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had no solar panels, instead sporting two large whip antennas in their place. As a result, it relied on batteries which only provided enough power for two days of standalone flight. The idea was that the Soyuz would recharge while docked with a Salyut space station, but in the event of a docking or other mission failure (which ended up happening on several occasions), the crew was forced to power off everything except communications and life support systems until they could reenter.
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failed to orbit due to a malfunction of the vernier engines on the Blok A stage. The existing stock of Soyuz boosters had to be modified to prevent a recurrence of this failure mode on a crewed mission, which delayed the next test until almost a year later when Kosmos 573 launched on 15 June 1973 and
276:
tragedy, the spacecraft was redesigned to accommodate two cosmonauts who would wear pressure suits at all times during launch, docking, undocking, and reentry. The place of the third cosmonaut was taken by extra life-support systems. Finally, the 7K-T, being intended purely as a space station ferry,
280:
Two test flights of the 7K-T were conducted prior to committing the redesigned Soyuz to a crewed mission. Kosmos 496 was launched on 26 June 1972 and spent a week in space, part of it in powered-down mode. Then on 2 September 1972, an attempted launch of a
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space station. This featured the ability to remote control the space station and a new parachute system and other still classified and unknown changes.
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used a variant of the 7K-T with solar panels, and in the case of 13 and 22, special camera apparatus in place of the docking mechanism. A large
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spent two days in space. With this done, the way was cleared for the first crewed test, Soyuz 12, in
September 1972.
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astrophysical camera for imaging the sky and Earth were used on the former and an MKF-6 Zeiss camera on the latter.
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Upgraded Soyuz 7K-T version capable of carrying 2 cosmonauts with the
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for 3 cosmonauts without space suits. This was the original
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528:Space Adventures circum-lunar mission - details
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2019:
2005:
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523:NASA - Russian Soyuz TMA Spacecraft Details
2518:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
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2012:
1998:
585:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
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2513:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
580:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
16:Second-generation of the Soyuz spacecraft
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1978:The † sign designates failed missions.
518:Soyuz 7K-T in Encyclopedia Astronautica
289:In addition, the standalone flights of
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2288:government human spaceflight programs
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1993:
536:
316:used for the flights to the military
1976:; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".
1968:Uncrewed missions are designated as
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13:
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511:Mir Hardware Heritage (wikisource)
14:
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248:"probe-and-drogue" docking system
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272:(1973–1981). In the wake of the
34:
1982:designates cancelled missions.
283:Zenit reconnaissance satellite
1:
2523:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
633:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
312:Another modification was the
254:The second generation of the
7:
2554:Vehicles introduced in 1972
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242:upgraded for the military
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2021:Soyuz spacecraft variants
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19:Not to be confused with
2440:Martian Piloted Complex
2314:Russian Orbital Segment
2508:List of Soyuz missions
575:List of Soyuz missions
498:Mir Hardware Heritage
251:
601:Soyuz (rocket family)
504:Mir Hardware Heritage
230:
776:Zond lunar programme
653:(by spacecraft type)
507:, NASA RP-1357, 1995
501:David S.F. Portree,
246:space stations. The
83:Soviet space program
611:Baikonur Cosmodrome
30:
1883:(uncrewed landing)
1090:(uncrewed landing)
606:Soyuz (spacecraft)
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187:Related spacecraft
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1892:(uncrewed launch)
1105:(uncrewed launch)
916:Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1
891:Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1
628:Soyuz abort modes
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96:to orbit and back
69:Country of origin
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1655:Soyuz TMA-01M
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986:
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694:
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688:
686:
683:
677:
674:
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668:
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665:
662:
658:
655:
651:Past missions
649:
644:
634:
631:
629:
626:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
612:
609:
607:
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351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
327:
321:
319:
315:
314:Soyuz 7K-T/A9
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
284:
278:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:
257:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:Soyuz 7K-T/A9
233:
229:
220:
216:
211:
207:
204:
200:
197:
194:
190:
185:
181:
177:
173:
170:
166:
162:
159:
157:Maiden launch
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
53:
48:
43:
37:
32:
26:
22:
2488:
2476:
2444:
2428:
2412:Zond (7K-L1)
2408:
2375:Apollo–Soyuz
2154:Later series
2145:Soyuz 7K-MF6
2134:
2129:
2125:Soyuz 7K-OKS
2110:Soyuz 7K-LOK
1979:
1973:
1969:
1175:Apollo–Soyuz
958:
933:Soyuz 7K-OKS
907:Soyuz 7K-LOK
882:Soyuz 7K-L1E
869:
862:
502:
313:
311:
288:
279:
264:, comprised
260:
259:
253:
239:
235:
196:Soyuz 7K-OKS
192:Derived from
89:Applications
73:Soviet Union
59:Manufacturer
25:
2388:Shuttle-Mir
2219:Progress-MS
2214:Progress-M2
2209:Progress-M1
2176:Soyuz TMA-M
2140:Soyuz 7K-TM
2115:Soyuz 7K-TK
2105:Soyuz 7K-L1
2100:Soyuz 7K-OK
2075:Soyuz 7K-TK
1972:instead of
1769:Soyuz MS-01
1648:(2010–2016)
1646:Soyuz-TMA-M
1531:Soyuz TMA-1
1524:(2002–2012)
1336:(1986–2002)
1232:Kosmos 1001
1225:(1978–1986)
1194:(1974–1976)
1147:(1974–1976)
1145:Soyuz 7K-TM
961:(1972–1981)
909:(1971–1972)
884:(1969–1970)
772:(1967–1970)
770:Soyuz 7K-L1
663:(1966–1970)
661:Soyuz 7K-OK
594:Main topics
240:Soyuz 7K-OK
217:(successor)
206:Soyuz 7K-TM
202:Derivatives
168:Last launch
45:(after the
2538:Categories
2477:Capsules:
2204:Progress-M
2130:Soyuz 7K-T
1839:(uncrewed)
1347:(uncrewed)
1343:Soyuz TM-1
1247:(uncrewed)
1201:Kosmos 670
1192:Soyuz 7K-S
1154:Kosmos 638
1029:(uncrewed)
993:Kosmos 656
983:Kosmos 613
968:Kosmos 496
959:Soyuz 7K-T
897:Kosmos 382
796:Zond 1967A
785:Kosmos 146
725:(uncrewed)
696:Kosmos 186
685:Kosmos 140
680:(uncrewed)
670:Kosmos 133
482:Cosmos 656
477:Cosmos 613
472:Cosmos 573
467:Cosmos 496
261:Soyuz 7K-T
161:Kosmos 496
136:Production
94:cosmonauts
92:Carry two
49:accident).
29:Soyuz 7K-T
2402:Cancelled
2171:Soyuz TMA
2093:7K series
2065:Soyuz PPK
2050:Soyuz 11K
1522:Soyuz-TMA
1243:Soyuz T-1
621:Site 31/6
2391:(joint)
2378:(joint)
2309:(joint)
2191:Progress
2181:Soyuz MS
2166:Soyuz-TM
2055:Soyuz-VI
2045:Soyuz 9K
2040:Soyuz 7K
1760:Soyuz MS
1334:Soyuz-TM
1164:Soyuz 16
998:Soyuz 14
988:Soyuz 13
978:Soyuz 12
942:Soyuz 10
841:Zond-M 1
616:Site 1/5
487:Soyuz 20
455:Soyuz 41
450:Soyuz 40
445:Soyuz 39
440:Soyuz 38
435:Soyuz 37
430:Soyuz 36
425:Soyuz 35
420:Soyuz 34
415:Soyuz 33
410:Soyuz 32
405:Soyuz 31
400:Soyuz 30
395:Soyuz 29
390:Soyuz 28
385:Soyuz 27
380:Soyuz 26
375:Soyuz 25
370:Soyuz 24
365:Soyuz 23
360:Soyuz 21
355:Soyuz 18
350:Soyuz 17
345:Soyuz 15
340:Soyuz 14
335:Soyuz 13
330:Soyuz 12
324:Missions
303:Soyuz 22
299:Soyuz 19
295:Soyuz 16
291:Soyuz 13
274:Soyuz 11
270:Soyuz 40
268:through
266:Soyuz 12
232:Salyut 1
172:Soyuz 40
149:Launched
79:Operator
47:Soyuz 11
2501:Related
2452:Energia
2353:Voskhod
2286:Russian
2161:Soyuz-T
2070:Soyuz R
2060:Soyuz P
1980:Italics
1750:TMA-20M
1745:TMA-19M
1740:TMA-18M
1735:TMA-17M
1730:TMA-16M
1725:TMA-15M
1720:TMA-14M
1715:TMA-13M
1710:TMA-12M
1705:TMA-11M
1700:TMA-10M
1695:TMA-09M
1690:TMA-08M
1685:TMA-07M
1680:TMA-06M
1675:TMA-05M
1670:TMA-04M
1665:TMA-03M
1660:TMA-02M
1223:Soyuz-T
721:Soyuz 2
690:Soyuz 1
307:Orion 2
215:Soyuz-T
63:Korolev
21:Soyuz-T
2480:Zvezda
2464:Kliper
2448:Spiral
2436:Aelita
2424:Zvezda
2420:LK-700
2409:Moon:
2358:Salyut
2348:Vostok
2294:Active
2282:Soviet
2235:Aelita
1970:Kosmos
1890:
1881:
1837:
1636:TMA-22
1631:TMA-21
1626:TMA-20
1621:TMA-19
1616:TMA-18
1611:TMA-17
1606:TMA-16
1601:TMA-15
1596:TMA-14
1591:TMA-13
1586:TMA-12
1581:TMA-11
1576:TMA-10
1345:
1245:
1171:
1103:
1088:
1027:
935:(1971)
853:Zond 7
808:Zond 4
723:
301:, and
258:, the
234:-type
174:, 1981
163:, 1972
141:Status
114:Regime
2492:OPSEK
2484:Zarya
2456:Buran
2416:N1-L3
2363:Almaz
2301:Soyuz
2240:Gamma
2035:Sever
1974:Soyuz
1956:MS-29
1952:2026
1946:MS-28
1941:MS-27
1937:2025
1922:MS-26
1917:MS-25
1897:MS-24
1888:MS-23
1879:MS-22
1874:MS-21
1869:MS-20
1864:MS-19
1859:MS-18
1854:MS-17
1849:MS-16
1844:MS-15
1835:MS-14
1830:MS-13
1825:MS-12
1820:MS-11
1814:MS-10
1809:MS-09
1804:MS-08
1799:MS-07
1794:MS-06
1789:MS-05
1784:MS-04
1779:MS-03
1774:MS-02
1571:TMA-9
1566:TMA-8
1561:TMA-7
1556:TMA-6
1551:TMA-5
1546:TMA-4
1541:TMA-3
1536:TMA-2
1512:TM-34
1507:TM-33
1502:TM-32
1497:TM-31
1492:TM-30
1487:TM-29
1482:TM-28
1477:TM-27
1472:TM-26
1467:TM-25
1462:TM-24
1457:TM-23
1452:TM-22
1447:TM-21
1442:TM-20
1437:TM-19
1432:TM-18
1427:TM-17
1422:TM-16
1417:TM-15
1412:TM-14
1407:TM-13
1402:TM-12
1397:TM-11
1392:TM-10
1293:T-10a
835:1969A
819:1968B
813:1968A
802:1967B
318:Almaz
244:Almaz
2460:MAKS
2341:Past
2332:Orel
2284:and
1387:TM-9
1382:TM-8
1377:TM-7
1372:TM-6
1367:TM-5
1362:TM-4
1357:TM-3
1352:TM-2
1324:T-15
1319:T-14
1314:T-13
1309:T-12
1304:T-11
1299:T-10
1238:1074
922:No.2
210:ASTP
2468:LKS
2432:TMK
2383:Mir
2370:TKS
2306:ISS
1288:T-9
1282:T-8
1277:T-7
1272:T-6
1267:T-5
1262:T-4
1257:T-3
1252:T-2
1212:869
1206:772
1159:672
1014:18a
973:573
847:M 2
790:154
716:238
711:213
706:212
701:188
2540::
2482:,
2470:,
2466:,
2462:,
2458:,
2454:/
2450:,
2438:,
2434:,
2422:,
2418:,
2414:,
2368:/
1182:22
1169:19
1135:40
1130:39
1125:38
1120:37
1115:36
1110:35
1101:34
1095:33
1086:32
1081:31
1076:30
1071:29
1066:28
1061:27
1056:26
1050:25
1045:24
1039:23
1034:21
1025:20
1020:18
1009:17
1003:15
948:11
871:10
678:†
297:,
293:,
152:30
2274:e
2267:t
2260:v
2013:e
2006:t
1999:v
1816:†
1295:†
1284:†
1234:†
1214:†
1208:†
1177:)
1173:(
1097:†
1052:†
1041:†
1016:†
1005:†
950:†
944:†
924:†
918:†
893:†
864:9
858:8
849:†
843:†
837:†
830:6
825:5
821:†
815:†
804:†
798:†
792:†
778:)
774:(
760:9
755:8
750:7
745:6
740:5
735:4
730:3
692:†
672:†
556:e
549:t
542:v
212:)
208:(
23:.
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