Spanish art - Knowledge

560: 1972: 54: 29: 706: 908: 1709: 1370:. In addition to numerous renditions of scenes of historical and cultural significance, he created scores of portraits of the Spanish royal family, other notable European figures, and commoners. In many portraits, Velázquez gave a dignified quality to less fortunate members of society like beggars and dwarfs. In contrast to these portraits, the gods and goddesses of Velázquez tend to be portrayed as common people, without divine characteristics. Besides the forty portraits of Philip by Velázquez, he painted portraits of other members of the royal family, including princes, infantas (princesses), and queens. 1771: 2010: 1460: 873: 579: 1790: 1193: 1095: 1960: 1564: 1265: 544: 1627: 936: 893: 610: 2213: 2199: 3043: 2085:, during the first half of the century. This last sculptor is distinguished by the originality, fluidity, and dynamic treatment of his works, even in those representations of great tragedy. More than 1,800 works are attributed to him, the most famous products of his hand being the Holy Week floats (pasos) in Murcia, most notable amongst which are those of the Agony in the Garden and the Kiss of Judas. 310: 1547:, intended to show the full range of edible foods from Spain. Rather than being merely formal studies in Natural History, he used stark lighting, low viewpoints and severe compositions to dramatise the subjects. He showed great interest and attention to the details of reflections, textures and highlights (such the highlight on the patterned vase in 1451:, a brighter and more radiant colour range is used, the swirling cherubs bringing all the focus upon the Virgin, whose heavenward gaze and diffuse and warmly glowing halo make it an effective devotional image, an important component of his output; the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin theme alone was represented about twenty times by Murillo. 559: 1180:(1510?–1586), called by his contemporaries "The Divine", because of the religious intensity of his paintings. From the Renaissance he also frequently used sfumato modeling, and simple compositions, but combined them with Flemish style precision of details. His subjects included many devotional images, including the 1897:

which celebrated the fortieth anniversary of Surrealism. In line with the Surrealist movement's objectives, Dalí stated that his artistic aim was that "the world of imagination and of concrete irrationality may be as objectively evident ... as that of the exterior world", and this goal can be seen in

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Another period of Spanish Renaissance sculpture, the Baroque, encompassed the last years of the 16th century and extended into the 17th century until reaching its final flowering the 18th, developing a truly Spanish school and style, of sculpture, more realistic, intimate and independently creative

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became the cultural centre of Spain in the 16th Century, and attracted artists from across Europe, drawn by lure of commissions for the growing empire, and for the numerous religious houses of the wealthy city. Starting from a strongly Flemish tradition of detailed and smooth brushwork, as revealed

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features, due to the relatively late examples from Italy, once Italian art was already strongly Mannerist. Apart from technical aspects, the themes and spirit of the Renaissance were modified to the Spanish culture and religious environment. Consequently, very few classical subjects or female nudes

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and others produced many works of art. Philip commissioned works and purchased others, sending his representatives to acquire works for the monarch's collection. One of Philip IV's major contributions to art in Spain was to entail his collection, preventing their sale or other dispersal. Under the

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in Barcelona features many of Picasso's early works, created while he was living in Spain, as well as the extensive collection of Jaime Sabartés, Picasso's close friend from his Barcelona days who, for many years, was Picasso's personal secretary. There are many precise and detailed figure studies

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in composition and execution, designed to expose the subconscious mind. Although his later and more popular paintings are refined, whimsical and apparently effortless, his influential period in the 1920s and 1930s produced works that were provocative in their sexual symbolism and imagery, and

1298:(1591–1652) considered himself Spanish, and his style is sometimes used as an example of the extremes of Counter-Reformation Spanish art. His work was very influential (largely through the circulation of his drawing and prints throughout Europe) and developed significantly through his career. 190:

styles, and the already strong traditions in painting and sculpture began to benefit from the influence of imported Italian artists. The enormous wealth that followed the flood of American gold saw lavish spending on the arts in Spain, much of it directed at religious art in the

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he makes the reflections, shadows and gloss of the water and skin his true subject. The composition is very daring, with the horizon omitted, one of the boys cut off, and strong diagonals leading to the contrasts and increased saturation of the upper-left of the work.

2081:) was succeeded in the 18th century, although with less brilliance, by the Madrid School, and it was soon transformed into a purely academic style by the middle of the century. In turn, the Andalusian school was replaced by that of Murcia, epitomised in the person of 1048:; however the region went into decline after the emphasis of trade moved to the Atlantic after the American colonies opened up, which partly accounts for so many medieval survivals there, as there was not the money for Renaissance and Baroque renovations to churches. 1971: 1439:(1617–1682). Working for most of his career in Seville, his early work reflected the naturalism of Caravaggio, using a subdued, brown palette, simple but not harsh lighting, and religious themes that are portrayed in a natural or domestic setting, as in his 1739:, a famed early work by Pradilla. The composition, facial expressions, and stormy sky reflect the dramatic emotion of the scene; yet the precise clothing, the texture of the mud, and other details, show great realism in the artist's attitude and style. 1607:

He is considered the most important Spanish artist of late 18th and early 19th centuries and throughout his long career was a commentator and chronicler of his era. Immensely successful in his lifetime, Goya is often referred to as both the last of the

1904:. Here he paints with a precise, realistic style, based on studies of Dutch and Spanish masters, but with a subject that dissolves the boundaries between organic and mechanical and is more akin to the nightmarish scenes of the Netherlandish painter 1848:

done in his youth under his father's tutelage, as well as rarely seen works from his old age that clearly demonstrate Picasso's firm grounding in classical techniques. Picasso presented the most durable homage to Velázquez in 1957 when he recreated

1594:, draft cartoons, to scenes of war, fighting and corpses. In his early stage, he painted draft cartoons as templates for tapestries and focused on scenes from everyday life with vivid colors. During his lifetime, Goya also made several series of 2122:

was accumulated by Spanish monarchs beginning with Isabel the Catholic, Queen of Castile (1451–1504), who accumulated large and impressive collections of objets d'art, 370 tapestries, and 350 paintings, a number by important artists including

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is the largest known Islamic sculpture of an animal, and the most spectacular of a group of such figures from Al-Andalus, many made to hold up the basins of fountains (as at the Alhambra), or in smaller cases as perfume-burners and the like.

1340:. Although seen as limited in his development, and struggling to handle complex scenes. Zurbarán's great ability to evoke religious feelings made him very successful in receiving commissions in conservative Counter-Reformation Seville. 1858:

form. While Picasso was worried that if he copied Velázquez's painting, it would be seen only as a copy and not as any sort of unique representation, he proceeded to do so, and the enormous work—the largest he had produced since

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The Gothic art of Spain represented a gradual development from previous Romanesque styles, being led by external models, first from France, and then later from Italy. Another distinctive aspect was the incorporation of

653:, survives to give an idea of the culture of this originally barbarian Germanic people, who kept themselves very largely separate from their Iberian subjects, and whose rule crumbled when the Muslims arrived in 711. 1983:(sculptor, painter and architect) is called the "Prince of Spanish sculpture" because of the grandeur, originality, and expressiveness achieved in his works. His main works were the upper stalls of the choir of the 347:

term it) is from the eastern side of Spain, probably dating from about 8000–3500 BC, and shows animal and hunting scenes often developed with a growing feeling for the whole composition of a large scene.

742:, and is still being excavated. A considerable amount of the highly sophisticated decoration of the main buildings has survived, showing the enormous wealth of this very centralized state. The palace at 1481:

led to great changes in art patronage, with the new French-oriented court favoring the styles and artists of Bourbon France. Few Spanish painters were employed by the court – a rare exception being

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became famous for his abstract works, many of which use very thick textures and the incorporation of non-standard materials and objects. Tàpies has won several international awards for his works.

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and the native Spanish tradition which give much of the art of the period an interest in naturalism, and an avoidance of the grandiosity of much Baroque art. Important early contributors included

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As elsewhere in the Western Empire, the Roman occupation largely overwhelmed native styles; Iberia was an important agricultural area for the Romans, and the elite acquired vast estates producing

1287:, in contrast to the naturalist approaches then predominant in Seville, Madrid and elsewhere in Spain. Many of his works reflect the silvery-greys and strong colours of Venetian painters such as 1582:

was a portraitist and court painter to the Spanish Crown, a chronicler of history, and, in his unofficial work, a revolutionary and a visionary. Goya painted the Spanish royal family, including

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Elsewhere in Spain, the influence of the Italian Renaissance was less pure, with a relatively superficial use of techniques that were combined with preceding Flemish practices and incorporated

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Spanish Bourbon monarch, Charles IV, the notion of bringing together major works from other repositories in Spain took shape, probably not for the public to view but for artists to study. The

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The Plateresque style extended from beginnings of the 16th century until the last third of the century and its stylistic influence pervaded the works of all great Spanish artists of the time.

813:, which was actually produced some distance from Muslim rule in France. Mozarabic elements, including a background of brightly coloured strips, can be seen in some later Romanesque frescos. 793:(c. 730 – c. 800), which gave subject matter that allowed the brightly coloured primitivist style full scope to demonstrate its qualities in manuscripts of the 10th century like the 1894: 3524: 1512:(1739–1819) who both developed in the direction of the severe Neoclassicism of Mengs. Another important avenue for Spanish artists was portraiture, which was an active sphere for 3282: 1650:

Various art movements of the 19th Century influenced Spanish artists, largely through them undertaking training in foreign capitals, particularly in Paris and Rome. In this way

1482: 1291:, but combined with strange elongations of figures, unusual lighting, disposing of perspective space, and filling the surface with very visible and expressive brushwork. 3529: 332: 139:

has a distinct style, partly influenced by coastal Greek settlements. Spain was conquered by the Romans by 200 BC and Rome was rather smoothly replaced by the Germanic

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than that of the previous one which was tied to European trends, especially those of the Netherlands and Italy. There were two Schools of special flair and talent: the

1347:(16601–1667) was also active in sculpture and architecture. His style moved from the naturalism of his early period, to a more delicate, idealistic approach, revealing 1241:, the distinctive nature of the art of the period also included influences that modified typical Baroque characteristics. These included influence from contemporary 1062:

Due to important economic and political links between Spain and Flanders from the mid-15th century onwards, the early Renaissance in Spain was heavily influenced by

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Overall the Renaissance and subsequent Mannerist styles are hard to categorise in Spain, due to the mix of Flemish and Italian influences, and regional variations.

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of the Habsburg monarchy brought this period to an end, and Spanish art in the 18th and early-19th century was generally less exciting, with the huge exception of

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belonged (called the Sevillian Fidias), whose most celebrated works are the Crucifix in the Cathedral of Seville, another in Vergara, and a Saint John; and the

4641: 4493: 3211: 907: 2159:, Charles's son, an even keener collector. Philip IV (1605–1665) followed in the family tradition as a passionate art collector and patron. During his reign, 1801:

During the first half of 20th century many leading Spanish artists were working in Paris, where they contributed to – and sometimes led – developments in the

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became important strands. However, they were often delayed or transformed by local conditions, including repressive governments, and by the tragedies of the

1753:(1863–1923) excelled in the dexterous representation of the people and landscape under the sunlight of his native land, thus reflecting the spirit of 831:

and textiles were also very fine; the continuing industries producing tiles and carpets in the peninsula owe their origins largely to the Islamic kingdoms.

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were depicted, and the works frequently exhibited a sense of pious devotion and religious intensity – attributes that would remain dominant in much art of

1524:(1753–1820). But it is in the genre of the still life that royal patronage was also successfully found, in the works by artists such as the court painter 862:

is another outstanding example. The style could harmonize well with Christian European medieval and Renaissance styles, for example in elaborate wood and

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The pre-eminent painter of the period – and most famous Spanish painter prior to the 19th century appreciation of Velázquez, Zurbarán and El Greco – was

4171: 4674: 4295: 3768: 1280:(1541–1614) was one of the most individualistic of the painters of the period, developing a strongly Mannerist style based on his origins in the post 578: 4694: 4679: 4626: 4196: 4176: 4664: 1670:. Portraits and historical subjects were popular, and the art of the past - particularly the styles and techniques of Velázquez - were significant. 972: 4371: 1413: 398:

before the Roman occupation reflects the contacts with other advanced ancient cultures who set up small coastal colonies, including the Greeks and

4689: 4518: 4508: 4300: 4166: 4121: 3346: 3276: 1987:, the tomb of Cardinal Tavera in the same Cathedral, and the altarpiece of the Visitation in the church of Santa Úrsula in the same locality. 1221:, saw a great development of art in Spain. The period is generally considered to have begun at some point after 1492 and ended by or with the 4252: 3763: 2176: 1106: 963:

period represented a smooth transition from the preceding Pre-Romanesque and Mozarabic styles. Many of the best surviving Romanesque church

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from 1548, both ending in 1714, had a great influence on Spanish art, and the level of spending attracted artists from other areas, such as

4310: 4247: 3682: 1604:, painted at the end of his life. This series features works that are obscure in both color and meaning, producing uneasiness and shock. 340: 124: 4305: 975:

area; many of these were only uncovered during the 20th Century. Some of the best examples have been moved to museums, especially the

3825: 1735:(1848–1921). In these works the techniques of Realism were frequently used with Romantic subjects. This can clearly be seen in 3936: 3267: 1929:, his characteristic language of signs, figures and black linear forms against more textured and painterly background is evident. 1120:

due to its proximity and close links with Italy. This influence was felt via then import of artworks, including four paintings by

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Restricted from royal sponsorship, many Spanish painters continued the Baroque style in religious compositions. This was true of

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from the early metal ages, found all over the Iberian peninsula, with both geometric patterns, but also a higher usage of simple

277:. The rest of 19th-century Spanish art followed European trends, generally at a conservative pace, until the Catalan movement of 392:

is a huge hoard of geometrically decorated vessels and jewellery, perhaps from the 10th century BC, including 10 kilos of gold.

3551: 3075: 1568: 1326:, became predominant in Seville, and formed the training background of three Golden Age masters: Cano, Zurbarán and Velázquez. 827:

to elites all over Christian Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries, including the Popes and the English court. Spanish Islamic

2863:. Translated from the Spanish by Richard-Lewis Rees and Angela Patricia Hall. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Publishers 1991. 3820: 1591: 543: 819:

pottery began in the south, presumably mainly for local markets, but Muslim potters were later encouraged to migrate to the

2013: 1044:, entirely displaced the initial Franco-Gothic style Catalonia continued to be a prosperous area which has left many fine 976: 952: 2867: 1229:(1598–1621), or just before, and the end also delayed until the 1660s or later. The style thus forms a part of the wider 3188: 1843:'s Blue Period (1901–1904), which consisted of somber, blue-tinted paintings was influenced by a trip through Spain. The 266: 1925:

employing rough, experimental materials, including sandpaper, unsized canvases, and collage. In mature period painting,

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The later part of the century saw a strong period of Romanticism represented in history paintings, as in the works of

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ceilings, and Mudéjar work often continued to be produced for some centuries after an area passed to Christian rule.

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paintings and other art brought back to Spain from the Americas, as well as sculpture and archeological artifacts.

1598:, etchings which depicted the decadence of society and the horrors of war. His most famous painting series are the 1405: 28: 3576: 3519: 3389: 3341: 3336: 3309: 3272: 3178: 2180: 1513: 514: 403: 144: 705: 477:

and wine, with some later emperors coming from the Iberian provinces; many huge villas have been excavated. The

4471: 2995: 2904: 2879: 2226: 1743:(1838–1874) also developed a strong Realist style, after earlier being influenced by the French Romantic 2036: 1964: 4401: 3591: 3409: 3183: 3047: 2260:

some are as old as 40,800 years old, according to "U-series dating of Paleolithic art in 11 caves in Spain",

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have left many remains; northern-western Spain shares with south-western France the region where the richest

250: 838:, considerable Muslim populations, and Christian craftsmen trained in Muslim styles, remained in Spain, and 717: 3929: 3514: 3478: 3304: 2040: 1678: 1063: 238: 148: 2089: 1436: 1196: 510: 232: 4336: 3581: 3105: 2376: 1319: 992: 4141: 3441: 3138: 3068: 1936: 1910: 1008: 847: 1397: 892: 682: 518: 4608: 4421: 3835: 3615: 3541: 3287: 3231: 3226: 3010:(full text resource that contains information on Ribera as well as a number of other Spanish artists) 1900: 1740: 1494: 1242: 526: 1991: 1702: 4669: 4446: 3953: 3810: 3456: 3331: 3128: 2119: 1920:

was also closely associated with the Surrealists in Paris, who particularly approved of his use of

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has been judged to have found its purest expression in the paintings and collages of Madrid-born

1689:(1781–1859), the founder of an influential line of artists and gallery directors. His son, 1536: 1509: 1269: 1258: 1040:

elements. Eventually the Italian influence, which transmitted Byzantine stylistic techniques and

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in gold; though Spanish in style, the form was probably then used by elites across Europe. Other

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has survived in large quantity, and has both strains marked by exuberant extravagance, as in the

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presence in art specially in Southern Iberia. Over the following centuries the wealthy courts of

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periods, but Spanish art has often had very distinctive characteristics, partly explained by the

2078: 1868: 1529: 1517: 1467: 4533: 4528: 4329: 4181: 3509: 3158: 3148: 2113: 1782: 1708: 1552: 1222: 1137: 1132:, and also by Spanish artists who spent time working and training there. Such artists included 782: 670: 3352: 2143:. However many of these were dispersed by auction after her death in 1504. Isabel's grandson, 1770: 1429: 1246: 3848: 3805: 3702: 3662: 3637: 3446: 3394: 3061: 2232: 2124: 1921: 1850: 1348: 1233:

period in art, although as well as considerable influence from great Baroque masters such as

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Catalogue of the Tate Gallery's Collection of Modern Art other than Works by British Artists

2074: 1525: 859: 735: 728: 4715: 3735: 3667: 3657: 3504: 3463: 3451: 3118: 1409: 1176:(1510–1566). However, the most popular Spanish painter of the early 17th Century was 1173: 747: 2147:, the first Habsburg king of Spain, was a patron and collector of art, as was his sister, 1872: 1698: 1388:, and the circulation of artists and patrons between Spain and the Spanish possessions of 1384:

Later Baroque elements were introduced as a foreign influence, through visits to Spain by

1075: 790: 8: 4278: 3785: 3672: 3652: 3642: 3424: 3399: 3163: 2067: 1984: 1690: 1682: 1583: 1544: 1498: 1393: 1226: 1157: 879: 550: 502: 482: 478: 389: 258: 192: 105: 73: 1744: 1459: 689:, completed in 848 and later surviving as a church, is a unique survival in Europe. The 486: 4593: 3780: 3775: 3677: 3647: 3596: 3436: 3419: 3358: 3255: 3221: 3113: 2218: 2156: 2082: 2009: 1732: 1540: 1367: 1315: 1214: 1161: 948: 810: 786: 746:

is later, from after Islamic Spain split into a number of kingdoms. Famous examples of

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lighthouse are among a number of well-preserved major monuments, impressive remains of

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found, though most of the better free-standing sculpture was probably imported. The

458:, the distinctive curving Iberian sword, have survived, and large numbers of bronze 224: 4498: 3889: 3882: 3727: 3586: 3492: 3414: 3324: 3292: 3206: 3096: 3088: 2132: 2097: 2047:

belonged, to whom an Immaculate Conception and a Virgin of Rosary, are attributed.

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and Zurbarán, Meléndez produced a series of cabinet paintings, commissioned by the

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Behind the Altar Table: The Development of the Painted Retablo in Spain, 1350-1500

2003: 1948: 1878: 1826: 294: 4578: 4573: 4548: 4406: 4131: 3755: 3750: 3546: 3241: 3173: 2237: 2148: 2136: 1932: 1728: 1724: 1694: 1600: 1474: 1444: 1177: 1117: 1102: 1083: 806: 732: 690: 463: 427: 246: 242: 116: 2059: 2055: 1890: 1818: 1192: 4603: 4553: 4513: 4466: 4461: 4451: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4411: 4396: 4391: 4381: 4376: 4366: 4136: 4075: 4055: 4050: 3898: 3815: 3790: 3717: 3632: 3216: 3143: 2242: 2093: 1789: 1659: 1651: 1579: 1573: 1485:(1679–1734) – and it took some time before Spanish painters adapted to the new 1417: 1401: 1165: 1094: 1024: 960: 883: 724: 713: 674: 646: 534: 377: 274: 262: 254: 179: 175: 119:

of Spain had many important periods-it was one of the main centres of European

81: 57: 1693:(1781–1859), was a leading figure in Spanish Romanticism, together with 1000: 944: 143:

in the 5th century AD, who soon Christianized. The relatively few remains of

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The Christian population of Muslim Spain (the Mozarabs) developed a style of

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has survived to be excavated, where most now lie under large towns, and the

376:-like human figures than is typical of comparable art from other areas. The 4583: 4478: 4146: 4126: 4116: 4080: 4005: 3985: 3970: 3945: 3903: 3861: 3745: 3601: 2204: 2169: 2128: 2063: 1999: 1893:, the Surrealist leader and poet, asked him to represent Spain at the 1959 1667: 1621: 1563: 1425: 1264: 770: 754:, whose Islamic elements were added in stages between 784 and 987, and the 658: 642: 614: 530: 498: 445: 147:

show an attractive and distinct version of wider European trends. With the

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is the term for work in art and architecture produced by such people. The

743: 298: 4290: 4221: 4211: 4201: 4191: 4100: 4060: 4045: 4040: 4010: 3990: 3975: 3843: 3133: 2044: 2019: 1674: 1655: 1344: 1333: 1041: 835: 618: 466:. The Romans gradually conquered all of Iberia between 218 BC and 19 AD. 423: 399: 385: 282: 187: 171: 88:. Spanish art was particularly influenced by France and Italy during the 38: 2164: 1144:

features in their works, such as delicate, melancholic expressions, and

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region in north-western Spain, which remained under Christian rule; the

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ruled Iberia after the collapse of the Empire, and the rich 7th century

4156: 4085: 4070: 4020: 4015: 4000: 1882: 1830: 1609: 1337: 1323: 1254: 1234: 1045: 824: 759: 596: 459: 381: 365: 353: 278: 182:. Late Gothic Spanish art flourished under the unified monarchy in the 156: 132: 18:"Art of Spain" redirects here. For the British documentary series, see 839: 104:), and through the political and cultural climate in Spain during the 4206: 4065: 4035: 4025: 3995: 3697: 3404: 2937:, Madrid: Museo National del Prado, English 2nd Revised Edition, 2009 1822: 1774: 1464:

Still Life with Oranges Honey-Jar Boxes of Sweetmeats and Watermelons

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Sharing the same painting master – Francisco Pacheco – as Velázquez,

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The main centre for Italian Renaissance influence entering Spain was

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and Spain has produced many famous and influential artists including

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provided the model for the central, sleeping figure of Dalí's work.

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in 1937—earned a position of relevance in the Spanish canon of art.

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were other significant painters of the first half of 20th century.

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movement in Paris. Although Dalí was criticized for accommodating

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in the form of metalwork, mostly jewellery and buckles, and stone

521:. There must have been local workshops producing the high-quality 3053: 2179:, founded in 1744, now functions also as a museum in Madrid. The 1806: 1757:

in many paintings, particularly his famous seaside paintings. In

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Spain throughout the 17th century, and beyond. artists included

249:. It was generally the former which marked the emerging art and 195:. Spanish control of the leading centre of North European art, 170:

Meanwhile, the parts of Spain remaining Christian, or that were

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in 1659, though in art the start is delayed until the reign of

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produced many works of exceptional quality, culminating in the

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In the 20th century the most important Spanish sculptors were

1249:(1569–1649), who brought a new naturalistic style into Spain, 3084: 2184: 533:

silver dish that was found in Spain but was probably made in

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Culture of the Baroque: Analysis of a Historical Structure

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Sepulcher of Elanor of Aragon, in the Cathedral of Toledo.

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Renaissance to Goya : prints and drawings from Spain

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movement. As perhaps the most important example of this,

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the Elder an initiator of the naturalist emphasis of the

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Although mostly active in Italy, particularly in Naples,

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style, and a rather severe classicism, as in the work of

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From El Greco to Goya: Painting in Spain 1561–1828

2107: 1366:(1599–1660) was the leading artist in the court of King 1332:(1598–1664) is known for the forceful, realistic use of 823:

region, where the Christian lords marketed their luxury

2899:(Pelican History of Art), Yale University Press, 1998, 995:

Romanesque frescoes are considered to be those in the

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that were at the time found all over Europe come from

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and the subsequent eclipse of Spanish power under the

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After the expulsion of the Islamic rulers during the

2194: 2172:in Madrid became the main repository for that art. 3029:

Bartolomé Bermejo: The Great Hispano-Flemish Master

452:is a more developed single example. Some decorated 2874:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1993. 2050:Another notable Andalusian Baroque sculptors were 1747:, and became Spain's famous artist of the century 1549:Still Life with Oranges, Jars, and Boxes of Sweets 1535:Continuing in the Spanish still life tradition of 673:are survivals from the 9-10th century of the rich 1443:(c. 1650). Later he incorporated elements of the 4707: 2389:, Vol. 11, No.4, Dec 1929, accessed from JSTOR: 2024:National Museum of Sculpture of Castile and León 1128:, the arrival of the Italian Renaissance artist 414:was excavated from another Phoenician site. The 1963:Cristo de la clemencia (Christ of Clemency) by 1070:school of painters. Leading exponents included 448:animal sculptures in stone; the 5th century BC 1508:(1734–1795), a skilled fresco painter, and of 1007:, now mostly in various museums including the 418:(probably 4th century BC) possibly represents 4337: 3930: 3069: 2987: 2190: 1641: 1493:styles. Leading European painters, including 1204: 1168:(1510–1579), the painter and architect 1107:Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando 697:, shows a complex mixture of several styles. 637:, probably deposited to avoid looting in the 44: 36: 2918:Art Through The Ages - International Edition 2808:. New York: Harry N. Adams, Inc. 1996, p. 9. 2155:. When the siblings died, the art passed to 2022:from the province of Valladolid. Now in the 1590:. His themes range from merry festivals for 1089: 2177:Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Francisco 2073:The Valladolid school of the 17th century ( 1947:In the post-War period, the Catalan artist 1201:Immaculate Conception of the Virgin (Soult) 781:whose best known survivals are a series of 700: 341:Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin 219:, as well as great native painters such as 4344: 4330: 3937: 3923: 3076: 3062: 2920:, Brace Harcourt Jovanovich, 9th Edn. 1991 1809:, working together with the French artist 1551:) reflecting the new spirit of the age of 971:with good examples in the churches of the 2940: 2870:The Art of medieval Spain, A.D. 500-1200 2583:. New Haven: Yale University Press 1986. 2467:. New Haven: Yale University Press 1991. 2008: 1970: 1958: 1788: 1769: 1707: 1673:Early years were still dominated by the 1625: 1562: 1458: 1263: 1191: 1093: 934: 766:from the final periods of Muslim Spain. 704: 641:, is now a unique survival of Christian 608: 384:gold ritual helmet, may relate to other 308: 52: 27: 2227:List of Spain-related topics § Art 985:Central Apse from Sant Climent in Taüll 339:made between 35,000 and 11,000 BC. The 151:in the 8th century there was a notable 131:large parts of Spain were a centre for 4708: 2975:The Art of Medieval Spain, AD 500-1200 1416:. Other notable Baroque painters were 731:was built in the 10th century for the 4325: 3918: 3347:Natural Sites of Community Importance 3057: 3022:Early Spanish Manuscript Illumination 2790:Tate website, quoting: Ronald Alley, 2108:Spanish collectors and museums of art 1066:, leading to the identification of a 785:, several of the commentaries on the 738:, intended as the capital of Islamic 572:, Valencian Community, 4th century BC 281:, which initially was more a form of 257:outside Europe, as in Latin America ( 72:has been an important contributor to 2911:Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain 2740:pg. 111 (quoted in Gardner, pg. 984) 1898:one of his most familiar paintings, 1051: 693:, completed in 976 in the region of 438:are the most impressive examples of 167:, right at the end of Muslim Spain. 3826:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage 2963:. London: Thames & Hudson 1999. 2933:Jiménez Blanco, María Dolores, ed. 2778:Joan Miró – Snail Woman Flower Star 2738:Dada, Surrealism and Their Heritage 2465:The Golden Age of Painting in Spain 2264:, 2012 Jun 15 ;336(6087):1409–1413. 267:Baroque Churches of the Philippines 13: 3083: 2988:Sánchez Pérez, Alfonso E. (1992). 2853: 316:town of Torralba den Salord site, 127:in the subsequent periods. In the 14: 4732: 4351: 3035: 2382:Romanesque Spanish Mural Painting 1837:was influential in abstract art. 1447:from Rubens and Van Dyck. In the 1253:(1565–1628), and the influential 977:Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya 953:Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya 951:, early 12th century. Now in the 723:The extraordinary palace-city of 604: 426:influence, as do the 6th century 304: 100:heritage in Spain (especially in 3944: 3041: 2776:Jean-Hubert Martin, foreword of 2211: 2197: 1881:was a central artist within the 1406:Francisco de Herrera the Younger 1373: 1023:painted on wood and other early 906: 891: 871: 801:(illuminated by a female artist 577: 558: 542: 333:Cave of Altamira and other sites 289:in the usual English sense, but 3390:Autonomous communities of Spain 2837: 2824: 2811: 2798: 2783: 2770: 2761: 2752: 2743: 2730: 2721: 2712: 2703: 2694: 2685: 2676: 2667: 2658: 2649: 2640: 2631: 2622: 2613: 2604: 2595: 2586: 2581:Velázquez: Painter and Courtier 2573: 2564: 2555: 2546: 2537: 2528: 2519: 2510: 2501: 2492: 2483: 2470: 2457: 2448: 2439: 2430: 2421: 2412: 2403: 2394: 2370: 2361: 2352: 2343: 1895:Homage to Surrealism Exhibition 1829:became a central figure of the 1779:Glass of Beer and Playing Cards 1765: 1615: 1501:, were active and influential. 1454: 1441:Holy Family with a Little Bird 1336:in his religious paintings and 404:Sa Caleta Phoenician Settlement 145:Visigothic art and architecture 3801:National and regional identity 2996:The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2945:. London: The British Museum. 2334: 2325: 2316: 2303: 2294: 2285: 2276: 2267: 2254: 2183:in Madrid has a collection of 1612:and the first of the moderns. 1164:(1475–1550) and his son 1019:. There are also a number of 943:church, a Catalan fresco from 844:Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon 125:rock art of the Spanish Levant 1: 2980:Palol, Pedro and Max Hirmer. 2248: 1990:Other notable sculptors were 1187: 1134:Fernando Yáñez de la Almedina 930: 797:, probably the earliest, the 685:banqueting house overlooking 251:Spanish Colonial architecture 2897:Painting in Spain, 1500-1700 1954: 1358: 1011:in New York, and those from 285:. Picasso dominates Spanish 239:Spanish Baroque architecture 199:, from 1483 and also of the 149:Umayyad conquest of Hispania 7: 3821:UNESCO World Heritage Sites 2991:Jusepe de Ribera, 1591-1652 2982:Early Medieval Art in Spain 2309:The first R is held at the 1942: 1449:Soult Immaculate Conception 1320:Francisco Herrera the Elder 925: 752:Cathedral–Mosque of Córdoba 750:and its decoration are the 501:survive fairly complete at 301:are other leading figures. 211:and (from a safe distance) 10: 4737: 3017:, Abrams Art History, 1997 2909:Dodds, Jerrilynn D. (ed.) 2859:Alcolea Blanch, Santiago. 2224: 2191:Other artistic disciplines 2111: 1911:Garden of Earthly Delights 1854:in his characteristically 1817:; and the sub-movement of 1813:, created the concepts of 1619: 1514:Antonio González Velázquez 1377: 1055: 1009:Metropolitan Museum of Art 991:. The finest examples of 848:UNESCO World Heritage Site 388:found in Germany, and the 331:in Europe is found in the 17: 4655: 4617: 4359: 4276: 4234: 4109: 3961: 3952: 3876: 3834: 3726: 3623: 3614: 3500: 3491: 3385: 3376: 3263: 3254: 3199: 3104: 3095: 2930:, 1964, Thames and Hudson 2804:Santiago Alcolea Blanch, 2673:Prado Guide, pp. 196, 202 1901:The Persistence of Memory 1642: 1495:Giovanni Battista Tiepolo 1437:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo 1301:Being the gateway to the 1243:Dutch Golden Age painting 1205: 1197:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo 1090:Renaissance and Mannerism 1030: 959:In Spain, the art of the 553:, perhaps 10th century BC 527:Missorium of Theodosius I 513:, as well as elements in 356:monuments, including the 352:in particular is rich in 233:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo 45: 3479:Wars and armed conflicts 3119:Ancient History Timeline 2973:O'Neill, John P. (ed.), 2682:Prado Guide, pp. 196-200 2151:. Both admired works by 2120:Spanish royal collection 1506:Francisco Bayeu y Subias 1380:Spanish Baroque Painting 1005:San Baudelio de Berlanga 701:Muslim and Mozarab Spain 639:Muslim Conquest of Spain 3179:Transition to democracy 3154:Reaction and revolution 2941:McDonald, Mark (2012). 2892:. Columbia, Miss. 1989. 2664:Prado Guide, p. 154-155 2646:Prado Guide, p. 152–153 2637:Prado Guide, p. 150–151 2592:Prado Guide, p. 132-139 2476:José Antonio Maravall, 2454:The Prado Guide, pg. 48 2400:The Prado Guide, pg. 48 1833:movement in Paris; and 1558: 1510:Mariano Salvador Maella 1483:Miguel Jacinto Meléndez 1398:Juan Carreño de Miranda 1270:The Disrobing of Christ 1172:(1490–1550), and 1148:modelling of features. 1013:Santa Cruz de Maderuelo 983:, which has the famous 850:, and the 14th century 783:illuminated manuscripts 683:Santa María del Naranco 509:(now in Portugal), and 4402:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4142:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3769:International Interest 3577:Science and technology 3273:Autonomous communities 2780:, pg. 7, Prestel, 2008 2758:Gardiner pg. 985. 1991 2534:Prado Guide, pg 76, 79 2480:. Minneapolis MN 1986. 2181:Museum of the Americas 2114:Golden Triangle of Art 2037:Juan Martínez Montañés 2027: 2015:Saint John the Baptist 1976: 1968: 1965:Juan Martínez Montañés 1798: 1786: 1783:Columbus Museum of Art 1731:(1836–1873) and 1720: 1703:Antonio María Esquivel 1647: 1576: 1470: 1274: 1223:Treaty of the Pyrenees 1210: 1136:(1475–1540) and 1110: 1064:Netherlandish painting 956: 852:Patio de las Doncellas 789:by the Asturian Saint 720: 671:Agate Casket of Oviedo 626: 489:(104–106 AD), and the 320: 66: 50: 37: 3806:National Day of Spain 2125:Rogier van der Weyden 2012: 1974: 1962: 1937:José Gutiérrez Solana 1792: 1773: 1759:Children on the beach 1717:Children on the beach 1711: 1685:, as in the works by 1629: 1571:(El rapto de Europa), 1566: 1473:The beginning of the 1462: 1330:Francisco de Zurbarán 1273:, El Greco, 1577–1579 1267: 1195: 1130:Paolo de San Leocadio 1097: 1058:Hispano-Flemish style 1003:, the paintings from 987:and the frescos from 938: 914:Hispano-Moresque ware 817:Hispano-Moresque ware 708: 635:Treasure of Guarrazar 623:Treasure of Guarrazar 612: 362:Iberian schematic art 329:Upper Paleolithic art 312: 229:Francisco de Zurbarán 121:Upper Paleolithic art 63:The Third of May 1808 56: 31: 3410:Constitutional Court 3050:at Wikimedia Commons 2888:Berg Sobré, Judith. 2709:Prado Guide, pp. 217 2358:Gudiol, 43–44, 51–52 2340:Gudiol, 34–42, 47–51 2079:Francisco del Rincón 1869:Museo Picasso Málaga 1825:. In a similar way, 1630:Frederico Pradilla, 1530:Luis Egidio Meléndez 1468:Luis Egidio Meléndez 1410:Francisco de Herrera 1408:(1627–1685), son of 1174:Juan Correa de Vivar 748:Islamic architecture 364:is stone sculpture, 174:, were prominent in 4618:States with limited 4237:States with limited 4036:Republic of Ireland 3353:Plazas de soberanía 2700:Prado Guide, p. 210 2655:Prado Guide, p. 157 2628:Prado Guide, p. 148 2619:Prado Guide, p. 147 2610:Prado Guide, p. 141 2601:Prado Guide, p. 140 2068:Pedro Duque Cornejo 1985:Cathedral of Toledo 1727:(1834–1901), 1697:(1807–1845), 1691:Federico de Madrazo 1683:Jacques-Louis David 1584:Charles IV of Spain 1499:Anton Raphael Mengs 1430:Juan de Valdés Leal 1394:Spanish Netherlands 1318:(c. 1560–1624) and 1247:Juan Bautista Maíno 1158:Counter Reformation 1124:and many prints by 880:pyxis of al-Mughira 846:is recognised as a 718:province of Córdoba 599:, province of Ávila 551:Treasure of Villena 497:if not always art. 483:Roman Walls of Lugo 479:Aqueduct of Segovia 390:Treasure of Villena 269:are simpler. The 259:New Spanish Baroque 193:Counter-Reformation 106:Counter-Reformation 3582:Telecommunications 3283:Biosphere Reserves 3184:Contemporary Spain 3174:Spain under Franco 3114:Prehistoric Iberia 3013:Tomlinson, Janis, 2691:Prado Guide, p.208 2570:Prado Guide, pg 90 2561:Prado Guide, pg 84 2552:Prado Guide, pg 84 2543:Prado Guide, pg 84 2525:Prado Guide, pg 60 2516:Prado Guide, pg 54 2507:Prado Guide, pg 66 2498:Prado Guide, pg 74 2489:Prado Guide, pg 64 2445:Prado Guide, p. 42 2436:Prado Guide, p. 42 2427:Prado Guide, p. 38 2418:Prado Guide, p. 42 2409:Prado Guide, p. 28 2219:Visual arts portal 2157:Philip II of Spain 2083:Francisco Salzillo 2075:Gregorio Fernández 2028: 1977: 1969: 1799: 1787: 1733:Francisco Pradilla 1721: 1648: 1632:Doña Juana La Loca 1577: 1569:The rape of Europa 1541:Prince of Asturias 1526:Bartolomé Montalvo 1471: 1275: 1215:Spanish Golden Age 1211: 1162:Vicente Juan Masip 1111: 957: 949:province of Lleida 860:Alcázar of Seville 811:Saint-Sever Beatus 787:Book of Revelation 736:Caliphs of Córdoba 721: 629:The Christianized 627: 444:, which are large 358:Almendres Cromlech 321: 217:Spanish Golden Age 67: 51: 4703: 4702: 4319: 4318: 4283:other territories 4230: 4229: 3912: 3911: 3872: 3871: 3796:Myths and legends 3764:National Interest 3610: 3609: 3562:Largest companies 3487: 3486: 3474:Political parties 3442:Foreign relations 3372: 3371: 3320:Iberian Peninsula 3268:Autonomous cities 3250: 3249: 3046:Media related to 2961:The Arts in Spain 2959:Moffitt, John F. 2928:The Arts of Spain 2895:Brown, Jonathan, 2767:Gardiner, pg. 985 2749:Gardiner, pg. 984 2377:Walter W. S. Cook 2349:Gudiol, 53–59, 86 2141:Sandro Botticelli 2058:and his daughter 1992:Bartolomé Ordóñez 1981:Alonso Berruguete 1873:Birthplace Museum 1699:Valeriano Bécquer 1422:Antonio de Pereda 1312:Francisco Pacheco 1251:Francisco Ribalta 1076:Bartolomé Bermejo 1052:Early Renaissance 941:Santa Maria Taüll 791:Beatus of Liébana 586:Bulls of Guisando 495:Roman engineering 491:Tower of Hercules 436:Bulls of Guisando 432:Biche of Balazote 422:, but also shows 412:Lady of Guardamar 396:Iberian sculpture 201:Kingdom of Naples 184:Isabelline Gothic 137:Iberian sculpture 4728: 4656:Dependencies and 4360:Sovereign states 4346: 4339: 4332: 4323: 4322: 3959: 3958: 3954:Sovereign states 3939: 3932: 3925: 3916: 3915: 3892: 3885: 3621: 3620: 3552:Financial crisis 3542:Economic history 3498: 3497: 3415:Cortes Generales 3383: 3382: 3325:Peninsular Spain 3261: 3260: 3212:Pre-Roman Iberia 3207:General overview 3102: 3101: 3078: 3071: 3064: 3055: 3054: 3045: 3024:. New York 1977. 3020:Williams, John. 3009: 2984:. New York 1966. 2977:. New York 1993. 2956: 2913:. New York 1992. 2885: 2848: 2843:Alcolea Blanch, 2841: 2835: 2830:Alcolea Blanch, 2828: 2822: 2817:Alcolea Blanch, 2815: 2809: 2802: 2796: 2787: 2781: 2774: 2768: 2765: 2759: 2756: 2750: 2747: 2741: 2734: 2728: 2725: 2719: 2718:Haftmann, pg 191 2716: 2710: 2707: 2701: 2698: 2692: 2689: 2683: 2680: 2674: 2671: 2665: 2662: 2656: 2653: 2647: 2644: 2638: 2635: 2629: 2626: 2620: 2617: 2611: 2608: 2602: 2599: 2593: 2590: 2584: 2579:Jonathan Brown, 2577: 2571: 2568: 2562: 2559: 2553: 2550: 2544: 2541: 2535: 2532: 2526: 2523: 2517: 2514: 2508: 2505: 2499: 2496: 2490: 2487: 2481: 2474: 2468: 2463:Jonathan Brown, 2461: 2455: 2452: 2446: 2443: 2437: 2434: 2428: 2425: 2419: 2416: 2410: 2407: 2401: 2398: 2392: 2387:The Art Bulletin 2374: 2368: 2365: 2359: 2356: 2350: 2347: 2341: 2338: 2332: 2329: 2323: 2320: 2314: 2307: 2301: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2283: 2280: 2274: 2271: 2265: 2258: 2221: 2216: 2215: 2207: 2202: 2201: 2200: 2133:Hieronymus Bosch 2098:Eduardo Chillida 1906:Hieronymus Bosch 1819:Synthetic Cubism 1745:Eugène Delacroix 1645: 1644: 1528:(1769–1846) and 1520:(1736–1811) and 1428:(1637–1666) and 1404:(1614–1685) and 1310:in the works of 1208: 1207: 1182:Virgin and Child 1140:, who displayed 1080:Pedro Berruguete 1072:Fernando Gallego 910: 895: 875: 856:Peter of Castile 581: 562: 546: 529:is an important 487:Alcántara Bridge 464:votive offerings 335:where there are 48: 47: 42: 4736: 4735: 4731: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4706: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4657: 4651: 4637:Northern Cyprus 4619: 4613: 4534:North Macedonia 4355: 4350: 4320: 4315: 4284: 4282: 4272: 4258:Northern Cyprus 4241: 4238: 4226: 4182:North Macedonia 4105: 3948: 3943: 3913: 3908: 3895: 3888: 3881: 3868: 3863:Toro de Osborne 3830: 3811:Public holidays 3722: 3683:Life expectancy 3606: 3572:Property bubble 3483: 3368: 3246: 3242:Spanish miracle 3195: 3169:Second Republic 3091: 3082: 3038: 3006: 2953: 2935:The Prado Guide 2882: 2866: 2856: 2854:Further reading 2851: 2842: 2838: 2829: 2825: 2816: 2812: 2803: 2799: 2788: 2784: 2775: 2771: 2766: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2735: 2731: 2727:Haftmann, pg 80 2726: 2722: 2717: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2677: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2587: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2484: 2475: 2471: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2444: 2440: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2395: 2375: 2371: 2367:Gudiol, 188–197 2366: 2362: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2308: 2304: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2229: 2217: 2210: 2203: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2149:Mary of Hungary 2137:Juan de Flandes 2116: 2110: 1957: 1945: 1933:Ignacio Zuloaga 1927:La Leçon de Ski 1768: 1751:Joaquín Sorolla 1741:Mariano Fortuny 1729:Eduardo Rosales 1725:Antonio Gisbert 1713:Joaquín Sorolla 1695:Leonardo Alenza 1687:José de Madrazo 1643:Museo del Prado 1624: 1618: 1601:Black Paintings 1561: 1545:King Charles IV 1477:in Spain under 1475:Bourbon dynasty 1457: 1445:Flemish Baroque 1382: 1376: 1364:Diego Velázquez 1361: 1206:Museo del Prado 1190: 1178:Luis de Morales 1138:Fernando Llanos 1103:Luis de Morales 1092: 1084:Juan de Flandes 1068:Hispano-Flemish 1060: 1054: 1033: 1025:panel paintings 933: 928: 921: 920:arms, 1450–1460 911: 902: 896: 887: 876: 807:Escorial Beatus 703: 691:Codex Vigilanus 677:culture of the 607: 600: 582: 573: 563: 554: 547: 428:Sphinx of Agost 307: 247:Juan de Herrera 243:Churrigueresque 221:Diego Velázquez 117:prehistoric art 46:Museo del Prado 33:Diego Velázquez 26: 12: 11: 5: 4734: 4724: 4723: 4721:Art by country 4718: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4661: 4659: 4658:other entities 4653: 4652: 4650: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4623: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4611: 4609:United Kingdom 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 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1841:Picasso 1807:Picasso 1660:Realism 1307:Seville 1231:Baroque 1219:decline 1146:sfumato 1126:Raphael 1038:Mudejar 1017:Segovia 965:frescos 858:in the 840:Mudéjar 764:Granada 740:Andaluz 733:Ummayad 729:Córdoba 651:reliefs 523:mosaics 519:Córdoba 455:falcata 271:decline 253:of the 215:in the 165:Granada 153:Moorish 110:Bourbon 98:Moorish 90:Baroque 86:Picasso 4690:Jersey 4632:Kosovo 4599:Turkey 4589:Sweden 4569:Serbia 4559:Russia 4544:Poland 4539:Norway 4519:Monaco 4489:Latvia 4457:Greece 4442:France 4417:Cyprus 4311:Jersey 4253:Kosovo 4212:Turkey 4202:Serbia 4192:Russia 4187:Norway 4172:Monaco 4101:Sweden 4071:Poland 4046:Latvia 4026:Greece 4016:France 3991:Cyprus 3904:Portal 3844:Anthem 3751:Cinema 3698:People 3547:Energy 3087: 3002: 2967: 2949: 2903: 2878: 2153:Titian 2139:, and 1887:Franco 1865:Málaga 1856:cubist 1815:Cubism 1811:Braque 1785:, Ohio 1487:Rococo 1390:Naples 1386:Rubens 1289:Titian 1239:Rubens 1122:Piombo 1031:Gothic 989:Sigena 918:Medici 878:Ivory 864:stucco 687:Oviedo 475:olives 434:. The 402:; the 360:, and 345:UNESCO 213:Titian 209:Rubens 135:, and 4665:Åland 4584:Spain 4509:Malta 4479:Italy 4110:Other 4096:Spain 4061:Malta 4041:Italy 3890:Index 3816:Sport 3791:Music 3718:Women 3633:Crime 3510:Banks 3139:Union 3085:Spain 2385:from 2243:Music 2185:casta 2018:, by 1466:, by 1101:, by 1099:Pietà 886:, 968 727:near 695:Rioja 568:from 507:Évora 471:wheat 420:Tanit 408:Ibiza 3857:Flag 3713:Time 3602:Wine 3452:LGBT 3000:ISBN 2965:ISBN 2947:ISBN 2901:ISBN 2876:ISBN 2175:The 2118:The 2100:and 2066:and 2002:and 1935:and 1871:and 1701:and 1662:and 1586:and 1559:Goya 1497:and 1489:and 1351:and 1213:The 1082:and 1001:Leon 803:Ende 769:The 758:and 584:The 549:The 517:and 430:and 368:and 343:(as 297:and 261:and 231:and 186:and 178:and 115:The 92:and 84:and 82:Goya 4281:and 3741:Art 3525:GDP 1677:of 1640:). 1015:in 999:in 979:in 805:), 617:of 595:in 570:Elx 503:Vic 406:on 163:in 4712:: 2998:. 2994:. 2926:, 2379:, 2163:, 2135:, 2131:, 2127:, 2104:. 2096:, 2092:, 2077:, 2070:. 2062:, 2054:, 2006:. 1998:, 1994:, 1875:. 1777:, 1715:, 1705:. 1658:, 1654:, 1555:. 1305:, 1203:. 1199:, 1184:. 1105:. 1086:. 1078:, 1074:, 1027:. 947:, 882:, 716:, 665:, 588:a 537:. 505:, 485:, 481:, 473:, 293:, 235:. 227:, 223:, 207:, 80:, 60:, 35:, 4345:e 4338:t 4331:v 3938:e 3931:t 3924:v 3279:) 3275:( 3077:e 3070:t 3063:v 3008:. 2955:. 2884:. 1967:. 1797:. 1646:. 1634:( 1209:. 955:. 49:. 25:.

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