Spiti - Knowledge

578:

noted three forms of alluvia in the Spiti valley. The first is deposits of fine clay. The second is triangular platforms that slope gently from the mountains to the river, usually ending in a steep cliff. The third are enormous masses of great depth, 120–180 m (400–600 ft) above the river bed. The river has cut deep gorges through these platforms. The latter two consist of clay, pebbles and boulders. Thomson speculated that the valley appeared to have been a lake bed in the past though he could not conceive mechanisms to explain the phenomena. Now, we know that the valley was uplifted from the ocean bed due to the

1375: 38: 1192: 352: 55: 231: 486: 855: 1200: 1034: 494: 88: 623:

and faster-melting glaciers endangers agriculture in the valley, which has only one agricultural season, being a high-altitude cold desert. Climate change is threatening the tradition of Gaddi shepherds' annual migrations to Spiti with their herds of goat and sheep. It is degrading the quality of the pastures, and the ice bridges that Gaddis with their flocks could earlier use to cross rivers while bypassing villages are now disappearing. Scientific studies back up the ground-level observations that

441:(1846), Spiti alongside Lahaul was split off from the erstwhile kingdom of Ladakh, and came under direct British administration. Mansukh Das, hereditary Wazir of Bushahr, was entrusted with the local administration of this region from 1846 to 1848. The Wazir had to pay the British revenue of only Rs. 700 annually for the whole of Spiti. In 1849, Spiti came directly under the control of the Assistant Commissioner, Kooloo (Kullu). Kullu was a sub-division of the Kangra district, of the 1208: 997:. Similarly, among women, by custom, only the eldest daughter would marry in earlier times. In some cases, younger daughters would become nuns. In others, they would stay at home either with their parents or the eldest brother, and were valuable additional work hands. In many cases, they died spinsters. Polyandry was prevalent until a few decades ago; its practice has almost disappeared now. Monogamy and nuclear families prevail nowadays. 3622: 95: 62: 365:

categorized, based on differences of the designs depicted, into the following periods: the Late Bronze Age (c.1500–800 BCE), the early Iron Age (c.800–500 BCE), the Iron Age (c.500–100 BCE), the Protohistoric period (100 BCE–650 CE), Early Historic Period (650–1000 CE), Vestigial Period (1000–1300 CE), and the Late Historical Period (post-1300 CE).

1175:

garden peas, covered about 27% of the surveyed area, increasing to 47% by 2000. Some of the main reasons for adoption of new crops included better road connectivity and transport to reach markets, declining demand for traditional crops, and availability of hybrid seeds and favourable micro-climatic niches. A few farmers near

1174:

in the upper valley to Tabo and Lari in the lower valley, was conducted in 2007–2009 by agricultural scientists. It was found that up to 1980, the important five crops were black pea, potato, barley (hulless and covered) and wheat. By 1990, farmers had diversified to nine crops. One of the new crops,

622:

Villagers in Spiti, especially those in higher villages like Komik, Kibber, Lhangza etc., claim that in recent decades, glaciers have been melting faster, and the quantity of snowfall has decreased. Villages in Spiti are dependent entirely on snowmelt water from winter snows and glaciers. Lesser snow

1182:

Road access has been noted as being vital to Spiti's cash crop economy, as the harvest is almost entirely sold in distant markets in the north Indian plains. Interruptions in road access caused by landslides during the post-harvest season, which overlaps with the monsoon season, can adversely affect

1046:

Some significant local festivities in Spiti include the Guitor at Kyi Gonpa (July), Ladarcha fair (mid-August), Spiti Losar (around November), Thuckchu (winter solstice in December), Dachang (around February), and Sia Mentok (around February). All these festivals have been traditionally tied up with

880:

in Spiti. The Shimla to Spiti route is advised for travelers coming from lower altitudes as it gives them enough time to get acclimatized to the high altitude. This is because the road runs parallel to the Sutlej river initially, climbing steadily to 2,550 m (8,370 ft) at the confluence of

1166:

Spiti supports only one crop/year, in the period May – September. An administrator in 1871 reported that yaks were used for ploughing and the main crops were a fine hexagonal wheat, peas, mustard and two kinds of barley. As the Spiti river has eroded channels well below the valley floor, crops are

613:

Spiti valley is arid as it is situated in the monsoon rain shadow of the Himalayas. The average annual rainfall is about 50 mm (2.0 in) with snowfall less than 200 cm (6.6 ft). Sporadically, there may be up to 15 mm (0.59 in) rainfall in a day resulting in erosion and

1323:

The best time to visit Spiti Valley is May to October. During this summer season, Spiti is accessible from Manali and from Shimla. In winters the road from Manali is closed for almost 6 months due to heavy snowfall. Spiti is accessible during most of the winter from Shimla. Besides tourists, many

988:

Traditionally, in Spiti, the society consisted of a hierarchy, with the Nonos (local aristocracy) at the top, the Chhazang (agriculturalists, practitioners of Tibetan medicine, and astrologers) in the middle, and the 'pyi-pa' (the separate endogamous groups of the 'Zo' blacksmiths and the 'Beda'

577:

Over millennia, the Spiti River and its tributaries such as the Pin River, have cut deep gorges in the uplifted sedimentary strata. As vegetation is sparse, the rock strata in the steep cliffs are easily visible to the geologist, without excavation or drilling. Thomson during his 1847 expedition

820:

Designated as one of the 'Tribal Areas' of Himachal Pradesh, Spiti is administered under the Single-Line Administration system, which facilitates direct communication between the Kaza administration and the higher levels of administration in Himachal Pradesh. Electorally, Spiti is a part of the

364:

There is evidence of very early human habitation in the Spiti valley, primarily through its rich heritage of pre-Buddhist rock art. Spiti's rock art is thought to have been produced over a wide period of time, with the earliest examples dating back nearly 3,000 years. Spiti's rock art has been

1029:

sheep and goat herders who bring their animals for grazing. They come to Spiti from neighbouring regions and sometimes from as far as 250 km (160 mi) away. They enter the valley during summer as the snow melts and leave just a few days before the first snowfall of the winter season.

804:

district of Himachal Pradesh, the other one being the Lahaul sub-division. The sub-divisional headquarters (capital) of the Spiti sub-division of the Lahaul and Spiti district is Kaza, which is situated on the bank of the Spiti River at an elevation of about 3,650 m (11,980 ft). The

445:. In 1873 the Nono of Kyuling village, near Kaza, was delegated the responsibility of collecting revenue from Spiti for the British, and was also given some judicial powers. In 1941, Spiti was made part of the Lahaul tehsil (sub-division) of Kullu district, with its headquarters at Keylong. 813:

by These two divisions of Lahaul and Spiti district are connected by NH-505 over the high Kunzum Pass, at 4,590 m (15,060 ft). However, the Spiti sub-division is cut off from the district headquarters for 5–6 months in winter and spring as this road is cut off due to heavy snow.

1157:

Cash-crop agriculture (of the green pea and apples), employment in state departments and development projects, and tourism are the main sources of income in the Spiti valley. Road accessibility has been of central importance to all these livelihoods and developmental activities.

2094: 875:

tunnel and Kunzum Pass. Kaza, the headquarters of the Spiti subdivision, is 201 km (125 mi) from Manali. The road joining Manali to Spiti is treacherous and in bad condition as compared to the Shimla to Spiti road. Due to the high altitude one is likely to feel

504:

The Spiti valley is located between the Kunzum range in the NW to Khab on the Sutlej river in Kinnaur in the SE. The Spiti River originates from the base of the 6,118 m (20,073 ft) K-111 peak. The Taktsi tributary flows out of the Nogpo-Topko glacier, near

870:

from Shimla on a difficult 412 km-long (256 mi) road. The Spiti subdivision of Lahaul and Spiti District starts at Sumdo (74 km (46 mi) from Kaza) which is quite near the India–China border. In summer Spiti can be reached via Manali through the

791:

The total area of the Spiti valley is 7,828.9 km (3,022.8 sq mi) and the total population in 2011 was 17,104 persons. Administratively, most of Spiti valley falls under Lahaul and Spiti district with a small part coming under Kinnaur district.

639:

Spiti is a high altitude cold desert located above the tree line, with only a few stunted willows and scattered trees in some villages. There are shrubs on the valley floor. Despite this, Spiti boasts of more than 450 species of plants. These include

2015:

Stoliczka, F. (1866). "Geological Sections across the Himalayan Mountains from Wangtu Bridge on the River Sutlej to Sungdo on the Indus, with an account of the formations in Spiti, accompanied by a revision of all known fossils from that district".

1218:

Spiti was opened to tourism in 1992. Since 2016, this region has witnessed a tourism boom. Over 2019, 64,700 Indian tourists and 3,612 foreign tourists visited Spiti via the Shimla route, while numbers were not available for the Manali route.

420:

as Governor, but he usually went away after the harvest time, leaving the local administration in the hands of the Wazir or Nono. There was a headman for a group of villages for day-to-day administrative affairs. Spiti briefly came under the

993:, with the eldest son inheriting the estate. All younger sons would have to become monks. If the eldest son died, the younger brother would have to leave the monastery and become the husband to the widowed wife. This was a form of fraternal 1138:

listed Lahaul and Spiti district as a whole, with specific mentions of both Lahaul and Spiti regions, among the 'Top 10 regions' in the world that were considered the best for travel over 2018, in an article published online on October 23,

2086: 560:

Peak at 6,598 m (21,646 ft). The mountains are barren and largely devoid of trees except for a few stunted willows and scattered trees in a some villages. The main settlements along the Spiti River and its tributaries are

456:

After the formation of Lahaul & Spiti into a district in 1960, Spiti was formed into a sub-division with its headquarter at Kaza. Lahaul and Spiti district was merged with Himachal Pradesh on 1 November 1966 on enactment of the

2661: 2212: 964:

died on 24 December 2015, a search was started for his successor. In November 2022, the Nyingma sect located a boy in Rangrik village, Spiti who they believed to be the reincarnation of the late Rinpoche. The four-year old boy,

555:

Steep mountains rise to very high altitudes on either side of the Spiti River and its numerous tributaries. The highest peak in the Parung range to the NE has an altitude of 7,030 m (23,064 ft) and on the SW side, is

415:

of 1679–1683. This prompted Man Singh, Raja of Kullu, to invade Spiti and establish a loose control over this principality. Later on, in the 18th century, control once again passed back to Ladakh. An official was sent from

323:

The name "Spiti" is derived from "Piti", which means "the middle land" as the valley is surrounded on all sides by mountain ranges that separate it from former empires. These include Ladakh to the north, Tibet to the east,

1614: 517:, Lingti and Parachu as the major tributaries. The catchment area of the Spiti river is about 6,300 km (2,400 sq mi). Situated in the rain shadow of the main Himalayan range, Spiti does not benefit from the 3053: 2177: 3189: 3156: 1469:

Cycling and running in Spiti's high altitudes are also undertaken by some visitors to Spiti. Driving cars and motorcycles on the roads leading to and within Spiti is considered an adventurous activity by many.

1004:

by the Government of India. Nautor land rules have made it possible for those people to resort to law to get land, who by custom could not inherit and own land, just as in the neighbouring district of Kinnaur.

837:

The lower Spiti valley from the Sumdo bridge until the Spiti merges with the Sutlej river at Khab is called the Hangrang valley. This area forms the Hangrang sub-tehsil which is part of the Poo sub-division in

468:

by the People's Republic of China in 1951 turned Spiti into a sensitive region for the Indian government. Due to this, roads were built to Spiti over the 1950s-60s. By the 1970s, Spiti had road connectivity to

280:, and the valleys of several rivers that feed into the Spiti River. Some of the prominent side-valleys in Spiti are the Pin valley and the Lingti valley. Spiti is bordered on the east by Tibet, on the north by 842:. The Hangrang sub-tehsil covers an area of 727.8 km (281.0 sq mi) with a population of 4,659 persons. The sub-tehsil is approximately 100 km (62 mi) from the district headquarters at 2628: 2900: 2952: 3853: 2651: 2204: 2483:

Pandey, Abhimanyu (2023). "Fragile mountains, extreme winters, and bordering China: Interrogating the shaping of remoteness and connectivity through roads in a Himalayan borderland".

1606: 448:

The only built structure in Spiti which reflects colonial architecture is the Attargu suspension bridge, which was built in 1911 and formerly connected Spiti valley with Pin valley.

817:

The Spiti sub-division is spread over an area of 7,101.1 km (2,741.8 sq mi). According to the 2011 Census, the population of the Spiti sub-division is 12,445 persons.

3043: 2870: 2169: 532:

to Lingti, the river is braided with a very wide river bed, though the water channel is narrow. The valley floor has ancient sedimentary deposits, and the sides have extensive

3179: 3146: 3123: 2148:"Impact of Climate Change on Flora of Spiti Valley, SAC (2016), Monitoring Snow and Glaciers of Himalayan Region, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad, India" 404:

for a long time. Local rulers had the title of Nonos. They were either descendants of a native family of Spiti or chiefs sent to look after the affairs of Spiti by

465: 2618: 781: 2840: 1731: 408:. This region became autonomous whenever the rulers of Ladakh were weak. However the rulers of Spiti periodically sent tributes to Ladakh, Chamba and Kullu. 2892: 311:

was for subsistence, but has shifted to cash crops in the past few decades. Spiti is a popular destination for photography, homestay tourism, and adventure

2242: 3654: 1352:

training camp was organised for the first time in Spiti, in Kaza. In winter 2021–22, national ice-hockey and ice-skating championships were held in Kaza.

2930: 989:

musicians) at the bottom. Each of these groups tended to marry only among others of their own status. By custom, inheritance in Spiti has been through

1055:

are locally prepared and very popular, both in festivals and on various occasions like birth, marriage, the celebration of some success, and death.

521:

that causes widespread rain in most parts of India from June to September. The river attains peak discharge in late summers due to glacier melting.

3564: 3265: 2960: 3915: 3296: 2421: 300:

environment. The valley and its surrounding regions are among the least populated regions of India. The Bhoti-speaking local population follows

2990: 2125: 1148:

issue of July 2020 carried a long story on the snow leopards of Spiti, and the social, conservation, and tourism-related issues around them.

3595: 2802:"Agricultural Transformation in Trans Himalayan Region of Himachal Pradesh: Cropping Pattern, Technology Adoption and Emerging Challenges" 3092: 2039:

Parcha, S.K.; Pandey, Shivani (September 2011). "Devonian Ichnofossils from the Farakah Muth Section of the Pin Valley, Spiti Himalaya".

1948: 1670: 952:

monasteries belong to the Sakya School. In the recent decades, nunneries have been established at Kwang, Morang, Pangmo, and Kungri. The

3534: 2452: 2302: 540:

runs from Lingti to Khab. Here, the meandering river has incised channels and gorges about 10–130 m (33–427 ft) deep in the

2862: 1978: 896:

to visit the Spiti valley. Earlier, Indian citizens also needed an Inner Line permit to visit Spiti, but this was abolished in 1992.

3020: 1586:

Ecosystem structure and function in relation to grazing in the alpine landscape of cold desert (Spiti catchment, Himachal Pradesh)

976:

Every village in Spiti has a small temple, or 'Lhakhang'. A well-known Lakhang in Spiti is the 'Serkhang', or 'Golden Temple', at

3647: 3504: 1915: 54: 2580: 1390:

The Kanamo peak is a popular 5,960 m (19,550 ft) high mountain above Kibber village, whose summit people can trek to.

822: 672:

and other herbs. The alpine pastures on the high plateaus of Spiti are home to a variety of small bushes and grasses including

2271: 1521: 1001: 2539: 3910: 3115: 2484: 2334: 335:. Ashwapati means "lord of horses" and Pin Valley was famous for its horse breeds. Others attribute the name to a Tibetan 2359: 3386: 3326: 1505: 1456:- the highest peak of Himachal Pradesh state; it lies in the Kinnaur district, but the Spiti River drains a part of its 186: 3640: 1025:. Pin valley is renowned for the rearing of the rare Chumurti horse breed. Spiti is a summer home to many semi-nomadic 2389: 1332:

Spiti valley is an emerging destination for winter and ice sports, trekking and mountaineering, and adventure sports.

579: 3416: 3086: 2514: 1664: 1552: 614:

landslides. The extreme temperatures are −25 °C (−13 °F) in winter and 15 °C (59 °F) in summer.

2836: 2451:. 3 Part XII B. Directorate of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt of India. 2011. 2301:. 3 Part XII A. Directorate of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt of India. 2011. 1876: 1716: 340: 331:

Some believe that the name Piti is a contraction of Ashwapati, a legendary ruler of Pin Valley in the time of the

929:

schools of Tibetan Buddhism have a presence in the Spiti valley. Each of these schools has monasteries in Spiti.

442: 412: 261: 3356: 3920: 3473: 2234: 1871: 1399:

The Pin-Parvati pass trek, from Spiti into Kullu or the other way round, is considered a more challenging trek.

392:

After Kyide Nyimagon's death, Zanskar and Spiti were given to his youngest son Detsukgon, while the eldest son

2685:

The founding inscription in the gSer khaṅ of Lalung (Spiti, Himachal Pradesh): edition and annoted translation

87: 3626: 2922: 2813: 2745:

Socio-economic organisation in a border area of Tibetan culture: Tabo, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

2700:

Socio-economic organisation in a border area of Tibetan culture: Tabo, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

2486:

Aktuelle Forschungsbeiträge zu Südasien - 12. Jahrestagung des AK Südasien, 21./22. Januar 2022, Bonn/online

1848: 1803:

Socio-economic organisation in a border area of Tibetan culture. Tabo, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

1773:

Socio-economic organisation in a border area of Tibetan culture. Tabo, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

1758:

Socio-economic organisation in a border area of Tibetan culture. Tabo, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

1535:

Socio-economic organisation in a border area of Tibetan culture: Tabo, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

1167:

irrigated using long channels winding along the terrain, often for many miles, to bring water from streams.

593:

in Spiti in the 1860s. Stoliczka identified a number of layers or successions, one of which he named as the

2535: 1484: 1143: 882: 859: 826: 179: 945: 2048: 378: 3556: 385:

was built (996 CE). In the 10th century, Spiti was part of the kingdom of Ngari Khorsum, established by

339:

named Spiti Thakur. Based in Spiti valley, the Thakur gangs raided the upper parts of Kullu, before the

3257: 2025: 2759: 2414: 3925: 3687: 3663: 3288: 3048: 1479: 1103: 801: 458: 438: 405: 285: 156: 1698: 1656:

Horticulture in Cold Desert Conditions with Particular Reference to Spiti Valley of Himachal Pradesh

1406:

in the Satluj valley to Nako in the Spiti valley climbs steeply to the Hango Pass, then descends to

1393:

The Parang La trek is a well-known trek for crossing from Spiti valley into Rupshu plains of Ladakh.

889:(elev. 3,620 m (11,880 ft)) before continuing to Kaza. NH-505 enters Lahaul at Kunzum La. 3879: 3235: 2982: 1303: 1244: 1211: 1075:'s expedition to Spiti and Western Tibet. The narration of this 46 minute-long video is in Italian. 961: 514: 470: 2448:

District Census Handbook: Kinnaur, Himachal -- Village and Town wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA)

2117: 1374: 800:

The upper Spiti valley and the lower valley up to Sumdo form one of the two sub-divisions of the

1410:(Liyo) on the south bank of the Spiti. The trail crosses the Spiti river and climbs up to Nako. 1037:

Performers of Spiti's traditional dance in traditional dresses posing during the Ladarcha fair.

960:

school. After Taklung Setrung Rinpoche, the head of the Nyingma sect and a noted scholar of the

3874: 3769: 3764: 3587: 1308: 1255: 1191: 886: 646: 590: 566: 562: 171: 167: 20: 3217: 3076: 1910: 1654: 1911:"Late Pleistocene-Holocene morphosedimentary architecture, Spiti River, arid higher Himalaya" 351: 2362:. Department of Tourism & Civil Aviation, Government of Himachal Pradesh. Archived from 3526: 2446: 2296: 2052: 1924: 1447: 1383: 1293: 1119: 37: 2577:"Monasteries in Spiti | District Lahaul and Spiti, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India" 1970: 1564:

High altitude survival: Conflicts between pastoralism and wildlife in the Trans-Himalayas.

8: 966: 684:

among others. In terms of wildlife, among other species, the Spiti region is home to the

586: 485: 3012: 2170:"On thin ice: Less snow, high temperatures have upturned lives in Himalayan cold desert" 2056: 1928: 1585: 854: 3803: 3790: 3205: 2837:"How Climate Change is Affecting an Old Pastoral Tradition in Spiti – The Wire Science" 2268:"Geographical Area | District Lahaul and Spiti, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India" 2068: 1940: 1686: 1298: 1199: 1110: 1071:

Spiti was first filmed in 1933 by Eugenio Ghersi, a member of the Italian Tibetologist

1017:, and some amount of black pea. In recent decades, these crops have been supplanted by 994: 765: 373:

There is some evidence to show that Spiti was a part of the western Tibetan kingdom of

3496: 2760:"Political ecology of land reforms in Kinnaur: Implications and a historical overview" 1179:

have introduced apples, though the success rate is low owing to the low temperatures.

1033: 1021:

cultivation. Animal husbandry, particularly in higher parts of Spiti, revolves around

230: 3843: 3833: 3828: 3808: 3082: 2779: 2775: 2576: 2510: 2147: 2072: 1944: 1660: 1548: 1517: 1441: 1282: 977: 949: 941: 893: 877: 741: 667: 393: 2702:. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. pp. 169–174. 3823: 2771: 2060: 1932: 1125: 973:

to induct him into his new position and he started his formal religious education.

910: 839: 757: 541: 493: 301: 293: 265: 146: 3044:"Himachal Wakes Up To Blanket Of Snow In Lahaul-Spiti, Winter Rain Freezes Shimla" 2267: 1340:

Winter sports in Spiti include ice-skating, ice-hockey, skiing, and ice-climbing.

3848: 3795: 3184: 3151: 2656: 2531: 2504: 1542: 1079: 780:

spp). Spiti is home to two protected areas, the Pin Valley National Park and the

661: 2386:"Population | District Lahaul and Spiti, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India" 368: 3838: 2747:. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. p. 178. 2324: 1420: 1312: 1072: 717: 628: 624: 397: 386: 382: 377:

until the mid-7th century CE. Buddhism first came to Spiti, likely through the

289: 2363: 2064: 1936: 3904: 3813: 3785: 3759: 3677: 3378: 3318: 2783: 2652:"Nyingma monks find reincarnation of Buddhist master in 4-year-old Spiti boy" 2329: 1260: 1135: 1129: 1065: 990: 937: 933: 685: 489:

The Spiti emerges from a gorge to merge into the Satluj near Khab, June 2018.

422: 235: 201: 188: 3632: 3884: 3713: 3692: 2385: 1513: 1407: 1362: 1235: 1229: 1092: 749: 693: 674: 549: 429:) between 1842 and 1846, after which it was annexed to the British Empire. 3588:"Spiti Valley Most Common Itinerary - Detailed Travel Plan for Travellers" 3408: 1506:

Tibetan medicine off the roads: Modernizing the work of the Amchi in Spiti

1013:

Agriculture in Spiti has traditionally revolved around the cultivation of

913:, and its culture is similar to those of its neighbouring regions such as 3734: 2298:

District Census Handbook: Kinnaur, Himachal -- Village and Town Directory

2087:"Climate change in Spiti: Water crisis engulfs world's 'highest' village" 1453: 1403: 1345: 1274: 1083: 1052: 872: 843: 733: 506: 498: 497:

Barren, high mountains with sparse vegetation along Spiti tributary near

426: 332: 308: 297: 258: 250: 222: 3348: 1866: 3682: 3439: 3289:"Kanamo Peak Trek in Spiti Valley - A Travel Guide Covering Everything" 2529: 1349: 1288: 953: 529: 374: 3889: 2623: 1428: 1091:

Spiti valley was the location for the shooting of some scenes in the

957: 773: 657: 641: 254: 3557:"Spiti Valley Road is one of the toughest roads left on this planet" 3465: 2118:"How Climate Change is Affecting an Old Pastoral Tradition in Spiti" 1207: 3232:"Piti Dharr – International Ice Climbing Festival in the Himalayas" 3180:"Lahaul-Spiti to host its maiden skiing and snowboard championship" 1909:

Srivastava, P.; Ray, Y.; Phartiyal, B.; Sharma, A. (1 March 2013).

1435: 680: 652: 557: 2801: 2492:. Heidelberg: Heidelberg Asian Studies Publishing. pp. 14–17. 2199: 2197: 2195: 1537:. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna. 631:

has been adversely affecting the environment of the Spiti valley.

400:. After that, the history of Spiti was linked with the history of 268:. The name "Spiti" means "The middle land", i.e. the land between 3729: 1048: 970: 922: 867: 806: 701: 548:. Tributaries and other streams join at right angles, indicating 545: 518: 336: 325: 312: 2619:"Buddhist Nyingma sect finds 'reincarnation' of famous Rinpoche" 1088:, first published as a book in 1901, is set in the Spiti valley. 795: 3869: 3818: 3744: 3739: 3708: 3621: 3258:"Townscript | Online Event Registration and Ticketing Platform" 2192: 1563: 1498:

A Village Called Self-Awareness, life and times in Spiti Valley

1457: 1396:

The Bhaba Pass trek in the Pin valley is a popular summer trek.

1355: 1265: 1171: 1026: 1014: 969:, was born on 16 April 2018. On 28 November 2022, his head was 725: 510: 474: 401: 281: 3437: 1784: 1782: 1222:

Places in Spiti popular among tourists include the following:

3754: 3749: 1249: 948:

in the Pin valley belong to the Nyingma school. The Kaza and

926: 918: 914: 810: 809:

in the Lahaul valley. But the Spiti valley is separated from

533: 369:

The period from the mid-7th century to the early 19th century

273: 269: 136: 1908: 3147:"Himachal govt sets up highest gym at Kaza in Spiti valley" 1779: 1530:. Two Volumes. Calcutta. 1972 reprint: S. Chand, New Delhi. 1176: 1124:

a biographical adventure tale about one of the most famous

1097: 917:, Ladakh, and the Hangrang valley of Kinnaur district. The 709: 2983:"Places to Visit in Spiti Valley | Welcome to the Heaven!" 1047:

agricultural and seasonal shifts. The alcoholic beverages

956:

of Spiti is home to the few surviving Buchen Lamas of the

2530:

Permanent Delegation of India to UNESCO (15 April 2015).

1805:. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. p. 62. 1170:

A survey of 10 villages in Spiti, ranging from Losar and

1022: 1018: 1000:

The entire local population of Spiti is categorised as a

524:

There are two distinct parts of the Spiti valley. In the

417: 3231: 1636: 1634: 1632: 832: 3074: 1775:. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences. pp. 45–46. 2893:"Nel Tibet occidentale - Primo, secondo e terzo tempo" 2953:"Himalaya snow leopards are finally coming into view" 1629: 1547:(2nd ed.). New Delhi: Indus Publishing Company. 940:

monasteries of Spiti belong to the Gelug school. The

3497:"Cycling in Spiti Valley - Experience of a Lifetime" 3446: 1829:

The Himalayan Districts of Kooloo, Lahoul and Spiti

1760:. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences. p. 37. 1068:, an early pioneer of photography in the Himalayas. 885:runs along the Spiti River, climbing steeply up to 866:Spiti valley is accessible throughout the year via 3438:Government of Himachal Pradesh (24 January 2023). 2354: 2352: 1653:A. S. Kashyap (2006). Dr. Satish K. Sharma (ed.). 1423:. Some of the significant peaks in Spiti include: 1318: 2601: 2291: 2289: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 3902: 3177: 2717:. New Delhi: Kaveria Publishers. pp. 29–30. 2360:"Himachal Tourism - Lahaul & Spiti District" 1419:Spiti also has a number of peaks of interest to 1324:film-makers visit Spiti in winter for shooting. 509:150 km (93 mi), the Spiti ends in the 2604:Disciples of a Crazy Saint: The Buchen of Spiti 2349: 1717:"The Rock Art of Spiti. A General Introduction" 3178:HT Correspondent, Dharamsala (29 March 2022). 2439: 2286: 1891: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1358:can also be attempted during winters in Spiti. 732:spp). The avifauna of the region includes the 276:. Spiti incorporates mainly the valley of the 3662: 3648: 2799: 2616: 2004:. London: Reeve and Co. pp. 27, 123–124. 1652: 1064:Spiti was first photographed in the 1860s by 858:Deep gorge in alluvium bed, Spiti River, and 825:for the state-level Vidhan Sabha, and of the 796:Spiti sub-division, Lahaul and Spiti district 589:discovered a major geological formation near 381:into Tibet, and it was at this time that the 2795: 2793: 2262: 2260: 2038: 74:Location of Spiti Valley in Himachal Pradesh 2730:Spiti: a Study in Socio-Cultural Traditions 2509:. B.R. Publishing Corporation. p. 67. 1809: 1579:Spiti: a Study in Socio-Cultural Traditions 881:the Spiti and Satluj near Khab. From Khab, 451: 315:of various kinds, including winter sports. 257:, located in the north-eastern part of the 253:language) is a high-altitude region of the 3655: 3641: 3466:"The HJ/55/12 THE CONTINUING STORY OF GYA" 3440:"Kinnaur: Adventures: Reckong Peo to Nako" 2757: 2732:. New Delhi: Kaveri Books. pp. 36–37. 2715:Spiti: a Study in Socio-Cultural Relations 2506:Spiti: A Buddhist Land in Western Himalaya 2167: 1659:. New India Publishing. pp. 201–202. 1183:the pricing of Spiti's cash crop produce. 1008: 3116:"Ice hockey training camp begins at Kaza" 2790: 2532:"Cold Desert Cultural Landscape of India" 2257: 2018:Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 2014: 1132:and some other sites in the Spiti valley. 123:2,950–4,100 m (9,680–13,450 ft) 3470:The HJ/55/12 THE CONTINUING STORY OF GYA 2687:. Library of Tibetan Works and Archives. 2502: 1826: 1715:Belleza, John Vincent (September 2017). 1373: 1206: 1198: 1190: 1032: 853: 552:activity in the past few million years. 492: 484: 411:Spiti became practically free after the 359: 350: 229: 3452: 3078:Exploring Kinnaur in the Trans-Himalaya 2758:Rahimzadeh, Aghaghia (1 January 2018). 2682: 2602:Sutherland, P.; Tsering, Tashi (2011). 2560: 1999: 1916:International Journal of Earth Sciences 1788: 1714: 1640: 1544:Spiti: Adventures in the Trans-Himalaya 1540: 355:Tabo Monastery viewed from monks' caves 16:River valley in Himachal Pradesh, India 3916:Geography of Lahaul and Spiti district 3903: 3585: 3286: 3268:from the original on 28 September 2022 3041: 2867:www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/ 2806:Agricultural Economics Research Review 2742: 2727: 2712: 2697: 2617:Bhattacherjee, K. (24 November 2022). 2482: 2415:"Draft Annual Tribal Sub-Plan 2018-19" 1846: 1800: 1770: 1755: 983: 899: 3636: 3287:Sharma, Dheeraj (14 September 2020). 3144: 2923:"Best in Travel 2018: top 10 regions" 2834: 2649: 2631:from the original on 25 November 2022 2478: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2455:from the original on 28 December 2022 2409: 2407: 2305:from the original on 28 December 2022 1842: 1840: 1838: 1058: 833:Hangrang sub-tehsil, Kinnaur district 3586:Sharma, Dheeraj (18 February 2013). 3494: 3329:from the original on 28 October 2022 2903:from the original on 23 January 2022 2816:from the original on 24 January 2023 2800:Sharma, H.R.; Chauhan, S.K. (2013). 2664:from the original on 25 January 2023 2337:from the original on 26 January 2023 2245:from the original on 24 October 2022 1981:from the original on 20 October 2019 1951:from the original on 21 January 2023 1879:from the original on 26 October 2021 1867:"District Lahaul and Spiti: History" 1710: 1708: 328:to the south and Kullu to the west. 3598:from the original on 15 August 2022 3537:from the original on 12 August 2022 3507:from the original on 12 August 2022 3419:from the original on 11 August 2022 3389:from the original on 11 August 2022 3359:from the original on 14 August 2022 3299:from the original on 11 August 2022 3238:from the original on 11 August 2022 3192:from the original on 24 August 2022 3126:from the original on 11 August 2022 3113: 3042:Sharma, Ashwani (3 December 2021). 2933:from the original on 11 August 2022 2873:from the original on 13 August 2022 2427:from the original on 1 October 2022 2274:from the original on 14 August 2022 2215:from the original on 12 August 2022 2041:Journal Geological Society of India 1971:"Khab, Himachal, OpenStreetMap.org" 13: 3567:from the original on 7 August 2022 3095:from the original on 13 April 2023 3075:Deepak Sanan; Dhanu Swadi (2002). 3023:from the original on 18 April 2022 2993:from the original on 22 March 2019 2843:from the original on 4 August 2022 2583:from the original on 4 August 2022 2467: 2404: 2180:from the original on 6 August 2022 2128:from the original on 6 August 2022 2097:from the original on 6 August 2022 2032: 2008: 1847:Pandey, Abhimanyu (23 June 2024). 1835: 1737:from the original on 9 August 2022 1365:festivals were organised in Spiti. 1361:In January 2019 and January 2020, 1294:Mane Gogma and Mane Yogma villages 1279:Langza village & Budhha statue 1041: 829:for the national-level Lok Sabha. 634: 432: 14: 3937: 3854:Gyuto Tantric Monastic University 3614: 3476:from the original on 15 June 2022 3159:from the original on 18 July 2022 3081:. Indus Publishing. p. 276. 3056:from the original on 18 July 2022 2835:Lenin, Janaki (17 October 2016). 2392:from the original on 23 July 2022 2205:"Ecosphere Spiti Eco-Livelihoods" 2115: 1749: 1705: 1673:from the original on 3 April 2023 1516:. Circle B Press. 2013. Atlanta. 1414: 909:The local people of Spiti follow 892:All foreign nationals require an 786: 617: 107:Location of Spiti Valley in India 3620: 2776:10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.10.025 2542:from the original on 27 May 2022 2168:Sangomla, Akshit; Sajwan, Raju. 1831:. London: W.H. Allen & Sons. 1617:from the original on 3 June 2021 1500:. Vajra Publications, Kathmandu. 1386:in Spiti include the following: 1335: 1128:masters, was partly shot at the 597:. This was later renamed as the 93: 86: 60: 53: 36: 3579: 3549: 3519: 3488: 3458: 3431: 3401: 3371: 3341: 3311: 3280: 3250: 3224: 3171: 3138: 3107: 3068: 3035: 3005: 2975: 2945: 2915: 2885: 2855: 2828: 2751: 2736: 2721: 2706: 2691: 2676: 2643: 2610: 2595: 2569: 2554: 2523: 2496: 2378: 2317: 2227: 2161: 2140: 2109: 2079: 1993: 1963: 1859: 1607:"Losar - Chango, OpenStreetMap" 1572:Spiti: through Legend and Lore. 1514:"Six Weeks in the Spiti Valley" 1490: 1319:Best time to visit Spiti Valley 284:, on the west and southwest by 3145:Bisht, Gaurav (16 July 2022). 2959:. 16 June 2020. Archived from 2650:Bisht, G. (28 November 2022). 1872:Government of Himachal Pradesh 1794: 1764: 1646: 1599: 1161: 805:district headquarters lies at 389:of the Tibetan royal lineage. 1: 3495:Paul, Abhirup (8 June 2020). 2563:Spiti through Legend and Lore 1592: 1526:Francke, A. H. (1914, 1926). 1512:Ciliberto, Jonathan. (2013). 1268:and Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary 823:Lahaul and Spiti constituency 94: 61: 2957:National Geographic Magazine 2536:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1503:Besch, Nils Florian (2006). 1485:National Highway 505 (India) 1431:- the highest peak in Spiti. 601:by Hayden (1908) and as the 480: 379:Second Diffusion of Buddhism 318: 77:Show map of Himachal Pradesh 42:Spiti River upstream of Kaza 7: 3911:Valleys of Himachal Pradesh 3013:"Spiti Valley Circuit Tour" 2049:Geological Society of India 2002:Western Himalayas and Tibet 1561:Mishra, Charudutt. (2001). 1528:Antiquities of Indian Tibet 1473: 1369: 904: 580:movement of tectonic plates 10: 3942: 2863:"Samuel Bourne's Himalaya" 2743:Jahoda, Christian (2015). 2698:Jahoda, Christian (2015). 2565:. New Delhi: Mosaic Books. 2026:Geological Survey of India 1849:"Spiti's forgotten bridge" 1801:Jahoda, Christian (2015). 1771:Jahoda, Christian (2015). 1756:Jahoda, Christian (2015). 1584:Gavali, Ravindra. (2003). 1581:. Kaveri Books, New Delhi. 1570:Thukral, Kishore. (2006). 1533:Jahoda, Christian. (2015) 1186: 1152: 1117:The Tibetan language film 782:Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary. 608: 572: 346: 292:, and on the southeast by 18: 3862: 3778: 3722: 3701: 3670: 3664:Lahaul and Spiti district 3349:"Spiti Holiday Adventure" 3120:Tribuneindia News Service 3049:Outlook (Indian magazine) 2561:Thukral, Kishore (2006). 2065:10.1007/s12594-011-0082-8 1937:10.1007/s00531-013-0871-y 1827:Harcourt, A.F.P. (1871). 1724:Revue d'Études Tibétaines 1480:Lahaul and Spiti district 1464: 1327: 1203:Kibber village, June 2018 1195:Chicham bridge, June 2018 849: 770:Tetraogallus himalayensis 459:Punjab Reorganisation Act 234:View of Spiti Valley and 218: 178: 162: 152: 142: 132: 127: 119: 47: 35: 30: 3880:Manali, Himachal Pradesh 2000:Thomson, Thomas (1852). 1574:Mosaic Books, New Delhi. 1567:(Doctoral dissertation). 1541:Kapadia, Harish (1999). 1509:(Doctoral dissertation). 1304:Pin Valley National Park 946:nunneries in Mud village 452:Post-Independence period 343:established their rule. 3353:Spiti Holiday Adventure 3114:Service, Tribune News. 2812:(Conference): 173–179. 1496:Banach, Benti. (2010). 1009:Traditional livelihoods 585:The Moravian geologist 413:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal War 238:in winter, January 2008 3561:www.dangerousroads.org 2683:Tropper, Kurt (2008). 2209:www.spitiecosphere.com 2174:www.downtoearth.org.in 1379: 1215: 1204: 1196: 1078:The climax episode of 1038: 962:Tibetan Tantric school 863: 647:Dactylorhiza hatagirea 501: 490: 356: 239: 21:Spiti (disambiguation) 3921:Former principalities 3527:"Spiti Half Marathon" 3379:"Pin Bhaba Pass Trek" 2897:Archivio Storico Luce 2606:. Pitt Rivers Museum. 2333:. 18 September 2018. 1377: 1344:In December 2019, an 1238:and Dhankar monastery 1210: 1202: 1194: 1036: 857: 605:by Srikantia (1981). 496: 488: 425:rule (as part of the 360:Pre-historical period 354: 233: 202:32.24694°N 78.05222°E 3629:at Wikimedia Commons 2093:. 15 November 2017. 1382:Some of the popular 1285:(Serkhang Monastery) 406:the rulers of Ladakh 19:For other uses, see 2989:. 3 February 2019. 2241:. 2 February 2022. 2057:2011JGSI...78..263P 1929:2013IJEaS.102.1967S 1145:National Geographic 984:Social organisation 967:Nawang Tashi Rapten 900:Society and culture 722:Canis lupus laniger 690:Capra ibex sibirica 587:Ferdinand Stoliczka 466:annexation of Tibet 198: / 3875:Leh–Manali Highway 3409:"Pin Parvati Pass" 3262:www.townscript.com 3216:has generic name ( 2091:The Indian Express 1588:(Doctoral Thesis). 1380: 1216: 1205: 1197: 1059:In popular culture 1039: 864: 827:Mandi constituency 766:Himalayan snowcock 762:Alectronics chukor 519:South-West monsoon 502: 491: 439:Treaty of Amritsar 357: 288:, on the south by 240: 207:32.24694; 78.05222 163:Population centers 3898: 3897: 3625:Media related to 3531:World's Marathons 3319:"Raacho Trekkers" 3019:. 21 April 2022. 2963:on 11 August 2022 2503:V. Verma (1997). 2235:"Raacho Trekkers" 1975:OpenStreetMap.org 1522:978-0-9659336-6-7 1448:Chocho Kang Nilda 1378:Kanamo twin peaks 1283:Lhalung Monastery 894:inner line permit 878:altitude sickness 772:), and a host of 746:Gyps himalayensis 742:Himalayan friffon 738:Gypaetus barbatus 678:, Hipopheae, and 394:Lhachen Palgyigon 228: 227: 110:Show map of India 3933: 3926:Regions of Tibet 3723:Cities and towns 3657: 3650: 3643: 3634: 3633: 3624: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3523: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3435: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3345: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3215: 3211: 3209: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3039: 3033: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3009: 3003: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2979: 2973: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2949: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2797: 2788: 2787: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2647: 2641: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2558: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2480: 2465: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2443: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2426: 2419: 2411: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2356: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2293: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2264: 2255: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2231: 2225: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2201: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2165: 2159: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2144: 2138: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2113: 2107: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2047:(3). Bangalore: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2012: 2006: 2005: 1997: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1967: 1961: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1923:(7): 1967–1984. 1906: 1889: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1844: 1833: 1832: 1824: 1807: 1806: 1798: 1792: 1786: 1777: 1776: 1768: 1762: 1761: 1753: 1747: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1736: 1721: 1712: 1703: 1702: 1696: 1692: 1690: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1650: 1644: 1638: 1627: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1603: 1558: 1126:Tibetan Buddhist 911:Tibetan Buddhism 840:Kinnaur district 802:Lahaul and Spiti 758:Chukar partridge 302:Tibetan Buddhism 266:Himachal Pradesh 213: 212: 210: 209: 208: 203: 199: 196: 195: 194: 191: 157:Lahaul and Spiti 147:Himachal Pradesh 111: 97: 96: 90: 78: 64: 63: 57: 40: 28: 27: 3941: 3940: 3936: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3901: 3900: 3899: 3894: 3858: 3774: 3718: 3697: 3666: 3661: 3617: 3612: 3611: 3601: 3599: 3592:Devil On Wheels 3584: 3580: 3570: 3568: 3555: 3554: 3550: 3540: 3538: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3510: 3508: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3464: 3463: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3436: 3432: 3422: 3420: 3407: 3406: 3402: 3392: 3390: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3362: 3360: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3332: 3330: 3323:Raacho Trekkers 3317: 3316: 3312: 3302: 3300: 3293:Devil On Wheels 3285: 3281: 3271: 3269: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3241: 3239: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3213: 3212: 3203: 3202: 3195: 3193: 3185:Hindustan Times 3176: 3172: 3162: 3160: 3152:Hindustan Times 3143: 3139: 3129: 3127: 3112: 3108: 3098: 3096: 3089: 3073: 3069: 3059: 3057: 3040: 3036: 3026: 3024: 3017:Raacho Trekkers 3011: 3010: 3006: 2996: 2994: 2987:Being Himalayan 2981: 2980: 2976: 2966: 2964: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2936: 2934: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2906: 2904: 2891: 2890: 2886: 2876: 2874: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2833: 2829: 2819: 2817: 2798: 2791: 2764:Land Use Policy 2756: 2752: 2741: 2737: 2728:Tobdan (2015). 2726: 2722: 2713:Tobdan (2015). 2711: 2707: 2696: 2692: 2681: 2677: 2667: 2665: 2657:Hindustan Times 2648: 2644: 2634: 2632: 2615: 2611: 2600: 2596: 2586: 2584: 2575: 2574: 2570: 2559: 2555: 2545: 2543: 2528: 2524: 2517: 2501: 2497: 2489: 2481: 2468: 2458: 2456: 2445: 2444: 2440: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2417: 2413: 2412: 2405: 2395: 2393: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2369: 2367: 2366:on 10 June 2008 2358: 2357: 2350: 2340: 2338: 2323: 2322: 2318: 2308: 2306: 2295: 2294: 2287: 2277: 2275: 2266: 2265: 2258: 2248: 2246: 2239:Raacho Trekkers 2233: 2232: 2228: 2218: 2216: 2203: 2202: 2193: 2183: 2181: 2166: 2162: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2145: 2141: 2131: 2129: 2116:Lenin, Janaki. 2114: 2110: 2100: 2098: 2085: 2084: 2080: 2037: 2033: 2013: 2009: 1998: 1994: 1984: 1982: 1969: 1968: 1964: 1954: 1952: 1907: 1892: 1882: 1880: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1845: 1836: 1825: 1810: 1799: 1795: 1787: 1780: 1769: 1765: 1754: 1750: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1719: 1713: 1706: 1694: 1693: 1684: 1683: 1676: 1674: 1667: 1651: 1647: 1639: 1630: 1620: 1618: 1605: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1577:Tobdan. (2015) 1555: 1493: 1476: 1467: 1417: 1372: 1338: 1330: 1321: 1189: 1164: 1155: 1080:Rudyard Kipling 1061: 1044: 1042:Local festivals 1011: 1002:Scheduled Tribe 986: 944:monastery, and 907: 902: 852: 835: 798: 789: 754:Aquia chryaetos 714:Ochotana roylei 637: 635:Flora and fauna 620: 611: 595:Muth succession 575: 483: 454: 443:Punjab Province 435: 433:Colonial period 371: 362: 349: 321: 307:Traditionally, 245:(pronounced as 206: 204: 200: 197: 192: 189: 187: 185: 184: 174:, Sumdo, Chango 120:Floor elevation 115: 114: 113: 112: 109: 108: 105: 104: 103: 102: 98: 81: 80: 79: 76: 75: 72: 71: 70: 69: 65: 43: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3939: 3929: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3866: 3864: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3726: 3724: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3705: 3703: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3667: 3660: 3659: 3652: 3645: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3616: 3615:External links 3613: 3610: 3609: 3578: 3548: 3518: 3487: 3457: 3445: 3430: 3413:indiahikes.com 3400: 3383:indiahikes.com 3370: 3340: 3310: 3279: 3249: 3223: 3170: 3137: 3106: 3087: 3067: 3034: 3004: 2974: 2944: 2914: 2899:(in Italian). 2884: 2854: 2827: 2789: 2750: 2735: 2720: 2705: 2690: 2675: 2642: 2609: 2594: 2568: 2553: 2522: 2515: 2495: 2466: 2438: 2403: 2377: 2348: 2316: 2285: 2256: 2226: 2191: 2160: 2139: 2108: 2078: 2031: 2007: 1992: 1962: 1890: 1858: 1834: 1808: 1793: 1778: 1763: 1748: 1704: 1665: 1645: 1643:, p. 209. 1628: 1597: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1589: 1582: 1575: 1568: 1559: 1553: 1538: 1531: 1524: 1510: 1501: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1482: 1475: 1472: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1451: 1444: 1438: 1432: 1416: 1415:Mountaineering 1413: 1412: 1411: 1402:The trek from 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1359: 1353: 1337: 1334: 1329: 1326: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1313:Tabo Monastery 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1280: 1277: 1272: 1269: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1247: 1245:Hikkim village 1242: 1239: 1233: 1227: 1226:Chicham Bridge 1188: 1185: 1163: 1160: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1149: 1140: 1133: 1115: 1089: 1076: 1073:Giuseppe Tucci 1069: 1060: 1057: 1043: 1040: 1010: 1007: 985: 982: 906: 903: 901: 898: 851: 848: 834: 831: 797: 794: 788: 787:Administration 785: 718:Himalayan wolf 698:Panthera uncia 636: 633: 629:global warming 625:climate change 619: 618:Climate change 616: 610: 607: 603:Muth Formation 574: 571: 482: 479: 453: 450: 434: 431: 398:King of Ladakh 387:Kyide Nyimagon 383:Tabo monastery 370: 367: 361: 358: 348: 345: 320: 317: 296:. Spiti has a 226: 225: 220: 216: 215: 182: 176: 175: 164: 160: 159: 154: 150: 149: 144: 140: 139: 134: 130: 129: 125: 124: 121: 117: 116: 106: 100: 99: 92: 91: 85: 84: 83: 82: 73: 67: 66: 59: 58: 52: 51: 50: 49: 48: 45: 44: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3938: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3861: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3700: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3658: 3653: 3651: 3646: 3644: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3628: 3623: 3619: 3618: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3582: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3491: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3461: 3454: 3449: 3441: 3434: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3404: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3374: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3344: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3283: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3253: 3237: 3233: 3227: 3219: 3207: 3191: 3187: 3186: 3181: 3174: 3158: 3154: 3153: 3148: 3141: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3110: 3094: 3090: 3088:9788173871313 3084: 3080: 3079: 3071: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3045: 3038: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3008: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2978: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2948: 2932: 2928: 2927:Lonely Planet 2924: 2918: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2888: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2858: 2842: 2838: 2831: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2796: 2794: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2754: 2746: 2739: 2731: 2724: 2716: 2709: 2701: 2694: 2686: 2679: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2653: 2646: 2630: 2626: 2625: 2620: 2613: 2605: 2598: 2582: 2578: 2572: 2564: 2557: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2526: 2518: 2516:9788170189718 2512: 2508: 2507: 2499: 2488: 2487: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2454: 2450: 2449: 2442: 2423: 2416: 2410: 2408: 2391: 2387: 2381: 2365: 2361: 2355: 2353: 2336: 2332: 2331: 2330:OpenStreetMap 2326: 2320: 2304: 2300: 2299: 2292: 2290: 2273: 2269: 2263: 2261: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2230: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2164: 2149: 2143: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2112: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2082: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2035: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2011: 2003: 1996: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1966: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1912: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1878: 1874: 1873: 1868: 1862: 1854: 1850: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1830: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1804: 1797: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1774: 1767: 1759: 1752: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1718: 1711: 1709: 1700: 1688: 1672: 1668: 1666:9788189422363 1662: 1658: 1657: 1649: 1642: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1616: 1612: 1611:OpenStreetMap 1608: 1602: 1598: 1587: 1583: 1580: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1560: 1556: 1554:81-7387-093-4 1550: 1546: 1545: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1471: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1437: 1436:Manirang peak 1433: 1430: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1422: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1387: 1385: 1376: 1364: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1336:Winter sports 1333: 1325: 1314: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271:Komic village 1270: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1261:Key Monastery 1259: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241:Gue monastery 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1213: 1209: 1201: 1193: 1184: 1180: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1159: 1147: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1136:Lonely Planet 1134: 1131: 1130:Dhankar Gompa 1127: 1123: 1121: 1116: 1114: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1099: 1094: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1067: 1066:Samuel Bourne 1063: 1062: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1035: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1006: 1003: 998: 996: 992: 991:primogeniture 981: 979: 974: 972: 968: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 930: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 897: 895: 890: 888: 884: 879: 874: 869: 861: 856: 847: 845: 841: 830: 828: 824: 818: 815: 812: 811:Lahaul valley 808: 803: 793: 784: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 706:Vulpes vulpes 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 686:Siberian ibex 683: 682: 677: 676: 671: 670: 665: 664: 659: 655: 654: 649: 648: 643: 632: 630: 626: 615: 606: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 583: 581: 570: 568: 564: 559: 553: 551: 547: 544:deposits and 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 522: 520: 516: 513:at Khab. The 512: 508: 500: 495: 487: 478: 476: 472: 467: 462: 460: 449: 446: 444: 440: 430: 428: 424: 419: 414: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 390: 388: 384: 380: 376: 366: 353: 344: 342: 338: 334: 329: 327: 316: 314: 310: 305: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 237: 236:Key Monastery 232: 224: 221: 217: 211: 183: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 158: 155: 151: 148: 145: 141: 138: 135: 131: 126: 122: 118: 89: 56: 46: 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 3885:Chandra Taal 3804:Guru Ghantal 3678:Baralacha La 3627:Spiti Valley 3600:. Retrieved 3591: 3581: 3569:. Retrieved 3560: 3551: 3539:. Retrieved 3530: 3521: 3509:. Retrieved 3500: 3490: 3478:. Retrieved 3469: 3460: 3455:, p. 9. 3453:Kapadia 1999 3448: 3433: 3421:. Retrieved 3412: 3403: 3391:. Retrieved 3382: 3373: 3361:. Retrieved 3352: 3343: 3331:. Retrieved 3322: 3313: 3301:. Retrieved 3292: 3282: 3270:. Retrieved 3261: 3252: 3240:. Retrieved 3226: 3194:. Retrieved 3183: 3173: 3161:. Retrieved 3150: 3140: 3128:. Retrieved 3119: 3109: 3097:. Retrieved 3077: 3070: 3058:. Retrieved 3047: 3037: 3025:. Retrieved 3016: 3007: 2995:. Retrieved 2986: 2977: 2965:. Retrieved 2961:the original 2956: 2947: 2935:. Retrieved 2926: 2917: 2905:. Retrieved 2896: 2887: 2875:. Retrieved 2866: 2857: 2845:. Retrieved 2830: 2818:. Retrieved 2809: 2805: 2767: 2763: 2753: 2744: 2738: 2729: 2723: 2714: 2708: 2699: 2693: 2684: 2678: 2666:. Retrieved 2655: 2645: 2633:. Retrieved 2622: 2612: 2603: 2597: 2585:. Retrieved 2571: 2562: 2556: 2544:. Retrieved 2525: 2505: 2498: 2485: 2457:. Retrieved 2447: 2441: 2429:. Retrieved 2394:. Retrieved 2380: 2370:28 September 2368:. Retrieved 2364:the original 2339:. Retrieved 2328: 2319: 2307:. Retrieved 2297: 2276:. Retrieved 2247:. Retrieved 2238: 2229: 2217:. Retrieved 2208: 2182:. Retrieved 2173: 2163: 2151:. Retrieved 2142: 2130:. Retrieved 2121: 2111: 2099:. Retrieved 2090: 2081: 2044: 2040: 2034: 2021: 2017: 2010: 2001: 1995: 1983:. Retrieved 1974: 1965: 1953:. Retrieved 1920: 1914: 1881:. Retrieved 1870: 1861: 1852: 1828: 1802: 1796: 1791:, Chapter 2. 1789:Kapadia 1999 1772: 1766: 1757: 1751: 1739:. Retrieved 1727: 1723: 1675:. Retrieved 1655: 1648: 1641:Kapadia 1999 1619:. Retrieved 1610: 1601: 1578: 1571: 1562: 1543: 1534: 1527: 1504: 1497: 1491:Bibliography 1468: 1421:mountaineers 1418: 1381: 1363:ice-climbing 1339: 1331: 1322: 1236:Dhankar Lake 1230:Chandra Taal 1221: 1217: 1181: 1169: 1165: 1156: 1144: 1118: 1109: 1102: 1096: 1084: 1045: 1012: 999: 987: 975: 931: 908: 891: 865: 836: 819: 816: 799: 790: 777: 769: 761: 753: 750:golden eagle 745: 737: 729: 721: 713: 705: 697: 694:snow leopard 689: 679: 675:Rosa sericea 673: 668: 662: 651: 645: 642:Seabuckthorn 638: 621: 612: 602: 598: 594: 584: 576: 554: 538:lower valley 537: 536:slopes. The 526:upper valley 525: 523: 503: 463: 455: 447: 436: 410: 391: 372: 363: 330: 322: 306: 277: 262:Indian state 246: 242: 241: 25: 3779:Monasteries 3735:Zingzingbar 3501:Vargis Khan 3214:|last= 2770:: 570–579. 2635:25 November 2051:: 263–270. 1853:The Tribune 1695:|work= 1454:Reo Purgyil 1442:Shilla peak 1404:Reckong Peo 1346:ice-skating 1299:Mud village 1275:Kunzum Pass 1162:Agriculture 862:, June 2018 844:Reckong Peo 774:rosefinches 734:lammergeier 599:Muth System 591:Mud village 550:neotectonic 542:sedimentary 499:Kunzum Pass 427:Sikh Empire 396:became the 375:Zhang Zhung 333:Mahabharata 309:agriculture 298:cold desert 278:Spiti River 223:Spiti river 205: / 180:Coordinates 3905:Categories 3693:Rohtang La 3333:28 October 2820:24 January 2668:25 January 2546:2 February 2459:26 January 2341:26 January 2309:26 January 2249:28 October 1955:21 January 1883:15 October 1677:30 January 1593:References 1350:ice-hockey 1311:Caves and 1212:Pin valley 954:Pin Valley 932:The Tabo, 778:Corpodacus 660:(Khamad), 437:Under the 193:78°03′08″E 190:32°14′49″N 3890:Suraj Tal 3800:Gozzangwa 3688:Kunzum La 3602:15 August 3571:15 August 3541:12 August 3511:12 August 3480:12 August 3423:11 August 3393:11 August 3363:11 August 3303:11 August 3272:12 August 3242:11 August 3206:cite news 3196:24 August 3130:11 August 2967:11 August 2937:11 August 2907:14 August 2877:13 August 2784:0264-8377 2624:The Hindu 2396:14 August 2278:14 August 2219:12 August 2073:129814827 1945:129143186 1730:: 56–85. 1697:ignored ( 1687:cite book 1621:31 August 1093:Bollywood 1082:'s novel 1019:green pea 995:polyandry 980:village. 669:Artemisia 507:Kunzum La 481:Geography 341:Sen kings 319:Etymology 255:Himalayas 128:Geography 3863:See also 3791:Gandhola 3596:Archived 3565:Archived 3535:Archived 3505:Archived 3474:Archived 3417:Archived 3387:Archived 3357:Archived 3327:Archived 3297:Archived 3266:Archived 3236:Archived 3190:Archived 3157:Archived 3124:Archived 3099:29 March 3093:Archived 3054:Archived 3027:21 April 3021:Archived 2997:22 March 2991:Archived 2931:Archived 2901:Archived 2871:Archived 2847:4 August 2841:Archived 2814:Archived 2662:Archived 2629:Archived 2587:4 August 2581:Archived 2540:Archived 2453:Archived 2431:4 August 2422:Archived 2390:Archived 2335:Archived 2303:Archived 2272:Archived 2243:Archived 2213:Archived 2184:6 August 2178:Archived 2153:6 August 2132:6 August 2126:Archived 2122:The Wire 2101:6 August 2095:Archived 2028:: 1–154. 1979:Archived 1949:Archived 1877:Archived 1741:4 August 1732:Archived 1671:Archived 1615:Archived 1474:See also 1429:Gya peak 1370:Trekking 1214:in Spiti 1120:Milarepa 971:tonsured 905:Religion 681:Lonicera 658:ratanjot 653:Aconitum 558:Manirang 259:northern 153:District 3844:Tangyud 3834:Shashur 3829:Lhalung 3809:Kardang 3786:Dhankar 3730:Keylong 3702:Valleys 3163:18 July 3060:18 July 2325:"Sumdo" 2053:Bibcode 1985:14 June 1925:Bibcode 1252:village 1187:Tourism 1153:Economy 1104:Highway 1095:movies 1049:chhaang 978:Lhalung 958:Nyingma 938:Dhankar 923:Nyingma 868:Kinnaur 807:Kyelang 730:Mustela 726:weasels 724:), and 702:red fox 700:), the 692:), the 663:Ephedra 627:due to 609:Climate 573:Geology 546:bedrock 347:History 326:Bushahr 313:tourism 294:Kinnaur 214: 166:Losar, 133:Country 3870:Ladakh 3824:Kungri 3819:Kibber 3745:Darcha 3740:Sarchu 3709:Lahaul 3671:Passes 3085: 2782: 2513: 2071: 1943: 1663: 1551: 1520: 1465:Others 1458:massif 1450:(CCKN) 1356:Skiing 1328:Sports 1266:Kibber 1172:Kibber 1111:Kesari 1015:barley 942:Kungri 936:, and 925:, and 883:NH-505 860:NH-505 850:Access 511:Satluj 475:Shimla 471:Manali 402:Ladakh 337:dacoit 286:Lahaul 282:Ladakh 3849:Tayul 3796:Gemur 3760:Tinno 3755:Sissu 3750:Jispa 3714:Spiti 3683:Bhaba 2490:(PDF) 2425:(PDF) 2418:(PDF) 2069:S2CID 1941:S2CID 1735:(PDF) 1720:(PDF) 1384:treks 1289:Losar 1250:Demul 1139:2017. 1027:Gaddi 950:Komik 927:Sakya 919:Gelug 915:Tibet 534:scree 530:Losar 528:from 423:Dogra 290:Kullu 274:India 270:Tibet 251:Bhoti 243:Spiti 219:River 143:State 137:India 101:Spiti 68:Spiti 31:Spiti 3839:Tabo 3770:Tabo 3765:Kaza 3604:2022 3573:2022 3543:2022 3513:2022 3482:2022 3425:2022 3395:2022 3365:2022 3335:2022 3305:2022 3274:2022 3244:2022 3218:help 3198:2022 3165:2022 3132:2022 3101:2023 3083:ISBN 3062:2022 3029:2022 2999:2019 2969:2022 2939:2022 2909:2022 2879:2022 2849:2022 2822:2023 2780:ISSN 2670:2023 2637:2022 2589:2022 2548:2023 2511:ISBN 2461:2023 2433:2022 2398:2022 2372:2008 2343:2023 2311:2023 2280:2022 2251:2022 2221:2022 2186:2022 2155:2022 2134:2022 2103:2022 1987:2020 1957:2023 1885:2021 1743:2022 1699:help 1679:2023 1661:ISBN 1623:2020 1549:ISBN 1518:ISBN 1440:The 1434:The 1427:The 1348:and 1309:Tabo 1256:Kaza 1232:lake 1177:Kaza 1142:The 1108:and 1098:Paap 1053:arak 1051:and 1023:yaks 887:Nako 873:Atal 710:pika 567:Tabo 565:and 563:Kaza 473:and 464:The 272:and 247:Piti 172:Tabo 168:Kaza 3814:Key 2772:doi 2061:doi 1933:doi 1921:102 1446:Mt 1408:Leo 1085:Kim 934:Key 764:), 756:), 748:), 740:), 716:), 708:), 515:Pin 461:. 418:Leh 264:of 249:in 3907:: 3594:. 3590:. 3563:. 3559:. 3533:. 3529:. 3503:. 3499:. 3472:. 3468:. 3415:. 3411:. 3385:. 3381:. 3355:. 3351:. 3325:. 3321:. 3295:. 3291:. 3264:. 3260:. 3234:. 3210:: 3208:}} 3204:{{ 3188:. 3182:. 3155:. 3149:. 3122:. 3118:. 3091:. 3052:. 3046:. 3015:. 2985:. 2955:. 2929:. 2925:. 2895:. 2869:. 2865:. 2839:. 2810:26 2808:. 2804:. 2792:^ 2778:. 2768:70 2766:. 2762:. 2660:. 2654:. 2627:. 2621:. 2579:. 2538:. 2534:. 2469:^ 2420:. 2406:^ 2388:. 2351:^ 2327:. 2288:^ 2270:. 2259:^ 2237:. 2211:. 2207:. 2194:^ 2176:. 2172:. 2124:. 2120:. 2089:. 2067:. 2059:. 2045:78 2043:. 2024:. 2020:. 1977:. 1973:. 1947:. 1939:. 1931:. 1919:. 1913:. 1893:^ 1875:. 1869:. 1851:. 1837:^ 1811:^ 1781:^ 1728:41 1726:. 1722:. 1707:^ 1691:: 1689:}} 1685:{{ 1669:. 1631:^ 1613:. 1609:. 921:, 846:. 666:, 656:, 650:, 644:, 582:. 569:. 477:. 304:. 170:, 3656:e 3649:t 3642:v 3606:. 3575:. 3545:. 3515:. 3484:. 3442:. 3427:. 3397:. 3367:. 3337:. 3307:. 3276:. 3246:. 3220:) 3200:. 3167:. 3134:. 3103:. 3064:. 3031:. 3001:. 2971:. 2941:. 2911:. 2881:. 2851:. 2824:. 2786:. 2774:: 2672:. 2639:. 2591:. 2550:. 2519:. 2463:. 2435:. 2400:. 2374:. 2345:. 2313:. 2282:. 2253:. 2223:. 2188:. 2157:. 2136:. 2105:. 2075:. 2063:: 2055:: 2022:V 1989:. 1959:. 1935:: 1927:: 1887:. 1855:. 1745:. 1701:) 1681:. 1625:. 1557:. 1460:. 1122:, 1113:. 1106:, 1100:, 776:( 768:( 760:( 752:( 744:( 736:( 728:( 720:( 712:( 704:( 696:( 688:( 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index