Saint Alban - Knowledge

797: 470: 868:...he ordered the graves to be opened for him to place precious gifts in the same place, in order that the lodging of a single grave might hold membra of saints brought together from various regions whom heaven had received as equal in merit. Once these were honourably disposed and united, with violent devotion and a pious boldness of faith he took from the place where the blood of the martyr had flowed a lump of earth in which it was visible that the ground was red with blood preserved from the martyr's death while the persecutor was pale. When all these things were revealed and made known a huge crowd of people was brought to God with the help of our Lord Jesus Christ to whom is honour and glory for ever and ever. Amen. 459: 334: 977: 311: 376:(The Praise of Saints), c. 396. Victricius had just returned from settling an unnamed dispute among the bishops of Britain. He does not mention Alban by name, but includes an unnamed martyr, who, "in the hands of the executioners told rivers to draw back, lest he should be delayed in his haste." The account closely resembles Alban's martyrdom, and many historians have concluded that this may be a reference to Alban, making it the earliest surviving reference to a British saint. There can be no certainty, however, that the martyr referred to is actually Saint Alban. 885:(translated above as 'placards'): that is possibly engraved in the walls of a church with illustrations. This might have been either in a church in Auxerre (Germanus's home town in Gaul) as argued by Sharpe and Wood, or in Britain. If the latter is the case, by being on public display, they might have served to give a definitive version of the saint's martyrdom, which could not be contradicted or reinterpreted (for instance by the addition of 'Pelagian' themes) In any case, it has been argued by Sharpe and Wood that these 299:, meaning "cloak" in Latin, prayed and "kept watch" day and night, and Alban was so impressed with the priest's faith and piety that he found himself emulating him and soon converted to Christianity. Eventually, it came to the ears of an unnamed "impious prince" that Alban was sheltering the priest. The prince gave orders for Roman soldiers to make a strict search of Alban's house. As they came to seize the priest, Alban put on the priest's cloak and clothing and presented himself to the soldiers in place of his guest. 326:). There was a bridge, but a mob of curious townspeople who wished to watch the execution had so clogged the bridge that the execution party could not cross. Filled with an ardent desire to arrive quickly at martyrdom, Alban raised his eyes to heaven, and the river dried up, allowing Alban and his captors to cross over on dry land. The astonished executioner cast down his sword and fell at Alban's feet, moved by divine inspiration and praying that he might either suffer with Alban or be executed for him. 2273: 1374: 1106: 2281: 860:...Alban had revealed himself to Germanus on his journey, and now, so Germanus himself relates, St Alban met him on the stormy seas. But while he had been keeping vigil at night in his basilica, in the dawn when he had given in to sleep St. Alban appeared to him and communicated to him by revelation to him what had happened at the time of his martyrdom and he made this public in order that the events should be preserved in writing on placards.... 1007: 68: 303:

blasphemed the gods," and, as Alban had given himself up in the Christian's place, Alban was sentenced to endure all the punishments that were to be inflicted upon the priest, unless he would comply with the pagan rites of their religion. Alban refused, and declared, "I worship and adore the true and living God who created all things." (The words are still used in prayer at St Alban's Abbey). The enraged judge ordered Alban to be

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says that Germanus did not know the name or story of Saint Alban before visiting the site, and Alban appeared to him in a dream to reveal his identity and martyrdom story. That can be interpreted as suggesting (see above: The Disputed Historicity) that the cult of Saint Alban did not exist before the

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Little is known about the real Alban (estimated to have died c. 209 – 305 AD, depending on interpretations), as there are no contemporaneous accounts of his martyrdom and the major sources on his life were written hundreds of years after his death, containing wondrous embellishments, which may or may

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The other executioners hesitated to pick up his sword, and meanwhile, Alban and they went about 500 paces to a gently sloping hill, completely covered with all kinds of wildflowers, and overlooking a beautiful plain. (Bede observes that it was a fittingly beautiful place to be enriched and sanctified

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is suggestive of Albion as the oldest name for Britain, but for him, the name Alban suggested simply 'the man from Albion' rather than an actual 'personification' of the island and its people. It is, in any case, a part of what suggested to Wood that "it is Germanus who gives Alban a name". That, in

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probably occurred originally under 22 June. In fact, in the extant versions, Alban has acquired numerous companions because of confusion/conflation with other entries. The martyrology is preserved in a 9th-century copy but was probably composed in something close to its present form around 600, with

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When Alban reached the summit of the hill, he began to thirst and prayed God would give him water. A spring immediately sprang up at his feet. It was there that his head was struck off, as well as the head of the first Roman soldier who was miraculously converted and refused to execute him. However,

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Alban was brought before a judge, who just then happened to be standing at the altar, offering sacrifices to "devils" (Bede's reference to pagan gods). When the judge heard that Alban had offered himself up in place of the priest, he became enraged that Alban would shelter a person who "despised and

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in New York City. In 1899, a year after Queens became part of New York City, the new post office for the 600 residents was named St. Albans, after St Albans in Hertfordshire, England, which itself was named after Saint Alban. The name had been in use for the area since at least 1894 for the name of

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relates, he deposits in the tomb of Saint Alban while removing some bloodstained earth to take back to Gaul, he must have known from the start that he would make a visit to the cult-centre of Saint Alban, as part of his campaign against the Pelagian heresy. On this basis he states: "This would make

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over the execution point and holding the remains of St Alban may have existed at the site from c. 300, possibly earlier. There was certainly a cult centre of St Alban at Verulamium by the time of Bede c. 731, and the mention in Gildas strongly suggests that it was already in existence by the early

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Agricola, a Pelagian, the son of the Pelagian bishop Severianus, corrupted the British churches by the insinuation of his doctrine. But at the persuasion of the deacon Palladius, Pope Celestine sent Germanus, bishop of Auxerre, as his representative, and having rejected the heretics, directed the

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There has also been an extensive cult of Saint Alban on the Continent from an early date such as in Mainz, Cologne and Basel on the Rhine as well as a number of other localities in Switzerland and Italy and a notable concentration in the French Alpine regions and the Rhone Valley. Sometimes, the

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knew the source but mistranslated the name "Severus" as an adjective, wrongly identifying the emperor as Diocletian. Bede accepted the identification as fact and dates St Alban's martyrdom to this later period. As Morris points out, Diocletian reigned only in the East and would not have been

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the surviving recension showing some signs of being based on a recension compiled at Auxerre (significantly, the hometown of Saint Germanus) For Thornhill (see above), the date given for Alban's martyrdom is striking for its closeness to the summer solstice (on which some variants of the

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It is possible to deduce from the interpolated passage that the name of the martyr was unknown before being revealed to Germanus, either in a vision he had of the martyr during his sea journey or in the dream he had in the basilica. It is also possible to deduce that it was simply the

928:. As part of his brief historical account, he describes the persecution of Christians in Britain, which he identifies as part of the persecution of Diocletian, adding at the end of a passage about "their graves and the places where they suffered": "I refer to Saint Alban of Verulam ( 825:

turn, encouraged him in his conclusion: "The story of the saint's martyrdom seems to have been revealed to, or invented by, Germanus in the context of his anti-Pelagian mission" and in a later article "Alban may, therefore, have been 'discovered' by the bishop of Auxerre".

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says he crossed the Thames before his martyrdom, so some authors place his residence and martyrdom in or near London. Both agree that Alban met a priest fleeing from persecutors and sheltered him in his house for a number of days. The priest, who later came to be called

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involved in British affairs in 304; Emperor Severus, however, was in Britain from 208 to 211. Morris thus dates Alban's death to 209. However, the mention of Severus in the Turin version has been shown to be an interpolation into an original text, which mentioned only a

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sixth century. However, when and how the cult of Saint Alban originated is the subject of some debate: there is little textual or archaeological evidence that a cult of Saint Alban existed before Germanus of Auxerre visited the site in 429. In fact, one version of the

2310:, was erected on Mount Saint Alban in 1854 using a bequest from a young woman, Phoebe Nourse, who earned the money sewing. St Alban's went on to found five mission churches in Washington, four of which still maintain active congregations of their own. 3230:; note 165 on p. 116 in Richard Sharpe. "Martyrs and Local Saints in Late Antique Britain", in "Local Saints and Local Churches in the Early Medieval West", ed. by Alan Thacker and Richard Sharpe (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 75–154. 1069:

abbey church that had a shrine dedicated to St Alban, has possessed remains believed to be those of St Alban since the 10th century. It is entirely possible that further relics were acquired by the church in the 16th century at the time of the

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In later legends, Alban's head rolled downhill after his execution, and a well sprang up where it stopped. Upon hearing of the miracles, the astonished judge ordered further persecutions to cease, and he began to honour the saint's death.

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While it is certain that the cult devoted to Saint Alban was established in Verulamium, and his martyrdom was also alleged to have taken place there, the sources are unclear about where he was actually executed. Neither Victricius's

307:, thinking that a whipping would shake the constancy of his heart, but Alban bore these torments patiently and joyfully. When the judge realized that the tortures would not shake his faith, he gave orders for Alban to be beheaded. 3273:. Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina Antiquae et Media Aetatis (in German). Brussels: Société des Bollandistes, ed. 2 vols. I Subsidia Hagiographica.; Meyer, Wilhelm, 1904, "Passio Albani" (Turin and Paris Texts, pp. 35–47) ed., in 350:

immediately after delivering the fatal stroke, the eyes of the second executioner popped out of his head and dropped to the ground, along with Alban's head, so that this second executioner could not rejoice over Alban's death.

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Sharpe 2001, op. cit.; pp. 349–50 in Levison 1941, op. cit; p.13 in Wood, Ian (1984) "The End of Roman Britain: Continental Evidence and Parallels" in M. Lapidge and Dumville, ed., 'Gildas New Approaches', Woodbridge: Boydell

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When this damnable heresy had thus been stamped out, its authors refuted, and the minds of all re-established in the true faith, the bishops visited the shrine of the blessed martyr Alban, to give thanks to God through him.

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good sense in terms of his mission, claiming Britain's most famous cult for Catholicism". He therefore argues against the conclusion of Woods and Garcia that the martyr Alban was unknown before being invented by Germanus.

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established a Benedictine Abbey and monastery at the site c. 793, but the abbey was probably sacked and destroyed by the Danes c. 890. It was rebuilt by the Normans, with construction beginning in 1077. By the

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in Britain and asked Alban to give thanks to God on his behalf. They once again called on him during their voyage home, and Alban is credited with providing smooth sailing for the voyage back to the continent.

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Wood, Ian (2010) "Levison and St Alban", pp. 171–85 in "Wilhelm Levison (1876–1947). Ein Jüdisches Forscherleben ZwischenWissenschaft licher Anerkennung und Politischen Exil", ed. M. Becher and Y. Hen,

1021:, 'of Verulamium' in a passage that refers to the "graves and places where they suffered" of the early British martyrs. This suggests there was at least a shrine but quite possibly a church to him at 848:

mention (after describing the story of the saint's martyrdom) Germanus's visit to the tomb of Saint Alban. The E version, followed essentially by the T version, states (in the translation of Sharpe):

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in Cologne dates back to 1172 however, it was redesigned in 1668–72 by architect Arnold Gülich. The bell tower dates from 1494, and the facade from 1896. It was heavily bombed in WWII and in 1954,

955:, and Bede describes an important cult of Saint Alban there, by the early eighth century at least. Some doubt, however, is encouraged by the fact that in his account of Albans's martyrdom Gildas ( 903:

originates with the circle of Germanus at Auxerre. As time went on, more and more details and wondrous events were added to the account, reaching its most detailed version in Bede's 8th century

3875: 2329:. The chapel and the congregation later became St. Alban's Church and Parish. It was in this church that the second Anglican female priest, and first female priest in Arizona, was ordained. 1236:

Every year, during the weekend closest to his feast day, St Albans Cathedral hosts the "Alban Pilgrimage", with huge puppets re-enacting the events of Alban's martyrdom around the city of

767:('Life of St Germanus of Auxerre'), written probably sometime between 450 and 485 by Constantius of Lyons, that he, together with his fellow bishop Lupus, having stamped out the heresy of 1131:

and placed in St Pantaleon's church in about 984: the relics were miraculously saved from destruction in an accident on the way at a place that a later version of 1502, was identified as

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actually place the saint's day). Being the day when the sun is at its brightest in midsummer, that might suggest that there is indeed some significance in the literal meaning of the name

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of England in the 16th century. In 2002, a collar bone, one of the relics in the shrine, was moved to St Albans Cathedral in England, and placed in the shrine to Saint Alban there.

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Saint Alban was long regarded as a genuine martyr saint, the protomartyr of Britain, and for much of the 20th century controversy centred on the date of his martyrdom (see further

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In 2008 the historian Ian Wood proposed that Alban was an 'invention' of Germanus of Auxerre. Germanus visited Britain in 429, as is known from the nearly-contemporary mention by

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abbey church, has held a shrine to St Alban since the 10th century. Some relics are believed to have ended up in the church in order to keep them safe from destruction after the

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pp.61–2, in Garcia, Michael Moises, "Saint Alban and the Cult of Saints in Late Antique Britain", Doctoral Thesis, 2010 The University of Leeds: Institute for Medieval Studies

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places it in 305, "when the cruel Emperors first published their edicts against the Christians." In other words, it was sometime after the publication of the edicts by

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In a chapel east of the crossing and high altar are remains of the 14th-century marble shrine of St Alban. In June 2002 a scapula (shoulder blade), believed to be a

672:) that he was wearing and delivered himself up to be killed instead of the priest… and was delivered immediately to the evil Caesar Severus." According to Morris St 4420: 1924: 4460: 3305:

Higham, Nicholas J (2014) "Constantius, Germanus and fifth century Britain" in 'Early Medieval Europe' 22 (2), pp. 113–37; cf Thornhill, Revised Version, op. cit.

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St Albans Avenue was name of 118th Ave east of 196th Street. (Francis Lewis Boulevard is not on the map.) Also, St. Albans Place was the name of 121st Road. (See

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Their own merits and the intercession of Alban the Martyr secured for them a calm voyage; and a good ship brought them back in peace to their expectant people. (

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for example) have argued that such a single, localised British martyrdom in 209 would have been unusual, and they have suggested the period of 251–259 (under the

4661: 5174: 4485: 2850: 4610: 4227: 4156: 4151: 4146: 804: 721:, Germanus visits Alban's tomb and touches droplets of his blood still on the ground, but the text does not name the location of the tomb. It is not until 274:, but little is known about his religious affiliations, socioeconomic status, or citizenship. According to the most elaborate version of the tale found in 3441:

Baker op.cit. p. 254; G.Allmang, 1366 in "Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Geographie Ecclesiastique", ed A . Baudrillart, Paris 1912; G.B. Villiger, 655 in

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holds relics said to be those of the British martyr Alban (as noted above). In fact, although identified with the British martyr, he was locally known as

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110, saec IX, 1154. See also Attwater, Donald and Thurston, H.(1956) "Butler's Lives of the Saints", 4 vols, 2nd ed., London: Burnes and Oates: II, 608;

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by Germanus himself and taken from there to Rome. Another church at Cologne is known to have been dedicated to the British Alban from the 12th century.

1135:. The original record was in a 12th-century manuscript that alleged that the relics were actually those of the British martyr, having been delivered to 4445: 4293: 2303: 2284: 606:

The date of Alban's execution has never been firmly established. Original sources and modern historians indicate a range of dates between 209 and 313.

3543: 820:(the official story of the saint's martyrdom) may be even earlier (see below and Sources). Wood's argument was based partly on the idea that the name 1171:

suggested that he very probably represents, in origin, a localised version of the British martyr since his feast date was recorded as 21 June in the

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The hilltop located outside Verulamium eventually became the centre of the cult devoted to Alban. It has been claimed (but doubted by some) that a

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is recorded from 756. He was regarded as a separate figure in sources from Raban Maur's early 9th-century martyrology, including a 10th-century

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Abrams, Lesley (1996), "The Anglo-Saxons and the Christianization of Scandinavia", in Lapidge, Michael; Godden, Malcolm; Keynes, Simon (eds.),

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was long regarded as the earliest source for the martyr Alban, but recent research by Richard Sharpe has suggested the earliest version of the

1156:", where he would appear to be an independent local figure, being celebrated on 24 August but later identified with the Saint Alban of Mainz. 3370:

p. 347 in Levison, Willhelm "St Alban and St Albans" in 'Antiquity' 15, pp. 337–59; p. 73 in Garcia op. cit; pp. 175–6 in Wood 2010, op. cit.

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was still in its infancy at this time, and it has been suggested that Germanus had a hand in creating and promoting the cult of Saint Alban.

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Lowe, W.R.L. (1914–15) pp. 58–67 (especially 60, 62 with maps) in 'Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London', 2nd Ser., vol 27.

918:, now St Albans. That is on the basis of what is in fact the earliest mention of the martyr Alban in an indigenous British source, in the 254:" was the name given much later to the priest he was said to have been protecting). He is traditionally believed to have been beheaded in 4580: 4252: 1230: 3568: 2322:, which is affiliated with and was established in 1909 soon after the construction of the cathedral began, is also named for the saint. 1053:

of St Alban, was presented to St Albans Cathedral and placed inside the saint's restored 13th-century shrine. The bone was given by the

967:), which some have taken as an indication that the actual martyrdom (or the more original version of the story about it) was located in 4515: 4379: 4121: 4096: 1772:

and consecrated in 1887. The connection with Denmark goes back to the Middle Ages where a church dedicated to Saint Alban was built in

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that has come down in the 'E' and later versions That is very possible but, of course, quite unprovable, but it seems clear that the

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in Washington D.C., is located next to the parish church, which preceded the laying of the cathedral's cornerstone by 53 years. The

284:, in the 3rd or 4th century (see dating controversy below), Christians began to suffer "cruel persecution", and Alban was living in 163:

Soldier with a very large cross and a sword; decapitated, with his head in a holly bush and the eyes of his executioner dropping out

5074: 4257: 1718: 1776:. Supposedly, the relics of the saint had been brought here, maybe as early as the ninth century. It was in that church that King 1062: 5179: 3726: 1626: 5049: 5266: 4806: 2700: 1203: 3306: 3228: 1194:(near Altino, Italy), meanwhile was associated with one Domenicus in a legendary tale reminiscent of one told about Dionysus. 3688: 3651: 3148: 832:, who, in an article written in 2014, noted that since Germanus brought relics of continental saints with him, which, so the 574: 3673:

Tavinor, Michael (2020). "Pilgrimage and Cathedrals from the 1900s to the Present Day". In Dyas, Dee; Jenkins, John (eds.).

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Sharpe, Richard (2001). "The Late Antique Passion of St Alban" in M. Henig and P. Lindley ed., "Alban and St Albans" (Leeds)

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arrival of Germanus. Germanus is said to have taken away dust from the site, which was still marked with Alban's blood. The

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in England when many such relics were smuggled abroad to prevent their destruction. St Albans Abbey was dissolved in 1539.

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that Sharpe has convincingly argued represents an 'interpolation' to the more original E text. All extant versions of the

2806: 741:', above). More recently, however, some researchers have taken a more sceptical view of his historicity. In the view of 469: 322:

Alban was led to execution, and he presently came to a fast-flowing river that could not be crossed (believed to be the

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R. Kline, Church at the Crossroads: A History of St. Alban's Parish, Washington, D.C., 1854–2004, Posterity Press, 2005

1078: 1054: 920: 485: 3859: 3736: 3218:; English trans. in "From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: A Reader" ed. & trans. A. C Murray (Ontario, 2003) pp. 62–76 2979: 1761: 1635: 1621: 1395: 1378: 976: 5281: 3920: 2315: 1320: 1308: 936:) and others of both sexes, who in different places, displayed the highest spirit in the battle-line of Christ". ( 3216: 3058:

Baswell, Christopher; Quinn, Patricia (2010). "The Manuscript". In Wogan-Browne, Jocelyn; Fenster, Thelma (eds.).

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When Germanus came to Alban's basilica, carrying with him relics of all the apostles and of several martyrs...

401:, referred to as T, P, and E, the oldest of which dates to the eighth century. The T manuscript is located in 5276: 5261: 2415: 2311: 1942: 1781: 1643: 1405: 1252: 1211: 590: 3141:

Pagans and Christians in the Mediterranean World from the Second Century AD to the Conversion of Constantine

1857: 1175:(just a day before that of the British one, who actually appears on the 21st and 22nd in early recensions). 360:

now stands near the believed site of his execution, and a well is at the bottom of the hill, Holywell Hill.

4354: 4334: 3048:"The Passion of Saint Alban" by William of St. Albans," Thomas O'Donnell and Margaret Lamont on pp.133-165. 2535: 1708: 1430: 519:

is said to have visited the cult centre during his tour of Britain. Alban is also briefly mentioned in the

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In 1972, a chapel named after St. Alban was erected and later consecrated in the Sabino Catchment area of

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The argument has been accepted by, for instance, Michael Garcia but disputed by, for instance, Professor

682: 546: 35: 4646: 3024:" in 'Proceedings of the British Academy' 17; Duchesne (1894) (Bern, Epternach and other rescensions of 2789: 784:

The martyr Alban is also mentioned, one more time, in the context of Germanus's return journey, by sea:

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p. 211 in Baker, E. P. (1938) "The Cult of St Alban at Cologne", in 'The Archaeological Journal' 94.

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when it opened in 1898. A 1909 map also shows a St Albans Avenue and a St Albans Place in the area.

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pp. 215–18 in Charles-Edwards, T.M (2013) "Wales and the Britons 350–1064", Oxford University Press

2611: 2599: 2583: 2543: 2527: 2519: 2214: 1842: 1292: 17: 5054: 5029: 4400: 1094:'Saint Alban' concerned is regarded as a separate figure, other times, he is alternatively called 877:, or 'story of the martyrdom', of an already well-known figure that was revealed to Germanus. The 5084: 4902: 4791: 4771: 4761: 4746: 4349: 2539: 2515: 2503: 2407: 1577: 1442: 1223: 912:

The location of the tomb of Saint Alban that Germanus visited is most often thought to have been

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Framed tinted drawing of Heraclius taking down the head of Saint Alban, from the Trinity College

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VII, pp. 225–283; trans. in Hoare, F. R. (1965) The Western Fathers. New York: Harper Torchbooks

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Churches, festivals, and places dedicated to Saint Alban outside Britain include the following:

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released Alt St. Alban so that the city could incorporate it into the construction of the

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is very likely the source text of the more well-known accounts found in Gildas and Bede.

406: 405:, the P manuscript is found in Paris and the E manuscripts (of which there are 4) are at 386: 357: 315: 131: 5034: 4636: 4395: 3618: 5230: 5119: 5094: 4967: 4781: 4681: 4575: 4440: 4086: 4010: 3792: 3680: 2989: 2825: 2615: 2595: 2507: 2499: 2471: 2391: 2387: 1847: 1768:, Denmark, which is the city's only Anglican church. It was built to the design of Sir 1284: 1215: 1168: 697: 503:

but says he crossed the river Thames prior to his execution, during the persecution of

138: 2896:(in German). 2 vols. I Subsidia Hagiographica. Brussels: Société des Bollandistes, ed. 2761: 2332:

In 1928, St. Alban's Chapel, an Episcopalian church, was established on the campus of

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The largest relic of St Alban in England is the thigh of the protomartyr preserved at

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Delehaye, Hippolyte (1931) (reconstruction of late 6th c. Auxerre 'revised version')

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After undergoing several name changes, St. Albans is the name of a community West of

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Liberal Catholic Church of St Francis and St Alban in Gordon, Sydney, New South Wales

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Gildas writing probably in the second quarter of the fifth century calls Saint Alban

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The martyrdom of St Alban, from a 13th-century manuscript written and illustrated by

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Stained glass window depicting Saint Alban and Saint George, Patron Saint of England

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Besides his abbey, churches in England dedicated to Saint Alban include the former

1110: 1031: 924:

probably written in the second quarter of the fifth century, by the British author

418: 243: 185: 5129: 4851: 4816: 4706: 4339: 4262: 4136: 4126: 3674: 3641: 2810: 2603: 2443: 2423: 2371: 2355: 2326: 2226: 1801: 1697: 1594: 1525: 1179: 414: 158: 3905: 577:

and most famous of St Alban's Abbey's monks, produced a beautifully-illustrated

515:, where a shrine devoted to Alban had been established by at least 429 AD, when 4796: 4731: 4626: 4425: 4288: 4232: 3757: 2970:

Thorpe, Geoffrey of Monmouth; translated with an introduction by Lewis (1984).

2559: 2547: 2523: 2272: 1667: 1661: 1600: 1248: 1160: 1026: 742: 631: 627: 507:. Bede's account is much more detailed but sets the events during the reign of 229: 221: 4066: 3763:. Mentions 1894 split from Hollis. See also full article and sketch of school: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2181:

Saint Alban Episcopal Church, Episcopal Diocese of North Central Philippines,

1373: 959:

11) describes the martyr as crossing the Thames to his place of execution (at

656:

suggests that Alban's martyrdom took place during the persecutions of Emperor

5250: 4161: 4030: 4020: 3995: 3073: 2906:

Garcia, Michael. "Saint Alban and the Cult of Saints in Late Antique Britain"

2725: 2551: 2055: 1980: 1952: 1114: 1025:

by then. Certainly, Bede (c. 720) mentions a church there, dedicated to him.

895: 816: 570: 410: 381: 338: 271: 247: 3387:. Internet History Sourcebook. Fordham University. Retrieved 3 November 2013 3324: 1105: 385:, or the Passion of Alban, which relates the tale of Alban's martyrdom, and 4917: 4721: 4465: 3950: 3209:

vol 1, 1892, Mommsen, Theodore, ed., Berlin: Weidemann pp. 385–485; Migne,

2736: 2232: 2107: 1898: 1642:(1883–1936) – ceased as Cathedral in 1936 and sold for use as a chapel for 1316: 763: 752:. His chronicle, in the entry for the year 429 (published in 433), states: 430: 232: 168: 2844: 2842: 2803: 1986: 1917: 1902: 1178:

The story in Raban Maur associates Alban of Mainz with a martyred bishop,

4525: 4081: 3965: 2920: 2567: 2467: 2379: 2264:(Serbisch-Orthodoxe-Kirche) with sacral predecessors dating back to 1083 2068: 1873: 1352: 1300: 1288: 1066: 768: 717:

mentions where he was martyred other than that it was in Britain. In the

451: 394: 239: 108: 5044: 4983: 4303: 2280: 1481:

Liberal Catholic Church of St Alban in Spring Hill, Brisbane, Queensland

1085:, which was transferred from the St Pantaleon's reliquary in the 1950s. 893:

were actually the original, very simple and short, first version of the

67: 5164: 4811: 4701: 4505: 4319: 3275:

Die Legende des h. Albanus, des Protomartyr Angliae, in Texten vor Beda

2839: 2101: 1881: 1794: 1765: 1382: 1362:

St Alban is the Patron Saint of the Liberal Catholic Church worldwide.

1296: 1264: 1183: 914: 745:, not only is St Alban's date disputable but so is his very existence. 623: 535:(c. 1136). It is also possible that his martyrdom is referenced in the 512: 504: 369: 295: 285: 255: 251: 85: 5184: 4600: 3042:

Paris, Matthew (2010). Wogan-Browne, Jocelyn; Fenster, Thelma (eds.).

2804:"Who was Saint Alban?", Saint Alban's Episcopal Church, Wilmington, DE 5089: 4871: 4756: 4741: 4716: 4520: 4470: 4344: 4197: 1958: 1498: 1328: 1237: 1186:

the latter of whom is said to have originated on the Greek island of

1128: 1039: 1006: 969: 964: 800: 398: 323: 259: 246:, Alban is one of three named martyrs recorded at an early date from 98: 3317: 3111: 2887: 2885: 864:

after which the T version essentially follows the E version again:

550:, or the so-called 'Martyrology of Saint Jerome' in which the entry 5225: 5159: 5104: 5099: 4952: 4866: 4861: 4841: 4751: 4711: 4595: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4374: 4369: 4359: 4247: 4171: 4166: 4035: 3165: 2208: 2128: 2036: 1679: 1559: 1312: 638: 581:

in the 13th century, which is in French verse adapted from a Latin

304: 5169: 5194: 5149: 5109: 5064: 4912: 4886: 4876: 4856: 4726: 4605: 3985: 3980: 3355: 3157: 2882: 2563: 2427: 2195: 2122: 2088: 2074: 1975: 1970: 1685: 1639: 1542: 1348: 1304: 1268: 1256: 1136: 1127:. His relics were said to have been brought from Rome by Empress 1058: 3586: 3480:

Levison 1941 op.cit. p. 338; Delehaye 1931b, op.cit. pp.328, 330

3331:

Sharpe, Richard (2001). "The Late Antique Passion of St Alban".

2944: 1417:

Multicultural Bible Ministry (MBM) St Albans Anglican Church in

1102:), and at other times he is identified with the British martyr. 4993: 4942: 4821: 4560: 4283: 4242: 4202: 3970: 3955: 3896:

at www.earlychurchtexts.com – also links to online dictionaries

3533:, op.cit. I, 721) Pausanius, "Description of Greece", III, 24.3 3085: 2291: 1773: 1630: 1356: 1324: 1272: 1260: 1191: 925: 722: 693: 673: 665: 480: 368:

The earliest mention of Alban's martyrdom is believed to be in

289: 125: 3814: 3705:"Alt St. Alban – Gedenkstätte für die Toten zweier Weltkriege" 3646:, vol. 24, Cambridge University Press, pp. 240–241, 2946: 2914: 2912: 2785: 2783: 200: 5235: 4836: 4076: 4025: 4005: 4000: 3445:, Istituto Giovanni XXIII, Pontificale Universate Lateranense 2974:(Repr. ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. p. 131. 1946: 1280: 1187: 1143: 1050: 1000: 947:

location is supported by the fact that the topography of the

450:, Germanus visited Alban's grave shortly after defeating the 402: 345:, Dublin; note the executioner's eyes falling out of his head 191: 54: 1351:

Village, Northumberland, which is the nearest one to Bede's

1347:, Oxford. Finally, a church is dedicated to Saint Alban at 1034:, St Albans was ranked as the premier abbey in England. The 664:, unknown to Bede, which states, "Alban received a fugitive 660:

in 209. Morris bases his claims on the Turin version of the

5154: 4826: 4736: 4696: 4131: 3828: 2909: 2780: 1999: 1744:

The name was changed from Ship Cove to St. Alban's in 1915.

616: 490: 389:'s subsequent visit to the site of Alban's execution. This 275: 2894:

Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina Antiquae et Media Aetatis

644: 3170:

Bulletin du centre d'études médiévales d'Auxerre (BUCEMA)

2938: 951:

can be broadly, if not quite exactly, matched to that of

856:

but interpolated at this point in only the T version is

840:

Key to the argument is a passage in the T version of the

209: 2290:

St. Albans is the name of a community in the borough of

626:

in 303 and before the proclamation of toleration in the

3890:

on the Cathedral and Abbey Church of St Alban's website

3471:

of the Bollandists: June V, 75–83; Allmang op.cit.1365.

1570:

St. Alban's Church, the Anglican Parish of New Bandon,

238:, for which reason he is considered to be the British 3731:. Citizens Committee for New York City. p. 193. 2951:. London: Everyman Press. pp. Part 1: A.D. 1–748 2892:

Meyer, Wilhelm (1898). "Die Legende des h. Albanus".

1916:

was built on a new plot of land using materials from

2963: 2820: 2818: 1065:. St Pantaleon's, like St Albans Cathedral a former 805:

Church of the Good Shepherd (Rosemont, Pennsylvania)

212: 197: 194: 3753:"St. Albans' New School House Dedicated Last Night" 2879:

p. 4 in Wood 2009, op. cit.; p.47 in Garcia op.cit.

1214:on 22 June and he continues to be venerated in the 206: 188: 483:gives a short account of Alban's martyrdom in his 3935: 3900:An English translation of Bede's chapter on Alban 2815: 2240:St. Alban the Martyr Anglican Cathedral, Pretoria 1355:. There is also a St Albans parish and church in 462:Martyrdom of Amphibalus from the Trinity College 5248: 3092:Morris, John (1968). "The Date of Saint Alban". 2621:St Alban's Anglican Catholic, Richmond, Virginia 1660:St. Alban's Anglican Church, Stella, Ontario on 1098:(and often identified with 6th c. bishop, Saint 3793:Queens, NY, Street Name Changes 1914 – May 1951 2237:St Albans Liberal Catholic Church, Johannesburg 2762:"Ecclesiastical History of the English People" 771:in Britain, visited the tomb of Saint Alban: 641:, in 313. Bede was probably following Gildas. 567:on which it is based) as 'white' or 'bright'. 379:The foundational text concerning Alban is the 3921: 2706:St. Alban's Episcopal Church (disambiguation) 2624:St Albans Church of God in St. Paul Minnesota 2145:Chartwell Cooperating Church of St. Alban's, 1728:Fabrique de la Paroisse de Saint-Alban (Le), 3385:Ecclesiastical History of the English People 3318:"p.10 in Thornhill, Revised Version, op.cit" 3057: 3022:In Brittania dans le Martyrologe Hieronymien 2994:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2642:St. Alban's Catholic Church in Rochester, NY 906:Ecclesiastical History of the English People 544:Another early source for Saint Alban is the 496:Ecclesiastical History of the English People 318:in England, showing the death of Saint Alban 281:Ecclesiastical History of the English People 3010:Commentarius in Martyrologium Hieronymianum 2921:"St Germanus, Bishop of Auxerre, Confessor" 1231:Fellowship of Saint Alban and Saint Sergius 963:/St Alban's there is only the much smaller 932:), Aaron and Iulius, citizens of Caerleon ( 428:Another early text to mention Alban is the 3928: 3914: 3143:. London, UK: Penguin Books. p. 273. 2851:"Victricius of Rouen: Praising the Saints" 1423:Anglican Church of St Alban the Martyr in 1411:Anglican Church of St Alban the Martyr in 1146:is recorded in the Berne recension of the 725:that Alban was connected with Verulamium. 66: 3894:The Latin Text of Bede's chapter on Alban 2945:Translation by Rev. James Ingram (1912). 2054:Saint Alban's Anglican-Episcopal Church, 1190:, together with Alban. A Saint Alban of 499:(c. 730). Gildas calls Alban a martyr of 97:Holywell Hill (formerly Holmhurst Hill), 3138: 3060:The Life of Saint Alban by Matthew Paris 2279: 2271: 2112:St. Alban's Uniting Church, Christchurch 2022:St. Alban's Anglican/Episcopal Mission, 1696:Saint Alban the Martyr Anglican Church, 1593:Saint Alban the Martyr Anglican Church, 1372: 1104: 1005: 975: 795: 643: 468: 457: 332: 309: 3852:Verulamium: The Roman City of St Albans 3849: 3779: 3724: 3672: 2799: 2797: 2718: 1923:Wehrkirche St. Alban und St. Wendelin, 1396:Cathedral Church of St Alban the Martyr 1154:Basilea civitate sancti Albani martyris 14: 5249: 3639: 3330: 3091: 2969: 2133:St. Alban the Martyr Anglican Church, 2012:St. Alban's Anglican Church, Mt Moritz 1817:inhabitants are called Saint Albanians 1742:St. Alban's, Newfoundland and Labrador 1654:St. Alban the Martyr Anglican Church, 668:and put on his garment and his cloak ( 132:Cathedral and Abbey Church of St Alban 3909: 3815:"St. Alban's Episcopal Church Tucson" 3062:. Tempe, AZ: ACMRS. pp. 169–212. 3041: 3032:ii, 1; p. 122 in Sharpe 2002, op.cit. 2891: 2848: 1719:St. Alban's Cathedral (Prince Albert) 228:) is venerated as the first-recorded 3829:"St. Alban's Episcopal Church @ LSU" 3163: 2794: 2668:St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.) 2633:Church of St Alban, Philadelphia, PA 1752:St. Alban's Square, Toronto, Ontario 648:Eastern Orthodox icon of Saint Alban 95:disputed: 22 June 209, c. 251 or 304 3676:Pilgrimage and England's Cathedrals 2972:The history of the Kings of Britain 2701:St. Alban's Church (disambiguation) 2670:One of the top US boarding schools. 1343:). and St Alban the Martyr Church, 1233:is also named in part after Alban. 1088: 493:gives a much fuller account in his 173:converts, refugees, torture victims 24: 3833:St. Alban's Episcopal Church @ LSU 3597: 3195:Prosperi Tironis Epitoma Chronicon 2918: 2855:Journal of Early Christian Studies 2726:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Alban" 2188: 2171:St Alban's Anglican Church, Degema 1365: 1303:, one in a Norwich suburb, one in 921:De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae 761:Meanwhile, it was recorded in the 596: 486:De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae 25: 5303: 3869: 3725:Copquin, Claudia Gryvatz (2007). 3619:"Online Sightseeing – Copenhagen" 2297:LIRR station was named St. Albans 2073:ACK St. Alban Parish Makadara in 1936:Benediktinerinnen von St. Alban, 1870:Saint Pantaleon's Church, Cologne 1636:Cathedral of St. Alban the Martyr 1333:St Alban the Martyr Parish Church 1182:and two other martyrs, Ursus and 1121:Saint Pantaleon's Church, Cologne 681:or 'judge'. Subsequent scholars ( 591:Trinity College Library in Dublin 4637:Æbbe "the Younger" of Coldingham 3509:345-6). See also Antonio Niere, 3354:Wikisource "The Ruin of Britain" 2759: 2276:St Alban's Parish, Washington DC 2267: 2139:St. Albans Presbyterian Church, 2035:St. Albans CSI Anglican Church, 1263:, ones in the London suburbs of 184: 5180:Hwita of Whitchurch Canonicorum 3821: 3807: 3798: 3745: 3718: 3697: 3666: 3633: 3611: 3579: 3561: 3536: 3520: 3483: 3474: 3457: 3448: 3435: 3426: 3417: 3408: 3399: 3390: 3373: 3364: 3348: 3339: 3310: 3299: 3290: 3280: 3263: 3254: 3249:Scriptores Rerum Merovingicarum 3233: 3221: 3187: 3132: 3122: 3104: 3066: 3051: 3035: 3002: 2201: 1920:, which was demolished in 1958. 1823:inhabitants are called Albanais 1599:Saint Alban's Anglican Church, 1558:St. Alban's Anglican Church in 1429:Anglican Church of St Alban in 1404:Anglican Church of St Alban in 4632:Æbbe "the Elder" of Coldingham 3501:, 347-8) second, 11th century 3239:Krusch, B and Levison, W 1920 2900: 2873: 2790:Wikisource:The Ruin of Britain 2686:List of early Christian saints 2636:St. Albans Open Air Chapel in 2256: 2175: 2094: 1957:Katholische Kirche St. Alban, 1951:Katholische Kirche St. Alban, 1878:dissolution of the monasteries 1707:St. Alban's Church, Anglican, 1622:St. Alban's Cathedral (Kenora) 1509:Victoria University, Melbourne 1471:St Alban's Anglican Chapel at 1465:St Alban's Anglican Church in 1459:St Alban's Anglican Church in 1453:St Alban's Anglican Church in 1447:St Alban's Anglican Church in 1441:St Alban's Anglican Church in 1435:St Alban's Anglican Church in 1079:St Michael's Benedictine Abbey 1072:dissolution of the monasteries 757:British to the catholic faith. 728: 436:Life of St Germanus of Auxerre 265: 145:General Roman Calendar of 1960 13: 1: 5267:4th-century Christian martyrs 3937:Saints of Anglo-Saxon England 3843: 3569:"St Albans cathedral website" 3199:Monumenta Germaniae Historica 3166:"Germanus, Alban and Auxerre" 2312:Washington National Cathedral 2295:the school district, and the 2115:St. Alban's Anglican Church, 2100:St. Alban's Anglican Church, 1690:St. Alban's Anglican Church, 1684:St. Alban's Anglican Church, 1678:St. Alban's Anglican Church, 1672:St. Alban's Anglican Church, 1666:St. Alban's Anglican Church, 1406:Muswellbrook, New South Wales 1197: 1167:by Gozwin of 1060–2 However, 1001:cult and veneration of saints 4355:Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet 3454:Levison 1941, op.cit. p. 338 3116:Orthodoxy's Western Heritage 2578:– two in Washington, D.C. – 2536:Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 2350:St Alban's Episcopal Church: 2343:, the capital of the state. 2213:St Alban's Anglican Church, 2016: 1969:Wallfahrtskirche St. Alban, 1709:Souris, Prince Edward Island 1587:St Alban's Anglican Church, 1576:St Alban's Anglican Church, 1431:Marradong, Western Australia 1389: 589:, c. 1178. It is now at the 552:In Britannia Albani martyris 32:Saint-Alban (disambiguation) 7: 4812:Eosterwine of Monkwearmouth 4320:Æbbe of Thanet (Domne Eafe) 3902:at www.earlychurchtexts.com 3728:The neighborhoods of Queens 3605:"The Canadian Encyclopedia" 2766:Internet History Sourcebook 2674: 2364:Catalina Foothills, Arizona 2336:in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 2304:St Alban's Episcopal Church 2231:St Albans Anglican Church, 2225:St Albans Anglican Church, 2161:is a suburb of Christchurch 2106:St. Albans Baptist Church, 2087:St. Alban Anglican Church, 2081: 1998:St. Alban Anglican Church, 1784:, was consecrated in 1908. 1648:St Albans Anglican Church, 1547:St. Alban Anglican Church, 1541:St. Alban Anglican Church, 1437:Boggabilla, New South Wales 1419:Rooty Hill, New South Wales 1413:Kalangadoo, South Australia 1319:, Cheshire. There is also 1173:Martyrologium Hieronymianum 1149:Martyrologium Hieronymianum 738: 703: 683:William Hugh Clifford Frend 575:medieval English chronicler 547:Martyrologium Hieronymianum 242:. Along with fellow Saints 36:St. Albans (disambiguation) 10: 5308: 4923:Florentius of Peterborough 4742:Ceolfrith of Monkwearmouth 3882:: the story of Saint Alban 3850:Niblett, Rosalind (2001). 3414:Baker op.cit. pp. 212, 250 3271:Die Legende des h. Albanus 2681:Catholic Church in England 2663:St. Albans (town), Vermont 2653:St. Albans (city), Vermont 2480:Warren County, Mississippi 2334:Louisiana State University 2165: 2067:ACK St. Alban's Church in 2006: 1943:Saint Alban's Abbey, Mainz 1863: 1827:Saint-Alban, Haute-Garonne 1821:Saint-Alban, Côtes-d'Armor 1756: 1644:Royal St. George's College 1627:St Alban's Anglican Church 1504:St Albans, New South Wales 1467:Largs Bay, South Australia 1455:Lindfield, New South Wales 1449:Five Dock, New South Wales 1425:St Albans, New South Wales 881:were then written down in 734:not refer to real events. 363: 40: 29: 5213: 5080:Beorhthelm of Shaftesbury 5002: 4976: 4895: 4862:Sigfrith of Monkwearmouth 4619: 4471:Cyneswith of Peterborough 4388: 4312: 4271: 4216: 4185: 4057:Æthelburh of Faremoutiers 4052:Æthelberht of East Anglia 4044: 3943: 3854:. Tempus Publishing Ltd. 3094:Hertfordshire Archaeology 2948:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 2658:St. Albans, West Virginia 2512:Littleton, North Carolina 2488:New Brunswick, New Jersey 2341:Charleston, West Virginia 2320:St Albans School for Boys 1832:Saint-Alban-sur-Limagnole 1787: 1562:, which was built in 1892 1515: 1400:Griffith, New South Wales 1010:Shrine of Saint Alban in 601: 532:Historia Regum Britanniae 167: 157: 137: 122: 104: 91: 79: 74: 65: 52: 5165:Frithestan of Winchester 5150:Earmund of Stoke Fleming 4717:Billfrith of Lindisfarne 4672:Æthelwold of Lindisfarne 4581:Regenhere of Northampton 4142:Sigeberht of East Anglia 4097:Cuthbald of Peterborough 3423:Baker op.cit. pp. 211–13 3139:Lane Fox, Robin (1986). 2711: 2612:Harford County, Maryland 2600:Maricopa County, Arizona 2584:Washakie County, Wyoming 2544:Middle Valley, Tennessee 2528:Deschutes County, Oregon 2520:Davidson, North Carolina 2262:St.-Alban-Kirche (Basel) 2061: 2042: 2029: 1992: 1945:Kath. Kirche St. Alban, 1843:Saint-Alban-des-Villards 1293:East Riding of Yorkshire 1109:Stained-glass window in 615:lists the year 283, but 147:and Anglican Communion) 41:Not to be confused with 5282:Executed British people 5236:Urith of Chittlehampton 5190:Margaret of Dunfermline 5085:Beornstan of Winchester 5070:Benignus of Glastonbury 5060:Æthelwold of Winchester 5050:Æthelnoth of Canterbury 4908:Firmin of North Crawley 4903:Augustine of Canterbury 4792:Eardwulf of Northumbria 4772:Eadfrith of Lindisfarne 4762:Eadberht of Lindisfarne 4747:Ceolwulf of Northumbria 4657:Æthelgyth of Coldingham 4496:Eadweard of Maugersbury 4350:Deusdedit of Canterbury 4345:Berhtwald of Canterbury 3529:June V, 80-3; Daniele, 3463:'Raban Maur' in Migne, 3269:Meyer, Wilhelm (1898). 3044:The Life of Saint Alban 2849:Clark, Gillian (1999). 2540:Whitfield, Pennsylvania 2516:Hickory, North Carolina 2504:Staten Island, New York 2408:St. Pete Beach, Florida 1858:Saint-Alban-d'Hurtières 1443:Exeter, New South Wales 1297:Swaythling, Southampton 1046:, established in 1877. 984: 438:, written about 480 by 397:, with three different 343:Trinity College Library 5226:Juthwara of Sherbourne 5195:Swithhun of Winchester 5135:Eadweard the Confessor 5045:Æthelgar of Canterbury 5025:Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury 4968:Theodore of Canterbury 4953:Mellitus of Canterbury 4948:Laurence of Canterbury 4933:Honorius of Canterbury 4777:Eadwine of Northumbria 4767:Eadfrith of Leominster 4647:Ælfwald of Northumbria 4531:Frithuwold of Chertsey 4466:Cynehelm of Winchcombe 4461:Cyneburh of Gloucester 4436:Beorhthelm of Stafford 4411:Æthelmod of Leominster 4375:Nothhelm of Canterbury 4360:Eanswith of Folkestone 4299:Indract of Glastonbury 4122:Hiurmine of Blythburgh 4102:Eadmund of East Anglia 4021:Patrick of Glastonbury 3878:Ecclesiastical History 3193:Prosper of Aquitaine, 3075:Anglo-Saxon Chronicles 2638:Albany County, Wyoming 2629:Baton Rouge, Louisiana 2287: 2277: 1838:Saint-Alban-de-Montbel 1572:Diocese of Fredericton 1461:Leura, New South Wales 1386: 1341:Ark St Alban's Academy 1321:St Alban's, West Leigh 1117: 1083:Farnborough, Hampshire 1055:Church of St Pantaleon 1014: 981: 807: 649: 563:(or at least the root 477: 466: 413:, both in London, and 346: 330:by a martyr's blood.) 319: 225: 151:Current Roman Calendar 5287:Romano-British saints 5200:Wulfsige of Sherborne 5125:Eadgyth of Polesworth 5115:Eadburh of Winchester 5110:Dunstan of Canterbury 5055:Æthelwine of Athelney 5035:Ælfheah of Winchester 5030:Ælfheah of Canterbury 4994:Lewina of Bishopstone 4984:Cuthflæd of Lyminster 4928:Hadrian of Canterbury 4913:Birinus of Dorchester 4852:Oswine of Northumbria 4847:Oswald of Northumbria 4692:Balthere of Tyningham 4677:Alchhild of Middleham 4652:Æthelburh of Hackness 4586:Rumbold of Buckingham 4526:Frithuswith of Oxford 4501:Ealdgyth of Stortford 4486:Eadburh of Southwell 4406:Æthelberht of Bedford 4401:Ælfthryth of Crowland 4340:Albinus of Canterbury 4304:Maildub of Malmesbury 4248:Grimbald of St Bertin 3976:Congar of Congresbury 3966:Branwalator of Milton 3548:The Church of England 3531:Bibliotheca Sanctorum 3513:, op.cit. pp. 354–8; 3511:Bibliotheca Sanctorum 3443:Bibliotheca Sanctorum 3432:Baker op. cit. p. 338 3359:Winterbottom, Michael 3112:"St Alban the Martyr" 3016:of the Bollandists) 2614:– Arlington, Texas – 2608:Los Banos, California 2484:Cape Elizabeth, Maine 2456:Glen Burnie, Maryland 2452:Cape Elizabeth, Maine 2432:Indianapolis, Indiana 2400:Hartford, Connecticut 2314:, a cathedral of the 2302:The parish church of 2283: 2275: 2207:St Albans Cathedral, 1834:pronounced Sent Aoubo 1815:Saint-Alban-Auriolles 1793:St Alban's Anglican, 1703:Prince Edward Island 1650:Grand Valley, Ontario 1535:St. Albans Anglican, 1524:St. Albans Anglican, 1511:has St. Albans Campus 1477:Southport, Queensland 1376: 1245:St Alban, Wood Street 1108: 1009: 979: 799: 647: 621:Eastern Roman Emperor 612:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 522:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 472: 461: 336: 313: 117:Roman Catholic Church 5277:History of St Albans 5262:Burials at St Albans 5205:Wulfthryth of Wilton 5175:Humbert of Stokenham 5105:Cwenburh of Wimborne 5090:Beornwald of Bampton 5065:Aldhelm of Sherborne 4989:Cuthmann of Steyning 4943:Justus of Canterbury 4757:Dryhthelm of Melrose 4712:Bercthun of Beverley 4521:Frithuric of Breedon 4506:Earconwald of London 4491:Eadgyth of Aylesbury 4421:Æthelwynn of Sodbury 4365:Eormengyth of Thanet 4279:Aidan of Lindisfarne 4198:Hildelith of Barking 4193:Æthelburh of Barking 4117:Herefrith of Thorney 4072:Æthelwine of Lindsey 4006:Melorius of Amesbury 2919:Butler, Rev. Alban. 2826:"Medieval St Albans" 2768:. Fordham University 2691:List of protomartyrs 2572:Travis County, Texas 2476:Manistique, Michigan 2404:Wilmington, Delaware 2384:El Cajon, California 2219:St. Alban's Church, 2127:St. Alban's Church, 2121:St. Alban's Church, 1925:Morsbach (Künzelsau) 1853:Saint-Alban-de-Roche 1800:Church Saint Alban, 1778:Canute IV of Denmark 1610:St. Alban's Church, 1473:The Southport School 1337:Highgate, Birmingham 1133:Silenen, Switzerland 1044:Diocese of St Albans 750:Prosper of Aquitaine 587:William of St Albans 527:Geoffrey of Monmouth 30:For other uses, see 5170:Hædde of Winchester 5140:Eadweard the Martyr 5100:Cuthburh of Wimborn 5040:Æthelflæd of Romsey 4963:Peter of Canterbury 4842:Osthryth of Bardney 4732:Ceadda of Lichfield 4611:Wulfhild of Barking 4596:Werburgh of Chester 4571:Oswald of Worcester 4561:Milred of Worcester 4546:Mildburh of Wenlock 4536:Hæmma of Leominster 4481:Eadburh of Pershore 4476:Eadburh of Bicester 4263:Wulfram of Grantham 4253:Monegunda of Watton 4162:Walstan of Bawburgh 4152:Torthred of Thorney 4112:Guthlac of Crowland 4062:Æthelflæd of Ramsey 4001:Judoc of Winchester 3991:Elfin of Warrington 3961:Brannoc of Braunton 3775:. 12 December 1895. 3761:. 12 December 1895. 3643:Anglo-Saxon England 3621:. Copenhagen Portal 3333:Alban and St Albans 3046:. Tempe, AZ: ACMRS. 2696:Saint Alban's Cross 2627:St. Albans Chapel, 2588:Superior, Wisconsin 2580:Edmonds, Washington 2576:Annandale, Virginia 2492:Oakland, New Jersey 2460:Salisbury, Maryland 2436:Fort Wayne, Indiana 2412:Auburndale, Florida 2376:Yucaipa, California 2368:Wickenburg, Arizona 2360:Stuttgart, Arkansas 2346:Incomplete List... 2251:St. Alban's College 1748:Saint-Alban, Quebec 1656:Georgetown, Ontario 1589:Grand Falls-Windsor 1495:St Albans, Victoria 1142:The Saint Alban of 1012:St Albans Cathedral 739:'Dating controversy 700:) are more likely. 670:habitu et caracalla 517:Germanus of Auxerre 511:and in the town of 446:. According to the 440:Constantius of Lyon 421:(Switzerland). The 407:The British Library 387:Germanus of Auxerre 358:St Albans Cathedral 316:St Albans Cathedral 27:English protomartyr 5272:4th-century Romans 5231:Rumbold of Mechlin 5095:Centwine of Wessex 5075:Beocca of Chertsey 4877:Wilfrith of Hexham 4872:Wihtberht of Ripon 4782:Ealdberht of Ripon 4752:Cuthbert of Durham 4682:Alchmund of Hexham 4667:Æthelwold of Farne 4662:Æthelsige of Ripon 4576:Osburh of Coventry 4556:Mildrith of Thanet 4516:Freomund of Mercia 4456:Cyneburh of Castor 4441:Coenwulf of Mercia 4416:Æthelred of Mercia 4380:Sigeburh of Thanet 4370:Mildrith of Thanet 4330:Æthelburh of Kent 4325:Æthelberht of Kent 4272:Irish and Scottish 4228:Balthild of Romsey 4147:Tancred of Thorney 4087:Botwulf of Thorney 4077:Athwulf of Thorney 4067:Æthelthryth of Ely 4036:Sativola of Exeter 4026:Rumon of Tavistock 4011:Nectan of Hartland 3986:Decuman of Watchet 3887:The Story of Alban 3681:Palgrave Macmillan 3164:Wood, Ian (2009). 2809:2011-07-28 at the 2616:Tacoma, Washington 2596:Spooner, Wisconsin 2508:Brooklyn, New York 2500:Syracuse, New York 2472:Bay City, Michigan 2392:Albany, California 2388:Arcata, California 2288: 2278: 2048:St. Alban Church, 1963:St. Alban Kirche, 1938:Dießen am Ammersee 1848:Saint-Alban-Leysse 1531:British Columbia 1387: 1169:Hippolyte Delehaye 1118: 1038:now serves as the 1015: 982: 808: 711:De Laude Sanctorum 652:English historian 650: 478: 467: 374:De Laude Sanctorum 347: 320: 109:Anglican Communion 5244: 5243: 5221:Arilda of Oldbury 5185:Mærwynn of Romsey 5130:Eadgyth of Wilton 5120:Eadgar of England 5020:Ælfgifu of Exeter 5015:Ælfgar of Selwood 4867:Tatberht of Ripon 4802:Ecgberht of Ripon 4737:Cedd of Lichfield 4642:Ælfflæd of Whitby 4606:Wigstan of Repton 4566:Oda of Canterbury 4451:Credan of Evesham 4431:Beonna of Breedon 4284:Boisil of Melrose 4258:Odwulf of Evesham 4107:Eadnoth of Ramsey 4092:Cissa of Crowland 3981:Dachuna of Bodmin 3956:Barloc of Norbury 3690:978-3-030-48031-8 3653:978-0-521-55845-7 3591:Anglican Riverina 3465:Patrologia Latina 3212:Patrologia Latina 3150:978-0-14-102295-6 3080:Project Gutenberg 2592:Sussex, Wisconsin 2532:Tillamook, Oregon 2448:Monroe, Louisiana 2440:Spirit Lake, Iowa 2396:Windsor, Colorado 2285:St Alban's, Tokyo 2194:St Alban Church, 2024:Antigua Guatemala 1782:St Alban's Church 1762:St Alban's Church 1379:St Alban's Church 1253:St Alban's Church 1208:Church of England 1100:Albinus of Angers 658:Septimius Severus 573:, the celebrated 525:(c. 900), and by 509:Septimius Severus 314:Stained glass in 177: 176: 105:Venerated in 43:Albinus of Angers 16:(Redirected from 5299: 5155:Edor of Chertsey 5145:Eadwold of Cerne 5010:Æbbe of Abingdon 4958:Paulinus of York 4938:James the Deacon 4887:Wilgils of Ripon 4857:Sicgred of Ripon 4832:John of Beverley 4727:Botwine of Ripon 4702:Bega of Copeland 4687:Alkmund of Derby 4511:Egwin of Evesham 4446:Cotta of Breedon 4396:Ælfnoth of Stowe 4335:Æthelred of Kent 4294:Ultan the Scribe 4243:Helier of Jersey 4177:Wulfric of Holme 4082:Blida of Martham 4016:Neot of Cornwall 3971:Credan of Bodmin 3951:Aldate of Oxford 3930: 3923: 3916: 3907: 3906: 3865: 3837: 3836: 3825: 3819: 3818: 3811: 3805: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3762: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3571:. 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1896: 1770:Arthur Blomfield 1692:Mattawa, Ontario 1674:Lincoln, Ontario 1277:Westcliff-on-Sea 1224:Eastern Orthodox 1111:Lancaster Priory 1089:On the Continent 1032:High Middle Ages 889:written down in 583:Life of St Alban 579:Life of St Alban 464:Life of St Alban 393:survives in six 244:Julius and Aaron 219: 218: 215: 214: 211: 208: 203: 202: 199: 196: 193: 190: 128: 70: 50: 49: 21: 5307: 5306: 5302: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5297: 5296: 5292:Anglican saints 5247: 5246: 5245: 5240: 5209: 4998: 4972: 4891: 4837:Osana of Howden 4817:Hilda of Whitby 4707:Benedict Biscop 4615: 4591:Tibba of Ryhall 4384: 4308: 4267: 4238:Felix of Dommoc 4220: 4218: 4212: 4208:Sæbbi of London 4181: 4172:Wihtburh of Ely 4157:Tova of Thorney 4137:Seaxburh of Ely 4132:Pega of Peakirk 4127:Huna of Thorney 4040: 3944:British / Welsh 3939: 3934: 3872: 3862: 3846: 3841: 3840: 3827: 3826: 3822: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3799: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3772: 3764: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3739: 3723: 3719: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3702: 3698: 3691: 3683:. p. 142. 3671: 3667: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3638: 3634: 3624: 3622: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3603: 3602: 3598: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3575:on 5 July 2013. 3567: 3566: 3562: 3552: 3550: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3525: 3521: 3517:Oct XIII 335-48 3488: 3484: 3479: 3475: 3462: 3458: 3453: 3449: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3391: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3365: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3340: 3329: 3325: 3316: 3315: 3311: 3304: 3300: 3296:Garcia, op.cit. 3295: 3291: 3285: 3281: 3268: 3264: 3259: 3255: 3238: 3234: 3226: 3222: 3207:Chronica Minora 3192: 3188: 3178: 3176: 3162: 3158: 3151: 3137: 3133: 3127: 3123: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3090: 3086: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3056: 3052: 3040: 3036: 3007: 3003: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2968: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2943: 2939: 2929: 2927: 2917: 2910: 2905: 2901: 2890: 2883: 2878: 2874: 2864: 2862: 2847: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2816: 2811:Wayback Machine 2802: 2795: 2788: 2781: 2771: 2769: 2758: 2737: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2714: 2677: 2604:Peoria, Arizona 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However, 266:Hagiography 240:protomartyr 180:Saint Alban 5257:304 deaths 5251:Categories 5003:West Saxon 4186:East Saxon 3880:Book i.vii 3844:References 3787:"1909 map" 2831:3 November 2772:3 November 2566:, Texas – 2102:Lower Hutt 1882:Henry VIII 1795:Strasbourg 1766:Copenhagen 1383:Copenhagen 1331:, and the 1309:Tattenhall 1265:Teddington 1227:Communions 1204:remembered 1198:Veneration 1184:Theonestus 1061:, Germany 1023:Verulamium 961:Verulamium 957:De Excidio 953:Verulamium 945:Verulamium 938:De Excidio 915:Verulamium 803:window at 624:Diocletian 513:Verulamium 505:Diocletian 501:Verulamium 419:Einsiedeln 411:Gray's Inn 399:recensions 370:Victricius 296:Amphibalus 286:Verulamium 256:Verulamium 252:Amphibalus 159:Attributes 86:Verulamium 5160:Evorhilda 4217:Frisian, 3287:Siegburg. 3018:Novembris 2990:cite book 2215:Kimberley 2159:St Albans 2017:Guatemala 1987:Göttingen 1959:Heilbronn 1918:Oper Köln 1903:Gürzenich 1554:Manitoba 1499:Melbourne 1390:Australia 1385:, Denmark 1329:Hampshire 1307:, one in 1299:, one in 1295:, one in 1275:, one in 1238:St Albans 1202:Alban is 1129:Theophanu 1040:cathedral 970:Londinium 965:River Ver 801:St. Alban 341:, now in 324:River Ver 260:St Albans 233:Christian 169:Patronage 149:20 June ( 143:22 June ( 99:St Albans 4551:Mildgyth 4219:Frankish 4167:Wendreda 3553:27 March 3335:(Leeds). 2861:(3): 383 2807:Archived 2675:See also 2209:Pretoria 2183:Mankayan 2147:Hamilton 2135:Balmoral 2129:Waingaro 2082:Malaysia 2037:Kottayam 1880:by King 1804:, France 1797:, France 1680:Restoule 1617:Ontario 1560:Manitoba 1549:Richmond 1537:Ashcroft 1520:Alberta 1313:Cheshire 1216:Anglican 713:nor the 704:Location 698:Valerian 639:Licinius 305:scourged 258:(modern 18:St Alban 4787:Eanmund 4601:Wærstan 4541:Merefin 4389:Mercian 4313:Kentish 3659:2 March 3243:ed, in 3215:vol.51 3012:, ASS ( 2564:Houston 2428:Chicago 2196:Honiara 2166:Nigeria 2123:Porirua 2117:Appleby 2089:Sarawak 2077:, Kenya 2075:Nairobi 2050:Tochigi 2007:Grenada 2002:, Ghana 1976:Buchloe 1971:Aitrang 1864:Germany 1757:Denmark 1724:Quebec 1686:Capreol 1640:Toronto 1543:Burnaby 1349:Earsdon 1305:Bristol 1291:in the 1269:Croydon 1257:Holborn 1247:in the 1210:with a 1206:in the 1137:Ravenna 1125:Albinus 1096:Albinus 1059:Cologne 1042:of the 991:memoria 822:Albanus 561:Albanus 364:Sources 230:British 226:Albanus 83:unknown 4918:Blaise 4822:Hyglac 4203:Osgyth 3876:Bede, 3858: 3735: 3687: 3650: 3587:"Home" 3503:Passio 3491:Passio 3383:I,7. 3147: 3129:Press. 3026:Mart.H 2978: 2760:Bede. 2647:Places 2292:Queens 2245:Places 2227:Benoni 2153:Places 1905:. 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