1087:
1396:
enterprise would pay." Beadle writes that Rigdon was then at work in the office of
Patterson, who died in 1826. Spalding had died of tuberculosis in 1816, and apparently the manuscript had not been returned, because Beadle said the subsequent fate of that copy of the manuscript was unknown. According to Beadle, Spalding's widow "had another complete copy, but in the year 1825, while residing in Ontario Co., N. Y., next door to a man named Stroude, for whom Joe Smith was digging a well, that copy was also lost. Mrs. Spalding thinks it was stolen from her trunk." Beadle’s story seems to be an abridgement of that in the 1855 book
2684:
1500:. It concluded, "our analysis supports the theory that the Book of Mormon was written by multiple, nineteenth-century authors, and more specifically, we find strong support for the Spalding–Rigdon theory of authorship. In all the data, we find Rigdon as a unifying force. His signal dominates the book, and where other candidates are more probable, Rigdon is often hiding in the shadows". The study did not include Smith as one of the possible authors, arguing that because of Smith's use of scribes and co-authors, no texts can be identified with a surety as having been written solely by Smith.
1400:. There, Rigdon was a journeyman printer for the publisher Patterson in Philadelphia. Spalding brought the manuscript to Patterson, they could not come to terms as to its publication, and Spalding left a copy with Patterson, who was intrigued by the story and often read bits aloud to various people. Rigdon sometimes borrowed the manuscript and read it to his co-workers for their amusement; he was fascinated by its oddity, but thought it sounded vastly like truth, with all its absurdities. Rigdon obtained the manuscript when Paterson died in 1826.
1424:
unbeliever. The Latter-day Saint, of course, already has an explanation that nicely circumvents that puzzle. For those who are unwilling to believe Joseph Smith's explanation of the origin of the Book of Mormon but who still cannot see the ignorant
Palmyra plowboy as responsible for its contents, some variation of the Spalding theory with its mythical "Manuscript Found" may be the best fiction they can contrive.
40:
1099:
1186:(now The Community of Christ) said it contained the wording of the original, previously unpublished work, and was a "verbatim copy of the original now in the Library of Oberlin College, Ohio; including correspondence touching the Manuscript, its preservation and transmission until it came into the hands of the publishers."
1086:
1444:
Athalia
Robinson, were present when that book was handed to me in Mentor, Ohio, and all I ever knew about the origin of was what Parley P. Pratt, Oliver Cowdery, Joseph Smith and the witnesses who claimed they saw the plates have told me, and in all of my intimacy with Joseph Smith he never told me but one story."
1423:
Whether one accepts the
Spalding explanation or some other theory, one still has to explain not only if, but how Joseph Smith or any other candidate could write such a book, a point upon which critics have never agreed and probably never will agree. The Book of Mormon will always be an enigma for the
1451:
contends that there is little or no evidence supporting the
Spalding–Rigdon theory and that extensive evidence, including "very sophisticated statistical analysis", renders it "deeply improbable and only desperate necessity would ever have given rise to it in the first place. But the Spalding theory
1347:
is to me certain, from what he said the first of his visits to my father's some years before He gave a wonderful description of the mounds and other antiquities found in some parts of
America, and said they must have been made by the aborigines. He said there was a book to be published containing
1443:
My father, after I had finished saying what I have repeated above, looked at me a moment, raised his hand above his head and slowly said, with tears glistening in his eyes: "My son, I can swear before high heaven that what I have told you about the origin of is true. Your mother and sister, Mrs.
1503:
Mormon critics of the study have argued that this is a significant problem, claiming that a "naive application of NSC methodology" led to "misleading results" by
Jockers et al. because they had used a closed set of seven authors for their study. In their own study (Schaalje et al., 2009), these
1395:
to a bookseller named
Patterson in Pittsburgh, wishing to have it published as a "historical romance, to account for the settlement of America", and proposing to write a fictional preface describing "its having been taken from plates dug up in Ohio". Patterson declined, as he "did not think the
1264:
expressed suspicion about these statements, claiming that their style was too similar and displayed too much uniformity. She suggested that the witnesses had a "little judicious prompting". (Despite her suspicions about these claims, Brodie viewed Joseph Smith as a fraud who "improvised"
1618:
Thus in 1945 the
Spaulding theory of the origin of the Book of Mormon was still strongly in vogue, most scholarly works accepting it as the explanation of the origin of the Book of Mormon. Following trenchant attack on the theory its popularity quickly declined. Today nobody gives it
1574:
as a candidate author, Jockers's methodology picked Rigdon when
Hamilton was excluded. Using Schaalje’s open-set method, Schaalje's method picked "none of the above" when Hamilton was excluded. When Hamilton was included, both Jockers's and Schaalje's method correctly picked Hamilton.
1455:
Peterson also argues that the Spalding–Rigdon theory must be placed in the larger historical context of the advent of Mormonism, asserting that "ven so, it doesn't even begin to explain the Witnesses, the Doctrine and Covenants, the Pearl of Great Price, and a host of other matters."
1339:
In January 1841, Adamson Bentley said, "I know that Sydney Rigdon told me there was a book coming out (the manuscript of which had been found engraved on gold plates) as much as two years before the Mormon book made its appearance in this country or had been heard of by me."
1547:). The study found the Rigdon signal distributed throughout the book (except for the known Isaiah chapters), and a weak Pratt signal in 1 Nephi. It also found a strong Cowdery signal in mid-Alma and weaker Cowdery signals in passages that contain content similar to
1292:
1098:
1564:, critiqued the methodology used by Jockers et al., claiming that the closed-set analysis forced the choosing of a winner while excluding the possibility of an author outside the set. By using Jockers's methodology to analyze the (known) authorship of the
1378:
Rigdon's grandson, Walter Sidney Rigdon, said in an interview that the family knew that the "Golden Bible" was a hoax contrived by Rigdon and Joseph Smith Junior to make money and that it was based on the Spalding manuscript.
1374:
by Robert Patterson, the son of the Patterson of Patterson & Lambdin, contains these statements and others by about 30 witnesses who knew the people involved in these events and said they knew the Spalding story was true.
1830:
Full title: from a verbatim copy of the original now in the Library of Oberlin College, Ohio : including correspondence touching the manuscript, its preservation and transmission until it came into the hands of the
1475:
claimed the Spalding–Rigdon theory had little support from such analysis. A 1990 study by Mormon John Hilton with non-Mormon colleagues at Berkeley concluded that the probability that Spalding was the sole author of the
2650:
Schaalje, G. Bruce; Fields, Paul J.; Roper, Matthew; Snow, Gregory L. (2011). "Extended nearest shrunken centroid classification: A new method for open-set authorship attribution of texts of varying sizes".
1432:, a Mormon defender who had been "deputed ... to hunt up the Hurlbut case", published a book rejecting the Spalding theory as "a sheer fabrication". Winchester attributed the creation of the entire story to
1331:. He acknowledged a "slight acquaintance" with publisher Robert Patterson, but denied any firsthand knowledge of a printing office. He emphatically denied any prior knowledge of Spalding or his manuscripts.
801:
1247:. Spalding's widow told a similar story, and said, "the names of Nephi and Lehi are yet fresh in my memory, as being the principal heroes of his tale." These statements were published in
2161:
1210:. After considerable media attention, Silver and Kaye clarified that they would need to see more original manuscripts of Spalding's work to "definitely come to a conclusion".
2627:
Jockers, Matthew L.; Witten, Daniela M.; Criddle, Craig S. (2008). "Reassessing authorship of the Book of Mormon using delta and nearest shrunken centroid classification".
1976:
1578:
Using Smith's personal writings in his own handwriting, Schaalje's rebuttal concluded that stylometric evidence supports neither Smith's nor Spalding–Rigdon's authorship.
1118:
1243:
In 1833, Spalding's brother John and seven other Conneaut residents signed affidavits stating that Spalding had written a manuscript, parts of which were identical to
1170:
early in the fourth century AD, were blown off course and landed in eastern North America. One of them kept a record of their experiences among eastern and midwestern
1806:
1183:
1092:
Bridge over Conneaut Creek, where, according to Spalding's fictional story, Roman scrolls were found recounting the voyage of a group of Romans to the Americas.
1504:
critics from Brigham Young University found that an open set of candidate authors "produced dramatically different results from a closed-set NSC analysis."
2189:
1472:
862:
1240:. Nehemiah King, a Conneaut resident who knew Spalding when he lived there, felt that the Mormon text resembled the story Spalding wrote years earlier.
2171:
1674:
1351:
In 1879, Rebecca Eichbaum gave a statement connecting Rigdon to the Patterson & Lambdin printing office. An 1816 notice in the Pittsburgh
600:
2716:
1731:
1468:'s authorship have resulted in conflicting results and dueling assertions about which methodologies yield the most reliable analyses.
2753:
972:
847:
1948:
711:
917:
2546:
2492:
1769:
897:
781:
1225:
827:
438:
2469:
1171:
736:
706:
701:
2702:
2653:
2629:
2450:
1700:
1496:
compared it to writings of possible authors and found a high probability that its authors were Spalding, Rigdon, and
1206:
that they noticed similarities between Spalding's handwriting and the writing on some of the original manuscripts of
721:
240:
210:
92:
2515:
Larsen, Wayne A.; Rencher, Alvin C.; Layton, Tim (1980). "Who Wrote the Book of Mormon? An Analysis of Wordprints".
1391:, a version of the theory is presented with some additional details. Beadle writes that in 1812, Spalding presented
2593:
2569:
2541:
2517:
1136:"purporting to have been translated from the Latin, found on 24 rolls of parchment in a cave, on the banks of the
2748:
2743:
932:
887:
726:
716:
488:
403:
398:
285:
1327:
In 1839, Rigdon published a letter to the editor in which he denied having anything to do with the creation of
882:
877:
328:
305:
290:
2050:
1936:
1352:
1117:
An unfinished manuscript copy exists of a historical fiction by Spalding, written from 1809 to 1812, about a
946:
608:
388:
300:
187:
965:
333:
49:
2738:
1316:
912:
149:
2304:
1112:(image). There he found the golden plates relating the journey of a group of Israelites to the Americas.
1202:, In 1977, nationally known graphology experts Henry Silver, William Kaye, and Howard Doulder wrote in
628:
1687:
1319:
area and interviewed several residents, also proposed Rigdon's authorship in an August 1831 article.
1030:
2689:
1931:
1439:
Of Rigdon's alleged involvement, Rigdon's son John recounted an interview with his father in 1865:
1433:
1312:
1308:
892:
857:
814:
766:
443:
323:
295:
102:
2387:
1548:
1133:
1056:
958:
741:
343:
23:
2758:
2246:
2081:
776:
648:
408:
368:
260:
205:
2036:
1994:
1917:
2721:
2416:
2086:
807:
2185:
2008:
1739:
1408:
Most Mormons give the Spalding–Rigdon theory little credence, believing that it has, as the
1944:
1692:
1536:
821:
448:
8:
2300:
2184:
For a history of such studies from the perspective of a Mormon group, see the article on
2022:
1796:
1553:
1540:
1532:
1477:
1429:
927:
458:
1037:, but Howe argued that this story was a later invention to hide the book's true origin.
2615:
2578:
2526:
2276:
2157:
1571:
1448:
1253:
1130:
1053:
1007:
922:
423:
1960:
2619:
2567:
Hilton, John L. (1990). "On Verifying Wordprint Studies: Book of Mormon Authorship".
2465:
2446:
2282:
1810:
1706:
1696:
1678:
1566:
1409:
1222:
902:
867:
852:
171:
16:
Overview of claim the Book of Mormon was plagiarized from Solomon Spalding's writings
2712:
2662:
2638:
2607:
2555:
2501:
2272:
2128:
1825:
1682:
1646:
1607:
1248:
1002:
998:
907:
731:
673:
668:
378:
270:
225:
2611:
2442:
2420:
2397:
2393:
2369:
2346:
2323:
2286:
1735:
1520:
1361:
1148:
1063:, which "purported to have been a record found buried in the earth". He moved to
771:
746:
562:
547:
195:
112:
107:
2707:
1360:
In 1884, Lorenzo Saunders gave an interview in which he reportedly claimed that
1544:
1528:
1508:
1497:
1237:
1233:
1137:
1026:
990:
872:
663:
587:
577:
552:
473:
363:
338:
275:
220:
77:
31:
2732:
1516:
1365:
1300:
1109:
1018:
582:
537:
527:
358:
348:
87:
82:
62:
2425:
2402:
2328:
2291:
1710:
2598:
2374:
2351:
2342:
2319:
2166:
1814:
1802:
1798:
The "Manuscript Story" of Reverend Solomon Spalding; or, "Manuscript found"
1512:
1481:
1277:
1105:
1029:
to produce the Book of Mormon. Rigdon claimed that he was converted to the
1022:
572:
557:
542:
532:
522:
215:
67:
2009:"Feature Articles: When did Sidney Rigdon first meet Joseph Smith? Part 3"
2666:
2642:
2383:
2054:
1261:
658:
567:
517:
97:
2703:
LDS Church historian Bruce D. Blumell response to Spalding–Rigdon theory
2697:
2583:
2531:
1934:(31 Aug 1831), "Mormonism—Religious Fanaticism—Church and State Party",
2365:
2092:
Sidney Rigdon's Grandson Says Their Family Understood it to be a Fraud.
1357:
shows mail at the Pittsburgh post office for both Rigdon and Spalding.
1307:'s true author first appeared in print in a February 15, 1831 article.
1229:
1064:
994:
245:
72:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2023:"Rebecca J. Eichbaum's 1879 statement & Isaac Craig's 1882 letter"
1995:"Uncle Dale's Old Mormon Articles: Rev. Walter Scott's the Evangelist"
1647:"Rebecca J. Eichbaum's 1879 statement & Isaac Craig's 1882 letter"
1071:
to the publisher Patterson & Lambdin. Spalding died in 1816, with
2559:
2506:
2487:
2434:
1612:
1595:
678:
623:
613:
413:
373:
353:
166:
159:
154:
139:
2219:
2162:"Joseph Smith's account of the Restoration is difficult to counter"
1166:
is a fictional story about a group of Romans who, while sailing to
618:
478:
250:
144:
1343:
In 1873, Darwin Atwater said: "That knew before of the coming of
2306:
The origin of the Spalding story, concerning the Manuscript Found
1507:
The Jockers study found a strong Spalding signal in the books of
1167:
643:
638:
483:
468:
318:
310:
280:
255:
235:
200:
57:
2207:
2135:
1403:
2411:
Cowdrey, Wayne L.; Davis, Howard A.; Scales, Donald R. (1977).
633:
498:
493:
453:
383:
265:
1017:]. The theory is that Spalding's manuscript was stolen by
39:
653:
433:
428:
418:
393:
230:
2051:"EXHIBIT A: STATEMENTS & TESTIMONY OF LORENZO SAUNDERS"
2037:"Uncle Dale's Old Mormon Articles: Pennsylvania, 1810-1819"
463:
2542:"Vernal Holley, Book of Mormon Authorship: A Closer Look"
1334:
1291:
1044:, but by the 1970s it had little support among scholars.
1013:
2309:. Philadelphia: Brown, Bicking & Guilbert, Printers.
1949:"James Gordon Bennett's 1831 Report on 'The Mormonites'"
1283:
printed interviews with some of the Conneaut witnesses.
2649:
2230:
1983:. Vol. 2, no. 6. Quincy, Illinois. p. 1.
1807:
Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
1382:
1184:
Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
1040:
The theory was once extremely popular among critics of
2109:
1918:"Uncle Dale's Old Mormon Articles: Early Ohio 1829-31"
1492:
A 2008 Stanford study (Jockers et al.) of the text of
1471:
Early wordprint or computer studies led by the Mormon
1147:, was discovered and published, and it now resides at
2061:
1889:
1480:
was less than 7.29 x 10 and less than 3 x 10 for the
2679:
2626:
2213:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1473:
Foundation for Apologetic Information & Research
2514:
1860:
1759:
1757:
987:
Spalding–Rigdon theory of Book of Mormon authorship
2410:
2195:
2097:
1848:
1836:
1776:
1629:
1627:
2129:"Testimony of Benjamin Winchester, Nov. 27, 1900"
1872:
1523:. The Spalding signal was weak in those parts of
1271:No Man Knows My History: The Life of Joseph Smith
2730:
1754:
1624:
1398:The Mormons: Their Book, Prophets and Mysteries
1213:
1189:
1788:
1404:Reaction within the Latter-Day Saint movement
966:
2606:(2). Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute: 7–140.
1669:
1667:
1562:Journal of Literary and Linguistic Computing
1415:In his paper "The Mythical 'Manuscript Found
2241:
2239:
2152:
2150:
2299:
2141:
1560:The Schaalje study, also published in the
1452:nonetheless limps on in certain circles."
1276:In an article published in June 1834, the
973:
959:
38:
2582:
2530:
2505:
2424:
2401:
2373:
2350:
2336:
2327:
2290:
2067:
1943:
1794:
1664:
1611:
2708:Book of Mormon Authorship: A Closer Look
2236:
2156:
2147:
1768:sfn error: no target: CITEREFReeve1996 (
1290:
1001:. The theory first appeared in print in
848:Book of Mormon Historic Publication Site
2539:
2459:
1930:
1782:
712:Book of Mormon and the King James Bible
2731:
2566:
2382:
2313:
2201:
2115:
2103:
2079:
1974:
1907:(Masthead of Vlll:15 – June 12, 1834).
1895:
1335:Later statements supporting the theory
2591:
2547:Review of Books on the Book of Mormon
2493:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought
2441:. Vol. 2. Salt Lake City, Utah:
2433:
2362:The true origin of the Book of Mormon
2359:
1883:
1842:
1763:
1732:"Origins of the Spaulding Manuscript"
1673:
1600:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought
1078:
2485:
2413:Who Really Wrote the Book of Mormon?
2271:
1866:
1854:
1633:
1593:
1459:
1383:J. H. Beadle's version of the theory
2462:How The Book of Mormon Came to Pass
1143:In 1884, this manuscript, known as
1047:
13:
2488:"The Spalding Theory Then and Now"
2214:Jockers, Witten & Criddle 2008
1322:
1177:
1151:. Some authors claim it parallels
1052:Around 1812, Spalding completed a
997:from an unpublished manuscript by
14:
2770:
2675:
2654:Literary and Linguistic Computing
2630:Literary and Linguistic Computing
2594:"The Mythical 'Manuscript Found'"
1596:"Brodie Revisited: A Reappraisal"
1412:asserts, "fallen on hard times".
1196:Manuscript Story – Conneaut Creek
1164:Manuscript Story – Conneaut Creek
1145:Manuscript Story – Conneaut Creek
2682:
2570:Brigham Young University Studies
2518:Brigham Young University Studies
2186:Book of Mormon Wordprint Studies
2080:Beadle, J. H. (April 15, 1888).
1487:
1286:
1097:
1085:
1021:, who used it in collusion with
2754:Mormonism-related controversies
2322:: National Publishing Company.
2178:
2121:
2073:
2043:
2029:
2015:
2001:
1987:
1968:
1924:
1910:
1901:
1594:Hill, Marvin S. (Winter 1972).
1119:Roman discovery of the Americas
1104:According to Joseph Smith, the
933:Two thousand stripling warriors
888:Pacific Islanders and Mormonism
489:Zeram, Amnor, Manti, and Limher
286:Coriantumr (last Jaredite king)
1724:
1639:
1587:
883:Native Americans and Mormonism
291:Coriantumr (Nephite dissenter)
1:
2612:10.5406/farmsreview.17.2.0007
2339:Who Wrote the Book of Mormon?
1937:New York Courier and Enquirer
1581:
1539:, some of the middle part of
1436:, one of Howe's researchers.
1372:Who Wrote the Book of Mormon?
1223:Latter Day Saint missionaries
947:Outline of the Book of Mormon
802:List of Book of Mormon Videos
1519:, and the first half of the
1419:", Matthew Roper concludes:
1387:In J. H. Beadle's 1870 book
1348:an account of those things.
1190:Hypothetical lost manuscript
1182:An 1885 book printed by the
7:
2419:: Vision House Publishers.
2087:The Salt Lake Daily Tribune
1975:Rigdon, S. (June 8, 1839).
1940:, vol. 7, no. 562
1795:Spaulding, Solomon (1885).
1570:by including and excluding
913:Great and abominable church
10:
2775:
2360:Shook, Charles A. (1914).
2337:Patterson, Robert (1882).
1527:likely produced after the
1688:Encyclopedia of Mormonism
1198:is not the same story as
1031:Latter Day Saint movement
2690:Latter-day Saints portal
2540:Norwood, L. Ara (1989).
2486:Bush, Lester E. (1977).
2392:(1 ed.). New York:
2090:. Salt Lake City, Utah.
1434:Doctor Philastus Hurlbut
1236:, and preached from the
1155:in theme and narrative.
893:Skin color and Mormonism
815:The Book of Mormon Movie
296:Coriantumr (son of Omer)
103:Book of Mormon witnesses
2592:Roper, Matthew (2005).
2389:No Man Knows My History
2345:: L H Everts & CO.
1158:
989:is the theory that the
742:Limited geography model
722:Historical authenticity
2749:Criticism of Mormonism
2744:Book of Mormon studies
2460:Nielsen, Lars (2024).
2439:Early Mormon Documents
2314:Beadle, J. H. (1870).
1695:. pp. 1402–1403.
1679:"Spaulding Manuscript"
1446:
1426:
1311:, who had visited the
1296:
777:Record of the Nephites
120:Spalding–Rigdon theory
2417:Santa Ana, California
2247:"Rebuttal to Jockers"
2144:, p. Title page.
1945:Arrington, Leonard J.
1932:Bennett, James Gordon
1464:Computer analyses of
1441:
1421:
1294:
1204:The Los Angeles Times
863:Engraved metal plates
808:How Rare a Possession
2368:: Standard Pub. Co.
2301:Winchester, Benjamin
2231:Schaalje et al. 2011
2082:"The 'Golden Bible'"
1693:Macmillan Publishing
1309:James Gordon Bennett
1067:and reportedly took
822:Passage to Zarahemla
2285:: Telegraph Press.
1959:(3), archived from
1651:solomonspalding.com
1554:View of the Hebrews
1529:lost pages incident
1478:First Book of Nephi
1430:Benjamin Winchester
1127:Honolulu Manuscript
1121:. It is called the
928:Tree of life vision
459:Samuel the Lamanite
2739:Authorship debates
2717:"Spaulding Again?"
2667:10.1093/llc/fqq029
2643:10.1093/llc/fqn040
2464:. self-published.
2278:Mormonism Unvailed
2249:. 21 February 2011
1572:Alexander Hamilton
1525:The Book of Mormon
1494:The Book of Mormon
1466:The Book of Mormon
1449:Daniel C. Peterson
1364:introduced him to
1345:The Book of Mormon
1329:The Book of Mormon
1305:The Book of Mormon
1297:
1267:The Book of Mormon
1254:Mormonism Unvailed
1245:The Book of Mormon
1208:The Book of Mormon
1153:The Book of Mormon
1123:Oberlin Manuscript
1079:Oberlin manuscript
1042:The Book of Mormon
1035:The Book of Mormon
1008:Mormonism Unvailed
923:Solomon Chamberlin
918:Secret combination
241:Amaleki (explorer)
2283:Painesville, Ohio
2160:(26 April 2012).
1683:Ludlow, Daniel H.
1567:Federalist Papers
1460:Computer analysis
1410:Maxwell Institute
1393:Manuscript, Found
1073:Manuscript, Found
1069:Manuscript, Found
1061:Manuscript, Found
983:
982:
903:Reformed Egyptian
868:Gadianton robbers
853:Curelom and cumom
172:Anti-Nephi-Lehies
2766:
2725:, September 1977
2713:Orson Scott Card
2698:Spalding Studies
2692:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2670:
2646:
2623:
2588:
2586:
2563:
2560:10.2307/44796857
2536:
2534:
2511:
2509:
2507:10.2307/45227625
2480:Journal articles
2475:
2456:
2430:
2428:
2407:
2405:
2379:
2377:
2356:
2354:
2333:
2331:
2310:
2296:
2294:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2243:
2234:
2228:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2174:on Nov 12, 2020.
2170:. Archived from
2158:Peterson, Daniel
2154:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2119:
2118:, pp. 30–1.
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2053:. Archived from
2047:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1977:"Communications"
1972:
1966:
1964:
1941:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1826:Internet Archive
1823:
1821:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1761:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1738:. Archived from
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1613:10.2307/45224368
1591:
1418:
1299:The theory that
1200:Manuscript Found
1101:
1089:
1048:Spalding's works
999:Solomon Spalding
975:
968:
961:
908:Record of Zeniff
898:Urim and Thummim
782:Urim and Thummim
732:Killing of Laban
674:Waters of Mormon
669:Valley of Nimrod
379:Laman and Lemuel
271:Brother of Jared
236:Amaleki (scribe)
226:Alma the Younger
42:
19:
18:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2729:
2728:
2688:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2673:
2472:
2453:
2443:Signature Books
2394:Alfred A. Knopf
2262:
2252:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2229:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2183:
2179:
2155:
2148:
2142:Winchester 1840
2140:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2102:
2098:
2078:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1973:
1969:
1929:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1819:
1817:
1793:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1762:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1736:Oberlin College
1730:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1703:
1675:Chase, Lance D.
1672:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1625:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1521:Book of Helaman
1490:
1462:
1416:
1406:
1385:
1362:Peter Ingersoll
1337:
1325:
1323:Rigdon's denial
1289:
1226:Samuel H. Smith
1219:
1192:
1180:
1178:Full manuscript
1172:American Indian
1161:
1149:Oberlin College
1113:
1102:
1093:
1090:
1081:
1050:
979:
939:
938:
937:
878:Monetary system
842:
834:
833:
832:
796:
788:
787:
786:
772:Plates of Nephi
761:
753:
752:
751:
747:Mosiah priority
696:
688:
687:
686:
684:
603:
593:
592:
563:Book of Helaman
548:Words of Mormon
513:
505:
504:
503:
190:
180:
179:
178:
134:
126:
125:
124:
113:Eight Witnesses
108:Three Witnesses
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2772:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2727:
2726:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2677:
2676:External links
2674:
2672:
2671:
2647:
2637:(4): 465–491.
2624:
2589:
2564:
2537:
2512:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2471:979-8990232105
2470:
2457:
2451:
2431:
2415:(1 ed.).
2408:
2384:Brodie, Fawn M
2380:
2357:
2334:
2311:
2297:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2235:
2218:
2206:
2194:
2177:
2146:
2134:
2120:
2108:
2096:
2072:
2068:Patterson 1882
2060:
2057:on 2016-10-22.
2042:
2028:
2014:
2000:
1986:
1967:
1923:
1909:
1900:
1898:, p. 424.
1888:
1871:
1869:, p. 279.
1859:
1847:
1835:
1787:
1775:
1753:
1742:on 22 May 2014
1723:
1701:
1663:
1638:
1623:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1498:Oliver Cowdery
1489:
1486:
1461:
1458:
1405:
1402:
1384:
1381:
1336:
1333:
1324:
1321:
1288:
1285:
1238:Book of Mormon
1234:Conneaut, Ohio
1218:
1216:Book of Mormon
1214:Similarity to
1212:
1191:
1188:
1179:
1176:
1160:
1157:
1138:Conneaut Creek
1115:
1114:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1049:
1046:
1027:Oliver Cowdery
991:Book of Mormon
981:
980:
978:
977:
970:
963:
955:
952:
951:
950:
949:
941:
940:
936:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
873:Lost 116 pages
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
844:
843:
840:
839:
836:
835:
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830:
825:
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811:
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779:
774:
769:
763:
762:
759:
758:
755:
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750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
698:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
664:Valley of Alma
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
605:
604:
599:
598:
595:
594:
591:
590:
588:Book of Moroni
585:
580:
578:Book of Mormon
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
553:Book of Mosiah
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
514:
511:
510:
507:
506:
502:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
474:Three Nephites
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
364:King Mosiah II
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
339:Jaredite kings
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
276:Captain Moroni
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
221:Alma the Elder
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
192:
191:
186:
185:
182:
181:
177:
176:
175:
174:
164:
163:
162:
157:
152:
142:
136:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:
123:
122:
117:
116:
115:
110:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
78:Oliver Cowdery
75:
70:
65:
60:
54:
53:
48:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
32:Book of Mormon
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2771:
2760:
2759:Sidney Rigdon
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2680:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2577:(3): 89–108.
2576:
2572:
2571:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2525:(3): 225–51.
2524:
2520:
2519:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2452:1-56085-093-0
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2395:
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2390:
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2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
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2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2215:
2210:
2203:
2198:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2143:
2138:
2130:
2124:
2117:
2112:
2105:
2100:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2038:
2032:
2024:
2018:
2010:
2004:
1996:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1963:on 2013-10-21
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1919:
1913:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1868:
1863:
1857:, p. 60.
1856:
1851:
1845:, p. 71.
1844:
1839:
1832:
1827:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1791:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1765:
1760:
1758:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1702:0-02-879602-0
1698:
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1690:
1689:
1684:
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1676:
1670:
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1648:
1642:
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1605:
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1586:
1579:
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1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1557:
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1550:
1546:
1542:
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1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1488:Jockers study
1485:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1366:Sidney Rigdon
1363:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1341:
1332:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:Sidney Rigdon
1295:Sidney Rigdon
1293:
1287:Sidney Rigdon
1284:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1269:in her study
1268:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1251:'s 1834 book
1250:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1111:
1110:Mount Cumorah
1107:
1100:
1095:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1075:unpublished.
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:Sidney Rigdon
1016:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1005:'s 1834 book
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
976:
971:
969:
964:
962:
957:
956:
954:
953:
948:
945:
944:
943:
942:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
838:
837:
829:
826:
824:
823:
819:
817:
816:
812:
810:
809:
805:
803:
800:
799:
792:
791:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
757:
756:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
699:
692:
691:
685:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
602:
597:
596:
589:
586:
584:
583:Book of Ether
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
538:Book of Jarom
536:
534:
531:
529:
528:Book of Jacob
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
509:
508:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
359:King Mosiah I
357:
355:
352:
350:
349:King Benjamin
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
193:
189:
184:
183:
173:
170:
169:
168:
165:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
146:
143:
141:
138:
137:
130:
129:
121:
118:
114:
111:
109:
106:
105:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
93:Martin Harris
91:
89:
88:David Whitmer
86:
84:
83:Sidney Rigdon
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
63:Golden plates
61:
59:
56:
55:
51:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
2720:
2661:(1): 71–88.
2658:
2652:
2634:
2628:
2603:
2599:FARMS Review
2597:
2574:
2568:
2551:
2545:
2522:
2516:
2500:(4): 40–69.
2497:
2491:
2461:
2438:
2412:
2388:
2361:
2343:Philadelphia
2338:
2320:Philadelphia
2316:Life in Utah
2315:
2305:
2277:
2273:Howe, Eber D
2251:. Retrieved
2209:
2197:
2180:
2172:the original
2167:Deseret News
2165:
2137:
2123:
2111:
2099:
2091:
2085:
2075:
2063:
2055:the original
2045:
2031:
2017:
2003:
1989:
1980:
1970:
1961:the original
1956:
1952:
1935:
1926:
1912:
1903:
1891:
1862:
1850:
1838:
1829:
1824:– via
1818:. Retrieved
1803:Lamoni, Iowa
1797:
1790:
1783:Norwood 1989
1778:
1744:. Retrieved
1740:the original
1726:
1714:. Retrieved
1691:. New York:
1686:
1654:. Retrieved
1650:
1641:
1617:
1606:(4): 72–85.
1603:
1599:
1589:
1577:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1552:
1524:
1506:
1502:
1493:
1491:
1482:Book of Alma
1470:
1465:
1463:
1454:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1427:
1422:
1414:
1407:
1397:
1392:
1389:Life in Utah
1388:
1386:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1359:
1354:Commonwealth
1353:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1304:
1298:
1280:
1278:Hudson, Ohio
1275:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1244:
1242:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1181:
1163:
1162:
1152:
1144:
1142:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1108:took him to
1106:angel Moroni
1072:
1068:
1060:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1023:Joseph Smith
1012:
1006:
986:
984:
828:Translations
820:
813:
806:
702:Anachronisms
683:
573:Fourth Nephi
558:Book of Alma
543:Book of Omni
533:Book of Enos
523:Second Nephi
216:Angel Moroni
119:
68:Joseph Smith
2202:Hilton 1990
2116:Beadle 1870
2104:Beadle 1870
1981:Quincy Whig
1953:BYU Studies
1896:Brodie 1945
1549:Ethan Smith
1262:Fawn Brodie
1033:by reading
995:plagiarized
993:was partly
795:Adaptations
737:Linguistics
707:Archaeology
659:River Sidon
568:Third Nephi
518:First Nephi
98:Lucy Harris
2733:Categories
2435:Vogel, Dan
2366:Cincinnati
1884:Roper 2005
1843:Shook 1914
1831:publishers
1764:Reeve 1996
1582:References
1317:Manchester
1260:Historian
1249:E. D. Howe
1230:Orson Hyde
1131:historical
1129:. It is a
1065:Pittsburgh
1054:historical
1011: [
1003:E. D. Howe
246:Amalickiah
150:Amalekites
73:Emma Smith
2620:162990806
2554:: 80–88.
2426:20346116M
2403:14625788M
2329:14482259M
2292:24166499M
1867:Howe 1834
1855:Bush 1977
1634:Howe 1834
1619:credence.
1428:In 1840,
1368:in 1827.
1221:In 1832,
717:Criticism
679:Zarahemla
629:Bountiful
624:Antiparah
614:Ammonihah
601:Geography
414:Moronihah
374:Lachoneus
354:King Noah
167:Lamanites
160:Zoramites
155:Amlicites
140:Jaredites
2584:43042234
2532:43042358
2437:(1998).
2386:(1945).
2375:7222794M
2352:6025689M
2303:(1840).
2275:(1834).
2253:28 April
1947:(1970),
1711:24502140
1677:(1992).
1281:Observer
1232:visited
1174:tribes.
727:Genetics
695:Analysis
619:Ani-Anti
479:Zedekiah
251:Aminadab
145:Nephites
24:a series
22:Part of
2188:at the
1815:8062295
1685:(ed.).
1541:3 Nephi
1537:2 Nephi
1533:1 Nephi
1313:Palmyra
1194:Though
1168:England
1134:romance
1057:romance
858:Deseret
767:Liahona
760:Objects
644:Jershon
639:Cumorah
484:Zeezrom
469:Teancum
444:Paanchi
324:Ishmael
319:Helaman
311:Gazelem
281:Cezoram
256:Ammoron
201:Abinadi
188:Persons
133:Peoples
58:Cumorah
2722:Ensign
2618:
2581:
2529:
2468:
2449:
2423:
2400:
2372:
2349:
2326:
2289:
1813:
1709:
1699:
1545:Moroni
1515:, and
1509:Mosiah
634:Cumeni
499:Zenock
494:Zeniff
454:Sariah
404:Moroni
399:Mormon
384:Lamoni
344:Joseph
315:Gideon
266:Amulek
50:Origin
26:on the
2616:S2CID
2579:JSTOR
2527:JSTOR
2266:Books
2192:wiki.
1820:7 May
1746:7 May
1716:7 May
1681:. In
1656:7 May
1517:Ether
841:Other
654:Nahom
649:Moron
512:Books
434:Omner
429:Nehor
424:Nephi
419:Mulek
409:Moron
394:Limhi
369:Laban
334:Jared
329:Jacob
306:Ether
261:Ammah
231:Akish
211:Ammon
206:Abish
196:Aaron
2466:ISBN
2447:ISBN
2255:2012
2190:FAIR
1822:2021
1811:OCLC
1770:help
1748:2021
1718:2021
1707:OCLC
1697:ISBN
1658:2021
1513:Alma
1303:was
1228:and
1159:Plot
1025:and
985:The
609:List
464:Shiz
439:Omni
389:Lehi
301:Enos
2663:doi
2639:doi
2608:doi
2556:doi
2502:doi
1942:in
1608:doi
1551:'s
1273:.)
1140:".
1125:or
1014:sic
449:Sam
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2281:.
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2221:^
2164:.
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1955:,
1951:,
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