421:(TRIPS), investigations must conclude within six months, with the possibility of a three-month extension. Reasons for extension include "substantial progress in drafting or implementing legislative or administrative measures that will provide adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights" by the "priority foreign country". If the USTR believes that a trade agreement is being breached the USTR must conclude the investigation within 18 months, or within 30 days after the "dispute settlement procedure" has finished. If the USTR concludes that a trade agreement is being breached, "retaliation actions" may be taken under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974.
396:"those foreign countries - (A) that have the most onerous or egregious acts, policies, or practices that (i) deny adequate and effective intellectual property rights, or (ii) deny fair and equitable market access to United States persons that rely upon intellectual property protection, (B) whose acts, policies, or practices described in subparagraph (A) have the greatest adverse impact (actual or potential) on the relevant United States products, and (C) that are not (i) entering into good faith negotiations, or (ii) making significant progress in bilateral or multilateral negotiations to provide adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights".
305:
22:
232:. Complaints do not need to reference specific international agreements or provisions that are being breached. Complaints will focus on a country's failure to protect the intellectual property rights of a US company or lack of intellectual property rights relates market access. Complaints are expected to include a description of the efforts the company has made to enforce its intellectual property rights in that country and provide estimates of economic losses resulting from the infringement of intellectual property rights in that country.
438:. "Priority Watch List" and "Watch List" countries are identified by the annual Special 301 Report. "Priority Watchlist countries" are judged by the USTR as having "serious intellectual property rights deficiencies" that require increased USTR attention. "Watch List" countries have been identified by the USTR as having "serious intellectual property rights deficiencies" but are not yet placed on the "Priority Watchlist". The USTR can move countries from one list to the other, or remove them from the lists, throughout the year.
3651:
388:"identify (1) those foreign countries that (A) deny adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights, or (B) deny fair and equitable markets access to United States persons that rely upon intellectual property protection, and (2) those foreign countries identified under paragraph (1) that are determined by the Trade Representative to be priority foreign countries".
224:, but must be about instances where a country has violated an international agreement with the United States. Complaints can be made in relation to the intellectual property law of the country, judicial or administrative procedures that discriminate against the US company, and failure to enforce intellectual property laws, particularly in relation to trade in
3440:(TRIPS). WTO dispute settlement proceedings are initiated when the country's noncompliance with TRIPS is judged to be too narrow to make the country a "priority foreign country". The countries against which the USTR intends to pursue dispute settlement proceedings are announced every April in the Special 301 Report.
417:
start investigations within 30 days of a country being identified as "priority foreign country", unless the USTR concludes that such an investigation "would be detrimental to United States economic interests". Unless the "priority foreign country" is regarded as being in breach of a trade agreement, including the
404:
furthermore states that countries may be identified under
Special 301 "taking into account the history of intellectual property laws and practices of the foreign country, including any previous identifications" and "the history of efforts of the United States, and the response of the foreign country,
416:
The USTR acts on the information available at the time and can identify new "priority foreign countries" on an annual basis. The
Special 301 Sub-Committee conducts additional reviews throughout the year for countries that "merit additional monitoring". The Trade Act of 1974 requires that the USTR to
372:
citing the massive amounts of unlicensed CDs sold in Europe that originate in the
Ukraine. In 2011 and 2012, no countries were classified as a Priority Foreign Country; however, Paraguay was made subject to Section 306 Monitoring. In 2013, Ukraine was redesignated as a Priority Foreign Country. In
3468:
owners, most often large corporations, against any foreign national policy or unofficial action that does not conform to the United States' position on international copyright and IP. Threat of action under
Special 301 has been used to insert U.S. trade lobby backed advisers into states' domestic
126:
By statute, the annual
Special 301 Report includes a list of "Priority Foreign Countries", that are judged to have inadequate intellectual property laws; these countries may be subject to sanctions. In addition, the report contains a "Priority Watch List" and a "Watch List", containing countries
204:, can submit complaints (i.e., a petition alleging that a country has violated an international agreement with the United States that adversely affects the company or industry) to the Trade Compliance Centre, which provides a template for such complaints, or the country or industry desk at the
87:, in other countries. By April 30 of each year, the USTR must identify countries which do not provide "adequate and effective" protection of intellectual property rights or "fair and equitable market access to United States persons that rely upon intellectual property rights".
429:
Two non-statutory categories have been created in addition to the statutory category of "priority foreign country", which once identified as such needs to be investigated and if found in breach with a trade agreement is subject to possible "retaliation actions" under
3397:(WTO) or any other trade agreement establishing dispute settlement provisions, such as free trade agreements, which are relevant to the alleged violation. Unilateral trade sanctions under section 301 were imposed on December 20, 2001, on
3401:, which was not yet a WTO member, by imposing a prohibitive tariff on metals, footwear, and other imports because the USTR concluded that the country had failed to enact legislation to enforce copyright in relation to music
176:, and other agencies. U.S. companies provide extensive comments in the annual National Trade Estimate Report. The Special 301 Sub-Committee also takes the views of foreign governments and the views of U.S. embassies on
3521:. Intellectual property is not violated, as this affects all manufacturers equally; nevertheless, this retaliatory measure has had a negative impact on investment decisions unrelated to the pharmaceutical industry.
144:(TPSC) advises the United States Trade Representative on which countries to designate as "priority foreign countries" or to include in the watchlists. The Special 301 Sub-Committee is chaired by the
3437:
418:
410:
3477:
had no intellectual property law, but they wrote one (with our help). Similarly the
Dominican Republic. I sat down with their lawyer and together we wrote their copyright law."
141:
370:
3846:
4327:
3469:
legislative process in order to ensure compliance with U.S. trade norms. One of the most direct examples comes from a former U.S. trade lobbyist, speaking in 1993:
3464:'s School of Law, has called the Special 301 Report "a public law devoted to the service of private corporate interests". It protects and acts in favor of U.S.
3420:(IIPA) the Special 301 Report and the Watchlists is used to pressure other nations to adopt stricter copyright laws and take a more active role in combating
3506:
244:
4322:
3363:
In response to countries being included on the
Special 301 Report Watchlists the U.S. government may initiate dispute settlement proceedings at the
145:
64:
120:
4039:
4159:
3556:
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447:
248:
413:(TRIPS) does not preclude a country from being identified as denying "adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights".
3918:
3410:
405:
to achieve adequate and effective protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights". It also states that compliance with the
161:
373:
2014, the US was in talks with the WTO to designate India as a "Priority
Foreign Country" especially for the pharmaceutical sector.
3571:
165:
3652:"19 U.S.C. 2242 - Identification of countries that deny adequate protection, or market access, for intellectual property rights"
4208:
3630:
3595:
4342:
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3383:
431:
377:
149:
91:
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112:
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3513:. For example, Finland was blacklisted in retaliation to unanimously adopted legislation requiring the tax-funded
3963:
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217:
153:
267:
for inclusion in the
Special 301 Watchlist in early 2010 because they either mandated or suggested the use of
4352:
288:
349:
255:, the IIPA, which represents the U.S. media industry, urged the U.S. government to consider countries like
221:
177:
3894:
3870:
4063:
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401:
4275:
4087:
4153:"Copyright Industries Urge Greater Global Protection of American Jobs and Exports Threatened by Piracy"
99:
213:
209:
3669:
3433:
3432:
The USTR has used the
Special 301 Reports to initiate formal dispute settlement proceedings at the
3394:
3364:
406:
3421:
252:
3536:
229:
157:
3465:
189:
72:
3137:
8:
3966:. Office of the United States Trade Representative. April 2011. p. 2. Archived from
3485:(EFF), concerns about foreign IP policies that are overly restrictive, such as a lack of
2951:
451:
169:
352:(IPR) or "fair and equitable market access" to U.S. persons relying upon IPR protection"
1343:
304:
21:
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435:
381:
95:
108:
116:
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If an USTR investigation concludes that a country has violated a trade agreement
3514:
1490:
1305:
68:
4316:
4307:
3518:
3453:
3372:
3039:
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212:. The ITA then reviews trade-related complaints with co-operation from the
3517:
to reimburse the cost of medications only up to the price of the cheapest
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268:
225:
4283:
4295:
3967:
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3387:
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1992:
1218:
640:
220:. The complaint cannot be in relation to disputes between companies on
201:
84:
4269:
The Office of the United States Trade Representative Official website
3259:
2116:
1755:
1616:
591:
355:
256:
193:
76:
4209:"U.S. IP Policy Spins Out of Control in the 2018 Special 301 Report"
348:"foreign countries that deny "adequate and effective" protection of
3486:
3371:(NAFTA). The U.S. government can also eliminate tariff preferences
2902:
2659:
2337:
2288:
2155:
1169:
980:
715:
3587:
International trademarks and copyright: enforcement and management
3438:
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
419:
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
411:
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
3474:
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in some countries, are not included in Special 301 reports.
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127:
whose intellectual property regimes are deemed of concern.
3618:
3402:
4268:
3436:(WTO) if it believes a country does not comply with the
4007:
3982:
3367:(WTO) or other relevant trade agreement, including the
3754:
When using open source makes you an enemy of the state
123:. The Special 301 Report was first published in 1989.
3427:
3622:
Intellectual Property Rights and International Trade
3507:
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
245:
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
3756:, Bobbie Johnson, guardian.co.uk, 23 February 2010.
71:to United States companies and products due to the
3405:and their export. Section 301 was also invoked by
100:
392:The Act defines "priority foreign countries" as:
4328:Office of the United States Trade Representative
4314:
4290:. American University Washington College of Law.
146:Office of the United States Trade Representative
90:The Special 301 Report is published pursuant to
65:Office of the United States Trade Representative
183:
4230:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 126–129
3808:
3806:
3804:
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3743:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 126–129
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121:Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988
3557:United States International Trade Commission
3511:International Intellectual Property Alliance
3418:International Intellectual Property Alliance
448:International Intellectual Property Alliance
425:Priority Watch List and Watch List Countries
251:(IIPA). According to Andres Guadamuz of the
249:International Intellectual Property Alliance
135:
3797:
3785:
3619:Shayerah, Ilias; Fergusson, Ian F. (2008).
299:
4284:"What is Special 301? A Historical Primer"
3723:
3709:
3687:
441:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3583:
4323:1989 establishments in the United States
4244:(in Finnish). Kauppalehti. June 15, 2010
3505:between 1996 and 2000 were requested by
384:the USTR must by April 30 of each year:
303:
243:between 1996 and 2000 were requested by
20:
4296:"The US Special 301 Reports, 1989-2010"
4242:"Hätähuuto: Suomi luisuu takapajulaksi"
4206:
3767:"The US Special 301 Reports, 1989-2010"
162:Department of Health and Human Services
4315:
3639:
3411:2018 China–United States trade dispute
3393:if the country is not a member of the
491:: Indicates a change in categorisation
4281:
3386:allows the U.S. government to impose
346:is the worst classification given to
140:The Special 301 Sub-Committee of the
4225:
3738:
3481:On the other hand, according to the
119:) as amended by Section 1303 of the
3572:South Korea–United States relations
3531:Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement
3369:North American Free Trade Agreement
148:(USTR) and its members include the
13:
4302:. Knowledge Ecology International.
3547:International Trade Administration
3428:WTO dispute settlement proceedings
363:United States Trade Representative
274:
206:International Trade Administration
105:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
16:Annual US report on trade barriers
14:
4364:
4260:
3773:. Knowledge Ecology International
3542:Generalized System of Preferences
3458:Centre for Commercial Law Studies
3448:
3377:Generalized System of Preferences
4304:(alongside supporting documents)
3562:United States Commercial Service
3492:
218:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
4234:
4219:
4207:Malcolm, Jeremy (May 1, 2018).
4200:
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3625:. Nova Publishers. p. 43.
3577:
3497:Most countries included in the
3462:Queen Mary University of London
3409:in March 2018, setting off the
3358:
294:
235:Most countries included in the
4213:Electronic Frontier Foundation
3759:
3732:
3662:
3612:
3483:Electronic Frontier Foundation
369:as a Priority Foreign Country
313: Priority Foreign Country
291:made submissions to the USTR.
130:
30: Priority Foreign Country
1:
3605:
3567:China–United States trade war
4308:Section 301 of the Trade Act
3590:. American Bar Association.
3515:Social Insurance Institution
3443:
350:intellectual property rights
331: Section 306 Monitoring
222:intellectual property rights
184:Complaints by U.S. companies
178:intellectual property rights
174:Council of Economic Advisers
142:Trade Policy Staff Committee
63:is prepared annually by the
48: Section 306 Monitoring
7:
4343:United States copyright law
4282:Flynn, Sean (May 1, 2013).
4278:published on April 30, 2016
3584:Masterson, John T. (2004).
3524:
402:Uruguay Round Agreement Act
210:U.S. Department of Commerce
154:Patent and Trademark Office
10:
4369:
4338:United States trade policy
4197:, The New Press, 2002, p87
4184:, The New Press, 2002, p89
461:: Priority Foreign Country
4348:Intellectual property law
4228:Private Power, Public Law
4136:"2018 Special 301 Report"
4112:"2017 Special 301 Report"
4088:"2016 Special 301 Report"
4064:"2015 Special 301 Report"
4040:"2014 Special 301 Report"
4015:"2013 Special 301 Report"
3990:"2012 Special 301 Report"
3964:"2011 Special 301 Report"
3943:"2010 Special 301 Report"
3919:"2009 Special 301 Report"
3895:"2008 SPECIAL 301 REPORT"
3871:"2007 SPECIAL 301 REPORT"
3847:"2006 SPECIAL 301 REPORT"
3823:"2005 SPECIAL 301 REPORT"
3741:Private Power, Public Law
3670:"1989 Special 301 Report"
3456:, a law professor at the
319: Priority Watch List
308:Special 301 Report 2013
228:goods, and lately online
214:Office of General Counsel
166:Department of Agriculture
136:Special 301 Sub-Committee
36: Priority Watch List
4276:Special 301 Report, 2016
3434:World Trade Organization
3395:World Trade Organization
3365:World Trade Organization
479:: Section 306 Monitoring
407:World Trade Organization
344:Priority Foreign Country
300:Priority Foreign Country
25:Special 301 Report 2013
4333:United States trade law
4226:Sell, Susan K. (2003),
3812:Masterson (2004), p. 19
3794:Masterson (2004), p. 18
3739:Sell, Susan K. (2003),
3729:Masterson (2004), p. 22
3720:Masterson (2004), p. 21
3706:Masterson (2004), p. 20
442:Historical designations
253:University of Edinburgh
67:(USTR) that identifies
3537:Doha Development Round
3479:
3422:copyright infringement
398:
390:
361:On 13 March 2001, the
339:
279:In 2010, NGOs such as
230:copyright infringement
150:Department of Commerce
56:
4195:Information Feudalism
4182:Information Feudalism
3471:
3466:intellectual property
3375:granted, such as the
467:: Priority Watch List
452:statistics since 1989
394:
386:
307:
190:intellectual property
73:intellectual property
24:
4353:Monopoly (economics)
3675:. USTR. May 25, 1989
3138:United Arab Emirates
337: Status Pending
54: Status Pending
4162:. February 18, 2010
3970:on October 17, 2011
3499:Priority Watch List
2952:Trinidad and Tobago
237:Priority Watch List
188:U.S. companies and
158:Department of State
3995:. USTR. April 2013
1344:Dominican Republic
376:Under the amended
340:
192:owners, including
61:Special 301 Report
57:
3632:978-1-60456-562-1
3597:978-1-59031-359-6
3552:Notorious markets
3416:According to the
3356:
3355:
436:Trade Act of 1974
382:Trade Act of 1974
96:Trade Act of 1974
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4020:. USTR. May 2013
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495:
494:
485:: Status Pending
336:
330:
325: Watch List
324:
318:
312:
170:Copyright Office
106:
102:
53:
47:
42: Watch List
41:
35:
29:
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4288:infojustice.org
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3407:President Trump
3391:trade sanctions
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427:
338:
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332:
328:
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275:NGO submissions
247:(PhRMA) or the
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4261:External links
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4193:Peter Drahos,
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4180:Peter Drahos,
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3449:Lobbying power
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1491:European Union
1487:
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1477:
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1471:
1468:
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1306:Czech Republic
1302:
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1199:
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1038:
1035:
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1019:
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1008:
1005:
1002:
1000:
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989:
986:
983:
977:
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968:
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927:
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921:
918:
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909:
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875:
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869:
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832:
830:
828:
826:
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822:
820:
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815:
812:
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734:
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724:
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712:
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621:
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612:
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594:
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584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
552:
550:
548:
542:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
493:
492:
486:
480:
474:
468:
462:
443:
440:
426:
423:
333:
327:
321:
315:
309:
301:
298:
296:
293:
276:
273:
185:
182:
137:
134:
132:
129:
113:19 U.S.C.
75:laws, such as
69:trade barriers
50:
44:
38:
32:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4365:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4309:
4306:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4265:
4264:
4243:
4237:
4229:
4222:
4214:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4190:
4183:
4177:
4161:
4154:
4148:
4137:
4131:
4113:
4107:
4089:
4083:
4065:
4059:
4041:
4035:
4016:
4010:
3991:
3985:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3944:
3938:
3920:
3914:
3896:
3890:
3872:
3866:
3848:
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3824:
3818:
3809:
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3801:
3791:
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3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3493:Trade warring
3490:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
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2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
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2918:
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2912:
2909:
2906:
2904:
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2900:
2896:
2894:
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2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
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2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
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2856:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
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2835:
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2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
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2813:
2812:
2808:
2805:
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2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2771:
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2767:
2765:
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2758:
2755:
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2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
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2734:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
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2671:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2649:
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2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
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2331:
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2322:
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2307:
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2301:
2298:
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2257:
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2208:
2205:
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2200:
2197:
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2171:
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2110:
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2046:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2022:
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4246:. Retrieved
4236:
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4189:
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4176:
4164:. Retrieved
4147:
4130:
4118:. Retrieved
4106:
4094:. Retrieved
4082:
4070:. Retrieved
4058:
4048:December 13,
4046:. Retrieved
4034:
4022:. Retrieved
4009:
3997:. Retrieved
3984:
3972:. Retrieved
3968:the original
3958:
3948:December 13,
3946:. Retrieved
3937:
3927:December 13,
3925:. Retrieved
3913:
3903:December 13,
3901:. Retrieved
3889:
3879:December 13,
3877:. Retrieved
3865:
3855:December 13,
3853:. Retrieved
3841:
3829:. Retrieved
3817:
3775:. Retrieved
3770:
3761:
3749:
3740:
3734:
3725:
3677:. Retrieved
3664:
3655:
3621:
3614:
3586:
3578:Bibliography
3502:
3498:
3496:
3480:
3472:
3454:Peter Drahos
3452:
3431:
3415:
3381:
3373:unilaterally
3362:
3359:Consequences
3040:Turkmenistan
2618:Saudi Arabia
488:
482:
476:
473:: Watch list
470:
464:
458:
450:keeps these
445:
428:
415:
399:
395:
391:
387:
375:
360:
347:
343:
341:
295:Designations
278:
240:
236:
234:
187:
139:
125:
89:
60:
58:
18:
3384:Section 301
2777:Switzerland
2697:South Korea
2434:Philippines
2363:Monitoring
2360:Monitoring
2357:Monitoring
2354:Monitoring
2351:Monitoring
2348:Monitoring
2345:Monitoring
2342:Monitoring
432:Section 301
378:Section 301
365:designated
269:open-source
226:counterfeit
131:Preparation
117:§ 2242
92:Section 301
4317:Categories
3974:August 29,
3606:References
3503:Watch List
3388:unilateral
3211:Uzbekistan
2855:Tajikistan
1993:Kazakhstan
1219:Costa Rica
641:Azerbaijan
477:Monitoring
354:under the
271:software.
241:Watch List
202:trademarks
194:copyrights
85:trademarks
4096:April 12,
4072:April 13,
3831:April 29,
3444:Criticism
3260:Venezuela
2117:Lithuania
1824:*Pending
1756:Indonesia
1617:Guatemala
592:Argentina
356:Trade Act
257:Indonesia
77:copyright
4248:April 8,
4166:April 8,
4120:April 1,
3999:April 8,
3777:April 8,
3679:April 8,
3525:See also
3487:fair use
2903:Thailand
2660:Slovakia
2338:Paraguay
2289:Pakistan
2156:Malaysia
1170:Colombia
981:Bulgaria
716:Barbados
498:Country
216:and the
4024:May 25,
3656:gpo.gov
3519:generic
3475:Jamaica
3399:Ukraine
3379:(GSP).
3309:Vietnam
3174:Uruguay
3089:Ukraine
2520:Romania
2068:Lebanon
1895:Jamaica
1666:Hungary
1529:Finland
1393:Ecuador
1268:Croatia
843:Bolivia
757:Belarus
678:Bahamas
546:Algeria
483:Pending
434:of the
380:of the
367:Ukraine
198:patents
101:Pub. L.
94:of the
81:patents
3629:
3594:
3533:(ACTA)
2991:Turkey
2815:Taiwan
2569:Russia
2479:Poland
2248:Norway
2199:Mexico
2030:Latvia
1944:Kuwait
1805:Israel
1571:Greece
1024:Canada
941:Brunei
892:Brazil
804:Belize
335:
329:
323:
317:
311:
287:, and
263:, and
261:Brazil
172:, the
168:, the
164:, the
160:, the
156:, the
152:, the
115:
109:93–618
107:
52:
46:
40:
34:
28:
4156:(PDF)
4139:(PDF)
4115:(PDF)
4091:(PDF)
4067:(PDF)
4043:(PDF)
4018:(PDF)
3993:(PDF)
3922:(PDF)
3898:(PDF)
3874:(PDF)
3850:(PDF)
3826:(PDF)
3673:(PDF)
3123:*PWL
3117:*PFC
3114:*PWL
3096:*PWL
2913:*PWL
2737:Spain
2302:*PWL
1978:*PWL
1850:Italy
1827:*PWL
1772:*PWL
1707:India
1442:Egypt
1427:*PWL
1128:*PWL
1122:China
1083:*PWL
1073:Chile
1040:*PWL
811:*PWL
559:*PWL
540:2018
537:2017
534:2016
531:2015
528:2014
525:2013
522:2012
519:2011
516:2010
513:2009
510:2008
507:2007
504:2006
501:2005
285:Oxfam
281:PhRMA
265:India
4300:USTR
4250:2013
4168:2013
4160:IIPA
4122:2017
4098:2016
4074:2015
4050:2014
4026:2013
4001:2013
3976:2011
3950:2014
3929:2014
3905:2014
3881:2014
3857:2014
3833:2005
3779:2013
3771:USTR
3681:2013
3627:ISBN
3592:ISBN
3501:and
3303:PWL
3300:PWL
3297:PWL
3294:PWL
3291:PWL
3288:PWL
3285:PWL
3282:PWL
3279:PWL
3276:PWL
3273:PWL
3270:PWL
3267:PWL
3264:PWL
3132:PWL
3129:PWL
3126:PWL
3120:PFC
3102:*WL
3099:PWL
3093:PFC
3004:*WL
3001:PWL
2998:PWL
2995:PWL
2972:*WL
2943:PWL
2940:PWL
2937:PWL
2934:PWL
2931:PWL
2928:PWL
2925:PWL
2922:PWL
2919:PWL
2916:PWL
2803:*WL
2747:*WL
2612:PWL
2609:PWL
2606:PWL
2603:PWL
2600:PWL
2597:PWL
2594:PWL
2591:PWL
2588:PWL
2585:PWL
2582:PWL
2579:PWL
2576:PWL
2573:PWL
2441:*WL
2438:PWL
2385:Peru
2366:*WL
2326:*WL
2323:PWL
2320:PWL
2317:PWL
2314:PWL
2311:PWL
2308:PWL
2305:PWL
2296:*WL
2293:PWL
2081:*WL
2078:PWL
2075:PWL
2072:PWL
1987:PWL
1984:PWL
1981:PWL
1951:*WL
1948:PWL
1833:*WL
1830:PWL
1821:PWL
1818:PWL
1815:PWL
1812:PWL
1809:PWL
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1778:PWL
1775:PWL
1766:*WL
1763:PWL
1760:PWL
1750:PWL
1747:PWL
1744:PWL
1741:PWL
1738:PWL
1735:PWL
1732:PWL
1729:PWL
1726:PWL
1723:PWL
1720:PWL
1717:PWL
1714:PWL
1711:PWL
1581:*WL
1541:*WL
1455:*WL
1452:PWL
1449:PWL
1446:PWL
1430:*WL
1316:*WL
1213:PWL
1164:PWL
1161:PWL
1158:PWL
1155:PWL
1152:PWL
1149:PWL
1146:PWL
1143:PWL
1140:PWL
1137:PWL
1134:PWL
1131:PWL
1116:PWL
1113:PWL
1110:PWL
1107:PWL
1104:PWL
1101:PWL
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1095:PWL
1092:PWL
1089:PWL
1086:PWL
1067:PWL
1052:*WL
1049:PWL
1046:PWL
1043:PWL
1004:*WL
953:*WL
902:*WL
899:PWL
896:PWL
814:*WL
791:*WL
736:*WL
635:PWL
632:PWL
629:PWL
626:PWL
623:PWL
620:PWL
617:PWL
614:PWL
611:PWL
608:PWL
605:PWL
602:PWL
599:PWL
596:PWL
586:PWL
583:PWL
580:PWL
577:PWL
574:PWL
571:PWL
568:PWL
565:PWL
562:PWL
556:*WL
446:The
400:The
239:and
200:and
83:and
59:The
3509:or
3460:at
3403:CDs
3352:WL
3349:WL
3346:WL
3343:WL
3340:WL
3337:WL
3334:WL
3331:WL
3328:WL
3325:WL
3322:WL
3319:WL
3316:WL
3313:WL
3254:WL
3251:WL
3248:WL
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3178:WL
3168:WL
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3083:WL
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2664:WL
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2634:WL
2631:WL
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2539:WL
2536:WL
2533:WL
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2527:WL
2524:WL
2495:WL
2492:WL
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2486:WL
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2462:WL
2459:WL
2456:WL
2453:WL
2450:WL
2447:WL
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2428:WL
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2422:WL
2419:WL
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2407:WL
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2369:WL
2332:WL
2329:WL
2299:WL
2270:WL
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2264:WL
2261:WL
2258:WL
2242:WL
2239:WL
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2233:WL
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2227:WL
2224:WL
2221:WL
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2209:WL
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2203:WL
2178:WL
2175:WL
2172:WL
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2160:WL
2127:WL
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2037:WL
2034:WL
1997:WL
1975:WL
1972:WL
1969:WL
1966:WL
1963:WL
1960:WL
1957:WL
1954:WL
1938:WL
1935:WL
1932:WL
1929:WL
1926:WL
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1920:WL
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1911:WL
1908:WL
1905:WL
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1899:WL
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