546:
183:
175:
44:
449:
2455:
538:
2384:
950:
observing a progressive decline in support for the monarchy. Studies show that the monarchy has experienced declining public confidence more than any other government institution, especially among youths aged 18 to 24, who have expressed negative opinions about the monarchy in CIS studies since 2006. For the first time ever in 2011, a majority of the population said they did not support the current monarchy. However, the CIS ceased surveying views of the monarchy after April 2015, when poll respondents gave it an average rating of 4.34 out of 10.
856:
2423:, 54% of Spaniards were in favor of a referendum to choose the form of government (monarchy or republic), and support was always found to be even higher when surveying younger age groups (support was 73.1% amongst 18- to 24-year-olds, but only 34.5% for those above 65 years). Support for such a referendum is also higher amongst the more educated groups of the population, voters in left-wing political parties, and between members of the upper and upper-middle classes. In 2013, as a result of the accusation of
3978:
2609:, Pedro Sánchez's team negotiated for the withdrawal of an amendment from the Socialist Youth that demanded "implanting the republic as a model of the State through a constitutional reform and the convening of a referendum". The amendment was withdrawn and the resolution finally stated that "PSOE has its own conception of the State model and the form of government towards which it wants to advance, strengthening republican values and promoting a federal model".
664:
2589:(PSOE) is the main centre-left Spanish political party and the one that has spent the most years in government since the Transition (1982–1996, 2004–2011, 2018–present). Since the approval of the Constitution, the party maintains a position of limited intervention in debate on the monarchy, providing some support to the monarchy while many grassroot members self-identify as republican. The PSOE has praised the monarchy and its role, while its youth wing
618:
911:. During the drafting of the constitution, UCD, AP and PCE supported the monarchy as the form of government. PSOE abstained on that point and supported an amendment to establish a republic. However, in the 80s, the Communist Party (PCE) and its coalition the United Left resumed advocating for a Third Spanish Republic. There are also other regional parties advocating republicanism.
378:
1982:
2593:(JSE) openly advocates for the establishment of a republic. In its resolutions of the 37th Congress (2004–2008), the PSOE declared itself in support of a "civic republicanism". The mentions of republicanism disappeared in the resolutions of the 38th Congress due to internal conflict over this position. Current
949:
has not conducted any surveys in which respondents were asked their preference of the system of government, monarchy or republic. However, the CIS has published surveys on the "value" respondents place on the monarchy, and the agency has occasionally published questions regarding the current monarch,
683:
parties. The CEDA emerged as the largest single parliamentary group, but lacked a majority of its own. As a result, Alcalá Zamora opted to appoint a cabinet made up of various centre-right radical and liberal parties led by
Alejandro Lerroux. This cabinet too suffered from too narrow a majority, and
5091:
1. If a total revision of the
Constitution is proposed, or a partial revision thereof, affecting the Preliminary Part, Chapter II, Division 1 of Part I; or Part II, the principle of the proposed reform shall be approved by a two-thirds majority of the members of each House, and the Cortes Generales
2446:, but since then, support for the monarchy has dropped to a technical tie between its supporters and supporters of the republic, according to surveys in recent years, therefore becoming the European country with the highest percentage of detractors of the current monarchical state model.
2441:
on 2 June 2014, thousands of protesters took to the squares of several
Spanish towns and cities demanding a referendum on whether the monarchy should continue. Subsequent surveys showed that the abdication improved the image of the Crown thanks to a positive image of the new king,
4126:. There was no consensus amongst "Juancarlists" on what to do upon Juan Carlos's abdication or death, but some Juancarlists supported the abolition of the monarchy after Juan Carlos, while others believed that the ascension of the King's heir,
88:
Despite the country's long-lasting schools of republican movements, the government of Spain has been organized as a republic during only two short periods in its history, which totaled 9 years and 8 months of republican government. The
4023:
establishes that the approval of a new constitution or the approval of any constitutional amendment affecting the
Preliminary Title, or Section I of Chapter II of Title I (on Fundamental Rights and Public Liberties) or Title II (on
700:
by the socialist movement, designed to dissuade Alcala and
Lerroux from including the CEDA ministers; and a worker uprising in the northern region of Asturias that united the local branches of the socialist movement to those of the
714:
The violent repression of the Rising, especially in
Asturias, the suppression of Catalan home rule, and the arrest of numerous prominent political figures who had been uninvolved in the unrest, motived the formation of the Spanish
687:
The inclusion of the CEDA, considered to be insincere in its support for the existing regime, was the trigger for the incidents of
October 1934. Various initiatives were launched, ranging from a declaration of federal autonomy by
584:, delimiting a common strategy to bring the republic, also conforming a revolutionary committee. On 14 April 1931, two days after a round of municipal elections (understood as a plebiscite on monarchy) in which republicans won a
2574:
supports the monarchy. However, its leader
Santiago Abascal has defended that "Spain, its sovereignty and its unity are above the Monarchy, the Republic, the Constitution and Democracy", suggesting a conditional support to the
2108:
2605:, who identifies as republican, has asserted more than once that "The PSOE is a republican party, but constitutional" and "We Republicans feel very well represented in this parliamentary monarchy that we have". In the
968:
Spanish newspapers also sporadically publish surveys and opinion polls with questions related to the monarchy and of the survey respondents' political affiliation as monarchist or republican, among other options:
2391:
After 2005, surveys have measured a larger support for republicanism amongst
Spanish youth, with more 18- to 29-year-olds identifying themselves as republicans than those identifying as monarchists, according to
73:. While these movements have shared the objective of establishing a republic, during these three centuries there have surged distinct schools of thought on the form republicans would want to give to the Spanish
1471:
2618:
does not have a defined position vis-à-vis the form of government but the party has praised the monarchy and its role. Former leader, Albert Rivera, declared that he does not define himself as a monarchist.
2418:
to allow the
Spanish people to decide between a monarchy and a republic, a number that increased by 3% compared to the data collected the year before by the same newspaper. According to a 2012 survey by
1793:
1142:
5279:
4417:
5299:
4950:
1856:
5547:
5324:
5094:
2. The Houses elected thereupon must ratify the decision and proceed to examine the new constitutional text, which must be passed by a two-thirds majority of the members of each House.
4932:
5562:
5514:
5411:
1919:
580:
lead to the resignation of Primo de Rivera in 1930 and made the fall of the monarchy inevitable. The bulk of Republican forces convened in August 1930 and reached an agreement, the
637:) was elected president of the Council of Ministers (premier). Azaña's government attempted to pass many reforms, such as the Agrarian Reform Law, and is consequently known as the
5519:
5371:
965:
in order to avoid a referendum on republic, as secret surveys reportedly commissioned by the State did not deliver a favorable results for the monarchist option back at the time.
4682:
1583:
5524:
5471:
5441:
5401:
5381:
5361:
5264:
104:, there are movements and political parties throughout the entire political spectrum that advocate for a Third Spanish Republic. Despite enjoying a wider support within the
883:, maintained since their defeat in the Civil War, dissolved itself and officially recognized the post-Francoist democracy. Spain established a constitution with democratic
5552:
5376:
2606:
5572:
5557:
5504:
5456:
5451:
5426:
5284:
5065:
5542:
1121:
5481:
5431:
5391:
5344:
5339:
5329:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5289:
5274:
5269:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
1268:
69:
thought, especially throughout the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries, that has manifested itself in diverse political parties and movements over the entire course of the
914:
In 2016 an unpublished interview with the former president Adolfo Suarez in 1995 came to light, where he confesses that he included the word king and monarchy in the
5567:
5509:
5446:
5436:
5421:
5396:
5366:
5334:
5294:
1751:
1163:
5386:
5356:
908:
797:, leader of the uprising against the Second Republic, attempted to establish a "republican dictatorship," but in 1947 Franco declared his authoritarian reign as a
750:
The Popular Front emerged victorious in the legislative elections of 1936, forming a government of republican parties and elevating Manuel Azaña as head of state.
389:
After being banished from the institutions, republicanism underwent a heap of troubles, with differences of approach becoming apparent between those followers of
293:
However, the Republic fell victim to the same instabilities provoked by the ongoing wars and the division amongst republicans. The majority of republicans were
201:
4708:
4608:
545:
676:
4486:
182:
4844:
1373:
656:
were rising in power in Europe. The political instability of the time can be seen by the fact that, in 1932, there had already been a failed coup led by
4122:(variously written with and without the capital "J") is the support not of the institution of the monarchy itself, but rather for the previous monarch,
1310:
275:; and the moderate-liberal monarchy was met with stiff opposition from all sides, by republicans to its left, and from its right by a large part of the
5012:
4266:
5053:
2400:
poll, 47.9% of Spaniards would have liked to democratically elect King Juan Carlos, and 42.3% of respondents thought that the succession of his heir
1492:
4734:
4421:
4354:
1625:
1667:
1604:
1026:
5131:
4006:
1045:
313:
of 1873. The complicated political situation is demonstrated by the fact that in just eleven months there were four presidents of the Republic:
2424:
1289:
2192:
247:
in favour of a liberal constitutional monarchy. A search for a new monarch among several European royal courts ensued and the Italian prince
5013:"Juventudes Socialistas reivindica "avanzar hacia la Tercera República" con motivo del 14 de Abril. | Juventudes Socialistas de España"
4826:
1205:
957:) with the statement that "the Monarchy discussion is long ago a thing of the past." In 2016, it was revealed that during a 1995 interview,
5041:
4179:
The statement "the Monarchy is something that has long overstayed its welcome", is badly translated. The actually Spanish wording used is
577:
1709:
569:
1534:
235:
174:
2276:
43:
4091:
934:
946:
393:"pactist" federalism and those ready to jump into Castelar's possibilism in regard of the new conservative regime. Castelar led the
5349:
1079:
4999:"BLANCO: 'Los alcaldes socialistas que incumplen la Ley de Banderas son una minoría, saben que deben cumplirla y lo harán' – PSOE"
672:
4528:
4327:
4279:
Pike, David Wingeate. Spaniards in the Holocaust: Mauthausen, the horror on the Danube; Editorial: Routledge Chapman & Hall
3563:
778:
5030:
Para los socialistas, la defensa y la regulación de derechos arranca de la idea misma del republicanismo cívico que propugnamos.
603:, allowing a group of provinces to form self-governing regions, a provision availed of to form the regions of Catalonia and the
5223:
2707:
1688:
888:
880:
820:
805:, grandson of the ousted Alfonso XIII, as his successor and the next king in 1969. Juan Carlos ascended to the throne upon the
35:
5603:
4652:
4284:
3714:
3654:
1558:
604:
17:
707:
4868:
3787:
518:
514:
4797:
4785:
3704:
765:. While the republican regime was abandoned by the other European democracies and only received military support from the
5486:
3999:
3857:
3483:
3174:
2586:
2482:
Podemos advocates to establish a republic holding a referendum on whether or not to abolish the monarchy. Former leader,
1898:
892:
860:
836:
720:
506:
472:
attempted to represent and fuse all streams of republican thought. However, two parties split from the Republican Union:
4372:
2234:
3874:
3684:
3144:
2615:
2045:
2024:
414:
5608:
4914:
3964:
3429:
3214:
2472:
1397:
1005:
4971:"Rodríguez Zapatero y Rajoy elogian el 'digno' papel de la monarquía y reiteran su 'lealtad' a la Corona – EL MUNDO"
1446:
358:
proclaimed the need to restore the monarchy. Following the acceptance of the coup by the Captain General of Madrid,
5406:
5096:
3. Once the amendment has been passed by the Cortes Generales, it shall be submitted to ratification by referendum.
4851:
4712:
4612:
4594:
4444:
4244:
3832:
3503:
2364:
3744:
1646:
724:
341:
5593:
4998:
4131:
4130:
should have been put to a plebiscite. Juan Carlos had a particularly strong following because of his work in the
1730:
930:
876:
790:
758:
4933:"Casado defiende la Monarquía y rechaza una comisión de investigación para analizar las revelaciones de Corinna"
4886:
4297:
363:
4134:
from dictatorship in the 1970s, however polls showed that this support was waning towards the end of his reign.
3992:
2838:
1940:
1835:
740:
469:
3759:
774:
562:
3129:
2542:
904:
827:
in April 1939. Thousands of Republicans fled the country to France as well. Many of them were captured after
445:(PRC). These parties contributed a diverse set of independent republican deputies to the Spanish parliament.
219:
133:
3739:
448:
4809:
4786:
Iglesias continues his offensive against the King: "Nobody has chosen him, less protocol and more Republic"
3954:
3917:
3837:
3797:
3699:
3694:
2538:
2518:
2415:
1067:
900:
875:'s downfall, and after his death they started a process of negotiation with the government that led to the
744:
337:
4955:
918:
so as not to have to consult the issue of the monarchy to the citizenry, as polls told him he would lose.
4900:
4760:
3689:
2438:
2213:
1877:
1422:
1352:
1331:
1226:
418:
215:
5105:
4515:"Más de la mitad de los españoles dice que la Monarquía es algo "superado desde hace tiempo" / EL MUNDO"
2396:. Despite this, some surveys show the public in favour of the monarchy, and according to an August 2008
30:
This article is about advocacy of republican government in Spain. For the Republican Faction during the
5598:
5216:
4458:
4400:
4127:
3792:
3493:
3164:
2401:
2343:
483:
4232:
355:
4567:"Los españoles dan un notable a la Monarquía pero un 38% de jóvenes prefiere la República / EL MUNDO"
3802:
3769:
3669:
3664:
3334:
2951:
2560:
2129:
2066:
962:
915:
754:
630:
268:
223:
5158:
4548:
4313:
2483:
2454:
2087:
2003:
1814:
513:, at the same time as the Catalan sectors of the Republican Union, the CNR, and the PRDF formed the
422:
242:
5077:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3719:
3294:
2697:
2590:
2498:
896:
728:
702:
693:
611:
477:
434:
359:
4970:
3074:
2414:'s "Publicscopio" section in December 2009, 61% survey respondents were in favour of amending the
2255:
2171:
2150:
581:
5476:
5466:
5416:
5319:
4529:"Adolfo Suárez no sometió a referéndum la monarquía porque las encuestas le dijeron que perdería"
4328:"Adolfo Suárez no sometió a referéndum la monarquía porque las encuestas le dijeron que perdería"
4076:
3852:
3842:
3807:
3523:
3169:
2760:
2672:
2598:
2546:
922:
736:
645:, for the first time in Spanish history: previously restricted to men, the right to vote was now
634:
589:
526:
498:
187:
94:
4985:"Zapatero defiende el "cumplimiento ejemplar del papel constitucional" de Doña Sofía / EL MUNDO"
593:
4123:
4071:
3862:
3379:
3314:
2863:
2853:
2790:
2322:
2299:
884:
652:
The Republic soon had to confront the political polarization of the era, at the same time that
318:
287:
160:
90:
2976:
2535:
is a green eco-socialist party. Equo advocates for a "federal, secular, and republican state".
550:
537:
5209:
4984:
4580:
4566:
4020:
3907:
3729:
3543:
3424:
3036:
3016:
2926:
2770:
2652:
2571:
2497:
The United Left (IU) is a federation of left-wing parties and organizations dominated by the
1961:
777:, whose support was pivotal in the final victory of the nationalist uprising. The triumphant
716:
680:
625:
After the victory of the socialist and left-republican coalition in the June 1931 elections,
573:
322:
294:
229:
561:
After 1917, the Restoration regime entered a state of crisis, which finally resulted in the
200:
Federalist republicanism, emerged in the 1850s and 1860s, had a key figure in the person of
3892:
3634:
3573:
2936:
2858:
2765:
2732:
2549:
all advocate to establish a Catalan republic and are strongly against the present monarchy.
2506:
2491:
2479:(IU) and other left-wing parties. It entered a coalition government with the PSOE in 2020.
2458:
IU politicians heading a march during the 14 April 2018 republican demonstration in Madrid.
430:
371:
168:
684:
Lerroux was eventually obliged to extend its support by including several CEDA ministers.
192:
8:
4491:
4028:), the so-called "protected provisions", are subject to a special process that requires:
3867:
3812:
3734:
3644:
3533:
3046:
2828:
2818:
2813:
2702:
2487:
2476:
646:
608:
367:
314:
310:
113:
5123:
4683:"España sigue siendo monárquica gracias a los andaluces y a pesar de catalanes y vascos"
2505:
is "to transform gradually the capitalist economic, social, and political system into a
2383:
5078:
Pedro Sánchez restrains an initiative of his Youth that asked to establish the Republic
4514:
3948:
3922:
3764:
3754:
3724:
3679:
3624:
3610:
3473:
3414:
3189:
3104:
2823:
2443:
926:
642:
607:. Its first President of the Republic (head of state) was Niceto Alcalá Zamora, of the
105:
2409:
171:(1833–1868) that the first clearly republican and anti-monarchist movements appeared.
5170:
5145:
4872:
4280:
4267:"Franco, Mola y Queipo de Llano, ante Los tribunales – 17/10/08 – 808961 – EcoDiario"
4248:
4081:
4056:
4025:
3959:
3932:
3709:
3649:
3629:
3513:
3284:
3194:
2946:
2843:
2631:
2502:
762:
585:
473:
272:
264:
255:
was chosen. But Spain was in a period of profound instability: Legitimist monarchist
248:
148:
101:
31:
3229:
2687:
1513:
689:
5135:
5066:
Sánchez: "We Republicans feel very well represented in this parliamentary Monarchy"
4487:"Monarchy or Republic? Spanish king questioned as universities hold symbolic votes"
4066:
4051:
3942:
3902:
3619:
3453:
3359:
3259:
3244:
3154:
3084:
2991:
2986:
2961:
2868:
2848:
2833:
2692:
2594:
2420:
828:
786:
757:
that failed to seize control of government but which, by taking control of much of
413:
between 1878 and 1890, were unable to compete with the large dynastic parties: the
410:
256:
82:
70:
3274:
3184:
2602:
958:
855:
657:
267:
against the country's progressive direction; there was colonial unrest in Spanish
4660:
4626:
4386:
4086:
3982:
3674:
3659:
3299:
3179:
3139:
3114:
3094:
3041:
3026:
2878:
2873:
2742:
2737:
2727:
2682:
2657:
2510:
1562:
1555:
1450:
1401:
872:
653:
402:
385:
federal republic, the incorporation of the masses to politics and social reform".
346:
326:
280:
206:
164:
74:
3079:
2906:
626:
333:
5159:"Republicanismo en España y Portugal (1876-1890/91): una perspectiva comparada"
3912:
3639:
3605:
3404:
3394:
3349:
3309:
3304:
3249:
3239:
3234:
3219:
3149:
3134:
3119:
3109:
3021:
2921:
2911:
2901:
2517:, respect of nature, and organized in conformity with a federal and republican
2468:
697:
305:
republican current. Moreover, within the Federalists there was an intransigent
152:
3204:
5587:
5174:
5149:
4946:
4252:
4061:
3749:
3583:
3553:
3463:
3369:
3364:
3339:
3319:
3159:
3031:
3006:
2981:
2966:
2956:
2941:
2896:
2662:
2638:
2526:
1782:
1774:
879:. In 1977, after the first democratic general elections since the 1930s, the
802:
782:
600:
381:
Francisco Pi y Margall, leader of the federal republicans who vouched for a "
306:
302:
144:
78:
66:
4709:"#ElectoPanel Octubre:los españoles suspenden a la Monarquía. – Electomanía"
4355:"Spain threatens 'legal measures' after Catalan parliament rejects monarchy"
532:
5025:
3419:
3399:
3384:
3344:
3329:
3289:
3224:
3209:
3099:
3001:
2667:
832:
770:
766:
138:
117:
5201:
4918:
4901:"Más País apuesta por una república federal como nuevo modelo para España"
4595:"Público.es – La reforma de la Constitución gana adeptos en el último año"
4314:
The parliamentary monarchy, approved with the abstention of the socialists
2428:
1394:
5140:
4533:
3897:
3434:
3374:
3324:
3269:
3064:
2996:
2722:
2717:
1443:
844:
794:
276:
222:
resulted in a majority of legislators belonging to the coalition between
121:
3977:
2521:. IU and the PCE advocate the establishment of a Third Spanish Republic.
3937:
3927:
3389:
3354:
3279:
3264:
3199:
3124:
3069:
2971:
2916:
2795:
2780:
2514:
2405:
1184:
617:
298:
109:
4233:"El republicanismo español tras la crisis de fin de siglo (1898-1914)"
871:
The anti-Francoist opposition failed in their attempts to bring about
4887:"Público.es – Lara y Anguita encabezan la lucha por la III República"
3409:
3089:
2785:
2677:
2567:
2434:, republican support has begun to increase greater than ever before.
1778:
840:
696:, designed to limit the CEDA's ability to intervene in the region; a
554:
502:
491:
663:
4630:
3254:
3011:
2775:
2712:
2622:
2387:
2006 demonstration in Madrid calling for the Third Spanish Republic
953:
A study published on 24 June 2004 found 55% of Spaniards agreeing (
864:
806:
460:
Factions of the PDP and the PRP branched off and fused to form the
366:
was formed putting and end to the Republic, bringing the so-called
156:
59:
1247:
641:("Two Reformist Years"). 1931 also saw the introduction of truly
1100:
798:
351:
155:, in which Spain and nearby regions fought for independence from
5189:
151:. The first manifestations of republicanism occurred during the
4463:
4200:
2931:
377:
340:
that established a unitary republican dictatorship presided by
4827:"Iglesias: "Estamos más cerca" de unas elecciones anticipadas"
568:, Captain-General of Catalonia. Primo de Rivera established a
409:. Nonetheless, these parties, immersed in a system of unequal
4041:
that the amendment is approved by the people in a referendum.
4038:
that two-thirds of each new House approves the amendment, and
887:
as the form of government. The constitution was supported by
824:
252:
55:
835:
in 1940; some 7,000 died in concentration camps, especially
5054:
Pedro Sánchez: "The PSOE is republican, but constitutional"
4609:"Público.es – Dos ideas de España frente a la Constitución"
2532:
732:
218:
overthrew Isabella II, but the Cortes (Spanish parliament)
178:
Proclamation of the First Republic by the National Assembly
4627:"Spanish cabinet to discuss King Juan Carlos's abdication"
186:
Proclamation of the Republic in the streets of Madrid, by
4951:"Vox, Podemos y Ciudadanos: tres miradas a la Transición"
4581:"'Indiferentes' ante la Corona o la República / EL MUNDO"
4164:
Monarchist: 35.7%, More monarchist than republican: 11.2%
2317:
2294:
533:
Primo de Rivera, the Second Republic, and Francoist Spain
4273:
2471:
is a left-wing to far-left electoral alliance formed by
592:
was proclaimed and a provisional government presided by
139:
Origins, the First Republic, and the Bourbon Restoration
5195:
5128:
Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie V, Historia Contemporánea
4155:
Republican: 9.7%, More republican than monarchist: 6.2%
679:, an umbrella organisation of various conservative and
667:"República Española", painting by Teodoro Andreu (1931)
4761:"El republicanismo como nuevo eje político de Podemos"
3611:
961:
had confessed that he included the word 'King' in the
456:, with Blasco Ibáñez gesticulating before the masses.
4816:. Published 22 December 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
4212:
4032:
that two-thirds of each House approve the amendment,
309:
sector that was infuriated and later quashed by the
286:
On that same day in 1873, the Cortes proclaimed the
93:
lasted from February 1873 to December 1874, and the
5026:
PSOE Resolutiones for the 37th Congress of Deputies
671:The general elections of 1933 saw the emergence of
163:(1813–1833) there were several liberalist military
54:is a political position and movement that believes
5121:
4735:"Unidas Podemos tiñe su campaña de republicanismo"
4206:
1070:turns 18 and swears allegiance to the Constitution
297:, and they therefore supported the formation of a
283:; thus King Amadeo abdicated on 11 February 1873.
4653:"empate técnico entre monárquicos y republicanos"
4185:"that discussion is long ago a thing of the past"
4035:that elections are called immediately thereafter,
65:There has existed in Spain a persistent trend of
5585:
4387:"Escolar.net:La monarquía se desgasta en España"
2623:Constitutional procedure to establish a republic
621:"Allegory of the Second Republic", poster (1931)
509:("PSOE" in Spanish) joined together to form the
147:arose out of liberal thought in the wake of the
4810:Podemos to offer referendum on Spanish monarchy
2486:, said that he does not advocate changing to a
5106:The steps to hold a referendum on the republic
4230:
2509:system, founded on the principles of justice,
843:. The Republican government in exile moved to
747:, as well as several minor political parties.
102:monarchical regime currently in force in Spain
5217:
5132:Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
4000:
937:and demanding the abolition of the monarchy.
47:Allegory of the First Spanish Republic (1873)
2529:advocates to establish a "federal republic".
2449:
719:. This included the socialist movement (the
677:Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas
468:was formed, and in 1903 the creation of the
441:(PRP), and Nicolás Salmerón established the
259:(reactionaries and staunch defenders of the
5231:
4325:
4181:"la Monarquía es algo superado hace tiempo"
769:, the nationalist rebels were supported by
549:Proclamation of the Second Republic in the
5224:
5210:
4555:. 18 December 2011 – via elpais.com.
4007:
3993:
850:
599:The Second Republic adopted the form of a
301:democratic republic, but there was also a
5196:Alliance of European Republican Movements
5139:
4798:Iglesias: "Patriotism is called Republic"
4092:Alliance of European Republican Movements
735:parties, and the left-republican parties
5198:, the umbrella organization of the RICP.
5163:Revista da Faculdade de Letras. Historia
2453:
2382:
854:
662:
616:
544:
536:
488:Partido de Unión Republicana Autonomista
447:
376:
181:
173:
42:
3564:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch
497:(CNR) appeared. Following the acts of "
427:Partido Republicano Democrático Federal
14:
5586:
5156:
4945:
4459:"Spain asks:Is monarchy right for us?"
4218:
947:Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas
881:Spanish Republican government-in-exile
821:Spanish Republican government in exile
814:
124:parties espousing republican stances.
97:lasted from April 1931 to April 1939.
36:Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)
5205:
3715:1946 Italian institutional referendum
3655:Spanish American wars of independence
847:in 1940, returning to Paris in 1946.
588:, Alfonso XIII fled the country, the
5122:Higueras Castañeda, Eduardo (2016).
4110:Monarchist: 15.7%, Juancarlist: 7.0%
2563:(PP) strongly supports the monarchy.
973:
515:Republican Nationalist Federal Union
505:in 1909, republican parties and the
374:(son of Isabella II) to the throne.
167:, but it was not until the reign of
4237:Cuadernos de Historia Contemporánea
3484:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates
861:flag of the Second Spanish Republic
541:Flag of the Second Spanish Republic
24:
2539:Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)
25:
5620:
5183:
5042:Pedro Sánchez: "I'm a Republican"
4442:
4352:
2462:
940:
523:Conjunción Republicano-Socialista
511:Conjunción Republicano-Socialista
159:, 1808–1814. During the reign of
5192:, a Spanish republican movement.
5092:shall immediately be dissolved.
4373:"Argumentos contra la monarquía"
4326:eldiario.es (18 November 2016).
3976:
3504:Discourses Concerning Government
2587:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
925:passed a motion condemning king
708:National Confederation of Labour
694:government of the Catalan region
507:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
425:. Later Pi y Margall formed the
5114:
5099:
5083:
5071:
5059:
5047:
5035:
5019:
5005:
4991:
4977:
4963:
4939:
4925:
4907:
4893:
4879:
4861:
4837:
4819:
4803:
4791:
4779:
4753:
4727:
4701:
4675:
4645:
4619:
4601:
4587:
4573:
4559:
4541:
4521:
4507:
4479:
4451:
4436:
4410:
4393:
4379:
4365:
4231:Suárez Cortina, Manuel (1998).
4173:
4158:
4149:
4137:
4132:Spanish transition to democracy
4113:
4104:
3770:Barbadian Republic Proclamation
2553:
2437:When Juan Carlos announced his
877:Spanish transition to democracy
791:Spanish transition to democracy
761:, provoked the outbreak of the
443:Partido Republicano Centralista
439:Partido Republicano Progresista
344:. The regime was followed by a
27:Political position and movement
4903:(in Spanish). 22 October 2019.
4800:, El Periódico 14 October 2018
4767:(in Spanish). 31 December 2017
4346:
4319:
4307:
4290:
4269:(in Spanish). 17 October 2008.
4259:
4224:
3705:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
3685:German Revolution of 1918–1919
572:with the approval of the King
13:
1:
5028:(2004–2008). Page 101 says: "
4935:. Europa Press. 16 July 2018.
4194:
2408:. According to the newspaper
753:On 17 July 1936, there was a
495:Centre Nacionalista Republicà
407:Partido Progresista Demócrata
399:Partido Demócrata Posibilista
354:, in which Brigadier General
134:Contemporary history of Spain
5604:Political movements in Spain
5190:Red Inter Civico Republicana
4917:(in Spanish). Archived from
4871:(in Spanish). Archived from
4850:(in Spanish). Archived from
4788:, El Español 14 October 2018
4711:(in Spanish). Archived from
4611:(in Spanish). Archived from
4420:(in Spanish). Archived from
3955:Republic without republicans
3700:11 September 1922 Revolution
3695:Mongolian Revolution of 1921
2579:
1068:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
789:'s death and the subsequent
462:Partido Republicano Nacional
417:of Cánovas del Castillo and
364:Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
7:
5080:, eldiario.es 18 June 2017
4741:(in Spanish). 13 April 2019
4045:
3690:Turkish War of Independence
3612:
578:crisis of this dictatorship
479:Partido Republicano Radical
332:On 3 January 1874, General
216:Glorious Revolution of 1868
10:
5625:
5124:"Presentación del dossier"
4689:(in Spanish). 19 June 2019
3745:1970 Cambodian coup d'état
3494:The Commonwealth of Oceana
654:totalitarian dictatorships
452:Republican meeting in the
415:Liberal-Conservative Party
362:, a new government led by
131:
127:
29:
5533:
5495:
5237:
5044:, Onda Cero 15 April 2016
4443:M, F. (27 October 2011).
3918:The Emperor's New Clothes
3670:5 October 1910 revolution
3665:French Revolution of 1848
2688:Liberty as non-domination
2501:(PCE). The IU states its
2450:Political party positions
1771:
1065:
977:
974:
963:1977 Political Reform Act
916:1977 Political Reform Law
801:for the monarchy, naming
566:of Miguel Primo de Rivera
342:Marshal Francisco Serrano
5609:Republicanism by country
4097:
3760:1987 Fijian coups d'état
3720:1952 Egyptian revolution
2698:Political representation
2591:Socialist Youth of Spain
2499:Communist Party of Spain
1561:27 February 2021 at the
703:Communist Party of Spain
612:Liberal Republican Right
360:Fernando Primo de Rivera
106:left wing political camp
5232:Republicanism in Europe
5108:, El Mundo 27 June 2014
4298:"Izquierda Republicana"
4207:Higueras Castañeda 2016
4077:Second Spanish Republic
3740:1969 Libyan coup d'état
3524:Discourse on Inequality
2673:Consent of the governed
945:Spain's government-run
851:Transition to democracy
745:Catalan Republican Left
590:Second Spanish Republic
419:Liberal–Fusionist Party
356:Arsenio Martínez Campos
350:on 29 December 1874 in
95:Second Spanish Republic
5594:Republicanism in Spain
5280:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4072:First Spanish Republic
2490:republic but maintain
2459:
2388:
885:parliamentary monarchy
868:
668:
622:
558:
542:
470:Republican Union Party
457:
386:
319:Francisco Pi y Margall
288:First Spanish Republic
197:
179:
91:First Spanish Republic
52:Republicanism in Spain
48:
4949:(13 September 2019).
4875:on December 20, 2009.
4615:on February 22, 2014.
4316:, El País 12 May 1978
4245:Ediciones Complutense
3908:Criticism of monarchy
3730:North Yemen civil war
3544:The Federalist Papers
2839:Federal parliamentary
2457:
2386:
1400:5 August 2020 at the
955:"más bien de acuerdo"
858:
803:Juan Carlos de Borbón
673:José María Gil-Robles
666:
658:General José Sanjurjo
620:
582:Pact of San Sebastián
548:
540:
451:
380:
370:and the ascension of
185:
177:
143:The roots of Spanish
46:
18:Spanish republicanism
5157:Penche, Jon (2011).
5141:10.5944/etfv.28.2016
5089:Article 168 states:
4921:on November 5, 2014.
4021:Spanish Constitution
3893:Classical radicalism
3635:Republic of Florence
3574:Democracy in America
2733:Separation of powers
2708:Public participation
2614:The right-of-centre
2507:democratic socialist
2416:Spanish Constitution
1449:13 July 2020 at the
705:and the syndicalist
681:Catholic-nationalist
594:Niceto Alcalá Zamora
431:Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla
265:launched another war
237:"cimbrian" democrats
5496:States with limited
4663:on 27 February 2021
4549:"Intención de voto"
4537:. 18 November 2016.
4492:Catalan News Agency
4359:www.catalannews.com
4143:Monarchist: 28.5%,
3983:Politics portal
3788:Antigua and Barbuda
3735:Zanzibar Revolution
3645:American Revolution
3534:The Social Contract
2703:Popular sovereignty
2404:should be put to a
867:being flown in 2020
829:France was occupied
823:was established in
815:Exile and Holocaust
779:Nationalist faction
551:plaça de Sant Jaume
490:. In that time the
435:José María Esquerdo
315:Estanislao Figueras
311:Cantonal Revolution
5068:, ABC 15 June 2016
5056:, RTVE 4 June 2014
4833:. 5 November 2018.
4715:on 2 December 2020
4467:. 10 December 2018
4424:on 2 February 2014
4353:Terol, Alan Ruiz.
4145:Juancarlist: 14.6%
4124:King Juan Carlos I
3949:Primus inter pares
3765:Nepalese Civil War
3755:Iranian Revolution
3725:14 July Revolution
3680:Russian Revolution
3675:Chinese Revolution
3625:Republic of Venice
3474:Discourses on Livy
2607:39th PSOE Congress
2460:
2389:
2361:30 Sep–2 Oct 1996
1706:23 Mar–6 Apr 2018
1601:22 Dec–5 Jan 2019
1580:28 May–3 Jun 2019
1531:28 Apr–4 May 2020
1181:27 Aug–3 Sep 2021
1160:24 Sep–4 Oct 2021
1097:29 Jan–4 Feb 2022
1076:26 Jul–4 Aug 2023
923:Catalan parliament
869:
785:that lasted until
669:
643:universal suffrage
623:
559:
543:
519:Melquíades Álvarez
466:Fusión Republicana
458:
411:censitary suffrage
387:
202:Roque Barcia Martí
198:
180:
49:
5599:Politics of Spain
5581:
5580:
4869:"Izquierda Unida"
4845:"Izquierda Unida"
4495:. 4 December 2018
4418:"El Confidencial"
4285:978-0-415-22780-3
4082:Spanish Civil War
4057:Politics of Spain
4017:
4016:
3960:Republican empire
3933:List of republics
3782:National variants
3710:Spanish Civil War
3650:French Revolution
3630:Republic of Genoa
3514:The Spirit of Law
3447:Theoretical works
2791:Neo-republicanism
2595:social-democratic
2559:The conservative
2519:"state of rights"
2425:Princess Cristina
2381:
2380:
859:A variant of the
763:Spanish Civil War
755:military uprising
727:), the communist
647:extended to women
639:Bienio Reformista
631:Republican Action
586:landslide victory
474:Alejandro Lerroux
395:Partido Demócrata
307:pro-confederation
193:Le Monde Illustré
149:French Revolution
108:, there are also
32:Spanish Civil War
16:(Redirected from
5616:
5534:Dependencies and
5238:Sovereign states
5226:
5219:
5212:
5203:
5202:
5178:
5153:
5143:
5109:
5103:
5097:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5069:
5063:
5057:
5051:
5045:
5039:
5033:
5023:
5017:
5016:
5009:
5003:
5002:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4883:
4877:
4876:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4857:on June 9, 2013.
4856:
4849:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4823:
4817:
4807:
4801:
4795:
4789:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4659:. Archived from
4649:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4525:
4519:
4518:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4472:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4375:. 15 April 2012.
4369:
4363:
4362:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4323:
4317:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4294:
4288:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4204:
4188:
4177:
4165:
4162:
4156:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4117:
4111:
4108:
4067:Spanish Monarchy
4052:History of Spain
4009:
4002:
3995:
3981:
3980:
3965:Republican Party
3943:Peasant republic
3903:Communitarianism
3620:Classical Athens
3615:
3589:
3579:
3569:
3559:
3549:
3539:
3529:
3519:
3509:
3499:
3489:
3479:
3469:
3459:
2693:Mixed government
2627:
2626:
2319:
2296:
972:
971:
837:Mauthausen-Gusen
787:Francisco Franco
781:established the
741:Republican Union
609:liberal-Catholic
601:unitary republic
323:Nicolás Salmerón
246:
210:
165:pronunciamientos
71:history of Spain
21:
5624:
5623:
5619:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5577:
5535:
5529:
5515:Northern Cyprus
5497:
5491:
5412:North Macedonia
5233:
5230:
5186:
5181:
5117:
5112:
5104:
5100:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5076:
5072:
5064:
5060:
5052:
5048:
5040:
5036:
5024:
5020:
5011:
5010:
5006:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4983:
4982:
4978:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4944:
4940:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4854:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4808:
4804:
4796:
4792:
4784:
4780:
4770:
4768:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4744:
4742:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4718:
4716:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4692:
4690:
4687:El Confidencial
4681:
4680:
4676:
4666:
4664:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4636:
4634:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4498:
4496:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4470:
4468:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4441:
4437:
4427:
4425:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4403:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4351:
4347:
4337:
4335:
4324:
4320:
4312:
4308:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4287:. London, 2000.
4278:
4274:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4229:
4225:
4217:
4213:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4192:
4191:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4159:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4118:
4114:
4109:
4105:
4100:
4087:Francoist Spain
4048:
4019:Title X of the
4013:
3975:
3970:
3969:
3888:
3880:
3879:
3783:
3775:
3774:
3660:Trienio Liberal
3601:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3577:
3567:
3557:
3547:
3537:
3527:
3517:
3507:
3497:
3487:
3477:
3467:
3457:
3448:
3440:
3439:
3175:Flynn (Stephen)
3060:
3052:
3051:
2892:
2884:
2883:
2809:
2801:
2800:
2756:
2748:
2747:
2743:Social equality
2738:Social contract
2728:Self-governance
2683:Democratization
2658:Anti-corruption
2653:Anti-monarchism
2648:
2632:Politics series
2625:
2582:
2556:
2511:social equality
2465:
2452:
2000:14–15 Dec 2011
1979:27–29 Dec 2011
1916:21–28 Dec 2012
1874:28–31 Dec 2013
1563:Wayback Machine
1510:17–19 Jun 2020
1451:Wayback Machine
1419:21–24 Jul 2020
1402:Wayback Machine
1223:16–18 Jun 2021
1202:16–22 Jul 2021
1139:11–15 Oct 2021
1118:23–24 Nov 2021
988:
975:Fieldwork date
943:
873:Francoist Spain
853:
817:
811:death in 1975.
759:Spanish Morocco
737:Republican Left
635:Republican Left
557:(14 April 1931)
535:
527:Reformist Party
521:split from the
454:Frontón Central
403:Cristino Martos
347:pronunciamiento
327:Emilio Castelar
281:Catholic Church
240:
220:elected in 1869
204:
141:
136:
130:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5622:
5612:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5539:
5537:
5536:other entities
5531:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5501:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5487:United Kingdom
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5300:Czech Republic
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5234:
5229:
5228:
5221:
5214:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5193:
5185:
5184:External links
5182:
5180:
5179:
5169:(1): 155–170.
5154:
5130:(28). Madrid:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5098:
5082:
5070:
5058:
5046:
5034:
5018:
5004:
4990:
4976:
4962:
4947:Casals, Xavier
4938:
4924:
4915:"Equo website"
4906:
4892:
4878:
4860:
4836:
4818:
4802:
4790:
4778:
4752:
4726:
4700:
4674:
4644:
4618:
4600:
4586:
4572:
4558:
4540:
4520:
4506:
4478:
4450:
4435:
4409:
4392:
4378:
4364:
4345:
4318:
4306:
4289:
4272:
4258:
4243:(20). Madrid:
4223:
4221:, p. 156.
4211:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4183:, which means
4171:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4157:
4148:
4136:
4112:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3913:Egalitarianism
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:Related topics
3886:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3858:United Kingdom
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3640:Dutch Republic
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3608:
3606:Roman Republic
3602:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3580:
3570:
3560:
3550:
3540:
3530:
3520:
3510:
3500:
3490:
3480:
3470:
3460:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:Wollstonecraft
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2611:
2610:
2599:Prime Minister
2581:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2564:
2561:People's Party
2555:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2495:
2484:Pablo Iglesias
2469:Unidas Podemos
2464:
2463:Pro-republican
2461:
2451:
2448:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2349:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2305:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1799:
1796:
1794:TNS Demoscopia
1791:
1787:
1786:
1777:abdicates and
1770:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1727:9–11 Jun 2015
1724:
1723:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1553:
1552:8–12 Apr 2020
1549:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1489:6–10 Jul 2020
1486:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1468:6–10 Jul 2020
1465:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1441:
1440:9–10 Jul 2020
1437:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1003:
999:
998:
996:
994:
991:
990:
985:
982:
979:
976:
942:
941:Public opinion
939:
935:Catalan crisis
863:with an added
852:
849:
816:
813:
698:general strike
692:, head of the
690:Lluís Companys
605:Basque Country
534:
531:
484:Vicente Blasco
464:. In 1898 the
273:Ten Years' War
153:Peninsular War
140:
137:
132:Main article:
129:
126:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5621:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5548:Faroe Islands
5546:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5520:South Ossetia
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5494:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5372:Liechtenstein
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5236:
5227:
5222:
5220:
5215:
5213:
5208:
5207:
5204:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5120:
5119:
5107:
5102:
5086:
5079:
5074:
5067:
5062:
5055:
5050:
5043:
5038:
5031:
5027:
5022:
5014:
5008:
5001:(in Spanish).
5000:
4994:
4987:(in Spanish).
4986:
4980:
4973:(in Spanish).
4972:
4966:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4948:
4942:
4934:
4928:
4920:
4916:
4910:
4902:
4896:
4889:(in Spanish).
4888:
4882:
4874:
4870:
4864:
4853:
4846:
4840:
4832:
4828:
4822:
4815:
4811:
4806:
4799:
4794:
4787:
4782:
4766:
4762:
4756:
4740:
4736:
4730:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4633:. 3 June 2014
4632:
4628:
4622:
4614:
4610:
4604:
4597:(in Spanish).
4596:
4590:
4583:(in Spanish).
4582:
4576:
4569:(in Spanish).
4568:
4562:
4554:
4550:
4544:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4524:
4517:(in Spanish).
4516:
4510:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4482:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4447:(in Spanish).
4446:
4439:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4406:(in Spanish).
4402:
4396:
4389:(in Spanish).
4388:
4382:
4374:
4368:
4360:
4356:
4349:
4333:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4310:
4303:(in Spanish).
4299:
4293:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4268:
4262:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4215:
4209:, p. 17.
4208:
4203:
4199:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4172:
4161:
4152:
4140:
4133:
4129:
4128:Prince Felipe
4125:
4121:
4116:
4107:
4103:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4062:Republicanism
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4022:
4010:
4005:
4003:
3998:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3973:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3876:
3875:United States
3873:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3750:Metapolitefsi
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3586:
3585:
3584:On Revolution
3581:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3554:Rights of Man
3551:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3464:De re publica
3461:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3270:Jones (Lynne)
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3065:Adams (Gerry)
3063:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Revolutionary
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:Parliamentary
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2663:Civil society
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2639:Republicanism
2637:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2603:Pedro Sánchez
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2492:parliamentary
2489:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2456:
2447:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2402:Prince Felipe
2399:
2395:
2385:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:4–5 Oct 2007
2209:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:2–4 Nov 2010
2083:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:3–5 Jun 2014
1831:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:4–5 Jun 2014
1810:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1783:King of Spain
1780:
1776:
1775:Juan Carlos I
1768:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:2–5 Nov 2018
1621:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1584:IMOP Insights
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:4–5 Aug 2020
1369:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:6–8 Aug 2020
1348:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:SW Demoscopia
1120:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1027:Simple Lógica
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
995:
993:
992:
986:
983:
980:
978:Polling firm
970:
966:
964:
960:
959:Adolfo Suárez
956:
951:
948:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
921:In 2018, the
919:
917:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
866:
862:
857:
848:
846:
842:
839:, during the
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
812:
810:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:Spanish State
780:
776:
775:fascist Italy
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
751:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:Popular Front
712:
711:
709:
704:
699:
695:
691:
685:
682:
678:
674:
665:
661:
659:
655:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
619:
615:
613:
610:
606:
602:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
565:
556:
552:
547:
539:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:
489:
485:
481:
480:
475:
471:
467:
463:
455:
450:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
384:
379:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:
343:
339:
338:a coup d'état
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:Ancien régime
258:
254:
250:
244:
239:
238:
233:
232:
227:
226:
221:
217:
212:
208:
203:
195:
194:
189:
184:
176:
172:
170:
166:
162:
161:Ferdinand VII
158:
154:
150:
146:
145:republicanism
135:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
98:
96:
92:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
63:
61:
57:
53:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5525:Transnistria
5461:
5166:
5162:
5127:
5115:Bibliography
5101:
5085:
5073:
5061:
5049:
5037:
5029:
5021:
5007:
4993:
4979:
4965:
4956:El Periódico
4954:
4941:
4927:
4919:the original
4909:
4895:
4881:
4873:the original
4863:
4852:the original
4839:
4830:
4821:
4813:
4805:
4793:
4781:
4769:. Retrieved
4764:
4755:
4743:. Retrieved
4738:
4729:
4717:. Retrieved
4713:the original
4703:
4691:. Retrieved
4686:
4677:
4665:. Retrieved
4661:the original
4656:
4647:
4635:. Retrieved
4621:
4613:the original
4603:
4589:
4575:
4561:
4552:
4543:
4532:
4523:
4509:
4497:. Retrieved
4490:
4481:
4469:. Retrieved
4462:
4453:
4438:
4426:. Retrieved
4422:the original
4412:
4395:
4381:
4367:
4358:
4348:
4336:. Retrieved
4334:(in Spanish)
4331:
4321:
4309:
4292:
4275:
4261:
4240:
4236:
4226:
4214:
4202:
4184:
4180:
4175:
4160:
4151:
4139:
4119:
4115:
4106:
4018:
3947:
3847:
3582:
3572:
3562:
3552:
3542:
3532:
3522:
3512:
3502:
3492:
3482:
3472:
3462:
3452:
3265:Jones (Elin)
3170:Flynn (Paul)
3130:Clarke (Tom)
3125:Clark (Katy)
3070:Adams (John)
2891:Philosophers
2668:Civic virtue
2630:Part of the
2554:Pro-monarchy
2488:presidential
2436:
2429:
2410:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2372:
2351:
2330:
2307:
2284:
2273:20 Nov 2000
2266:
2252:20 Nov 2005
2242:
2231:28 Sep 2006
2221:
2200:
2179:
2161:
2147:15 Aug 2008
2137:
2116:
2105:31 Oct 2010
2095:
2074:
2063:14 Apr 2011
2053:
2042:20 Jun 2011
2032:
2021:12 Dec 2011
2011:
1990:
1969:
1958:22 Apr 2012
1948:
1937:23 Apr 2012
1927:
1906:
1895:14 Apr 2013
1885:
1864:
1843:
1822:
1801:
1772:
1759:
1748:23 Jun 2014
1738:
1720:
1696:
1685:25 Jul 2018
1672:
1654:
1643:10 Oct 2018
1630:
1612:
1605:SocioMétrica
1591:
1570:
1539:
1521:
1497:
1493:SocioMétrica
1476:
1455:
1430:
1406:
1381:
1374:Sociometrica
1360:
1339:
1328:10 Aug 2020
1318:
1307:16 Aug 2020
1297:
1286:14 Sep 2020
1273:
1255:
1244:14 Apr 2021
1234:
1213:
1192:
1168:
1147:
1129:
1105:
1084:
1066:
1053:
1042:31 Oct 2023
1013:
1006:Sociometrica
987:Indifferent/
967:
954:
952:
944:
920:
913:
870:
833:Nazi Germany
818:
807:
771:Nazi Germany
767:Soviet Union
752:
749:
713:
706:
686:
670:
651:
638:
627:Manuel Azaña
624:
598:
596:was formed.
574:Alfonso XIII
570:dictatorship
563:
560:
525:to form the
522:
510:
494:
487:
478:
465:
461:
459:
453:
442:
438:
437:created the
426:
406:
398:
394:
391:Pimargallian
390:
388:
382:
345:
334:Manuel Pavía
331:
292:
285:
260:
236:
230:
225:progressives
224:
213:
199:
191:
142:
118:conservative
99:
87:
64:
58:should be a
51:
50:
40:
5563:Isle of Man
5498:recognition
5472:Switzerland
5407:Netherlands
4739:Leonoticias
4657:Electomanía
4534:eldiario.es
4332:eldiario.es
4219:Penche 2011
4120:Juancarlism
3898:Common good
3838:New Zealand
3833:Netherlands
3578:(1835–1840)
3548:(1787–1788)
3458:(c. 375 BC)
3380:Robespierre
3155:Etherington
3090:Benn (Tony)
3059:Politicians
3037:Tocqueville
2997:Montesquieu
2977:Machiavelli
2723:Rule of law
2718:Res publica
2597:leader and
2477:United Left
2344:Metroscopia
2323:Metroscopia
2300:Metroscopia
2214:Metroscopia
2189:6 Oct 2007
2168:5 Jan 2008
2130:Metroscopia
2126:6 Dec 2009
2088:Metroscopia
2067:Metroscopia
2004:Metroscopia
1853:2 Jun 2014
1815:Metroscopia
1790:7 Jun 2014
1769:19 Jun 2014
1689:Electomania
1647:Electomania
1556:Electomania
1514:Electomania
1444:Electomania
1395:Electomania
1391:3 Aug 2020
1290:Electomania
1265:5 Oct 2020
1248:Electomania
1185:Electomania
1101:Electomania
1080:Electomania
1063:31 Oct 2023
1002:6 Jan 2024
989:No opinion
984:Monarchist
981:Republican
845:Mexico City
795:Emilio Mola
633:(later the
564:coup d'état
499:Tragic Week
397:—later the
372:Alfonso XII
368:Restoration
295:Federalists
277:aristocracy
241: [
205: [
169:Isabella II
122:nationalist
5588:Categories
5442:San Marino
5402:Montenegro
5382:Luxembourg
5362:Kazakhstan
5265:Azerbaijan
4195:References
3938:Monarchism
3928:Liberalism
3923:Jacobinism
3613:Gaṇasaṅgha
3468:(54–51 BC)
2952:Harrington
2829:Democratic
2819:Capitalist
2814:Autonomous
2796:Venizelism
2781:Khomeinism
2515:solidarity
2494:democracy.
2439:abdication
2406:plebiscite
808:Caudillo's
576:. But the
401:(PDP) and
114:right-wing
100:Under the
67:republican
5553:Gibraltar
5377:Lithuania
5175:0871-164X
5150:1130-0124
5134:: 15–22.
4445:"El País"
4428:1 January
4401:"Público"
4253:0214-400X
4026:the Crown
3793:Australia
3425:Venizelos
3415:Spadolini
3405:Slaughter
3350:McDonnell
3315:Mackenzie
3260:Jefferson
3215:Griffiths
3195:de Gaulle
3190:Garibaldi
3150:Drakeford
3042:Warburton
2962:Jefferson
2957:Honderich
2937:Condorcet
2824:Christian
2786:Nasserism
2761:Classical
2678:Democracy
2580:Ambiguous
2568:far-right
2444:Felipe VI
2340:Nov 1996
2277:Sigma Dos
2256:Sigma Dos
2172:Sigma Dos
2151:Sigma Dos
1983:Sigma Dos
1962:NC Report
1920:Sigma Dos
1899:NC Report
1878:Sigma Dos
1836:Sigma Dos
1779:Felipe VI
1752:NC Report
1731:Sigma Dos
1664:Sep 2018
1535:Sináptica
1423:NC Report
1353:NC Report
1332:Sigma Dos
1227:NC Report
1046:NC Report
1023:Nov 2023
927:Felipe VI
841:Holocaust
555:Barcelona
503:Barcelona
5573:Svalbard
5558:Guernsey
5505:Abkhazia
5457:Slovenia
5452:Slovakia
5427:Portugal
5285:Bulgaria
4814:Newsweek
4719:15 April
4693:15 April
4667:14 April
4631:BBC News
4338:20 April
4046:See also
3863:Scotland
3803:Barbados
3454:Republic
3370:Prescott
3340:Naysmith
3330:McKechin
3290:La Malfa
3285:Khomeini
3245:Iorwerth
3210:Griffith
3185:Gambetta
3180:Galloway
3165:Ferguson
3145:Davidson
3140:Cromwell
3135:Connolly
3115:Campbell
3032:Sunstein
3017:Rousseau
3012:Polybius
2947:Franklin
2927:Chappell
2922:Cattaneo
2859:People's
2844:Imperial
2776:Kemalism
2713:Republic
2647:Concepts
2616:Citizens
2527:Más País
2398:El Mundo
2394:El Mundo
2046:Invymark
2025:Invymark
1941:Invymark
1857:Invymark
1781:becomes
1559:Archived
1472:Invymark
1447:Archived
1398:Archived
1143:Invymark
931:his role
865:red star
517:. Later
429:(PRDF),
279:and the
271:via the
257:Carlists
249:Amadeo I
231:liberals
157:Napoleon
60:republic
5482:Ukraine
5432:Romania
5392:Moldova
5350:Ireland
5345:Iceland
5340:Hungary
5330:Germany
5325:Georgia
5315:Finland
5310:Estonia
5305:Denmark
5290:Croatia
5275:Belgium
5270:Belarus
5260:Austria
5255:Armenia
5250:Andorra
5245:Albania
4831:RTVE.es
4771:21 June
4765:ELMUNDO
4745:21 June
4553:El País
4499:2 April
4471:2 April
4247:: 165.
3828:Morocco
3818:Jamaica
3813:Ireland
3798:Bahamas
3600:History
3420:Taverne
3395:Skinner
3375:Ritchie
3320:Madison
3300:Lincoln
3250:Jackson
3240:Huppert
3235:Hopkins
3160:Fabiani
3120:Chapman
3105:Bolívar
3095:Bennett
3085:Bartley
3075:Atatürk
2987:Mazzini
2982:Madison
2912:Bentham
2902:Baggini
2869:Secular
2849:Islamic
2834:Federal
2771:Federal
2755:Schools
2503:mission
2473:Podemos
2432:scandal
2427:in the
2411:Público
1668:Podemos
933:in the
909:UDC-CCC
799:regency
614:party.
492:Catalan
423:Sagasta
383:pactist
352:Sagunto
303:unitary
299:federal
263:) had
128:History
110:liberal
83:federal
79:unitary
5568:Jersey
5510:Kosovo
5477:Turkey
5467:Sweden
5447:Serbia
5437:Russia
5422:Poland
5417:Norway
5397:Monaco
5367:Latvia
5335:Greece
5320:France
5295:Cyprus
5173:
5148:
4637:3 June
4464:dw.com
4283:
4251:
3853:Sweden
3843:Norway
3808:Canada
3588:(1963)
3568:(1794)
3558:(1791)
3538:(1762)
3528:(1755)
3518:(1748)
3508:(1698)
3498:(1656)
3488:(1649)
3478:(1531)
3430:Wilson
3400:Slater
3390:Skates
3345:Mannin
3335:Mullin
3310:Mackay
3275:Juárez
3230:Hébert
3225:Hatton
3220:Harvie
3110:Burgon
3027:Sidney
3022:Sandel
3007:Pettit
2932:Cicero
2897:Arendt
2879:Soviet
2874:Sister
2766:Modern
2575:Crown.
2570:party
2421:Gallup
2377:37.2%
2369:15.9%
2289:41.1%
2281:15.9%
2263:38.0%
2260:23.5%
2205:24.6%
2197:24.8%
2184:39.9%
2176:12.8%
2158:22.7%
2155:16.2%
2058:21.1%
2050:36.8%
2029:37.0%
1974:15.9%
1966:35.5%
1924:41.0%
1882:43.3%
1869:10.6%
1861:36.3%
1840:35.6%
1798:35.5%
1764:14.0%
1756:28.3%
1735:33.7%
1693:47.4%
1680:27.2%
1677:26.8%
1651:45.6%
1626:YouGov
1617:15.0%
1609:41.9%
1588:46.1%
1567:47.0%
1547:13.8%
1544:34.6%
1518:47.6%
1502:48.9%
1484:29.3%
1481:31.2%
1460:44.4%
1435:10.2%
1427:31.5%
1411:39.4%
1378:40.8%
1357:38.5%
1344:13.2%
1336:38.5%
1323:10.1%
1315:33.5%
1294:47.6%
1281:24.2%
1278:34.9%
1252:46.8%
1231:38.9%
1210:36.9%
1189:48.0%
1176:29.6%
1173:31.0%
1152:44.3%
1126:43.8%
1110:44.3%
1089:44.7%
1050:31.4%
1037:11.8%
1034:43.5%
1031:44.7%
1010:32.8%
739:, the
188:Vierge
34:, see
5543:Åland
5462:Spain
5387:Malta
5357:Italy
4855:(PDF)
4848:(PDF)
4404:(PDF)
4301:(PDF)
4098:Notes
3868:Wales
3848:Spain
3823:Japan
3410:Smith
3385:Sayed
3365:Pound
3360:Nehru
3355:Nandy
3325:Magid
3305:Lucas
3295:Lewis
3205:Grévy
3200:Greer
3100:Black
3080:Azaña
3002:Paine
2972:Locke
2942:Crick
2917:Bodin
2907:Bello
2808:Types
2543:Junts
2373:46.9%
2365:Opina
2285:43.0%
2267:38.5%
2235:Opina
2201:50.6%
2193:GESOP
2180:43.1%
2162:57.9%
2054:42.1%
2037:3.7%
2033:59.3%
1970:48.5%
1953:8.1%
1949:57.9%
1945:34.0
1932:5.2%
1928:53.8%
1907:63.5%
1890:6.8%
1886:49.9%
1865:53.1%
1848:8.6%
1844:55.7%
1806:4.5%
1802:60.0%
1773:King
1760:57.6%
1743:4.8%
1739:61.5%
1710:Ipsos
1701:2.7%
1697:49.9%
1673:46.0%
1659:6.3%
1655:48.1%
1613:43.1%
1596:3.1%
1592:50.8%
1575:5.4%
1571:47.5%
1540:51.6%
1526:4.0%
1522:48.4%
1505:1.8%
1498:49.3%
1477:39.0%
1463:2.6%
1456:53.1%
1431:58.3%
1414:5.1%
1407:55.5%
1386:4.3%
1382:54.9%
1365:6.7%
1361:54.8%
1340:48.4%
1319:56.3%
1302:4.3%
1274:40.9%
1260:3.9%
1256:49.4%
1239:7.4%
1235:53.7%
1218:7.8%
1214:55.3%
1197:2.1%
1193:49.9%
1169:39.4%
1155:9.9%
1148:45.8%
1130:56.2%
1106:51.7%
1092:2.2%
1085:53.1%
1058:2.9%
1054:65.7%
1018:8.6%
1014:58.6%
825:Paris
629:, of
501:" in
253:Savoy
245:]
209:]
75:State
56:Spain
5171:ISSN
5146:ISSN
4773:2020
4747:2020
4721:2020
4695:2020
4669:2020
4639:2014
4501:2019
4473:2019
4430:2014
4340:2020
4281:ISBN
4249:ISSN
3435:Wood
3280:Kane
2992:Mill
2967:Kant
2585:The
2566:The
2545:and
2533:Equo
2430:Nóos
2356:21%
2348:13%
2335:20%
2327:15%
2318:1997
2312:17%
2304:11%
2295:1998
2247:10%
2239:25%
2218:22%
2134:25%
2121:17%
2113:26%
2109:ASEP
2092:35%
2079:10%
2071:39%
2016:14%
2008:37%
1987:33%
1827:15%
1819:36%
1717:24%
1714:37%
1638:17%
1635:35%
1311:GAD3
1269:40dB
1206:GAD3
1164:40dB
929:for
907:and
905:PDPC
893:PSOE
773:and
743:and
733:POUM
731:and
723:and
721:PSOE
482:and
433:and
405:the
336:led
325:and
269:Cuba
234:and
214:The
120:and
5136:doi
3255:Jay
2572:Vox
2547:CUP
2352:66%
2331:65%
2308:72%
2243:65%
2226:9%
2222:69%
2142:9%
2138:66%
2117:57%
2100:8%
2096:57%
2075:48%
2012:49%
1995:7%
1991:60%
1823:49%
1721:40%
1631:48%
1298:48%
1113:4%
897:PCE
889:UCD
831:by
729:PCE
725:UGT
675:'s
486:'s
476:'s
421:of
251:of
190:in
81:or
5590::
5165:.
5161:.
5144:.
5126:.
4953:.
4829:.
4812:.
4763:.
4737:.
4685:.
4655:.
4629:.
4551:.
4531:.
4489:.
4461:.
4357:.
4330:.
4241:20
4239:.
4235:.
2601:,
2541:,
2513:,
2475:,
1911:?
1903:?
1134:–
903:,
901:AP
899:,
895:,
891:,
819:A
793:.
660:.
649:.
553:,
529:.
329:.
321:,
317:,
290:.
243:es
228:,
211:.
207:es
116:,
112:,
85:.
77::
62:.
5225:e
5218:t
5211:v
5177:.
5167:1
5152:.
5138::
5032:"
5015:.
4959:.
4775:.
4749:.
4723:.
4697:.
4671:.
4641:.
4503:.
4475:.
4432:.
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4342:.
4255:.
4187:.
4008:e
4001:t
3994:v
710:.
196:.
38:.
20:)
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