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often active at relatively cold water temperatures during that season. Activity appears to peak during April and May in the northern part of the range. In the warmest part of the summer (when water temperatures exceed 30 °C), they may aestivate terrestrially or aquatically for long periods of time. During summer dormancy, the turtles may burrow into leaf litter in woodlands or marsh edges or open fields; others remain in muskrat burrows or other aquatic refuges. Litzgus and Brooks (2000) have questioned the common presumption that summer dormancy is an attempt by the turtles to avoid high temperatures; data from
Ontario and elsewhere suggests that avoidance of predation and conservation of energy resources may be viable alternate explanations. No matter the explanation for dormancy, the "winter" dormant period may commence in late summer or fall, but in almost every instance after a return to aquatic habitats.
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several males for approximately 15 to 30 minutes. During the chase, females’ tails and legs were often bit by males. If two males were present, they occasionally stopped the chase to fight with one another and the losing male retreated. When the female was caught, the male mounted her and placed his tail beneath the female while grasping her carapace tightly. Females later constructed their nest in well-drained areas that were exposed to full sunlight. Clutches can range from 1–8 with an average of 3–4. These animals also exhibit
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813:, alteration, and conversion, collection for the pet trade, and other human impacts such as vehicle mortality (cars and mowers) are leading to declines in populations. Vehicular mortality is particularly impactful because turtles crossing roads are likely pregnant female turtles in search of a nesting site. Additionally, since reproductive rates of these turtles are low, spotted turtles are extremely susceptible to population impacts.
630:, meaning that the outside temperature during the incubation period determines the sex of the hatchling with males resulting from the temperature being lower and females when it's higher. After the eggs were laid, they were arranged in the nest by alternate movements of the hind feet. The hind feet were also used to scrape soil and grass back into the nest cavity. Incubation periods were estimated to range between 70 and 83 days.
517:"), and grows to 3.5–12.5 cm (1.4–4.9 in) in length. It is also totally black and contains anywhere from zero to about one hundred yellow spots, which are a defining characteristic of this turtle. Although perhaps inconsequential, it has been found that the left side of the upper shell has more spots than the right. Spots can always be found on the head, neck, and limbs. The bottom shell (
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as road kill and illegal collection. Recovery action is necessary to prevent decline of spotted turtles since this species has been determined to have a high risk of extinction in several areas ranging from South
Carolina up to Maine in the US and even further north into Ontario, Canada, mitigation requires spatial and temporal shifts in habitat use.
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recorded that females had greater shell heights, heavier body masses, and longer plastrons than males. In another study, where radio-telemetry was used, spotted turtle behavior was observed in northeastern
America, where distinct seasonal movement patterns revealed that spotted turtles exhibited a positive association in wetlands hosting abundant
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sufficient for spotted turtle survival it must have areas of soft substrate and at least some aquatic vegetation. An optimum habitat would include shallow and slow-moving waters with soft muddy soil, sedge tussocks, water lilies, sphagnum moss, and cattails. Because it is so often found in areas that contain
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egg masses in spring and from spring to late summer, a negative association in forested wetlands was detected. Spotted turtles require frequent terrestrial movements for their diverse habitat requirements which exposes them to potential threats including unsustainable sources of adult mortality such
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Despite the seemingly large number of populations in Canada, many are not self-sustaining because of the following reasons: the majority of the populations are small, they all have less than 200 individuals, and the areas are all isolated from one another. All told it is estimated that anywhere from
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Spotted turtles home ranges tend to occupy limited areas of about 0.5 to 3.5 hectares (1.2 to 8.6 acres). Note that due to their size, these small turtles are highly vulnerable to predation, particularly during their frequent terrestrial wanderings. Many specimens will show mutilation injuries and
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During the freezing temperatures of winter and the extreme heat of summer, spotted turtles become inactive during environmentally unfavorable conditions. However, the species appears to be relatively tolerant of drought conditions. Spotted turtles do become active very early in the spring, and are
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side of the turtle is black with sparse yellow spots while skin on the ventral side may be brighter: orange, pink, or red. These lightly pigmented areas do vary geographically and the tail of some individuals has yellow striping. Regarding the geographical variation in spots, southern individuals
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Visual differences between male and female turtles develop around the time of sexual maturity. The male spotted turtle has a tan chin, brown eyes, and a long, thick tail. The chin of the female is yellow; she also has orange eyes and a shorter tail than the male. In addition, the bottom shell of
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and a long, thick tail. By contrast, sexually mature females possess a flat plastron and have a tail that is noticeably shorter and thinner than that of mature males. Mature males also have a dark iris and face; females typically have a yellow or orange iris and a similarly coloured face that is
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A study in
Pennsylvania analyzed the reproductive biology of the spotted turtle. Sexual maturity is not reached until age 8, upon which researchers found that courtship and nesting periods typically ranged from March until June. The courtships involved females being frantically chased by one to
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in mazes and have been proven to have the brain capacity of a mouse. These turtles are only active in the cooler spring months. The spotted turtle is declining throughout eastern North
America due to habitat loss and poaching. One study focused specifically on the Southeastern population, and
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The spotted turtle occupies a variety of habitats including swamps, bogs, fens, marshes, woodland streams, and wet pastures. Also, brackish streams that are influenced by tides can also serve as a home to this turtle in addition to ditches, vernal pools, and sedge meadows. For a habitat to be
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in the west. Disjunct populations exist in the
Canadian portion of its range and also in central Illinois, central Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Indiana. In Indiana and Illinois, the species is found only in the northern portion of the state but it is found on most of the
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but always in the water. Some of the insects commonly found in with the spotted turtle's stomach contents are terrestrial, suggesting the turtle moves onto land to hunt. In captivity, these turtles will eat fruits such as cantaloupe and watermelon and fresh and canned fish.
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The spotted turtle is an active hunter: seeking out prey items in the water by pointing its head into aquatic plants. It feeds at temperatures above 14.2 °C (57.6 °F), which in its range corresponds to roughly the middle of March onward until
September. It is
707:) are particularly adept at consuming and killing this species. Spotted turtles have been observed to dive into the water and bury themselves in the bottom mud when surprised while basking. Muskrats kill many spotted turtles during the winter dormant period.
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on patches of grass near its body of water. The females during times of nesting will travel onto land and lay eggs on sunny soil. Nesting also may take place in other terrestrial locations, for instance near man-made dikes or the nest of a muskrat.
388:, ranges in its exact colour from black to a bluish black with a number of tiny yellow round spots. The spotting patterning extends from the head, to the neck and out onto the limbs. Sexually mature males have a concave
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Spinks, P.Q. and H.B. Shaffer. (2009). Conflicting
Mitochondrial and Nuclear Phylogenies for the Widely Disjunct Emys (Testudines: Emydidae) Species Complex, and What They Tell Us about Biogeography and Hybridization.
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Spotted turtles are aquatic omnivores that inhabit a variety of semi-aquatic or in other words, shallow, fresh-water areas such as flooded forests, marshes, wet meadows, bogs and woodland streams in southern
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The spotted turtle is one species whose sex is determined by temperature during embryonic development. Some researchers have claimed that global warming may deleteriously impact population sex ratios.
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Although the spotted turtle has been observed in Quebec, no permanent population is known to exist there. However, 104 populations have been discovered in
Ontario. Most of these concentrated around
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males is concave while it is either flat or convex in females. On average, females grow to be slightly larger than males. Also, females have more spots than males (on average).
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Due to their aquatic habitat, these turtles are particularly sensitive to pollutants and toxic substances. They will disappear rapidly from areas with declining water quality.
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The head is black and the upper jaw is notched. On each side of the head is a large orange blotch. Also present are several yellow bands of varying size. Skin on the
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The spots on spotted turtles vary greatly throughout their range. They can have up to a hundred spots, while some have no spots at all. Spotted turtles shed their
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in small pieces occasionally resulting in completely smooth shelled specimens. These are very intelligent turtles and have been tested like the
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Two drawings of a spotted turtle that show both the top (carapace) and bottom (plastron). The claws are long and the turtle is dark in color.
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Feldman, C.R. and J.F. Parham. (2002). Molecular phylogenetics of
Emydine turtles: taxonomic revision and the evolution of shell kinesis.
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distinctly lighter than the males'. Juveniles appear female-like in this regard, and at maturity males begin to develop darker features.
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that reaches a carapace length of 8–12 cm (3.1–4.7 in) upon adulthood. Their broad, smooth, low dark-colored upper shell, or
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In Canada, the spotted turtle is federally endangered, while in the United States the spotted turtle is currently under review by the
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1000 to 2000 spotted turtles live in Canada however, with individual populations ceasing to exist, this number is declining.
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Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status
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turtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status
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1933:"Developing a Habitat Suitability Model for the Spotted Turtle Using a Hybrid-Deductive Approach" by Bryan Correa-Berger
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1836:"Turtles of the World 2010 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution and Conservation Status"
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tend to have smaller and less conspicuous spots than those of individuals from farther north. The spotted turtle's
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597:. The highly fragmented distribution of spotted turtles in Ohio only covers the northern two-thirds of the state.
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Hatchlings resemble the adults closely. Consistently, each segment of the upper shell has only one yellow spot.
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469:). Recent genetic analyses have revealed that the spotted turtle is distinct from the other three species. The
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The spotted turtle's range overlaps that of many other turtles. It can often be found in the same wetlands as
646:, and southeastern Ontario. Of the original 104 sites noted, 36 are known to no longer have spotted turtles.
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1544:"Federal Wildlife Officials Respond to Petitions to List Dozens of Species under the Endangered Species Act"
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Public education about relevant rules and regulations on spotted turtles and other reptiles and amphibians (
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Litzgus, Jacqueline; Mousseau, Timothy (2004). "Demography of A Southern Population of the Spotted Turtle (
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732:. Animal food includes aquatic insect larvae, worms, slugs, millipedes, spiders, crustaceans, tadpoles,
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Beaudry, F.; DeMaynadier, P. G.; Hunter, M. L. Jr. (2009). "Seasonally Dynamic Habitat Use by Spotted (
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The spotted turtle can be decidedly terrestrial, spending a good amount of time on land and sometimes
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Rhodin, Anders G.J.; van Dijk, Peter Paul; Inverson, John B.; Shaffer, H. Bradley (2010-12-14).
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as endangered, and has "listed" status in many of the states where it occurs. For example, in
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525:); however, with age, melanism of the plastron increases until the entire surface is black.
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Ernst, Carl H.; Barbour, Roger William; Lovich, Jeffery E. (1994). Dutro, Nancy P. (ed.).
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has identified some ways to conserve the habitat of spotted turtles. These include:
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The spotted turtle is small and has a gray to black base color. Its upper shell (
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Designing roads and transportation infrastructure to reduce vehicular mortality
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609:. The spotted turtle avoids artificial reservoirs and deep, open-water areas.
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Buhlmann, Kurt; Tuberville, Tracey; Gibbons, Whit (2008). "Spotted turtle".
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1599:. Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. 2015-10-01
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1732:. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 276–296.
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521:) is yellow or orange-yellow and a black spot is present on each section (
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1680:. Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky. pp. 71–75.
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1348:"Climate change and temperature-dependent sex determination in reptiles"
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and eats exclusively in the water, consuming plant material including
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1699:(reptilia, testudines, testudinidae), in southeastern Pennsylvania".
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1649:. Athens, Georgia: The University of Georgia Press. pp. 71–75.
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states and is listed as a species of special concern in New York.
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Carapace is keelless and contains a varying number of yellow spots
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803:. In the Northeast, it has protective status in five of the six
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1139:. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. 2009
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1569:"312 IAC 9-5-4: Endangered species of reptiles and amphibians"
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Minimize disturbance to turtles from recreational activities
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10.1656/1528-7092(2004)003[0391:DOASPO]2.0.CO;2
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737:
605:, the yellow spots on these turtles may serve as a form of
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493:, leaving the spotted turtle the only member of its genus.
1695:
Ernst, Carl (1976-02-23). "Ecology of the spotted turtle,
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in 1792; however, he is now the authority for the current
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1618:"New Hampshire Wildlife Action Plan Appendix A: Reptiles"
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1813:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 179–183.
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1811:Amphibians and reptiles of the Great Lakes Region
844:Additional research and monitoring of the species
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5098:Taxa named by Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider
5078:Fauna of the Great Lakes region (North America)
1664:Ernst, Carl H.; Barbour, Roger William (1972).
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850:Promote alternatives to habitat conversion and
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701:scars from past predation attempts. Raccoons (
4735:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
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2545:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
1954:
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906:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T4968A11103766.en
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1331:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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1575:. Indiana Legislative Services Agency. 2011
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847:Promote habitat restoration and enhancement
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1925:images and movies of the spotted turtle (
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1807:"Pond and Box Turtles (Family Emydidae)"
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564:The spotted turtle ranges from southern
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1730:Turtles of the United States and Canada
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1230:Buhlmann, Tuberville & Gibbons 2008
1213:Buhlmann, Tuberville & Gibbons 2008
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785:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
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628:temperature-dependent sex determination
435:Ferdinand August Maria Franz von Ritgen
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1902:. Ada, OK: Living Art. pp. 1–55.
1749:"Checklist of Chelonians of the World"
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5093:Endangered fauna of the United States
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1057:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1191:. Environment Canada. Archived from
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740:. These items are consumed alive or
441:originally described the species as
1968:
1851:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010
892:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
871:
799:the spotted turtle is listed as an
433:, which was first named in 1828 by
13:
1891:
1784:"Introduction to snapping turtles"
970:"Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata)"
14:
5109:
1917:
1747:Fritz, Uwe; Havaš, Peter (2007).
1303:"Reproduction in Clemmys Guttata"
1185:"Species Profile: Spotted Turtle"
757:On a log among aquatic vegetation
374:), the only species of the genus
5058:IUCN Red List endangered species
2053:
1550:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1467:Ernst, Barbour & Lovich 1994
1262:Ernst, Barbour & Lovich 1994
1117:Ernst, Barbour & Lovich 1994
728:, and in at least one instance,
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1189:Species at Risk Public Registry
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820:Actions to benefit the species
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1:
5073:Reptiles of the United States
1843:Chelonian Research Monographs
1623:. New Hampshire Fish and Game
865:
1677:Turtles of the United States
453:. Until recently, the genus
7:
4748:List of Testudines families
2339:Northern red-bellied cooter
1573:Indiana Administrative Code
1137:"Spotted Turtle Fact Sheet"
595:lower peninsula of Michigan
457:consisted of four species (
420:
380:, is a small, semi-aquatic
10:
5114:
5088:Reptiles described in 1792
2344:Florida red-bellied cooter
2334:Alabama red-bellied cooter
2294:Yellow-blotched map turtle
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1805:Harding, James H. (1997).
1002:) and Blanding's Turtles (
425:The spotted turtle is the
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4092:
4025:
3891:
3853:
3771:
3740:
3588:
3552:
3543:
3343:
3322:
3168:
3055:
3046:
2993:
2964:
2909:
2841:
2694:
2685:
2663:
2662:
2635:
2594:
2543:
2519:
2424:
2389:
2322:
2302:
2217:
2192:
2172:
2147:
2122:
2102:
2082:
2062:
2036:
2029:
1977:
861:Spotted turtle in Florida
787:for protection under the
256:
249:
240:
221:
214:
96:Scientific classification
94:
77:
55:
46:
37:
28:
23:
5068:Turtles of North America
2451:Central Antillean slider
2239:Black-knobbed map turtle
2139:Southwestern pond turtle
1647:Turtles of the Southeast
1484:Ernst & Barbour 1972
1301:Ernst, Carl, H. (1970).
1277:Ernst & Barbour 1972
1092:Ernst & Barbour 1972
974:Natural Resources Canada
881:van Dijk, P.P. (2016) .
748:
642:, on the north shore of
584:in the east and central
477:were moved to the genus
439:Johann Gottlob Schneider
1502:Southeastern Naturalist
1375:10.1073/pnas.91.16.7487
710:
2461:Cuatro Cienegas slider
2446:Baja California slider
2279:Pearl River map turtle
2259:Mississippi map turtle
1701:Journal of Herpetology
1346:Janzen, F. J. (1994).
1044:Fritz & Havaš 2007
1008:Journal of Herpetology
862:
791:. It is listed by the
789:Endangered Species Act
758:
533:
506:
5004:Paleobiology Database
2534:Wilburemys yakimensis
2274:Pascagoula map turtle
1845:(5): 000.89–000.138.
860:
756:
531:
504:
415:Appalachian Mountains
2491:Meso-American slider
2401:Coahuilan box turtle
2370:Coastal plain cooter
2365:Eastern river cooter
2314:Diamondback terrapin
2234:Barbour's map turtle
2164:Sicilian pond turtle
2159:European pond turtle
1766:10.3897/vz.57.e30895
1004:Emydoidea blandingii
927:"Appendices | CITES"
899:: e.T4968A97411228.
838:sale and possession)
689:Ecology and behavior
38:A spotted turtle in
5083:Reptiles of Ontario
2269:Ouachita map turtle
2264:Northern map turtle
2249:Escambia map turtle
2134:Western pond turtle
1366:1994PNAS...91.7487J
811:Habitat destruction
683:eastern mud turtles
679:common musk turtles
675:eastern box turtles
634:Population features
485:western pond turtle
463:western pond turtle
49:Conservation status
3856:Nanhsiungchelyidae
3821:Macrocephalochelys
2476:Hispaniolan slider
2471:D'Orbigny's slider
2416:Spotted box turtle
2381:Texas river cooter
2244:Cagle's map turtle
2229:Alabama map turtle
1900:The Spotted Turtle
1898:Roach, Al (2006).
1753:Vertebrate Zoology
1321:– via JSTOR.
1071:Systematic Biology
957:Rhodin et al. 2010
863:
801:endangered species
759:
722:aquatic vegetation
671:Blanding's turtles
576:, south along the
534:
507:
461:, spotted turtle,
405:) and the eastern
5045:
5044:
4991:Open Tree of Life
4765:Taxon identifiers
4756:
4755:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4083:
3767:
3766:
3539:
3538:
3042:
3041:
2960:
2959:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2554:
2553:
2549:. Key: †=extinct.
2496:Nicaraguan slider
2411:Ornate box turtle
2406:Common box turtle
2354:Rio Grande cooter
2284:Ringed map turtle
2184:Blanding's turtle
2049:
2048:
1820:978-0-472-06628-5
1782:Gielewski, Stan.
1656:978-0-8203-2902-4
1360:(16): 7487–7490.
959:, p. 000.104
487:has been renamed
362:
361:
355:
343:
331:
320:
311:
302:
290:
278:
262:
89:
72:
16:Species of turtle
5105:
5038:
5037:
5025:
5024:
5012:
5011:
4999:
4998:
4986:
4985:
4973:
4972:
4960:
4959:
4947:
4946:
4934:
4933:
4921:
4920:
4908:
4907:
4895:
4894:
4882:
4881:
4869:
4868:
4856:
4855:
4846:
4845:
4833:
4832:
4820:
4819:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4760:
4759:
4686:
4685:
4679:
4678:
4191:Chupacabrachelys
4106:
4105:
4099:
4098:
3776:
3775:
3554:Carettochelyidae
3550:
3549:
3053:
3052:
2971:
2970:
2703:
2702:
2692:
2691:
2660:
2659:
2651:
2650:
2642:
2641:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2558:
2557:
2456:Colombian slider
2349:Peninsula cooter
2289:Texas map turtle
2254:False map turtle
2057:
2056:
2034:
2033:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1913:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1871:. Archived from
1840:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1788:
1778:
1768:
1743:
1724:
1691:
1673:
1660:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1622:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1597:"Spotted Turtle"
1593:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1470:
1464:
1453:
1447:
1438:
1433:
1424:
1419:
1406:
1405:
1395:
1377:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1322:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1265:
1259:
1248:
1242:
1233:
1227:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1181:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1133:
1120:
1114:
1095:
1089:
1074:
1066:
1060:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1020:10.1670/08-127.1
995:
982:
981:
976:. Archived from
966:
960:
954:
941:
940:
938:
937:
923:
917:
916:
914:
913:
908:
878:
730:wild cranberries
663:snapping turtles
443:Testudo guttatai
413:and east of the
350:
347:Geoclemmys sebae
338:
335:Testudo punctata
329:
319:Species synonymy
318:
308:
296:
284:
272:
260:
245:
227:
104:
103:
83:
66:
61:
60:
33:
21:
20:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5033:
5028:
5020:
5015:
5007:
5002:
4994:
4989:
4981:
4976:
4968:
4965:Observation.org
4963:
4955:
4950:
4942:
4937:
4929:
4924:
4916:
4911:
4903:
4898:
4890:
4885:
4877:
4872:
4864:
4859:
4851:
4849:
4841:
4836:
4828:
4823:
4817:Clemmys_guttata
4815:
4810:
4803:Clemmys guttata
4801:
4800:
4795:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4773:Clemmys guttata
4767:
4757:
4752:
4719:
4662:
4639:Sahonachelyidae
4632:
4518:
4491:
4356:
4287:Phosphatochelys
4126:
4080:
4021:
4016:Terlinguachelys
3984:Pneumatoarthrus
3887:
3849:
3763:
3736:
3584:
3535:
3339:
3318:
3306:Siebenrockiella
3164:
3038:
2989:
2956:
2905:
2892:Mesodermochelys
2837:
2698:
2669:
2631:
2590:
2585:
2555:
2550:
2539:
2515:
2486:Maranhão slider
2481:Jamaican slider
2441:Big Bend slider
2420:
2385:
2375:Suwannee cooter
2318:
2298:
2213:
2188:
2168:
2143:
2118:
2098:
2078:
2058:
2054:
2045:
2038:Species of the
2025:
1973:
1967:
1927:Clemmys guttata
1920:
1910:
1894:
1892:Further reading
1889:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1861:
1838:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1796:
1794:
1786:
1740:
1713:10.2307/1562924
1697:Clemmys guttata
1688:
1669:Clemmys guttata
1657:
1640:
1635:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1553:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1498:Clemmys guttata
1494:
1490:
1482:
1473:
1465:
1456:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1409:
1344:
1340:
1324:
1323:
1299:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1275:
1268:
1260:
1251:
1243:
1236:
1228:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1198:
1196:
1183:
1182:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1123:
1115:
1098:
1090:
1077:
1067:
1063:
1054:
1050:
1042:
1035:
1000:Clemmys guttata
996:
985:
968:
967:
963:
955:
944:
935:
933:
925:
924:
920:
911:
909:
885:Clemmys guttata
879:
872:
868:
822:
781:
751:
713:
691:
667:painted turtles
636:
623:
562:
545:consists of 50
499:
451:Clemmys guttata
423:
371:Clemmys guttata
358:
349:
337:
330:Schneider, 1792
328:
326:Testudo guttata
322:
321:
314:
309:
297:
285:
273:
264:
263:
236:
229:
225:Clemmys guttata
223:
210:
207:C. guttata
98:
90:
73:
62:
58:
51:
24:Spotted turtle
17:
12:
11:
5:
5111:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5026:
5013:
5000:
4987:
4983:spotted-turtle
4974:
4961:
4948:
4935:
4922:
4909:
4896:
4883:
4870:
4857:
4847:
4834:
4821:
4808:
4793:
4777:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4743:
4742:
4741:. † = extinct.
4732:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4709:
4701:
4692:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4652:
4643:
4641:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4600:
4592:
4585:
4577:
4569:
4561:
4553:
4545:
4537:
4534:Albertwoodemys
4528:
4526:
4524:Podocnemididae
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4509:
4501:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4421:Lomalatachelys
4416:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4366:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4346:
4338:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4306:
4298:
4290:
4282:
4274:
4271:Labrostochelys
4266:
4258:
4250:
4242:
4234:
4226:
4218:
4210:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4154:
4146:
4137:
4135:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4115:
4113:
4111:Araripemydidae
4103:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4046:
4038:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
3898:
3896:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3877:
3869:
3860:
3858:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3839:
3831:
3824:
3816:
3813:Emarginachelys
3808:
3800:
3792:
3784:
3782:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3758:Sinaspideretes
3753:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3669:
3661:
3653:
3646:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3609:
3602:
3594:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3575:
3567:
3558:
3556:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3526:
3518:
3511:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3481:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3435:Hesperotestudo
3430:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3400:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3349:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3329:
3327:
3325:Platysternidae
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3182:
3174:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3061:
3059:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3007:
2999:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2979:
2977:
2975:Dermatemydidae
2968:
2966:Kinosternoidea
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2935:Procolpochelys
2930:
2922:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2879:
2872:
2864:
2856:
2847:
2845:
2843:Dermochelyidae
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2811:
2804:
2796:
2788:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2757:
2750:
2742:
2735:
2732:Carolinochelys
2727:
2720:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2657:
2648:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2528:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2432:
2430:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2114:Chicken turtle
2110:
2108:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2094:Spotted turtle
2090:
2088:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2074:Painted turtle
2070:
2068:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1919:
1918:External links
1916:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1860:978-0965354097
1859:
1831:
1819:
1802:
1793:. pp. 1–3
1779:
1759:(2): 149–368.
1744:
1738:
1725:
1692:
1686:
1661:
1655:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1609:
1585:
1560:
1535:
1508:(3): 391–400.
1488:
1471:
1454:
1439:
1425:
1407:
1338:
1293:
1281:
1266:
1249:
1234:
1217:
1205:
1161:
1149:
1121:
1096:
1075:
1061:
1048:
1033:
1014:(4): 636–645.
983:
980:on 2009-04-21.
961:
942:
918:
869:
867:
864:
855:
854:
848:
845:
842:
839:
832:
821:
818:
780:
777:
750:
747:
712:
709:
690:
687:
635:
632:
622:
619:
561:
558:
498:
495:
422:
419:
409:: the eastern
366:spotted turtle
360:
359:
357:
356:
344:
332:
317:
316:
315:
313:
312:
310:Shufeldt, 1919
303:
291:
279:
261:Genus synonymy
259:
258:
257:
254:
253:
247:
246:
238:
237:
230:
219:
218:
212:
211:
204:
202:
198:
197:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
92:
91:
78:
75:
74:
56:
53:
52:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5110:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
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5081:
5079:
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5018:
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4992:
4988:
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4979:
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4749:
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4714:Tacuarembemys
4710:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4673:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4649:Sahonachelys
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4612:Peltocephalus
4609:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4597:Lapparentemys
4593:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4584:
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4521:
4515:
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4508:
4507:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4497:Pelomedusidae
4494:
4488:
4487:
4486:Yaminuechelys
4482:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4457:Prochelidella
4453:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4425:
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4408:
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4401:
4400:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4371:Acanthochelys
4368:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4337:
4336:
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4307:
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4299:
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4296:
4291:
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4288:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4255:Kinkonychelys
4251:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4239:Itapecuruemys
4235:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4203:
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4200:
4199:Eotaphrosphys
4195:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
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4160:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4133:Bothremydidae
4129:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4043:Argillochelys
4039:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4008:Santanachelys
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3952:Desmatochelys
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3936:Calcarichelys
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3920:Atlantochelys
3916:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3894:Protostegidae
3890:
3884:
3883:
3882:Jiangxichelys
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3866:Anomalochelys
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3844:Protochelydra
3840:
3838:
3837:
3836:Planiplastron
3832:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3815:
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3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3799:
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3668:
3667:
3662:
3660:
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3647:
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3644:
3643:Drazinderetes
3639:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3616:
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3608:
3607:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3579:Carettochelys
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3546:
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3488:
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3482:
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3463:Malacochersus
3460:
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3379:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3354:Aldabrachelys
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3321:
3315:
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3259:
3258:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3247:
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3240:
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3237:
3236:Leucocephalon
3233:
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3230:
3226:
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3219:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3196:
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3188:
3187:Banhxeochelys
3183:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3155:
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3048:Testudinoidea
3045:
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3023:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3006:
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2995:Kinosternidae
2992:
2986:
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2943:Protosphargis
2939:
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2699:(Sea turtles)
2697:
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2501:Ornate slider
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2436:Atrato slider
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2028:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2013:Testudinoidea
2011:Superfamily:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1964:
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1957:
1952:
1950:
1945:
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1941:
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1930:
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1922:
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1911:
1909:0-9638130-5-6
1905:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1878:on 2011-07-17
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1739:1-56098-346-9
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1718:
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1702:
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1687:0-8131-1272-9
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1480:
1478:
1476:
1469:, p. 212
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1342:
1334:
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1320:
1316:
1313:(2): 228–32.
1312:
1308:
1307:Herpetologica
1304:
1297:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1264:, p. 207
1263:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1214:
1209:
1195:on 2013-06-10
1194:
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1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
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1158:
1153:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1119:, p. 205
1118:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1093:
1088:
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1082:
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1072:
1065:
1058:
1052:
1046:, p. 178
1045:
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1038:
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1025:
1021:
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1013:
1009:
1006:) in Maine".
1005:
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825:New Hampshire
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764:
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704:Procyon lotor
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494:
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491:
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481:
476:
472:
468:
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460:
456:
452:
448:
447:binomial name
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:in the genus
428:
418:
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408:
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400:
394:
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387:
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271:
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266:
265:
255:
252:
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239:
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226:
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217:
216:Binomial name
213:
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173:Testudinoidea
171:
169:Superfamily:
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151:
148:
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138:
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65:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4772:
4737:
4712:
4704:
4696:
4655:
4647:
4625:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4595:
4589:Erymnochelys
4587:
4580:
4574:Cerrejonemys
4572:
4564:
4556:
4550:Brontochelys
4548:
4540:
4532:
4511:
4504:
4484:
4476:
4469:
4464:Pseudemydura
4462:
4455:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4349:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4317:
4309:
4301:
4293:
4285:
4277:
4269:
4261:
4253:
4245:
4237:
4229:
4221:
4213:
4205:
4197:
4189:
4181:
4173:
4165:
4157:
4149:
4141:
4119:
4073:
4067:Prionochelys
4065:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4014:
4006:
3998:
3990:
3982:
3974:
3966:
3958:
3950:
3944:Cratochelone
3942:
3934:
3928:Bouliachelys
3926:
3918:
3910:
3904:Alienochelys
3902:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3842:
3834:
3826:
3819:
3811:
3805:Chelydropsis
3803:
3795:
3787:
3756:
3750:Basilochelys
3748:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3674:Khunnuchelys
3672:
3664:
3656:
3648:
3641:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3604:
3597:
3590:Trionychidae
3577:
3570:
3564:Allaeochelys
3562:
3528:
3521:
3515:Stigmochelys
3513:
3506:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3478:Megalochelys
3476:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3425:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3395:
3389:Cylindraspis
3387:
3380:
3373:
3368:Centrochelys
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:Testudinidae
3334:Platysternon
3332:
3313:Vijayachelys
3311:
3304:
3297:
3292:Rhinoclemmys
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3257:Melanochelys
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3177:
3157:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3067:Acherontemys
3065:
3033:Sternotherus
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3002:
2982:
2949:
2941:
2933:
2925:
2917:
2900:Psephophorus
2898:
2890:
2882:
2874:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2830:
2822:
2816:Pacifichelys
2814:
2806:
2799:
2791:
2785:Lepidochelys
2783:
2776:
2768:
2762:Gigantatypus
2760:
2754:Eretmochelys
2752:
2745:
2737:
2730:
2722:
2715:
2696:Chelonioidea
2664:
2616:
2532:
2521:
2511:Yaqui slider
2466:Cuban slider
2425:
2390:
2363:(subspecies
2359:River cooter
2323:
2303:
2218:
2193:
2173:
2148:
2123:
2103:
2093:
2084:
2083:
2063:
2039:
2018:
1926:
1899:
1880:. Retrieved
1873:the original
1842:
1824:. Retrieved
1810:
1795:. Retrieved
1791:Chelydra.Org
1790:
1756:
1752:
1729:
1707:(1): 25–33.
1704:
1700:
1696:
1676:
1668:
1646:
1638:Bibliography
1625:. Retrieved
1612:
1601:. Retrieved
1577:. Retrieved
1572:
1563:
1552:. Retrieved
1547:
1538:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1486:, p. 75
1452:, p. 27
1422:Harding 1997
1357:
1351:
1341:
1327:cite journal
1310:
1306:
1296:
1289:Harding 1997
1284:
1279:, p. 72
1247:, p. 2.
1232:, p. 73
1215:, p. 71
1208:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:the original
1188:
1159:, p. 1.
1152:
1141:. Retrieved
1094:, p. 71
1070:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
978:the original
973:
964:
934:. Retrieved
930:
921:
910:. Retrieved
896:
890:
884:
835:
823:
815:
809:
782:
779:Conservation
767:wood turtles
760:
714:
702:
699:
695:
692:
655:wood turtles
652:
648:
640:Georgian Bay
637:
624:
621:Reproduction
611:
599:
563:
560:Distribution
555:
551:
535:
508:
488:
483:, while the
478:
454:
450:
442:
430:
427:only species
424:
395:
375:
370:
369:
365:
363:
346:
334:
325:
305:
293:
281:
268:
267:
224:
222:
206:
205:
193:
18:
4939:NatureServe
4887:iNaturalist
4797:Wikispecies
4627:Stupendemys
4582:Cordichelys
4428:Mesoclemmys
4413:Hydromedusa
4335:Taphrosphys
4327:Sankuchemys
4319:Rhothonemys
4295:Polysternon
4175:Cearachelys
4159:Azabbaremys
4143:Araiochelys
4059:Ctenochelys
4051:Bashuchelys
4000:Rhinochelys
3976:Ocepechelon
3968:Notochelone
3960:Iserosaurus
3828:Macrochelys
3780:Chelydridae
3703:Palaeoamyda
3628:Cyclanorbis
3493:Psammobates
3486:Oligopherus
3449:Indotestudo
3397:Cymatholcus
3375:Chelonoidis
3361:Astrochelys
3170:Geoemydidae
3088:Deirochelys
3026:Staurotypus
3019:Kinosternon
3012:Hoplochelys
2927:Peritresius
2876:Dermochelys
2869:Cosmochelys
2861:Corsochelys
2778:Itilochelys
2770:Glarichelys
2717:Allopleuron
2707:Cheloniidae
2646:Superfamily
2506:Pond slider
2209:Wood turtle
2105:Deirochelys
1548:www.fws.gov
1073:58(1):1-20.
1059:22:388-398.
805:New England
734:salamanders
726:green algae
659:bog turtles
547:chromosomes
497:Description
475:wood turtle
467:wood turtle
411:Great Lakes
82:Appendix II
5052:Categories
4706:Caririemys
4619:Podocnemis
4605:Latentemys
4566:Carbonemys
4506:Pelomedusa
4343:Ummulisani
4263:Kurmademys
4231:Inaechelys
4215:Galianemys
4183:Chedighaii
4121:Araripemys
4094:Pleurodira
4075:Toxochelys
3992:Protostega
3797:Chelydrops
3717:Pelodiscus
3710:Pelochelys
3658:Gilmoremys
3635:Cycloderma
3545:Trionychia
3412:Geochelone
3405:Floridemys
3271:Notochelys
3159:Wilburemys
3130:Malaclemys
2984:Dermatemys
2951:Puppigerus
2884:Eosphargis
2801:Miocaretta
2793:Mexichelys
2687:Cryptodira
2627:Testudines
2588:Testudines
2523:Wilburemys
2305:Malaclemys
2204:Bog turtle
2007:Cryptodira
2005:Suborder:
2001:Testudines
1882:2010-12-15
1826:2011-03-01
1797:2021-08-27
1627:2021-12-26
1603:2021-12-26
1579:2012-04-28
1554:2016-05-25
1450:Ernst 1976
1436:Ernst 1976
1199:2011-01-24
1143:2011-01-18
936:2022-01-14
912:2023-03-17
866:References
852:dewatering
718:omnivorous
607:camouflage
578:eastern US
471:bog turtle
465:, and the
459:bog turtle
287:Rafinesque
163:Cryptodira
159:Suborder:
153:Testudines
64:Endangered
4746:See also
4698:Caribemys
4558:Caninemys
4542:Bauruemys
4471:Rheodytes
4435:Myuchelys
4378:Chelodina
4303:Puentemys
4279:Nigeremys
4223:Ilatardia
4167:Bothremys
3874:Basilemys
3688:Nilssonia
3666:Hutchemys
3614:Axestemys
3572:Anosteira
3427:Hadrianus
3285:Pangshura
3243:Malayemys
3208:Geoclemys
3151:Trachemys
3144:Terrapene
3137:Pseudemys
3123:Graptemys
3116:Glyptemys
3109:Emydoidea
3102:Actinemys
3074:Chrysemys
2919:Euclastes
2747:Eochelone
2598:Kingdom:
2427:Trachemys
2392:Terrapene
2325:Pseudemys
2220:Graptemys
2195:Glyptemys
2175:Emydoidea
2125:Actinemys
2065:Chrysemys
1981:Kingdom:
1923:ARKive -
1869:1088-7105
1245:Gielewski
1157:Gielewski
931:cites.org
772:wood frog
644:Lake Erie
543:karyotype
490:Actinemys
480:Glyptemys
306:Melanemys
233:Schneider
201:Species:
119:Kingdom:
113:Eukaryota
5030:Species+
4944:2.100580
4905:10369452
4782:Wikidata
4513:Pelusios
4478:Rhinemys
4449:Platemys
4442:Phrynops
4362:Chelidae
4351:Zolhafah
4247:Jainemys
3912:Archelon
3789:Chelydra
3681:Lissemys
3523:Stylemys
3508:Solitudo
3470:Manouria
3419:Gopherus
3382:Chersina
3250:Mauremys
3229:Heosemys
3222:Hardella
3215:Geoemyda
3201:Cyclemys
3057:Emydidae
3004:Claudius
2853:Arabemys
2832:Tasbacka
2824:Syllomus
2739:Chelonia
2637:Suborder
2621:Diapsida
2612:Reptilia
2606:Chordata
2604:Phylum:
2600:Animalia
2041:Emydidae
2020:Emydidae
2017:Family:
1995:Reptilia
1989:Chordata
1987:Phylum:
1983:Animalia
1970:Emydidae
1775:87809001
1530:86185987
1028:86573950
603:duckweed
519:plastron
511:carapace
473:and the
421:Taxonomy
390:plastron
386:carapace
340:Schoepff
282:Chelopus
251:Synonyms
183:Emydidae
179:Family:
143:Reptilia
133:Chordata
129:Phylum:
123:Animalia
109:Domain:
69:IUCN 3.1
40:Virginia
5063:Clemmys
5022:guttata
4879:5961001
4866:1056844
4788:Q845189
4657:Sokatra
4406:Emydura
4311:Rosasia
4207:Foxemys
4151:Arenila
3731:Trionyx
3724:Rafetus
3650:Dogania
3606:Apalone
3530:Testudo
3456:Kinixys
3442:Homopus
3299:Sacalia
3278:Orlitia
3264:Morenia
3179:Batagur
3081:Clemmys
2808:Natator
2724:Caretta
2625:Order:
2610:Class:
2085:Clemmys
1999:Order:
1993:Class:
1721:1562924
1522:3878068
1402:8052608
1384:2365309
1362:Bibcode
1319:3890744
797:Indiana
614:basking
586:Indiana
582:Florida
574:Ontario
455:Clemmys
431:Clemmys
403:Ontario
377:Clemmys
299:Agassiz
294:Nanemys
269:Clemmys
235:, 1792)
194:Clemmys
189:Genus:
149:Order:
139:Class:
84: (
67: (
5009:105184
4996:436621
4918:173771
4850:ECOS:
4830:190973
4689:
4682:
4675:
4399:Elusor
4392:Elseya
4385:Chelus
4102:
4035:Adocus
4026:
3772:
3741:
3621:Chitra
3323:
2910:
2655:Family
2044:family
2030:Genera
1972:family
1906:
1867:
1857:
1817:
1773:
1736:
1719:
1684:
1653:
1528:
1520:
1400:
1390:
1382:
1317:
1026:
763:scutes
681:, and
572:, and
570:Quebec
538:dorsal
399:Canada
382:turtle
354:, 1869
342:, 1792
301:, 1857
289:, 1832
277:, 1828
275:Ritgen
5035:10440
4970:98107
4957:85608
4900:IRMNG
4892:50000
3695:Palea
3599:Amyda
3500:Pyxis
3194:Cuora
2666:Genus
2617:Clade
1876:(PDF)
1839:(PDF)
1787:(PDF)
1771:S2CID
1717:JSTOR
1621:(PDF)
1526:S2CID
1518:JSTOR
1393:44426
1380:JSTOR
1315:JSTOR
1024:S2CID
749:Notes
566:Maine
523:scute
86:CITES
80:CITES
4978:ODNR
4952:NCBI
4931:4968
4926:IUCN
4913:ITIS
4874:GBIF
4853:9264
4843:VYSQ
4825:BOLD
3095:Emys
2150:Emys
1904:ISBN
1865:ISSN
1855:ISBN
1815:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1682:ISBN
1651:ISBN
1500:)".
1398:PMID
1353:PNAS
1333:link
897:2011
836:e.g.
793:IUCN
742:dead
738:fish
711:Diet
590:Ohio
588:and
515:keel
364:The
352:Gray
4861:EoL
4838:CoL
4812:ADW
1847:doi
1761:doi
1709:doi
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1388:PMC
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