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Brill–Noether theory

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should contain a dense subset parameterizing those curves with the minimum in the way of special divisors. One goal of the theory is to 'count constants', for those curves: to predict the dimension of the space of special divisors (up to
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that determine more compatible functions than would be predicted. In classical language, special divisors move on the curve in a "larger than expected"
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Arbarello, Enrico; Cornalba, Maurizio; Griffiths, Philip A.; Harris, Joe (1985). "The Basic Results of the Brill-Noether Theory".
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Griffiths, Phillip; Harris, Joseph (1980). "On the variety of special linear systems on a general algebraic curve".
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Larson, Eric; Vogt, Isabel (2022-05-05). "Interpolation for Brill--Noether curves".
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is smooth. By the connectedness result this implies it is irreducible if
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cohomology or space of holomorphic sections is larger than expected.
1444: 1398: 383:. The formula can be memorized via the mnemonic (using our desired 1460:"Old Problem About Algebraic Curves Falls to Young Mathematicians" 2066: 2051: 1218: 2046: 1034:
are of maximal rank, also known as the maximal rank conjecture.
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Other more recent results not necessarily in terms of space
1363:. Wiley Classics Library. Wiley Interscience. p. 245. 72:
Throughout, we consider a projective smooth curve over the
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Larson, Eric (2018-09-18). "The Maximal Rank Conjecture".
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is not empty, and every component has dimension at least
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The basic statement can be formulated in terms of the
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is reduced and all components have dimension exactly
734: 688: 631: 569: 440: 389: 287: 1329: 369:{\displaystyle \dim(d,r,g)\geq \rho =g-(r+1)(g-d+r)} 1171: 1077: 1039:Eric Larson and Isabel Vogt (2022) proved that if 1026: 892: 845: 792: 752: 706: 649: 587: 532: 423: 368: 1415:"Tinkertoy Models Produce New Geometric Insights" 533:{\displaystyle g-(r+1)(g-d+r)=g-h^{0}(D)h^{1}(D)} 2111: 1249: 47: 1298: 1214:(Master's thesis). Radboud University Nijmegen. 719: 1510: 1496: 1225:Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften 1172:{\displaystyle (r-1)n\leq (r+1)d-(r-3)(g-1),} 1335:Algebraic Curves, the Brill and Noether way 1250:von Brill, Alexander; Noether, Max (1874). 1503: 1489: 1437: 1443: 1397: 1065: 958: 1412: 1193:) ∈ {(5,2,3),(6,4,3),(7,2,5),(10,6,5)}. 14: 2112: 1926:Clifford's theorem on special divisors 1391: 1204: 83:The condition to be a special divisor 1484: 181:be present on a curve of that genus. 144:Main theorems of Brill–Noether theory 1227:267. Vol. I. pp. 203–224. 129:, the condition is that there exist 91:terms, as the non-vanishing of the 24: 2095:Vector bundles on algebraic curves 2018:Weber's theorem (Algebraic curves) 1615:Hasse's theorem on elliptic curves 1605:Counting points on elliptic curves 1001: 950: 906:Eric Larson (2017) proved that if 561:the basic results about the space 25: 2136: 1361:Principles of Algebraic Geometry 1078:{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} ^{r}} 100:of the sheaf of sections of the 1706:Hurwitz's automorphisms theorem 1179:except in 4 exceptional cases: 1931:Gonality of an algebraic curve 1842:Differential of the first kind 1452: 1431: 1413:Hartnett, Kevin (2018-09-05). 1406: 1385: 1208:Algebraic Brill–Noether Theory 1163: 1151: 1148: 1136: 1127: 1115: 1106: 1094: 1021: 1018: 1012: 995: 982: 979: 976: 970: 944: 527: 521: 508: 502: 480: 462: 459: 447: 406: 400: 363: 345: 342: 330: 312: 294: 13: 1: 2085:Birkhoff–Grothendieck theorem 1784:Nagata's conjecture on curves 1655:Schoof–Elkies–Atkin algorithm 1529:Five points determine a conic 1315:10.1215/s0012-7094-80-04717-1 1198: 720:Griffiths & Harris (1980) 1645:Supersingular elliptic curve 1221:Geometry of Algebraic Curves 424:{\displaystyle h^{0}(D)=r+1} 7: 1852:Riemann's existence theorem 1779:Hilbert's sixteenth problem 1671:Elliptic curve cryptography 1584:Fundamental pair of periods 1233:10.1007/978-1-4757-5323-3_5 27:Field of algebraic geometry 10: 2141: 1982:Moduli of algebraic curves 1337:. Universitext. Springer. 112:. This means that, by the 78:algebraically closed field 2075: 2026: 1995: 1959: 1908: 1901: 1875: 1807: 1724: 1688: 1663: 1597: 1566: 1557: 1519: 1302:Duke Mathematical Journal 893:{\displaystyle G_{d}^{r}} 846:{\displaystyle G_{d}^{r}} 793:{\displaystyle G_{d}^{r}} 753:{\displaystyle G_{d}^{r}} 707:{\displaystyle G_{d}^{r}} 650:{\displaystyle G_{d}^{r}} 588:{\displaystyle G_{d}^{r}} 246:. There is a lower bound 131:holomorphic differentials 67:linear system of divisors 1749:Cayley–Bacharach theorem 1676:Elliptic curve primality 1378: 2008:Riemann–Hurwitz formula 1972:Gromov–Witten invariant 1832:Compact Riemann surface 1620:Mazur's torsion theorem 1205:Barbon, Andrea (2014). 927:, the restriction maps 902:of linear systems are: 242:in the notation of the 40:Alexander von Brill 1625:Modular elliptic curve 1173: 1079: 1050:interpolating through 1046:then there is a curve 1028: 894: 847: 794: 754: 708: 651: 589: 534: 425: 370: 1539:Rational normal curve 1257:Mathematische Annalen 1174: 1080: 1029: 895: 848: 795: 755: 709: 652: 597:of linear systems on 590: 535: 426: 371: 87:can be formulated in 2090:Stable vector bundle 1951:Weil reciprocity law 1941:Riemann–Roch theorem 1921:Brill–Noether theory 1857:Riemann–Roch theorem 1774:Genus–degree formula 1635:Mordell–Weil theorem 1610:Division polynomials 1331:Eduardo Casas-Alvero 1091: 1060: 931: 872: 825: 772: 732: 686: 629: 567: 438: 387: 381:Brill–Noether number 285: 244:Riemann–Roch theorem 215:, with given values 199:, and the subset of 169:) of a given degree 114:Riemann–Roch theorem 76:(or over some other 36:Brill–Noether theory 1902:Structure of curves 1794:Quartic plane curve 1716:Hyperelliptic curve 1696:De Franchis theorem 1640:Nagell–Lutz theorem 1353:Philip A. Griffiths 889: 842: 789: 749: 703: 646: 584: 431:and Riemann-Roch) 173:, as a function of 50:), is the study of 2125:Algebraic surfaces 1909:Divisors on curves 1701:Faltings's theorem 1650:Schoof's algorithm 1630:Modularity theorem 1270:10.1007/BF02104804 1169: 1075: 1054:general points in 1024: 890: 875: 843: 828: 790: 775: 766:(so in particular 750: 735: 704: 689: 647: 632: 585: 570: 543:For smooth curves 530: 421: 366: 250:for the dimension 195:of a smooth curve 167:linear equivalence 148:For a given genus 125:Alternatively, by 32:algebraic geometry 2107: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2003:Hasse–Witt matrix 1946:Weierstrass point 1893:Smooth completion 1862:Teichmüller space 1764:Cubic plane curve 1684: 1683: 1598:Arithmetic theory 1579:Elliptic integral 1574:Elliptic function 1370:978-0-471-05059-9 671:Robert Lazarsfeld 207:corresponding to 16:(Redirected from 2132: 2120:Algebraic curves 1936:Jacobian variety 1906: 1905: 1809:Riemann surfaces 1799:Real plane curve 1759:Cramer's paradox 1739:Bézout's theorem 1564: 1563: 1513:algebraic curves 1505: 1498: 1491: 1482: 1481: 1475: 1474: 1472: 1471: 1456: 1450: 1449: 1447: 1435: 1429: 1428: 1426: 1425: 1410: 1404: 1403: 1401: 1389: 1374: 1348: 1326: 1295: 1293: 1292: 1246: 1215: 1213: 1194: 1178: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1086: 1084: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1073: 1068: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1033: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1011: 1010: 1005: 1004: 994: 993: 969: 968: 967: 966: 961: 954: 953: 943: 942: 926: 919: 912: 901: 899: 897: 896: 891: 888: 883: 861: 854: 852: 850: 849: 844: 841: 836: 819:is generic then 818: 808: 801: 799: 797: 796: 791: 788: 783: 765: 761: 759: 757: 756: 751: 748: 743: 726:is generic then 725: 722:showed that if 715: 713: 711: 710: 705: 702: 697: 679: 662: 658: 656: 654: 653: 648: 645: 640: 622: 609:are as follows. 608: 604: 600: 596: 594: 592: 591: 586: 583: 578: 560: 553: 546: 539: 537: 536: 531: 520: 519: 501: 500: 430: 428: 427: 422: 399: 398: 375: 373: 372: 367: 277: 265: 249: 241: 230: 226: 218: 214: 206: 198: 194: 176: 172: 163: 159: 151: 139: 121: 111: 102:invertible sheaf 96: 89:sheaf cohomology 86: 64: 52:special divisors 38:, introduced by 21: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2099: 2071: 2062:Delta invariant 2040: 2022: 1991: 1955: 1916:Abel–Jacobi map 1897: 1871: 1867:Torelli theorem 1837:Dessin d'enfant 1817:Belyi's theorem 1803: 1789:Plücker formula 1720: 1711:Hurwitz surface 1680: 1659: 1593: 1567:Analytic theory 1559:Elliptic curves 1553: 1534:Projective line 1521:Rational curves 1515: 1509: 1479: 1478: 1469: 1467: 1464:Quanta Magazine 1458: 1457: 1453: 1436: 1432: 1423: 1421: 1419:Quanta Magazine 1411: 1407: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1371: 1345: 1290: 1288: 1243: 1211: 1201: 1180: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1087:if and only if 1069: 1064: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1040: 1006: 1000: 999: 998: 989: 985: 962: 957: 956: 955: 949: 948: 947: 938: 934: 932: 929: 928: 921: 914: 907: 884: 879: 873: 870: 869: 867: 856: 837: 832: 826: 823: 822: 820: 816: 815:proved that if 803: 784: 779: 773: 770: 769: 767: 763: 744: 739: 733: 730: 729: 727: 723: 698: 693: 687: 684: 683: 681: 674: 673:proved that if 660: 641: 636: 630: 627: 626: 624: 617: 616:proved that if 606: 602: 598: 579: 574: 568: 565: 564: 562: 555: 548: 544: 515: 511: 496: 492: 439: 436: 435: 394: 390: 388: 385: 384: 286: 283: 282: 271: 251: 247: 232: 228: 220: 216: 212: 209:divisor classes 200: 196: 188: 174: 170: 161: 157: 149: 146: 134: 117: 109: 92: 84: 74:complex numbers 62: 28: 23: 22: 18:Special divisor 15: 12: 11: 5: 2138: 2128: 2127: 2122: 2105: 2104: 2101: 2100: 2098: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2081: 2079: 2077:Vector bundles 2073: 2072: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2038: 2032: 2030: 2024: 2023: 2021: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1992: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1956: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1912: 1910: 1903: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1872: 1870: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1813: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1802: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1730: 1728: 1722: 1721: 1719: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1660: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1594: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1570: 1568: 1561: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1544:Riemann sphere 1541: 1536: 1531: 1525: 1523: 1517: 1516: 1508: 1507: 1500: 1493: 1485: 1477: 1476: 1451: 1430: 1405: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1369: 1349: 1343: 1327: 1309:(1): 233–272. 1296: 1264:(2): 269–316. 1247: 1241: 1216: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1072: 1067: 1036: 1035: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1009: 1003: 997: 992: 988: 984: 981: 978: 975: 972: 965: 960: 952: 946: 941: 937: 887: 882: 878: 864: 863: 840: 835: 831: 813:David Gieseker 810: 787: 782: 778: 747: 742: 738: 717: 701: 696: 692: 667:William Fulton 664: 644: 639: 635: 605:and dimension 582: 577: 573: 541: 540: 529: 526: 523: 518: 514: 510: 507: 504: 499: 495: 491: 488: 485: 482: 479: 476: 473: 470: 467: 464: 461: 458: 455: 452: 449: 446: 443: 420: 417: 414: 411: 408: 405: 402: 397: 393: 377: 376: 365: 362: 359: 356: 353: 350: 347: 344: 341: 338: 335: 332: 329: 326: 323: 320: 317: 314: 311: 308: 305: 302: 299: 296: 293: 290: 186:Picard variety 145: 142: 140:on the curve. 108:associated to 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2137: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2115: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2028:Singularities 2025: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1911: 1907: 1904: 1900: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1878: 1876:Constructions 1874: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1847:Klein quartic 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1827:Bolza surface 1825: 1823: 1822:Bring's curve 1820: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1754:Conic section 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1734:AF+BG theorem 1732: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1550: 1549:Twisted cubic 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1506: 1501: 1499: 1494: 1492: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1465: 1461: 1455: 1446: 1441: 1434: 1420: 1416: 1409: 1400: 1395: 1388: 1384: 1372: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1344:9783030290153 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1297: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1244: 1242:0-387-90997-4 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1217: 1210: 1209: 1203: 1202: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1166: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1133: 1130: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1112: 1109: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1070: 1043: 1038: 1037: 1015: 1007: 990: 986: 973: 963: 939: 935: 924: 917: 910: 905: 904: 903: 885: 880: 876: 859: 838: 833: 829: 814: 811: 806: 785: 780: 776: 745: 740: 736: 721: 718: 716:is connected. 699: 694: 690: 677: 672: 668: 665: 642: 637: 633: 620: 615: 612: 611: 610: 580: 575: 571: 558: 551: 524: 516: 512: 505: 497: 493: 489: 486: 483: 477: 474: 471: 468: 465: 456: 453: 450: 444: 441: 434: 433: 432: 418: 415: 412: 409: 403: 395: 391: 382: 360: 357: 354: 351: 348: 339: 336: 333: 327: 324: 321: 318: 315: 309: 306: 303: 300: 297: 291: 288: 281: 280: 279: 275: 269: 263: 259: 255: 245: 239: 235: 224: 210: 204: 192: 187: 182: 180: 168: 155: 141: 138: 133:with divisor 132: 128: 127:Serre duality 123: 120: 115: 107: 103: 99: 95: 90: 81: 79: 75: 70: 68: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 42: and 41: 37: 33: 19: 2036: 2013:Prym variety 1987:Stable curve 1977:Hodge bundle 1967:ELSV formula 1920: 1769:Fermat curve 1726:Plane curves 1689:Higher genus 1664:Applications 1589:Modular form 1468:. Retrieved 1466:. 2022-08-25 1463: 1454: 1433: 1422:. Retrieved 1418: 1408: 1387: 1360: 1334: 1306: 1300: 1289:. Retrieved 1261: 1255: 1220: 1207: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1041: 922: 915: 908: 865: 857: 804: 802:is empty if 675: 618: 614:George Kempf 556: 549: 542: 380: 378: 273: 261: 257: 253: 237: 233: 222: 211:of divisors 202: 190: 183: 178: 154:moduli space 147: 136: 124: 118: 93: 82: 71: 51: 35: 29: 2042:singularity 1888:Polar curve 379:called the 156:for curves 106:line bundle 44:Max Noether 2114:Categories 1883:Dual curve 1511:Topics in 1470:2022-08-28 1445:2201.09445 1424:2022-08-28 1399:1711.04906 1357:Joe Harris 1291:2009-08-22 1278:06.0251.01 1199:References 601:of degree 98:cohomology 54:, certain 1996:Morphisms 1744:Bitangent 1286:120777748 1158:− 1143:− 1134:− 1113:≤ 1101:− 983:→ 490:− 469:− 445:− 352:− 328:− 319:ρ 316:≥ 292:⁡ 268:subscheme 160:of genus 1359:(1994). 1333:(2019). 547:and for 266:of this 56:divisors 2067:Tacnode 2052:Crunode 1323:0563378 1085:⁠ 1056:⁠ 900:⁠ 868:⁠ 853:⁠ 821:⁠ 800:⁠ 768:⁠ 760:⁠ 728:⁠ 714:⁠ 682:⁠ 657:⁠ 625:⁠ 595:⁠ 563:⁠ 177:, that 46: ( 2047:Acnode 1960:Moduli 1367:  1341:  1321:  1284:  1276:  1239:  920:, and 860:> 0 807:< 0 680:then 152:, the 116:, the 1440:arXiv 1394:arXiv 1379:Notes 1282:S2CID 1212:(PDF) 623:then 240:) – 1 60:curve 58:on a 2057:Cusp 1365:ISBN 1339:ISBN 1237:ISBN 669:and 272:Pic( 252:dim( 227:and 221:deg( 201:Pic( 189:Pic( 179:must 48:1874 1311:doi 1274:JFM 1266:doi 1229:doi 1044:≥ 0 925:≥ 1 918:≥ 3 911:≥ 0 678:≥ 1 621:≥ 0 559:≥ 0 552:≥ 1 289:dim 270:in 231:of 219:of 135:≥ – 104:or 80:). 30:In 2116:: 1462:. 1417:. 1355:; 1319:MR 1317:. 1307:47 1305:. 1280:. 1272:. 1260:. 1254:. 1235:. 1223:. 1189:, 1185:, 913:, 809:). 554:, 278:: 260:, 256:, 69:. 34:, 2039:k 2037:A 1504:e 1497:t 1490:v 1473:. 1448:. 1442:: 1427:. 1402:. 1396:: 1373:. 1347:. 1325:. 1313:: 1294:. 1268:: 1262:7 1245:. 1231:: 1191:r 1187:g 1183:d 1181:( 1167:, 1164:) 1161:1 1155:g 1152:( 1149:) 1146:3 1140:r 1137:( 1131:d 1128:) 1125:1 1122:+ 1119:r 1116:( 1110:n 1107:) 1104:1 1098:r 1095:( 1071:r 1066:P 1052:n 1048:C 1042:ρ 1022:) 1019:) 1016:n 1013:( 1008:C 1002:O 996:( 991:0 987:H 980:) 977:) 974:n 971:( 964:r 959:P 951:O 945:( 940:0 936:H 923:n 916:r 909:ρ 886:r 881:d 877:G 862:. 858:ρ 839:r 834:d 830:G 817:C 805:ρ 786:r 781:d 777:G 764:ρ 746:r 741:d 737:G 724:C 700:r 695:d 691:G 676:ρ 663:. 661:ρ 643:r 638:d 634:G 619:ρ 607:r 603:d 599:C 581:r 576:d 572:G 557:r 550:d 545:C 528:) 525:D 522:( 517:1 513:h 509:) 506:D 503:( 498:0 494:h 487:g 484:= 481:) 478:r 475:+ 472:d 466:g 463:( 460:) 457:1 454:+ 451:r 448:( 442:g 419:1 416:+ 413:r 410:= 407:) 404:D 401:( 396:0 392:h 364:) 361:r 358:+ 355:d 349:g 346:( 343:) 340:1 337:+ 334:r 331:( 325:g 322:= 313:) 310:g 307:, 304:r 301:, 298:d 295:( 276:) 274:C 264:) 262:g 258:r 254:d 248:ρ 238:D 236:( 234:l 229:r 225:) 223:D 217:d 213:D 205:) 203:C 197:C 193:) 191:C 175:g 171:d 162:g 158:C 150:g 137:D 119:H 110:D 94:H 85:D 63:C 20:)

Index

Special divisor
algebraic geometry
Alexander von Brill
Max Noether
1874
divisors
curve
linear system of divisors
complex numbers
algebraically closed field
sheaf cohomology
cohomology
invertible sheaf
line bundle
Riemann–Roch theorem
Serre duality
holomorphic differentials
moduli space
linear equivalence
Picard variety
divisor classes
Riemann–Roch theorem
subscheme
George Kempf
William Fulton
Robert Lazarsfeld
Griffiths & Harris (1980)
David Gieseker
Algebraic Brill–Noether Theory
Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften

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