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over just eight percent or fewer of the total available hosting registrars and autonomous systems, with 80 percent of spam programs overall being distributed over just 20 percent of all registrars and autonomous systems; 2) of the 76 purchases for which the researchers received transaction information, there were only 13 distinct banks acting as credit card acquirers and only three banks provided the payment servicing for 95 percent of the spam-advertised goods in the study; and, 3) a "financial blacklist" of banking entities that do business with spammers would dramatically reduce monetization of unwanted e-mails. Moreover, this blacklist could be updated far more rapidly than spammers could acquire new banking resources, an asymmetry favoring anti-spam efforts.
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838:'s Internal Market Commission estimated in 2001 that "junk email" cost Internet users €10 billion per year worldwide. The California legislature found that spam cost United States organizations alone more than $ 13 billion in 2007, including lost productivity and the additional equipment, software, and manpower needed to combat the problem. Spam's direct effects include the consumption of computer and network resources, and the cost in human time and attention of dismissing unwanted messages. Large companies who are frequent spam targets utilize numerous techniques to detect and prevent spam.
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623:. This is nearly identical to telemarketing calls over traditional phone lines. When the user chooses to receive the spam call, a pre-recorded spam message or advertisement is usually played back. This is generally easier for the spammer as VoIP services are cheap and easy to anonymize over the Internet, and there are many options for sending mass number of calls from a single location. Accounts or IP addresses being used for VoIP spam can usually be identified by a large number of outgoing calls, low call completion and short call length.
203:, who would repeat "Spam" a huge number of times to scroll other users' text off the screen. In early chat-room services like PeopleLink and the early days of Online America (later known as America Online or AOL), they actually flooded the screen with quotes from the Monty Python sketch. This was used as a tactic by insiders of a group that wanted to drive newcomers out of the room so the usual conversation could continue. It was also used to prevent members of rival groups from chatting—for instance,
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a sufficient conversion rate to keep the spamming alive. Furthermore, even though spam appears not to be economically viable as a way for a reputable company to do business, it suffices for professional spammers to convince a tiny proportion of gullible advertisers that it is viable for those spammers to stay in business. Finally, new spammers go into business every day, and the low costs allow a single spammer to do a lot of harm before finally realizing that the business is not profitable.
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exponentially over the following years, and by 2007 it constituted about 80% to 85% of all e-mail, by a conservative estimate. Pressure to make email spam illegal has resulted in legislation in some jurisdictions, but less so in others. The efforts taken by governing bodies, security systems and email service providers seem to be helping to reduce the volume of email spam. According to "2014 Internet
Security Threat Report, Volume 19" published by
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that account owner follows the spammer back, it legitimizes the spammer. Twitter has studied what interest structures allow their users to receive interesting tweets and avoid spam, despite the site using the broadcast model, in which all tweets from a user are broadcast to all followers of the user. Spammers, out of malicious intent, post either unwanted (or irrelevant) information or spread misinformation on social media platforms.
574:, offensive, or simply on-screen text of a link to the site being promoted. In some cases, the link in question may lead to an online survey site, a password-protected archive file with instructions leading to the aforementioned survey (though the survey, and the archive file itself, is worthless and does not contain the file in question at all), or in extreme cases,
467:. This can be especially irritating to customers not only for the inconvenience, but also because of the fee they may be charged per text message received in some markets. To comply with CAN-SPAM regulations in the US, SMS messages now must provide options of HELP and STOP, the latter to end communication with the advertiser via SMS altogether.
1173:, Nigeria, the previous November. Fiedler shipped out $ 609,000 fake check and money orders when arrested and prepared to send additional $ 1.1 million counterfeit materials. Also, the U.S. Postal Service recently intercepted counterfeit checks, lottery tickets and eBay overpayment schemes with a value of $ 2.1 billion.
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that it may be responsible for sending billions of illegal spam messages. The US District Court froze the defendants' assets to preserve them for consumer redress pending trial. U.S. co-defendant Jody Smith forfeited more than $ 800,000 and faces up to five years in prison for charges to which he pleaded guilty.
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Earthlink won a $ 25 million judgment against one of the most notorious and active "spammers" Khan C. Smith in 2001 for his role in founding the modern spam industry which dealt billions in economic damage and established thousands of spammers into the industry. His email efforts were said to make up
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to the entire email system, as operated in the past. Since email is so cheap to send, a tiny number of spammers can saturate the
Internet with junk mail. Although only a tiny percentage of their targets are motivated to purchase their products (or fall victim to their scams), the low cost may provide
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In
January 2007, a Sheriff Court in Scotland awarded Mr. Gordon Dick £750 (the then maximum sum that could be awarded in a Small Claim action) plus expenses of £618.66, a total of £1368.66 against Transcom Internet Services Ltd. for breaching anti-spam laws. Transcom had been legally represented at
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In an attempt to assess potential legal and technical strategies for stopping illegal spam, a study cataloged three months of online spam data and researched website naming and hosting infrastructures. The study concluded that: 1) half of all spam programs have their domains and servers distributed
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Despite the high number of phone users, there has not been so much phone spam, because there is a charge for sending SMS. Recently, there are also observations of mobile phone spam delivered via browser push notifications. These can be a result of allowing websites which are malicious or delivering
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Newsgroup spam is a type of spam where the targets are Usenet newsgroups. Spamming of Usenet newsgroups actually pre-dates e-mail spam. Usenet convention defines spamming as excessive multiple posting, that is, the repeated posting of a message (or substantially similar messages). The prevalence of
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and courier Roland Smits, after raids in
Christchurch. This marked the first prosecution since the Unsolicited Electronic Messages Act (UEMA) was passed in September 2007. The FTC said it had received more than three million complaints about spam messages connected to this operation, and estimated
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Within a few years, the focus of spamming (and anti-spam efforts) moved chiefly to email, where it remains today. By 1999, Khan C. Smith, a well known hacker at the time, had begun to commercialize the bulk email industry and rallied thousands into the business by building more friendly bulk email
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Facebook and
Twitter are not immune to messages containing spam links. Spammers hack into accounts and send false links under the guise of a user's trusted contacts such as friends and family. As for Twitter, spammers gain credibility by following verified accounts such as that of Lady Gaga; when
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is the first and only country to legalize it. According to the
Bulgarian E-Commerce act (Чл.5,6) anyone can send spam to mailboxes published as owned by a company or organization as long as there is a "clear and straight indication that the message is unsolicited commercial e-mail" ("да осигури
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is significant: "The secondary consequence of spamming is that search engine indexes are inundated with useless pages, increasing the cost of each processed query". The costs of spam also include the collateral costs of the struggle between spammers and the administrators and users of the media
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Spamming in mobile app stores include (i) apps that were automatically generated and as a result do not have any specific functionality or a meaningful description; (ii) multiple instances of the same app being published to obtain increased visibility in the app market; and (iii) apps that make
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Spamming remains economically viable because advertisers have no operating costs beyond the management of their mailing lists, servers, infrastructures, IP ranges, and domain names, and it is difficult to hold senders accountable for their mass mailings. The costs, such as lost productivity and
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Email spam, also known as unsolicited bulk email (UBE), or junk mail, is the practice of sending unwanted email messages, frequently with commercial content, in large quantities. Spam in email started to become a problem when the
Internet was opened for commercial use in the mid-1990s. It grew
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This made lawsuits against
Bulgarian ISP's and public e-mail providers with antispam policy possible, as they are obstructing legal commerce activity and thus violate Bulgarian antitrust acts. While there are no such lawsuits until now, several cases of spam obstruction are currently awaiting
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In
October 2008, an international internet spam operation run from New Zealand was cited by American authorities as one of the world's largest, and for a time responsible for up to a third of all unwanted e-mails. In a statement the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) named Christchurch's Lance
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to successfully sue Eric Head who settled the lawsuit for several thousand U.S. dollars in June 2004. But the law is criticized by many for not being effective enough. Indeed, the law was supported by some spammers and organizations that support spamming, and opposed by many in the anti-spam
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Forum spam is the creation of advertising messages on
Internet forums. It is generally done by automated spambots. Most forum spam consists of links to external sites, with the dual goals of increasing search engine visibility in highly competitive areas such as weight loss, pharmaceuticals,
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Despite the statutory tort that is created by the Regulations implementing the EC Directive, few other people have followed their example. As the Courts engage in active case management, such cases would probably now be expected to be settled by mediation and payment of nominal damages.
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is dedicated to collecting email addresses and selling compiled databases. Some of these address-harvesting approaches rely on users not reading the fine print of agreements, resulting in their agreeing to send messages indiscriminately to their contacts. This is a common approach in
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Spreading beyond the centrally managed social networking platforms, user-generated content increasingly appears on business, government, and nonprofit websites worldwide. Fake accounts and comments planted by computers programmed to issue social spam can infiltrate these websites.
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claiming that the film in question has been deleted from the site, and can only be accessed on the link posted by the spambot in the video description. If the video were actually removed by YouTube, the description would be inaccessible and the deletion notification would look
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has to do with so-called "stealth blocking", a term for ISPs employing aggressive spam blocking without their users' knowledge. These groups' concern is that ISPs or technicians seeking to reduce spam-related costs may select tools that (either through error or design) also
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to mean excessive multiple posting—the repeated posting of the same message. The unwanted message would appear in many, if not all newsgroups, just as Spam appeared in all the menu items in the Monty Python sketch. One of the earliest people to use "spam" in this sense was
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on May 3, 1978. Rather than send a separate message to each person, which was the standard practice at the time, he had an assistant, Carl Gartley, write a single mass email. Reaction from the net community was fiercely negative, but the spam did generate some sales.
1182:, 575 F.3d 1040, the Ninth Circuit assessed the standing requirements necessary for a private plaintiff to bring a civil cause of action against spam senders under the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, as well as the scope of the CAN-SPAM Act's federal preemption clause.
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Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Adversarial Information Retrieval on the Web (AIRWeb), 2005 in The 14th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2005) May 10, (Tue) – 14 (Sat), 2005, Nippon Convention Center (Makuhari Messe), Chiba,
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allowed telegraphic messages on its network to be sent to multiple destinations. The first recorded instance of a mass unsolicited commercial telegram is from May 1864, when some British politicians received an unsolicited telegram advertising a dentist.
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is the total expected profit from spam, which may include any combination of the commercial and non-commercial reasons listed above. It is normally linear, based on the incremental benefit of reaching each additional spam recipient, combined with the
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gambling, pornography, real estate or loans, and generating more traffic for these commercial websites. Some of these links contain code to track the spambot's identity; if a sale goes through, the spammer behind the spambot earns a commission.
239:, which had previously only defined "spam" in relation to the trademarked food product, added a second definition to its entry for "spam": "Irrelevant or inappropriate messages sent on the Internet to a large number of newsgroups or users."
853:: spammers use resources (both physical and human), without bearing the entire cost of those resources. In fact, spammers commonly do not bear the cost at all. This raises the costs for everyone. In some ways spam is even a potential
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The law contains other dubious provisions — for example, the creation of a nationwide public electronic register of e-mail addresses that do not want to receive spam. It is usually abused as the perfect source for
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earlier hearings, but were not represented at the proof, so Gordon Dick got his decree by default. It is the largest amount awarded in compensation in the United Kingdom since Roberts v Media Logistics case in 2005.
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lost a case in a federal court against the operator of a small Oklahoma-based Internet service provider who accused him of spamming. U.S. Judge Ralph G. Thompson granted a motion by plaintiff Robert Braver for a
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In actual video spam, the uploaded video is given a name and description with a popular figure or event that is likely to draw attention, or within the video a certain image is timed to come up as the video's
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are not capable of identifying spam attacks. The researchers manipulated the citation counts of articles, and managed to make Google Scholar index complete fake articles, some containing advertising.
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and Cyber Promotions were the target of a string of lawsuits, many of which were settled out of court, up through a 1998 Earthlink settlement that put Cyber Promotions out of business. Attorney
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non-spam e-mail from sites seen as "spam-friendly". Few object to the existence of these tools; it is their use in filtering the mail of users who are not informed of their use that draws fire.
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luncheon meat, does not object to the Internet use of the term "spamming". However, they did ask that the capitalized word "Spam" be reserved to refer to their product and trademark.
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spam", after the subject line of the postings. Defiant in the face of widespread condemnation, the attorneys claimed their detractors were hypocrites or "zealots", claimed they had a
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In June 2007, two men were convicted of eight counts stemming from sending millions of e-mail spam messages that included hardcore pornographic images. Jeffrey A. Kilbride, 41, of
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to distribute spam during 2003. This is the first case in which US prosecutors used identity theft laws to prosecute a spammer for taking over someone else's Internet domain name.
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Atkinson as one of the principals of the operation. New Zealand's Internal Affairs announced it had lodged a $ 200,000 claim in the High Court against Atkinson and his brother
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systems. Although less prevalent than its e-mail counterpart, according to a report from Ferris Research, 500 million spam IMs were sent in 2003, twice the level of 2002.
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Overhead: The costs and overhead of electronic spamming include bandwidth, developing or acquiring an email/blog spam tool, taking over or acquiring a host/zombie, etc.
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in an Internet $ 1 million "Nigerian check scam." She conspired to commit bank, wire and mail fraud, against US citizens, specifically using Internet by having had an
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Brown, Bruce Cameron "How to stop e-mail spam, spyware, malware, computer viruses, and hackers from ruining your computer" Atlantic Publishing Group, 2011.
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Ahmad, Adnan; Azhar, Anique; Naqvi, Sajid; Nawaz, Asif; Arshad, Samia; Zeshan, Furkh; Yousif, Mohammed; Salih, Ali O. M. (2020-03-04). Farouk, Ahmed (ed.).
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Joeran Beel and Bela Gipp. Academic search engine spam and google scholar's resilience against it. Journal of Electronic Publishing, 13(3), December 2010.
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U.S. v Jason Smathers and Sean Dunaway, amended complaint, US District Court for the Southern District of New York (2003). Retrieved 7 March 2007, from
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931:-generated spam has recently been measured to be around one in 12,000,000 for pharmaceutical spam and one in 200,000 for infection sites as used by the
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Dunne, Robert "Computers and the law: an introduction to basic legal principles and their application in cyberspace" Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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893:: The incremental cost of contacting each additional recipient once a method of spamming is constructed, multiplied by the number of recipients (see
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right to send unwanted commercial messages, and labeled their opponents "anti-commerce radicals". The couple wrote a controversial book entitled
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E-mail and other forms of spamming have been used for purposes other than advertisements. Many early Usenet spams were religious or political.
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decision in the Bulgarian Antitrust Commission (Комисия за защита на конкуренцията) and can end with serious fines for the ISPs in question.
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image to mislead the viewer, such as a still image from a feature film, purporting to be a part-by-part piece of a movie being pirated, e.g.
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by repeatedly placing comments to various blog posts that provided nothing more than a link to the spammer's commercial web site. Similar
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The earliest documented spam (although the term had not yet been coined) was a message advertising the availability of a new model of
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and e-mail media with preaching messages. A growing number of criminals are also using spam to perpetrate various sorts of fraud.
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Even though it is possible in some jurisdictions to treat some spam as unlawful merely by applying existing laws against
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Some companies and groups "rank" spammers; spammers who make the news are sometimes referred to by these rankings.
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to too many newsgroups at once, as opposed to those that were posted too frequently, were called "velveeta" (after
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patrons drown out all conversations with a song, repeating "Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam… Lovely Spam! Wonderful Spam!".
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and Marcos Gonçalves (July 2009). "Detecting Spammers and Content Promoters in Online Video Social Networks".
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In all cases listed above, including both commercial and non-commercial, "spam happens" because of a positive
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for violating the Florida Electronic Mail Communications Act. The two spammers were required to pay $ 50,000
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This article is about unsolicited or undesirable electronic messages. For information specific to email, see
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The first major commercial spam incident started on March 5, 1994, when a husband and wife team of lawyers,
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about a restaurant that has Spam in almost every dish in which Vikings annoyingly sing "Spam" repeatedly.
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against him. The judgment includes a statutory damages award of about $ 10 million under Oklahoma law.
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software and providing internet access illegally hacked from major ISPs such as Earthlink and Botnets.
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Ex-AOL employee pleads guilty in spam case. (2005, February 4). CNN. Retrieved 7 March 2007, from
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Kanich, C.; C. Kreibich; K. Levchenko; B. Enright; G. Voelker; V. Paxson; S. Savage (2008-10-28).
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Gupta, Arushi; Kaushal, Rishabh (2015). "Improving spam detection in Online Social Networks".
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There was also an effort to differentiate between types of newsgroup spam. Messages that were
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court and was sentenced to two years imprisonment and five years of supervised release or
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materials. The trial, which began on June 5, was the first to include charges under the
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2015 International Conference on Cognitive Computing and Information Processing(CCIP)
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won £270 against Media Logistics UK who sent junk e-mails to his personal account.
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In the 1980s the term was adopted to describe certain abusive users who frequented
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excessive use of unrelated keywords to attract users through unintended searches.
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Damage: Impact on the community and/or communication channels being spammed (see
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3824:
3643:(MIT Press; 2013) 304 pages; $ 27.95). A cultural and technological history
3465:
3048:
971:
932:
684:
517:
464:
243:
152:
1567:
540:
4639:
4449:
4205:
4039:
4014:
3979:
3814:
3470:
3339:"Woman Gets Two Years for Aiding Nigerian Internet Check Scam (PC World)"
2756:
2698:
1861:
1380:
1352:
1288: – Privacy technique to cloak e-mail addresses (avoidance technique)
1043:
more than a third of all Internet email being sent from 1999 until 2002.
874:
823:
583:
579:
480:
342:
338:
326:
312:
304:
117:
113:
109:
57:
3551:
3522:
2812:
2553:"Spam Mobile Apps: Characteristics, Detection, and in the Wild Analysis"
2083:
4609:
4586:
4459:
4418:
4380:
4270:
4086:
4034:
3917:
3797:
3742:
3002:
2879:
Proceedings of Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS)
2869:
1309:
1166:
1086:
900:
Risks: Chance and severity of legal and/or public reactions, including
688:
650:
demonstrated that most (web-based) academic search engines, especially
567:
431:
374:
235:" messages that clogged many newsgroups during the 1990s. In 1998, the
101:
81:
69:
52:
is the use of messaging systems to send multiple unsolicited messages (
31:
3186:
2296:
Understanding and Combating Link Farming in the Twitter Social Network
1510:"Developer Policy Center – Intellectual Property, Deception, and Spam"
41:
4644:
4624:
4499:
4146:
4101:
4096:
3944:
3912:
1693:
1681:
1385:
1162:
1117:
672:
612:
607:
555:
529:
509:
292:
games, to fill their rivals' accounts with unwanted electronic junk.
228:
211:
205:
89:
3710:
Federal Trade Commission page with spam reduction tips and reporting
3704:
2592:"'Spam, spam, spam, spam … Lovely spam!' Why is Bluespam different?"
2568:
1327: – Distribution of advertising by direct mail or letterbox drop
1096:
was sentenced to six years in prison, and James R. Schaffer, 41, of
341:. However, as it was a violation of their terms of service, the ISP
4689:
4599:
4484:
4464:
4064:
3927:
3388:
1403:
1346:
1229:
1007:
960:
571:
247:
105:
65:
3731:
3198:
U.S. District Court - Western District of Oklahoma (Oklahoma City)
4571:
4489:
4423:
4116:
4091:
4054:
2978:"Click Trajectories: End-to-End Analysis of the Spam Value Chain"
2872:"Spamalytics: An Empirical Analysis of Spam Marketing Conversion"
1394:
1368:
1335:
1147:
901:
894:
582:-like format selling their product which feature actors and paid
575:
545:
397:
281:
3106:"On the dark side of the planet temperatures average 110amp160K"
337:
attempting to raise funds to rescue children at risk during the
3974:
3889:
1057:
in 1997 for sending prodigious amounts of spam advertising his
1019:
1018:
that provided ISPs with tools to combat spam. This act allowed
928:
692:
563:
330:
300:
223:
189:
56:) to large numbers of recipients for the purpose of commercial
3684:, 2014-15 (including 2008–2013) over 35,000 spam emails listed
3580:
3288:"Crist: Judgment Ends Duo's Illegal Spam, Internet Operations"
2798:
Rao, Justin M.; Reiley, David H. (2012), "Economics of Spam",
356:
By 2009 the majority of spam sent around the World was in the
4649:
4408:
2052:
1170:
1109:
3709:
2277:"Marketers need to build trust as spam hits social networks"
2041:
Spammers go multilingual, use automatic translation services
1417:, also known as vishing – Phishing attack via telephony
1228:
While most countries either outlaw or at least ignore spam,
1169:
who shipped counterfeit checks and money orders to her from
215:
chat rooms, filling the space with blocks of text until the
3681:
616:
525:
513:
3723:
Overview and text of the first known internet e-mail spam.
3717:
BitDefender's weekly report on spam trends and techniques.
3648:"Inside the spam cartel: trade secrets from the dark side"
2169:
1365:) – List of e-mail servers suspected of enabling spam
288:
Spamming had been practiced as a prank by participants in
27:
Unsolicited electronic messages, especially advertisements
3734:: a peer-reviewed spam information and analysis resource.
1388: – bulk unsolicited automatic phone calls using VoIP
1143:
1101:
334:
175:
45:
An email inbox containing a large amount of spam messages
3290:. Office of the Florida Attorney General. Archived from
3264:. Office of the Florida Attorney General. Archived from
3262:"Crist Announces First Case Under Florida Anti-Spam Law"
2461:
Fabrício Benevenuto, Tiago Rodrigues, Virgílio Almeida,
345:
deleted all of the bulk posts from Usenet, only missing
72:, the term is applied to similar abuses in other media:
3187:
Braver v. Newport Internet Marketing Corporation et al.
2724:"Spam Cost Calculator: Calculate enterprise spam cost?"
2596:
International Review of Law, Computers & Technology
1399:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1397: – Poetic verse composed from spam e-mail contents
1320:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1294: – Type of confidence trick fraud (Nigerian spam)
4362:
3650:, Elsevier/Syngress; 1st edition, November 27, 2004.
2316:"On the Precision of Social and Information Networks"
1069:
employee, pleaded guilty to charges of violating the
638:
and are used to obtain citation data for calculating
535:
441:
as an objective measure of a message's "spamminess".
396:
such as that generated by the social networking site
317:
How to Make a Fortune on the Information Superhighway
2065:
1598:
1447:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1432:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1390:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1266:
1146:
to cover the costs of investigation by the state of
990:
An ongoing concern expressed by parties such as the
873:
result; if the cost to recipients is excluded as an
307:
law services. The incident was commonly termed the "
1131:In 2005, Scott J. Filary and Donald E. Townsend of
384:, spam volume dropped to 66% of all email traffic.
280:computers sent by Gary Thuerk to 393 recipients on
3682:"Spam Archive list of spam from traceable sources"
3458:
2651:. Harvard University. 73 F.3d 497 (2d Cir. 1996).
2286:, Grace Bello, Direct Marketing News, June 1, 2012
1450:Pages displaying short descriptions with no spaces
951:or other malicious software. The objective may be
2975:
2897:
2895:
2196:"Social network launches worldwide spam campaign"
2138:"2014 Internet Security Threat Report, Volume 19"
2068:"A methodology for sender-oriented anti-spamming"
1306: – Deliberate use of someone else's identity
4709:
2948:
2942:
1741:
1739:
333:also occurred in 1994 on behalf of CitiHope, an
2926:"'Spam King' Robert Alan Soloway Pleads Guilty"
560:Big Buck Bunny Full Movie Online - Part 1/10 HD
2892:
2224:
2218:
2056:. July 28, 2009. Retrieved on August 31, 2009.
1679:
1377: – Organization targetting email spammers
4348:
3758:
3416:"Gordon Dick v Transcom Internet Service Ltd"
2747:
1829:
1770:
1747:"Origin of the term "spam" to mean net abuse"
1736:
1673:
1462: – Policy of blocking and deleting posts
897:as a method of increasing transaction costs).
703:In 2011 the origins of spam were analyzed by
3700:Anti-Spam Consumer Resources and Information
3162:"Ex-AOL employee pleads guilty in spam case"
2484:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2345:
1881:
1652:
1318: – Attempt to defraud a person or group
498:
471:malicious ads to send a user notifications.
2985:2011 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
2904:"Alleged 'Seattle Spammer' arrested - CNET"
2550:
966:One of the world's most prolific spammers,
671:Bluespam, or the action of sending spam to
578:. Others may upload videos presented in an
4355:
4341:
3765:
3751:
3705:Cybertelecom:: Federal spam law and policy
3695:1 December 2009: arrest of a major spammer
2699:"California business and professions code"
2072:Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems
1355: – Spam on social networking services
1190:In the first successful case of its kind,
437:Usenet spam led to the development of the
4309:Security information and event management
3466:"Kiwi spam network was 'World's biggest'"
3241:Two Men Convicted Of Spamming Pornography
2992:
2811:
2797:
2527:
2525:
2409:"Social spam is taking over the Internet"
2406:
1980:"A very unhappy birthday to spam, age 30"
1594:
1592:
474:
116:and file sharing spam. It is named after
3772:
2649:"Hormel Foods Corp. v. Jim Henson Prods"
2305:, Max Planck Centre for Computer Science
1157:, on June 25, 2008, pleaded guilty in a
829:
539:
146:
64:, or any prohibited purpose (especially
40:
3605:
3441:"Article 13-Unsolicited communications"
3356:
3314:"Woman gets prison for 'Nigerian' scam"
2976:Levchenko, Kirill; et al. (2011).
2492:
2193:
1764:
1656:Spam - Monty Python's The Flying Circus
758:
698:
14:
4710:
3641:Spam: A Shadow History of the Internet
2951:"Spam Kingpin Robert Soloway Arrested"
2522:
2143:. Symantec Corporation. Archived from
1973:
1971:
1969:
1916:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1589:
678:
421:
151:Menu from a 2014 stage performance of
135:A person who creates spam is called a
128:fraud, are borne by the public and by
4336:
4286:Host-based intrusion detection system
3746:
2957:from the original on 17 December 2018
2589:
2438:The (Evil) Genius of Comment Spammers
2233:from the original on 17 December 2018
2206:from the original on October 23, 2011
1977:
1545:(definition & more). 2012-08-31.
1300: – Methods to prevent email spam
459:Mobile phone spam is directed at the
363:
3396:from the original on 29 October 2011
3203:
3086:from the original on August 15, 2002
3082:. BizJournals.com. BizJournals.com.
2949:SPAMfighter News (6 November 2007).
2901:
2763:from the original on 28 January 2011
2194:Hansell, Saul (September 13, 2007),
1838:from the original on 31 January 2009
1371: – Email spam reporting service
414:Instant messaging spam makes use of
403:
4317:Runtime application self-protection
3738:Why am I getting all this spam? CDT
3646:Sjouwerman, Stu; Posluns, Jeffrey,
3384:"Businessman wins e-mail spam case"
3215:United States Department of Justice
3168:from the original on 28 August 2010
3077:
2021:from the original on April 17, 2014
1966:
1929:from the original on 11 August 2016
1790:
1359:Spam and Open Relay Blocking System
985:
814:
617:VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
24:
4542:Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse
3868:
3727:Slamming Spamming Resource on Spam
3633:
3478:from the original on 10 March 2014
2753:"Using data to help prevent fraud"
2629:Cisco 2011 Annual Security Report
2008:
1949:"Reaction to the DEC Spam of 1978"
1349: – Form of social engineering
1124:, according to a release from the
1033:E-mail spam legislation by country
644:University of California, Berkeley
626:
536:Spam targeting video sharing sites
250:), but this term did not persist.
25:
4764:
4527:Challenge–response spam filtering
4364:Unsolicited digital communication
4249:Security-focused operating system
3688:
3138:. thesmokinggun.com. 2010-07-14.
3059:from the original on 22 June 2020
2551:Seneviratne, Suranga (Apr 2017).
2419:from the original on 1 March 2013
2227:"Spim, Like Spam, Is On The Rise"
1990:from the original on May 19, 2023
1832:"Spam blights e-mail 15 years on"
1680:Hambridge, S.; Lunde, A. (1999).
1646:
1185:
621:SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
297:Laurence Canter and Martha Siegel
4045:Insecure direct object reference
3721:Reaction to the DEC Spam of 1978
3715:Malware City - The Spam Omelette
3552:"Закон За Електронната Търговия"
3136:"Pair Nabbed In AOL Spam Scheme"
2800:Journal of Economic Perspectives
2500:"Toy Story 3 movie scam warning"
2225:Thomas Claburn (30 March 2004).
1802:"At 30, Spam Going Nowhere Soon"
1269:
1037:
864:
544:Screenshot from a spam video on
237:New Oxford Dictionary of English
178:sketch comedy television series
4299:Information security management
3620:from the original on 2007-09-05
3606:Specter, Michael (2007-08-06).
3569:
3558:from the original on 2013-07-24
3544:
3533:from the original on 2021-06-18
3515:
3504:from the original on 2013-06-26
3490:
3447:from the original on 2008-06-06
3433:
3422:from the original on 2014-06-05
3408:
3376:
3331:
3320:from the original on 2017-12-26
3306:
3280:
3254:
3232:
3221:from the original on 2007-10-15
3180:
3153:
3142:from the original on 2009-12-01
3127:
3116:from the original on 2018-04-13
3098:
3071:
3041:
3030:from the original on 2016-01-20
2969:
2917:
2863:
2852:from the original on 2012-01-12
2838:
2819:
2791:
2775:
2741:
2730:from the original on 2013-07-24
2716:
2705:from the original on 2013-08-28
2691:
2680:from the original on 2009-01-15
2666:
2655:from the original on 2014-10-28
2641:
2622:
2583:
2544:
2454:
2431:
2400:
2339:
2328:from the original on 2021-03-08
2308:
2289:
2270:
2259:from the original on 2019-03-23
2245:
2187:
2176:from the original on 2013-09-27
2162:
2130:
2106:
2059:
2033:
2002:
1955:from the original on 2013-07-30
1941:
1919:"Ideas & Trends; Spamology"
1910:
1899:from the original on 2011-06-05
1870:from the original on 2014-10-17
1850:
1830:Darren Waters (31 March 2008).
1823:
1812:from the original on 2019-04-21
1779:from the original on 2014-07-19
1753:from the original on 2012-07-16
1725:from the original on 2019-12-16
1719:"The Origin of the word 'Spam'"
1700:from the original on 2010-08-01
1635:from the original on 2020-02-15
1578:from the original on 2012-02-24
1549:from the original on 2019-03-23
1520:from the original on 2016-05-14
1479:
1439: – Electronic chain letter
448:
258:
120:, a luncheon meat, by way of a
112:, spam mobile apps, television
3251:InformationWeek, June 26, 2007
2934:. Mar 17, 2008. Archived from
1889:"Getting the message, at last"
1711:
1560:
1531:
1502:
1430: – American email spammer
1209:
1026:
996:American Civil Liberties Union
992:Electronic Frontier Foundation
877:the spammer can avoid paying.
657:
489:
13:
1:
3164:. CNN.com. February 5, 2005.
2846:"The 10 Worst ROKSO Spammers"
2255:. lotsofways.de. 2018-10-18.
1467:
1248:
278:Digital Equipment Corporation
1495:
666:
601:
524:are often performed against
271:
222:It later came to be used on
181:Monty Python's Flying Circus
142:
7:
4304:Information risk management
4225:Multi-factor authentication
3781:Related security categories
3680:The Spam Archive | Spamdex
2557:ACM Transactions on the Web
1917:Zeller, Tom (1 June 2003).
1653:Monty Python (2009-01-13),
1618:. New York, NY: ACM Press.
1342:Network Abuse Clearinghouse
1262:
1223:
943:Spam can be used to spread
938:
807:
801:
796:
790:
785:
779:
774:
766:
753:
747:
742:
736:
731:
725:
634:enable researchers to find
98:mobile phone messaging spam
10:
4769:
4753:Online advertising methods
4562:Naive Bayes spam filtering
4281:Intrusion detection system
4239:Computer security software
3895:Advanced persistent threat
3598:
3365:Gordon v. Virtumundo, Inc.
2827:"TOP 10 spam service ISPs"
2407:Dan Tynan (3 April 2012).
1978:Abate, Tom (May 3, 2008).
1800:Thuerk, Gary; Furr, Joel,
1543:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
1338: – Malicious software
1312: – Type of email spam
1256:news.admin.net-abuse.email
1179:Gordon v. Virtumundo, Inc.
1030:
927:. The conversion rate for
605:
566:, trainer, ISO file for a
502:
478:
452:
425:
407:
372:
263:In the late 19th century,
253:
130:Internet service providers
29:
4663:
4585:
4512:
4442:
4379:
4370:
4180:
3880:
3866:
3860:Digital rights management
3780:
3373: (9th Cir. 2009).
2608:10.1080/13600860902742513
2356:10.1109/CCIP.2015.7100738
1243:e-mail address harvesting
849:Email spam exemplifies a
841:The cost to providers of
499:Blog, wiki, and guestbook
167:is derived from the 1970
4537:Disposable email address
4399:Directory harvest attack
4005:Denial-of-service attack
3900:Arbitrary code execution
3579:. Kzp.bg. Archived from
1866:(4.4.7 ed.), CatB,
1568:"The Definition of Spam"
1472:
1137:Florida Attorney General
1116:, and transportation of
1098:Paradise Valley, Arizona
846:threatened by spamming.
820:Hormel Foods Corporation
389:email address harvesting
368:
4215:Computer access control
4167:Rogue security software
3830:Electromagnetic warfare
3500:. Ftc.gov. 2011-06-24.
3110:www.brechtweigelhaus.de
2119:. MAAWG. Archived from
1984:San Francisco Chronicle
1055:Tennessee Supreme Court
883:is the combination of:
642:. Researchers from the
632:Academic search engines
588:standards and practices
562:, a link to a supposed
184:. The sketch, set in a
4261:Obfuscation (software)
3990:Browser Helper Objects
3874:
3554:. Lex.bg. 2011-08-14.
2350:. IEEE. pp. 1–6.
2114:"Email Metrics Report"
2011:"Twenty Years of Spam"
851:tragedy of the commons
550:
475:Social networking spam
394:social networking spam
160:
106:junk fax transmissions
82:Web search engine spam
74:instant messaging spam
46:
34:. For other uses, see
4256:Data-centric security
4137:Remote access trojans
3872:
3732:Spamtrackers SpamWiki
3443:. Eur-lex.europa.eu.
3371:575 F.3d 1040
2881:. Alexandria, VA, USA
2749:Ghosemajumder, Shuman
2590:Kosta, Eleni (2009).
1773:"The Origins of Spam"
1604:Garcia-Molina, Hector
1126:Department of Justice
1053:was disbarred by the
871:cost–benefit analysis
830:Cost–benefit analyses
543:
303:posting to advertise
150:
94:online classified ads
78:Usenet newsgroup spam
44:
36:Spam (disambiguation)
4743:Internet terminology
4733:History of computing
4547:Email authentication
4188:Application security
4082:Privilege escalation
3950:Cross-site scripting
3803:Cybersex trafficking
3774:Information security
3418:. Scotchspam.co.uk.
3392:. 27 December 2005.
3217:. October 12, 2007.
3055:. 11 February 2008.
2987:. pp. 431–446.
2468:ACM SIGIR Conference
1572:The Spamhaus Project
1460:Usenet Death Penalty
1375:The Spamhaus Project
1298:Anti-spam techniques
1122:CAN-SPAM Act of 2003
1016:CAN-SPAM Act of 2003
699:Geographical origins
640:author-level metrics
619:spam, usually using
382:Symantec Corporation
322:An early example of
4394:Bulk email software
3835:Information warfare
3793:Automotive security
3474:. 16 October 2008.
2902:Lombardi, Candace.
2813:10.1257/jep.26.3.87
2084:10.3233/JIFS-179562
1808:(interviews), NPR,
1771:Goldberg, Myshele.
1608:"Web spam taxonomy"
1176:In a 2009 opinion,
1155:Olympia, Washington
1061:practice. In 2005,
968:Robert Alan Soloway
679:Noncommercial forms
636:academic literature
422:Newsgroup and forum
299:, began using bulk
209:fans often invaded
122:Monty Python sketch
102:Internet forum spam
4244:Antivirus software
4112:Social engineering
4077:Polymorphic engine
4030:Fraudulent dialers
3935:Hardware backdoors
3875:
3294:on 15 January 2009
3268:on 15 January 2009
3192:2007-01-23 at the
3053:www.anti-abuse.org
3003:10.1109/SP.2011.24
2832:2005-12-04 at the
2782:Thank the Spammers
2634:2012-02-03 at the
2538:2011-07-28 at the
2443:2012-10-21 at the
2301:2012-09-20 at the
2282:2012-07-05 at the
2200:The New York Times
2039:Danchev, Dancho. "
1923:The New York Times
1834:. news.bbc.co.uk.
1749:. Templetons.com.
1094:Venice, California
976:"zombie" computers
955:, or worse (e.g.,
592:television station
551:
364:In different media
290:multi-user dungeon
161:
47:
4705:
4704:
4532:Context filtering
4508:
4507:
4330:
4329:
4292:Anomaly detection
4197:Secure by default
4050:Keystroke loggers
3985:Drive-by download
3873:vectorial version
3840:Internet security
3788:Computer security
3676:978-0-521886-50-5
3666:978-1-601383-03-7
3656:978-1-932266-86-3
3012:978-0-7695-4402-1
2751:(18 March 2008).
2504:Web User magazine
2365:978-1-4799-7171-8
1625:978-1-59593-046-0
1487:Advance fee fraud
957:advance fee fraud
812:
811:
455:Mobile phone spam
416:instant messaging
404:Instant messaging
329:bulk posting via
60:, non-commercial
18:Spam (electronic)
16:(Redirected from
4760:
4748:Internet culture
4673:Advance-fee scam
4620:Keyword stuffing
4377:
4376:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4334:
4333:
4201:Secure by design
4132:Hardware Trojans
3965:History sniffing
3955:Cross-site leaks
3850:Network security
3767:
3760:
3753:
3744:
3743:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3258:
3252:
3238:Gaudin, Sharon,
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3207:
3201:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3029:
2996:
2982:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2899:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2876:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2842:
2836:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2795:
2789:
2786:William R. James
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2645:
2639:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2548:
2542:
2529:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2506:. Archived from
2496:
2490:
2489:
2483:
2475:
2473:
2458:
2452:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2385:
2377:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2327:
2320:
2312:
2306:
2293:
2287:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2118:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2078:(3): 2765–2776.
2063:
2057:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2009:Conway, Andrew.
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1975:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1694:10.17487/RFC2635
1686:Ietf Datatracker
1677:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1659:, archived from
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1612:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1506:
1489:
1483:
1451:
1448:
1433:
1410:Suppression list
1400:
1391:
1364:
1331:List of spammers
1321:
1316:Confidence trick
1292:Advance-fee scam
1279:
1274:
1273:
1153:Edna Fiedler of
1114:money laundering
1083:default judgment
986:Political issues
945:computer viruses
906:punitive damages
891:Transaction cost
815:Trademark issues
710:
709:
590:department at a
358:English language
248:a cheese product
21:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4738:Internet ethics
4708:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4685:Make Money Fast
4659:
4655:URL redirection
4581:
4504:
4438:
4389:Address munging
4366:
4361:
4331:
4326:
4176:
3876:
3864:
3855:Copy protection
3845:Mobile security
3776:
3771:
3691:
3639:Brunton, Finn.
3636:
3634:Further reading
3631:
3623:
3621:
3601:
3596:
3595:
3586:
3584:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3561:
3559:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3536:
3534:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3507:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3479:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3450:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3425:
3423:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3348:
3346:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3323:
3321:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3237:
3233:
3224:
3222:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3194:Wayback Machine
3185:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3145:
3143:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3119:
3117:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3078:Credeur, Mary.
3076:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3049:"RBL criticism"
3047:
3046:
3042:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3013:
2994:10.1.1.706.1497
2980:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2947:
2943:
2931:InformationWeek
2924:
2923:Thomas Claburn.
2922:
2918:
2909:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2884:
2882:
2874:
2868:
2864:
2855:
2853:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2834:Wayback Machine
2824:
2820:
2796:
2792:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2746:
2742:
2733:
2731:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2708:
2706:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2683:
2681:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2658:
2656:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2636:Wayback Machine
2627:
2623:
2588:
2584:
2569:10.1145/3007901
2549:
2545:
2540:Wayback Machine
2530:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2480:cite conference
2477:
2476:
2471:
2463:Jussara Almeida
2459:
2455:
2445:Wayback Machine
2436:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2405:
2401:
2389:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2366:
2344:
2340:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2303:Wayback Machine
2294:
2290:
2284:Wayback Machine
2275:
2271:
2262:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2192:
2188:
2179:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2064:
2060:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1976:
1967:
1958:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1915:
1911:
1902:
1900:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1871:
1863:The Jargon File
1856:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1828:
1824:
1815:
1813:
1798:
1791:
1782:
1780:
1769:
1765:
1756:
1754:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1728:
1726:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1703:
1701:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1664:
1651:
1647:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1610:
1600:Gyöngyi, Zoltan
1597:
1590:
1581:
1579:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1552:
1550:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1523:
1521:
1514:play.google.com
1508:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1449:
1446:
1445: – spammer
1443:Sanford Wallace
1437:Make Money Fast
1431:
1398:
1389:
1362:
1319:
1286:Address munging
1277:Internet portal
1275:
1268:
1265:
1251:
1226:
1212:
1196:Channel Islands
1188:
1059:immigration law
1051:Laurence Canter
1047:Sanford Wallace
1040:
1035:
1029:
988:
941:
925:conversion rate
867:
832:
822:, the maker of
817:
760:
720:
701:
681:
669:
660:
629:
627:Academic search
610:
604:
538:
512:is spamming on
507:
501:
492:
483:
477:
457:
451:
439:Breidbart Index
434:
426:Main articles:
424:
412:
406:
387:An industry of
377:
371:
366:
274:
261:
256:
233:Make Money Fast
145:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4766:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4687:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4669:
4667:
4665:Internet fraud
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4615:Google bombing
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4591:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4557:List poisoning
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4518:
4516:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4414:Email spoofing
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4385:
4383:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4360:
4359:
4352:
4345:
4337:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4322:Site isolation
4319:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4306:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4220:Authentication
4212:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4198:
4195:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4020:Email spoofing
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3960:DOM clobbering
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3940:Code injection
3937:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3820:Cyberterrorism
3817:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3808:Computer fraud
3805:
3795:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3770:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3690:
3689:External links
3687:
3686:
3685:
3678:
3668:
3658:
3644:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3613:The New Yorker
3602:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3568:
3543:
3514:
3489:
3457:
3432:
3407:
3375:
3355:
3330:
3305:
3279:
3253:
3247:2013-01-03 at
3231:
3202:
3179:
3152:
3126:
3097:
3080:"Staff Writer"
3070:
3040:
3011:
2968:
2941:
2938:on 2015-02-09.
2916:
2891:
2862:
2837:
2818:
2790:
2774:
2740:
2715:
2690:
2665:
2640:
2621:
2602:(1–2): 89–97.
2582:
2543:
2521:
2510:on 11 May 2012
2491:
2453:
2449:Wired Magazine
2430:
2399:
2390:|website=
2364:
2338:
2307:
2288:
2269:
2244:
2217:
2186:
2161:
2150:on 13 May 2014
2129:
2126:on 2007-12-03.
2105:
2058:
2046:2012-07-08 at
2032:
2001:
1965:
1951:. Templetons.
1940:
1909:
1895:. 2007-12-14.
1880:
1849:
1822:
1789:
1763:
1735:
1710:
1672:
1645:
1624:
1588:
1559:
1530:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1452:
1440:
1434:
1428:Howard Carmack
1424:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1415:Voice phishing
1412:
1407:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1313:
1307:
1304:Identity theft
1301:
1295:
1289:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1250:
1247:
1225:
1222:
1217:Shane Atkinson
1211:
1208:
1187:
1186:United Kingdom
1184:
1133:Tampa, Florida
1085:and permanent
1078:Robert Soloway
1067:America Online
1063:Jason Smathers
1039:
1036:
1028:
1025:
987:
984:
953:identity theft
940:
937:
917:
916:
913:Newsgroup spam
909:
898:
888:
866:
863:
843:search engines
836:European Union
831:
828:
816:
813:
810:
809:
806:
805:United States
803:
799:
798:
795:
792:
788:
787:
784:
781:
777:
776:
773:
769:
768:
765:
762:
756:
755:
752:
749:
745:
744:
741:
738:
734:
733:
730:
727:
723:
722:
717:
714:
700:
697:
680:
677:
668:
665:
659:
656:
652:Google Scholar
628:
625:
606:Main article:
603:
600:
537:
534:
503:Main article:
500:
497:
491:
488:
479:Main article:
476:
473:
461:text messaging
453:Main article:
450:
447:
428:Newsgroup spam
423:
420:
410:Messaging spam
408:Main article:
405:
402:
373:Main article:
370:
367:
365:
362:
273:
270:
260:
257:
255:
252:
144:
141:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4765:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4630:Referrer spam
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4495:Telemarketing
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4429:Pink contract
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4358:
4353:
4351:
4346:
4344:
4339:
4338:
4335:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4233:
4232:Authorization
4230:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4193:Secure coding
4191:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4162:SQL injection
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4142:Vulnerability
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4127:Trojan horses
4125:
4123:
4122:Software bugs
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4010:Eavesdropping
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
4000:Data scraping
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3970:Cryptojacking
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
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3583:on 2010-09-27
3582:
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2806:(3): 87–110,
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2048:archive.today
2045:
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2020:
2016:
2012:
2005:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1974:
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1970:
1954:
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1898:
1894:
1893:The Economist
1890:
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1663:on 2010-05-22
1662:
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1192:Nigel Roberts
1183:
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1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
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1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:Charlie Crist
1138:
1135:were sued by
1134:
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1038:United States
1034:
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1021:
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1002:
997:
993:
983:
979:
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949:trojan horses
946:
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910:
907:
903:
899:
896:
892:
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878:
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865:General costs
862:
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827:
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793:
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750:
746:
739:
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728:
724:
718:
715:
712:
711:
708:
706:
705:Cisco Systems
696:
694:
691:have spammed
690:
686:
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674:
664:
655:
653:
649:
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637:
633:
624:
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596:cable network
593:
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569:
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561:
557:
547:
542:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
506:
505:Spam in blogs
496:
487:
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472:
468:
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463:service of a
462:
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86:spam in blogs
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
62:proselytizing
59:
55:
51:
43:
37:
33:
19:
4678:Lottery scam
4635:Scraper site
4605:Doorway page
4475:Mobile phone
4455:Cold calling
4363:
4266:Data masking
4106:
3825:Cyberwarfare
3640:
3622:. Retrieved
3611:
3585:. Retrieved
3581:the original
3571:
3560:. Retrieved
3546:
3535:. Retrieved
3526:
3517:
3506:. Retrieved
3492:
3480:. Retrieved
3469:
3460:
3449:. Retrieved
3435:
3424:. Retrieved
3410:
3398:. Retrieved
3387:
3378:
3363:
3358:
3347:. Retrieved
3345:. 2008-06-25
3342:
3333:
3322:. Retrieved
3308:
3296:. Retrieved
3292:the original
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3266:the original
3256:
3240:
3234:
3223:. Retrieved
3205:
3200:, 2005-02-22
3197:
3182:
3170:. Retrieved
3155:
3144:. Retrieved
3129:
3118:. Retrieved
3109:
3100:
3088:. Retrieved
3073:
3061:. Retrieved
3052:
3043:
3032:. Retrieved
2984:
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2944:
2936:the original
2929:
2919:
2908:. Retrieved
2883:. Retrieved
2878:
2865:
2854:. Retrieved
2848:. Spamhaus.
2840:
2821:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2785:
2777:
2765:. Retrieved
2743:
2732:. Retrieved
2718:
2707:. Retrieved
2701:. Spamlaws.
2693:
2682:. Retrieved
2668:
2657:. Retrieved
2643:
2624:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2512:. Retrieved
2508:the original
2503:
2494:
2467:
2456:
2451:, March 2004
2448:
2433:
2421:. Retrieved
2412:
2402:
2347:
2341:
2330:. Retrieved
2310:
2291:
2272:
2261:. Retrieved
2247:
2235:. Retrieved
2220:
2208:, retrieved
2199:
2189:
2178:. Retrieved
2172:. List DNA.
2164:
2152:. Retrieved
2145:the original
2132:
2121:the original
2108:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2051:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2014:
2004:
1992:. Retrieved
1983:
1957:. Retrieved
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1922:
1912:
1901:. Retrieved
1892:
1883:
1872:, retrieved
1862:
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1825:
1814:, retrieved
1805:
1781:. Retrieved
1766:
1755:. Retrieved
1727:. Retrieved
1713:
1702:. Retrieved
1685:
1675:
1665:, retrieved
1661:the original
1655:
1648:
1637:. Retrieved
1614:
1580:. Retrieved
1571:
1562:
1551:. Retrieved
1542:
1533:
1522:. Retrieved
1513:
1504:
1481:
1254:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1213:
1204:
1200:
1189:
1177:
1175:
1152:
1130:
1091:
1075:
1071:CAN-SPAM Act
1045:
1041:
1005:
989:
980:
972:e-mail fraud
965:
942:
933:Storm botnet
919:
918:
880:
879:
868:
860:
848:
840:
833:
818:
764:South Korea
702:
685:Serdar Argic
682:
670:
661:
630:
611:
584:testimonials
559:
552:
518:Movable Type
508:
493:
484:
469:
465:mobile phone
458:
449:Mobile phone
443:
435:
413:
386:
378:
355:
351:
347:three copies
321:
316:
294:
287:
275:
262:
259:Pre-Internet
241:
221:
216:
210:
204:
194:
179:
164:
162:
153:Monty Python
136:
134:
126:
53:
49:
48:
4640:Social spam
4552:Greylisting
4522:Client-side
4450:Auto dialer
4206:Misuse case
4040:Infostealer
4015:Email fraud
3980:Data breach
3815:Cybergeddon
3608:"Damn Spam"
3482:13 November
3471:Stuff.co.nz
3400:13 November
3316:. upi.com.
3298:21 December
3272:21 December
2961:17 December
2757:Google Blog
2237:17 December
2210:December 9,
1933:20 February
1381:Spamigation
1353:Social spam
1210:New Zealand
1065:, a former
1027:Court cases
1023:community.
875:externality
689:evangelists
658:Mobile apps
580:infomercial
490:Social spam
481:Social spam
339:Bosnian War
327:fundraising
313:free speech
305:immigration
244:crossposted
219:fans left.
114:advertising
110:social spam
58:advertising
4728:E-commerce
4723:Cybercrime
4712:Categories
4645:Spam blogs
4610:Forum spam
4587:Spamdexing
4460:Flyposting
4419:Image spam
4381:Email spam
4271:Encryption
4147:Web shells
4087:Ransomware
4035:Hacktivism
3798:Cybercrime
3624:2007-08-02
3587:2013-09-03
3562:2013-09-03
3537:2021-02-18
3508:2013-09-03
3451:2013-09-03
3426:2013-09-03
3349:2014-01-30
3324:2008-06-27
3225:2007-10-25
3146:2007-03-07
3120:2018-04-12
3034:2015-10-29
2910:2013-09-03
2906:. News.com
2885:2008-11-05
2856:2013-09-03
2825:Spamhaus'
2788:2003-03-10
2734:2013-09-03
2709:2013-09-03
2684:2013-09-03
2676:. Europa.
2659:2015-02-12
2514:23 January
2332:2020-08-12
2263:2018-10-29
2180:2013-09-03
1959:2013-09-03
1903:2007-12-14
1874:2014-05-03
1858:"velveeta"
1816:2018-04-06
1783:2014-07-15
1757:2013-09-03
1729:2010-09-20
1704:2010-09-29
1667:2017-01-11
1639:2007-10-05
1582:2013-09-03
1553:2013-07-05
1524:2016-05-01
1468:References
1310:Image spam
1249:Newsgroups
1167:accomplice
1106:conspiracy
1087:injunction
1031:See also:
1012:conversion
772:Indonesia
721:volume(%)
568:video game
549:different.
530:guestbooks
432:Forum spam
375:Email spam
309:Green Card
70:email spam
32:Email spam
4625:Link farm
4595:Blog spam
4514:Anti-spam
4480:Newsgroup
4470:Messaging
4372:Protocols
4102:Shellcode
4097:Scareware
3945:Crimeware
3905:Backdoors
3527:prezi.com
3172:27 August
2989:CiteSeerX
2767:12 August
2392:ignored (
2382:cite book
2100:213636917
2092:1064-1246
2025:April 11,
2015:Cloudmark
1842:26 August
1496:Citations
1455:Spam King
1386:VoIP spam
1325:Junk mail
1194:from the
1163:probation
1076:In 2007,
673:Bluetooth
667:Bluetooth
613:VoIP spam
608:VoIP spam
602:VoIP Spam
556:thumbnail
510:Blog spam
324:nonprofit
229:Joel Furr
217:Star Trek
212:Star Trek
206:Star Wars
163:The term
155:'s 1970 "
143:Etymology
90:wiki spam
4718:Spamming
4690:Phishing
4600:Cloaking
4577:Spamhaus
4485:Robocall
4465:Junk fax
4276:Firewall
4181:Defenses
4107:Spamming
4092:Rootkits
4065:Phishing
4025:Exploits
3618:Archived
3556:Archived
3531:Archived
3502:Archived
3476:Archived
3445:Archived
3420:Archived
3394:Archived
3389:BBC News
3343:PC World
3318:Archived
3245:Archived
3219:Archived
3190:Archived
3166:Archived
3140:Archived
3114:Archived
3090:July 22,
3084:Archived
3063:31 March
3057:Archived
3025:Archived
3021:16146219
2955:Archived
2850:Archived
2830:Archived
2761:Archived
2728:Archived
2703:Archived
2678:Archived
2653:Archived
2632:Archived
2616:62693275
2536:Archived
2441:Archived
2417:Archived
2374:18207001
2323:Archived
2299:Archived
2280:Archived
2257:Archived
2231:Archived
2204:archived
2174:Archived
2044:Archived
2019:Archived
1988:Archived
1953:Archived
1927:Archived
1897:Archived
1868:archived
1836:Archived
1810:archived
1777:Archived
1751:Archived
1723:Archived
1698:Archived
1630:Archived
1606:(2005).
1576:Archived
1547:Archived
1518:Archived
1404:Sporgery
1347:Phishing
1263:See also
1230:Bulgaria
1224:Bulgaria
1008:trespass
994:and the
961:phishing
939:In crime
751:Vietnam
716:Country
572:Rickroll
66:phishing
50:Spamming
4572:SpamCop
4490:Spambot
4434:Spambot
4424:Joe job
4117:Spyware
4060:Payload
4055:Malware
3995:Viruses
3975:Botnets
3882:Threats
3599:Sources
3523:"Spams"
2577:1944093
2413:ITworld
1994:May 19,
1806:NPR.org
1422:History
1395:Spoetry
1369:SpamCop
1336:Malware
1148:Florida
1118:obscene
920:Benefit
902:damages
895:CAPTCHA
794:Brazil
740:Russia
576:malware
546:YouTube
522:attacks
514:weblogs
398:Quechup
282:ARPANET
272:History
254:History
174:of the
137:spammer
4311:(SIEM)
4288:(HIDS)
4172:Zombie
3909:Bombs
3890:Adware
3674:
3664:
3654:
3369:,
3019:
3009:
2991:
2614:
2575:
2423:1 June
2372:
2362:
2098:
2090:
1622:
1539:"Spam"
1159:Tacoma
1020:Yahoo!
929:botnet
855:threat
783:China
761:(tie)
729:India
693:Usenet
564:keygen
331:Usenet
301:Usenet
224:Usenet
190:Viking
172:sketch
169:"Spam"
96:spam,
4695:Voice
4650:Sping
4567:SORBS
4443:Other
4409:DNSWL
4404:DNSBL
4157:Worms
4152:Wiper
4070:Voice
3918:Logic
3028:(PDF)
3017:S2CID
2981:(PDF)
2875:(PDF)
2638:(PDF)
2612:S2CID
2573:S2CID
2563:(1).
2472:(PDF)
2370:S2CID
2326:(PDF)
2319:(PDF)
2154:7 May
2148:(PDF)
2141:(PDF)
2124:(PDF)
2117:(PDF)
2096:S2CID
2053:ZDNet
1633:(PDF)
1616:Japan
1611:(PDF)
1485:See:
1473:Notes
1363:SORBS
1171:Lagos
1110:fraud
1001:block
732:13.7
713:Rank
526:wikis
369:Email
343:Panix
4500:VoIP
3923:Time
3913:Fork
3672:ISBN
3662:ISBN
3652:ISBN
3484:2011
3402:2011
3300:2014
3274:2014
3174:2010
3092:2002
3065:2020
3007:ISBN
2963:2018
2769:2011
2516:2012
2486:link
2425:2013
2394:help
2360:ISBN
2239:2018
2212:2008
2156:2014
2088:ISSN
2027:2014
1996:2023
1935:2017
1844:2010
1620:ISBN
1010:and
904:and
881:Cost
834:The
824:SPAM
808:3.2
797:4.5
786:4.7
775:6.0
767:6.0
754:7.9
743:9.0
719:Spam
648:OvGU
646:and
528:and
430:and
201:MUDs
199:and
197:BBSs
186:cafe
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