1383:
905:
1224:
handle these unmatched forces, so consequently requires more bracing and is usually heavier – a pair (2-) is usually a more robust boat than a double scull (2x) for example, and being heavier is also slower when used as a double scull. In theory, this could also apply to the 4x and 8x, but most rowing clubs cannot afford to have a dedicated large hull which might be rarely used and instead generally opt for versatility in their fleet by using stronger shells which can be rigged for either sweep rowing or sculling. The symmetrical forces also make sculling more efficient than sweep rowing: the double scull is faster than the coxless pair, and the quadruple scull is faster than the coxless four.
395:
1802:
715:
71:
883:
60:
1177:
5447:
1877:
407:
869:. This drill is designed to enhance rowers' ability to feel the subtle movements of the boat and synchronize seamlessly with their teammates. By eliminating the visual element, rowers focus on developing a heightened sense of touch and teamwork, fostering a deeper understanding of the rowing experience. This drill enhances the overall coordination and sensitivity to the dynamics of the boat, contributing to improved synchronization and a more nuanced rowing performance.
4282:
1312:
6183:
4838:
561:
1165:
545:. They boasted to the crowd that they were the fastest rowing crew on the Bay. A group of Providence locals took issue with this and challenged them to race, which the Providence group summarily won. The six-man core of that group went on in 1838 to found NBC. Detroit Boat Club was founded in 1839 and is the second oldest continuously operated rowing club in the U.S. In 1843, the first American college rowing club was formed at
1998:
1667:
2106:
every stroke puts pressure on the hands, though rowing frequently tends to harden hands and generate protective calluses. Holding the oars too tightly or making adjustments to technique may cause recurring or new blisters, as it is common to feather the blade. Another common injury is getting "track bites", thin cuts on the back of one's calf or thigh caused by contact with the seat tracks at either end of the stroke.
1334:) simulate the rowing action and provide a means of training on land when waterborne training is restricted, and of measuring rowing fitness. Ergometers do not simulate the lateral balance challenges, the exact resistance of water, or the exact motions of true rowing including the sweep of the oar handles. For that reason ergometer scores are generally not used as the sole selection criterion for crews (colloquially
1633:
596:. The success of the Schuylkill Navy and similar organizations contributed heavily to the extinction of professional rowing and the sport's current status as an amateur sport. At its founding, it had nine clubs; today, there are 12. At least 23 other clubs have belonged to the Navy at various times. Many of the clubs have a rich history, and have produced a large number of Olympians and world-class competitors.
6193:
4850:
2090:. High-performance rowers tend to be tall and muscular: although extra weight does increase the drag on the boat, the larger athletes' increased power tends to compensate. The increased power is achieved through the increased leverage on the oar provided by the longer limbs of the athlete. In multi-person boats (2,4, or 8), the lightest person typically rows in the bow seat at the front of the boat.
1784:, the lightweight weight requirements can be different depending on competitive season. For fall regattas (typically head races), the lightweight cutoff for men is 165 lb and 135 lb for women. In the spring season (typically sprint races), the lightweight cutoff for men is 160 lb, with a boat average of 155 lb for the crew; for women, the lightweight cutoff is 130 lb.
717:
722:
720:
716:
1566:
721:
1448:
719:
1197:) are long, narrow, and broadly semi-circular in cross-section in order to reduce drag in the water. There is some trade off between boat speed and stability in choice of hull shape. They usually have a fin towards the rear, to help prevent roll and yaw and to increase the effectiveness of the rudder.
1705:
It is an advantage for the coxswain to be light as this requires less effort for the crew to propel the boat. In many competitive events there is a minimum weight, 55 kilograms (121 lb) under World Rowing rules, set for the coxswain to prevent unfair advantage. If a coxswain is under the minimum
1613:
The stake format was often used in early
American races. Competitors line up at the start, race to a stake, moored boat, or buoy some distance away, and return. The 180° turn requires mastery of steering. These races are popular with spectators because one may watch both the start and finish. Usually
1338:), and technique training is limited to the basic body position and movements. However, this action can still allow a workout comparable to those experienced on the water. Indoor rowing has become popular as a sport in its own right with numerous indoor competitions (and the annual World Championship
855:
Feet-out rowing, performed either collectively by all rowers or in smaller groups, involves the removal of feet from the shoes and placement of feet on top of the shoes. This drill helps rowers maintain continuous pressure on the footboard, especially during oar release. Despite challenges like early
760:
At the catch, the rower places the oar in the water and applies pressure to the oar by pushing the seat toward the bow of the boat by extending the legs, thus pushing the boat through the water. The point of placement of the spoon in the water is a relatively fixed point about which the oar serves as
2780:
1601:
is awarded. As a result, damage to boats and equipment is common during bumps racing. To avoid damage the cox of the crew being bumped may concede the bump before contact is actually made. The next day, the bumping crew will start ahead of any crews that have been bumped. The positions at the end of
1269:
in the case of sculling. A sculling oar is shorter and has a smaller spoon area than the equivalent sweep oar. The combined spoon area of a pair of sculls is however greater than that of a single sweep oar, so the oarsman when sculling is working against more water than when rowing sweep-oared. They
816:
The reverse pick drill, executed in groups of 4 or 6, isolates different aspects of the drive sequence. With the boat ‘’checked-down’’ (the boat has no speed), rowers initiate the drill with leg-only strokes, gradually adding the back and arms. The emphasis is on maintaining proper body position and
777:
and be feathered immediately once clear of the water. After feathering and extending the arms, the rower pivots the body forward. Once the hands are past the knees, the rower compresses the legs which moves the seat towards the stern of the boat. The leg compression occurs relatively slowly compared
668:
At the international level, women's rowing traditionally has been dominated by
Eastern European countries, such as Romania, Russia, and Bulgaria, although other countries such as Germany, Canada, the Netherlands, Great Britain and New Zealand often field competitive teams. The United States also has
640:
Women row in all boat classes, from single scull to coxed eights, across the same age ranges and standards as men, from junior amateur through university-level to elite athlete. Typically men and women compete in separate crews although mixed crews and mixed team events also take place. Coaching for
2105:
of these are the most common rowing injuries. If one rows with poor technique, especially rowing with a curved rather than straight back, other injuries may surface, including back pains and wrist injuries. Blisters occur for almost all rowers, especially in the beginning of one's rowing career, as
1816:
Adaptive rowing is a special category of races for those with physical disabilities. Under World Rowing rules there are 5 boat classes for adaptive rowers; mixed (2 men and 2 women plus cox) LTA (Legs, Trunk, Arms), mixed intellectual disability (2 men and 2 women plus cox) LTA (Legs, Trunk, Arms),
1223:
With the smaller boats, specialist versions of the shells for sculling can be made lighter. The riggers in sculling apply the forces symmetrically to each side of the boat, whereas in sweep oared racing these forces are staggered alternately along the boat. The sweep oared boat has to be stiffer to
785:
A controlled slide is necessary to maintain momentum and achieve optimal boat run. However, various teaching methods disagree about the optimal relation in timing between drive and recovery. Near the end of the recovery, the rower squares the oar spoon into perpendicular orientation with respect to
825:
The cut-the-cake drill typically involves the entire boat. Rowers execute the drill collectively, starting with a normal stroke and transitioning into the subsequent recovery. During this process, the entire crew pivots forward with their bodies, swings back to the finish (without letting the oars
768:
The recovery phase follows the drive. The recovery starts with the extraction and involves coordinating the body movements with the goal to move the oar back to the catch position. In extraction, the rower pushes down on the oar handle to quickly lift the spoon out of the water and rapidly rotates
1983:
holds the World Rowing
Championships with events in 22 different boat classes. Athletes generally consider the Olympic classes to be premier events. In 2017 FISA (now the World Rowing Federation) voted to adopt a new Olympic programme for 2020, whereby the lightweight men's coxless four event was
1651:
In addition to this, certain crew members have other titles and roles. In an 8+ the stern pair are responsible for setting the stroke rate and rhythm for the rest of the boat to follow. The middle four (sometimes called the "engine room" or "power house") are usually the less technical, but more
1374:
Most races that are held in the spring and summer feature side-by-side, or sprint racing; all the boats start at the same time from a stationary position, and the winner is the boat that crosses the finish line first. The number of boats in a race typically varies between two (which is sometimes
540:
which was founded 1836 and marked the beginning of rowing as an organized sport in
Germany. During the 19th century, as in England, wager matches in North America between professionals became very popular attracting vast crowds. Narragansett Boat Club was founded in 1838 exclusively for rowing.
764:
At the end of the stroke, with the oar spoon still in the water, the hands drop slightly to unload the oar so that spring energy stored in the bend of the oar gets transferred to the boat which eases removing the oar from the water and minimizes energy wasted on lifting water above the surface
807:
The forward pick drill, often used as a standard warm-up for rowing crews in groups of 4 or 6, focuses on isolating different components of the recovery and drive sequence. Starting with arms-only strokes and gradually incorporating the back, ½ slide, and full slide, rowers gain a nuanced
1753:
are restricted by the rowers' weight. According to the World Rowing
Federation, this weight category was introduced "to encourage more universality in the sport especially among nations with less statuesque people". The first lightweight events were held at the World Championships in
826:
drop in the water), then swings forward again to reach the catch position. The swinging motion, referred to as "cutting the cake," involves coordinated movements by all rowers, creating a unified and synchronized exercise aimed at improving boat balance, swing, and recovery timing.
1277:
of oars is normally painted with the colours of the club to which they belong. This greatly simplifies identification of boats at a distance. As many sports teams have logos printed on their jerseys, rowing clubs have specifically painted blades that each team is associated with.
1572:
1570:
1567:
1307:
A rowing tank is an indoor facility which attempts to mimic the conditions rowers face on open water. Rowing tanks are used primarily for off-season rowing, muscle-specific conditioning and technique training, or simply when bad weather prevents open-water training.
864:
In the eyes-closed rowing drill, performed by the whole boat, rowers execute the rowing motion with closed eyes and heightened auditory awareness. Rowers row with eyes closed, relying solely on their sense of touch and careful listening to the boat motion and the
1571:
1596:
is a multi-day race beginning with crews lined up along the river at set intervals. They start simultaneously and all pursue the boat ahead while avoiding being bumped by a boat from behind. If a crew overtakes or makes physical contact with the crew ahead, a
520:
between Oxford
University and Cambridge University first took place in 1829, and was the second intercollegiate sporting event (following the first Varsity Cricket Match by 2 years). The interest in the first Boat Race and subsequent matches led the town of
1618:, where a number of boats race out to a given point from the coast and then return fighting rough water all the way. In Irish coastal rowing the boats are in individual lanes with the races consisting of up to 3 turns to make the race distance 2.3 km.
1304:) is a way to train technique and strength by going through the same motions as rowing, with resistance(usually a large tank of water). Indoor rowing is helpful when there are no rowable bodies of water near by, or weather conditions don't permit rowing.
1245:
Oars, sometimes referred to as blades, are used to propel the boat. They are long (sculling: 250–300 cm; sweep oar: 340–360 cm) poles with one flat end about 50 cm long and 25 cm wide, called the spoon. Classic blades were made out of
660:
in London included six events for women compared with eight for men. In the US, rowing is an NCAA sport for women but not for men; though it is one of the country's oldest collegiate sports, the difference is in large part due to the requirements of
1212:
with a sandwich of honeycomb material) for strength and weight advantages. World Rowing rules specify minimum weights for each class of boat so that no individual team will gain a great advantage from the use of expensive materials or technology.
794:
Rowing technique drills are essential components of a rower's training routine, focusing on specific aspects of the rowing stroke to refine skills and enhance overall performance. These structured exercises, whether performed individually (on the
2776:
718:
485:. During the 19th century these races were to become numerous and popular, attracting large crowds. Prize matches amongst professionals similarly became popular on other rivers throughout Great Britain in the 19th century, notably on the
761:
a lever to propel the boat. As the rower's legs approach full extension, the rower pivots the torso toward the bow of the boat and then finally pulls the arms towards his or her chest. The hands meet the chest right above the diaphragm.
1569:
834:
Designed for the entire crew or smaller groups, this drill involves rowing using only a quarter or half of the slide at a high rating with a full press. It sharpens quick catches and emphasizes coordination during the recovery phase.
1614:
only two boats would race at once to avoid collision. The Green
Mountain Head Regatta continues to use the stake format, but it is run as a head race with an interval start. A similar type of racing is found in UK and Irish
1435:
In general, multi-boat competitions are organized in a series of rounds, with the fastest boats in each heat qualifying for the next round. The losing boats from each heat may be given a second chance to qualify through a
5040:
298:. There are a wide variety of course types and formats of racing, but most elite and championship level racing is conducted on calm water courses 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long with several lanes marked using buoys.
3775:
3200:
1984:
replaced by the women's heavyweight coxless four. This was done to ensure that rowing had a gender equal
Olympic programme. During Olympic years only non-Olympic boats compete at the World Championships.
1481:
of 10 – 20 seconds, and are timed over a set distance. Head courses usually vary in length from 2,000 metres (1.24 mi) to 12,000 metres (7.46 mi), though there are longer races such as the
1602:
the last race are used to set the positions on the first day of the races the next year. Oxford and
Cambridge Universities hold bumps races for their respective colleges twice a year, and there are also
1766:. As of 2021, the only Olympic lightweight boat classes are the men's and women's double sculls. Starting with the 2028 Olympic games, lightweight rowing will no longer have any events in the Olympics.
1787:
For juniors in the United States, the lightweight cutoff for men is 150 lb; for women, it is 130 lb. In the fall the weight limits are increased for women, with the cutoff being 135 lb.
1652:
powerful rowers in the crew, whilst the bow pair are the more technical and generally regarded as the pair to set up the balance of the boat. They also have most influence on the line the boat steers.
4994:
3479:
3443:
1387:
856:
leg finishing or excessive layback, feet-out rowing reinforces improved leg connection and more reasonable layback, translating on-the-water skills to the erg for a more efficient rowing experience.
286:. In sculling, each rower holds two oars, one in each hand, while in sweep rowing each rower holds one oar with both hands. There are several boat classes in which athletes may compete, ranging from
492:
Amateur competition in
England began towards the end of the 18th century the age before technology. Documentary evidence from this period is sparse, but it is known that the Monarch Boat Club of
778:
to the rest of the stroke, which affords the rower a moment to recover, and allows the boat to glide through the water. The gliding of the boat through the water during recovery is often called
808:
understanding of the interplay between these elements. The drill aims to enhance body preparation, providing rowers with a tactile sense of how each phase should seamlessly flow into the next.
5101:
5035:
1686:(or simply the cox) is the member who steers the boat using rudder strings, and coordinates the power and rhythm of the rowers, by communicating to the crew, often through a device called a
4964:
3635:
5096:
5070:
516:
the first recorded races were in 1827. Brasenose beat Jesus to win Oxford University's first Head of the River; the two clubs claim to be the oldest established boat clubs in the world.
5065:
4974:
4938:
1568:
1397:
is 2 kilometres (1.24 mi) long. In the United States, some scholastic (high school) races are 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi), while many youth races are the standard 2 kilometres.
1440:. The World Rowing Championships offers multi-lane racing in heats, finals and repechages. At Henley Royal Regatta two crews compete side by side in each round, in a straightforward
5050:
5030:
5025:
3292:
2295:
1539:
Time trials are sometimes used to determine who competes in an event where there is a limited number of entries, for example, the qualifying races for Henley Royal Regatta, and
426:(Amenophis) II was also renowned for his feats of oarsmanship, though there is some disagreement among scholars over whether there were rowing contests in ancient Egypt. In the
5127:
5060:
4959:
1739:
356:
Across six continents, 150 countries now have rowing federations that participate in the sport. Major domestic competitions take place in dominant rowing nations and include
3767:
3192:
3548:
1719:
At the elite level, the World Rowing Federation recognizes an under 19 category for athletes who are age 18 or less by the end of the calendar year for a given event. The
600:
1817:
mixed (1 man and 1 woman) TA (Trunk and Arms), and men's and women's AS (Arms and Shoulders). Events are held at the World Rowing Championships and were also held at the
5015:
2093:
Rowing is a low-impact sport with movement only in defined ranges, so that twist and sprain injuries are rare. However, the repetitive rowing action can put strain on
4029:
992:
Within each discipline, there are several boat classes. A single regatta (series of races) will often feature races for many boat classes. They are classified using:
2753:
2331:
3140:
2998:
5132:
817:
sitting tall throughout the exercise. This drill aids in isolating and understanding the distinct elements of the drive sequence and their interconnectedness.
2493:
3468:
3432:
645:
in London. The club, with signature colors a very distinct myrtle and gold, began as a women's club, but eventually allowed the admittance of men in 1901.
3610:
3514:
553:
is the oldest intercollegiate sporting event in the United States, having been contested every year since 1852 (excepting interruptions for wars and the
1003:(also referred to as cox). Coxless sweep boats are sometimes called "straight", while sculling boats are assumed to be coxless unless stated otherwise.
937:, each rower has one oar, held with both hands. There are usually an even number of rowers – two, four or eight. Each rower's oar will extend to their
3410:
4818:
4332:
541:
During an 1837 parade in Providence, R.I, a group of boatmen were pulling a longboat on wheels, which carried the oldest living survivor of the 1772
1606:
races in both cities, open to non-university crews. Oxford's races are organised by City of Oxford Rowing Club and Cambridge's are organised by the
3797:
3628:
2383:
5436:
3951:
2810:
1648:' or just 'stroke'. There are some exceptions to this – some UK coastal rowers, and in France, Spain, and Italy rowers number from stern to bow.
3861:
3016:
2441:
4803:
4471:
3248:
3055:
1227:
Many adjustments can be made to the equipment to accommodate the physiques of the crew. Collectively these adjustments are known as the boat's
656:
in Montreal increased the growth of women's rowing because it created the incentive for national rowing federations to support women's events.
3347:
3111:
1536:(as in "head of the class"). It was not deemed feasible to run bumps racing on the Tideway, so a timed format was adopted and soon caught on.
500:
were both in existence in the 1790s. The Star Club and Arrow Club in London for gentlemen amateurs were also in existence before 1800. At the
4888:
2839:
1477:/ processional races that take place from autumn (fall) to early spring (depending on local conditions). Boats begin with a rolling start at
5170:
4306:
2693:
2671:
1487:
1382:
3921:
847:
handle, emphasizing a specific body position during the recovery. This encourages proper body positioning and enhances body flexibility
3288:
2946:
2288:
2135:
749:
After the oar is placed in the water at the catch, the rower applies pressure to the oar levering the boat forward which is called the
2723:
1727:
event for this category. Athletes under 23 years of age by the end of the calendar year may compete in the under 23 category, and the
3745:
3712:
1865:
1836:
3891:
2916:
2200:
4617:
4438:
4213:
1216:
Smaller sculling boats are usually steered by the scullers pulling harder on one side or the other while larger boats often have a
2600:
5085:
4418:
489:. In America, the earliest known race dates back to 1756 in New York, when a pettiauger defeated a Cape Cod whaleboat in a race.
334:
3532:
5843:
4637:
4311:
773:. Simultaneously, the rower pushes the oar handle away from the chest. The spoon should emerge from the water perpendicular or
3380:
904:
4933:
4798:
4271:
4126:
4091:
3542:
3318:
2580:
2421:
537:
3831:
2890:
3652:
330:
2749:
5429:
4627:
4562:
4261:
3136:
2651:
2523:
1781:
669:
had very competitive crews, and in recent years these crews have become even more competitive given the surge in women's
4943:
4823:
4632:
4398:
4251:
4145:
4023:
2545:
2323:
657:
653:
337:
on the programme for the 1896 games, racing did not take place due to bad weather. Male rowers have competed since the
2994:
2868:
2779:. NPS Focus, National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, US Department of the Interior. p. 669.
5111:
4989:
4984:
4923:
4881:
4808:
4676:
3091:
2471:
2157:
2041:
1854:
1720:
1607:
1405:
or sprints, which may be 500 metres (1,640 ft) long, to longer dual races like the 6.8 kilometres (4.2 mi)
2023:
345:. Today, there are fourteen boat classes which race at the Olympics. In addition, the sport's governing body, the
5163:
5106:
5091:
5081:
5045:
4711:
4701:
4696:
4661:
4526:
1581:
799:), in groups, or whole boat provide a targeted approach to improving coordination, body positioning, and teamwork.
509:
380:
in Canada. Many other competitions often exist for racing between clubs, schools, and universities in each nation.
2497:
4241:
3314:
3222:
3038:
1759:
1755:
1209:
365:
2972:
6227:
5422:
5055:
4918:
4681:
4607:
3678:
3601:
3578:
3505:
3170:
2174:
2008:
1728:
1702:
types of boat, the coxswain lies in the bow. The cox is usually the smallest and lightest out of all the crew.
670:
326:
2361:
1812:
of the US in the mixed sculls (TA 2x) final at the Paralympics, London 2012. The rowers are fixed to the seat.
1270:
are able to do this because the body action in sculling is more anatomically efficient (due to the symmetry).
957:; this applies even if the stroke oarsman is rowing on the bow side and/or the bow oarsman on the stroke side.
6196:
5076:
4979:
4686:
4656:
4496:
4296:
4246:
4104:
3274:
2125:
1893:
1858:
1441:
649:
607:
394:
377:
1220:, controlled by the coxswain, if present, or by one of the crew using a cable attached to one of the shoes.
5917:
4874:
4777:
4546:
4541:
4393:
4373:
4266:
4206:
3402:
1640:
Rowers in multi-rower boats are numbered sequentially from the bow aft. The number-one rower is called the
17:
5156:
5010:
4732:
4706:
4587:
4521:
4476:
2437:
2238:
1972:
1675:
1615:
1228:
505:
474:
411:
373:
3768:"Rowing makes Olympic history with the inclusion of beach sprints at the Los Angeles 2028 Olympic games"
988:. The oar in the sculler's right hand extends to port and the oar in the left hand extends to starboard.
5836:
4969:
4913:
4691:
4491:
4486:
4466:
4461:
3801:
2152:
1889:
1846:
1394:
611:
350:
3943:
2803:
2241:
was first contested in 1715, rowing as a sport has recorded references back to Ancient Egyptian times.
5020:
4666:
4388:
3012:
2626:
2059:
3051:
4793:
4582:
4481:
3343:
3107:
2205:
2179:
2120:
1845:, known as FISA until recently, is the sport's international governing body. World Rowing runs the
1801:
1585:
843:
The Square-Wide-6 drill, conducted in groups of 6 or 4, requires rowers to take a wide grip on the
550:
369:
191:
2835:
1401:
rowers (rowers older than 27) often race 1,000m. However the race distance can and does vary from
641:
women is similar to that for men. The world's first women's rowing team was formed in 1896 at the
603:, was founded in 1892, and is the oldest international sports federation in the Olympic movement.
325:
competition began towards the end of the 18th century with the arrival of "boat clubs" at British
5970:
4511:
4347:
4199:
4165:
3853:
2189:
2130:
2071:
2019:
1980:
1842:
1830:
1818:
1007:
Although sweep and sculling boats are generally identical to each other (except having different
642:
513:
346:
227:
101:
5980:
4536:
4378:
4363:
4256:
3913:
2195:
2098:
1494:
1483:
1432:
is also raced upon a non-standard distance at 2,112 meters (1 mile, 550 yards).
1425:
301:
Modern rowing as a competitive sport can be traced to the early 17th century when professional
38:
4115:
The Boys in the Boat: Nine Americans and Their Epic Quest for Gold at the 1936 Berlin Olympics
4057:
6186:
6112:
5900:
5829:
5810:
5738:
5723:
5469:
4813:
1706:
weight allowance (underweight), they may have to carry weights in the boat such as sandbags.
769:
the oar so that the spoon is parallel to the water. This process is sometimes referred to as
96:
2942:
2697:
2667:
1731:
is held for these athletes. World Rowing uses the term "Senior" for events open to any age.
6079:
5860:
5852:
5681:
5609:
5560:
5137:
4612:
4531:
4516:
4506:
4501:
4448:
4433:
4301:
4114:
2727:
1763:
1455:
Head of the River, Belfast. The closer boat is being overtaken by the boat on the far side.
1429:
623:
619:
536:
is the world's oldest public rowing club. The second oldest club which still exists is the
526:
501:
361:
342:
338:
213:
209:
154:
4100:
3737:
3704:
8:
6107:
6032:
5878:
5733:
5629:
5624:
5565:
5479:
4456:
3883:
2920:
1776:
Women: Crew average 57 kilograms (126 lb) – no rower over 59 kilograms (130 lb)
1773:
Men: Crew average 70 kilograms (150 lb) – no rower over 72.5 kilograms (160 lb)
1510:
322:
70:
2015:
59:
5501:
4742:
4403:
4342:
4110:
4045:
3999:
3974:
2596:
1750:
1724:
1240:
1205:
844:
497:
406:
278:, while paddles are not connected to the boat. Rowing is divided into two disciplines:
267:
6102:
1509:, United Kingdom. Head racing was exported to the United States in the 1950s, and the
6153:
5806:
5651:
5326:
4597:
4383:
4316:
4141:
4122:
4087:
4004:
3538:
3268:
3087:
2576:
2417:
2087:
1809:
1690:
and speakers. The cox usually sits in the stern of the boat facing the rowers but in
1683:
1661:
1379:) to eight, but any number of boats can start together if the course is wide enough.
1000:
973:
635:
554:
415:
389:
291:
133:
4866:
4181:
449:
The first known "modern" rowing races began from competition among the professional
6222:
6132:
6122:
6017:
5895:
5716:
5484:
4928:
4671:
4602:
4592:
4572:
4428:
4236:
4137:
4083:
4080:
The Amateurs: The Story of Four Young Men and Their Quest for an Olympic Gold Medal
4075:
3994:
3986:
3376:
2147:
1902:
are held every four years, where only select boat classes are raced (14 in total):
1850:
1126:
585:
522:
470:
318:
255:
240:
221:
141:
6217:
6158:
6057:
5671:
5666:
5348:
4842:
4577:
4567:
4408:
3823:
3081:
2894:
2655:
2075:
1498:
1478:
1351:
1339:
1251:
996:
Number of rowers: in all forms of modern competition the number is 1, 2, 4, or 8.
950:
939:
711:, where in paddling there is no oarlock or attachment of the paddle to the boat.
573:
546:
482:
180:
3798:"Women's Rowing 101 – PatriotLeague.org – Patriot League Official Athletic Site"
3656:
2549:
730:
The rowing stroke may be characterized by two fundamental reference points: the
6022:
5975:
5907:
5873:
5790:
5785:
5516:
5474:
5464:
5450:
5295:
5217:
5189:
4854:
4762:
4622:
4368:
2864:
2251:
2083:
1952:
1919:
1805:
1641:
1627:
1176:
1145:
1075:
889:
882:
589:
454:
295:
82:
5821:
2519:
1876:
6211:
6092:
5997:
5775:
5676:
5577:
5570:
5555:
5446:
5414:
5270:
5254:
4413:
4176:
4118:
3990:
2184:
2079:
1899:
1881:
1522:
1514:
1406:
1114:
1103:
915:
682:
615:
593:
581:
565:
542:
517:
478:
357:
203:
86:
2648:
1180:
A damaged 8+, showing cross section near the bows and the skin construction.
30:
This article is about the sport. For oar powered propulsion in general, see
6168:
6052:
6037:
6012:
5960:
5940:
5930:
5885:
5756:
5691:
5661:
5634:
5604:
5592:
5538:
5533:
5390:
5358:
5305:
5244:
5239:
5227:
5207:
5197:
5185:
4767:
4752:
4737:
4647:
4423:
4101:
Paintings of Thomas Eakins, a group of rowing scenes, first and most famous
4008:
2102:
1966:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1735:
1323:
1297:
1291:
1255:
1190:
1185:
1054:
1033:
985:
981:
954:
932:
893:
695:(also interchangeably referred to as "blades"), which are held in place by
580:. Founded in 1858, it is the oldest amateur athletic governing body in the
577:
533:
493:
458:
423:
310:
287:
283:
165:
2463:
2384:"The Ancient Egyptian Rowing Stroke: Propelling the Boats of Gods and Men"
2289:"International Olympic Committee – History of rowing at the Olympic games"
1849:, as well as several other international elite competitions including the
6148:
6097:
6064:
6047:
6042:
5987:
5965:
5935:
5868:
5545:
4772:
4281:
2809:. Independence Seaport Museum, J. Welles Henderson Archives and Library.
1452:
1311:
1301:
1287:
753:
phase of the stroke. Once the rower extracts the oar from the water, the
234:
6127:
6087:
5890:
5711:
5619:
5550:
5511:
5489:
5280:
5249:
5212:
5202:
4747:
4727:
2094:
1940:
1907:
1796:
1699:
1695:
1593:
1560:
1548:
1532:, because, as with bumps racing, the fastest crew is awarded the title
1474:
1065:
1044:
977:
700:
699:(also referred to as "gates"), to propel the boat forward (towards the
486:
473:
or wealthy owners of riverside houses. The oldest surviving such race,
5275:
3226:
1644:, or just 'bow', whilst the rower closest to the stern is called the '
6163:
5728:
5706:
5696:
5506:
5148:
4337:
3162:
3083:
Words of the World: A Global History of the Oxford English Dictionary
1691:
1645:
1470:
1465:
1437:
1421:
1413:
1361:
1169:
1008:
945:
673:. Now there is usually the same number of girls and boys in a group.
560:
422:
An Egyptian funerary inscription of 1430 BC records that the warrior
4186:
3682:
3570:
2968:
2026:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1164:
6069:
5955:
5770:
5765:
5761:
5641:
5587:
5582:
5528:
5342:
5336:
5231:
4757:
2353:
2264:
2055:
1357:
1316:
963:
911:
796:
704:
662:
450:
302:
279:
271:
132:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 9 (depending on boat class and whether there is a
1742:
for these athletes, at which there are several age subcategories.
925:
Broadly, there are two ways to row, sometimes called disciplines:
6027:
6007:
5992:
5950:
5925:
5686:
5599:
5496:
5331:
5300:
5285:
3041:
sections on World Rowing Masters Regatta and World Rowing Sprints
2067:
1687:
1666:
1577:
1428:
which cover courses of approximately 4 miles (6.44 km). The
1412:
Two traditional non-standard distance shell races are the annual
708:
696:
306:
275:
4134:
The Red Rose Crew: A True Story of Women, Winning, and the Water
2777:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form"
1632:
6117:
5780:
5701:
5523:
5310:
5290:
3215:
2063:
1518:
1506:
1502:
1417:
1217:
757:
phase begins, setting up the rower's body for the next stroke.
726:
Women's single sculls final at the 28th Summer Universiade 2015
466:
462:
439:
435:
431:
427:
399:
314:
263:
31:
2411:
1525:, United States is now the largest rowing event in the world.
614:
was introduced in 1962. Rowing has also been conducted at the
434:
mentions rowing forming part of the funeral games arranged by
317:, England. Often prizes were offered by the London Guilds and
5945:
1671:
1250:, but modern blades are made from more expensive and durable
688:
687:
While rowing, the athlete sits in the boat facing toward the
259:
3626:
3137:"Feature: the impact of Olympic inclusion on women's rowing"
1738:" categories when they reach age 27. World Rowing holds the
1447:
734:, which is placement of the oar spoon in the water, and the
477:
was first contested in 1715 and is still held annually from
290:, occupied by one person, to shells with eight rowers and a
5646:
5614:
4161:
1762:
for women. Lightweight rowing was added to the Olympics in
1247:
1201:
1137:
Coxed quadruple sculls ("coxed quad", usually for juniors)
692:
2622:
2546:"The History of the Penn Athletic Club Rowing Association"
1356:
There are several formats for rowing races, often called "
465:. Prizes for wager races were often offered by the London
274:
sports in that rowing oars are attached to the boat using
4191:
2859:
2857:
2324:"The Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games rowing programme announced"
949:. In the United Kingdom, the port side is referred to as
169:
4170:
2494:"Historical context of the beginnings of rowing at Penn"
972:), one in each hand. Sculling is usually done without a
2795:
2717:
2715:
2407:
2405:
1769:
The World Rowing Federation lightweight standards are:
1493:
The oldest, and arguably most famous, head race is the
746:, when the rower removes the oar spoon from the water.
341:. Women's rowing was added to the Olympic programme in
2854:
4896:
3973:
Hosea, Timothy M.; Hannafin, Jo A. (April 26, 2012).
3193:"For US women's eight, golden road begins in college"
2917:"Australian Rowing at the World Senior Championships"
2512:
2712:
2625:(in German). Der Hamburger und Germania Ruder Club.
2402:
648:
The first international women's races were the 1954
3800:. PatriotLeague.org. April 18, 2008. Archived from
3531:Garrett, William E.; Kirkendall, Donald T. (2000).
2538:
1734:
Under World Rowing rules, athletes may compete in "
1393:The standard length races for the Olympics and the
1148:(always coxed, usually for juniors and exhibition)
811:
3403:"Top 20 Terms Coxswains Should Know: Cut the Cake"
2909:
1868:who govern the sport in their respective nations.
1501:in 1926 which takes place each March on the river
329:. Similarly, clubs were formed at colleges within
4333:List of New Zealand rowers at the Summer Olympics
4074:
4022:Inc, The Independent Rowing News (June 8, 1997).
3530:
3255:. Archived from the original on February 19, 2007
2724:"America's Oldest Intercollegiate Athletic Event"
707:in that the oar is attached to the boat using an
27:Sport where individuals or teams row boats by oar
6209:
4131:
3944:"The Physical Characteristics of an Elite Rower"
2573:Henley Royal Regatta: A celebration of 150 years
2570:
1386:A side by side race at the 2012 Olympic Games –
504:bumping races were first organised in 1815 when
5851:
1011:), they are referred to using different names:
829:
601:Fédération Internationale des Sociétés d'Aviron
5444:
3599:
3503:
2768:
2726:. Harvard University Boat Club. Archived from
512:boat clubs had the first annual race while at
438:in honour of his father. In the 13th century,
402:, illustrated in this sixteenth-century plaque
5837:
5430:
5164:
4882:
4207:
3972:
3131:
3129:
2742:
2414:The Brilliants: A History of the Leander Club
2054:Rowing is one of the few bearing sports that
1871:
576:is an association of amateur rowing clubs of
3738:"World Rowing - 2021 World Rowing Rule Book"
3705:"World Rowing - 2021 World Rowing Rule Book"
3655:. City of Oxford Rowing Club. Archived from
3371:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3338:
3336:
2318:
2316:
1884:on a German Stamp for the 1976 Olympic Games
1636:The boat positions within an 8+ rowing shell
1360:". The two most common are side by side and
629:
457:that provided ferry and taxi service on the
37:"Rower" redirects here. For other uses, see
3979:Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach
2935:
1204:, shells are now almost always made from a
5844:
5830:
5437:
5423:
5171:
5157:
4889:
4875:
4214:
4200:
3126:
2136:World Sculling Championship (Professional)
3998:
3362:
3333:
2649:http://www.rownbc.org/?id=club-info/index
2412:Burnell, Richard; Page, Geoffrey (1997).
2313:
2042:Learn how and when to remove this message
1837:Category:National members of World Rowing
1342:in Boston) during the winter off-season.
1265:in the case of sweep oar rowing and as a
398:A rowing competition is recounted in the
3052:"What makes a successful women's coach?"
1875:
1800:
1665:
1631:
1564:
1446:
1381:
1310:
1175:
1163:
713:
622:(cancelled at the first modern Games in
592:in Philadelphia, mostly on the historic
559:
405:
393:
3884:"World Rowing - Rowing and Para Rowing"
3079:
2838:. Schuylkill Navy & Boathouse Row.
2623:"Der Hamburger und Germania Ruder Club"
2474:from the original on September 28, 2006
2334:from the original on September 11, 2019
2250:"Side-by-side" is the term used in the
2058:all the major muscle groups, including
1674:of the boat, facing the rowers, at the
14:
6210:
5178:
3581:from the original on December 30, 2006
3413:from the original on February 21, 2024
3383:from the original on February 21, 2024
3344:"row2k - Erg Drills - Feet-out Rowing"
3295:from the original on February 21, 2024
2871:from the original on February 23, 2007
2783:from the original on February 27, 2014
2301:from the original on September 8, 2015
2263:"Sprint race" is the term used in the
2142:International Rowing Federation events
1670:A coxswain (far right) sitting in the
1528:These processional races are known as
789:
5825:
5418:
5152:
4870:
4439:Women's Eights Head of the River Race
4272:Head of the River (Western Australia)
4195:
3894:from the original on October 22, 2021
3778:from the original on October 14, 2023
3732:
3730:
3537:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
3163:"College DI Rowing - Home - NCAA.com"
3075:
3073:
2949:from the original on November 2, 2011
2775:Moak, Jefferson (November 27, 1983).
2721:
2468:Guildhall Library Manuscripts Section
2444:from the original on October 15, 2007
2201:U.S. intercollegiate rowing champions
1987:
1782:collegiate level in the United States
1709:
1554:
1281:
859:
786:the water and begins another stroke.
538:Der Hamburger und Germania Ruder Club
6192:
5041:Central American and Caribbean Games
4849:
3641:from the original on April 17, 2021.
3629:"The Rules of Rowing - 2020 Edition"
3616:from the original on April 10, 2021.
3520:from the original on April 10, 2021.
2804:"Schuylkill Navy Records, 1859–2009"
2774:
2520:"A History of Oxford College Rowing"
2114:
2101:and the tendons of the forearm, and
1991:
4307:Secondary School Rowing Association
4262:Head of the River (New South Wales)
4173:– Rowing Museum in Henley on Thames
4028:. The Independent Rowing News Inc.
4021:
3854:"World Rowing - Member Federations"
3715:from the original on April 18, 2021
3289:"British Rowing - Rowing Exercises"
3203:from the original on April 27, 2015
3114:from the original on April 27, 2015
3110:. World Rowing. February 23, 2015.
3100:
3080:Ogilvie, Sarah (November 1, 2012).
3058:from the original on April 23, 2015
3019:from the original on April 13, 2015
3001:from the original on April 30, 2015
2975:from the original on April 10, 2015
2865:"Virtual Library of Sports: Rowing"
2674:from the original on March 20, 2013
2603:from the original on March 23, 2013
2526:from the original on April 10, 2007
1824:
1580:at the University of Oxford, 1999:
1261:An 'oar' is often referred to as a
24:
4252:Head of the Schoolgirls (Victoria)
4068:
3954:from the original on July 24, 2020
3834:from the original on July 14, 2006
3748:from the original on July 28, 2024
3727:
3627:United States Rowing Association.
3551:from the original on July 28, 2024
3449:from the original on July 28, 2024
3350:from the original on July 28, 2024
3321:from the original on July 28, 2024
3143:from the original on July 18, 2013
3070:
3054:. World Rowing. December 8, 2014.
2842:from the original on June 26, 2015
2816:from the original on June 10, 2015
2756:from the original on July 17, 2011
2364:from the original on June 23, 2017
850:
658:Rowing at the 2012 Summer Olympics
654:rowing at the 1976 Summer Olympics
584:. The member clubs are all on the
446:included boat races among others.
25:
6239:
4995:European University Championships
4187:The maximum speed of rowing boats
4155:
3924:from the original on May 21, 2020
3864:from the original on May 16, 2021
3485:from the original on July 8, 2024
3377:"MIT Rowing Club - Rowing Drills"
3223:"Speed Rower, Competitive Rowing"
3173:from the original on May 14, 2016
3013:"2014 World Rowing Championships"
2995:"2015 World Rowing Championships"
2629:from the original on May 12, 2013
2464:"Doggett's Coat & Badge Race"
2158:World Rowing Junior Championships
2082:muscles. The sport also improves
1855:World Rowing Junior Championships
1721:World Rowing Junior Championships
1621:
1608:Cambridgeshire Rowing Association
6191:
6182:
6181:
5445:
4848:
4837:
4836:
4280:
4032:from the original on May 9, 2022
2801:
1996:
1254:material, the most common being
903:
881:
838:
812:Reverse pick (Korzinowski drill)
703:). Rowing is distinguished from
69:
58:
4399:Schools' Head of the River Race
4015:
3966:
3936:
3906:
3876:
3846:
3816:
3790:
3760:
3697:
3671:
3645:
3620:
3593:
3563:
3524:
3497:
3461:
3425:
3395:
3307:
3281:
3241:
3185:
3155:
3139:. World Rowing. June 12, 2013.
3044:
3039:International Rowing Federation
3031:
2987:
2961:
2883:
2828:
2686:
2660:
2641:
2615:
2589:
2564:
2257:
2244:
1969:(discontinued after 2024 games)
1936:(discontinued after 2024 games)
1451:Two crews racing in the annual
1369:
1345:
1210:carbon-fiber reinforced plastic
1159:
1036:(or "straight pair" or "pair")
872:
820:
802:
366:Australian Rowing Championships
4934:World University Championships
4472:Silver Goblets & Nickalls'
3253:The Amateur Rowing Association
3086:. Cambridge University Press.
2943:"Rowing Equipment and History"
2486:
2456:
2430:
2376:
2346:
2281:
2232:
2175:College rowing (United States)
1729:World Rowing U23 Championships
1388:Men's lightweight coxless four
1352:Regatta § Rowing regattas
1326:rowing machines (colloquially
652:. The introduction of women's
376:in the United States, and the
353:with twenty-two boat classes.
13:
1:
4312:University Rowing Association
4105:Max Schmitt in a Single Scull
3679:"Green Mountain Head Regatta"
2438:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
2220:
2126:Rowing at the Summer Olympics
1979:At the end of each year, the
1894:Rowing at the Summer Olympics
1857:. World Rowing also sponsors
1790:
1547:for the Oxford and Cambridge
1459:
866:
650:European Rowing Championships
608:European Rowing Championships
568:, Home of the Schuylkill Navy
378:Royal Canadian Henley Regatta
4965:African Junior Championships
4374:British Rowing Championships
4267:Head of the River (Victoria)
2274:
1740:World Rowing Masters Regatta
1582:Jesus College Men's 1st VIII
1154:
968:each rower has two oars (or
830:Quarter or half slide rowing
676:
599:The sport's governing body,
108:First modern-day competition
7:
5853:Water sports and activities
4944:World Coastal Championships
2109:
2022:the claims made and adding
1866:national member federations
1676:Head of the Charles Regatta
1655:
1511:Head of the Charles Regatta
374:Head of the Charles Regatta
364:in the United Kingdom, the
10:
6244:
4990:European U19 Championships
4985:European U23 Championships
4975:Asian Junior Championships
4939:World Indoor Championships
4924:World Junior Championships
4819:School and university oars
4677:World Junior Championships
4221:
3534:Exercise and Sport Science
3315:"Concept2 - Rowing Drills"
3249:"British Rowing Technique"
2153:World Rowing Championships
1890:World Rowing Championships
1887:
1872:International competitions
1864:World Rowing has over 155
1847:World Rowing Championships
1834:
1828:
1794:
1659:
1625:
1558:
1463:
1395:World Rowing Championships
1349:
1285:
1238:
1208:(usually a double skin of
1183:
1168:Racing shells stored in a
953:and the starboard side as
680:
633:
612:World Rowing Championships
387:
383:
351:World Rowing Championships
36:
29:
6177:
6141:
6078:
5916:
5859:
5799:
5749:
5457:
5389:
5357:
5319:
5263:
5226:
5184:
5120:
5003:
4952:
4906:
4832:
4809:Rowing boat manufacturers
4786:
4720:
4646:
4555:
4447:
4394:National Schools' Regatta
4356:
4325:
4289:
4278:
4229:
4171:River & Rowing Museum
4132:Boyne, Daniel J. (2000).
3273:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2571:Burnell, Richard (1989).
2169:College/university rowing
1745:
1513:held each October on the
1106:(or "single" or "scull")
630:History of women's rowing
233:
220:
202:
197:
187:
175:
161:
150:
140:
128:
120:
115:
107:
94:
51:
4794:Glossary of rowing terms
3991:10.1177/1941738112442484
2647:Narragansett Boat Club:
2597:"History - Leander Club"
2354:"FISA - worldrowing.com"
2239:Doggett's Coat and Badge
2225:
2206:Varsity (rowing regatta)
2121:Glossary of rowing terms
1751:Lightweight boat classes
475:Doggett's Coat and Badge
412:Doggett's Coat and Badge
192:Glossary of rowing terms
4919:World U23 Championships
4682:World U23 Championships
4177:How Rowing Really Works
4166:World Rowing Federation
3600:British Rowing (2021).
3504:British Rowing (2021).
2190:The Great Race (rowing)
2131:The Championship Course
1981:World Rowing Federation
1843:World Rowing Federation
1831:World Rowing Federation
1819:2008 Summer Paralympics
643:Furnivall Sculling Club
606:FISA first organized a
588:where it flows through
347:World Rowing Federation
102:World Rowing Federation
6103:Outrigger canoe racing
5102:South East Asian Games
5036:Central American Games
4980:European Championships
4687:European Championships
4608:Head of the Schuylkill
4389:Henley Women's Regatta
4379:Head of the River Race
3950:. September 21, 2018.
2196:University rowing (UK)
1885:
1859:rowing at the Olympics
1813:
1714:
1694:, usually seen in the
1679:
1637:
1589:
1495:Head of the River Race
1484:Boston Rowing Marathon
1456:
1444:, with no repechages.
1426:Harvard-Yale Boat Race
1390:
1320:
1234:
1181:
1173:
1085:Sculling boat classes:
727:
569:
564:Philadelphia's iconic
419:
403:
39:Rower (disambiguation)
6228:Summer Olympic sports
6113:Synchronized swimming
5811:Winter Olympic sports
5739:Greco-Roman wrestling
5451:Summer Olympic sports
5128:World Masters Regatta
4960:African Championships
4182:The Physics of Rowing
3824:"Paralympic/Adaptive"
3317:. December 16, 2020.
2836:"Boathouse Row Clubs"
2575:. William Heinemann.
1879:
1804:
1669:
1635:
1575:
1450:
1385:
1314:
1200:Originally made from
1179:
1167:
1057:(or "straight four")
725:
626:due to bad weather).
563:
496:and the Isis Club of
409:
397:
146:Separate competitions
5750:Discretionary sports
5138:Coupe de la Jeunesse
5097:South American Games
5071:Military World Games
4613:Poughkeepsie Regatta
4449:Henley Royal Regatta
4302:Rowing Canada Aviron
4242:Rowing Championships
3603:2021 Rules of Racing
3507:2021 Rules of Racing
3199:. October 21, 2012.
2180:Harvard–Yale Regatta
1486:and shorter such as
1430:Henley Royal Regatta
1319:"Model C" ergometers
771:feathering the blade
738:, also known as the
551:Harvard–Yale Regatta
525:to begin hosting an
502:University of Oxford
370:Harvard–Yale Regatta
362:Henley Royal Regatta
339:1900 Summer Olympics
256:in the United States
216:(both men and women)
6108:Synchronized diving
5918:Activities on water
5861:Activities in water
5734:Freestyle wrestling
5630:Rhythmic gymnastics
5625:Artistic gymnastics
5306:Thames racing skiff
5112:Youth Olympic Games
5066:Mediterranean Games
4970:Asian Championships
4914:World Championships
4692:Asian Championships
4667:World Championships
4111:Brown, Daniel James
3804:on January 16, 2013
3659:on October 24, 2010
2358:www.worldrowing.com
1965:Lightweight Women:
1555:Other race formats
1015:Sweep boat classes:
999:Whether there is a
790:Technique exercises
610:in 1893. An annual
349:, holds the annual
97:governing body
48:
6098:Dragon boat racing
5179:Oared racing boats
5082:Pan American Games
5046:Commonwealth Games
4712:Commonwealth Games
4702:Pan American Games
4527:Princess Elizabeth
4404:Scottish Boat Race
4343:Rowing New Zealand
4326:New Zealand rowing
4056:has generic name (
3469:"Water Drills PDF"
3433:"Water Drills PDF"
2897:on January 2, 2007
2694:"Begin-1849images"
2668:"Begin-1849images"
2654:2018-09-16 at the
2388:Hear The Boat Sing
2007:possibly contains
1988:Fitness and health
1886:
1814:
1725:world championship
1710:Athlete categories
1680:
1638:
1590:
1457:
1391:
1336:"ergs don't float"
1321:
1296:Indoor rowing (on
1282:Training equipment
1241:Oar (sport rowing)
1206:composite material
1182:
1174:
1092:Boat abbreviation
1022:Boat abbreviation
860:Eyes-closed rowing
728:
570:
498:Westminster School
420:
410:The finish of the
404:
368:in Australia, the
270:. It differs from
212:(men only); since
46:
6205:
6204:
6154:Modern pentathlon
5819:
5818:
5807:Paralympic sports
5652:Modern pentathlon
5480:Marathon Swimming
5412:
5411:
5327:Cornish pilot gig
5320:Coastal and ocean
5264:Traditional boats
5146:
5145:
4864:
4863:
4598:Head of the Hooch
4434:Women's Boat Race
4419:University rowing
4384:Henley Boat Races
4317:Head of the Trent
4247:Head of the River
4230:Australian rowing
4164:– website of the
4127:978-1-101-62274-2
4093:978-0-449-91003-0
4076:Halberstam, David
3975:"Rowing Injuries"
3685:on March 13, 2005
3544:978-0-683-03421-9
3108:"Women in rowing"
3037:See for example,
2752:. Living Places.
2722:Veneziano, John.
2700:on March 20, 2013
2582:978-0-434-98134-2
2500:on August 8, 2008
2423:978-0-9500061-1-6
2330:. June 12, 2017.
2217:
2216:
2088:muscular strength
2052:
2051:
2044:
2009:original research
1932:Lightweight Men:
1662:Coxswain (rowing)
1573:
1534:Head of the River
1375:referred to as a
1152:
1151:
1082:
1081:
723:
671:collegiate rowing
555:COVID-19 pandemic
532:Founded in 1818,
506:Brasenose College
442:festivals called
416:Thomas Rowlandson
390:History of rowing
246:
245:
16:(Redirected from
6235:
6195:
6194:
6185:
6184:
6133:Water volleyball
6123:Water basketball
5846:
5839:
5832:
5823:
5822:
5717:Beach volleyball
5458:Mandatory sports
5449:
5439:
5432:
5425:
5416:
5415:
5173:
5166:
5159:
5150:
5149:
5092:Paralympic Games
5056:Friendship Games
5051:East Asian Games
5031:Bolivarian Games
5026:Asian Para Games
4891:
4884:
4877:
4868:
4867:
4852:
4851:
4840:
4839:
4824:World best times
4672:World Rowing Cup
4662:Paralympic Games
4603:Head of the Ohio
4593:Head of the Fish
4429:Wingfield Sculls
4284:
4237:Rowing Australia
4216:
4209:
4202:
4193:
4192:
4151:
4138:Ballantine Books
4097:
4084:Ballantine Books
4062:
4061:
4055:
4051:
4049:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4002:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3734:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3681:. Archived from
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3633:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3608:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3512:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3484:
3473:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3448:
3437:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3373:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3340:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3272:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3225:. Archived from
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3197:The Boston Globe
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3048:
3042:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3015:. World Rowing.
3010:
3008:
3006:
2997:. World Rowing.
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2971:. World Rowing.
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2923:on June 14, 2013
2919:. Archived from
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2893:. Archived from
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2815:
2808:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2730:on July 19, 2011
2719:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2696:. Archived from
2690:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2664:
2658:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2599:. Leander Club.
2593:
2587:
2586:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2552:on June 20, 2010
2548:. Archived from
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2496:. Archived from
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2416:. Leander Club.
2409:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2320:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2300:
2293:
2285:
2268:
2267:Rules of Rowing.
2261:
2255:
2254:Rules of Racing.
2248:
2242:
2236:
2148:Rowing World Cup
2115:
2047:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2024:inline citations
2000:
1999:
1992:
1851:World Rowing Cup
1825:Governing bodies
1586:Hertford College
1576:A "bump" during
1574:
1442:knock-out format
1127:quadruple sculls
1089:
1088:
1019:
1018:
907:
885:
724:
586:Schuylkill River
523:Henley-on-Thames
471:Livery Companies
319:Livery Companies
73:
62:
49:
45:
21:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6232:
6208:
6207:
6206:
6201:
6173:
6137:
6074:
5912:
5855:
5850:
5820:
5815:
5795:
5745:
5561:Mountain biking
5453:
5443:
5413:
5408:
5385:
5361:boats - Classic
5353:
5349:Celtic longboat
5315:
5259:
5222:
5180:
5177:
5147:
5142:
5116:
4999:
4948:
4902:
4895:
4865:
4860:
4828:
4782:
4721:Types of rowing
4716:
4642:
4578:Eastern Sprints
4551:
4497:Prince of Wales
4443:
4409:Scottish Rowing
4364:Boston Marathon
4352:
4321:
4297:Canadian Henley
4290:Canadian rowing
4285:
4276:
4225:
4220:
4158:
4148:
4094:
4071:
4069:Further reading
4066:
4065:
4053:
4052:
4043:
4042:
4035:
4033:
4020:
4016:
3971:
3967:
3957:
3955:
3948:Setanta College
3942:
3941:
3937:
3927:
3925:
3920:. May 9, 2012.
3912:
3911:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3837:
3835:
3828:WorldRowing.com
3822:
3821:
3817:
3807:
3805:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3781:
3779:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3751:
3749:
3744:. p. 102.
3736:
3735:
3728:
3718:
3716:
3711:. p. 103.
3703:
3702:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3638:
3631:
3625:
3621:
3613:
3606:
3598:
3594:
3584:
3582:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3554:
3552:
3545:
3529:
3525:
3517:
3510:
3502:
3498:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3375:
3374:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3266:
3265:
3258:
3256:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3229:on June 9, 2009
3221:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3127:
3117:
3115:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3078:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3020:
3011:
3004:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2750:"Boathouse Row"
2748:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2720:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2677:
2675:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2656:Wayback Machine
2646:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2583:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2424:
2410:
2403:
2393:
2391:
2390:. March 2, 2018
2382:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2328:worldrowing.com
2322:
2321:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2271:
2262:
2258:
2249:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2163:
2112:
2048:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2013:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1896:
1888:Main articles:
1874:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1799:
1793:
1748:
1717:
1712:
1664:
1658:
1630:
1624:
1565:
1563:
1557:
1499:Steve Fairbairn
1468:
1462:
1372:
1354:
1348:
1340:CRASH-B Sprints
1294:
1284:
1243:
1237:
1188:
1162:
1157:
1078:(always coxed)
923:
922:
921:
920:
919:
908:
899:
898:
897:
886:
875:
862:
853:
851:Feet-out rowing
841:
832:
823:
814:
805:
792:
714:
685:
679:
638:
632:
574:Schuylkill Navy
547:Yale University
392:
386:
251:, often called
181:artificial lake
116:Characteristics
90:
79:
78:
77:
76:
75:
74:
65:
64:
63:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6241:
6231:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6189:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6084:
6082:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6061:
6060:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6023:Stone skipping
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5976:Paddleboarding
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5922:
5920:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5908:Water aerobics
5905:
5904:
5903:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5871:
5865:
5863:
5857:
5856:
5849:
5848:
5841:
5834:
5826:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5813:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5759:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5736:
5726:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5682:Sport climbing
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5638:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5526:
5521:
5520:
5519:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5454:
5442:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5419:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5400:
5396:
5394:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5362:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5351:
5346:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5296:Sampan panjang
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5236:
5234:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5194:
5192:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5153:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5079:
5074:
5068:
5063:
5061:Goodwill Games
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5007:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4956:
4954:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4903:
4897:International
4894:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4871:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4846:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4763:Stern sculling
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4653:
4651:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4623:Stotesbury Cup
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4563:College rowing
4559:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4547:Princess Royal
4544:
4542:Princess Grace
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4453:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4369:British Rowing
4366:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4348:The Great Race
4345:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4219:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4168:
4157:
4156:External links
4154:
4153:
4152:
4147:978-1592287581
4146:
4129:
4108:
4098:
4092:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4014:
3985:(3): 236–245.
3965:
3935:
3914:"Muscles Used"
3905:
3875:
3845:
3815:
3789:
3759:
3726:
3696:
3670:
3644:
3619:
3592:
3575:Concept2.co.uk
3562:
3543:
3523:
3513:. p. 10.
3496:
3460:
3424:
3394:
3361:
3332:
3306:
3280:
3240:
3214:
3184:
3154:
3125:
3099:
3092:
3069:
3043:
3030:
2986:
2960:
2934:
2908:
2891:"World Rowing"
2882:
2853:
2827:
2794:
2767:
2741:
2711:
2685:
2659:
2640:
2614:
2588:
2581:
2563:
2537:
2511:
2485:
2455:
2429:
2422:
2401:
2375:
2345:
2312:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2256:
2252:British Rowing
2243:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2086:endurance and
2084:cardiovascular
2050:
2049:
2004:
2002:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1973:Coastal rowing
1970:
1963:
1937:
1930:
1880:Rowing at the
1873:
1870:
1826:
1823:
1806:Oksana Masters
1795:Main article:
1792:
1789:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1747:
1744:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1660:Main article:
1657:
1654:
1628:Boat positions
1626:Main article:
1623:
1622:Boat positions
1620:
1616:coastal rowing
1556:
1553:
1551:respectively.
1464:Main article:
1461:
1458:
1371:
1368:
1347:
1344:
1283:
1280:
1239:Main article:
1236:
1233:
1193:(often called
1184:Main article:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:Octuple sculls
1143:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1117:(or "double")
1112:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1005:
1004:
997:
990:
989:
958:
909:
902:
901:
900:
887:
880:
879:
878:
877:
876:
874:
871:
861:
858:
852:
849:
840:
837:
831:
828:
822:
819:
813:
810:
804:
801:
791:
788:
681:Main article:
678:
675:
636:Women's rowing
634:Main article:
631:
628:
590:Fairmount Park
527:annual regatta
455:United Kingdom
414:. Painting by
388:Main article:
385:
382:
327:public schools
244:
243:
237:
231:
230:
224:
218:
217:
206:
200:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
183:, canal, ocean
177:
173:
172:
163:
159:
158:
152:
148:
147:
144:
138:
137:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
99:
92:
91:
80:
68:
67:
66:
57:
56:
55:
54:
53:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6240:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6198:
6190:
6188:
6180:
6179:
6176:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6159:Sailing races
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6140:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6093:Dinghy racing
6091:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6081:
6077:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5998:Riverboarding
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5919:
5915:
5909:
5906:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5847:
5842:
5840:
5835:
5833:
5828:
5827:
5824:
5812:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5776:Flag football
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5748:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5724:Weightlifting
5722:
5718:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5677:Skateboarding
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5572:
5571:Track cycling
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5556:Freestyle BMX
5554:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5440:
5435:
5433:
5428:
5426:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5388:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5262:
5256:
5255:Octuple scull
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5174:
5169:
5167:
5162:
5160:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5133:World Sprints
5131:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5011:African Games
5009:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4951:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4900:
4892:
4887:
4885:
4880:
4878:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4857:
4856:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4814:Rowing venues
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4804:National oars
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4707:African Games
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4657:Olympic Games
4655:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4522:Prince Albert
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4477:Double Sculls
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4414:The Boat Race
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4283:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4217:
4212:
4210:
4205:
4203:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4149:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4119:Penguin Books
4116:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4059:
4047:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4018:
4010:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3969:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3909:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3733:
3731:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3612:
3605:
3604:
3596:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3527:
3516:
3509:
3508:
3500:
3481:
3477:
3470:
3464:
3445:
3441:
3434:
3428:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3320:
3316:
3310:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3276:
3270:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3095:
3093:9781139789530
3089:
3085:
3084:
3076:
3074:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3040:
3034:
3018:
3014:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2812:
2805:
2802:Good, Megan.
2798:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2716:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2644:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2584:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2425:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2406:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2338:September 11,
2333:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2297:
2290:
2284:
2280:
2266:
2260:
2253:
2247:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2213:
2208:(Netherlands)
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:(New Zealand)
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:The Boat Race
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2046:
2043:
2035:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2005:This section
2003:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1982:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:Olympic Games
1895:
1891:
1883:
1882:Olympic Games
1878:
1869:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1634:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1523:Massachusetts
1520:
1516:
1515:Charles River
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1497:, founded by
1496:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1178:
1171:
1166:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1115:Double sculls
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1104:Single sculls
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1002:
998:
995:
994:
993:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
966:
965:
959:
956:
952:
948:
947:
942:
941:
936:
935:
934:
928:
927:
926:
917:
916:double sculls
913:
906:
895:
891:
884:
870:
868:
857:
848:
846:
839:Square-Wide-6
836:
827:
818:
809:
800:
798:
787:
783:
781:
776:
772:
766:
765:(splashing).
762:
758:
756:
752:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
691:and uses the
690:
684:
683:Rowing stroke
674:
672:
666:
664:
659:
655:
651:
646:
644:
637:
627:
625:
621:
617:
616:Olympic Games
613:
609:
604:
602:
597:
595:
594:Boathouse Row
591:
587:
583:
582:United States
579:
575:
567:
566:Boathouse Row
562:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
519:
518:The Boat Race
515:
511:
510:Jesus College
507:
503:
499:
495:
490:
488:
484:
480:
479:London Bridge
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
417:
413:
408:
401:
396:
391:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
358:The Boat Race
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
288:single sculls
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
254:
250:
242:
238:
236:
232:
229:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
205:
201:
196:
193:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
167:
164:
160:
156:
153:
149:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
110:
106:
103:
100:
98:
93:
88:
87:single sculls
84:
72:
61:
50:
44:
40:
33:
19:
6169:Yacht racing
6142:Competitions
6053:Water skiing
6038:Wakeboarding
6013:Skimboarding
6002:
5971:Kneeboarding
5961:Kiteboarding
5941:Cable skiing
5931:Bodyboarding
5901:synchronized
5886:Scuba diving
5879:synchronized
5803:
5692:Table tennis
5662:Rugby sevens
5656:
5635:Trampolining
5605:Field hockey
5593:Show jumping
5566:Road cycling
5539:Canoe sprint
5534:Canoe slalom
5393:boats - Open
5391:Ocean rowing
5359:Ocean rowing
5341:
5245:Double scull
5240:Single scull
5208:Coxless four
5198:Coxless pair
4901:competitions
4898:
4853:
4841:
4753:Racing shell
4738:Indoor rower
4648:World Rowing
4583:Harvard–Yale
4467:Queen Mother
4424:Welsh Rowing
4222:
4162:World Rowing
4133:
4079:
4034:. Retrieved
4024:
4017:
3982:
3978:
3968:
3956:. Retrieved
3947:
3938:
3926:. Retrieved
3917:
3908:
3896:. Retrieved
3888:World Rowing
3887:
3878:
3866:. Retrieved
3858:World Rowing
3857:
3848:
3838:December 23,
3836:. Retrieved
3827:
3818:
3806:. Retrieved
3802:the original
3792:
3780:. Retrieved
3772:World Rowing
3771:
3762:
3750:. Retrieved
3742:World Rowing
3741:
3717:. Retrieved
3709:World Rowing
3708:
3699:
3687:. Retrieved
3683:the original
3673:
3661:. Retrieved
3657:the original
3647:
3622:
3602:
3595:
3583:. Retrieved
3574:
3565:
3555:November 20,
3553:. Retrieved
3533:
3526:
3506:
3499:
3489:February 21,
3487:. Retrieved
3475:
3463:
3453:February 21,
3451:. Retrieved
3439:
3427:
3417:February 21,
3415:. Retrieved
3406:
3397:
3387:February 21,
3385:. Retrieved
3354:February 21,
3352:. Retrieved
3325:February 21,
3323:. Retrieved
3309:
3299:February 21,
3297:. Retrieved
3283:
3259:December 23,
3257:. Retrieved
3252:
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3227:the original
3217:
3205:. Retrieved
3196:
3187:
3175:. Retrieved
3166:
3157:
3145:. Retrieved
3116:. Retrieved
3102:
3082:
3060:. Retrieved
3046:
3033:
3021:. Retrieved
3003:. Retrieved
2989:
2977:. Retrieved
2963:
2951:. Retrieved
2937:
2925:. Retrieved
2921:the original
2911:
2901:December 31,
2899:. Retrieved
2895:the original
2885:
2873:. Retrieved
2844:. Retrieved
2830:
2818:. Retrieved
2797:
2785:. Retrieved
2770:
2758:. Retrieved
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2728:the original
2702:. Retrieved
2698:the original
2688:
2676:. Retrieved
2662:
2643:
2631:. Retrieved
2617:
2605:. Retrieved
2591:
2572:
2566:
2554:. Retrieved
2550:the original
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2514:
2502:. Retrieved
2498:the original
2488:
2478:December 23,
2476:. Retrieved
2467:
2458:
2448:December 23,
2446:. Retrieved
2432:
2413:
2392:. Retrieved
2387:
2378:
2366:. Retrieved
2357:
2348:
2336:. Retrieved
2327:
2303:. Retrieved
2283:
2259:
2246:
2234:
2211:
2162:
2103:inflammation
2092:
2053:
2038:
2029:
2006:
1978:
1967:double scull
1961:coxless pair
1957:coxless four
1949:single scull
1945:double scull
1934:double scull
1928:coxless pair
1924:coxless four
1916:single scull
1912:double scull
1897:
1863:
1840:
1815:
1786:
1779:
1768:
1758:for men and
1749:
1733:
1718:
1704:
1681:
1650:
1639:
1612:
1603:
1598:
1591:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1492:
1469:
1434:
1411:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1376:
1373:
1370:Side by side
1366:
1355:
1346:Race formats
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1306:
1298:indoor rower
1295:
1292:Indoor rower
1274:
1272:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1256:carbon fiber
1244:
1226:
1222:
1215:
1199:
1194:
1191:Racing boats
1189:
1186:Racing shell
1160:Racing shell
1129:(or "quad")
1084:
1083:
1055:Coxless four
1034:Coxless pair
1014:
1013:
1006:
991:
969:
962:
961:
944:
938:
933:sweep rowing
931:
930:
924:
894:coxless pair
873:Boat classes
863:
854:
842:
833:
824:
821:Cut-the-cake
815:
806:
803:Forward pick
793:
784:
779:
774:
770:
767:
763:
759:
754:
750:
748:
743:
739:
735:
731:
729:
686:
667:
647:
639:
605:
598:
578:Philadelphia
571:
534:Leander Club
531:
494:Eton College
491:
459:River Thames
448:
443:
421:
355:
311:River Thames
305:held races (
300:
284:sweep rowing
266:boats using
252:
248:
247:
166:Racing shell
129:Team members
43:
18:Sport rowing
6149:Boat racing
6080:Team sports
6065:Windsurfing
6048:Wakesurfing
6043:Wakeskating
5988:Parasailing
5966:Kiteboating
5936:Bodysurfing
5869:Aquajogging
5107:Universiade
5073:(demo only)
5021:Asian Games
5004:Multi-sport
4953:Continental
4773:Rowing tank
4743:Lightweight
4697:Universiade
4054:|last=
4025:Rowing News
3898:October 22,
3782:October 15,
3689:January 27,
3663:January 20,
3478:. Unknown.
3476:Squarespace
3442:. Unknown.
3440:Squarespace
3409:. Unknown.
3407:ReadyAllRow
3233:February 5,
2927:January 17,
2875:January 17,
2734:January 17,
2556:January 17,
2530:January 17,
2504:January 25,
2095:knee joints
1975:(from 2028)
1549:Bumps races
1302:rowing tank
1288:Rowing tank
1095:Boat class
1025:Boat class
951:stroke side
543:Gaspee Raid
235:World Games
155:Water sport
6212:Categories
6128:Water polo
6088:Canoe polo
5891:Snorkeling
5712:Volleyball
5620:Gymnastics
5578:Equestrian
5551:BMX racing
5512:Basketball
5490:Water polo
5281:Frejgatina
5250:Quad scull
5228:Fine boats
5213:Coxed four
5203:Coxed pair
5186:Fine boats
5016:Arab Games
4728:Bumps race
4257:King's Cup
3585:January 2,
2820:October 7,
2221:References
2032:March 2018
2016:improve it
1941:quad scull
1908:quad scull
1835:See also:
1829:See also:
1797:Pararowing
1791:Pararowing
1700:coxed pair
1696:coxed four
1692:bowloaders
1604:Town Bumps
1594:bumps race
1561:Bumps race
1559:See also:
1545:getting on
1530:Head Races
1488:Pairs Head
1475:time trial
1471:Head races
1460:Head races
1362:head races
1350:See also:
1286:See also:
1066:Coxed four
1045:Coxed pair
736:extraction
222:Paralympic
85:(top) and
6164:Triathlon
5804:See also:
5729:Wrestling
5707:Triathlon
5697:Taekwondo
5507:Badminton
5502:Athletics
4929:World Cup
4799:Club oars
4556:US rowing
4512:Britannia
4492:Visitors'
4462:Stewards'
4357:UK rowing
4338:Maadi Cup
4046:cite book
3808:March 20,
3752:April 19,
3719:April 19,
3207:April 19,
3147:April 19,
3118:April 19,
3062:April 19,
3023:April 19,
3005:April 19,
2979:April 19,
2760:April 30,
2633:March 20,
2607:March 20,
2275:Footnotes
2080:abdominal
2056:exercises
2020:verifying
1810:Rob Jones
1646:strokeman
1541:rowing on
1479:intervals
1466:Head race
1438:repechage
1422:Cambridge
1414:Boat Race
1407:Boat Race
1377:dual race
1324:Ergometer
1315:A row of
1252:synthetic
1170:boathouse
1155:Equipment
946:starboard
677:Technique
529:in 1839.
514:Cambridge
424:Amenhotep
335:Cambridge
309:) on the
294:, called
258:, is the
162:Equipment
157:, outdoor
142:Mixed-sex
6187:Category
6070:Yachting
6058:barefoot
6018:Skurfing
5956:Kayaking
5946:Canoeing
5896:Swimming
5786:Lacrosse
5766:Softball
5762:Baseball
5757:Breaking
5672:Shooting
5642:Handball
5610:Football
5588:Eventing
5583:Dressage
5529:Canoeing
5485:Swimming
5470:Artistic
5465:Aquatics
5343:Trainera
5337:Surfboat
5232:Sculling
5077:Olympics
4843:Category
4758:Sculling
4573:Dad Vail
4537:Remenham
4113:(2013).
4078:(1985).
4030:Archived
4009:23016093
3958:July 24,
3952:Archived
3928:July 24,
3922:Archived
3918:Concept2
3892:Archived
3868:April 8,
3862:Archived
3832:Archived
3776:Archived
3746:Archived
3713:Archived
3636:Archived
3611:Archived
3579:Archived
3571:"Racing"
3549:Archived
3515:Archived
3480:Archived
3444:Archived
3411:Archived
3381:Archived
3348:Archived
3319:Archived
3293:Archived
3269:cite web
3201:Archived
3171:Archived
3167:NCAA.com
3141:Archived
3112:Archived
3056:Archived
3017:Archived
2999:Archived
2973:Archived
2969:"Rowing"
2953:July 10,
2947:Archived
2869:Archived
2846:June 26,
2840:Archived
2811:Archived
2781:Archived
2754:Archived
2704:June 12,
2678:June 12,
2672:Archived
2652:Archived
2627:Archived
2601:Archived
2524:Archived
2472:Archived
2442:Archived
2394:April 8,
2362:Archived
2332:Archived
2296:Archived
2265:USRowing
2110:See also
1684:coxswain
1656:Coxswain
1424:and the
1416:between
1358:regattas
1317:Concept2
1125:Coxless
1001:coxswain
974:coxswain
964:sculling
955:bow side
912:sculling
867:coxswain
755:recovery
705:paddling
697:oarlocks
663:Title IX
451:watermen
440:Venetian
307:regattas
303:watermen
292:coxswain
280:sculling
276:rowlocks
272:paddling
239:Indoor:
198:Presence
188:Glossary
134:coxswain
95:Highest
89:(bottom)
6223:Boating
6197:Commons
6028:Surfing
6008:Sailing
5993:Rafting
5981:standup
5951:Fishing
5926:Boating
5771:Cricket
5687:Surfing
5667:Sailing
5600:Fencing
5546:Cycling
5497:Archery
5382:Sixteen
5332:Currach
5301:Sandolo
5286:Gondola
5276:Dgħajsa
4855:Commons
4778:Women's
4733:Coastal
4628:NCAA D1
4568:CRASH-B
4487:Ladies'
4482:Diamond
4000:3435926
3653:"Bumps"
3177:June 6,
2368:June 6,
2305:June 6,
2068:triceps
2014:Please
1939:Women:
1780:At the
1736:Masters
1723:is the
1688:cox box
1578:Torpids
1399:Masters
1229:rigging
1009:riggers
986:singles
982:doubles
744:release
709:oarlock
483:Chelsea
453:in the
384:History
323:Amateur
204:Olympic
179:River,
121:Contact
6218:Rowing
6118:Waboba
6033:Tubing
6003:Rowing
5874:Diving
5791:Squash
5781:Karate
5702:Tennis
5657:Rowing
5524:Boxing
5475:Diving
5311:Wherry
5291:Kajjik
5271:Cutter
5086:Junior
4899:rowing
4650:events
4532:Fawley
4517:Temple
4507:Wyfold
4502:Thames
4223:Rowing
4144:
4125:
4107:(1871)
4090:
4036:May 9,
4007:
3997:
3541:
3090:
2787:May 7,
2579:
2420:
2212:
2097:, the
2076:glutes
2064:biceps
1959:, and
1926:, and
1808:&
1746:Weight
1642:bowman
1584:catch
1519:Boston
1507:London
1503:Thames
1418:Oxford
1403:dashes
1218:rudder
1195:shells
970:sculls
914:boat (
892:boat (
775:square
740:finish
618:since
549:. The
467:Guilds
463:London
444:regata
436:Aeneas
432:Virgil
428:Aeneid
400:Aeneid
331:Oxford
315:London
296:eights
264:racing
249:Rowing
226:since
208:since
47:Rowing
32:Rowing
5379:Eight
5218:Eight
5190:Sweep
5121:Other
4907:World
4787:Lists
4768:Sweep
4618:SRAAA
4457:Grand
3639:(PDF)
3632:(PDF)
3614:(PDF)
3607:(PDF)
3518:(PDF)
3511:(PDF)
3483:(PDF)
3472:(PDF)
3447:(PDF)
3436:(PDF)
2814:(PDF)
2807:(PDF)
2299:(PDF)
2292:(PDF)
2226:Notes
2099:spine
2060:quads
1953:eight
1920:eight
1906:Men:
1672:stern
1453:Lagan
1300:, or
1275:spoon
1267:scull
1263:blade
1076:Eight
978:quads
890:sweep
751:drive
732:catch
689:stern
260:sport
176:Venue
111:1715
83:eight
5809:and
5647:Judo
5615:Golf
5405:Four
5402:Pair
5399:Solo
5373:Four
5370:Pair
5367:Solo
4748:Para
4638:ACRA
4588:HOCR
4142:ISBN
4123:ISBN
4088:ISBN
4058:help
4038:2022
4005:PMID
3960:2020
3930:2020
3900:2021
3870:2021
3840:2006
3810:2013
3784:2023
3754:2021
3721:2021
3691:2007
3665:2011
3587:2007
3557:2020
3539:ISBN
3491:2024
3455:2024
3419:2024
3389:2024
3356:2024
3327:2024
3301:2024
3275:link
3261:2006
3235:2009
3209:2015
3179:2017
3149:2015
3120:2015
3088:ISBN
3064:2015
3025:2015
3007:2015
2981:2015
2955:2011
2929:2007
2903:2006
2877:2007
2848:2015
2822:2013
2789:2010
2762:2010
2736:2007
2706:2013
2680:2013
2635:2013
2609:2013
2577:ISBN
2558:2007
2532:2007
2506:2007
2480:2006
2450:2006
2418:ISBN
2396:2021
2370:2017
2340:2019
2307:2017
2078:and
2072:lats
1898:The
1892:and
1853:and
1841:The
1764:1996
1760:1985
1756:1974
1698:and
1682:The
1599:bump
1543:and
1473:are
1420:and
1332:ergo
1328:ergs
1290:and
1273:The
1248:wood
1202:wood
1142:8x+
1134:4x+
940:port
693:oars
624:1896
620:1900
572:The
508:and
487:Tyne
469:and
372:and
360:and
343:1976
333:and
282:and
268:oars
253:crew
241:2017
228:2008
214:1976
210:1900
170:oars
151:Type
5517:3x3
5376:Six
4633:IRA
4103:is
3995:PMC
3987:doi
2018:by
1715:Age
1517:in
1505:in
1330:or
1235:Oar
1122:4x
1111:2x
1100:1x
1072:8+
1062:4+
1051:4-
1041:2+
1030:2-
984:or
976:in
960:In
943:or
929:In
845:oar
797:erg
780:run
742:or
701:bow
557:).
481:to
461:in
313:in
262:of
81:An
6214::
5764:/
5230:–
5188:–
4140:.
4136:.
4121:.
4117:.
4086:.
4082:.
4050::
4048:}}
4044:{{
4003:.
3993:.
3981:.
3977:.
3946:.
3916:.
3890:.
3886:.
3860:.
3856:.
3830:.
3826:.
3774:.
3770:.
3740:.
3729:^
3707:.
3634:.
3609:.
3577:.
3573:.
3547:.
3474:.
3438:.
3405:.
3379:.
3364:^
3346:.
3335:^
3291:.
3271:}}
3267:{{
3251:.
3195:.
3169:.
3165:.
3128:^
3072:^
2945:.
2867:.
2856:^
2714:^
2670:.
2522:.
2470:.
2466:.
2440:.
2404:^
2386:.
2360:.
2356:.
2326:.
2315:^
2294:.
2074:,
2070:,
2066:,
2062:,
1955:,
1951:,
1947:,
1943:,
1922:,
1918:,
1914:,
1910:,
1861:.
1821:.
1610:.
1592:A
1521:,
1490:.
1409:.
1364:.
1258:.
1231:.
980:,
910:A
888:A
782:.
665:.
430:,
321:.
168:,
124:No
5845:e
5838:t
5831:v
5438:e
5431:t
5424:v
5172:e
5165:t
5158:v
5088:)
5084:(
4890:e
4883:t
4876:v
4215:e
4208:t
4201:v
4150:.
4096:.
4060:)
4040:.
4011:.
3989::
3983:4
3962:.
3932:.
3902:.
3872:.
3842:.
3812:.
3786:.
3756:.
3723:.
3693:.
3667:.
3589:.
3559:.
3493:.
3457:.
3421:.
3391:.
3358:.
3329:.
3303:.
3277:)
3263:.
3237:.
3211:.
3181:.
3151:.
3122:.
3096:.
3066:.
3027:.
3009:.
2983:.
2957:.
2931:.
2905:.
2879:.
2850:.
2824:.
2791:.
2764:.
2738:.
2708:.
2682:.
2637:.
2611:.
2585:.
2560:.
2534:.
2508:.
2482:.
2452:.
2426:.
2398:.
2372:.
2342:.
2309:.
2045:)
2039:(
2034:)
2030:(
2012:.
1678:.
1588:.
1172:.
918:)
896:)
418:.
136:)
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.