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recommendations for initial low back pain treatment is remaining active, avoiding twisting and bending, avoiding activities that worsen pain, avoiding bed rest, and possibly initiating a trial of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after consulting a physician. Children and adolescents with persistent low back pain may require earlier imaging and should be seen by physician. Once imaging is deemed necessary, a combination of plain radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging may be used. Images are most often taken of the lumbar spine due to spondylolisthesis most commonly involving the lumbar region. Images of the thoracic spine can be taken if a patient's history and physical suggest thoracic involvement.
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341:. It is the most common form of spondylolisthesis; also called spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, it occurs with a reported prevalence of 5–7 percent in the US population. A slip or fracture of the intravertebral joint is usually acquired between the ages of 6 and 16 years, but remains unnoticed until adulthood. Roughly 90 percent of these isthmic slips are low-grade (less than 50 percent slip) and 10 percent are high-grade (greater than 50 percent slip). It is divided into three subtypes:
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conservative treatment. Conservative treatment consists primarily of physical therapy, medication, intermittent bracing, aerobic exercise, pharmacological intervention, and epidural steroid injections. The majority of patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis do not require surgical intervention.
610:
Plain radiography is often the first step in medical imaging. Anteroposterior (front-back) and lateral (side) images are used to allow the physician to view the spine at multiple angles. Oblique view are no longer recommended. In evaluating for spondylolithesis, plain radiographs provide information
587:
Muscle strength exercises – Lower abdominal, gluteal, and lumbar extensors should be assessed for weakness. Weakness in these muscles can increase lordosis and contribute to sacroiliac instability. Abdominal flexor strength can be assessed with the abdominal flexor endurance test. The test involves
684:
There are no clear radiological or medical guidelines or indications for surgical interventions in degenerative spondylolisthesis. A minimum of three months of conservative management should be completed prior to considering surgical intervention. Three indications for potential surgical treatment
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Magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred advanced imaging technique for evaluation of spondylolisthesis. Preference is due to effectiveness, lack of radiation exposure, and ability to evaluate for soft tissue abnormalities and spinal canal involvement. MRI is limited in its ability to evaluate
556:
The patient should be observed walking and standing. Most patients present with a normal gait. An abnormal gait is often the sign of a high grade case. A patient with high grade spondylolisthesis may present with a posterior pelvic tilt, causing a loss in the normal contour of the buttocks. An
642:
Spondylolisthesis patients without symptoms do not need to be treated. Non-operative management, also referred to as conservative treatment, is the recommended treatment for spondylolisthesis in most cases with or without neurological symptoms. Most patients with spondylolisthesis respond to
647:
Physical therapy can evaluate and address postural and compensatory movement abnormalities. Physical therapy primarily includes spinal flexion and extension exercises with a focus on core stabilization and muscle strengthening. In particular, lumbar spondylolisthesis may benefit from core
601:
In adults with non-specific low back pain, strong evidence suggests medical imaging should not be done within the first six weeks. It is also suggested to avoid advanced imaging, such as CT or MRI, for adults without neurological symptoms or "red flags" in the patient's history. General
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Computed tomography can be helpful in evaluating bony vertebral abnormalities, such as fractures. This can be helpful in determining if the fracture is a new, old, and/or progressing fracture. CT use in spondylolisthesis evaluation is controversial due to high radiation exposure.
685:
are as follows: persistent or recurrent back pain or neurologic pain with a persistent reduction of quality of life despite a reasonable trial of conservative (non-operative) management, new or worsening bladder or bowel symptoms, or a new or worsening neurological deficit.
1726:
Chou, Roger; Qaseem, Amir; Owens, Douglas K.; Shekelle, Paul; Clinical
Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians (2011-02-01). "Diagnostic imaging for low back pain: advice for high-value health care from the American College of Physicians".
557:
antalgic gait, rounded back and decreased hip extension can result from severe pain. While standing, the patient should be observed from the front, back, and sides. Increased and decreased lumbar lordosis, inward curvature of the lower spine, has been seen.
565:
Detection of spondylolisthesis by palpation is most often done by palpating for the spinous process. Each level of the lumbar spine should be palpated. Spinous process palpation by itself is not a definitive method for the detection of spondylolisthesis.
1489:
Meyers, Laura L.; Dobson, Scott R.; Wiegand, Dave; Webb, Julie D.; Mencio, Gregory A. (September 1999). "Mechanical
Instability as a Cause of Gait Disturbance in High-Grade Spondylolisthesis: A Pre-and Postoperative Three-Dimensional Gait Analysis".
651:
Some patients may benefit from bracing in combination with physical therapy. Additionally, bracing was found to be beneficial when performed immediately following the onset of symptoms, in particular patients with lumbar pars interarticular defects
527:
Other symptoms may include tingling and numbness. Coughing and sneezing can intensify the pain. An individual may also note a "slipping sensation" when moving into an upright position. Sitting and trying to stand up may be painful and difficult.
548:, must be done to rule out alternative causes for signs and symptoms. Neurological examination is often normal in patients with spondylolisthesis, but lumbosacral radiculopathy is commonly seen in patients with degenerate spondylolisthesis.
189:
Spondylolisthesis is graded based upon the degree of slippage of one vertebral body relative to the subsequent adjacent vertebral body. Spondylolisthesis is classified as one of the six major etiologies: degenerative, traumatic, dysplastic,
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can be considered. Epidural steroid injections, either interlaminal or transforaminal, performed under fluoroscopic guidance can help with severe radicular (leg) pain, but lacks conclusive benefit in relieving back pain in lumbar
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Steiger, F.; Becker, H.-J.; Standaert, C. J.; Balague, F.; Vader, J.-P.; Porchet, F.; Mannion, A. F. (May 2014). "Surgery in lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis: indications, outcomes and complications. A systematic review".
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Al-Obaidi, Saud M.; Al-Zoabi, Baker; Al-Shuwaie, Nadia; Al-Zaabie, Najeeba; Nelson, Roger M. (June 2003). "The influence of pain and pain-related fear and disability beliefs on walking velocity in chronic low back pain".
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2003:
Kobayashi, Atsushi; Kobayashi, Tsutomu; Kato, Kazuo; Higuchi, Hiroshi; Takagishi, Kenji (January 2013). "Diagnosis of radiographically occult lumbar spondylolysis in young athletes by magnetic resonance imaging".
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Lumbar hyperextension – Extension often elicits pain. This can be assessed by having the patient hyperextend the lumbar spine, provide resistance against back extensions, or undergo repeated lumbar extensions.
1626:
Collaer, Jeff W.; McKeough, D. Michael; Boissonnault, William G. (2006-01-01). "Lumbar
Isthmic Spondylolisthesis Detection with Palpation: Interrater Reliability and Concurrent Criterion-Related Validity".
592:
while holding a 45 degree flexed trunk and 90 degree flexed knees for 30 seconds. Gluteal strength can be assessed with a single-leg squat. Lastly, lumbar extension can be assessed with a single-leg bridge.
181:
slips out of place compared to another. While some medical dictionaries define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the
752:. Retrolistheses are most easily diagnosed on lateral x-ray views of the spine. Views, where care has been taken to expose for a true lateral view without any rotation, offer the best diagnostic quality.
3222:
194:, pathologic, or post-surgical. Spondylolisthesis most commonly occurs in the lumbar spine, primarily at the L5-S1 level, with the L5 vertebral body anteriorly translating over the S1 vertebral body.
304:
anterolisthesis (a.k.a. type 1) results from congenital abnormalities of the upper sacral facets or inferior facets of the fifth lumbar vertebra, and accounts for 14% to 21% of all anterolisthesis.
2652:
Lu VM, Kerezoudis P, Gilder HE, McCutcheon BA, Phan K, Bydon M (2017). "Minimally
Invasive Surgery Versus Open Surgery Spinal Fusion for Spondylolisthesis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis".
544:, and maneuvers. The most common finding is pain with lumbar extension. The following physical involves specific assessment for spondylolisthesis. However, a general examination, most importantly
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Sport-specific motion – Patient can be asked to repeat aggravating movements that they experience during their activity. During the movement, ask patient to point to any places with focal pain.
457:
385:
1149:
Foreman P, Griessenauer CJ, Watanabe K, Conklin M, Shoja MM, Rozzelle CJ, Loukas M, Tubbs RS (2013). "L5 spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis: a comprehensive review with an anatomic focus".
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stabilization exercises focusing on lower abdominal, lumbar muscles, hamstrings, and hip flexors, which may temporarily or permanently improve symptoms and improve general function.
362:
Classification by degree of the slippage, as measured as percentage of the width of the vertebral body: Grade I spondylolisthesis accounts for approximately 75% of all cases.
1971:
Thornhill, Beverly A.; Green, Debra J.; Schoenfeld, Alan H. (2015), Wollowick, Adam L.; Sarwahi, Vishal (eds.), "Imaging
Techniques for the Diagnosis of Spondylolisthesis",
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Straight leg raise – Maneuver used to assess for hamstring tightness. The straight leg raise has been found to be positive in only 10% of patients with spondylolisthesis.
2269:
Vibert, Brady T.; Sliva, Christopher D.; Herkowitz, Harry N. (February 2006). "Treatment of instability and spondylolisthesis: surgical versus nonsurgical treatment".
421:
2055:
Maurer, Marvin; Soder, Ricardo
Bernardi; Baldisserotto, Matteo (February 2011). "Spine abnormalities depicted by magnetic resonance imaging in adolescent rowers".
1400:
Tofte, Josef N.; CarlLee, Tyler L.; Holte, Andrew J.; Sitton, Sean E.; Weinstein, Stuart L. (2017-05-15). "Imaging
Pediatric Spondylolysis: A Systematic Review".
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1336:
1697:
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Chou, Roger; Fu, Rongwei; Carrino, John A.; Deyo, Richard A. (2009-02-07). "Imaging strategies for low-back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis".
659:
Exercises such as cycling, elliptical training, swimming, and walking are considered low-impact aerobic exercises and are recommended for pain relief.
282:
weakness, may result in slippage of a vertebra. Degenerative forms are more likely to occur in women, persons older than fifty, and
African Americans.
3214:
1037:
989:
1673:
Neuromusculoskeletal
Examination and Assessment,A Handbook for Therapists with PAGEBURST Access,4: Neuromusculoskeletal Examination and Assessment
1588:
Kalpakcioglu, Banu; Altınbilek, Turgay; Senel, Kazım (2009-03-27). "Determination of spondylolisthesis in low back pain by clinical evaluation".
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Generalized lower-back pain may also be seen, with intermittent shooting pain from the buttocks to the posterior thigh, and/or lower leg via the
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on the positioning and structural integrity of the spine. Therefore, if further detail is needed, a physician may request advanced imaging.
2158:
Leone, Antonio; Cianfoni, Alessandro; Cerase, Alfonso; Magarelli, Nicola; Bonomo, Lorenzo (2011-06-01). "Lumbar spondylolysis: a review".
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209:) is a term that more explicitly denotes displacement in any direction. Forward or anterior displacement can specifically be called
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anterolisthesis (a.k.a. type 2) is caused by a defect in the pars interarticularis but it can also be seen with an elongated pars.
3309:
1868:
Libson, E.; Bloom, R. A.; Dinari, G. (1982). "Symptomatic and asymptomatic spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in young adults".
331:
Anterolisthesis location includes which vertebrae are involved, and may also specify which parts of the vertebrae are affected.
868:
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Metzger, Robert; Chaney, Susan (2014). "Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: What the primary care provider should know".
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Miller-Keane
Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. Copyright date 2003
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507:" may be seen in more advanced causes, due to compensatory pelvic rotation due to decreased lumbar spine rotation.
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Anterolisthesis L5/S1. Blue arrow normal pars interarticularis. Red arrow is a break in pars interarticularis.
2214:"Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: a narrative review of etiology, diagnosis, and conservative management"
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can be tried initially. If a severe radicular component is present, a short course of oral steroids such as
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1921:"Orientation of lumbar pars defects: implications for radiological detection and surgical management"
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Syrmou E, Tsitsopoulos PP, Marinopoulos D, Tsonidis C, Anagnostopoulos I, Tsitsopoulos PD (2010).
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242:(C2) is displaced anteriorly relative to the C3 vertebra due to fractures of the C2 vertebra's
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X-ray of measurement of spondylolisthesis at the lumbosacral joint, being 25% in this example
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anterolisthesis (a.k.a. type 3) is a disease of the older adult that develops as a result of
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2374:"Nonoperative treatment in lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: a systematic review"
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Both minimally invasive and open surgical techniques are used to treat anterolisthesis.
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X-ray of the lateral lumbar spine with a grade III anterolisthesis at the L5-S1 level
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Garet, Matthew; Reiman, Michael P.; Mathers, Jessie; Sylvain, Jonathan (May 2013).
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2434:"Diagnosis and conservative management of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis"
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186:), it is often defined in medical textbooks as displacement in any direction.
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1973:
Spondylolisthesis: Diagnosis, Non-Surgical Management, and Surgical Techniques
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X-ray of a grade 4 anterolisthesis at L5-S1 with spinal misalignment indicated
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anterolisthesis (a.k.a. type 5) is caused by either infection or a malignancy.
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2597:"Degenerative spondylolisthesis: review of current trends and controversies"
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2314:"Management of symptomatic degenerative low-grade lumbar spondylolisthesis"
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fractures in great detail, compared to other advanced imaging modalities.
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Bolesta, M. J.; Bohlman, H. H. (1989). "Degenerative spondylolisthesis".
1128:
832:
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Spinal range of motion testing – Range of motion limitations may be seen.
322:
anterolisthesis (a.k.a. type 6) is caused by complications after surgery.
289:
272:
166:
24:
20:
1051:
Shamrock, Alan G.; Donnally III, Chester J.; Varacallo, Matthew (2019),
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McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. Copyright date 2002
931:
Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. Copyright date 2007
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Anterolisthesis can be categorized by cause, location, and severity.
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A result of the change in gait is often a noticeable atrophy in the
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1919:
Saifuddin, A.; White, J.; Tucker, S.; Taylor, B. A. (March 1998).
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3517:
2937:
2857:
1260:"Diagnosis and treatment of severe dysplastic spondylolisthesis"
698:(C) Surgically treated with L5 – S1 decompression, instrumented
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anterolisthesis is rare and results from acute fractures in the
2818:
784:
780:
760:
183:
124:
2542:
2002:
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1012:
Walter R. Frontera, Julie K. Silver, Thomas D. Rizzo (2014).
964:
Thomas J. Errico, Baron S. Lonner, Andrew W. Moulton (2009).
934:
The American Heritage Medical Dictionary. Copyright date 2007
816:
802:
2651:
2157:
1366:"Adult Spondylolisthesis in the Low Back – OrthoInfo – AAOS"
121:
3402:
1625:
1587:
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Anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDS) in combination with
106:
2491:
Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners
2109:
Morita, T.; Ikata, T.; Katoh, S.; Miyake, R. (July 1995).
1918:
403:
X-ray picture of a grade 1 isthmic anterolisthesis at L4-5
91:
3835:
3365:
3278:
2371:
1337:"Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis of the Lumbar Spine"
779:
Herbinaux. He reported a bony prominence anterior to the
775:
Spondylolisthesis was first described in 1782 by Belgian
489:
A general stiffening of the back and a tightening of the
238:
is a specific type of spondylolisthesis where the second
130:
112:
100:
2054:
1970:
1323:"Adult Isthmic Spondylolisthesis – Spine – Orthobullets"
350:
B: pars elongation due to multiple healed stress effects
1725:
1488:
1399:
16:
Displacement of one spinal vertebra compared to another
2595:
Sengupta, Dilip K.; Herkowitz, Harry N. (2005-03-15).
2108:
2115:
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume
1925:
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume
869:"Adult Spondylolisthesis in the Low Back - OrthoInfo"
142:
133:
127:
115:
94:
85:
82:
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2268:
109:
103:
97:
88:
1264:
The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
943:
Collins Dictionary of Medicine. Copyright date 2005
614:
493:, with a resulting change in both posture and gait.
118:
2701:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
2432:Kalichman, Leonid; Hunter, David J. (March 2008).
2111:"Lumbar spondylolysis in children and adolescents"
1590:Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation
1014:Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
696:(B) Lateral radiograph pre-operative intervention.
337:anterolisthesis is where there is a defect in the
2594:
1867:
1777:
755:Retrolistheses are found most prominently in the
500:posture may be seen, due to compensatory changes.
3910:
1831:"Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Low Back Pain"
1621:
1619:
1536:International Journal of Rehabilitation Research
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
2742:A textbook of the science and art of obstetrics
2431:
823:, which means "slipping, sliding or movement".
722:Grade 1 retrolistheses of C3 on C4 and C4 on C5
540:for spondylolisthesis consists of observation,
3924:Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system
1450:
1090:Tenny, Steven; Gillis, Christopher C. (2019),
1003:
1001:
999:
213:. Anterolisthesis commonly involves the fifth
3230:
2953:
2764:"Isthmic Spondylolisthesis and Spondylolysis"
2488:
2312:Evans, Nick; McCarthy, Michael (2018-12-19).
2311:
1616:
1386:
2212:Haun, Daniel W.; Kettner, Norman W. (2005).
1629:Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy
1190:
1188:
1053:"Lumbar Spondylolysis And Spondylolisthesis"
1036:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
988:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
955:
953:
951:
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485:Symptoms of lumbar anterolisthesis include:
2211:
1298:
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1089:
996:
623:
278:and joint remodeling. Joint arthritis, and
3237:
3223:
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2271:Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
1669:
1198:. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
1121:
808:), which means "spine" or "vertebra," and
692:Degenerative spondylolisthesis at L5 - S1.
57:
2735:
2712:
2697:"Spondylolisthesis, its cause and effect"
2612:
2465:
2405:
2345:
2245:
2126:
1936:
1275:
1234:
1219:"Spondylolysis: a review and reappraisal"
1196:"Adult Spondylolisthesis in the Low Back"
1185:
966:Surgical Management of Spinal Deformities
948:
694:(A) CT sagittal view of a low grade slip.
1670:Petty, Nicola J.; Moore, Ann P. (2011).
1016:(3 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.
794:was coined in 1854 from the Greek words
717:
687:
2057:The American Journal of Sports Medicine
2006:The American Journal of Sports Medicine
1828:
1741:10.7326/0003-4819-154-3-201102010-00008
937:Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 9th edition
3911:
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1966:
1964:
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3758:Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome
1380:"Pain Management: Spondylolisthesis"
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1083:
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763:region, but can also be seen in the
13:
3248:malformations and deformations of
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2614:10.1097/01.brs.0000155579.88537.8e
2533:
2422:
2362:
2283:10.1097/01.blo.0000200233.99436.ea
2202:
2099:
1961:
1578:
1479:
891:Merriam-Webster medical dictionary
249:
217:. Backward displacement is called
14:
3935:
2792:
2736:Garrigues, Henry Jacques (1902).
1492:Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics
1076:
713:
254:
221:. Lateral displacement is called
2218:Journal of Chiropractic Medicine
1829:Casazza, Brian A. (2012-02-15).
1548:10.1097/00004356-200306000-00004
1504:10.1097/01241398-199909000-00024
840:(Pars defect or stress fracture)
787:of a small number of patients.
615:Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
531:
468:
456:
444:
432:
420:
408:
396:
384:
78:
3431:Congenital patellar dislocation
3310:Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome
2770:
2756:
2729:
2688:
2645:
2588:
2482:
2305:
2262:
2151:
2048:
1996:
1975:, Springer US, pp. 59–94,
1912:
1861:
1822:
1771:
1719:
1690:
1663:
1526:
1444:
1372:
1358:
1329:
1315:
1292:
1251:
1210:
637:
2128:10.1302/0301-620X.77B4.7615609
1341:Massachusetts General Hospital
1142:
1115:
1044:
903:
879:
861:
744:with respect to the subjacent
702:and placement of an interbody
551:
326:
1:
2230:10.1016/S0899-3467(07)60153-0
1792:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60172-0
1453:Instructional Course Lectures
854:
3181:Intervertebral disc disorder
2666:10.1097/BRS.0000000000001731
1676:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
1414:10.1097/BRS.0000000000001912
1258:Leone LD, Lamont DW (1999).
968:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
811:
796:
632:
569:
560:
536:The major components of the
415:MRI of L5-S1 anterolisthesis
262:
7:
3717:Oto-palato-digital syndrome
3712:Hallermann–Streiff syndrome
3436:Congenital knee dislocation
3254:musculoskeletal abnormality
1981:10.1007/978-1-4899-7575-1_6
1938:10.1302/0301-620x.80b2.8219
1729:Annals of Internal Medicine
1698:"Imaging for Low Back Pain"
1301:"Isthmic Spondylolisthesis"
826:
679:
357:
10:
3940:
3748:Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
2738:"Spondylolisthesic pelvis"
2330:10.1302/2058-5241.3.180020
1870:International Orthopaedics
1641:10.1179/106698106790820917
1277:10.7556/jaoa.1999.99.6.326
960:Introduction to chapter 17
817:
803:
770:
725:
496:A leaning-forward or semi-
378:Grade V: greater than 100%
18:
3882:
3858:
3834:
3825:
3780:
3730:
3722:Treacher Collins syndrome
3692:
3664:
3655:
3646:
3612:
3573:reduction deficits / limb
3572:
3516:
3509:
3444:
3401:
3364:
3355:
3318:
3286:
3277:
3260:
3194:Degenerative disc disease
3179:
3134:
3087:
3044:
3035:
3010:
2982:
2975:
2889:
2800:
2558:10.1007/s00586-013-3144-3
2450:10.1007/s00586-007-0543-3
2172:10.1007/s00256-010-0942-0
1835:American Family Physician
1163:10.1007/s00381-012-1942-2
1098:, StatPearls Publishing,
1059:, StatPearls Publishing,
915:Farlex medical dictionary
606:Plain Radiography (X-Ray)
160:
70:
65:
56:
48:
43:
3547:Cenani–Lenz syndactylism
3300:Cleidocranial dysostosis
2390:10.1177/1941738113480936
2069:10.1177/0363546510381365
2018:10.1177/0363546512464946
748:to a degree less than a
624:Computed Tomography (CT)
546:neurological examination
345:A: pars fatigue fracture
320:Post-surgical/iatrogenic
197:
19:Not to be confused with
3694:Craniofacial dysostosis
2503:10.1002/2327-6924.12083
3919:Deforming dorsopathies
3250:musculoskeletal system
3199:Spinal disc herniation
3057:Ankylosing spondylitis
2546:European Spine Journal
2438:European Spine Journal
1151:Child's Nervous System
750:luxation (dislocation)
723:
707:
353:C: pars acute fracture
3802:Klippel–Feil syndrome
3204:Facet joint arthrosis
3018:Scheuermann's disease
1602:10.3233/BMR-2009-0212
721:
691:
475:Anterolisthesis L5/S1
451:Anterolisthesis L5/S1
439:Anterolisthesis L5/S1
339:pars interarticularis
3812:Spina bifida occulta
3328:Madelung's deformity
3305:Sprengel's deformity
1299:Aruna Ganju (2002).
844:Failed back syndrome
783:that obstructed the
740:displacement of one
3630:RAPADILINO syndrome
2778:"Spondylolisthesis"
2744:. pp. 490–93.
2607:(6 Suppl): S71–81.
1092:"Spondylolisthesis"
911:"spondylolisthesis"
887:"spondylolisthesis"
514:due to lack of use.
177:is when one spinal
3492:Rocker bottom foot
2890:External resources
2695:Newman PH (1955).
2318:EFORT Open Reviews
2160:Skeletal Radiology
1882:10.1007/bf00267148
925:, in turn citing:
724:
708:
706:between L5 and S1.
675:spondylolisthesis.
672:methylprednisolone
597:Diagnostic Imaging
588:the patient lying
481:Signs and symptoms
235:hangman's fracture
3906:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3827:Thoracic skeleton
3807:Spondylolisthesis
3776:
3775:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3505:
3504:
3351:
3350:
3212:
3211:
3130:
3129:
3105:Spondylolisthesis
3031:
3030:
2935:
2934:
2926:Spondylolisthesis
1786:(9662): 463–472.
849:Joint dislocation
792:spondylolisthesis
375:Grade IV: 75–100%
372:Grade III: 50–75%
292:, other than the
280:ligamentum flavum
240:cervical vertebra
223:lateral listhesis
175:Spondylolisthesis
172:
171:
44:Spondylolisthesis
38:Medical condition
3931:
3874:Pectus carinatum
3869:Pectus excavatum
3832:
3831:
3790:Spinal curvature
3782:Vertebral column
3702:Crouzon syndrome
3666:Craniosynostosis
3662:
3661:
3653:
3652:
3518:fingers and toes
3514:
3513:
3426:Discoid meniscus
3383:Upington disease
3362:
3361:
3284:
3283:
3275:
3274:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3216:
3215:
3088:non inflammatory
3074:Spondylodiscitis
3042:
3041:
2984:Spinal curvature
2980:
2979:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2939:
2938:
2798:
2797:
2786:
2785:
2782:Cleveland Clinic
2774:
2768:
2767:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2716:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2660:(3): E177–E185.
2649:
2643:
2642:
2616:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2469:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2409:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2349:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2249:
2209:
2200:
2199:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2130:
2106:
2097:
2096:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1940:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1704:. Archived from
1694:
1688:
1687:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1623:
1614:
1613:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1486:
1477:
1476:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1397:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1343:. Archived from
1333:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1279:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1238:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1192:
1183:
1182:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1122:Frank Gaillard.
1119:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1087:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1027:
1005:
994:
993:
987:
979:
957:
946:
924:
922:
921:
907:
901:
900:
898:
897:
883:
877:
876:
865:
820:
819:
814:
806:
805:
799:
472:
460:
448:
436:
424:
412:
400:
388:
369:Grade II: 25–50%
149:
145:
140:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
61:
41:
40:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3894:
3890:Poland syndrome
3878:
3854:
3821:
3772:
3726:
3688:
3634:
3625:Larsen syndrome
3613:multiple joints
3608:
3568:
3501:
3440:
3421:Genu recurvatum
3397:
3374:Hip dislocation
3347:
3314:
3264:
3256:
3243:
3213:
3208:
3189:Schmorl's nodes
3175:
3149:Upper back pain
3126:
3117:Spinal stenosis
3083:
3027:
3006:
2971:
2966:
2936:
2931:
2930:
2885:
2884:
2809:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2784:. July 8, 2020.
2776:
2775:
2771:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2734:
2730:
2693:
2689:
2650:
2646:
2593:
2589:
2541:
2534:
2487:
2483:
2430:
2423:
2370:
2363:
2324:(12): 620–631.
2310:
2306:
2267:
2263:
2210:
2203:
2156:
2152:
2107:
2100:
2053:
2049:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1969:
1962:
1917:
1913:
1866:
1862:
1827:
1823:
1776:
1772:
1724:
1720:
1711:
1709:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1668:
1664:
1624:
1617:
1586:
1579:
1531:
1527:
1487:
1480:
1449:
1445:
1408:(10): 777–782.
1398:
1387:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1350:
1348:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1305:Neurosurg Focus
1297:
1293:
1256:
1252:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1186:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1106:
1088:
1077:
1069:
1067:
1049:
1045:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1006:
997:
981:
980:
976:
958:
949:
919:
917:
909:
908:
904:
895:
893:
885:
884:
880:
867:
866:
862:
857:
829:
773:
730:
716:
697:
695:
693:
682:
640:
635:
626:
617:
608:
599:
572:
563:
554:
534:
512:gluteal muscles
483:
476:
473:
464:
461:
452:
449:
440:
437:
428:
425:
416:
413:
404:
401:
392:
389:
360:
329:
265:
257:
252:
250:Anterolisthesis
227:laterolisthesis
215:lumbar vertebra
211:anterolisthesis
200:
156:
147:
143:
81:
77:
39:
36:
33:Norman Lebrecht
17:
12:
11:
5:
3937:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3865:
3863:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3786:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3753:Dolichocephaly
3750:
3745:
3740:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3684:Trigonocephaly
3681:
3676:
3670:
3668:
3659:
3657:Skull and face
3650:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3620:Arthrogryposis
3616:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3542:Arachnodactyly
3539:
3538:
3537:
3522:
3520:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3450:
3448:
3446:foot deformity
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3370:
3368:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3320:hand deformity
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3281:
3272:
3258:
3257:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3122:Facet syndrome
3119:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3110:Retrolisthesis
3102:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3079:Pott's disease
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3048:
3046:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2969:Spinal disease
2965:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2942:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2917:
2906:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2871:
2860:
2849:
2830:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:Classification
2794:
2793:External links
2791:
2788:
2787:
2769:
2755:
2728:
2687:
2644:
2587:
2552:(5): 945–973.
2532:
2481:
2444:(3): 327–335.
2421:
2384:(3): 225–232.
2361:
2304:
2261:
2224:(4): 206–217.
2201:
2166:(6): 683–700.
2150:
2121:(4): 620–625.
2098:
2063:(2): 392–397.
2047:
2012:(1): 169–176.
1995:
1989:
1960:
1931:(2): 208–211.
1911:
1876:(4): 259–261.
1860:
1841:(4): 343–350.
1821:
1770:
1735:(3): 181–189.
1718:
1689:
1682:
1662:
1615:
1577:
1525:
1478:
1443:
1385:
1371:
1357:
1328:
1314:
1291:
1250:
1209:
1184:
1141:
1114:
1075:
1043:
1022:
995:
974:
947:
945:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
902:
878:
859:
858:
856:
853:
852:
851:
846:
841:
835:
828:
825:
772:
769:
742:vertebral body
734:retrolisthesis
728:Retrolisthesis
726:Main article:
715:
714:Retrolisthesis
712:
681:
678:
677:
676:
660:
657:
649:
639:
636:
634:
631:
625:
622:
616:
613:
607:
604:
598:
595:
594:
593:
585:
582:
579:
576:
571:
568:
562:
559:
553:
550:
533:
530:
525:
524:
516:
515:
508:
501:
494:
482:
479:
478:
477:
474:
467:
465:
462:
455:
453:
450:
443:
441:
438:
431:
429:
426:
419:
417:
414:
407:
405:
402:
395:
393:
390:
383:
380:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
366:Grade I: 0–25%
359:
356:
355:
354:
351:
347:
346:
328:
325:
324:
323:
317:
311:
305:
297:
283:
264:
261:
256:
255:Classification
253:
251:
248:
219:retrolisthesis
199:
196:
170:
169:
164:
158:
157:
155:
154:
74:
72:
68:
67:
63:
62:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3936:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3817:Sacralization
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3763:Plagiocephaly
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3707:Hypertelorism
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3674:Scaphocephaly
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3557:Brachydactyly
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3510:Either / both
3508:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3378:Hip dysplasia
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3171:Radiculopathy
3169:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3154:Low back pain
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3100:Spondylolysis
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:Spondylopathy
3034:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2958:
2956:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2927:
2923:
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2918:
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2907:
2905:
2901:
2900:
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2877:
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2872:
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2866:
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2861:
2859:
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2816:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2765:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2707:(5): 305–23.
2706:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
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2583:
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2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
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2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
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2473:
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2447:
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2428:
2426:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2378:Sports Health
2375:
2368:
2366:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
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2308:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2206:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2103:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1992:
1990:9781489975751
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1965:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
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1825:
1817:
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1797:
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1781:
1774:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1722:
1708:on 2019-11-07
1707:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1685:
1683:9780702029905
1679:
1675:
1674:
1666:
1658:
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1553:
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1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
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1474:
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1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1381:
1375:
1367:
1361:
1347:on 2016-10-23
1346:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1324:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1157:(2): 209–16.
1156:
1152:
1145:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1118:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1039:
1033:
1025:
1023:9780323222723
1019:
1015:
1009:
1004:
1002:
1000:
991:
985:
977:
975:9781416033721
971:
967:
961:
956:
954:
952:
942:
939:
936:
933:
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927:
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916:
912:
906:
892:
888:
882:
874:
870:
864:
860:
850:
847:
845:
842:
839:
838:Spondylolysis
836:
834:
831:
830:
824:
822:
813:
807:
798:
793:
788:
786:
782:
778:
768:
766:
762:
758:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
729:
720:
711:
705:
701:
690:
686:
673:
669:
665:
661:
658:
655:
654:spondylolysis
650:
646:
645:
644:
630:
621:
612:
603:
591:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
573:
567:
558:
549:
547:
543:
539:
538:physical exam
532:Physical Exam
529:
522:
521:sciatic nerve
518:
517:
513:
509:
506:
502:
499:
495:
492:
488:
487:
486:
471:
466:
459:
454:
447:
442:
435:
430:
423:
418:
411:
406:
399:
394:
387:
382:
381:
377:
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368:
365:
364:
363:
352:
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348:
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321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
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302:
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287:
284:
281:
277:
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270:
267:
266:
260:
247:
245:
241:
237:
236:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
195:
193:
187:
185:
180:
176:
168:
165:
163:
159:
152:
151:
138:
76:
75:
73:
71:Pronunciation
69:
64:
60:
55:
51:
47:
42:
34:
30:
29:Spondylolysis
26:
22:
3806:
3738:Macrocephaly
3584:
3580:Acheiropodia
3552:Ectrodactyly
3472:
3453:
3338:Oligodactyly
3333:Clinodactyly
3262:Appendicular
3104:
3064:Sacroiliitis
3045:inflammatory
2919:
2908:
2897:
2873:
2862:
2851:
2832:
2813:
2781:
2772:
2758:
2741:
2731:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2549:
2545:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2441:
2437:
2381:
2377:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2221:
2217:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2118:
2114:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1972:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1710:. Retrieved
1706:the original
1702:www.aafp.org
1701:
1692:
1672:
1665:
1635:(1): 22–29.
1632:
1628:
1596:(1): 27–32.
1593:
1589:
1542:(2): 101–8.
1539:
1535:
1528:
1498:(5): 672–6.
1495:
1491:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1405:
1401:
1374:
1360:
1349:. Retrieved
1345:the original
1340:
1331:
1317:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1270:(6): 326–8.
1267:
1263:
1253:
1229:(1): 17–21.
1226:
1222:
1212:
1200:. Retrieved
1154:
1150:
1144:
1133:. Retrieved
1127:
1124:"Olisthesis"
1117:
1107:, retrieved
1095:
1068:, retrieved
1056:
1046:
1013:
965:
918:. Retrieved
914:
905:
894:. Retrieved
890:
881:
872:
863:
809:
801:
791:
789:
777:obstetrician
774:
754:
733:
731:
709:
683:
641:
638:Conservative
627:
618:
609:
600:
564:
555:
535:
526:
484:
361:
334:
333:
330:
319:
313:
307:
299:
285:
269:Degenerative
268:
258:
233:
231:
226:
222:
210:
206:
202:
201:
188:
174:
173:
146:-dil-oh-lis-
3768:Saddle nose
3535:Webbed toes
3526:Polydactyly
3411:Genu valgum
3343:Polydactyly
3095:Spondylosis
3052:Spondylitis
3023:Torticollis
2899:MedlinePlus
2497:(1): 5–12.
2277:: 222–227.
1459:: 157–165.
1223:Hippokratia
1129:Radiopaedia
833:Spondylosis
664:paracetamol
552:Observation
327:By location
290:neural arch
167:Orthopedics
49:Other names
25:Spondylitis
21:Spondylosis
3913:Categories
3743:Platybasia
3679:Oxycephaly
3592:Phocomelia
3586:Ectromelia
3562:Stub thumb
3530:Syndactyly
3497:Hammer toe
3466:Pigeon toe
3416:Genu varum
3388:Coxa valga
3246:Congenital
3159:Coccydynia
2921:Patient UK
2875:DiseasesDB
1712:2019-11-07
1351:2016-12-14
1135:2018-02-21
1109:2019-10-28
1096:StatPearls
1070:2019-10-28
1057:StatPearls
920:2017-09-07
896:2017-09-07
855:References
812:olisthesis
668:prednisone
491:hamstrings
314:Pathologic
301:Dysplastic
203:Olisthesis
52:Olisthesis
3795:Scoliosis
3602:Hemimelia
3487:Pes cavus
3480:Flat feet
3461:Club foot
3393:Coxa vara
3144:Neck pain
3136:Back pain
3002:Scoliosis
2976:Deforming
2915:radio/651
2910:eMedicine
2750:654149619
2623:1528-1159
2566:1432-0932
2511:2327-6924
2458:0940-6719
2398:1941-7381
2338:2058-5241
2291:0009-921X
2238:1556-3707
2180:1432-2161
2137:0301-620X
2077:1552-3365
2026:1552-3365
1947:0301-620X
1890:0341-2695
1847:0002-838X
1800:1474-547X
1749:1539-3704
1649:1066-9817
1556:0342-5282
1512:0271-6798
1465:0065-6895
1422:1528-1159
1032:cite book
984:cite book
873:OrthoInfo
818:ὀλίσθησης
804:σπονδυλος
797:spondylos
790:The term
738:posterior
633:Treatment
570:Maneuvers
561:Palpation
542:palpation
286:Traumatic
276:arthritis
263:By causes
205:(synonym
162:Specialty
3845:Cervical
3292:shoulder
3288:clavicle
3270:dysmelia
3164:Sciatica
3069:Discitis
2997:Lordosis
2992:Kyphosis
2723:14377314
2674:27285899
2639:41389199
2631:15767890
2582:20342808
2574:24402446
2527:25389798
2519:24170707
2476:18026865
2416:24427393
2356:30697442
2299:16462445
2256:19674664
2188:20440613
2093:27402258
2085:20889986
2034:23136176
1855:22335313
1816:31602395
1808:19200918
1757:21282698
1657:71855530
1610:20023361
1572:37347323
1564:12799603
1520:10488874
1430:27669047
1286:10405520
1245:20411054
1179:25145462
1171:23089935
1104:28613518
1065:28846329
1008:Page 250
827:See also
765:thoracic
757:cervical
746:vertebra
680:Surgical
498:kyphotic
358:Severity
244:pedicles
179:vertebra
3860:sternum
2869:D013168
2714:2377893
2467:2270383
2407:3658408
2347:6335606
2247:2647050
2196:7348195
2145:7615609
2042:6080935
1955:9546445
1906:1323431
1898:6222997
1765:1326352
1473:2649568
1438:4399796
1236:2843565
771:History
335:Isthmic
308:Isthmic
207:olisthy
192:isthmic
3883:other:
3597:Amelia
3474:valgus
2904:001260
2858:184200
2847:756.12
2748:
2721:
2711:
2682:714545
2680:
2672:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2580:
2572:
2564:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2474:
2464:
2456:
2414:
2404:
2396:
2354:
2344:
2336:
2297:
2289:
2254:
2244:
2236:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2143:
2135:
2091:
2083:
2075:
2040:
2032:
2024:
1987:
1953:
1945:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1853:
1845:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1780:Lancet
1763:
1755:
1747:
1680:
1655:
1647:
1608:
1570:
1562:
1554:
1518:
1510:
1471:
1463:
1436:
1428:
1420:
1284:
1243:
1233:
1202:9 June
1177:
1169:
1102:
1063:
1020:
972:
785:vagina
781:sacrum
767:area.
761:lumbar
700:fusion
590:supine
505:waddle
184:sacrum
153:
3850:Bifid
3731:other
3648:Axial
3455:varus
3011:Other
2880:12318
2843:738.4
2828:Q76.2
2824:M43.1
2678:S2CID
2654:Spine
2635:S2CID
2601:Spine
2578:S2CID
2523:S2CID
2192:S2CID
2089:S2CID
2038:S2CID
1902:S2CID
1812:S2CID
1761:S2CID
1653:S2CID
1568:S2CID
1434:S2CID
1402:Spine
1175:S2CID
736:is a
704:graft
273:facet
198:Types
31:, or
3836:ribs
3403:knee
3279:Arms
3266:limb
2864:MeSH
2853:OMIM
2838:9-CM
2746:OCLC
2719:PMID
2670:PMID
2627:PMID
2619:ISSN
2570:PMID
2562:ISSN
2515:PMID
2507:ISSN
2472:PMID
2454:ISSN
2412:PMID
2394:ISSN
2352:PMID
2334:ISSN
2295:PMID
2287:ISSN
2252:PMID
2234:ISSN
2184:PMID
2176:ISSN
2141:PMID
2133:ISSN
2081:PMID
2073:ISSN
2030:PMID
2022:ISSN
1985:ISBN
1951:PMID
1943:ISSN
1894:PMID
1886:ISSN
1851:PMID
1843:ISSN
1804:PMID
1796:ISSN
1753:PMID
1745:ISSN
1678:ISBN
1645:ISSN
1606:PMID
1560:PMID
1552:ISSN
1516:PMID
1508:ISSN
1469:PMID
1461:ISSN
1426:PMID
1418:ISSN
1311:(1).
1282:PMID
1241:PMID
1204:2013
1167:PMID
1100:PMID
1061:PMID
1038:link
1018:ISBN
1010:in:
990:link
970:ISBN
962:in:
759:and
294:pars
150:-sis
148:THEE
144:SPON
3366:hip
3357:Leg
2834:ICD
2815:ICD
2709:PMC
2662:doi
2609:doi
2554:doi
2499:doi
2462:PMC
2446:doi
2402:PMC
2386:doi
2342:PMC
2326:doi
2279:doi
2275:443
2242:PMC
2226:doi
2168:doi
2123:doi
2065:doi
2014:doi
1977:doi
1933:doi
1878:doi
1788:doi
1784:373
1737:doi
1733:154
1637:doi
1598:doi
1544:doi
1500:doi
1410:doi
1272:doi
1231:PMC
1159:doi
670:or
503:A "
225:or
3915::
3528:/
3376:/
3290:/
3268:/
3252:/
2924::
2913::
2902::
2878::
2867::
2856::
2845:,
2841::
2826:,
2822::
2819:10
2780:.
2740:.
2717:.
2705:16
2703:.
2699:.
2676:.
2668:.
2658:42
2656:.
2633:.
2625:.
2617:.
2605:30
2603:.
2599:.
2576:.
2568:.
2560:.
2550:23
2548:.
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