Spiti - Knowledge

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noted three forms of alluvia in the Spiti valley. The first is deposits of fine clay. The second is triangular platforms that slope gently from the mountains to the river, usually ending in a steep cliff. The third are enormous masses of great depth, 120–180 m (400–600 ft) above the river bed. The river has cut deep gorges through these platforms. The latter two consist of clay, pebbles and boulders. Thomson speculated that the valley appeared to have been a lake bed in the past though he could not conceive mechanisms to explain the phenomena. Now, we know that the valley was uplifted from the ocean bed due to the

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and faster-melting glaciers endangers agriculture in the valley, which has only one agricultural season, being a high-altitude cold desert. Climate change is threatening the tradition of Gaddi shepherds' annual migrations to Spiti with their herds of goat and sheep. It is degrading the quality of the pastures, and the ice bridges that Gaddis with their flocks could earlier use to cross rivers while bypassing villages are now disappearing. Scientific studies back up the ground-level observations that

452:(1846), Spiti alongside Lahaul was split off from the erstwhile kingdom of Ladakh, and came under direct British administration. Mansukh Das, hereditary Wazir of Bushahr, was entrusted with the local administration of this region from 1846 to 1848. The Wazir had to pay the British revenue of only Rs. 700 annually for the whole of Spiti. In 1849, Spiti came directly under the control of the Assistant Commissioner, Kooloo (Kullu). Kullu was a sub-division of the Kangra district, of the 1219: 1008:. Similarly, among women, by custom, only the eldest daughter would marry in earlier times. In some cases, younger daughters would become nuns. In others, they would stay at home either with their parents or the eldest brother, and were valuable additional work hands. In many cases, they died spinsters. Polyandry was prevalent until a few decades ago; its practice has almost disappeared now. Monogamy and nuclear families prevail nowadays. 3633: 106: 73: 376:

categorized, based on differences of the designs depicted, into the following periods: the Late Bronze Age (c.1500–800 BCE), the early Iron Age (c.800–500 BCE), the Iron Age (c.500–100 BCE), the Protohistoric period (100 BCE–650 CE), Early Historic Period (650–1000 CE), Vestigial Period (1000–1300 CE), and the Late Historical Period (post-1300 CE).

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garden peas, covered about 27% of the surveyed area, increasing to 47% by 2000. Some of the main reasons for adoption of new crops included better road connectivity and transport to reach markets, declining demand for traditional crops, and availability of hybrid seeds and favourable micro-climatic niches. A few farmers near

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in the upper valley to Tabo and Lari in the lower valley, was conducted in 2007–2009 by agricultural scientists. It was found that up to 1980, the important five crops were black pea, potato, barley (hulless and covered) and wheat. By 1990, farmers had diversified to nine crops. One of the new crops,

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Villagers in Spiti, especially those in higher villages like Komik, Kibber, Lhangza etc., claim that in recent decades, glaciers have been melting faster, and the quantity of snowfall has decreased. Villages in Spiti are dependent entirely on snowmelt water from winter snows and glaciers. Lesser snow

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Road access has been noted as being vital to Spiti's cash crop economy, as the harvest is almost entirely sold in distant markets in the north Indian plains. Interruptions in road access caused by landslides during the post-harvest season, which overlaps with the monsoon season, can adversely affect

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Some significant local festivities in Spiti include the Guitor at Kyi Gonpa (July), Ladarcha fair (mid-August), Spiti Losar (around November), Thuckchu (winter solstice in December), Dachang (around February), and Sia Mentok (around February). All these festivals have been traditionally tied up with

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in Spiti. The Shimla to Spiti route is advised for travelers coming from lower altitudes as it gives them enough time to get acclimatized to the high altitude. This is because the road runs parallel to the Sutlej river initially, climbing steadily to 2,550 m (8,370 ft) at the confluence of

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Spiti supports only one crop/year, in the period May – September. An administrator in 1871 reported that yaks were used for ploughing and the main crops were a fine hexagonal wheat, peas, mustard and two kinds of barley. As the Spiti river has eroded channels well below the valley floor, crops are

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Spiti valley is arid as it is situated in the monsoon rain shadow of the Himalayas. The average annual rainfall is about 50 mm (2.0 in) with snowfall less than 200 cm (6.6 ft). Sporadically, there may be up to 15 mm (0.59 in) rainfall in a day resulting in erosion and

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The best time to visit Spiti Valley is May to October. During this summer season, Spiti is accessible from Manali and from Shimla. In winters the road from Manali is closed for almost 6 months due to heavy snowfall. Spiti is accessible during most of the winter from Shimla. Besides tourists, many

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Traditionally, in Spiti, the society consisted of a hierarchy, with the Nonos (local aristocracy) at the top, the Chhazang (agriculturalists, practitioners of Tibetan medicine, and astrologers) in the middle, and the 'pyi-pa' (the separate endogamous groups of the 'Zo' blacksmiths and the 'Beda'

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Over millennia, the Spiti River and its tributaries such as the Pin River, have cut deep gorges in the uplifted sedimentary strata. As vegetation is sparse, the rock strata in the steep cliffs are easily visible to the geologist, without excavation or drilling. Thomson during his 1847 expedition

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Designated as one of the 'Tribal Areas' of Himachal Pradesh, Spiti is administered under the Single-Line Administration system, which facilitates direct communication between the Kaza administration and the higher levels of administration in Himachal Pradesh. Electorally, Spiti is a part of the

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There is evidence of very early human habitation in the Spiti valley, primarily through its rich heritage of pre-Buddhist rock art. Spiti's rock art is thought to have been produced over a wide period of time, with the earliest examples dating back nearly 3,000 years. Spiti's rock art has been

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sheep and goat herders who bring their animals for grazing. They come to Spiti from neighbouring regions and sometimes from as far as 250 km (160 mi) away. They enter the valley during summer as the snow melts and leave just a few days before the first snowfall of the winter season.

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district of Himachal Pradesh, the other one being the Lahaul sub-division. The sub-divisional headquarters (capital) of the Spiti sub-division of the Lahaul and Spiti district is Kaza, which is situated on the bank of the Spiti River at an elevation of about 3,650 m (11,980 ft). The

456:. In 1873 the Nono of Kyuling village, near Kaza, was delegated the responsibility of collecting revenue from Spiti for the British, and was also given some judicial powers. In 1941, Spiti was made part of the Lahaul tehsil (sub-division) of Kullu district, with its headquarters at Keylong. 824:

by These two divisions of Lahaul and Spiti district are connected by NH-505 over the high Kunzum Pass, at 4,590 m (15,060 ft). However, the Spiti sub-division is cut off from the district headquarters for 5–6 months in winter and spring as this road is cut off due to heavy snow.

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Cash-crop agriculture (of the green pea and apples), employment in state departments and development projects, and tourism are the main sources of income in the Spiti valley. Road accessibility has been of central importance to all these livelihoods and developmental activities.

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tunnel and Kunzum Pass. Kaza, the headquarters of the Spiti subdivision, is 201 km (125 mi) from Manali. The road joining Manali to Spiti is treacherous and in bad condition as compared to the Shimla to Spiti road. Due to the high altitude one is likely to feel

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The Spiti valley is located between the Kunzum range in the NW to Khab on the Sutlej river in Kinnaur in the SE. The Spiti River originates from the base of the 6,118 m (20,073 ft) K-111 peak. The Taktsi tributary flows out of the Nogpo-Topko glacier, near

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from Shimla on a difficult 412 km-long (256 mi) road. The Spiti subdivision of Lahaul and Spiti District starts at Sumdo (74 km (46 mi) from Kaza) which is quite near the India–China border. In summer Spiti can be reached via Manali through the

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The total area of the Spiti valley is 7,828.9 km (3,022.8 sq mi) and the total population in 2011 was 17,104 persons. Administratively, most of Spiti valley falls under Lahaul and Spiti district with a small part coming under Kinnaur district.

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Spiti is a high altitude cold desert located above the tree line, with only a few stunted willows and scattered trees in some villages. There are shrubs on the valley floor. Despite this, Spiti boasts of more than 450 species of plants. These include

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Stoliczka, F. (1866). "Geological Sections across the Himalayan Mountains from Wangtu Bridge on the River Sutlej to Sungdo on the Indus, with an account of the formations in Spiti, accompanied by a revision of all known fossils from that district".

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Spiti was opened to tourism in 1992. Since 2016, this region has witnessed a tourism boom. Over 2019, 64,700 Indian tourists and 3,612 foreign tourists visited Spiti via the Shimla route, while numbers were not available for the Manali route.

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as Governor, but he usually went away after the harvest time, leaving the local administration in the hands of the Wazir or Nono. There was a headman for a group of villages for day-to-day administrative affairs. Spiti briefly came under the

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listed Lahaul and Spiti district as a whole, with specific mentions of both Lahaul and Spiti regions, among the 'Top 10 regions' in the world that were considered the best for travel over 2018, in an article published online on October 23,

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Peak at 6,598 m (21,646 ft). The mountains are barren and largely devoid of trees except for a few stunted willows and scattered trees in a some villages. The main settlements along the Spiti River and its tributaries are

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After the formation of Lahaul & Spiti into a district in 1960, Spiti was formed into a sub-division with its headquarter at Kaza. Lahaul and Spiti district was merged with Himachal Pradesh on 1 November 1966 on enactment of the

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died on 24 December 2015, a search was started for his successor. In November 2022, the Nyingma sect located a boy in Rangrik village, Spiti who they believed to be the reincarnation of the late Rinpoche. The four-year old boy,

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Steep mountains rise to very high altitudes on either side of the Spiti River and its numerous tributaries. The highest peak in the Parung range to the NE has an altitude of 7,030 m (23,064 ft) and on the SW side, is

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of 1679–1683. This prompted Man Singh, Raja of Kullu, to invade Spiti and establish a loose control over this principality. Later on, in the 18th century, control once again passed back to Ladakh. An official was sent from

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The name "Spiti" is derived from "Piti", which means "the middle land" as the valley is surrounded on all sides by mountain ranges that separate it from former empires. These include Ladakh to the north, Tibet to the east,

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Cycling and running in Spiti's high altitudes are also undertaken by some visitors to Spiti. Driving cars and motorcycles on the roads leading to and within Spiti is considered an adventurous activity by many.

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by the Government of India. Nautor land rules have made it possible for those people to resort to law to get land, who by custom could not inherit and own land, just as in the neighbouring district of Kinnaur.

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The lower Spiti valley from the Sumdo bridge until the Spiti merges with the Sutlej river at Khab is called the Hangrang valley. This area forms the Hangrang sub-tehsil which is part of the Poo sub-division in

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by the People's Republic of China in 1951 turned Spiti into a sensitive region for the Indian government. Due to this, roads were built to Spiti over the 1950s-60s. By the 1970s, Spiti had road connectivity to

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Pandey, Abhimanyu (2023). "Fragile mountains, extreme winters, and bordering China: Interrogating the shaping of remoteness and connectivity through roads in a Himalayan borderland".

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The only built structure in Spiti which reflects colonial architecture is the Attargu suspension bridge, which was built in 1911 and formerly connected Spiti valley with Pin valley.

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The Spiti sub-division is spread over an area of 7,101.1 km (2,741.8 sq mi). According to the 2011 Census, the population of the Spiti sub-division is 12,445 persons.

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to Lingti, the river is braided with a very wide river bed, though the water channel is narrow. The valley floor has ancient sedimentary deposits, and the sides have extensive

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for a long time. Local rulers had the title of Nonos. They were either descendants of a native family of Spiti or chiefs sent to look after the affairs of Spiti by

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was for subsistence, but has shifted to cash crops in the past few decades. Spiti is a popular destination for photography, homestay tourism, and adventure

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training camp was organised for the first time in Spiti, in Kaza. In winter 2021–22, national ice-hockey and ice-skating championships were held in Kaza.

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musicians) at the bottom. Each of these groups tended to marry only among others of their own status. By custom, inheritance in Spiti has been through

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are locally prepared and very popular, both in festivals and on various occasions like birth, marriage, the celebration of some success, and death.

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that causes widespread rain in most parts of India from June to September. The river attains peak discharge in late summers due to glacier melting.

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environment. The valley and its surrounding regions are among the least populated regions of India. The Bhoti-speaking local population follows

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issue of July 2020 carried a long story on the snow leopards of Spiti, and the social, conservation, and tourism-related issues around them.

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Parcha, S.K.; Pandey, Shivani (September 2011). "Devonian Ichnofossils from the Farakah Muth Section of the Pin Valley, Spiti Himalaya".

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monasteries belong to the Sakya School. In the recent decades, nunneries have been established at Kwang, Morang, Pangmo, and Kungri. The

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runs from Lingti to Khab. Here, the meandering river has incised channels and gorges about 10–130 m (33–427 ft) deep in the

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to visit the Spiti valley. Earlier, Indian citizens also needed an Inner Line permit to visit Spiti, but this was abolished in 1992.

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Ecosystem structure and function in relation to grazing in the alpine landscape of cold desert (Spiti catchment, Himachal Pradesh)

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Every village in Spiti has a small temple, or 'Lhakhang'. A well-known Lakhang in Spiti is the 'Serkhang', or 'Golden Temple', at

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The Kanamo peak is a popular 5,960 m (19,550 ft) high mountain above Kibber village, whose summit people can trek to.

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and other herbs. The alpine pastures on the high plateaus of Spiti are home to a variety of small bushes and grasses including

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Spiti valley is an emerging destination for winter and ice sports, trekking and mountaineering, and adventure sports.

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landslides. The extreme temperatures are −25 °C (−13 °F) in winter and 15 °C (59 °F) in summer.

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Some believe that the name Piti is a contraction of Ashwapati, a legendary ruler of Pin Valley in the time of the

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schools of Tibetan Buddhism have a presence in the Spiti valley. Each of these schools has monasteries in Spiti.

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The Pin-Parvati pass trek, from Spiti into Kullu or the other way round, is considered a more challenging trek.

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After Kyide Nyimagon's death, Zanskar and Spiti were given to his youngest son Detsukgon, while the eldest son

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The founding inscription in the gSer khaṅ of Lalung (Spiti, Himachal Pradesh): edition and annoted translation

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Socio-economic organisation in a border area of Tibetan culture: Tabo, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

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Socio-economic organisation in a border area of Tibetan culture: Tabo, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

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Aktuelle Forschungsbeiträge zu Südasien - 12. Jahrestagung des AK Südasien, 21./22. Januar 2022, Bonn/online

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Socio-economic organisation in a border area of Tibetan culture. Tabo, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

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Socio-economic organisation in a border area of Tibetan culture. Tabo, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

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Socio-economic organisation in a border area of Tibetan culture. Tabo, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

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Socio-economic organisation in a border area of Tibetan culture: Tabo, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

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irrigated using long channels winding along the terrain, often for many miles, to bring water from streams.

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in Spiti in the 1860s. Stoliczka identified a number of layers or successions, one of which he named as the

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was built (996 CE). In the 10th century, Spiti was part of the kingdom of Ngari Khorsum, established by

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named Spiti Thakur. Based in Spiti valley, the Thakur gangs raided the upper parts of Kullu, before the

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Horticulture in Cold Desert Conditions with Particular Reference to Spiti Valley of Himachal Pradesh

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in the Satluj valley to Nako in the Spiti valley climbs steeply to the Hango Pass, then descends to

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The Parang La trek is a well-known trek for crossing from Spiti valley into Rupshu plains of Ladakh.

900:(elev. 3,620 m (11,880 ft)) before continuing to Kaza. NH-505 enters Lahaul at Kunzum La. 3890: 3246: 2993: 1314: 1255: 1222: 1086:'s expedition to Spiti and Western Tibet. The narration of this 46 minute-long video is in Italian. 972: 525: 481: 2459:

District Census Handbook: Kinnaur, Himachal -- Village and Town wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA)

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The upper Spiti valley and the lower valley up to Sumdo form one of the two sub-divisions of the

1421:(Liyo) on the south bank of the Spiti. The trail crosses the Spiti river and climbs up to Nako. 1048:

Performers of Spiti's traditional dance in traditional dresses posing during the Ladarcha fair.

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school. After Taklung Setrung Rinpoche, the head of the Nyingma sect and a noted scholar of the

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High altitude survival: Conflicts between pastoralism and wildlife in the Trans-Himalayas.

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among others. In terms of wildlife, among other species, the Spiti region is home to the

597: 496: 3023: 2181:"On thin ice: Less snow, high temperatures have upturned lives in Himalayan cold desert" 2067: 1939: 1596: 865: 3814: 3801: 3216: 2848:"How Climate Change is Affecting an Old Pastoral Tradition in Spiti – The Wire Science" 2279:"Geographical Area | District Lahaul and Spiti, Government of Himachal Pradesh | India" 2079: 1951: 1697: 1309: 1210: 1121: 1082:

Spiti was first filmed in 1933 by Eugenio Ghersi, a member of the Italian Tibetologist

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There is some evidence to show that Spiti was a part of the western Tibetan kingdom of

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have introduced apples, though the success rate is low owing to the low temperatures.

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cultivation. Animal husbandry, particularly in higher parts of Spiti, revolves around

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to induct him into his new position and he started his formal religious education.

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Winter sports in Spiti include ice-skating, ice-hockey, skiing, and ice-climbing.

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spp). Spiti is home to two protected areas, the Pin Valley National Park and the

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until the mid-7th century CE. Buddhism first came to Spiti, likely through the

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The Spiti emerges from a gorge to merge into the Satluj near Khab, June 2018.

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Tibetan medicine off the roads: Modernizing the work of the Amchi in Spiti

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Agriculture in Spiti has traditionally revolved around the cultivation of

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District Census Handbook: Kinnaur, Himachal -- Village and Town Directory

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Barren, high mountains with sparse vegetation along Spiti tributary near

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Spiti valley was the location for the shooting of some scenes in the

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Srivastava, P.; Ray, Y.; Phartiyal, B.; Sharma, A. (1 March 2013).

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has been adversely affecting the environment of the Spiti valley.

411:. After that, the history of Spiti was linked with the history of 279:. The name "Spiti" means "The middle land", i.e. the land between 3740: 1059: 981: 933: 878: 817: 712: 559:. Tributaries and other streams join at right angles, indicating 556: 529: 347: 336: 323: 2630:"Buddhist Nyingma sect finds 'reincarnation' of famous Rinpoche" 1099:, first published as a book in 1901, is set in the Spiti valley. 806: 3880: 3829: 3755: 3750: 3719: 3632: 3269:"Townscript | Online Event Registration and Ticketing Platform" 2203: 1574: 1509:

A Village Called Self-Awareness, life and times in Spiti Valley

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The Bhaba Pass trek in the Pin valley is a popular summer trek.

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Places in Spiti popular among tourists include the following:

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in the Pin valley belong to the Nyingma school. The Kaza and

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in the Lahaul valley. But the Spiti valley is separated from

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The period from the mid-7th century to the early 19th century

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a biographical adventure tale about one of the most famous

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agricultural and seasonal shifts. The alcoholic beverages

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of Spiti is home to the few surviving Buchen Lamas of the

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Permanent Delegation of India to UNESCO (15 April 2015).

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A survey of 10 villages in Spiti, ranging from Losar and

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The entire local population of Spiti is categorised as a

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There are two distinct parts of the Spiti valley. In the

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monasteries of Spiti belong to the Gelug school. The

3508:"Cycling in Spiti Valley - Experience of a Lifetime" 3457: 1840:

The Himalayan Districts of Kooloo, Lahoul and Spiti

1771:. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences. p. 37. 1079:, an early pioneer of photography in the Himalayas. 896:runs along the Spiti River, climbing steeply up to 877:Spiti valley is accessible throughout the year via 3449:Government of Himachal Pradesh (24 January 2023). 2365: 2363: 1664:A. S. Kashyap (2006). Dr. Satish K. Sharma (ed.). 1434:. Some of the significant peaks in Spiti include: 1329: 2612: 2302: 2300: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1905: 3913: 3188: 2728:. New Delhi: Kaveria Publishers. pp. 29–30. 2371:"Himachal Tourism - Lahaul & Spiti District" 1430:Spiti also has a number of peaks of interest to 1335:film-makers visit Spiti in winter for shooting. 520:150 km (93 mi), the Spiti ends in the 2615:Disciples of a Crazy Saint: The Buchen of Spiti 2360: 1728:"The Rock Art of Spiti. A General Introduction" 3189:HT Correspondent, Dharamsala (29 March 2022). 2450: 2297: 1902: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1369:can also be attempted during winters in Spiti. 743:spp). The avifauna of the region includes the 287:. Spiti incorporates mainly the valley of the 3673: 3659: 2810: 2627: 2015:. London: Reeve and Co. pp. 27, 123–124. 1663: 1075:Spiti was first photographed in the 1860s by 869:Deep gorge in alluvium bed, Spiti River, and 836:for the state-level Vidhan Sabha, and of the 807:Spiti sub-division, Lahaul and Spiti district 600:discovered a major geological formation near 392:into Tibet, and it was at this time that the 2806: 2804: 2273: 2271: 2049: 85:Location of Spiti Valley in Himachal Pradesh 2741:Spiti: a Study in Socio-Cultural Traditions 2520:. B.R. Publishing Corporation. p. 67. 1820: 1590:Spiti: a Study in Socio-Cultural Traditions 892:the Spiti and Satluj near Khab. From Khab, 462: 326:of various kinds, including winter sports. 268:, located in the north-eastern part of the 264:language) is a high-altitude region of the 3666: 3652: 3477:"The HJ/55/12 THE CONTINUING STORY OF GYA" 3451:"Kinnaur: Adventures: Reckong Peo to Nako" 2768: 2743:. New Delhi: Kaveri Books. pp. 36–37. 2726:Spiti: a Study in Socio-Cultural Relations 2517:Spiti: A Buddhist Land in Western Himalaya 2178: 1670:. New India Publishing. pp. 201–202. 1194:the pricing of Spiti's cash crop produce. 1019: 3127:"Ice hockey training camp begins at Kaza" 2801: 2543:"Cold Desert Cultural Landscape of India" 2268: 2029:Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 2025: 1143:and some other sites in the Spiti valley. 134:2,950–4,100 m (9,680–13,450 ft) 3481:The HJ/55/12 THE CONTINUING STORY OF GYA 2698:. Library of Tibetan Works and Archives. 2513: 1837: 1726:Belleza, John Vincent (September 2017). 1384: 1217: 1209: 1201: 1043: 864: 563:activity in the past few million years. 503: 495: 422:Spiti became practically free after the 370: 361: 240: 3463: 3089:Exploring Kinnaur in the Trans-Himalaya 2769:Rahimzadeh, Aghaghia (1 January 2018). 2693: 2613:Sutherland, P.; Tsering, Tashi (2011). 2571: 2010: 1927:International Journal of Earth Sciences 1799: 1725: 1651: 1555:Spiti: Adventures in the Trans-Himalaya 1551: 366:Tabo Monastery viewed from monks' caves 27:River valley in Himachal Pradesh, India 14: 3927:Geography of Lahaul and Spiti district 3914: 3596: 3297: 3279:from the original on 28 September 2022 3052: 2878:www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/ 2817:Agricultural Economics Research Review 2753: 2738: 2723: 2708: 2628:Bhattacherjee, K. (24 November 2022). 2493: 2426:"Draft Annual Tribal Sub-Plan 2018-19" 1857: 1811: 1781: 1766: 994: 910: 3647: 3298:Sharma, Dheeraj (14 September 2020). 3155: 2934:"Best in Travel 2018: top 10 regions" 2845: 2660: 2642:from the original on 25 November 2022 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2466:from the original on 28 December 2022 2420: 2418: 2316:from the original on 28 December 2022 1853: 1851: 1849: 1069: 844:Hangrang sub-tehsil, Kinnaur district 3597:Sharma, Dheeraj (18 February 2013). 3505: 3340:from the original on 28 October 2022 2914:from the original on 23 January 2022 2827:from the original on 24 January 2023 2811:Sharma, H.R.; Chauhan, S.K. (2013). 2675:from the original on 25 January 2023 2348:from the original on 26 January 2023 2256:from the original on 24 October 2022 1992:from the original on 20 October 2019 1962:from the original on 21 January 2023 1890:from the original on 26 October 2021 1878:"District Lahaul and Spiti: History" 1721: 1719: 339:to the south and Kullu to the west. 3609:from the original on 15 August 2022 3548:from the original on 12 August 2022 3518:from the original on 12 August 2022 3430:from the original on 11 August 2022 3400:from the original on 11 August 2022 3370:from the original on 14 August 2022 3310:from the original on 11 August 2022 3249:from the original on 11 August 2022 3203:from the original on 24 August 2022 3137:from the original on 11 August 2022 3124: 3053:Sharma, Ashwani (3 December 2021). 2944:from the original on 11 August 2022 2884:from the original on 13 August 2022 2438:from the original on 1 October 2022 2285:from the original on 14 August 2022 2226:from the original on 12 August 2022 2052:Journal Geological Society of India 1982:"Khab, Himachal, OpenStreetMap.org" 24: 3578:from the original on 7 August 2022 3106:from the original on 13 April 2023 3086:Deepak Sanan; Dhanu Swadi (2002). 3034:from the original on 18 April 2022 3004:from the original on 22 March 2019 2854:from the original on 4 August 2022 2594:from the original on 4 August 2022 2478: 2415: 2191:from the original on 6 August 2022 2139:from the original on 6 August 2022 2108:from the original on 6 August 2022 2043: 2019: 1858:Pandey, Abhimanyu (23 June 2024). 1846: 1748:from the original on 9 August 2022 1376:festivals were organised in Spiti. 1372:In January 2019 and January 2020, 1305:Mane Gogma and Mane Yogma villages 1290:Langza village & Budhha statue 1052: 840:for the national-level Lok Sabha. 645: 443: 25: 3948: 3865:Gyuto Tantric Monastic University 3625: 3487:from the original on 15 June 2022 3170:from the original on 18 July 2022 3092:. Indus Publishing. p. 276. 3067:from the original on 18 July 2022 2846:Lenin, Janaki (17 October 2016). 2403:from the original on 23 July 2022 2216:"Ecosphere Spiti Eco-Livelihoods" 2126: 1760: 1716: 1684:from the original on 3 April 2023 1527:. Circle B Press. 2013. Atlanta. 1425: 920:The local people of Spiti follow 903:All foreign nationals require an 797: 628: 118:Location of Spiti Valley in India 3631: 2787:10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.10.025 2553:from the original on 27 May 2022 2179:Sangomla, Akshit; Sajwan, Raju. 1842:. London: W.H. Allen & Sons. 1628:from the original on 3 June 2021 1511:. Vajra Publications, Kathmandu. 1397:in Spiti include the following: 1346: 1139:masters, was partly shot at the 608:. This was later renamed as the 104: 97: 71: 64: 47: 3590: 3560: 3530: 3499: 3469: 3442: 3412: 3382: 3352: 3322: 3291: 3261: 3235: 3182: 3149: 3118: 3079: 3046: 3016: 2986: 2956: 2926: 2896: 2866: 2839: 2762: 2747: 2732: 2717: 2702: 2687: 2654: 2621: 2606: 2580: 2565: 2534: 2507: 2389: 2328: 2238: 2172: 2151: 2120: 2090: 2004: 1974: 1870: 1618:"Losar - Chango, OpenStreetMap" 1583:Spiti: through Legend and Lore. 1525:"Six Weeks in the Spiti Valley" 1501: 1330:Best time to visit Spiti Valley 295:, on the west and southwest by 3156:Bisht, Gaurav (16 July 2022). 2970:. 16 June 2020. Archived from 2661:Bisht, G. (28 November 2022). 1883:Government of Himachal Pradesh 1805: 1775: 1657: 1610: 1172: 816:district headquarters lies at 400:of the Tibetan royal lineage. 13: 1: 3506:Paul, Abhirup (8 June 2020). 2574:Spiti through Legend and Lore 1603: 1537:Francke, A. H. (1914, 1926). 1523:Ciliberto, Jonathan. (2013). 1279:and Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary 834:Lahaul and Spiti constituency 105: 72: 2968:National Geographic Magazine 2547:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1514:Besch, Nils Florian (2006). 1496:National Highway 505 (India) 1442:- the highest peak in Spiti. 612:by Hayden (1908) and as the 491: 390:Second Diffusion of Buddhism 329: 88:Show map of Himachal Pradesh 53:Spiti River upstream of Kaza 7: 3922:Valleys of Himachal Pradesh 3024:"Spiti Valley Circuit Tour" 2060:Geological Society of India 2013:Western Himalayas and Tibet 1572:Mishra, Charudutt. (2001). 1539:Antiquities of Indian Tibet 1484: 1380: 915: 591:movement of tectonic plates 10: 3953: 2874:"Samuel Bourne's Himalaya" 2754:Jahoda, Christian (2015). 2709:Jahoda, Christian (2015). 2576:. New Delhi: Mosaic Books. 2037:Geological Survey of India 1860:"Spiti's forgotten bridge" 1812:Jahoda, Christian (2015). 1782:Jahoda, Christian (2015). 1767:Jahoda, Christian (2015). 1595:Gavali, Ravindra. (2003). 1592:. Kaveri Books, New Delhi. 1581:Thukral, Kishore. (2006). 1544:Jahoda, Christian. (2015) 1197: 1163: 1128:The Tibetan language film 793:Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary. 619: 583: 357: 303:, and on the southeast by 29: 3873: 3789: 3733: 3712: 3681: 3675:Lahaul and Spiti district 3360:"Spiti Holiday Adventure" 3131:Tribuneindia News Service 3060:Outlook (Indian magazine) 2572:Thukral, Kishore (2006). 2076:10.1007/s12594-011-0082-8 1948:10.1007/s00531-013-0871-y 1838:Harcourt, A.F.P. (1871). 1735:Revue d'Études Tibétaines 1491:Lahaul and Spiti district 1475: 1338: 1214:Kibber village, June 2018 1206:Chicham bridge, June 2018 860: 781:Tetraogallus himalayensis 470:Punjab Reorganisation Act 245:View of Spiti Valley and 229: 189: 173: 163: 153: 143: 138: 130: 58: 46: 41: 3891:Manali, Himachal Pradesh 2011:Thomson, Thomas (1852). 1585:Mosaic Books, New Delhi. 1578:(Doctoral dissertation). 1552:Kapadia, Harish (1999). 1520:(Doctoral dissertation). 1315:Pin Valley National Park 957:nunneries in Mud village 463:Post-Independence period 354:established their rule. 3364:Spiti Holiday Adventure 3125:Service, Tribune News. 2823:(Conference): 173–179. 1507:Banach, Benti. (2010). 1020:Traditional livelihoods 596:The Moravian geologist 424:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal War 249:in winter, January 2008 3572:www.dangerousroads.org 2694:Tropper, Kurt (2008). 2220:www.spitiecosphere.com 2185:www.downtoearth.org.in 1390: 1226: 1215: 1207: 1089:The climax episode of 1049: 973:Tibetan Tantric school 874: 658:Dactylorhiza hatagirea 512: 501: 367: 250: 32:Spiti (disambiguation) 3932:Former principalities 3538:"Spiti Half Marathon" 3390:"Pin Bhaba Pass Trek" 2908:Archivio Storico Luce 2617:. Pitt Rivers Museum. 2344:. 18 September 2018. 1388: 1355:In December 2019, an 1249:and Dhankar monastery 1221: 1213: 1205: 1047: 868: 616:by Srikantia (1981). 507: 499: 436:rule (as part of the 371:Pre-historical period 365: 244: 213:32.24694°N 78.05222°E 3640:at Wikimedia Commons 2104:. 15 November 2017. 1393:Some of the popular 1296:(Serkhang Monastery) 417:the rulers of Ladakh 30:For other uses, see 3000:. 3 February 2019. 2252:. 2 February 2022. 2068:2011JGSI...78..263P 1940:2013IJEaS.102.1967S 1156:National Geographic 995:Social organisation 978:Nawang Tashi Rapten 911:Society and culture 733:Canis lupus laniger 701:Capra ibex sibirica 598:Ferdinand Stoliczka 477:annexation of Tibet 209: / 3886:Leh–Manali Highway 3420:"Pin Parvati Pass" 3273:www.townscript.com 3227:has generic name ( 2102:The Indian Express 1599:(Doctoral Thesis). 1391: 1227: 1216: 1208: 1070:In popular culture 1050: 875: 838:Mandi constituency 777:Himalayan snowcock 773:Alectronics chukor 530:South-West monsoon 513: 502: 450:Treaty of Amritsar 368: 299:, on the south by 251: 218:32.24694; 78.05222 174:Population centers 3909: 3908: 3636:Media related to 3542:World's Marathons 3330:"Raacho Trekkers" 3030:. 21 April 2022. 2974:on 11 August 2022 2514:V. Verma (1997). 2246:"Raacho Trekkers" 1986:OpenStreetMap.org 1533:978-0-9659336-6-7 1459:Chocho Kang Nilda 1389:Kanamo twin peaks 1294:Lhalung Monastery 905:inner line permit 889:altitude sickness 783:), and a host of 757:Gyps himalayensis 753:Himalayan friffon 749:Gypaetus barbatus 689:, Hipopheae, and 405:Lhachen Palgyigon 239: 238: 121:Show map of India 16:(Redirected from 3944: 3937:Regions of Tibet 3734:Cities and towns 3668: 3661: 3654: 3645: 3644: 3635: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3446: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3226: 3222: 3220: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3009: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2900: 2894: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2808: 2799: 2798: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2721: 2715: 2714: 2706: 2700: 2699: 2691: 2685: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2502: 2491: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2437: 2430: 2422: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2367: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2304: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2275: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2212: 2201: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2155: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2124: 2118: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2094: 2088: 2087: 2058:(3). Bangalore: 2047: 2041: 2040: 2023: 2017: 2016: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1978: 1972: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1934:(7): 1967–1984. 1917: 1900: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1855: 1844: 1843: 1835: 1818: 1817: 1809: 1803: 1797: 1788: 1787: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1764: 1758: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1747: 1732: 1723: 1714: 1713: 1707: 1703: 1701: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1661: 1655: 1649: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1614: 1569: 1137:Tibetan Buddhist 922:Tibetan Buddhism 851:Kinnaur district 813:Lahaul and Spiti 769:Chukar partridge 313:Tibetan Buddhism 277:Himachal Pradesh 224: 223: 221: 220: 219: 214: 210: 207: 206: 205: 202: 168:Lahaul and Spiti 158:Himachal Pradesh 122: 108: 107: 101: 89: 75: 74: 68: 51: 39: 38: 21: 3952: 3951: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3942: 3941: 3912: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3869: 3785: 3729: 3708: 3677: 3672: 3628: 3623: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3603:Devil On Wheels 3595: 3591: 3581: 3579: 3566: 3565: 3561: 3551: 3549: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3521: 3519: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3488: 3475: 3474: 3470: 3462: 3458: 3447: 3443: 3433: 3431: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3388: 3387: 3383: 3373: 3371: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3343: 3341: 3334:Raacho Trekkers 3328: 3327: 3323: 3313: 3311: 3304:Devil On Wheels 3296: 3292: 3282: 3280: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3224: 3223: 3214: 3213: 3206: 3204: 3196:Hindustan Times 3187: 3183: 3173: 3171: 3163:Hindustan Times 3154: 3150: 3140: 3138: 3123: 3119: 3109: 3107: 3100: 3084: 3080: 3070: 3068: 3051: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3028:Raacho Trekkers 3022: 3021: 3017: 3007: 3005: 2998:Being Himalayan 2992: 2991: 2987: 2977: 2975: 2962: 2961: 2957: 2947: 2945: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2887: 2885: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2844: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2809: 2802: 2775:Land Use Policy 2767: 2763: 2752: 2748: 2739:Tobdan (2015). 2737: 2733: 2724:Tobdan (2015). 2722: 2718: 2707: 2703: 2692: 2688: 2678: 2676: 2668:Hindustan Times 2659: 2655: 2645: 2643: 2626: 2622: 2611: 2607: 2597: 2595: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2570: 2566: 2556: 2554: 2539: 2535: 2528: 2512: 2508: 2500: 2492: 2479: 2469: 2467: 2456: 2455: 2451: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2428: 2424: 2423: 2416: 2406: 2404: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2380: 2378: 2377:on 10 June 2008 2369: 2368: 2361: 2351: 2349: 2334: 2333: 2329: 2319: 2317: 2306: 2305: 2298: 2288: 2286: 2277: 2276: 2269: 2259: 2257: 2250:Raacho Trekkers 2244: 2243: 2239: 2229: 2227: 2214: 2213: 2204: 2194: 2192: 2177: 2173: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2142: 2140: 2127:Lenin, Janaki. 2125: 2121: 2111: 2109: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2048: 2044: 2024: 2020: 2009: 2005: 1995: 1993: 1980: 1979: 1975: 1965: 1963: 1918: 1903: 1893: 1891: 1876: 1875: 1871: 1856: 1847: 1836: 1821: 1810: 1806: 1798: 1791: 1780: 1776: 1765: 1761: 1751: 1749: 1745: 1730: 1724: 1717: 1705: 1704: 1695: 1694: 1687: 1685: 1678: 1662: 1658: 1650: 1641: 1631: 1629: 1616: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1588:Tobdan. (2015) 1566: 1504: 1487: 1478: 1428: 1383: 1349: 1341: 1332: 1200: 1175: 1166: 1091:Rudyard Kipling 1072: 1055: 1053:Local festivals 1022: 1013:Scheduled Tribe 997: 955:monastery, and 918: 913: 863: 846: 809: 800: 765:Aquia chryaetos 725:Ochotana roylei 648: 646:Flora and fauna 631: 622: 606:Muth succession 586: 494: 465: 454:Punjab Province 446: 444:Colonial period 382: 373: 360: 332: 318:Traditionally, 256:(pronounced as 217: 215: 211: 208: 203: 200: 198: 196: 195: 185:, Sumdo, Chango 131:Floor elevation 126: 125: 124: 123: 120: 119: 116: 115: 114: 113: 109: 92: 91: 90: 87: 86: 83: 82: 81: 80: 76: 54: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3950: 3940: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3877: 3875: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3716: 3714: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3678: 3671: 3670: 3663: 3656: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3627: 3626:External links 3624: 3621: 3620: 3589: 3559: 3529: 3498: 3468: 3456: 3441: 3424:indiahikes.com 3411: 3394:indiahikes.com 3381: 3351: 3321: 3290: 3260: 3234: 3181: 3148: 3117: 3098: 3078: 3045: 3015: 2985: 2955: 2925: 2910:(in Italian). 2895: 2865: 2838: 2800: 2761: 2746: 2731: 2716: 2701: 2686: 2653: 2620: 2605: 2579: 2564: 2533: 2526: 2506: 2477: 2449: 2414: 2388: 2359: 2327: 2296: 2267: 2237: 2202: 2171: 2150: 2119: 2089: 2042: 2018: 2003: 1973: 1901: 1869: 1845: 1819: 1804: 1789: 1774: 1759: 1715: 1676: 1656: 1654:, p. 209. 1639: 1608: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1593: 1586: 1579: 1570: 1564: 1549: 1542: 1535: 1521: 1512: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1493: 1486: 1483: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1462: 1455: 1449: 1443: 1427: 1426:Mountaineering 1424: 1423: 1422: 1413:The trek from 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1377: 1370: 1364: 1348: 1345: 1340: 1337: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1326: 1324:Tabo Monastery 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1291: 1288: 1283: 1280: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1258: 1256:Hikkim village 1253: 1250: 1244: 1238: 1237:Chicham Bridge 1199: 1196: 1174: 1171: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1151: 1144: 1126: 1100: 1087: 1084:Giuseppe Tucci 1080: 1071: 1068: 1054: 1051: 1021: 1018: 996: 993: 917: 914: 912: 909: 862: 859: 845: 842: 808: 805: 799: 798:Administration 796: 729:Himalayan wolf 709:Panthera uncia 647: 644: 640:global warming 636:climate change 630: 629:Climate change 627: 621: 618: 614:Muth Formation 585: 582: 493: 490: 464: 461: 445: 442: 409:King of Ladakh 398:Kyide Nyimagon 394:Tabo monastery 381: 378: 372: 369: 359: 356: 331: 328: 307:. Spiti has a 237: 236: 231: 227: 226: 193: 187: 186: 175: 171: 170: 165: 161: 160: 155: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 136: 135: 132: 128: 127: 117: 111: 110: 103: 102: 96: 95: 94: 93: 84: 78: 77: 70: 69: 63: 62: 61: 60: 59: 56: 55: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3949: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3872: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3788: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3711: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3686: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3669: 3664: 3662: 3657: 3655: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3639: 3634: 3630: 3629: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3593: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3533: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3502: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3472: 3465: 3460: 3452: 3445: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3415: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3385: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3355: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3325: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3294: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3264: 3248: 3244: 3238: 3230: 3218: 3202: 3198: 3197: 3192: 3185: 3169: 3165: 3164: 3159: 3152: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3121: 3105: 3101: 3099:9788173871313 3095: 3091: 3090: 3082: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3056: 3049: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3019: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2989: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2959: 2943: 2939: 2938:Lonely Planet 2935: 2929: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2869: 2853: 2849: 2842: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2807: 2805: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2765: 2757: 2750: 2742: 2735: 2727: 2720: 2712: 2705: 2697: 2690: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2664: 2657: 2641: 2637: 2636: 2631: 2624: 2616: 2609: 2593: 2589: 2583: 2575: 2568: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2537: 2529: 2527:9788170189718 2523: 2519: 2518: 2510: 2499: 2498: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2453: 2434: 2427: 2421: 2419: 2402: 2398: 2392: 2376: 2372: 2366: 2364: 2347: 2343: 2342: 2341:OpenStreetMap 2337: 2331: 2315: 2311: 2310: 2303: 2301: 2284: 2280: 2274: 2272: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2241: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2175: 2160: 2154: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2123: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2093: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2046: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2022: 2014: 2007: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1977: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1928: 1923: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1879: 1873: 1865: 1861: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1841: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1815: 1808: 1801: 1796: 1794: 1785: 1778: 1770: 1763: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1729: 1722: 1720: 1711: 1699: 1683: 1679: 1677:9788189422363 1673: 1669: 1668: 1660: 1653: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1627: 1623: 1622:OpenStreetMap 1619: 1613: 1609: 1598: 1594: 1591: 1587: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1571: 1567: 1565:81-7387-093-4 1561: 1557: 1556: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1510: 1506: 1505: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1482: 1470: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1448: 1447:Manirang peak 1444: 1441: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1433: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1396: 1387: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1347:Winter sports 1344: 1336: 1325: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282:Komic village 1281: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1272:Key Monastery 1270: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252:Gue monastery 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1224: 1220: 1212: 1204: 1195: 1191: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1170: 1158: 1157: 1152: 1148: 1147:Lonely Planet 1145: 1142: 1141:Dhankar Gompa 1138: 1134: 1132: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1092: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1078: 1077:Samuel Bourne 1074: 1073: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1017: 1014: 1009: 1007: 1003: 1002:primogeniture 992: 990: 985: 983: 979: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 941: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 908: 906: 901: 899: 895: 890: 885: 880: 872: 867: 858: 856: 852: 841: 839: 835: 829: 826: 823: 822:Lahaul valley 819: 814: 804: 795: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 717:Vulpes vulpes 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 697:Siberian ibex 694: 693: 688: 687: 682: 681: 676: 675: 670: 666: 665: 660: 659: 654: 643: 641: 637: 626: 617: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 594: 592: 581: 579: 575: 570: 564: 562: 558: 555:deposits and 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 533: 531: 527: 524:at Khab. The 523: 519: 511: 506: 498: 489: 487: 483: 478: 473: 471: 460: 457: 455: 451: 441: 439: 435: 430: 425: 420: 418: 414: 410: 406: 401: 399: 395: 391: 387: 377: 364: 355: 353: 349: 345: 340: 338: 327: 325: 321: 316: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 248: 247:Key Monastery 243: 235: 232: 228: 222: 194: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 169: 166: 162: 159: 156: 152: 149: 146: 142: 137: 133: 129: 100: 67: 57: 50: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 3896:Chandra Taal 3815:Guru Ghantal 3689:Baralacha La 3638:Spiti Valley 3611:. Retrieved 3602: 3592: 3580:. Retrieved 3571: 3562: 3550:. Retrieved 3541: 3532: 3520:. Retrieved 3511: 3501: 3489:. Retrieved 3480: 3471: 3466:, p. 9. 3464:Kapadia 1999 3459: 3444: 3432:. Retrieved 3423: 3414: 3402:. Retrieved 3393: 3384: 3372:. Retrieved 3363: 3354: 3342:. Retrieved 3333: 3324: 3312:. Retrieved 3303: 3293: 3281:. Retrieved 3272: 3263: 3251:. Retrieved 3237: 3205:. Retrieved 3194: 3184: 3172:. Retrieved 3161: 3151: 3139:. 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Retrieved 1931: 1925: 1892:. Retrieved 1881: 1872: 1863: 1839: 1813: 1807: 1802:, Chapter 2. 1800:Kapadia 1999 1783: 1777: 1768: 1762: 1750:. Retrieved 1738: 1734: 1686:. Retrieved 1666: 1659: 1652:Kapadia 1999 1630:. Retrieved 1621: 1612: 1589: 1582: 1573: 1554: 1545: 1538: 1515: 1508: 1502:Bibliography 1479: 1432:mountaineers 1429: 1392: 1374:ice-climbing 1350: 1342: 1333: 1247:Dhankar Lake 1241:Chandra Taal 1232: 1228: 1192: 1180: 1176: 1167: 1155: 1129: 1120: 1113: 1107: 1095: 1056: 1023: 1010: 998: 986: 942: 919: 902: 876: 847: 830: 827: 810: 801: 788: 780: 772: 764: 761:golden eagle 756: 748: 740: 732: 724: 716: 708: 705:snow leopard 700: 690: 686:Rosa sericea 684: 679: 673: 662: 656: 653:Seabuckthorn 649: 632: 623: 613: 609: 605: 595: 587: 565: 549:lower valley 548: 547:slopes. The 537:upper valley 536: 534: 514: 474: 466: 458: 447: 421: 402: 383: 374: 341: 333: 317: 288: 273:Indian state 257: 253: 252: 36: 18:Spiti Valley 3790:Monasteries 3746:Zingzingbar 3512:Vargis Khan 3225:|last= 2781:: 570–579. 2646:25 November 2062:: 263–270. 1864:The Tribune 1706:|work= 1465:Reo Purgyil 1453:Shilla peak 1415:Reckong Peo 1357:ice-skating 1310:Mud village 1286:Kunzum Pass 1173:Agriculture 873:, June 2018 855:Reckong Peo 785:rosefinches 745:lammergeier 610:Muth System 602:Mud village 561:neotectonic 553:sedimentary 510:Kunzum Pass 438:Sikh Empire 407:became the 386:Zhang Zhung 344:Mahabharata 320:agriculture 309:cold desert 289:Spiti River 234:Spiti river 216: / 191:Coordinates 3916:Categories 3704:Rohtang La 3344:28 October 2831:24 January 2679:25 January 2557:2 February 2470:26 January 2352:26 January 2320:26 January 2260:28 October 1966:21 January 1894:15 October 1688:30 January 1604:References 1361:ice-hockey 1322:Caves and 1223:Pin valley 965:Pin Valley 943:The Tabo, 789:Corpodacus 671:(Khamad), 448:Under the 204:78°03′08″E 201:32°14′49″N 3901:Suraj Tal 3811:Gozzangwa 3699:Kunzum La 3613:15 August 3582:15 August 3552:12 August 3522:12 August 3491:12 August 3434:11 August 3404:11 August 3374:11 August 3314:11 August 3283:12 August 3253:11 August 3217:cite news 3207:24 August 3141:11 August 2978:11 August 2948:11 August 2918:14 August 2888:13 August 2795:0264-8377 2635:The Hindu 2407:14 August 2289:14 August 2230:12 August 2084:129814827 1956:129143186 1741:: 56–85. 1708:ignored ( 1698:cite book 1632:31 August 1104:Bollywood 1093:'s novel 1030:green pea 1006:polyandry 991:village. 680:Artemisia 518:Kunzum La 492:Geography 352:Sen kings 330:Etymology 266:Himalayas 139:Geography 3874:See also 3802:Gandhola 3607:Archived 3576:Archived 3546:Archived 3516:Archived 3485:Archived 3428:Archived 3398:Archived 3368:Archived 3338:Archived 3308:Archived 3277:Archived 3247:Archived 3201:Archived 3168:Archived 3135:Archived 3110:29 March 3104:Archived 3065:Archived 3038:21 April 3032:Archived 3008:22 March 3002:Archived 2942:Archived 2912:Archived 2882:Archived 2858:4 August 2852:Archived 2825:Archived 2673:Archived 2640:Archived 2598:4 August 2592:Archived 2551:Archived 2464:Archived 2442:4 August 2433:Archived 2401:Archived 2346:Archived 2314:Archived 2283:Archived 2254:Archived 2224:Archived 2195:6 August 2189:Archived 2164:6 August 2143:6 August 2137:Archived 2133:The Wire 2112:6 August 2106:Archived 2039:: 1–154. 1990:Archived 1960:Archived 1888:Archived 1752:4 August 1743:Archived 1682:Archived 1626:Archived 1485:See also 1440:Gya peak 1381:Trekking 1225:in Spiti 1131:Milarepa 982:tonsured 916:Religion 692:Lonicera 669:ratanjot 664:Aconitum 569:Manirang 270:northern 164:District 3855:Tangyud 3845:Shashur 3840:Lhalung 3820:Kardang 3797:Dhankar 3741:Keylong 3713:Valleys 3174:18 July 3071:18 July 2336:"Sumdo" 2064:Bibcode 1996:14 June 1936:Bibcode 1263:village 1198:Tourism 1164:Economy 1115:Highway 1106:movies 1060:chhaang 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