President has sent you on this mission".
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ideology, while the United States reported that the Soyuz was technically primitive. High-profile space cooperation declined after the successful mission and became entangled in
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had originally been assigned as the command module pilot for the ASTP prime crew, but he was removed before the official announcement as punishment for his involvement in the
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2191:. The star HD 192273 was later suggested as a candidate for the Pavo observation but further study concluded that the star’s distance and spectral class made this unlikely.
1804:
1043:. The agreement was formally announced at the United Nations on 5 December 1962. It called for cooperation on the exchange of data from weather satellites, a study of the
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Debbora
Battaglia, "Arresting Hospitality: the Case of the 'Handshake in Space'," Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute vol. 18 issue 1 June 2012. pp. S76-S89
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overarched by an arc terminating in the joined Soyuz–Apollo spacecraft. It was damaged when a vehicle collided with it in the late 1990s, and was removed for repairs.
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The Apollo spacecraft was launched with a docking module specially designed to enable the two spacecraft to dock with each other, used only once for this mission. The
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in
Washington, D.C. shows the docked Apollo/Soyuz configuration. The display is made up of Apollo Command and Service Module 105 (used for vibration testing for the
1598:, and similarly bore the call sign "Apollo." Despite this, the press and NASA have referred to the mission as "Apollo 18," but this should not be confused with the
7115:
3633:– tell Soviet scientists, engineers and astronauts – participants of the joint work of American specialists, Politizdat 1976, with a circulation of 100,000 copies.
3319:
1005:
1095:'s letter proposing a cooperative space mission, and there was subsequently a meeting to discuss technical details. At a meeting in January 1971, U.S. President
2151:' cocktail. When the astronauts were told the cocktail was being flown out from London to be enjoyed on their return, they said, "Tell Joe we want it up here".
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American and Soviet engineers settled their differences for a possible docking of American and Soviet spacecraft in meetings between June and December 1971 in
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
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command module pilot, and had served two stints as a backup Skylab commander. The closest he had come to flying prior to ASTP was as commander for the
1186:". In general, tensions between the United States and the USSR had softened, and the project set a precedent for future cooperative projects in space.
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The mission was considered a great success, both technically and as a public-relations exercise for both nations. The only serious problem was during
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superpowers: the United States and the Soviet Union. Tensions ran high between the two world superpowers while the United States was engaged in the
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rocket after launch. The docking module was designed as both an airlock — as the Apollo was pressurized at about 5 psi (34 kPa) using
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The ASTP was the final flight of an Apollo spacecraft. Immediately after the launch of the Apollo spacecraft, preparations began to convert
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selection as an astronaut and first flight into space. Brand, meanwhile, had trained with the Apollo spacecraft during his time as a backup
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Agreement Concerning Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes: Moscow, 24 May 1972. Moscow: NASA, 1972.
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1645:(about 15 psi (100 kPa)) — and an adapter, since the surplus Apollo hardware used for the ASTP mission was not equipped with the
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988:. Meanwhile, the Soviet press was highly critical of the Apollo space missions, printing "the armed intrusion of the United States and
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1594:, its radio call sign was simply "Soyuz" for the duration of the joint mission. The Apollo mission was not a numbered mission of the
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mission several months prior, the third mission to land on the Moon. Each side gave the other little coverage of their achievements.
2314:. All except Leonov participated in a public roundtable that evening. Omega had produced several watches to be used on the mission.
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
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2163:. Across several orbits of observing the instrument discovered two ultraviolet sources; HZ 43 and FEIGE 24, both of which were
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Both sides had severe criticisms of the other side's engineering. Soviet spacecraft were designed with automation in mind; the
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technical prowess of the other. Soviet press implied that it was leading the United States in space flight, tying it to the
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in 1971 (Leonov as commander, Kubasov as the flight engineer), but were grounded because Kubasov was suspected of having
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Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Soviet Space Programs, 1971–75. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1976.
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program), the back-up Docking Module, and a model of the Soyuz spacecraft. An identical Soyuz model is exhibited at the
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The astronauts and cosmonauts assembled this commemorative plaque in orbit as a symbol of the international cooperation.
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The remaining crew's most recent reunion was on 16 July 2010, when Leonov, Kubasov, Stafford, and Brand met at an
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1753:. The two-man crew on the Soyuz was a result of the modifications needed to allow the cosmonauts to wear the
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915:. The pre-flight work provided useful experience for later joint American–Russian space flights, such as the
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The United States spent US$ 245 million ($ 1,390,000,000 today) on the Apollo–Soyuz project and spacecraft.
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After 44 hours together, the two ships separated, and maneuvered to use the Apollo to create an artificial
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Apollo–Soyuz test project operation handbook command service docking modules systems operating procedures
2905:
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2066:
1174:, committing both the USSR and the United States to the launch of the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project in 1975.
1039:, which was formalized in October of that year, the same time the two countries were in the midst of the
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spacecraft. Although the Soyuz was given a mission designation number (Soyuz 19) as part of the ongoing
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made the Soviet Union's policy of détente official in his 1956 doctrine of peaceful coexistence at the
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at the time of the flight; he would retire with three stars in 1979. Slayton was one of the original
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spacecraft used was a variation of the post-Soyuz 11 two-man design, with the batteries replaced by
1657:
for the mission. One end of the docking module was attached to the Apollo using the same "probe-and-
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launch launches from the "milkstool" platform on LC-39B and lifts the American ASTP crew into orbit.
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Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
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2906:"Shuttle Flight Is Lind's First Mission : Astronaut's 19-Year Wait for Space Trip Ends Today"
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Apollo Soyuz Collection, The University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections
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1962:
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American scientists developed four of the experiments performed during the mission. Embryologist
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calculated that the historic handshake would have taken place over the British seaside resort of
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enthusiastically espoused plans for the mission, and expressed these views to NASA administrator
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Agreement Concerning Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes
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The first PMA, PMA-1, remains in use as the interface connecting the Russian-built, NASA-owned
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Soviet space shuttle, the APAS-89 unit was used for the next Russian-American docking mission,
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3401:"Some optical observations of HD 192273 - A proposed identification for a possible EUV source"
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2293:, honoring the United States–Soviet link up in space, on 15 July 1975, the day of the launch.
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1167:(APAS) between the two ships that would allow either to be active or passive during docking.
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two craft were launched uncrewed as Kosmos satellites. The third was launched as the crewed
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space program from 1967 to 1994, designed to give foreign nations access to space missions.
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The amount of money the Soviet Union spent on the ASTP is unknown but likely considerable.
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1990:
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970:(seated) sign an agreement in Moscow paving the way for the Apollo–Soyuz mission, May 1972.
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Apollo/Soyuz test project operational data book. Volume 2: ASTP mass properties data book
3219:
The Politics of Space Security: Strategic Restraint and the Pursuit of National Interests
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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in France. During the first crew exchange, the crews were read a statement from Soviet
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in July 1975. Millions of people around the world watched on television as an American
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analyzed the effects of weightlessness on fish eggs at various stages of development.
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Apollo–Soyuz was the last crewed United States spaceflight for nearly six years until
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Jennifer Ross-Nazzal,"Détente on Earth and in Space: The Apollo–Soyuz Test Project",
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is a shameless trampling underfoot of international law" over a photograph of the
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by the Apollo module to allow instruments on the Soyuz to take photographs of the
907:, performed both joint and separate scientific experiments, including an arranged
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3161:(Report). US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. July 1985. pp. 80–81
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Apollo–Soyuz display at the RKK Energia Museum in Korolyov, Moscow Oblast, Russia
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astronauts in April 1959, but had been grounded until 1972 for medical reasons.
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2187:(also a Binary star). A third possible discovery was an unknown object in the
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of the Apollo craft, during which the crew were accidentally exposed to toxic
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On 19 April, 1971, the USSR launched the first piloted orbital space station,
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1681:. Stafford had already flown into space three times, including within eight
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2990:"From Amur Waves to Pink Floyd: The music preferences of Soviet cosmonauts"
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Discovering the Cosmos with Small Spacecraft The American Explorer Program
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continued to use the same APAS-89 docking hardware through the end of the
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space station. Originally intended as the docking port for the (defunct)
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985:
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180:
3449:"First International Space Crew Reunites for Mission's 35th Anniversary"
3072:
1970:
one to Slayton. The three astronauts were hospitalized for two weeks in
1143:
astronaut piloting to a much greater extent than did the Soyuz machine."
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3607:
International rendezvous and docking mission (Apollo–Soyuz/Salyut) 1971
1950:
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799:
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The Apollo craft carried the SAG telescope designed to observe in the
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938:
on 12 April 1981, and the last crewed United States spaceflight in a
781:
365:
9287:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
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1971:
1779:
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1634:
1126:
The Americans also had their own concerns about Soviet spacecraft.
1059:
981:
842:
794:
3797:
1123:
the Apollo spacecraft as being "extremely complex and dangerous".
837:
capsule. The project, and its handshake in space, was a symbol of
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6692:
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3176:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3100:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2975:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2890:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2869:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2848:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2820:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2709:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2674:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2636:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2536:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2496:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2148:
1738:
1156:
1115:
360:
3752:
History of Space Travel, Episode 13: The Mission of Apollo–Soyuz
3374:"Apollo-Soyuz test project Extreme Ultraviolet Telescope MA-083"
1799:, but a delay resulted in its occurrence being over the city of
1027:
led to a series of discussions led by NASA Deputy Administrator
9117:
8632:
7866:
7797:
7294:
7159:
6565:
6532:
6436:
6087:
5855:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5629:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
4128:
4122:
4117:
4094:
4089:
4072:
3510:
2784:
2371:
2254:
2230:
2184:
2043:
2002:
1975:
1769:
1662:
1658:
1638:
1630:
1160:
44:
A 1973 artist's conception of the docking of the two spacecraft
2139:
To commemorate Apollo–Soyuz, renowned British/Irish bartender
2109:, but it set a precedent of cooperation that continued in the
8935:
8496:
7890:
7663:
7627:
7622:
7413:
6869:
6331:
5687:
5677:
5672:
5667:
3075:"The Partnership: A History of the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project"
2954:"The Partnership: A History of the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project"
2375:
2234:
The Apollo–Soyuz display in the National Air and Space Museum
2092:(USOS), and so the APAS continues in use to this day (2024).
2026:
A derivative (but mechanically incompatible) docking collar,
1856:
1622:
1202:
1170:
By April 1972, both the United States and the USSR signed an
931:
630:
620:
3195:"How historic handshake in space brought superpowers closer"
2261:. A full-size mockup of the two docked spacecraft is at the
2018:
1768:
enabling "solo" flights (missions not docking to one of the
6985:
6062:
3594:
The Partnership: A History of the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project
2664:
The Partnership: A History of the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project
2626:
The Partnership: A History of the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project
2390:, was preserved as a memorial to the Soyuz–Apollo mission.
1800:
1782:
in 1976, but with the APAS docking adapter replaced by the
1650:
1364:'s only space flight. He was chosen as one of the original
1139:
993:
976:
The purpose and catalyst of Apollo–Soyuz was the policy of
65:
3312:"Cocktail king Joe Gilmore, Belfast's barman to the stars"
3247:"Apollo–Soyuz: A cold war handshake in space, 40 years on"
3054:"Jane Oppenheimer Dies at 84; Expert on Embryos and Space"
1851:
to allow the crew of the Soyuz to take photographs of the
6408:
6351:
2035:
1407:
Pete Frank (Orange team), Neil Hutchinson (Silver team),
880:. The unnumbered American vehicle was left over from the
332:
8415:
3700:
25 Years of Progress, Episode 9: Transition Years (1983)
3290:(5th ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. p. 181.
3021:"WAR Is the Answer (and the Question) for Lonnie Jordan"
1923:
Deke Slayton (right) with Leonov in the Soyuz spacecraft
1911:
speaks to the Soviet and American crews on 18 July 1975.
1006:
20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
6954:
3405:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
3269:"Russia bids farewell to first man who walked in space"
2692:
Organization of American Historians Magazine of History
2543:
2386:
The mission control room that hosted the Americans in
2366:
A large Soyuz–Apollo monument was constructed outside
2219:. The descent module of Soyuz 19 is on display at the
1745:
experiments. Both were to have flown on the ill-fated
1008:, the two nations seemed to be in perpetual conflict.
3081:(NASA Special Publication-4209). NASA. Archived from
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
1997:, the United States' next crewed spacecraft program.
1714:
mission mustered to potentially retrieve the crew of
1661:" docking mechanism used on the Lunar Module and the
871:
6187:
2761:
Deke! U.S. Manned Space: From Mercury to the Shuttle
2408:
2370:(the Soviet, later Russian space control center) in
3399:Walborn, Nolan R; Panek, Robert J (December 1980).
3073:Ezell, Edward Clinton; Ezell, Linda Neuman (1978).
2552:"First Moon landing was nearly a US–Soviet mission"
1482:It was the last space mission for Soviet cosmonaut
1206:
American crew insignia for the Apollo/Soyuz mission
3781:is available for free viewing and download at the
3768:is available for free viewing and download at the
3755:is available for free viewing and download at the
3742:is available for free viewing and download at the
3729:is available for free viewing and download at the
3716:is available for free viewing and download at the
3703:is available for free viewing and download at the
3690:is available for free viewing and download at the
3677:is available for free viewing and download at the
3664:is available for free viewing and download at the
2758:
2469:
2242:The Apollo-Soyuz Command Module on display at the
1895:The historic handshake between Stafford and Leonov
1051:. Kennedy interested Khrushchev in a joint crewed
6892:Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps
3018:
2952:Edward Clinton Ezell; Linda Neuman Ezell (1978).
2722:
1718:due to a fuel leak on that mission's Apollo CSM.
737:2 hours, 52 minutes and 33 seconds
700:44 hours, 2 minutes and 51 seconds
9296:
3785:. (several types of media formats are available)
3772:. (several types of media formats are available)
2694:, September 2010, Volume 24, Issue 3, pp. 29–34.
1669:The Apollo flew with a three-man crew on board:
1062:. Meanwhile, the United States had launched the
848:The Americans officially called the mission the
3532:
3526:
2897:
2511:"The First Dryden-Blagonravov Agreement – 1962"
3739:Apollo–Soyuz Test Project Facts, Part C (1975)
3726:Apollo–Soyuz Test Project Facts, Part B (1975)
2749:
27:First international crewed spaceflight mission
9283:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
8401:
6970:
6173:
6136:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
5270:
3813:
3192:
1883:Mission control center in Houston during ASTP
1582:The ASTP entailed the docking of an American
225:Docking Module: 2,012 kg (4,436 lb)
6148:Symbol indicates failure or partial failure
3463:
3398:
3339:
3337:
2001:had already been closed after the launch of
1411:(Crimson team), Frank Littleton (Amber team)
3215:
2605:
2603:
1019:, an exchange of letters between President
8408:
8394:
7349:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
6977:
6963:
6180:
6166:
5355:
5277:
5263:
3850:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
3820:
3806:
3222:. Stanford University Press. p. 181.
2656:
2618:
2132:, discovered in 1977 by Soviet astronomer
746:
38:
8243:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images
6858:Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
3845:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
3424:
3367:
3365:
3334:
2575:
2381:
2374:. It consisted of a metal scale model of
1940:
884:, and was the last Apollo module to fly.
873:Eksperimentalniy polyot "Soyuz"–"Apollon"
3490:
3470:
3285:
2600:
2316:
2295:
2271:
2237:
2229:
2198:
2017:
1573:
1561:
1419:
1201:
1193:
1163:, including Bill Creasy's design of the
955:
949:
862:Экспериментальный полёт «Союз»–«Аполлон»
8328:NASA International Space Apps Challenge
5243:The † sign designates failed missions.
3513:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
3392:
3114:"Brand Takes Blame For Apollo Gas Leak"
2903:
2621:"Chapter 5. Proposal for a Test Flight"
2549:
2194:
1655:Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
1198:Left to right: Slayton, Brand, Stafford
1000:launch in 1971. Although Soviet leader
222:Apollo: 14,768 kg (32,558 lb)
14:
9345:Spacecraft launched by Soyuz-U rockets
9297:
7116:Administrator and Deputy Administrator
3713:Apollo–Soyuz Test Project Facts (1975)
3603:– official NASA history of the mission
3371:
3362:
3343:
3271:. MSN. 15 October 2019. Archived from
3188:
3186:
3019:Gabriel San Roman (23 December 2010).
2211:from the mission is on display at the
1134:, criticized the design of the Soyuz:
9350:Spacecraft launched by Saturn rockets
8389:
7906:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
6958:
6161:
5258:
3801:
3789:Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (1973) Film
3621:– NASA flight operations manual (PDF)
3511:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
3348:. Springer Praxis. pp. 168–169.
3241:
3239:
3051:
2904:Kennedy, J. Michael (29 April 1985).
2076:The PMAs are equipped with the later
1789:
1757:during launch, docking, and reentry.
1685:of the lunar surface as Commander of
1511:
1486:, who had become the first person to
1437:
1297:
1219:
841:between the two superpowers amid the
219:Soyuz: 6,790 kg (14,970 lb)
9325:Soviet Union–United States relations
8368:
5811:50th Anniversary commemorative coins
5241:; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".
5233:Uncrewed missions are designated as
3765:Our Laboratories in Space, episode 7
3372:Bowyer, C.Stuart (15 January 1978).
3118:Florence, AL – Times Daily newspaper
2657:Ezell, Edward; Ezell, Linda (1978).
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2619:Ezell, Edward; Ezell, Linda (1978).
2329:
2259:Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex
2046:, twenty years later as part of the
1737:in March 1965. Kubasov, who flew on
1649:docking collar jointly developed by
1165:Androgynous Peripheral Attach System
1118:were both uncrewed probes, and each
854:Experimental flight "Soyuz"–"Apollo"
6902:Monument to the Conquerors of Space
3827:
3778:Apollo17 On The Shoulders Of Giants
3183:
852:(ASTP) while the Soviets called it
813:was the first crewed international
24:
9335:Spacecraft which reentered in 1975
7022:National Aeronautics and Space Act
6335:(incorporated into Salyut program)
5284:
3572:Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Overview
3236:
2550:Launius, Roger D. (10 July 2019).
1741:in 1969, ran some of the earliest
1552:
25:
9381:
7976:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
7530:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
3793:Texas Archive of the Moving Image
3553:
3318:. 16 January 2016. Archived from
3052:Saxon, Wolfgang (23 March 1996).
2929:
2643:
2291:Apollo–Soyuz commemorative stamps
2280:
2276:Soyuz–Apollo, Issue of 1975, USSR
2167:. Other stars observed included,
1810:, and received a phone call from
1729:. Leonov became the first man to
1584:Apollo command and service module
1047:, and joint tracking of the NASA
570:Apollo–Soyuz Test Project landing
523:Apollo–Soyuz Test Project landing
8367:
8356:
8355:
8271:Apollo 15 postal covers incident
8029:Space Flight Operations Facility
7215:Operations and Checkout Building
6944:Russian Aerospace Defence Forces
6263:
3906:
3652:is available for viewing at the
3625:NASA History Series Publications
3533:Lafleur, Claude (8 March 2010).
3288:Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
3171:
3156:U.S.-Soviet Cooperation in Space
3095:
2970:
2960:from the original on 24 May 2011
2885:
2864:
2843:
2815:
2704:
2669:
2631:
2531:
2491:
2411:
2334:
2301:Apollo–Soyuz, Issue of 1975, USA
1928:
1916:
1900:
1888:
1876:
1871:Soyuz 19 as seen from the Apollo
1864:
1613:were surplus material. Like the
1538:
1521:
1497:
1466:
1447:
1376:Apollo 15 postal covers incident
1341:
1324:
1307:
1267:
1248:
1229:
9310:1975 in international relations
7490:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
6907:Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics
6063:Apollo Lunar Sounder Experiment
3441:
3304:
3279:
3261:
3209:
3148:
3123:
3107:
3066:
3045:
3012:
2982:
2945:
2923:
2876:
2855:
2827:
2799:
2743:
2716:
2393:
887:The three American astronauts,
5888:"Houston, we've had a problem"
5377:Cape Kennedy Air Force Station
5247:designates cancelled missions.
3687:MISSION OF Apollo–Soyuz (1975)
3535:"Costs of US piloted programs"
3193:Kellie Morgan (15 July 2015).
2697:
2612:
2503:
2452:"Apollo Soyuz Program Summary"
2444:
2136:, is named after the mission.
2030:, was launched as part of the
1283:
1189:
1035:. Their 1962 talks led to the
463:Apollo: 24 July 1975, 21:18:24
337:Apollo: 15 July 1975, 19:50:00
107:
13:
1:
6853:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
6131:Stolen and missing Moon rocks
5904:Modular Equipment Transporter
3898:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
3249:. New Scientist. 17 July 2015
2437:
2251:National Air and Space Museum
2154:
2147:'s American Bar created the '
1721:The Soyuz flew with two men:
1557:
1415:
1355:
899:, and two Soviet cosmonauts,
817:, carried out jointly by the
635:231.0 km (143.5 mi)
625:217.0 km (134.8 mi)
449:Soyuz: 21 July 1975, 10:50:51
321:Soyuz: 15 July 1975, 12:20:00
8308:Space program on U.S. stamps
8233:Gemini and Apollo medallions
8183:Solar System Family Portrait
7959:Joint Polar Satellite System
7828:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
7082:Vision for Space Exploration
7052:Space Exploration Initiative
6393:Soviet crewed lunar programs
3505:American Antiquarian Society
3485:American Antiquarian Society
3216:James Moltz (29 June 2011).
3131:"A timeline of ISS missions"
2994:Moscow City official website
2765:. New York: Forge. pp.
2287:United States Postal Service
2095:
2065:to dock to Mir and then the
2013:
1693:to fly into space. He was a
1578:Soyuz as seen from Apollo CM
1457:Second and last spaceflight
1239:Fourth and last spaceflight
1037:Dryden-Blagonravov agreement
7:
9330:Spacecraft launched in 1975
8303:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame
8260:We choose to go to the Moon
8223:Apollo 11 goodwill messages
7781:International Space Station
7761:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
7500:Great Observatories program
7344:International Space Station
7322:Roscosmos State Corporation
7239:Science Mission Directorate
7185:Manned Space Flight Network
6453:International Space Station
6068:Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey
5392:Manned Space Flight Network
3627:(many of which are on-line)
2729:. Internet Archive. Forge.
2404:
2325:
2116:
2071:Pressurized Mating Adapters
2067:International Space Station
1961:fumes, caused by unignited
925:International Space Station
872:
10:
9386:
8120:NASA cameras on spacecraft
7931:James Webb Space Telescope
7843:Solar Dynamics Observatory
7064:U.S. National Space Policy
5451:Command and Service Module
5353:
3286:Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003).
2723:Donald K. Slayton (1994).
2577:10.1038/d41586-019-02088-4
1360:It was American astronaut
1099:'s Foreign Policy Adviser
1082:Soviet Academy of Sciences
9305:Apollo–Soyuz Test Project
9277:
8440:
8351:
8251:
8128:
8043:
7988:
7951:
7750:
7560:
7547:
7477:
7391:
7381:
7336:
7262:
7251:
7195:Vehicle Assembly Building
7103:
7002:
6992:
6933:
6840:
6824:
6773:
6719:
6670:
6626:
6507:
6496:
6476:
6445:
6377:
6309:
6298:
6272:
6261:
6212:
6199:
6144:
6118:
6076:
6011:
5995:
5927:
5896:
5880:
5826:
5752:
5729:
5696:
5648:
5595:
5524:
5478:
5471:
5438:
5400:
5364:
5317:
5309:List of Apollo astronauts
5292:
5231:
5195:
5174:
5023:
4909:
4785:
4597:
4486:
4455:
4408:
4222:
4196:
4170:
4145:
4033:
3924:
3915:
3904:
3858:
3835:
3451:. Space.com. 16 July 2010
2667:. Washington, D.C.: NASA.
2629:. Washington, D.C.: NASA.
2343:This section needs to be
2244:California Science Center
2213:California Science Center
2069:, the latter through the
2008:
1987:Vehicle Assembly Building
1859:observation experiments.
1633:, while the Soyuz used a
1536:
1533:
1519:
1516:
1464:
1461:
1445:
1442:
1424:Leonov (left) and Kubasov
1339:
1336:
1322:
1319:
1305:
1302:
1265:
1262:
1246:
1243:
1227:
1224:
1049:Echo II balloon satellite
861:
850:Apollo–Soyuz Test Project
745:
741:
733:
721:
709:
704:
696:
684:
672:
667:
663:
659:
649:
639:
629:
619:
609:
599:
594:
590:
586:
481:
442:
416:
411:
407:
403:
372:
355:
314:
309:
305:
301:
255:
245:
240:
236:
232:
212:
198:
173:
168:
164:
160:
143:
126:
104:
75:
61:
53:
49:
37:
9315:1975 in the Soviet Union
8266:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
8190:The Day the Earth Smiled
7525:Solar Terrestrial Probes
6984:
6939:Space industry of Russia
3661:The Apollo–Soyuz Mission
3587:25 February 2021 at the
3062:– via NYTimes.com.
1831:Why Can't We Be Friends?
1780:last "solo" Soyuz flight
1274:Donald K. "Deke" Slayton
882:canceled Apollo missions
9232:Ji Shu Shiyan Weixing 2
8926:Ji Shu Shiyan Weixing 1
8323:Other primates in space
8035:Deep Space Atomic Clock
7855:Mars Science Laboratory
7643:Spitzer Space Telescope
7232:Lunar Sample Laboratory
7175:Launch Services Program
6461:Russian Orbital Segment
3599:23 January 2011 at the
3577:ASTP NASA site archived
3135:www.russianspaceweb.com
2225:Korolyov, Moscow Oblast
1963:reaction control system
1699:United States Air Force
207:North American Rockwell
8338:National Astronaut Day
8281:The Astronaut Monument
8103:Space Shuttle missions
7803:Mars Exploration Rover
7786:Hubble Space Telescope
7695:Kepler space telescope
7495:Earth Observing System
7469:Mars Exploration Rover
7180:Mercury Control Center
6126:Lunar orbit rendezvous
5987:Postal covers incident
5977:Hadley Rille meteorite
5851:Bench Crater meteorite
5372:Mission Control Center
3840:List of Soyuz missions
3344:Harvey, Brian (2018).
2517:. NASA. Archived from
2382:Mission Control Center
2322:
2321:Apollo–Soyuz medallion
2303:
2277:
2246:
2235:
2204:
2023:
1967:hypergolic propellants
1941:Re-entry and aftermath
1786:multispectral camera.
1600:canceled lunar mission
1579:
1571:
1490:during the March 1965
1425:
1207:
1199:
1145:
1069:With the close of the
1045:Earth's magnetic field
971:
725:19 July 1975, 15:26:12
713:19 July 1975, 12:33:39
688:19 July 1975, 12:12:00
676:17 July 1975, 16:09:09
559:22.01000°N 163.01250°W
467:1975-07-24UTC21:18:25Z
453:1975-07-21UTC10:50:52Z
57:Cooperative/scientific
9320:Crewed Soyuz missions
8286:Lunar sample displays
8276:Space Mirror Memorial
8218:Voyager Golden Record
8110:United States rockets
7302: (with the
7210:Launch Control Center
6193:Russian space program
5796:Lunar sample displays
3866:Soyuz (rocket family)
2932:"Blast-off to Bognor"
2320:
2299:
2275:
2241:
2233:
2209:Apollo Command Module
2202:
2090:US segment of the ISS
2063:Space Shuttle program
2034:module of the Soviet
2022:Apollo–Soyuz painting
2021:
1617:, the docking module
1577:
1565:
1545:Nikolai Rukavishnikov
1423:
1337:Docking Module Pilot
1320:Command Module Pilot
1263:Docking Module Pilot
1244:Command Module Pilot
1205:
1197:
1136:
1031:and Soviet scientist
959:
950:Historical background
600:Reference system
169:Spacecraft properties
9173:Fanhui Shi Weixing 2
8424:Orbital launches in
7304:Soviet space program
7222:Johnson Space Center
7190:Kennedy Space Center
7153:spinoff technologies
6255:Vostochny Cosmodrome
6046:Lunar sample display
6036:Nansen-Apollo crater
5463:Lunar Roving Vehicle
5439:Spacecraft and rover
5387:Kennedy Space Center
4041:Zond lunar programme
3918:(by spacecraft type)
3565:16 June 2013 at the
2195:Spacecraft locations
1991:Kennedy Space Center
1689:, and was the first
1586:(CSM) with a Soviet
1132:Johnson Space Center
1128:Christopher C. Kraft
1041:Cuban Missile Crisis
564:22.01000; -163.01250
70:Soviet space program
8313:Apollo 17 Moon mice
8169:Pillars of Creation
8076:Space Shuttle crews
7554:(human and robotic)
7548:Individual featured
7131:Ranks and positions
6880:Veterok and Ugolyok
6247:Svobodny Cosmodrome
6242:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
6220:Baikonur Cosmodrome
5909:Fra Mauro formation
5870:Streptococcus mitis
5382:Crawler-transporter
3876:Baikonur Cosmodrome
3674:Apollo Soyuz (1975)
3615:– NASA report (PDF)
3609:– NASA report (PDF)
3417:1980PASP...92..803W
3322:on 10 February 2023
3275:on 1 November 2019.
3079:NASA History Series
3000:on 30 November 2021
2568:2019Natur.571..167L
2515:NASA History Series
2310:timepiece store in
2221:RKK Energiya museum
2161:extreme ultraviolet
2111:Shuttle–Mir Program
2048:Shuttle–Mir program
1955:monomethylhydrazine
1827:Maya Kristalinskaya
1743:space manufacturing
1625:upper-stage of the
1619:had to be retrieved
1615:Apollo Lunar Module
1609:launch vehicle and
1528:Anatoly Filipchenko
1503:
1476:Second spaceflight
1429:
1289:
1211:
1033:Anatoly Blagonravov
1023:and Soviet Premier
554: /
507: /
425:Soviet Armed Forces
341:1975-07-15UTC19:50Z
325:1975-07-15UTC12:20Z
34:
9360:Thomas P. Stafford
8115:NASA cancellations
8010:Deep Space Network
8000:Near Earth Network
7485:Living With a Star
7459:Project Prometheus
7439:Planetary Observer
6926:(1997 documentary)
6918:(1995 documentary)
6915:Out of the Present
6848:List of cosmonauts
6825:Images and artwork
6765:Deep Space Network
6412:(Mars/Venus flyby)
6051:Lunar basalt 70017
6012:Apollo 17 specific
5996:Apollo 16 specific
5928:Apollo 15 specific
5897:Apollo 14 specific
5881:Apollo 13 specific
5827:Apollo 12 specific
5818:In popular culture
5786:Little West crater
5753:Apollo 11 specific
5148:(uncrewed landing)
4355:(uncrewed landing)
3871:Soyuz (spacecraft)
3650:of ASTP Highlights
3537:. The Space Review
3059:The New York Times
2835:"HEASARC Missions"
2456:mannedspaceops.org
2419:Spaceflight portal
2323:
2304:
2278:
2267:Hutchinson, Kansas
2247:
2236:
2205:
2189:Pavo constellation
2024:
1959:nitrogen tetroxide
1790:Launch and mission
1643:sea level pressure
1580:
1572:
1502:
1428:
1426:
1394:Robert F. Overmyer
1288:
1258:First spaceflight
1236:Thomas P. Stafford
1210:
1208:
1200:
1130:, director of the
1090:NASA Administrator
972:
963:Richard Nixon and
944:Crew Dragon Demo-2
909:eclipse of the Sun
889:Thomas P. Stafford
595:Orbital parameters
283:Thomas P. Stafford
136:Apollo: 9d 01h 28m
32:
9292:
9291:
8383:
8382:
8296:stolen or missing
8093:uncrewed missions
8071:Apollo astronauts
8066:Gemini astronauts
7984:
7983:
7768:2001 Mars Odyssey
7543:
7542:
7419:Mars Surveyor '98
7377:
7376:
7320: (with
7253:Human spaceflight
7247:
7246:
7205:Launch Complex 48
7200:Launch Complex 39
6952:
6951:
6875:Belka and Strelka
6865:Soviet space dogs
6727:Sputnik programme
6715:
6714:
6648:
6603:
6582:
6561:
6492:
6491:
6457:
6413:
6405:
6397:
6389:
6361:
6348:
6336:
6300:Human spaceflight
6251:
6228:
6155:
6154:
5791:Goodwill messages
5730:Apollo 8 specific
5725:
5724:
5446:Apollo spacecraft
5365:Ground facilities
5335:Launch Complex 39
5330:Launch Complex 37
5325:Launch Complex 34
5302:canceled missions
5252:
5251:
5170:
5169:
5157:(uncrewed launch)
4370:(uncrewed launch)
4181:Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1
4156:Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1
3893:Soyuz abort modes
3229:978-0-8047-7858-9
3085:on 23 August 2007
3033:on 2 October 2015
2910:Los Angeles Times
2736:978-0-312-85503-1
2562:(7764): 167–168.
2364:
2363:
2249:A display at the
2130:2228 Soyuz-Apollo
1805:General Secretary
1695:brigadier general
1550:
1549:
1480:
1479:
1353:
1352:
1281:
1280:
1277:Only spaceflight
1080:In October 1970,
1025:Nikita Khrushchev
1002:Nikita Khrushchev
870:
808:
807:
512:50.783°N 67.117°E
133:Soyuz: 5d 22h 30m
16:(Redirected from
9377:
9340:July 1975 events
9066:Intelsat IVA F-1
8616:Soyuz 7K-T No.39
8429:
8428:
8427:
8410:
8403:
8396:
8387:
8386:
8371:
8370:
8359:
8358:
8197:Fallen Astronaut
7838:Van Allen Probes
7558:
7557:
7464:Mars Exploration
7389:
7388:
7260:
7259:
7028:Space Task Group
7000:
6999:
6979:
6972:
6965:
6956:
6955:
6897:Cosmonauts Alley
6760:Luch (satellite)
6646:
6618:
6601:
6580:
6559:
6505:
6504:
6455:
6411:
6403:
6395:
6387:
6359:
6346:
6334:
6307:
6306:
6267:
6249:
6222:
6182:
6175:
6168:
6159:
6158:
6058:Troctolite 76535
5961:Fallen Astronaut
5940:Lunar operations
5776:Tranquility Base
5683:Pad Abort Test-2
5663:Pad Abort Test-1
5476:
5475:
5359:
5318:Launch complexes
5297:List of missions
5279:
5272:
5265:
5256:
5255:
5175:Current missions
5158:
5149:
5105:
4613:
4513:
4443:
4371:
4356:
4295:
3991:
3946:
3941:Soyuz 7K-OK No.1
3922:
3921:
3910:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3799:
3798:
3783:Internet Archive
3770:Internet Archive
3757:Internet Archive
3744:Internet Archive
3731:Internet Archive
3718:Internet Archive
3705:Internet Archive
3692:Internet Archive
3679:Internet Archive
3666:Internet Archive
3654:Internet Archive
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3508:
3502:
3488:
3482:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3428:
3411:(550): 803–805.
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3369:
3360:
3359:
3341:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3190:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3127:
3121:
3120:, 10 August 1975
3111:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3029:. Archived from
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2996:. Archived from
2986:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2930:Jones, Phillip.
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2764:
2755:Cassutt, Michael
2747:
2741:
2740:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2688:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2654:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2579:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2521:on 1 August 2020
2507:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2488:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2448:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2388:Korolyov, Russia
2359:
2356:
2350:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2169:Proxima Centauri
2134:Nikolai Chernykh
2107:linkage politics
2103:Marxist–Leninist
1932:
1920:
1904:
1892:
1880:
1868:
1842:Jane Oppenheimer
1755:Sokol space suit
1543:
1542:
1534:Flight Engineer
1526:
1525:
1504:
1501:
1471:
1470:
1462:Flight Engineer
1452:
1451:
1430:
1427:
1404:Flight directors
1398:Richard H. Truly
1346:
1345:
1329:
1328:
1312:
1311:
1290:
1287:
1272:
1271:
1253:
1252:
1234:
1233:
1212:
1209:
1120:Soyuz spacecraft
1086:Mstislav Keldysh
980:between the two
946:on 30 May 2020.
932:the first launch
875:
865:
863:
750:
728:
716:
691:
679:
621:Perigee altitude
604:Geocentric orbit
578:
577:
575:
574:
573:
571:
566:
565:
560:
555:
552:
551:
550:
547:
531:
530:
528:
527:
526:
524:
519:
518:
513:
508:
505:
504:
503:
500:
473:
470:
468:
459:
456:
454:
347:
344:
342:
331:
328:
326:
310:Start of mission
144:Orbits completed
127:Mission duration
109:
97:
89:
42:
35:
31:
21:
9385:
9384:
9380:
9379:
9378:
9376:
9375:
9374:
9295:
9294:
9293:
9288:
9273:
9269:Molniya-3 No.15
9143:Molniya-3 No.13
8809:Molniya-1 No.24
8730:Intelsat IV F-1
8650:Molniya-3 No.12
8589:Nauka-5KSA No.4
8513:Intelsat IV F-6
8436:
8435:
8425:
8423:
8422:
8420:
8414:
8384:
8379:
8347:
8247:
8238:Mission patches
8213:Pioneer plaques
8176:Mystic Mountain
8153:Family Portrait
8146:The Blue Marble
8130:
8124:
8098:Apollo missions
8039:
7991:
7980:
7947:
7752:
7746:
7583:Mercury-Atlas 6
7553:
7549:
7539:
7473:
7409:Mariner Mark II
7373:
7354:Commercial Crew
7332:
7255:
7243:
7227:Mission Control
7126:Astronaut Corps
7121:Chief Scientist
7099:
7004:
6988:
6983:
6953:
6948:
6929:
6836:
6832:Mission patches
6820:
6769:
6711:
6666:
6622:
6616:
6500:
6488:
6472:
6441:
6373:
6302:
6294:
6273:Launch vehicles
6268:
6259:
6208:
6195:
6186:
6156:
6151:
6140:
6114:
6080:
6072:
6020:The Blue Marble
6007:
5991:
5982:Seatbelt basalt
5955:Hadley–Apennine
5950:Return to Earth
5945:Solo operations
5923:
5892:
5876:
5844:Surveyor crater
5834:Statio Cognitum
5822:
5760:Command Module
5748:
5744:Genesis reading
5721:
5692:
5644:
5605:Saturn-Apollo 1
5597:
5591:
5520:
5467:
5434:
5401:Launch vehicles
5396:
5360:
5351:
5313:
5288:
5283:
5253:
5248:
5242:
5227:
5196:Future missions
5191:
5166:
5156:
5147:
5103:
5019:
4905:
4781:
4611:
4593:
4511:
4482:
4451:
4437:
4404:
4369:
4354:
4293:
4218:
4192:
4166:
4141:
4038:
4029:
3989:
3944:
3917:
3911:
3902:
3854:
3831:
3829:Soyuz programme
3826:
3775:The short film
3762:The short film
3749:The short film
3736:The short film
3723:The short film
3710:The short film
3697:The short film
3684:The short film
3671:The short film
3658:The short film
3601:Wayback Machine
3589:Wayback Machine
3567:Wayback Machine
3560:ASTP Chronology
3556:
3551:
3550:
3540:
3538:
3531:
3527:
3517:
3515:
3500:
3492:McCusker, J. J.
3480:
3472:McCusker, J. J.
3468:
3464:
3454:
3452:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3342:
3335:
3325:
3323:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3298:
3284:
3280:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3252:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3214:
3210:
3200:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3172:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3112:
3108:
3096:
3088:
3086:
3071:
3067:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3017:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2971:
2963:
2961:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2902:
2898:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2844:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2816:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2777:
2751:Slayton, Donald
2748:
2744:
2737:
2721:
2717:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2689:
2682:
2670:
2655:
2644:
2632:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2601:
2548:
2544:
2532:
2524:
2522:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2492:
2489:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2396:
2384:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2283:
2197:
2157:
2145:The Savoy Hotel
2119:
2098:
2016:
2011:
1993:for use by the
1943:
1936:
1933:
1924:
1921:
1912:
1907:U.S. President
1905:
1896:
1893:
1884:
1881:
1872:
1869:
1808:Leonid Brezhnev
1792:
1760:The ASTP-class
1691:general officer
1592:Soyuz programme
1560:
1555:
1553:Mission summary
1537:
1520:
1500:
1475:
1465:
1456:
1446:
1418:
1358:
1340:
1323:
1306:
1286:
1276:
1266:
1257:
1247:
1238:
1228:
1192:
1101:Henry Kissinger
1093:Thomas O. Paine
1075:Leonid Brezhnev
1021:John F. Kennedy
974:
973:
952:
804:
803:
797:
790:
788:Soyuz programme
785:
784:
777:
760:
751:
726:
714:
689:
677:
631:Apogee altitude
614:Low Earth orbit
582:
569:
567:
563:
561:
557:
556:
553:
548:
545:
543:
541:
540:
539:, near Hawaii (
522:
520:
516:
514:
510:
509:
506:
501:
498:
496:
494:
493:
477:
471:
466:
464:
457:
452:
450:
438:
399:
363:
351:
345:
340:
338:
329:
324:
322:
297:
250:
228:
205:
194:
156:
139:
122:
100:
93:
85:
68:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9383:
9373:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9347:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9312:
9307:
9290:
9289:
9278:
9275:
9274:
9272:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9212:Interkosmos 14
9209:
9202:
9195:
9190:
9185:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9083:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9046:Meteor-M No.28
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8744:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8725:Nauka-9KS No.2
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8611:
8606:
8604:Meteor-M No.31
8601:
8599:Interkosmos 13
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8441:
8438:
8437:
8431:
8416:
8413:
8412:
8405:
8398:
8390:
8381:
8380:
8378:
8377:
8365:
8352:
8349:
8348:
8346:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8333:Astronauts Day
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8299:
8298:
8293:
8283:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8255:
8253:
8249:
8248:
8246:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8193:
8186:
8179:
8172:
8165:
8164:
8163:
8149:
8142:
8134:
8132:
8126:
8125:
8123:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8106:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8085:
8080:
8079:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8047:
8045:
8041:
8040:
8038:
8037:
8032:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8007:
8002:
7996:
7994:
7992:and navigation
7990:Communications
7986:
7985:
7982:
7981:
7979:
7978:
7973:
7970:Europa Clipper
7966:
7961:
7955:
7953:
7949:
7948:
7946:
7945:
7940:
7939:
7938:
7928:
7927:
7926:
7921:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7876:
7869:
7864:
7863:
7862:
7852:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7819:
7818:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7771:
7764:
7756:
7754:
7748:
7747:
7745:
7744:
7743:
7742:
7729:
7722:
7717:
7716:
7715:
7710:
7697:
7692:
7685:
7678:
7673:
7666:
7661:
7653:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7619:
7618:
7606:
7599:
7592:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7564:
7562:
7555:
7545:
7544:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7481:
7479:
7475:
7474:
7472:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7424:New Millennium
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7395:
7393:
7386:
7379:
7378:
7375:
7374:
7372:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7340:
7338:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7330:
7325:
7312:
7307:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7266:
7264:
7257:
7249:
7248:
7245:
7244:
7242:
7241:
7236:
7235:
7234:
7229:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7156:
7155:
7145:
7140:
7139:
7138:
7133:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7107:
7105:
7101:
7100:
7098:
7097:
7091:
7085:
7079:
7073:
7067:
7061:
7055:
7049:
7043:
7037:
7031:
7025:
7019:
7012:
7010:
6997:
6990:
6989:
6982:
6981:
6974:
6967:
6959:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6941:
6934:
6931:
6930:
6928:
6927:
6923:Mission to Mir
6919:
6911:
6910:
6909:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6887:Ivan Ivanovich
6884:
6883:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6862:
6861:
6860:
6850:
6844:
6842:
6838:
6837:
6835:
6834:
6828:
6826:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6777:
6775:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6756:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6723:
6721:
6720:Communications
6717:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6697:
6696:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6674:
6672:
6671:In development
6668:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6641:
6636:
6630:
6628:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6620:
6611:
6605:
6596:
6590:
6587:Resurs-DK No.1
6584:
6575:
6569:
6563:
6557:Phobos program
6554:
6548:
6542:
6536:
6530:
6527:Luna programme
6524:
6518:
6511:
6509:
6502:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6480:
6478:
6477:In development
6474:
6473:
6471:
6470:
6465:
6464:
6463:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6406:
6398:
6396:(Moon landing)
6390:
6381:
6379:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6362:
6354:
6349:
6341:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6313:
6311:
6304:
6296:
6295:
6293:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6276:
6274:
6270:
6269:
6262:
6260:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6216:
6214:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6206:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6185:
6184:
6177:
6170:
6162:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6107:
6106:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6084:
6082:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6054:
6053:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6026:Taurus–Littrow
6023:
6015:
6013:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6005:
5999:
5997:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5931:
5929:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5900:
5898:
5894:
5893:
5891:
5890:
5884:
5882:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5865:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5830:
5828:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5815:
5814:
5813:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5765:
5756:
5754:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5741:
5733:
5731:
5727:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5703:
5701:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5654:
5652:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5601:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5482:
5480:
5473:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5442:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5410:
5404:
5402:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5342:
5332:
5327:
5321:
5319:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5286:Apollo program
5282:
5281:
5274:
5267:
5259:
5250:
5249:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5199:
5197:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5150:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5030:
5028:
5027:(2016–present)
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4916:
4914:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4792:
4790:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4604:
4602:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4550:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4505:
4500:
4493:
4491:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4474:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4415:
4413:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4363:
4357:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4312:
4307:
4301:
4296:
4287:
4282:
4276:
4271:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4229:
4227:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4210:
4203:
4201:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4184:
4177:
4175:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4152:
4150:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4075:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4031:
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4028:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3947:
3938:
3931:
3929:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3905:
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3901:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3825:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3786:
3773:
3760:
3747:
3734:
3721:
3708:
3695:
3682:
3669:
3656:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3631:«Apollo–Soyuz»
3628:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3591:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3555:
3554:External links
3552:
3549:
3548:
3525:
3509:1800–present:
3462:
3440:
3426:10.1086/130753
3391:
3361:
3354:
3333:
3316:The Irish News
3303:
3296:
3278:
3260:
3235:
3228:
3208:
3182:
3147:
3122:
3106:
3065:
3044:
3011:
2981:
2944:
2922:
2896:
2875:
2854:
2826:
2807:"Apollo–Soyuz"
2798:
2775:
2742:
2735:
2715:
2696:
2680:
2642:
2611:
2599:
2542:
2502:
2468:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2423:
2422:
2406:
2403:
2395:
2392:
2383:
2380:
2362:
2361:
2342:
2340:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2282:
2281:Commemorations
2279:
2196:
2193:
2156:
2153:
2118:
2115:
2097:
2094:
2088:module to the
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1915:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1863:
1812:U.S. President
1791:
1788:
1727:Valery Kubasov
1683:nautical miles
1641:atmosphere at
1596:Apollo program
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1499:
1496:
1478:
1477:
1473:Valery Kubasov
1463:
1459:
1458:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1390:Robert Crippen
1386:Karol J. Bobko
1383:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1255:Vance D. Brand
1245:
1241:
1240:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1191:
1188:
1017:orbital flight
968:Alexei Kosygin
965:Soviet Premier
961:U.S. President
954:
953:
951:
948:
905:Valery Kubasov
893:Vance D. Brand
833:with a Soviet
806:
805:
798:
792:
791:
786:
779:
778:
775:Apollo program
773:
743:
742:
739:
738:
735:
731:
730:
723:
722:Undocking date
719:
718:
711:
707:
706:
702:
701:
698:
694:
693:
686:
685:Undocking date
682:
681:
674:
670:
669:
665:
664:
661:
660:
657:
656:
653:
647:
646:
643:
637:
636:
633:
627:
626:
623:
617:
616:
611:
607:
606:
601:
597:
596:
592:
591:
588:
587:
584:
583:
581:
580:
533:
517:50.783; 67.117
485:
483:
479:
478:
476:
475:
461:
446:
444:
440:
439:
437:
436:
427:
420:
418:
414:
413:
412:End of mission
409:
408:
405:
404:
401:
400:
398:
397:
387:
376:
374:
370:
369:
357:
353:
352:
350:
349:
335:
318:
316:
312:
311:
307:
306:
303:
302:
299:
298:
296:
295:
290:
288:Vance D. Brand
285:
280:
275:
273:Valeri Kubasov
270:
265:
259:
257:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
238:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:
227:
226:
223:
220:
216:
214:
210:
209:
200:
196:
195:
193:
192:
191:Docking Module
189:
187:Apollo CSM-111
184:
177:
175:
171:
170:
166:
165:
162:
161:
158:
157:
155:
154:
151:
147:
145:
141:
140:
138:
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134:
130:
128:
124:
123:
121:
120:
117:
113:
111:
102:
101:
99:
98:
90:
81:
79:
73:
72:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
47:
46:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9382:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9355:Alexei Leonov
9353:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
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9321:
9318:
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9313:
9311:
9308:
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9300:
9286:
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9276:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
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9235:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
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9196:
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9149:
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9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9113:
9112:E-8-5M No.412
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8901:
8897:
8895:
8894:Meteor-2 No.1
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8799:
8798:DS-U3-IK No.5
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8742:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8645:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8618:
8617:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8514:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8447:
8443:
8442:
8439:
8434:
8430:
8419:
8411:
8406:
8404:
8399:
8397:
8392:
8391:
8388:
8376:
8375:
8366:
8364:
8363:
8354:
8353:
8350:
8344:
8343:Nikon NASA F4
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8288:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8261:
8257:
8256:
8254:
8250:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8228:NASA insignia
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8208:Lunar plaques
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8198:
8194:
8192:
8191:
8187:
8185:
8184:
8180:
8178:
8177:
8173:
8171:
8170:
8166:
8162:
8161:
8160:Pale Blue Dot
8157:
8156:
8155:
8154:
8150:
8148:
8147:
8143:
8141:
8140:
8136:
8135:
8133:
8127:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8090:
8089:
8088:NASA missions
8086:
8084:
8083:NASA aircraft
8081:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8053:
8052:
8049:
8048:
8046:
8042:
8036:
8033:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8005:Space Network
8003:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7993:
7987:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7971:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7950:
7944:
7941:
7937:
7934:
7933:
7932:
7929:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7918:
7914:
7913:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7881:
7877:
7875:
7874:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7861:
7858:
7857:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7850:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7817:
7814:
7813:
7812:
7810:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7793:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7776:
7772:
7770:
7769:
7765:
7763:
7762:
7758:
7757:
7755:
7749:
7741:
7738:
7737:
7736:
7734:
7730:
7728:
7727:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7690:
7686:
7684:
7683:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7671:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7658:
7654:
7652:
7650:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7638:Space Shuttle
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7617:
7614:
7613:
7612:
7611:
7607:
7605:
7604:
7600:
7598:
7597:
7593:
7591:
7590:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7565:
7563:
7559:
7556:
7552:
7546:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7520:New Frontiers
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7482:
7480:
7476:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7429:Lunar Orbiter
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7396:
7394:
7390:
7387:
7384:
7380:
7370:
7369:Lunar Gateway
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7335:
7329:
7328:Constellation
7326:
7323:
7319:
7318:
7313:
7311:
7310:Space Shuttle
7308:
7305:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7275:
7271:
7268:
7267:
7265:
7261:
7258:
7254:
7250:
7240:
7237:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7220:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7192:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7154:
7151:
7150:
7149:
7148:NASA research
7146:
7144:
7141:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7128:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7102:
7095:
7092:
7089:
7086:
7083:
7080:
7077:
7074:
7071:
7068:
7065:
7062:
7059:
7056:
7053:
7050:
7047:
7044:
7041:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7029:
7026:
7023:
7020:
7017:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7001:
6998:
6995:
6991:
6987:
6980:
6975:
6973:
6968:
6966:
6961:
6960:
6957:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6936:
6935:
6932:
6925:
6924:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6912:
6908:
6905:
6904:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6866:
6863:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6839:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6823:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6781:Baikal-Angara
6779:
6778:
6776:
6772:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6730:
6729:(begun 1957)
6728:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6718:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6669:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6625:
6615:
6612:
6609:
6606:
6600:
6597:
6594:
6593:Koronas-Foton
6591:
6588:
6585:
6579:
6576:
6573:
6570:
6567:
6564:
6558:
6555:
6552:
6549:
6546:
6543:
6540:
6537:
6534:
6531:
6528:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6516:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6506:
6503:
6499:
6495:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6475:
6469:
6466:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6444:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6410:
6407:
6402:
6399:
6394:
6391:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6376:
6370:
6366:
6363:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6297:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6271:
6266:
6256:
6253:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6226:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6211:
6205:
6202:
6201:
6198:
6194:
6190:
6183:
6178:
6176:
6171:
6169:
6164:
6163:
6160:
6147:
6146:
6143:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6111:
6108:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6052:
6049:
6048:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6041:Shorty crater
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6021:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6010:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5926:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5895:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5879:
5873:
5871:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5825:
5819:
5816:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5807:
5806:Anniversaries
5804:
5802:
5801:Missing tapes
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5781:Double crater
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5768:Lunar Module
5766:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5751:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5728:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5695:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5651:
5647:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5594:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5523:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5474:
5470:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5408:Little Joe II
5406:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5358:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
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1484:Alexei Leonov
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1097:Richard Nixon
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1088:responded to
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992:puppets into
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940:space capsule
937:
936:Space Shuttle
933:
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901:Alexei Leonov
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819:United States
816:
815:space mission
812:
802: →
801:
796:
793:←
789:
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780:←
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537:Pacific Ocean
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41:
36:
30:
19:
9365:Deke Slayton
9284:
9280:
9264:Meteor No.38
9259:Gran' No.11L
9246:
9242:Molniya-2-15
9204:
9197:
9110:
8981:Molniya-2-14
8971:Molniya-1-31
8900:Apollo–Soyuz
8899:
8898:
8889:Molniya-2-13
8796:
8739:
8685:Molniya-1-29
8642:
8614:
8613:
8511:
8487:Molniya-2-12
8444:
8373:
8361:
8195:
8188:
8182:
8174:
8167:
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8137:
7968:
7917:Perseverance
7916:
7878:
7871:
7848:
7808:
7791:
7775:New Horizons
7773:
7766:
7759:
7732:
7724:
7700:
7688:
7681:
7668:
7656:
7648:
7609:
7601:
7594:
7587:
7316:
7300:Apollo–Soyuz
7299:
6921:
6913:
6699:
6551:Vega program
6539:Zond program
6388:(Moon flyby)
6385:Zond (7K-L1)
6344:Soyuz-Apollo
6343:
6237:Kapustin Yar
6213:Launch sites
6110:Apollo–Soyuz
6109:
6031:Tracy's Rock
6018:
5967:Genesis Rock
5959:
5869:
5860:
5769:
5761:
5736:
5456:Lunar Module
5244:
5238:
5234:
4440:Apollo–Soyuz
4439:
4198:Soyuz 7K-OKS
4172:Soyuz 7K-LOK
4147:Soyuz 7K-L1E
4134:
4127:
3777:
3764:
3751:
3738:
3725:
3712:
3699:
3686:
3673:
3660:
3648:A film clip
3582:Apollo–Soyuz
3539:. Retrieved
3528:
3516:. Retrieved
3496:
3476:
3465:
3453:. Retrieved
3443:
3408:
3404:
3394:
3382:. Retrieved
3377:
3345:
3324:. Retrieved
3320:the original
3315:
3306:
3287:
3281:
3273:the original
3263:
3251:. Retrieved
3218:
3211:
3199:. Retrieved
3163:. Retrieved
3150:
3138:. Retrieved
3134:
3125:
3117:
3109:
3087:. Retrieved
3083:the original
3078:
3068:
3057:
3047:
3035:. Retrieved
3031:the original
3024:
3014:
3002:. Retrieved
2998:the original
2993:
2984:
2962:. Retrieved
2947:
2935:. Retrieved
2925:
2913:. Retrieved
2909:
2899:
2878:
2857:
2838:
2829:
2810:
2801:
2760:
2745:
2725:
2718:
2699:
2691:
2663:
2625:
2614:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2523:. Retrieved
2519:the original
2514:
2505:
2459:. Retrieved
2455:
2446:
2400:
2397:
2394:Program cost
2385:
2365:
2352:
2344:
2305:
2284:
2248:
2206:
2165:White dwarfs
2158:
2138:
2123:
2120:
2099:
2083:
2075:
2056:
2054:, in 1993).
2025:
1980:
1944:
1853:solar corona
1846:
1839:
1819:
1797:Bognor Regis
1793:
1766:solar panels
1759:
1751:tuberculosis
1720:
1679:Deke Slayton
1671:Tom Stafford
1668:
1604:
1581:
1481:
1382:Support crew
1372:Jack Swigert
1370:
1362:Deke Slayton
1359:
1331:Ronald Evans
1180:
1176:
1169:
1154:
1150:Glynn Lunney
1146:
1137:
1125:
1109:
1079:
1068:
1057:
1053:Moon landing
1010:
975:
929:
918:
913:solar corona
897:Deke Slayton
886:
877:
853:
849:
847:
823:Soviet Union
811:Apollo–Soyuz
810:
809:
710:Docking date
673:Docking date
482:Landing site
443:Landing date
432:
417:Recovered by
293:Deke Slayton
277:
262:
199:Manufacturer
119:Apollo: 8032
54:Mission type
33:Apollo–Soyuz
29:
9153:Explorer 55
9091:Explorer 54
8961:Symphonie 2
8690:Explorer 53
8203:Deep fields
8131:and artwork
8129:NASA images
7701:Opportunity
7170:NASA Social
6996:and history
6610:(2011–2019)
6599:Fobos-Grunt
6589:(2006-2016)
6574:(1990-1992)
6568:(1989-1998)
6562:(1988-1989)
6553:(1984-1987)
6547:(1983-1991)
6541:(1964–1970)
6535:(1961–1985)
6529:(1958–1976)
6523:(1972–1996)
6517:(1961–1982)
6357:Shuttle–Mir
6232:Dombarovsky
6081:capsule use
6078:Post-Apollo
5972:Great Scott
5872:on the Moon
5868:Reports of
5862:Moon Museum
5650:Abort tests
5598:development
5237:instead of
5034:Soyuz MS-01
4913:(2010–2016)
4911:Soyuz-TMA-M
4796:Soyuz TMA-1
4789:(2002–2012)
4601:(1986–2002)
4497:Kosmos 1001
4490:(1978–1986)
4459:(1974–1976)
4412:(1974–1976)
4410:Soyuz 7K-TM
4226:(1972–1981)
4174:(1971–1972)
4149:(1969–1970)
4037:(1967–1970)
4035:Soyuz 7K-L1
3928:(1966–1970)
3926:Soyuz 7K-OK
3859:Main topics
3541:18 February
3518:29 February
3489:1700–1799:
3469:1634–1699:
3455:31 December
3326:10 February
3037:30 November
3004:30 November
2427:Interkosmos
2289:issued the
2263:Cosmosphere
2217:Los Angeles
2181:Binary star
2141:Joe Gilmore
2052:Soyuz TM-16
1909:Gerald Ford
1815:Gerald Ford
1762:Soyuz 7K-TM
1675:Vance Brand
1631:pure oxygen
1588:Soyuz 7K-TM
1498:Backup crew
1348:Jack Lousma
1284:Backup crew
1190:Apollo crew
1071:Vietnam War
1029:Hugh Dryden
986:Vietnam War
829:spacecraft
761:Front Row:
734:Time docked
697:Time docked
641:Inclination
562: /
515: /
433:New Orleans
373:Launch site
315:Launch date
213:Launch mass
203:NPO Energia
181:Soyuz 7K-TM
153:Apollo: 148
116:Soyuz: 8030
9299:Categories
9237:Kosmos 786
9217:Kosmos 785
9183:Kosmos 784
9178:Kosmos 783
9168:Kosmos 782
9163:Kosmos 781
9158:Kosmos 780
9138:Kosmos 779
9133:Kosmos 778
9128:Kosmos 777
9123:Kosmos 776
9096:Kosmos 775
9086:Kosmos 774
9081:Kosmos 773
9076:Kosmos 772
9061:Kosmos 771
9056:Kosmos 770
9051:Kosmos 769
9041:Kosmos 768
9036:Kosmos 767
9031:Kosmos 766
9026:Kosmos 765
9021:Kosmos 764
9016:Kosmos 763
9011:Kosmos 762
9006:Kosmos 761
9001:Kosmos 760
8996:Kosmos 759
8976:Kosmos 758
8966:Kosmos 757
8956:Kosmos 756
8946:Kosmos 755
8941:Kosmos 754
8931:Kosmos 753
8921:Kosmos 752
8916:Kosmos 751
8911:Kosmos 750
8884:Kosmos 749
8879:Kosmos 748
8874:Kosmos 747
8869:Kosmos 746
8864:Kosmos 745
8854:Kosmos 744
8839:Kosmos 743
8804:Kosmos 742
8792:Kosmos 741
8787:Kosmos 740
8782:Kosmos 739
8777:Kosmos 738
8772:Kosmos 737
8767:Kosmos 736
8762:Kosmos 735
8757:Kosmos 734
8752:Kosmos 733
8747:Kosmos 732
8720:Kosmos 731
8680:Kosmos 730
8675:Kosmos 729
8660:Kosmos 728
8655:Kosmos 727
8638:Kosmos 726
8628:Kosmos 725
8623:Kosmos 724
8609:Kosmos 723
8594:Kosmos 722
8584:Kosmos 721
8579:Kosmos 720
8574:Kosmos 719
8564:Kosmos 718
8559:Kosmos 717
8554:Kosmos 716
8549:Kosmos 715
8544:Kosmos 714
8539:Kosmos 713
8534:Kosmos 712
8529:Kosmos 711
8524:Kosmos 710
8507:Kosmos 709
8502:Kosmos 708
8482:Kosmos 707
8477:Kosmos 706
8472:Kosmos 705
8467:Kosmos 704
8457:Kosmos 703
8452:Kosmos 702
8291:Moon rocks
8051:Astronauts
8044:NASA lists
7901:OSIRIS-REx
7735:helicopter
7603:Pioneer 11
7596:Pioneer 10
7399:Hitchhiker
7274:suborbital
7111:Space Race
6937:See also:
6791:Mars-Grunt
6753:Sputnik 99
6748:Sputnik 41
6404:(moonbase)
6225:Kazakhstan
5914:Big Bertha
5839:Surveyor 3
5104:(uncrewed)
4612:(uncrewed)
4608:Soyuz TM-1
4512:(uncrewed)
4466:Kosmos 670
4457:Soyuz 7K-S
4419:Kosmos 638
4294:(uncrewed)
4258:Kosmos 656
4248:Kosmos 613
4233:Kosmos 496
4224:Soyuz 7K-T
4162:Kosmos 382
4061:Zond 1967A
4050:Kosmos 146
3990:(uncrewed)
3961:Kosmos 186
3950:Kosmos 140
3945:(uncrewed)
3935:Kosmos 133
2659:"Foreword"
2438:References
2355:March 2019
2227:, Russia.
2155:Scientific
1951:splashdown
1823:Tenderness
1558:Background
1517:Commander
1512:Cosmonaut
1443:Commander
1438:Cosmonaut
1416:Soyuz crew
1356:Crew notes
1303:Commander
1298:Astronaut
1225:Commander
1220:Astronaut
1112:Lunokhod 1
1105:George Low
1084:president
1013:John Glenn
800:Kosmos 772
752:Back Row:
568: (
549:163°0′45″W
521: (
174:Spacecraft
9370:Saturn IB
9281:underline
9254:Prognoz 4
8844:Venera 10
8670:Aryabhata
8492:Starlette
8462:Landsat 2
8318:Moon tree
8139:Earthrise
8014:Goldstone
7911:Mars 2020
7880:Voyager 2
7873:Voyager 1
7809:Curiosity
7753:operating
7751:Currently
7733:Ingenuity
7670:MESSENGER
7649:Sojourner
7578:Mercury 3
7568:Apollo 11
7515:Discovery
7505:Explorers
7094:Augustine
7058:Augustine
6796:Mercury-P
6786:Laplace-P
6743:Sputnik 3
6738:Sputnik 2
6733:Sputnik 1
6707:Spektr-UV
6678:Luna-Glob
6662:Spektr-RG
6639:Elektro–L
6378:Cancelled
6250:(defunct)
6204:Roscosmos
6003:Big Muley
5919:Moon tree
5738:Earthrise
5587:Apollo 17
5582:Apollo 16
5577:Apollo 15
5572:Apollo 14
5567:Apollo 13
5562:Apollo 12
5557:Apollo 11
5552:Apollo 10
5423:Saturn IB
4787:Soyuz-TMA
4508:Soyuz T-1
3886:Site 31/6
3435:120428265
3380:. 18 (76)
3026:OC Weekly
2594:195873630
2173:Red Dwarf
2096:Political
2014:Technical
1735:Voskhod 2
1708:Apollo 15
1687:Apollo 10
1627:Saturn IB
1621:from the
1607:Saturn IB
1568:Saturn IB
1494:mission.
1492:Voskhod 2
1409:Don Puddy
1314:Alan Bean
1064:Apollo 14
998:Apollo 14
867:romanized
782:Apollo 17
546:22°0′36″N
431:USS
381:Baikonour
366:Saturn IB
251:Apollo: 3
246:Crew size
150:Soyuz: 96
95:1975-066A
87:1975-065A
77:COSPAR ID
9227:OPS 3165
9222:Satcom 1
9193:OPS 5547
9188:OPS 4428
9148:Soyuz 20
9101:OPS 5499
8991:Viking 2
8951:Viking 1
8849:OPS 4966
8834:Nimbus 6
8824:OPS 6381
8819:Venera 9
8741:Soyuz 18
8735:OPS 6226
8715:OPS 9436
8710:OPS 9435
8665:OPS 4883
8569:OPS 2439
8446:Soyuz 17
8362:Category
8024:Canberra
7936:timeline
7924:timeline
7860:timeline
7816:timeline
7713:observed
7708:timeline
7676:Aquarius
7616:timeline
7589:Magellan
7551:missions
7449:Surveyor
7385:programs
7315:Shuttle–
7256:programs
7088:Aldridge
7007:creation
6811:Venera-D
6806:Spektr-M
6774:Concepts
6701:Kazachok
6657:Resurs-P
6652:Meteor-M
6617:(failed)
6608:Spektr-R
6602:(failed)
6581:(failed)
6560:(failed)
6501:programs
6303:programs
5762:Columbia
5640:Apollo 6
5635:Apollo 4
5547:Apollo 9
5542:Apollo 8
5537:Apollo 7
5532:Apollo 1
5516:Apollo 6
5511:Apollo 5
5506:Apollo 4
5479:Uncrewed
5428:Saturn V
5418:Saturn I
5025:Soyuz MS
4599:Soyuz-TM
4429:Soyuz 16
4263:Soyuz 14
4253:Soyuz 13
4243:Soyuz 12
4207:Soyuz 10
4106:Zond-M 1
3881:Site 1/5
3597:Archived
3585:Archived
3563:Archived
3494:(1992).
3474:(1997).
3384:13 April
3140:5 August
3089:17 March
2958:Archived
2956:. NASA.
2883:NASA.gov
2862:NASA.gov
2839:nasa.gov
2811:nasa.gov
2793:29845663
2757:(1994).
2586:31292553
2525:14 March
2405:See also
2326:Monument
2177:SS Cygni
2126:asteroid
2117:Cultural
2073:(PMAs).
2032:Kristall
1985:and the
1972:Honolulu
1775:Soyuz 16
1747:Soyuz 11
1716:Skylab 3
1653:and the
1635:nitrogen
1508:Position
1434:Position
1294:Position
1216:Position
1060:Salyut 1
1015:'s 1962
982:Cold War
923:and the
917:Shuttle–
878:Soyuz 19
843:Cold War
821:and the
795:Soyuz 18
754:Stafford
535:Apollo:
429:Apollo:
389:Apollo:
385:Site 1/5
368:(SA-210)
364:Apollo:
249:Soyuz: 2
92:Apollo:
62:Operator
18:Soyuz 19
9285:italics
9248:Unnamed
9106:Triad 2
8829:P-226-1
8695:Anik A3
8374:Commons
8252:Related
8061:by year
8056:by name
7833:GOES 15
7823:GOES 14
7740:flights
7726:InSight
7682:Cassini
7610:Galileo
7535:SIMPLEx
7510:Voyager
7478:Current
7434:Pioneer
7404:Mariner
7383:Robotic
7364:Artemis
7337:Current
7280:Mercury
7272: (
7165:NASA TV
7104:General
7003:History
6841:Related
6693:Luna 28
6688:Luna 27
6683:Luna 26
6647:(joint)
6644:ExoMars
6614:Luna 25
6578:Mars 96
6521:Prognoz
6498:Robotic
6456:(joint)
6365:Energia
6360:(joint)
6347:(joint)
6322:Voskhod
6119:Related
5935:Journey
5700:flights
5698:Pegasus
5472:Flights
5245:Italics
5015:TMA-20M
5010:TMA-19M
5005:TMA-18M
5000:TMA-17M
4995:TMA-16M
4990:TMA-15M
4985:TMA-14M
4980:TMA-13M
4975:TMA-12M
4970:TMA-11M
4965:TMA-10M
4960:TMA-09M
4955:TMA-08M
4950:TMA-07M
4945:TMA-06M
4940:TMA-05M
4935:TMA-04M
4930:TMA-03M
4925:TMA-02M
4488:Soyuz-T
3986:Soyuz 2
3955:Soyuz 1
3413:Bibcode
3253:13 June
3201:13 June
3165:13 June
2785:94-2463
2767:278–279
2564:Bibcode
2345:updated
2183:), and
2149:Link-Up
2078:APAS-95
2028:APAS-89
1947:reentry
1739:Soyuz 6
1697:in the
1157:Houston
1138:"We in
1116:Luna 16
978:détente
934:of the
921:program
869::
858:Russian
839:détente
771:Kubasov
763:Slayton
705:Docking
668:Docking
499:50°47′N
488:Soyuz:
465: (
451: (
423:Soyuz:
391:Kennedy
379:Soyuz:
361:Soyuz-U
359:Soyuz:
339: (
323: (
278:Apollo:
256:Members
106:SATCAT
84:Soyuz:
9118:GOES 1
8986:Kiku 1
8814:SRET-2
8705:Castor
8700:Polluz
8633:GEOS-3
8433:1976 →
8418:← 1974
8019:Madrid
7952:Future
7867:NuSTAR
7798:THEMIS
7720:RHESSI
7657:Spirit
7454:Viking
7444:Ranger
7295:Skylab
7290:Apollo
7285:Gemini
7143:Budget
7096:(2009)
7090:(2004)
7084:(2004)
7078:(2003)
7072:(2002)
7070:CFUSAI
7066:(1996)
7060:(1990)
7054:(1989)
7048:(1987)
7042:(1986)
7040:Rogers
7036:(1986)
7030:(1958)
7024:(1958)
7018:(1915)
6994:Policy
6634:Bion-M
6627:Active
6619:(2023)
6604:(2011)
6595:(2009)
6583:(1996)
6566:Granat
6545:Astron
6533:Venera
6446:Active
6437:Kliper
6422:Zvezda
6417:Spiral
6401:Zvezda
6327:Salyut
6317:Vostok
6285:Proton
6280:Angara
6189:Soviet
6088:Skylab
5856:J002E3
5717:AS-105
5712:AS-104
5707:AS-103
5630:AS-203
5596:Saturn
5525:Crewed
5501:AS-202
5496:AS-201
5491:AS-102
5486:AS-101
5413:Saturn
5235:Kosmos
5155:
5146:
5102:
4901:TMA-22
4896:TMA-21
4891:TMA-20
4886:TMA-19
4881:TMA-18
4876:TMA-17
4871:TMA-16
4866:TMA-15
4861:TMA-14
4856:TMA-13
4851:TMA-12
4846:TMA-11
4841:TMA-10
4610:
4510:
4436:
4368:
4353:
4292:
4200:(1971)
4118:Zond 7
4073:Zond 4
3988:
3433:
3378:UCBSSL
3352:
3294:
3226:
2915:7 July
2791:
2783:
2773:
2733:
2592:
2584:
2556:Nature
2461:15 May
2431:Soviet
2372:Moscow
2255:Skylab
2185:Sirius
2044:STS-71
2009:Legacy
2003:Skylab
1999:LC-39A
1983:LC-39B
1976:Hawaii
1965:(RCS)
1770:Salyut
1677:, and
1663:Skylab
1659:drogue
1639:oxygen
1161:Moscow
1011:After
990:Saigon
942:until
895:, and
876:) and
831:docked
827:Apollo
758:Leonov
727:
715:
690:
678:
651:Period
610:Regime
502:67°7′E
472:
458:
395:LC-39B
356:Rocket
346:
330:
263:Soyuz:
183:No. 75
9206:DAD-B
9199:DAD-A
8936:Cos-B
8859:OSO-8
8644:RM-20
8519:Taiyo
8497:SMS-2
7964:NISAR
7919:rover
7891:MAVEN
7811:rover
7792:Swift
7703:rover
7664:LADEE
7659:rover
7651:rover
7628:GRAIL
7623:GALEX
7414:MESUR
7359:Orion
7160:NASA+
7136:Chief
7034:Paine
6870:Laika
6816:Sfera
6801:OPSEK
6572:Gamma
6468:Soyuz
6427:Zarya
6369:Buran
6332:Almaz
6290:Soyuz
5770:Eagle
5688:A-004
5678:A-003
5673:A-002
5668:A-001
5239:Soyuz
5221:MS-29
5217:2026
5211:MS-28
5206:MS-27
5202:2025
5187:MS-26
5182:MS-25
5162:MS-24
5153:MS-23
5144:MS-22
5139:MS-21
5134:MS-20
5129:MS-19
5124:MS-18
5119:MS-17
5114:MS-16
5109:MS-15
5100:MS-14
5095:MS-13
5090:MS-12
5085:MS-11
5079:MS-10
5074:MS-09
5069:MS-08
5064:MS-07
5059:MS-06
5054:MS-05
5049:MS-04
5044:MS-03
5039:MS-02
4836:TMA-9
4831:TMA-8
4826:TMA-7
4821:TMA-6
4816:TMA-5
4811:TMA-4
4806:TMA-3
4801:TMA-2
4777:TM-34
4772:TM-33
4767:TM-32
4762:TM-31
4757:TM-30
4752:TM-29
4747:TM-28
4742:TM-27
4737:TM-26
4732:TM-25
4727:TM-24
4722:TM-23
4717:TM-22
4712:TM-21
4707:TM-20
4702:TM-19
4697:TM-18
4692:TM-17
4687:TM-16
4682:TM-15
4677:TM-14
4672:TM-13
4667:TM-12
4662:TM-11
4657:TM-10
4558:T-10a
4100:1969A
4084:1968B
4078:1968A
4067:1967B
3643:Media
3501:(PDF)
3481:(PDF)
3431:S2CID
3197:. CNN
3159:(PDF)
2964:4 May
2937:4 May
2726:Deke!
2590:S2CID
2376:Earth
2308:Omega
2086:Zarya
2040:Buran
1857:Earth
1833:" by
1829:and "
1825:" by
1784:MKF-6
1623:S-IVB
835:Soyuz
767:Brand
645:51.8°
9071:Aura
8906:DM-2
8426:1975
7943:PACE
7886:WISE
7849:Juno
7689:Dawn
7633:WMAP
7573:COBE
7561:Past
7392:Past
7270:X-15
7263:Past
7076:CAIB
7046:Ride
7016:NACA
6986:NASA
6508:Past
6484:Orel
6432:MAKS
6310:Past
6223:(in
6191:and
5625:SA-5
5620:SA-4
5615:SA-3
5610:SA-2
4652:TM-9
4647:TM-8
4642:TM-7
4637:TM-6
4632:TM-5
4627:TM-4
4622:TM-3
4617:TM-2
4589:T-15
4584:T-14
4579:T-13
4574:T-12
4569:T-11
4564:T-10
4503:1074
4187:No.2
3543:2012
3520:2024
3457:2022
3386:2023
3350:ISBN
3328:2023
3292:ISBN
3255:2018
3224:ISBN
3203:2018
3167:2018
3142:2024
3091:2009
3039:2021
3006:2021
2966:2011
2939:2011
2917:2020
2789:OCLC
2781:LCCN
2771:ISBN
2731:ISBN
2582:PMID
2527:2019
2463:2023
2429:, a
2368:TsUP
2285:The
2207:The
1957:and
1949:and
1801:Metz
1725:and
1651:NASA
1647:APAS
1184:USSR
1159:and
1140:NASA
1114:and
994:Laos
903:and
241:Crew
66:NASA
7896:MMS
7317:Mir
6409:TMK
6352:Mir
6339:TKS
5658:QTV
4553:T-9
4547:T-8
4542:T-7
4537:T-6
4532:T-5
4527:T-4
4522:T-3
4517:T-2
4477:869
4471:772
4424:672
4279:18a
4238:573
4112:M 2
4055:154
3981:238
3976:213
3971:212
3966:188
3421:doi
2572:doi
2560:571
2265:in
2223:in
2215:in
2179:(a
2175:),
2171:(a
2143:of
2124:An
2036:Mir
1989:at
1835:War
1733:on
1611:CSM
919:Mir
729:UTC
717:UTC
692:UTC
680:UTC
474:UTC
460:UTC
348:UTC
333:UTC
108:no.
9301::
6515:DS
6367:/
6337:/
4447:22
4434:19
4400:40
4395:39
4390:38
4385:37
4380:36
4375:35
4366:34
4360:33
4351:32
4346:31
4341:30
4336:29
4331:28
4326:27
4321:26
4315:25
4310:24
4304:23
4299:21
4290:20
4285:18
4274:17
4268:15
4213:11
4136:10
3943:†
3791:,
3503:.
3483:.
3429:.
3419:.
3409:92
3407:.
3403:.
3376:.
3364:^
3336:^
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