Saint Helena - Knowledge

3336:. The RPI was measured at 105.9 in the first quarter of 2020. This was unchanged from the index for the fourth quarter of 2019, and an increase from 104.1 in the first quarter of 2019. This means that retail prices rose, on average, by 1.7% over the year between the first quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2020. As most of the goods available in retail outlets on Saint Helena are imported from either South Africa or the United Kingdom, Saint Helena's prices are heavily influenced by price inflation in those two countries, the value of the Saint Helena pound compared to the South African rand, the cost of freight, and import taxes. In the UK, the annual price inflation rate (using the consumer price index) was 1.7% for February 2020, down from 1.8% in January 2020. In South Africa, the consumer price index was 4.6% for February, up from 4.5% in January 2020. In addition, since early 2019 the value of the South African Rand has steadily weakened, from around 17 Rand per pound to around 20 at the end of March 2020; this has a counter-effect to the South African inflation, and in some cases may even have made South African goods cheaper to buy. This will mitigate against some pressures which might cause prices to rise, such as increasing freight prices on the MV Helena. 4254: 3361: 4152: 1195:'Ordinance For the Abolition of Slavery in the Island of St Helena' was enacted. Rupert's Valley was the embarkation area for slaves; in 2008, when the road to the airport was being built, over 9,000 skeletal remains of slaves were uncovered in a mass burial area. They were reburied en masse in 2022 without ceremony of any kind. Governor Robert Patton (1802–1807) recommended that the company import workers from China to supplement the rural workforce. Many were allowed to stay, and their descendants became integrated into the population. In 1810, Chinese labourers began arriving, and by 1818, there were 650 in St Helena. An 1814 census recorded 3,507 people on the island. Many of the labourers were allowed to stay, though the need for their services had reduced by 1836. 3026: 3642: 1465: 166: 2353: 1542: 900:. The latter had left Lisbon about six months after João da Nova's return, so Albuquerque and his captains should all have known whether João da Nova had indeed found St Helena. An anonymous Flemish traveler on one of da Gama's ships reported that bread and victuals were running short by the time they reached the Cape, so from da Gama's perspective there was a pressing need that he be told that water and meat could be found at Saint Helena. But nothing seems to have been said about the island, and Lopes regarded the island as unknown. This again implies that da Nova found Ascension but not St Helena. 154: 4425: 3426: 4083: 81: 3041: 1215: 11864: 2237: 3349: 3340:(when the first scheduled air service began) and September 2019, an average of 432 passengers arrived per month, with 314 of those passengers arriving by air. Since October 2017, a total of 3,337 people have arrived by air in the first 12-month period, and 4,188 in the second. The increase in the second year followed the introduction of a mid-week flight during the peak period of December 2018 to April 2019. Arrivals by air were higher in the second year, in every month apart from May and June. 4439: 70: 187: 2435: 1860: 3493:

stay for a week, whilst Saints visiting friends and relatives tend to stay for about a month. Around 37% of tourists are British, 21% South African, 13% European other than British, German or French and 9% American or from the Caribbean. Most non-Saint tourists are over 40 years of age, with around 40% being 40 to 59 and around 40% being 60-plus. In 2018 tourism contributed approximately £4–5 million to the economy, and in 2019 this increased to around £5–6 million.

1839:, on the north leeward shore, are in the range 21–28 °C (70–82 °F) in the summer (January to April) and 17–24 °C (63–75 °F) during the remainder of the year. The temperatures in the central areas are, on average, 5–6 °C (9.0–10.8 °F) lower. Jamestown also has a very low annual rainfall, while 750–1,000 mm (30–39 in) falls per year on the higher ground and the south coast, where it is also noticeably cloudier. There are 1024: 11798: 1204: 2248: 1682: 11808: 1311: 3512:, travel to Saint Helena will only be permitted for limited purposes at this time". An item posted on 4 March 2021 on the UK Government website stated that "all arrivals to St Helena are required to have had a negative COVID-19 test within 72 hours before travelling" and with a few exceptions, non-Saints were not allowed to visit. In addition, all arrivals were required to self-quarantine for 14 days after landing in Saint Helena. 1663: 3482:

colonial relics—stark reminders of imperialist ideals". Another 2019 report indicated that smartphones had become common, "with the 'Saint Memes' Facebook page and other social media exporting their sharp sense of humour". But, as the report concludes, the island "remains a place with an anchor in the past, where ... there are single-digit car licence plates and motorists on the hairpin roads unfailingly wave at each other".

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away from relying purely on tourism for growth, announcing a desire to "increase exports, and decrease imports". The SEDP stated that the island's comparative advantages are its natural resources and geography, its status as a British Overseas Territory, its currency, relatively inexpensive labour and property costs, and low crime. Targeted export growth sectors include tourism, fisheries, coffee, satellite ground stations,

947:, who sighted the island on his way to India in late 1511 or early 1512. His pilots entered the island onto their charts, and this event likely led to the island being used as a regular stopover for rest and replenishment for ships en route from India to Europe, from that date until well into the 17th century. An analysis has been published of the Portuguese ships arriving at Saint Helena in the period 1502–1613. 9575: 3583: 850:. This tradition was reviewed by a 2022 paper which concluded that the Portuguese chronicles published at least fifty years after the sighting are the sole primary source for the discovery. Although contradictory in describing other events, these chronicles almost unanimously claim that João da Nova found Saint Helena sometime in 1502, although none of them gives a precise date. 820: 3738:. Major roads into Jamestown include Side Path and Field Road, which have been upgraded and improved in the period 2022-2024. There are three roundabouts on the island. The road constructed for conveying materials from Ruperts Bay to the airport during construction was paved and opened for public traffic in 2019, a major addition to the island's road network. 2969:

Development Committee and Executive Council, the Marriage Ordinance was updated and agreed by Legislative Council in December 2017. Registrar Karen Yon oversaw the first same-sex wedding between the original 2017 applicants, Saint Helenian Lemarc Thomas and Swedish national Michael Wernstedt, in a ceremony at Plantation House on 31 December 2018.

979:, probably located the island on the final leg of his circumnavigation of the world (1577–1580). Further visits by other British explorers followed and, once Saint Helena's location was more widely known, British ships of war began to lie in wait in the area to attack Portuguese India carracks on their way home. 3247:, academia, research and conferences, liquor, wines and beers, ship registry and sailing qualifications, traditional products, honey and honey bees, and its use as a film location. Growth sectors for import substitution include agriculture, timber, bricks, blocks, minerals and rocks, and bottled water. 3447:

The decision to build the airport, in order to significantly boost tourism, was taken in 2011 by the governments of Saint Helena and the UK. Construction was completed by 2016. One reason for the delay was that the British decided to fill in a valley "with some 800 million pounds of dirt and rock" to

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Between January 2010 and March 2016, just before the first 40 people arrived by air in April 2016, the average number of arrivals per month by sea (excluding day visitors arriving on cruise ships) was 307, with an average of 245 arriving on the Royal Mail Ship (RMS) Saint Helena. Between October 2017

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Eighteenth-century governors tried to tackle the island's problems by planting trees, improving fortifications, eliminating corruption, building a hospital, tackling the neglect of crops and livestock, controlling the consumption of alcohol, and introducing legal reforms. The island enjoyed a lengthy

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In 2017, a male St Helenian made an application to the Registrar to marry his male fiancé on St Helena. The laws at the time had referred to marriages between men and women and it was not clear whether same-sex marriages were lawful. After consultation events, endorsement by the Social and Community

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species. The island's interior must have been a dense tropical forest but the coastal areas were probably also quite green. The modern landscape is very different, with widespread bare rock in the lower areas, although inland it is green, mainly due to introduced vegetation. There are no native land

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The importation of slaves to Saint Helena was banned in 1792. In 1818, the governor freed children born of slaves on the island. The phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves took place in 1827, some six years before the British parliament passed legislation to abolish slavery in the colonies.

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Sherwood, D., Henrard, A., Peters, M., Price, B. W., Hall, A. C., White, O. W., Grignet, V. & Wilkins, V. (2024). Two new sympatric species of the pirate spider genus Ero C.L. Koch, 1836 from the cloud forest of Saint Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean (Araneae: Mimetidae). European Journal of

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Jan Huyghen van Linschoten, Itinerario, voyage ofte schipvaert van Jan Huygen Van Linschoten naer Oost ofte Portugaels Indien, inhoudende een corte beschryvinghe der selver landen ende zee-custen... waer by ghevoecht zijn niet alleen die conterfeytsels van de habyten, drachten ende wesen, so van de

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The first flight did not arrive until October 2017, because of "dangerous wind conditions" that made landing large aircraft unsafe. The solution was to use smaller aircraft for the five- or six-hour flight from South Africa. The wind still causes problems: "only a special, stripped-down Embraer 190

3395:. The government of Saint Helena produces its own coinage, banknotes since 1976 and circulating coins since 1984. Whereas circulating coins are struck with "Saint Helena • Ascension", the banknotes only say "Government of St. Helena". There are also commemorative coins struck for Saint Helena only. 2331:

During periods of unemployment, there has been a long pattern of emigration from the island since the post-Napoleonic period. The majority of "Saints" emigrated to the United Kingdom, South Africa and in the early years, Australia. The population had been steadily declining since the late 1980s and

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A 2020 report states that the island's prosperity ended after 1869 when "the Suez Canal shifted trade routes north". A 2019 report explained that "ships no longer needed a stopping point on a longer journey to Europe". The number of ships calling at the island fell from 1,100 in 1855 to only 288 in

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available to the government of the island, which made multiple trips per year between the island and the Cape, carrying passengers both ways and supplies of wine and provisions back to the island. Napoleon praised Saint Helena's coffee during his exile on the island, and the product enjoyed a brief

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Longwood First School, originally a primary school, opened in 1949 in a former mess hall for military officers that had been constructed in 1942; this building had an expansion in 1977, and there are four classrooms in a separate building that was built in 1958. Longwood became a "first school" in

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The Education and Employment Directorate, formerly the Saint Helena Education Department, in 2000 had its head office in The Canister in Jamestown. Education is free and compulsory between the ages of five and 16. At the beginning of the academic year 2009–10, 230 students were enrolled in primary

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The average (median) annual wage on Saint Helena in 2018–19 was an estimated £8,410. The median male wage was higher than the median female wage. The gap between the two grew in 2013–14, but narrowed in 2017–18, as male wages fell on average, and the median female wage level grew. This is probably

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Saint Helena's Sustainable Economic Development Plan, 2018–28, was developed using more than six months of local and international consultation in 2017–2018. The document represented a 10-year plan to kick-start the economy after Saint Helena established air access and fibre connectivity and moved

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Saint Helena's economy is now developing, but is almost entirely sustained by aid from the British government. The public sector dominates the economy, accounting for about 50% of gross domestic product. However, the start of regular air services has led to a rise in tourism, and the Government is

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In 2012, the government of Saint Helena funded the creation of the Saint Helena Human Rights Action Plan 2012–2015. Work is being done under this action plan, including publishing awareness-raising articles in local newspapers, providing support for members of the public with human rights queries,

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Some 22 named rocks and islets are offshore: Castle Rock, Speery Island, the Needle, Lower Black Rock, Upper Black Rock (South), Bird Island (Southwest), Black Rock, Thompson's Valley Island, Peaked Island, Egg Island, Lady's Chair, Lighter Rock (West), Long Ledge (Northwest), Shore Island, George

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The British government sent some settlers and gave them land that they could farm, but the company found it hard to attract enough settlers, despite advertisements in London and free tracts of land. By 1670, the population was only 66, including slaves. Also unrest and rebellion occurred among the

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When Linschoten arrived at the island on 12 May 1589, he reported seeing carvings made by visiting seamen on a fig tree that were dated as early as 1510. The Portuguese probably planted saplings rather than mature trees, and for these to be sufficiently large by 1510 to carry carvings suggests the

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Pilling Primary School is in Jamestown. Occupying a former garrison, the school was established in 1941 and became Pilling Middle School in 1988. Jamestown First School, located next door to Pilling Middle, merged into it in May 2005 as a result of declining enrolment. The merged school initially

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As of April 2020, research indicated that arrivals in Saint Helena were primarily non-Saint tourists (without a connection to the island), followed by returning Saints (who were visiting friends and relatives), followed by returning residents and then business arrivals. Non-Saint tourists tend to

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Between 1791 and 1833, Saint Helena became the site of a series of experiments in conservation, reforestation, and attempts to boost rainfall artificially. This environmental intervention was closely linked to the conceptualisation of the processes of environmental change and helped establish the

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St Paul's Primary School in St Paul's, formerly St Paul's Middle School, has both first and middle levels as it was formed by a 1 August 2000 merger. As of 2020 it has 134 students and serves, in addition to St Paul's, Bluehill, Gordons Post, New Ground, Sandy Bay, and Upper Half Tree Hollow. In

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recommended that tourists visit "Longwood House, where Napoleon was exiled after Waterloo ... Plantation House, the residence of the governor" and to try one of the whale shark snorkelling expeditions. The report spoke highly of Jamestown, with its "pastel-toned houses, sweltering palm trees and

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St Helena Tourism updated its tourism marketing strategy in 2018. This outlined the targeted markets and Saint Helena's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. It also outlined the unique selling points of the island, including nature (whale sharks and wirebirds), Saint culture (safer

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In 2021, the bicentennial anniversary of Napoleon's death was expected to boost tourism if the pandemic did not prevent visits for many months. As of September 2020, the government was preparing a "tourism recovery strategy", to include an international publicity campaign and the development of

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due to the completion of the construction of the airport, since workers employed on the project were predominantly male, and many of them either left Saint Helena or found alternative employment between 2016 and 2018. Nonetheless, both female and male median wage levels fell sharply in 2018–19.

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Attendance at school became mandatory in 1942, for ages 5 to 15 in 1941, and the government took over control of the education system. The first secondary school opened in 1946. The American construction of Wideawake Airfield generated numerous jobs for St Helena; the sale of flax for rope also

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officers and five elected members of the Legislative Council appointed by the Governor. There is no elected Chief Minister, and the Governor acts as the head of government. In January 2013 it was proposed that the Executive Council would be led by a Chief Councillor who would be elected by the

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The island is 122 km (47 sq mi) in area, and is composed largely of rugged terrain of volcanic origin (the last volcanic eruptions occurred about 7 million years ago). Coastal areas are scattered with vegetation on volcanic rock and are warmer and drier than the centre. The

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The British brought an estimated 25,000 slaves from west Africa to the island, in addition to the 3,000,000 they transported to the New World. The importation of slaves was made illegal in 1792, but the horrific conditions of slavery on St Helena were not abolished until 27 May 1839, when the

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Saint Helena's biodiversity, however, also includes marine vertebrates, invertebrates (freshwater, terrestrial and marine), fungi (including lichen-forming species), non-vascular plants, seaweeds and other biological groups. To date, very little is known about these, although more than 200

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used both buildings, but as the enrolment continued its decline, the ex-Jamestown First Building, constructed in 1959, was no longer in use after 2007. In addition to Jamestown it serves Alarm Forest, Briars, Lower Half Tree Hollow, Rupert's, and Sea View. As of 2020 it had 126 students.

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dropped from 5,157 at the 1998 census to 4,257 in 2008. However, as of the 2021 census, the population has risen to 4,439 a drop of 95 people from 2016. In the past emigration was characterised by young unaccompanied persons leaving to work on long-term contracts on Ascension and the

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The 2022 paper also reviews cartographic evidence that Saint Helena and Ascension were known to the Spanish in 1500, before either João da Nova or Estêvão da Gama sailed for India. The suggestion that da Nova discovered Tristan da Cunha and named it Saint Helena is discounted.

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The Saint Helena Government contracts international shipping companies to provide maritime freight services to the island. As of March 2024, MACS Maritime Carrier Shipping GmbH & Co provides regular freight services to the island, usually on a monthly basis. It sails from

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Duarte Lopes and Filippo Pigafetta, Relatione del Reame di Congo et delle circonvicine contrade tratta dalli scritti & ragionamenti di Odoardo Lope Portoghese / per Filipo Pigafetta con disegni vari di geografiadi pianti, d'habiti d'animali, & altro. (Rome: BGrassi,

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jet with the best pilots in the world can stick the landing". The government's long-term goal is to get 30,000 visitors per year. Because of the few flights, and limited capacity of the aircraft, however, only 894 visitors arrived in the year the airport finally opened.

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The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, making Saint Helena one of Britain's earliest colonies outside Europe, North America and the Caribbean. A fort and houses were built: Jamestown had been founded, "in the narrow valley between steep cliffs".

1051:(EIC) a charter to govern Saint Helena. The following year, the company decided to fortify the island and settle it with planters. A theory, which had its origins in the early 20th century, that the early settlers included many who had lost their homes in the 1666 133: 126: 124: 125: 123: 121: 128: 127: 129: 3574:; access to the island improved greatly since its opening in 2017. Sea freight is serviced through Saint Helena's single wharf in Ruperts. The island has a mostly paved road network extending to all inhabited areas of the island, although it is mostly single lane. 3543:

is in operation as well as photovoltaic arrays on 4 public buildings. As a result of the fact that almost all energy must be imported (diesel/oil), electricity is expensive in St Helena, at £0.53/kWh as of 2024. 42% of the utility's costs are due to oil purchases.

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Sure South Atlantic holds a licensed monopoly on telecommunications on the island until 31 December 2025. As of 2023, new telecoms regulations were being drafted; there was a "possibility of issuing a license to a different provider after Sure's term expires".

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The Portuguese found the island uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees, and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. The long tradition that João da Nova built a chapel from one of his wrecked

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company Basil Read was contracted to construct the airport, originally projected to open in 2016. The first aircraft landed at the new airport on 15 September 2015. The airport's opening date was delayed due to uncertainty about the impact of high winds and

1411:. Subsequent administrative cost-cutting triggered a long-term population decline; those who could afford to do so tended to leave the island for better opportunities elsewhere. The latter half of the 19th century saw the advent of steamships not reliant on 9337:

The Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques & Discoveries of the English Nation, from the Prosperous Voyage of M. Thomas Candish esquire into the South Sea, and so around about the circumference of the whole earth, begun in the yere 1586, and finished

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regarded it as an unknown island, yet named Ascension as one of five reference points for the new island's location. On 12 July 1503, nearly three weeks before reaching Saint Helena, Lopes described how Estêvão da Gama's ships met up with a section of the

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One commentator has observed that notwithstanding the high unemployment resulting from the loss of full passports during 1981–2002, the Saint Helena population's loyalty to the British monarchy is probably not exceeded in any other part of the world.

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Thomas Herbert, Some Yeares Travels into Africa et Asia the Great: Especially Describing the Famous Empires of Persia and Industant as Also Divers Other Kingdoms in the Orientall Indies and I'les Adjacent (Jacob Blome & Richard Bishop, 1638),

1488:. The resulting population reached an all-time high of 9,850 in 1901. By 1911, however, that had declined to 3,520 people. In 1906, the British government withdrew the garrison; the island's economy suffered when spending by the soldiers stopped. 3947:

Harford Primary School in Longwood, with Governor James Harford as its namesake, opened as a senior school in 1957 and became Hardford Middle School in September 1988. It merged with Longwood First School in 2008. It also serves Alarm Forest and

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Saint Helena has a small fishing industry, landing mostly tuna. The fishery is committed to one-by-one fishing and uses the motto "one pole, one line, one fish at a time". Some of Saint Helena's exported tuna has been served in restaurants in

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would stop there on the return leg of their voyages to British India and China. At Saint Helena, ships could replenish supplies of water and provisions and, during wartime, form convoys that would sail under the protection of vessels of the

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and the lands around it, the last residence of Napoleon I (who died there in 1821; his remains had been returned to France in 1840.) It is still French property, administered by a French representative and under the authority of the French

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Groups on Saint Helena and Ascension Island. Scouting was established on Saint Helena island in 1912. Lord and Lady Baden-Powell visited the Scouts on Saint Helena on the return from their 1937 tour of Africa. The visit is described in

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The difference between the total population of the Administrative Districts and that recorded in the 2016 Census arises because the census included 183 people on board the RMS St. Helena and 13 people who were on yachts in the harbour.

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service is available to most households, with speeds ranging from 2 to 20 Mbit/s. It is envisioned that a fibre optic network will be installed to homes and businesses by Maestro Technologies, but plans have stalled as of 2024.

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Half Tree Hollow First School, originally a primary school, opened as such in 1949 with its current name and year configuration in place since 1988. In addition to Half Tree Hollow it served Cleugh's Plain, New Ground, and Sapper

3854:(now defunct). Today, South Atlantic Media Services (SAMS), supported by the St Helena Government, broadcasts two FM stations: SAMS Radio 1, providing locally produced news, talk and music programming; SAMS also rebroadcasts the 3443:

took five days each way. That was unattractive to most tourists with regular jobs. The hikers seemed willing to use the extra days of leave to get to and from Saint Helena, and retirees would not be concerned with voyage times.

2834:(represented by the Governor). The Legislative Council consists of 15 members, of whom 12 are directly elected members who each serve a four-year term; a Speaker and Deputy Speaker who are chosen by the elected members; and one 3286:("Tungi" is the local Saint Helenian name for the plant), and coffee liqueur, gin, and rum in its local distillery. Due to the absence of parasites and disease in bees, beekeepers collect some of the purest honey in the world. 5992: 6695:

Sherwood, D., Henrard, A., Logunov, D. V. & Fowler, L. (2023). Saint Helenian wolf spiders, with description of two new genera and three new species (Araneae: Lycosidae). Arachnology 19(5): 816-851. Available online:

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Saint Helena is divided into eight districts, with the majority housing a community centre. The districts also serve as statistical divisions. The island is a single electoral area and elects 12 representatives to the

7215: 1116:, a distilled alcoholic drink made from potatoes. There were two mutinies, perhaps fueled by alcohol. Because Jamestown was "too raucous with its taverns and brothels", St Paul's Cathedral was built outside the town. 2336:, but since "Saints" were re-awarded British citizenship in 2002, emigration to Britain by a wider range of wage-earners has accelerated due to the prospect of higher wages and better progression prospects. By 2018 6241: 1271:

Following Napoleon's death, the soldiers and other temporary residents linked to his presence on the island were withdrawn and the EIC resumed full control of Saint Helena. Between 1815 and 1830, the EIC made the

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on a five-day voyage, then the only scheduled connection to the island. She berthed offshore in James Bay, Saint Helena about 30 times per year, and passengers and freight were transferred ashore by small boats.

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Imported Chinese labourers arrived in 1810, reaching a peak of 618 in 1818, after which numbers were reduced. Only a few older men remained after the British Crown took over the government of the island from the

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mammals, but cattle, cats, dogs, donkeys, goats, mice, rabbits, rats and sheep have been introduced. The dramatic change in landscape must be attributed to these introductions. As a result, the string tree (

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challenges. In 2024, a new target of 80% renewable electricity production by 2027 was announced, by renewing and expanding wind and solar facilities as well as considering the potential of battery storage.

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377896723_Two_new_sympatric_species_of_the_pirate_spider_genus_Ero_CL_Koch_1836_from_the_cloud_forest_of_Saint_Helena_Island_South_Atlantic_Ocean_Araneae_Mimetidae

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Since 2022, advances in the understanding of Saint Helena's spiders have been gained. Some studies published in 2023 and 2024 described new genera and species. Perhaps most notable was the Mole Spider (

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Luiz de Figueiredo Falcão, Livro em que se contém toda a fazenda e real patrimonio dos reinos de Portugal, India, e ilhas adjacentes e outras particularidades (Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional, 1859), 138;

3734:. There is an island-wide speed limit of 30 mph (~50 kmh); lower in some areas. There are many private vehicles on the island despite the steep and narrow roads, hairpin bends and limited parking in 1600:

The Saint Helena Constitution took effect in 1989, and provided that the island would be governed by a governor, a commander-in-chief, and an elected executive and legislative council. In 2002, the

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Island, Rough Rock Island, Flat Rock (East), the Buoys, Sandy Bay Island, the Chimney, White Bird Island and Frightus Rock (Southeast) – all within one kilometre (0.62 mi) of the shore.

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A large reforestation project has been under way since 2000 in the north-eastern corner of the island, known as the Millennium Forest, to recreate the Great Wood that existed before colonisation.

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2002, in addition to St Paul's it served a portion of Half Tree Hollow as well as the communities of Blue Hill, Guinea Grass, Hunt's Bank, New Ground, Sandy Bay, Thompson's Hill, and Vaughn's.

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has been shown to be based on a misreading of the records. They formed no permanent settlement, but the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for ships travelling by the

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Melchior Estacio Do Amaral, Tratado das batalhas e sucessos do Galeão Sanctiago com os Olandeses na Ilha de Sancta Elena: e da náo Chagas com os Vngleses antre as Ilhas dos Açores, 1604, 20;

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João de Barros, Manoel Severim de Faria, and João Baptista Lavanha, Da Asia de João de Barros e de Diogo de Couto, vol. I, book V, chapter X (Lisbon: Regia Officina Typografica, 1778), 477;

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on the island. Leasing backhaul capacity could contribute to operational costs on the submarine cable. OneWeb announced the construction of a satellite ground station on St. Helena in 2023.

9968: 3380:—presumably London partners—that circulated alongside the East India Company's local coinage until the Crown took over the island in 1836. The coin remains readily available to collectors. 2951:

QC and her team arrived on Saint Helena on 17 March 2015 to commence the Inquiry and departed on 1 April 2015. Announcements were made in local newspapers in the week ending 13 March 2015.

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Telecom services in St Helena are comparatively expensive, for example, all TV channels are encrypted and a subscription costs amount to more than one tenth of an average worker's salary.

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and the start of Linschoten's Protestant faith. An alternative discovery date of 3 May is suggested as being historically more credible; it is the Catholic feast day of the finding of the

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The Equiano submarine cable was activated in 2023, substantially improving communications on the island, offering hugely increased bandwidth and unlimited data plans for the first time.

3694:. This aimed to help the island become more self-sufficient, encouraging economic development through tourism while reducing dependence on British government aid. In 2011, South African 3127:, which was engaged in potting of crabs, capsized and later sank off the coast of Saint Helena on its way from Ascension Island, losing four crew members. One crew member was rescued by 11785: 4800:

Jean Philibert Berjeau, trans., Calcoen. A Dutch Narrative of the Second Voyage of Vasco Da Gama to Calicut, Printed at Antwerp circa 1504 (London: Basil Montague Pickering, 1874), 37,

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One news report in August 2020 stated that the costs imposed by the pandemic led to the "collapse of the island's tourism sector, which was meant to drive its economic development".

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environment), walking and hiking, diving, arts and crafts, twin destination with South Africa, photography, running, history and heritage (Napoleon), stargazing, and food and drink.

1457:, on his solo round-the-world voyage, arrived at Jamestown. He departed on 20 April 1898 for the final leg of his circumnavigation, having been extended hospitality by the governor, 11844: 4509:"...the transfer of rule of the island to His Majesty's Government on 22 April 1834 under the Government of India Act 1833, now called the Saint Helena Act 1833" (Schedule Preamble) 2525: 2406: 777:

in 1502. For about four centuries, the island was an important stopover for ships from Europe to Asia and back, while sailing around the African continent, until the opening of the

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made an official visit to Saint Helena in late January 2024, where he was greeted by Jonathan the Tortoise, a 191 years-old Seychelles Giant Tortoise born during the reign of King

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Due to the location of the airport site, at times serious wind shear makes it difficult to land from the north. It is safe to land from the other direction, but it is plagued by

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As of 8 August 2022, the Government website stated that "St Helena lifted its COVID-19 entry regulations. This means no quarantine, no testing and no mask-wearing requirements".

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generated revenue for the island. However, the industry declined after 1951 because of transport costs and competition from synthetic fibres. The decision in 1965 by the British

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Duarte Leite, História da colonização portuguesa do Brasil, Chapter IX, O mais antigo mapa do Brasil, ed. Carlos Malheiro Dias, vol. 2 (Porto: Litografia Nacional, 1922), 251,

3813:+290, which Tristan da Cunha has shared since 2006. Landline telephones are available to all households on the island. Until 2023, a satellite ground station with a 7.6-metre 3758: 3551:

solar and wind power was announced in 2016, but never came to fruition. Electricity production from wind has declined steadily from 2014-2024, due to unreliable equipment and

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anchored and resupplied off the coast of Saint Helena in May 1771 on its return from the European discovery of the east coast of Australia and the rediscovery of New Zealand.

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A Description of the Island of St Helena Containing Observations on its Singular Structure and Formation and an Account of its Climate, Natural History, and Inhabitants

1575:

The Commission on Citizenship was established in 1992, restoring the islanders' rights including the right of abode. In 2002, the right to British citizenship was restored.

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Royle, Stephen A. 'Alexander The Rat – F. W. Alexander, Chief Censor, Deadwood Camp, St Helena'. Wirebird: The Journal of the Friends of St Helena 15 (Spring 1997): 17–21.

3489:, Saint Helena was on track to meet its tourism targets of 12% growth a year, in order to achieve over 29,000 leisure visitors by the 25th anniversary of the air service. 11596: 4927:

The voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies : from the old English translation of 1598 : the first book, containing his description of the East

1572:. The Development and Economic Planning Department (which still operates) was formed in 1988 to contribute to raising the living standards of the people of Saint Helena. 2664: 7760: 6425: 5624: 2258:

Saint Helena was first settled by the English in 1659. As of January 2018, the island had a population of 4,897 inhabitants, mainly descended from people from Britain,

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inhabitants. Ecological problems, such as deforestation, soil erosion, vermin, and drought, led Governor Isaac Pyke to suggest in 1715 that the population be moved to

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is an online resource featuring the history of St. Helena from its discovery to the present day, plus photographs and information about life on St. Helena today.

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Jan Huygen van Linschoten, John Huighen Van Linschoten, His Discours of Voyages into Ye Easte West Indies: Divided into Foure Bookes (London: John Wolfe, 1598).

4074:. Scholarships are offered for students to study abroad. St Helena Community College (SHCC) has some vocational and professional education programmes available. 3333: 2309:

in 1834. The majority were sent back to China, although records in the Cape suggest that they never got any farther than Cape Town. There were also a few Indian

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coast, but also because of attacks on their shipping, the desecration of their chapel and religious icons, killings of their livestock, and destruction of their

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standards and retransmits international content from satellites. A local television channel was in operation from 2015 to 2017 by SAMS, consisting of a weekly

552: 3990:. The island has a public library (the oldest in the Southern Hemisphere, open since 1813) and a mobile library service which operates weekly in rural areas. 3225:

for potential investors. In 2019, Saint Helena achieved its first-ever "Investment Grade" credit rating, a credit rating of BBB− (stable), from global credit

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Historically, the St Helena Turf Club organised the island's first recorded sports events in 1818 with a series of horse races at Deadwood. Saint Helena has

2877:, named after PC Leonard John Coleman who died in the line of duty on 2 December 1982. The Island's only prison—HMP Jamestown—was built in 1827 and in 2018. 6014: 4830: 1604:

granted full British citizenship to the islanders and renamed the dependent territories (including Saint Helena) the British Overseas Territories. In 2009,

10455: 8372: 9658: 5976: 1564:. For the next 20 years, many could find only low-paid work with the island government, and the only available employment outside Saint Helena was on the 12717: 12697: 6883: 6698:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371969094_Saint_Helenian_wolf_spiders_with_description_of_two_new_genera_and_three_new_species_Araneae_Lycosidae

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Guglielmo Berchet, Fonti italiane per la storia della scoperta del Nuovo mondo, vol. 1, part III (Rome: Ministero della pubblica istruzione, 1892), 152

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Legislation to set up an Equality and Human Rights Commission was passed by Legislative Council in July 2015. This commenced operation in October 2015.

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The prospect of an airport on St Helena was debated for a long time. Eventually, in March 2005 the British government announced plans to construct the

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In the peak era, about 1,000 ships per year stopped there, leaving the governor to try to police the numerous visitors and to limit the consumption of

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formally claimed Saint Helena in 1633, although no evidence indicates they ever occupied it. The Dutch lost interest in the island after establishing

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The island's first luxury hotel, the Mantis in Jamestown, opened in 2017 in the converted "former officers barracks built in 1774" according to

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also began to frequent the island. The Portuguese and Spanish soon gave up regularly calling at the island, partly because they used ports along the

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Jamestown First School, originally Jamestown Junior School, opened as such in 1959 with its current name and year configuration in place since 1988.

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birds and vascular plants. The highland areas contain most of the 400 endemic species recognised to date. Much of the island has been identified by

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from Asia to Europe, and frequently sick mariners were left on the island to recover before taking passage on the next ship to call at the island.

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Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the

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increased from 0.714 to 0.756; this placed Saint Helena in the 'high' category of human development, according to the classification used by the

2289:(mainly), and many thousands of slaves were freed on the island. These were all African, and about 500 stayed while the rest were sent on to the 889: 5652: 4226:) are what Buckley describes as "staple". Indeed, most of the local recipes are variations of world dishes brought to the island by travellers. 1472:

By the end of 1899, St Helena was connected to London by undersea cable; this allowed for telegraph communication. In 1900 and 1901, over 6,000

2813: 6802: 4615: 3325:. Compared to other countries around the globe, Saint Helena's HDI ranking rose from 93rd (out of 190 countries ranked) to 83rd in the world. 2954:

A government report was published on 10 December 2015. It found that the accusations were grossly exaggerated, and the lurid headlines in the

11328: 2809: 1480:. A 2019 report stated, "no traces remain of the two POW camps", but added, "the Boer Cemetery is a poignant spot". Among the notables were 12677: 12125: 11982: 11756: 11739: 11617: 9708: 8740: 7332: 2410: 1703:, more than 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) from the nearest major landmass, Saint Helena is remote. The nearest port on the continent is 1609: 717: 57: 31: 6164: 5010:

Knowlson, James R. (1968). "A Note on Bishop Godwin's "Man in the Moone:" The East Indies Trade Route and a 'Language' of Musical Notes".

4858: 11208: 8894: 3360: 3079: 3075: 9647: 9044: 7265: 6832: 4502: 739:

being the closest nations, geographically. The island is located around 1,950 km (1,210 mi) west of the coast of southwestern

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On the basis of these endemics and an exceptional range of habitats, Saint Helena is on the United Kingdom's tentative list for future

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Clements, Bill. 'Second World War Defences on St Helena'. Wirebird: The Journal of the Friends of St Helena 33 (Autumn 2006): 11–15.

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A minibus offers a basic bus service to carry people around Saint Helena, with most services designed to take people into Jamestown.

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is possible. Several hotels, B&Bs, and self-catering apartments operate on the island. The arrival of tourists is linked to the

1711:; connections to Cape Town, South Africa are used for most shipping needs via the regular cargo ship that serves the island, the MS 765:

Saint Helena measures about 16 by 8 km (10 by 5 mi) and has a population of 4,439 per the 2021 census. It was named after

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Under the provisions of the 1833 India Act, control of Saint Helena passed from the EIC to the British Crown, and it became a

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St Helena: A Physical, Historical and Topographical Description of the Island Including Geology, Fauna, Flora and Meteorology

6147:, Quincentenary, a Story of St Helena, 1502–2002; Jackson, E. L. St Helena: The Historic Island, Ward, Lock & Co, London, 1903 5861: 4811:

George E. Nunn, The Mappemonde of Juan de La Cosa: A Critical Investigation of Its Date (Jenkintown: George H. Beans library, 1934

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installed in 1989 was the only international connectivity to the island. Bandwidth was extremely limited and data caps were low.

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lichen-forming fungi have been recorded, including nine endemics, suggesting that many significant discoveries remain to be made.

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In 2021, a wreath was placed by the Saint Helena's Equality & Human Rights Commission (EHRC) on the door of the Pipe Store in

3655:(IATA: HLE) was opened for commercial traffic on 14 October 2017, the island's first and only airport. The South African airline 2629: 8260: 5754: 5378: 1434:

was based on the island, and between 1840 and 1849, over 15,000 freed slaves, known as "Liberated Africans", were landed there.

754:—a cargo and post delivery vessel that also ferried visitors—which routinely made the 3,141 km (1,951 mi), six-day journey from 12702: 11911: 10802: 8935: 6092: 4102: 4094: 3539:

are installed on the Deadwood Plain in Longwood and were originally installed in the 1990s, expanded in 2009 and 2014. A 500kW

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members of the Legislative Council and would nominate the other members of the Executive Council. These proposals were put to

2742: 11960: 11163: 9987: 8980: 8080: 7750: 5681: 5504: 5412: 4950: 4575: 4151: 3998: 3152:, and which builds unique 'mole hills' unlike any other spider. Other species described include the Mount Vesey Wolf Spider ( 3103:

Various flora and fauna on the island have become extinct. Due to deforestation, the last wild endemic St Helena olive tree,

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to use synthetic fibres for its mailbags was a further blow, contributing to the closure of the island's flax mills in 1965.

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Scanty Particulars: The Scandalous Life and Astonishing Secret of James Barry, Queen Victoria's Most Eminent Military Doctor

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member, the Attorney General. Members of the Council use the post-nominal letters "MLC" (Member of the Legislative Council)

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brought to Saint Helena in 1882, is the world's oldest-known living land animal. He celebrated his 190th birthday in 2022.

2262:("planters") and soldiers, and slaves who were brought there from the beginning of settlement, initially from Africa (the 11441: 10223: 10108: 9744: 9505: 6040:

Hearl, Trevor W. 'St Helena's Early Baptists'. Wirebird: The Journal of the Friends of St Helena 12 (Autumn 1995): 40–46.

5839: 5275: 3956: 3034: 2827: 2572: 1875: 1499:. Ascension Island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922, and Tristan da Cunha followed in 1938. During the 1347: 1101:

seized the island, but British reinforcements restored EIC control. The island was fortified with about 230 gun turrets.

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Before the airport opened, the primary tourist groups were dedicated hikers and retirees, as the required voyage on the

236: 12682: 11159: 8678: 8029: 5788: 5730: 4989: 4114: 4106: 3025: 2598: 2593: 2588: 1082:, giving it the sole right to fortify and colonise the island. The fort was renamed James Fort and the town was called 8767: 4700:

Damião de Góis, Chronica do serenissimo senhor rei D. Manoel (Lisbon: Na officina de M. Manescal da Costa, 1749), 85;

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were being stored pending reburial since 2008. The remains belonged to liberated Africans who had been rescued by the

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Aptroot, A. "Lichens of St Helena and Ascension Island". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 158: 147–171, 2008

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Barros, Faria, and Lavanha, Da Asia de João de Barro, I, book V, chapter X:477; Góis, Chronica do serenis-simo, 477

4386: 4140: 3783:. There are three FM radio stations broadcasting in St Helena as of 2023 and two weekly newspapers are published. 3731: 3641: 3430: 2910: 2898: 2886: 2797: 2467: 1643: 1635: 1619: 427: 9434:

Schulenburg, A.H., '"Island of the Blessed": Eden, Arcadia and the Picturesque in the Textualizing of St Helena',

7512: 6337: 5897: 3687:, with a flight time of around 4.5 to 6 hours. Air freight (including mail) is carried by scheduled air services. 936:

plants were shipped to the island and planted there some years earlier, possibly within a few years of discovery.

11901: 11410: 11141: 9979: 9935: 9895: 8420: 5571: 4834: 4318: 3668: 3410:. The bank took over the business of the Saint Helena government savings bank and Ascension Island Savings Bank. 3016: 2981:. The Pipe Store is a building where the remains of some 325 people, men, women, and children disinterred during 2938: 2659: 2549: 929: 766: 153: 8364: 5437:

the island became a temporary refuge for more than 26,000 Africans liberated by the Royal Navy from slave ships.

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and trade winds that blow almost continuously. The climate varies noticeably across the island. Temperatures in

1615:

In 2021, a ministerial system was introduced in Saint Helena after UK's approval of a constitutional amendment.

869:, with one of six islands marked as "ilha achada e chamada Ascenssam"), yet this map fails to show Saint Helena. 12530: 11704: 11232: 10846: 10740: 10557: 10241: 9739: 9655: 9317: 6041: 5977:"Statistics Update: Population, Ascension Population, Production, Benefits and Exchange Rates « St Helena" 5808: 4566: 4370: 4265: 3791: 3708: 3309:, an enterprise that provides an income. Saint Helena also issues domain names under the top-level domain .sh. 2870: 2512: 2454: 2448: 2344:, had a concentration of people originating from Saint Helena, and therefore it got the nickname "Swindolena". 1332: 1129: 877: 847: 400: 370: 9554: 9429:

South Atlantic Chronicle: The Journal of the St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Philatelic Society

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Bruce, Ian. 'The Discovery of St Helena'. Wirebird: The Journal of the Friends of St Helena 51 (2022): 26–43.

1361: 11853: 11514: 11278: 11029: 10470:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003. 10367: 10299: 9952: 9799: 9578: 8921:"Fishcakes, and other food | Saint Helena Island Info: All about St Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean" 6219: 6193: 5082: 4722:

Manuel de Faria e Sousa, Asia Portuguesa, vol. 1 (En La Officina de Henrique Valente de Oliueira, 1666), 50;

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The Journals of Captain James Cook on His Voyages of Discovery, vol. I:The Voyage of the Endeavour 1768–1771

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on Ascension in 1942, but no military use was made of Saint Helena except maintenance of its defences.

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Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600–1860

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A 2019 report states that "by the 1970s, a majority of Saints were working abroad and sending money home".

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to be the oldest living land animal. He toured the island, met residents, ceremonially opened the island's

1553: 537: 474: 85: 9604: 8286: 8210:"Saint Helena Island Info: All about St. Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean • Amateur ("Ham") Radio" 7142: 4801: 3459:

flights, operating twice a week, increased the island's potential to attract a broader range of tourists.

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In 2019, the estimated average annual salary was only about 8,000 Saint Helena pounds (about US$ 10,000).

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encouraging investment on the island, as shown by their Investment Policy and Strategy and the investment

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churches, but the Roman Catholic one is in August, and the day and the month were first quoted in 1596 by

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Given that da Nova returned either on 11 September or on 13 September 1502 it is usually assumed that the

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navigator in the service of Portugal, during his return voyage to Lisbon, who named it Santa Helena after

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When the island was discovered, it was covered with unique indigenous vegetation, including a remarkable

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The island is on the same ridge as two other islands in the southern Atlantic, also British territories:

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This article is about the tropical island in the South Atlantic. For the British Overseas Territory, see

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is the only reigning monarch to have visited the island. This was in 1947 when the King, accompanied by

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According to long-established tradition, the island was sighted on 21 May 1502 by the four ships of the

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Countries and territories where English is the national language or the native language of the majority

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Marino Sanuto, I Diarii di Marino Sanuto, ed. Nicolò Barozzi, vol. 4 (Venice: F. Visentini, 1880), 486

4549: 4477: 4340: 4122: 3540: 3089: 2621: 2352: 1923: 913: 721: 9630: 9227:

Island of St Helena, Listing and Preservation of Buildings of Architectural and Historic Interest

8394: 7398: 7356: 6570: 11760:; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena. 11403: 11359: 11081: 10792: 10467: 10437: 10195: 6621: 6508:"Attacking the Slave Trade on Saint Helena Island Info: About St Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean" 5428: 4553: 4359: 3993:

The English national curriculum is adapted for local use. A range of qualifications are offered—from

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Countries and territories where English is an official language, but not the majority first language

8793: 4637: 4271: 1461:. He presented two lectures on his voyage and was invited to Longwood by the French consular agent. 69: 12546: 12137: 11584: 11292: 11239: 11147: 11105: 11069: 11023: 10638: 10287: 10229: 9900: 9837: 9832: 9734: 6810: 4855:

Ian Bruce, 'St Helena Day', Wirebird The Journal of the Friends of St Helena, no. 44 (2015): 32–46.

4611: 3859: 3787: 2793: 2783: 2490: 2484: 2473: 2425: 1241: 1098: 385: 344: 9061:"Flagrant harbour: the sordid affair that cemented Hong Kong's reputation for vice and corruption" 7469: 4925: 1541: 12727: 12422: 11801: 11633: 11508: 11476: 11457: 11123: 11075: 11017: 10726: 10670: 10046: 9804: 9784: 9774: 9759: 9718: 7000: 6952: 6396:"Government inquiry concludes Daily Mail was misled over child abuse and corruption on St Helena" 5091: 4943:

The Portuguese in India and other studies, 1500–1700 (Ch. XVII – The Portuguese and Saint Helena)

4467: 4293: 3735: 3403: 3318: 3193: 2978: 2858: 2689: 2325: 2251: 2240: 2109: 2047: 2016: 1954: 1848: 1836: 1726:, which is outside the tropics 2,430 kilometres (1,510 mi) to the south. The island, in the 1321: 1083: 809: 357: 230: 9427:

Schulenburg, A. H., 'St Helena Historiography, Philately, and the "Castella" Controversy',

8744: 8445: 7783:"Driving in St Helena ⋅ Saint Helena Island Info ⋅ About St Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean" 12036: 11896: 11272: 11253: 11129: 11093: 10865: 10853: 10752: 10632: 10620: 10508: 10463: 10451: 10082: 9789: 9677: 9156:

A History of the Island of St Helena from its Discovery by the Portuguese to the Year 1806

6157: 4856: 4242: 3524: 3059: 2712: 2399: 2078: 1844: 1806: 1746:. For sharing several trading patterns, and climate effect traits, the island is grouped under 1647: 1245: 1159: 770: 747:, Brazil. Until 2018, the primary method of reaching Saint Helena was by booking a spot on the 144: 8898: 6242:"St Helena child abuse: Foreign Office 'was warned British island couldn't cope 12 years ago'" 5319:"Scraping away generations of forgetting: my fight to honour the Africans buried on St Helena" 4911: 4887: 4765: 4754: 4712: 4690: 4679: 3966:

It formerly had separate first schools catering to younger students (ages 3 to 7 as of 2002):

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produced original etchings of Saint Helena, picturing various species of these endemic birds.

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A 2015 paper notes that 21 May is the feast day of St Helena in the Eastern Orthodox and most

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had come from information from two social workers, whom the report described as incompetent.

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similar to other Commonwealth law enforcement agencies. Saint Helena has one police station,

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Saint Helena is one of the most remote islands in the world. It has one commercial airport,

3258:, whale watching, bird watching, marine tours, and hiking. There is also a golf course, and 12687: 12204: 11722: 11540: 11453: 11387: 11365: 11266: 11226: 11135: 11099: 11037: 10962: 10650: 10385: 10379: 10373: 9867: 9809: 9749: 9606:

The geognosy of the island St. Helena, illustrated in a series of views, plans and sections

9593: 9215: 9038: 8874: 8830: 8686: 6507: 5933:. Jamestown, St Helena: St Helena Statistics Office. 6 June 2016. p. 9. Archived from 4406: 4118: 3691: 3652: 3645: 3619: 3586: 3571: 3399: 3282: 3276:

Saint Helena produces the most expensive coffee in the world. It also produces and exports

3267: 3263: 3222: 3149: 3128: 3030: 2994: 2990: 2982: 2869:, in addition to employing non-warranted staff personnel. The RSHPS also uses a variety of 2727: 2684: 2395: 2368: 2282: 1788: 1696: 1651: 1623: 1583: 1522:

shipping line gradually reduced its service calls to the island. Curnow Shipping, based in

1504: 1485: 1431: 1252: 1139: 1052: 748: 728: 74: 9190:

A St Helena's Who's Who or a Directory of the Island During the Captivity of Napoleon

7897: 7143:"Saint Helena: Why You Need To Visit This Tiny Island In The Atlantic Ocean, 1 March 2021" 5703: 3779:), internet and television services. International connectivity is provided by the Google 3163:

and three which were named after local Saint Helenian scientists: the Liza Pirate Spider (

1368: 916:, who was probably mistaken, because the island was discovered several decades before the 8: 12603: 12175: 12131: 12008: 11973: 11201: 11004: 10911: 10859: 10746: 10734: 10714: 10702: 10614: 10405: 10317: 9925: 9920: 9857: 9641: 4831:"May 21: Feast of the Holy Great Sovereigns Constantine and Helen, Equal to the Apostles" 4398: 4382: 4322: 3960: 3839:

Television services first arrived in 1995. The current digital broadcasting network uses

3251: 3211: 3120: 3110: 3082: 3063: 2267: 1810: 1512: 1223: 1151: 1124:

visited the island in 1775 on the final leg of his second circumnavigation of the world.

858: 774: 529: 353: 9382:, Printed and Published at the "Guardian" Office by Benjamin Grant, St Helena, 1885 7487: 3425: 1798:) are now extinct, and many of the other endemic plants are threatened with extinction. 11447: 11429: 11369: 11260: 10986: 10948: 10924: 10905: 10796: 10343: 10269: 10235: 10134: 10114: 10040: 9940: 9930: 9617: 9270:, published and printed by the Education Department of the Government of St Helena 8962:"Speak Saint on Saint Helena Island Info: About St Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean" 7419: 6019: 5865: 5095: 5037: 5029: 4661: 4334: 4312: 4287: 4281: 4257: 4098: 4082: 4071: 3987: 3851: 3684: 3672: 3384: 3229: 2890: 2831: 2697: 2306: 2263: 1727: 1700: 1548:, wearing full dress tropical uniform, is sworn in as Governor of Saint Helena in 1984. 1233: 1229: 1063: 1048: 1029: 1018: 881: 843: 797: 572: 508: 9192:, published by the author in 1914. This has recently been republished under the title 6723:"New spider species discovered on Saint Helena: the jewel of the South Atlantic ocean" 1437:

In 1858, French emperor Napoleon III purchased, in the name of the French government,

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Serendipity in St Helena, a Genetical and Medical Study of an isolated Community

9411: 9390: 9362: 9326: 9313: 9299: 9285: 9250: 9236: 9197: 9179: 9166: 9145: 9033: 9013: 8986: 8941: 8264: 8188: 8052: 7037: 6670: 5500: 5408: 5326: 5299: 5041: 4946: 4571: 4462: 4175: 3936: 3855: 3695: 3509: 3486: 3105: 2894: 2866: 1813:, known locally as the wirebird, on account of its wire-like legs. It appears on the 1794: 1722:, about 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) due north-west in more equatorial waters, and 1519: 1495:

was successfully re-established in 1907 and generated considerable income during the

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A View of the Town and Island of Saint Helena in the Atlantic Ocean belonging to the

1006: 1002: 944: 897: 827: 759: 110: 9402:

A Handbook of St Helena Including a short History of the island Under the Crown

9112:"Jonathan, the world's oldest tortoise, marks his 190th with fanfare and salad cake" 8030:

https://web.archive.org/web/20100630165546/http://www.cwi.sh/downloads/PubInfoTV.pdf

5553: 5532: 3109:

died in 1994, and by December 2003, the last cultivated olive tree died. The native

12557: 12525: 12415: 12230: 12060: 11764: 11697: 11689: 11681: 11609: 11520: 11488: 11375: 11175: 11087: 10872: 10398: 10391: 10293: 10178: 10123: 9882: 9819: 9779: 7568: 5554:"The St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Constitution (Amendment) Order 2021" 5021: 5012: 4452: 4234: 4197: 3676: 3664: 3602: 3548: 3532: 3392: 3302: 3298: 2854: 2846: 2702: 2372: 2333: 1985: 1832: 1767: 1723: 1719: 1671: 1667: 1569: 1565: 1500: 1492: 1251:(15 July 1815). He was taken to the island in October 1815. Napoleon stayed at the 1147: 862: 769:. It is one of the most remote major islands in the world and was uninhabited when 693: 687: 601: 312: 271: 10009: 9165:, Thirty years of St Helena, Ascension and Tristan Philately, pp 7–10, 2006, 8091: 5678: 5599:"Prince Edward sets sail for St Helena and reunites with a very old family friend" 3982:

The Education and Employment Directorate also offers programmes for students with

1162:

district. The 680-metre-high (2,230 ft) hill there is called Halley's Mount.

12567: 11717: 11494: 11423: 11214: 11153: 10992: 10676: 10578: 10281: 9662: 9613: 9587: 9558: 8882: 8850: 8837: 7808:"Roads ⋅ Saint Helena Island Info ⋅ About St Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean" 7665: 7659: 7629: 7519: 7444: 7270: 7175: 6591: 6070: 5996: 5792: 5685: 5657: 5653:"Duke of Edinburgh to meet Jonathan the tortoise on remote South Atlantic island" 5494: 5291: 5279: 5222: 4862: 4596: 4506: 4346: 4192: 3902: 3707:

became the preferred bidder to provide weekly air service between the island and

3616: 3402:

was established on Saint Helena and Ascension Island in 2004. It has branches in

3071: 2649: 2236: 1840: 1759: 1527: 1496: 1458: 1044: 442: 179: 9441:

Schulenburg, A.H., 'St Helena: British Local History in the Context of Empire',

6544: 5351: 4874:

Portugesen aldaer residerende als van de ingeboornen Indianen. (C. Claesz, 1596)

4711:

Barros, Faria, and Lavanha, Da Asia de João de Barro, I, book V, chapter X:118;

4201: 3040: 1685:

Saint Helena seen from space (photo is oriented with north-west towards the top)

1228:

In 1815, the British government selected Saint Helena as the place of exile for

1132:

in 1791–1792; the latter has since been the official residence of the governor.

839: 823: 12497: 12223: 12194: 12111: 12048: 11906: 11602: 11590: 11435: 11051: 10980: 10969: 10758: 10720: 10626: 10590: 10584: 10550: 10088: 10011: 9915: 9872: 9623: 9599:

Main sites, habitations and occupants of the island during Napoleon's captivity

9528: 8961: 7121:"Saint Helena: Containing COVID-19 at the price of development, 30 August 2020" 6310: 6278: 6246: 4274:(died 1545), Portuguese soldier, first-known permanent inhabitant of the island 3906: 3814: 3764: 3552: 3388: 3348: 3322: 2942: 2906: 2882: 2800:. Defence and foreign affairs remain the responsibility of the United Kingdom. 2496: 2383: 2379: 1751: 1704: 1675: 1646:." While there, he visited Jonathan, a 191-year old tortoise, confirmed by the 1622:

visited the island. "Prince Edward is the first royal trip to the island since

1557: 1438: 1416: 1260: 1256: 1214: 998: 983: 940: 782: 744: 504: 391: 192: 171: 9518: 8937:

St. Helena Business Law Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws

8920: 8235: 6944: 5831: 5272: 4924:

Linschoten, Jan Huygen van; Burnell, Arthur Coke; Tiele, Pieter Anton (1885).

2402:(of which one in 35 residents is a member, the highest ratio of any country). 1481: 884: 853:

However, there are several reasons to doubt that da Nova made this discovery:

12661: 12643: 12630: 12143: 12089: 11993: 11643: 11463: 10644: 10528: 9666: 8209: 7782: 5451: 5330: 5303: 4430: 3983: 3881:

The island has two local newspapers, both of which are available online. The

3866: 3844: 3437: 3365: 3244: 3226: 3093: 2905:, who visited as a member of the armed forces in 1984, and his daughter, the 2824: 2803:

The Executive Council is presided over by the Governor and consists of three

1782: 1763: 1735: 1454: 1185: 1170: 1135: 1091: 1079: 972: 567: 292: 279: 251: 238: 8033: 7590: 7171:"Why you should visit St Helena, home to the 'world's most useless airport'" 5781: 5724: 3901:

In February 2018, the government of St Helena launched a project to attract

3332:

The overall retail price index is measured quarterly on Saint Helena by the

12503: 12348: 12338: 12118: 11381: 10942: 10936: 10917: 10682: 10417: 10263: 10257: 9947: 9764: 9091:"World's oldest tortoise: Jonathan to get three-day party – CBBC Newsround" 9090: 8771: 6858: 6545:"2012: St Helena dig | News and features | University of Bristol" 4650:"The Idea of History in the Portuguese Chroniclers of the Age of Discovery" 4299: 4290:(1769–1821 St Helena), French Emperor, exiled 1815–1821, died on the island 4277: 3680: 3536: 3477: 3373: 3277: 3259: 3207: 2862: 2717: 2298: 1771: 1631: 1408: 1087: 880:

sighted and landed at Saint Helena the following year on 30 July 1503, its

740: 207: 8712: 8656: 8630: 8604: 8578: 8505: 8146: 7542: 6306:"St Helena child abuse: how did sex abusers get away with it for so long?" 6015:"St Helena expats from 'Swindolena' to gather for sports day this weekend" 5379:"Napoleon on St Helena: how exile became the French emperor's last battle" 5117: 1831:

The climate of Saint Helena is tropical, marine and mild, tempered by the

525: 12445: 12395: 12353: 12217: 12181: 12100: 12013: 11916: 11822: 11790: 11286: 11187: 10998: 10602: 10502: 10217: 10211: 9268:

South Atlantic Haven, a Maritime History for the Island of St Helena

7720: 7690: 6426:"St Helena child abuse claims dismissed as 'gross distortion of reality'" 4561: 4557: 4303: 4170: 3255: 3240: 3145: 2850: 2820: 2789: 2460: 2434: 2290: 1859: 1747: 1412: 1273: 1143: 987: 943:, holds that the island was found by Portuguese nobleman and warrior Dom 917: 866: 376: 8090:. The St Helena Broadcasting (Guarantee) Corporation Ltd. Archived from 6942: 6274:"St Helena child abuse: 'a lot of dark things do happen on this island'" 4788:, Estudos Em HOmenagem a Louis Antonio de Oliveira Ramos, 2004, 623–31, 4665: 4649: 3472:. Most other types of accommodations were also available on the island. 3266:(and in the past, the arrival and departure schedule of the now-retired 1608:

gave all three equal status; the British Overseas Territory was renamed

12343: 12288: 12082: 11063: 11044: 10787: 10566: 10185: 10102: 6341: 5625:"Love exploring less-travelled places? St Helena is an island paradise" 4136:

and Saint Helena island, held every two years in December and January.

3870: 3718:, which increases landing ground speed and can limit aircraft loading. 3700: 2986: 2956: 2948: 2914: 2275: 1424: 1415:, as well as the diversion of Far East trade away from the traditional 1335: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1237: 1203: 1181: 1175: 1121: 991: 961: 921: 909: 778: 349: 5099: 5033: 4820:

Edzer Roukema, 'Brazil in the Cantino Map', Imago Mundi 17 (1963): 15.

3608:

Commercial shipping to Saint Helena's is handled at the island's sole

3508:

As of 30 October 2020, the Government website stated that "due to the

2937:

In 2014, there were reports of child abuse in Saint Helena. Britain's

2247: 1681: 1023: 12467: 12450: 12429: 12318: 12212: 11709: 10562: 10311: 10095: 4500:

The St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Constitution Order 2009

4410: 4402: 4143:

every year, with people coming from all over the world to take part.

4133: 3626: 3612:

at Ruperts Bay, originally built to assist the airport construction.

3598: 3531:. As of 2023, 80% of electricity generated in St Helena comes from 6 3291: 3160: 2341: 2294: 1731: 1627: 1606:

The St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Constitution Order 2009

1594: 1526:, replaced the Union-Castle Line mailship service in 1977, using the 1523: 1106: 976: 925: 755: 520: 9277:, London, Printed For R Phillips, 6 Bridge Street, Blackfriars, 1805 8814:'Derby Days' at Deadwood: Highlights of Horse-racing at St Helena – 4337:(1874–1927), deposed Sultan of Zanzibar, exiled in St Helena in 1917 4161:

Scouting and Guiding on Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

4155:

The 1st Jamestown Scout Group at a Saint Helena's Day parade in 1984

3455:

Passenger service on the Royal Mail ship was then discontinued. The

2926:

and extending several UN Conventions on human rights to St. Helena.

2375:. The 150th anniversary of the diocese was celebrated in June 2009. 2281:

In 1840, Saint Helena became a provisioning station for the British

1762:

at 818 m (2,684 ft). In 1996 it became the island's first

1310: 12520: 12440: 12378: 12363: 12283: 12278: 12273: 12169: 12054: 12018: 12002: 11637: 11552: 10831: 10783: 10532: 10459: 10445: 10441: 10411: 10199: 9551: 7197: 5629: 5025: 4328: 4241:

is called Saint-speak, Saint, or Saint English, which is a form of

4238: 4166: 4087: 3768: 3746: 2364: 1739: 1662: 1276: 1071: 793: 559: 512: 9546: 9037: 7094:"Want to Go Really Remote? Visit St. Helena Island, 14 March 2019" 6189: 5533:"Enhanced status and Bill of Rights in Tristan's new constitution" 3200:

Note: Some of the data in this section have been sourced from the

2865:

of the RSHPS are known as 'constables', and the service also uses

2845:(RSHPS). The RSHPS is also the primary law enforcement agency for 12584: 12573: 12328: 12323: 12308: 12303: 12076: 12066: 12029: 11546: 10879: 10839: 10432: 10189: 10148: 9563: 9541: 8711:. St Helena Education Department. 6 February 2002. Archived from 8446:"Number of schools, enrolment and teachers:by category of school" 8397:. St Helena Education Department. 26 January 2002. Archived from 8320: 7955:"St. Helena's New Undersea Cable Will Deliver 18 Gbps Per Person" 7378:"Foreign travel advice St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" 6215: 4786:

Harold Livermore, 'Santa Helena, A Forgotten Portuguese Discovery

4205: 3939:

for students of age four to 11: Harford, Pilling, and St Paul's.

3704: 3656: 3456: 3254:

as well as nature activities such as scuba diving, swimming with

3067: 3062:

as being important for bird conservation, especially the endemic

3055: 2407:

Mission sui iuris of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

2387: 2337: 2259: 1626:, the Princess Royal visited in 2002. Other royal guests include 1590: 1420: 1075: 1067: 957: 861:, completed by the following November, includes his discovery of 786: 736: 319: 9707: 9640: 9552:

The Official Website of the Saint Helena Napoleonic Heritage Ltd

8603:. Half Tree Hollow First School. 6 February 2002. Archived from 3582: 3144:

Sherwood, Henrard, Logunov & Fowler, 2024), the first known

1198: 58:

Constituent part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

12579: 12373: 12368: 12333: 12313: 12188: 12071: 12042: 12023: 11556: 10931: 10696: 10474: 10076: 8290: 7604: 6778:"St Helena's Sustainable Economic Development Plan 2018 – 2028" 3919:

Public holidays in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

3840: 3210:

economy until 1966, based on the cultivation and processing of

2812:, when they were defeated by 158 votes to 42 on a 10% turnout. 2320:. On 21 May 2002, full British citizenship was restored by the 2310: 2286: 2270:

and west coast of Africa are mentioned in early records), then

1708: 1113: 968: 819: 732: 727:

Saint Helena is a volcanic and tropical island, located in the

9352:

St Helena Britannica: Studies in South Atlantic Island History

9234:

St Helena including Ascension Island and Tristan Da Cunha

8334: 7059:"Visit the remote island where Napoleon spent his final years" 5141:"Myths of Settlement – St Helena and the Great Fire of London" 3759:

Communications in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

637: 12562: 12552: 12535: 12480: 12435: 12358: 12298: 12293: 11057: 10779: 10251: 7244:"St Helena Accommodation, Great Places To Stay On The Island" 4214: 4209: 3986:, vocational training, adult education, evening classes, and 3827: 3609: 3119:

The island's shoreline is deep and is known to have abundant

2796:. The Governor is appointed by the King on the advice of the 2271: 1743: 1430:

In 1840, a British naval station established to suppress the

1286: 1263:

was completed in December 1815. He died there on 5 May 1821.

9639:

Antrobus, Reginald Laurence; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911).

4612:"Constitution of St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" 4331:(c. 1868–1913), Zulu king exiled in St Helena from 1890–1897 3679:. Scheduled flights to and from Johannesburg operated by an 3054:

Saint Helena has long been known for its high proportion of

1589:

to serve the island; the vessel was specially built for the

731:, some 1,874 km (1,165 miles) west of mainland Africa, with 12540: 12514: 12508: 10608: 8734: 8732: 8730: 8504:. St. Paul's Middle School. 14 January 2002. Archived from 8398: 6216:"The Equality & Human Rights Commission • Introduction" 6190:"The Equality & Human Rights Commission • Introduction" 6120:"Service of Remembrance – Police Constable Leonard Coleman" 5252:"A Visit to St Helena, One of the World's Remotest Islands" 4930:. London: Hakluyt Society – via The Internet Archive. 4343:(born 1965), director of the French domains of Saint Helena 4302:(1817 St Helena – 1892), liberal politician of the British 4200:, the food is "retty retro, at least by London standards." 3994: 3742: 3633:

Saint Helena receives around 600 yachting visitors a year.

2945:

about child abuse in Saint Helena to cover up allegations.

2409:, whose office of ecclesiastical superior is vested in the 1473: 702: 670: 643: 610: 9354:(ed. A.H. Schulenburg), Friends of St Helena, London, 2013 7849: 7751:"Remote Atlantic runway opens up Napoleon's hidden island" 6562: 5458:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 309–379 3413:

For more information on currency in the wider region, see

3250:

The tourist industry is heavily based on the promotion of

1654:, and gave an address in the island's capital, Jamestown. 9673:

Borders of the Saint Helena Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

9616:. London: Achermann and Co. – digital facsimile from the 9163:

Thomas Buce: St Helena Postmaster and Stamp Designer

8655:. Longwood First School. 14 December 2001. Archived from 8629:. Jamestown First School. 5 February 2002. Archived from 7931:. Cable & Wireless South Atlantic Ltd. Archived from 7755: 7661:

England's St Helena exiles welcome island airport project

6617: 5432: 3935:

school and 286 in secondary school. The island has three

3930:

Education in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

3823:

Mobile phone service (2G/4G) commenced in September 2015.

3763:

Telecommunications services in St Helena are provided by

3485:

Before the lockdowns and restriction necessitated by the

3202:

Government of St Helena Sustainable Development Plan

3148:

from outside of a cave environment known to have reduced

1266: 655: 628: 587: 27:

British overseas territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean

9594:

BBC News: Life on one of the world's most remote islands

8727: 8577:. Pilling Middle School. 6 February 2002. Archived from 8167: 6749:"New pirate spiders discovered on South Atlantic island" 5990:

St Helena celebrates the restoration of full citizenship

4458:

Wildlife of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

4204:

in a St Helena style, with egg binding and chili, and a

3415:

British currency in the South Atlantic and the Antarctic

3378:

Payable at St Helena by Solomon, Dickson and Taylor

3007:

Wildlife of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

2378:

Other Christian denominations on the island include the

1774:, part of the lost Great Wood and is now managed by the 939:

A third discovery story, told by 16th-century historian

12673:

Islands of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

11938:

List of countries where English is an official language

9634:. Vol. XXI (9th ed.). 1886. pp. 170–171. 9568: 9477:

His Discours of Voyages into ye Easte & West Indies

8547: 8545: 7164: 7162: 7160: 5187:"A Journey to St. Helena, Home of Napoleon's Last Days" 4833:. Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. Archived from 3776: 3772: 1750:/Africa in most projects, committees and papers of the 9158:, Printed for Black, Parry and Kingsbury, London, 1808 8471: 8469: 8467: 8465: 6093:"Consultative Poll on Governance Reform – The Results" 5181: 4923: 3383:

Saint Helena has had its own currency since 1976, the

3280:, made from the fruit of the prickly or cactus pears, 3159:), which has a range currently restricted to a single 2972: 2901:

arrived at Saint Helena in 1957, followed by his son,

2278:. The importation of slaves was made illegal in 1792. 1240:(on 22 June 1815) and his final surrender, to Captain 1165:

Throughout that period, Saint Helena was an important

11662: 10795:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the 8496: 8494: 8116: 7691:"Remote UK island colony of St Helena to get airport" 6833:"St Helena achieves 'Investment Grade' Credit Rating" 6456:"Same-sex Marriage Application – Preliminary Hearing" 5749: 5747: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5161: 3786:

All of St Helena's international connectivity was by

3376:) issued 70,560 copper tokens worth a halfpenny each 705: 699: 696: 673: 667: 658: 652: 649: 640: 613: 607: 604: 9569:

Radio Saint FM (live broadcasting from Saint Helena)

8542: 7157: 6208: 5407:. New York: Viking. pp. 778, 781–82, 784, 801. 4420: 2889:(later The Queen Mother), Princess Elizabeth (later 708: 676: 661: 634: 616: 12713:

Former British colonies and protectorates in Africa

9464:

Quincentenary, a Story of St Helena, 1502–2002

8738: 8462: 8443: 6182: 2816:, however, saw the population approve the changes. 1597:route and featured a mixed cargo/passenger layout. 631: 622: 11863: 9263:, Chapter 4, Smith, Elder & Co., London, 1844. 8491: 8202: 7947: 5744: 5469:The Hard Way Around: The Passages of Joshua Slocum 5237: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5158: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4321:(1851 St Helena – 1896), trade unionist in GB and 2932: 9296:Schooling in the South Atlantic Islands 1661–1992 9284:, Mallet & Bell Publications, Norfolk, 1994, 9048:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). pp. 190–211. 7528:, 18 September 2015. Accessed: 26 September 2015. 6943:International Pole & Line Foundation (2018). 6884:"How St Helena Coffee came to be sold in Harrods" 6483:"This tiny island has held its first gay wedding" 5821:St Helena Independent, 3 October 2008 page 2 4997:Wirebird: The Journal of the Friends of St Helena 4975:Wirebird: The Journal of the Friends of St Helena 4356:St Helena), cruise ship captain from Saint Helena 3429:A tourist map of Jamestown located at the top of 2788:Executive authority in Saint Helena is vested in 2405:The Roman Catholics are pastorally served by the 1012: 12659: 11933:List of countries by English-speaking population 9194:Napoleon's Captivity on St Helena 1815–1821 9177:Churches of the South Atlantic Islands 1502–1991 8765: 8365:"St Helena South Atlantic Earth Station Project" 8335:"St Helena South Atlantic Earth Station Project" 7898:"Life on one of the world's most remote islands" 7315:"Economic Development Committee Meeting Summary" 6012: 5960:"St Helena 2021 Population & Housing Census" 5854: 5273:Gazetteer – p. 7. Monuments in France – page 338 3505:further tourism infrastructure for the island". 9542:The Official Government Website of Saint Helena 9261:Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands 8289:. South Atlantic Media Services. Archived from 7925:"Digital Terrestrial Television Project Update" 6052:2023 Service Year Report of Jehovah's Witnesses 5200: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 4512: 3523:Connect Saint Helena Ltd. operates electricity 7513:Tiny, Remote St. Helena Gets Its First Airport 7168: 5969: 5927:St Helena 2016 Population & Housing Census 5622: 5057:, privately published by Robin Castell in 2005 4495: 4493: 3862:is the island's only independent broadcaster. 1476:prisoners were held on the island, during the 1120:period of prosperity from about 1770. Captain 11838: 11322: 9995: 9693: 9651:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). pp. 7–9. 8072: 7333:"Tourism Recovery Strategy, 20 November 2020" 5920: 5918: 5885: 5883: 5755:"St. Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha" 4570:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 2763: 2285:, preventing the transportation of slaves to 1199:British rule (1815–1821) and Napoleon's exile 950: 830:, was the first person to sight Saint Helena. 12126:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 11983:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 11757:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 11740:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 11618:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 9709:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 9638: 9408:Flowering plants and ferns of St Helena 9310:St Helena — the Chinese Connection 8978: 6914:"Connoisseur's guide to St Helena's spirits" 5060: 4146: 4129:after which it was ranked tenth out of ten. 3896: 2411:Apostolic Prefecture of the Falkland Islands 2390:(since 1845) and, in more recent times, the 1610:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 792:Saint Helena is known for being the site of 743:, and 4,000 km (2,500 mi) east of 718:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 32:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 9520:St Helena – a remote island in the Atlantic 7033:About Us: History of the Bank of St. Helena 5298:. Cambridge University Press. p. 468. 5138: 4987: 4490: 4296:(1816 St Helena – 1875), colonial official. 4132:The Governor's Cup is a yacht race between 3752: 1854: 1300: 716:) is one of the three constituent parts of 12718:English-speaking countries and territories 12698:States and territories established in 1659 11852: 11845: 11831: 11329: 11315: 10002: 9988: 9700: 9686: 9547:The Official Website for St Helena Tourism 9500:, Pisces Publications, Newbury, UK, 2012, 9410:, Pisces Publications, Newbury, UK, 2012, 9144:, Pisces Publications, Newbury, UK, 2012, 8002:Government, St Helena (1 September 2023). 8001: 7978:"Contract Awarded in Telecoms Procurement" 7976:Government, St Helena (30 November 2022). 7975: 7870:Government, St Helena (1 September 2023). 7869: 6945:"The St Helena Tuna One By One Philosophy" 5915: 5880: 5290: 3496: 2770: 2756: 1491:A local industry manufacturing fibre from 1259:'s home, until his permanent residence at 1066:of the Stuart monarchy in the kingdoms of 785:'s second-oldest overseas territory after 12708:1659 establishments in the British Empire 8371:. St Helena Government. 5 February 2018. 8341:. St Helena Government. 5 February 2018. 8263:. Saint.fm. 17 April 2015. Archived from 8109: 7922: 7115: 7113: 7111: 6727:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds 5368:PBS POV S36 Ep2 "The Story of Bones" 2023 4988:Schulenburg, Alexander H. (Autumn 1997). 3869:operations also occur on the island. The 1395:Learn how and when to remove this message 170:Location of Saint Helena in the southern 10801:Legitimacy of territorial establishment 9445:, Vol.28, No. 2 (1998), pp. 108–122 9380:Extracts from the St Helena Records 9345:St Helena Postal History and Stamps 9249:, 2007, Penguin Books, 2007, pp 99–104, 9005: 8004:"St Helena connects to the Subsea Cable" 7872:"St Helena connects to the Subsea Cable" 7505: 7216:"St Helena's Tourism Marketing Strategy" 7198:"The official St Helena Tourism website" 7088: 7086: 5777: 5775: 5447: 5445: 5079: 5009: 4965: 4567:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary 4530:. St Helena Government. 18 November 2021 4252: 4150: 4139:In Jamestown a timed run takes place up 4081: 3885:has been published since November 2005. 3640: 3581: 3424: 3359: 3347: 3039: 3024: 2371:, which has its own bishop and includes 2351: 2318:British Overseas Territories citizenship 2246: 2235: 1858: 1680: 1661: 1556:reclassified Saint Helena and the other 1540: 1463: 1213: 1202: 1022: 982:In developing their Far East trade, the 928:, and cited by Odoardo Duarte Lopes and 818: 12693:Islands of British Overseas Territories 9564:Saint Helena Island Information website 9498:Mosses and liverworts of St Helena 9438:, Vol.29, No. 4 (2003), pp. 535–53 9431:, Vol. XXIII, No. 3, pp. 3–6, 1999 8979:Penhallurick, Rob (16 September 2017). 7895: 7370: 6772: 6770: 6709:Taxonomy 921: 76-97. Available online: 6480: 5596: 5402: 5116:. St. Helena Foundation. Archived from 5080:E. A. B., E. A. (July 1940). "Review". 4647: 4309:François d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville 3834: 3343: 2630:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 1484:and his wife after their defeat at the 1078:took place in 1660, the EIC received a 14: 12660: 11912:English in the Commonwealth of Nations 11786:Historical flags of the British Empire 11770:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985 9397:, Penguin Random House Australia, 2015 9058: 8770:. Prince Andrew School. Archived from 8743:. St Helena Government. Archived from 8741:"Education and Employment Directorate" 8530:. Harford Primary School. 7 March 2002 7108: 6955:from the original on 11 December 2021. 6526:"Liberty bound: Slavery and St Helena" 6338:"The St Helena Independent – Saint FM" 5896:. St Helena Government. Archived from 5864:. St Helena Government. Archived from 5650: 5492: 4940: 4103:International Island Games Association 3999:Vocationally Recognised Qualifications 3997:, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and 3912: 3850:Radio broadcasting began in 1967 with 3317:Between 2009 and 2017, Saint Helena's 3312: 2792:and is exercised on his behalf by the 1827:Jamestown, Saint Helena § Climate 1427:, involved a short overland section). 1267:British East India Company (1821–1834) 1150:, intending to study the stars of the 11878: 11826: 11661: 11573: 11310: 10819: 10491: 10166: 10059: 9983: 9681: 9196:, Savannah Paperback Classics, 2002, 9006:Mesthrie, Rajend (10 December 2008). 8081:"15 Channel Digital TV for St Helena" 8078: 7731:from the original on 25 December 2016 7721:"St Helena airport too windy to open" 7565:"RMS St. Helena Schedule & Fares" 7083: 6671:"Millennium Forest. St Helena Island" 6406:from the original on 14 December 2015 5891:"2008 Population Census of St Helena" 5772: 5442: 4548: 3804: 2897:were travelling to South Africa. The 2322:British Overseas Territories Act 2002 2313:who worked under the harbour master. 1602:British Overseas Territories Act 2002 1423:(which, prior to the building of the 1224:Napoleon § Exile on Saint Helena 1154:. The site of this telescope is near 9032: 8375:from the original on 7 February 2018 8345:from the original on 8 February 2018 7850:"Welcome to Sure Saint Helena, Sure" 7763:from the original on 13 October 2017 7640:from the original on 15 October 2017 7036:, Bank of St. Helena, archived from 6767: 6436:from the original on 18 January 2018 6376:from the original on 27 January 2016 6318:from the original on 19 January 2015 6254:from the original on 19 January 2015 6170:from the original on 27 October 2014 5733:from the original on 15 October 2014 5623:O'Donoghue, Saskia (21 March 2024). 5316: 4237:is the official language. The local 4127:2019 Inter Games Football Tournament 3790:until the activation of the Equiano 3372:In 1821, Saul Solomon (the uncle of 3070:breeding on the offshore islets and 2963: 2655:British Overseas Territories citizen 1333:adding citations to reliable sources 1304: 1142:in 1676, and set up an astronomical 1138:visited Saint Helena on leaving the 1128:was built in Jamestown in 1774, and 461:121.8 km (47.0 sq mi) 12678:Islands of the South Atlantic Ocean 11597:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands 10440:. British Cameroons is now part of 9375:, Ward, Lock & Co, London, 1903 9373:St Helena: The Historic Island 9347:, Robson Lowe Limited, London, 1979 9059:Heaver, Stuart (22 February 2014). 8933: 8127:from the original on 5 October 2016 7969: 7863: 7842: 7630:"Saint Helena to get first airport" 7169:Buckley, Julia (18 December 2017). 6555: 6542: 6013:Angelini, Daniel (24 August 2018). 5702:, St Helena Tourism, archived from 4990:"Joao Da Nova and the Lost Carrack" 4376: 4086:The football team before a game in 3876: 3113:was last seen in the wild in 1967. 3035:Cambridge University Botanic Garden 2973:Reburial of excavated human remains 2828:Legislative Council of Saint Helena 2359:, located to the south of Jamestown 1766:. Much of the island is covered by 1146:with a 7.3-metre-long (24 ft) 826:, a Galician navigator serving the 24: 11862: 10456:unilaterally declared independence 10151:1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802 9247:Piracy, Turtles & Flying Foxes 9133: 7896:Hancock, Simon (19 January 2010). 7701:from the original on 25 April 2012 7672:from the original on 26 April 2012 7266:"Voyage of discovery to St Helena" 7067:. 20 February 2020. Archived from 6920:. 21 November 2013. Archived from 6598:from the original on 2 August 2012 6222:from the original on 15 April 2016 6196:from the original on 15 April 2016 5317:Neel, Annina van (27 March 2024). 4618:from the original on 12 March 2010 4222:, similar to the Indian rice dish 4101:. Saint Helena is a member of the 3889:newspaper was introduced in 2012. 3448:create flat land for the runway. 3123:. In 1991, a crab-fishing vessel, 3044:The St Helena Plover or wirebird ( 2941:(FCO) was accused of lying to the 2316:The citizens of Saint Helena hold 1536: 1419:shipping lanes to a route via the 1097:Between January and May 1673, the 1055:, was shown to be a myth in 1999. 25: 12739: 11879: 11663:Antarctica and the South Atlantic 11642:Occupied by Argentina during the 11574: 10820: 9535: 9482:Weider, Ben & Hapgood, David 9424:, L. Reeve & Co, London, 1875 9208:St Helena:South Atlantic Fortress 8216:from the original on 1 April 2016 6809:. 19 October 2019. Archived from 6624:from the original on 3 July 2018. 6573:from the original on 30 June 2007 5842:from the original on 18 July 2014 5651:Elston, Laura (22 January 2024). 5597:Delaney, Evie (25 January 2024). 5499:. Osprey Publishing. p. 56. 4966:Rowlands, Beau W. (Spring 2004). 4248: 3703:. In 2017, South African airline 2843:Royal Saint Helena Police Service 1869:Category:Parishes of Saint Helena 12106:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 11806: 11797: 11796: 11209:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9573: 9104: 9083: 9071:from the original on 4 July 2018 9052: 9026: 9009:Africa, South and Southeast Asia 8999: 8972: 8954: 8927: 8913: 8887: 8868: 8843: 8824: 8808: 8786: 8759: 8701: 8671: 8645: 8619: 8593: 8567: 8520: 8437: 8413: 8387: 8357: 8327: 8305: 8279: 8253: 8228: 8181: 8160: 8139: 8021: 7995: 7916: 7889: 7825: 7800: 7775: 7743: 7713: 7683: 7652: 7622: 7597: 7583: 7567:. RMS St. Helena. Archived from 7557: 7531: 7480: 7462: 7437: 7412: 7391: 7349: 7325: 7307: 7286: 7258: 7236: 7208: 7190: 7135: 7051: 7024: 7007: 6993: 6976: 6959: 6936: 6906: 6876: 6851: 6825: 6795: 6753:Natural History Museum of London 6741: 6715: 6702: 6689: 6663: 6569:, BirdLife International, 2012, 6481:Jackman, Josh (7 January 2019). 6364:"HC 662 The Wass Inquiry Report" 6063:"Constitutional Poll – Restults" 4437: 4423: 4024:A/S & A2 and Level 3 Diploma 3663:, as well as charter flights to 3364:1673–1973 tercentenary 25-pence 2911:Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh 2823:of Saint Helena consists of the 2433: 1620:Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh 1533:, which was introduced in 1989. 1309: 1218:Longwood House in September 2014 692: 600: 428:Government of the United Kingdom 185: 164: 152: 116: 79: 68: 11902:History of the English language 9579:Wikimedia Atlas of Saint Helena 9452:, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1970 9436:Journal of Historical Geography 8079:Henry, Sharon (29 March 2012). 7923:O'Bey, Hensil (24 April 2012). 6890:. 27 April 2017. Archived from 6637: 6628: 6610: 6584: 6536: 6518: 6500: 6474: 6448: 6418: 6388: 6356: 6330: 6298: 6266: 6234: 6150: 6138: 6112: 6085: 6069:. 25 March 2013. Archived from 6055: 6046: 6034: 6006: 5983: 5952: 5824: 5815: 5797: 5717: 5690: 5679:Natural History of Saint Helena 5672: 5644: 5616: 5590: 5564: 5546: 5525: 5513: 5486: 5474: 5461: 5421: 5396: 5371: 5362: 5344: 5310: 5284: 5266: 5139:Schulenburg, Alexander (1999). 5132: 5106: 5048: 5003: 4981: 4968:"Ships at St Helena, 1502-1613" 4959: 4945:. Routledge. pp. 217–219. 4934: 4917: 4903: 4891: 4880: 4867: 4849: 4823: 4814: 4805: 4794: 4780: 4769: 4758: 4747: 4738: 4727: 4716: 4705: 4694: 4196:wrote that, due to the lack of 3905:satellite operators to install 3683:usually include a fuel stop at 3305:, Saint Helena is permitted to 3017:List of mammals of Saint Helena 3000: 2939:Foreign and Commonwealth Office 2933:Child safeguarding inquiry 2015 2920: 2618:Magistrates and Juvenile Courts 2225: 1758:highest point of the island is 1320:needs additional citations for 796:'s second exile, following his 767:Helena, mother of Constantine I 11705:Australian Antarctic Territory 10561:since 1965 (before as part of 10558:British Indian Ocean Territory 10444:, while Tanganyika is part of 10075:since 1960 (before as part of 9475:Van Linschoten, Iohn Huighen, 4683: 4672: 4654:The Catholic Historical Review 4641: 4630: 4604: 4597:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 4584: 4542: 4413:, was named after the island. 4371:Chief Minister of Saint Helena 4266:Category:Saint Helenian people 3387:, which is at parity with the 3170:), the Natasha Pirate Spider ( 2993:during the suppression of the 1792:) and the Saint Helena olive ( 1666:Positions (north to south) of 1289:in the years after his death. 1013:East India Company (1658–1815) 848:Saint Helena of Constantinople 13: 1: 12703:1659 establishments in Africa 8982:Studying the English Language 8895:"A Baden-Powell Bibliography" 6592:"Tentative Lists: St. Helena" 5786:St Helena News Media Services 5761:, Central Intelligence Agency 5083:The English Historical Review 4483: 4363: 4350: 3625:ran between Saint Helena and 3356:minted for St. Helena in 1821 3177:) and the Daryl Wolf Spider ( 3013:List of birds of Saint Helena 2997:and brought to Saint Helena. 2841:The island is policed by the 2810:a referendum on 23 March 2013 2416: 2254:, the capital of Saint Helena 2220: 1562:British Dependent Territories 1034: 36:Saint Helena (disambiguation) 12150:United States Virgin Islands 10016:British Overseas Territories 9656:Isolated Islands: St. Helena 7591:"St. Helena | Noonsite" 6618:"De etsen van Rolf Weijburg" 5572:"The New Ministerial System" 3963:for students aged 11 to 18. 3923: 3730:and road signs are based on 3671:. The airport also operates 3559: 3547:A plan to expand the use of 3408:Georgetown, Ascension Island 3391:and is also the currency of 3307:issue its own postage stamps 2357:St Paul's Anglican Cathedral 2232:Demographics of Saint Helena 1815:coat of arms of Saint Helena 1657: 1554:British Nationality Act 1981 814: 771:discovered by the Portuguese 7: 11732:British Antarctic Territory 11442:Western Pacific Territories 11336: 9911:Edinburgh of the Seven Seas 8934:USA, IBP (21 August 2013). 8897:. July 2007. Archived from 8477:"St. Paul's Primary School" 7525:Air & Space/Smithsonian 7064:National Geographic Society 6645:"10 Plants Lost to History" 6594:. UNESCO. 27 January 2012. 6218:. humanrightssthelena.org. 6192:. humanrightssthelena.org. 5862:"Census 2016– Summary Data" 4473:Saint Helena Police Service 4416: 4393: 4229: 3659:operates weekly flights to 3090:UNESCO World Heritage Sites 2347: 1776:Saint Helena National Trust 1468:Boer prisoners of war, 1900 1453:On 11 April 1898, American 1444:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1297:roots of environmentalism. 1210:by François-Joseph Sandmann 10: 12744: 11867:English speaking countries 11470:Gilbert and Ellice Islands 10887:British Arctic Territories 10167: 10060: 8421:"Education Ordinance 2009" 8313:"Saint Helena Island Info" 8212:. sainthelenaisland.info. 7833:"Sure Telephone Directory" 6530:National Museums Liverpool 4478:Healthcare in Saint Helena 4341:Michel Dancoisne-Martineau 4263: 4190:In 2017, Julia Buckley of 4185: 4158: 4123:Saint Helena football team 3927: 3916: 3883:St Helena Independent 3811:international calling code 3756: 3563: 3420: 3352:East India Company copper 3191: 3187: 3010: 3004: 2814:Another referendum in 2021 2781: 2622:Supreme Court of St Helena 2229: 2170: 2139: 2108: 2077: 2046: 2015: 1984: 1953: 1922: 1866: 1841:weather recording stations 1824: 1820: 1688: 1503:, the United States built 1221: 1030:British East India Company 1016: 951:Exploitation of the island 914:Jan Huyghen van Linschoten 807: 803: 758:. It is now served by the 722:British overseas territory 469:820 m (2,690 ft) 29: 12683:Volcanoes of Saint Helena 12601: 12489: 12459: 12405: 12387: 12266: 12253: 12244: 12203: 12159: 11992: 11972: 11959: 11950: 11946: 11925: 11889: 11885: 11874: 11860: 11781: 11750: 11710:Commonwealth of Australia 11668: 11657: 11628: 11580: 11569: 11535: 11342: 11306: 11112:Newfoundland and Labrador 10826: 10815: 10793:League of Nations mandate 10774: 10498: 10487: 10468:Lancaster House Agreement 10438:League of Nations mandate 10427: 10173: 10162: 10066: 10055: 10022: 9961: 9881: 9818: 9725: 9715: 9584:Saint Helena Travel Guide 9142:Lichens of St Helena 9022:– via Google Books. 8995:– via Google Books. 8985:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 8950:– via Google Books. 8796:. Saint Helena Government 8739:Government of St Helena. 8555:. Saint Helena Government 8479:. Saint Helena Government 8444:Government of St Helena. 7518:27 September 2015 at the 7015:"Stats Bulletin Arrivals" 6158:"humanrightssthelena.org" 4387:Seychelles giant tortoise 4280:(1768 St Helena – 1847), 4147:Scouting and Girl Guiding 4125:first tournament was the 4113:in Division Three of the 4107:Saint Helena cricket team 4061:Building and Construction 3897:Satellite ground stations 3675:flights and accommodates 3566:Transport on Saint Helena 3518: 3047:Charadrius sanctaehelenae 2626:St Helena Court of Appeal 2541:Responsible Minister (UK) 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1863:Districts of Saint Helena 1691:Geography of Saint Helena 1582:launched the replacement 581: 558: 546: 536: 519: 500: 496:36.5/km (94.5/sq mi) 490: 480: 473: 465: 455: 448: 433: 426: 416: 412: 397: 382: 367: 363: 343: 318: 308: 267: 226: 216: 206: 198: 178: 163: 151: 142: 105: 94: 64: 55: 48: 12547:Northern Mariana Islands 12138:Turks and Caicos Islands 11240:Turks and Caicos Islands 10547:(protectorate) 1907–1949 10492: 10119:(integrated into the UK) 9891:Governor (Administrator) 9828:Governor (Administrator) 9612:4 September 2015 at the 9603:Seale, Robert F. (1834) 9298:, Anthony Nelson, 1994, 9065:South China Morning Post 8881:14 February 2010 at the 8709:"Public Library Service" 8553:"Pilling Primary School" 8317:Saint Helena Island Info 7492:Connect Saint Helena Ltd 7488:"Electricity Generation" 7449:Connect Saint Helena Ltd 6543:Bristol, University of. 5995:10 November 2017 at the 5403:Roberts, Andrew (2014). 5055:Drake and St Helena 4648:Cardozo, Manoel (1963). 4077: 3891:Saint Helena Island Info 3860:Saint FM Community Radio 3753:Media and communications 3749:services are available. 3726:Traffic in Saint Helena 3667:and seasonal flights to 3487:COVID-19 global pandemic 2794:Governor of Saint Helena 2784:Politics of Saint Helena 2474:William, Prince of Wales 2426:Politics of Saint Helena 1855:Administrative divisions 1742:, England), and western 1301:Crown colony (1834–1981) 1255:, on the grounds of the 1208:Napoléon à Sainte-Hélène 1099:Dutch East India Company 12423:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 11523:1919–1942 and 1945–1968 11348:18th and 19th centuries 11164:Queen Charlotte Islands 11124:North-Western Territory 11096:1665–1674 and 1702–1776 10699:1781–1784 and 1795–1819 10364:1923–1965 and 1979–1980 10047:Commonwealth of Nations 9648:Encyclopædia Britannica 9631:Encyclopædia Britannica 9378:Janisch, Hudson Ralph, 9340:, 1598–1600, Volume XI. 9324:Saint Helena, 1502–1938 9282:St Helena Lifeline 9045:Encyclopædia Britannica 8836:3 February 2011 at the 8261:"St Helena Independent" 8189:"Saint Helena Stations" 6803:"Investment Prospectus" 5496:Boer Commando 1876–1902 5114:"Historical Chronology" 5092:Oxford University Press 4861:16 October 2015 at the 4525:"St-Helena at a Glance" 4468:Outline of Saint Helena 4294:Daniel Richard Caldwell 3781:Equiano submarine cable 3721: 3497:Effects of the pandemic 3252:Napoleon's imprisonment 3194:Economy of Saint Helena 2579:Speaker of Saint Helena 2367:and are members of the 2326:British nationality law 1809:of Saint Helena is the 1167:port of call of the EIC 810:History of Saint Helena 756:Cape Town, South Africa 482:• 2021 census 358:constitutional monarchy 43:Place in United Kingdom 12037:British Virgin Islands 11897:English-speaking world 11868: 11854:English-speaking world 11273:West Indies Federation 10462:) and continued as an 10045:Current member of the 9625:"St Helena (2.)" 9484:The Murder of Napoleon 9387:Napoleon's Last Island 9361:, Viking Press, 2002, 8966:sainthelenaisland.info 8855:sainthelenaisland.info 8766:Prince Andrew School. 8240:sainthelenaisland.info 7812:sainthelenaisland.info 7787:sainthelenaisland.info 7420:"Connect Saint Helena" 7399:"Travel & Tourism" 7357:"Travel & Tourism" 6984:"Stats Bulletin Wages" 6783:. St Helena Government 6563:"Important Bird Areas" 6512:sainthelenaisland.info 5684:13 August 2011 at the 5558:www.legislation.gov.uk 5429:"Friends of St Helena" 5405:Napoleon : A Life 5356:sainthelenaisland.info 5352:"SLAVERY ON ST HELENA" 5146:. Friends of St Helena 4369:St Helena), inaugural 4261: 4243:South Atlantic English 4156: 4095:sent teams to a number 4090: 3649: 3636: 3593: 3577: 3433: 3369: 3357: 3060:BirdLife International 3051: 3037: 2360: 2255: 2244: 1864: 1686: 1678: 1648:Guinness World Records 1549: 1469: 1219: 1211: 1158:at Hutt's Gate in the 1040: 872:When a section of the 831: 781:. Saint Helena is the 466:Highest elevation 145:My Saint Helena Island 100:"Loyal and Unshakable" 34:. For other uses, see 12475:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 12096:Saint Kitts and Nevis 11866: 11195:Saint Kitts and Nevis 10466:state until the 1979 10072:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 9479:, Wolfe, London, 1598 9420:Melliss, John C. M., 9012:. Walter de Gruyter. 5791:20 March 2012 at the 5729:, Moonbeams Limited, 5225:. Saint Helena Island 4941:Disney, A.R. (2016). 4614:. UK Archives. 2009. 4564:(eds.). "St Helena". 4445:United Kingdom portal 4315:of Napoleon to France 4256: 4154: 4111:international cricket 4085: 4010:Design and Technology 3809:Saint Helena has the 3644: 3585: 3428: 3406:on Saint Helena, and 3363: 3351: 3334:SHG Statistics Office 3214:for rope and string. 3066:or wirebird, and for 3043: 3028: 3021:Flora of Saint Helena 2392:Seventh-day Adventist 2355: 2250: 2239: 1862: 1684: 1665: 1546:Francis Eustace Baker 1544: 1478:Second Anglo-Boer War 1467: 1217: 1206: 1156:Saint Mathew's Church 1026: 894:Afonso de Albuquerque 876:under the command of 836:3rd Portuguese Armada 822: 11723:Realm of New Zealand 11721:(transferred to the 11708:(transferred to the 11541:Realm of New Zealand 11142:Prince Edward Island 11020:1671–1816, 1833–1960 9868:RAF Ascension Island 9810:Saint Helena Airport 9669:(Travel documentary) 9661:6 March 2016 at the 9557:13 June 2020 at the 9462:Smallman, David L., 9216:Fortress Study Group 8877:A Scouting Timeline 8689:on 26 September 2012 8293:on 20 September 2021 8147:"BROADCAST STATIONS" 8008:St Helena Government 7982:St Helena Government 7876:St Helena Government 7424:Connect Saint Helena 7319:St Helena Government 7301:St Helena Government 7294:"Visitor Statistics" 7232:on 21 February 2020. 7001:"Stats Bulletin RPI" 6967:"Stats Bulletin HDI" 6837:St Helena Government 6807:Enterprise St Helena 6460:St Helena Government 6432:. 10 December 2015. 6402:. 10 December 2015. 6369:. 10 December 2015. 6124:St Helena Government 6097:St Helena Government 5868:on 23 September 2016 5805:"BBC Weather Centre" 5706:on 17 September 2010 5576:St Helena Government 5493:Knight, Ian (2004). 5278:16 July 2011 at the 4119:World Cricket League 4070:Saint Helena has no 3957:Prince Andrew School 3835:Television and Radio 3692:Saint Helena Airport 3653:Saint Helena Airport 3646:Saint Helena Airport 3601:to Saint Helena and 3572:Saint Helena Airport 3400:Bank of Saint Helena 3344:Banking and currency 3283:Opuntia ficus-indica 3264:Saint Helena Airport 3230:Standard & Poors 3150:anterior median eyes 3083:Important Bird Areas 3031:Trochetiopsis ebenus 2995:Atlantic slave trade 2991:West Africa Squadron 2983:airport construction 2859:Commonwealth nations 2728:Saint Helena Airport 2396:New Apostolic Church 2369:Diocese of St Helena 2297:, and eventually to 2283:West Africa Squadron 2145:Saint Paul's Village 1789:Acalypha rubrinervis 1697:South Atlantic Ocean 1670:, Saint Helena, and 1486:Battle of Paardeberg 1432:Atlantic slave trade 1329:improve this article 1140:University of Oxford 1053:Great Fire of London 729:South Atlantic Ocean 293:15.93333°S 5.72000°W 218:Current constitution 143:Unofficial anthem: " 12640: / 12132:Trinidad and Tobago 12009:Antigua and Barbuda 11754:Since 2009 part of 11646:of April–June 1982. 11233:Trinidad and Tobago 10847:Antigua and Barbuda 10747:Straits Settlements 9926:Nightingale Islands 9921:Inaccessible Island 9745:Legislative Council 9496:Wigginton, Martin. 9443:The Local Historian 9308:George, Barbara B. 9039:"Napoleon I." 8794:"Community college" 8747:on 30 December 2012 8659:on 14 December 2001 8267:on 4 September 2015 7697:. 3 November 2011. 7605:"St Helena Airport" 7545:on 12 December 2019 5979:. 26 November 2018. 5903:on 28 December 2016 5811:on 9 February 2011. 4505:11 May 2011 at the 4385:(hatched c. 1832), 4323:Primitive Methodist 4313:brought the remains 3961:secondary education 3913:Culture and society 3765:Sure South Atlantic 3469:Condé Nast Traveler 3313:Economic statistics 3064:Saint Helena plover 2863:warranted personnel 2573:Legislative Council 2400:Jehovah's Witnesses 2363:Most residents are 1876:Legislative Council 1811:Saint Helena plover 1152:Southern Hemisphere 1086:, in honour of the 924:by Saint Helena in 859:Cantino planisphere 775:Indian subcontinent 421:Legislative Council 298:-15.93333; -5.72000 289: / 248: / 158:Map of Saint Helena 12723:Mid-Atlantic Ridge 11869: 10906:Cape Breton Island 10797:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty 10639:Unfederated States 10454:Southern Rhodesia 10041:Commonwealth realm 9941:Stoltenhoff Island 9931:Nightingale Island 9618:Linda Hall Library 9350:Hearl, Trevor W., 9245:Dampier, William, 9034:Rose, John Holland 8774:on 28 October 2013 8715:on 6 February 2002 8633:on 5 February 2002 8607:on 6 February 2002 8581:on 6 February 2002 8508:on 14 January 2002 8401:on 26 January 2002 7759:. 24 August 2015. 7511:Rosenberg, Zach. " 7472:Sunny Portal, 2017 7445:"Utilities Tariff" 7040:on 7 February 2012 6755:. 15 February 2024 6567:BirdLife data zone 6462:. 24 February 2017 6344:on 6 December 2017 6286:on 19 January 2015 6145:Smallman, David L. 6126:. 28 November 2017 6073:on 27 October 2014 6020:Swindon Advertiser 5940:on 20 October 2017 5759:CIA World Factbook 5254:. 18 December 2019 4837:on 7 November 2007 4600:. Merriam-Webster. 4335:Khalid bin Bargash 4288:Napoleon Bonaparte 4282:East India Company 4262: 4258:Napoleon Bonaparte 4180:African Adventures 4157: 4109:made its debut in 4099:Commonwealth Games 4091: 4072:tertiary education 4064:Automotive Studies 4034:English Literature 3852:Radio Saint Helena 3805:Telecommunications 3794:in October 2023. 3728:drives on the left 3650: 3594: 3434: 3385:Saint Helena pound 3370: 3368:coin of St. Helena 3358: 3052: 3038: 2891:Queen Elizabeth II 2867:special constables 2857:. Like many other 2832:King-in-Parliament 2798:British government 2698:Saint Helena Pound 2394:(since 1949), the 2382:(since 1852), the 2361: 2307:East India Company 2264:Cape Verde Islands 2256: 2245: 1865: 1728:Western Hemisphere 1701:Mid-Atlantic Ridge 1687: 1679: 1632:Queen Elizabeth II 1550: 1470: 1242:Frederick Maitland 1234:Battle of Waterloo 1230:Napoleon Bonaparte 1220: 1212: 1049:East India Company 1041: 1019:East India Company 994:by Dutch pirates. 930:Sir Thomas Herbert 832: 509:Saint Helena pound 309:Official languages 12623: 12622: 12619: 12618: 12615: 12614: 12597: 12596: 12593: 12592: 12240: 12239: 11820: 11819: 11777: 11776: 11653: 11652: 11585:Providence Island 11565: 11564: 11530: 11529: 11398:Western Australia 11366:Van Diemen's Land 11302: 11301: 11279:Associated States 10977:Columbia District 10811: 10810: 10665:Manila and Cavite 10483: 10482: 10362:Southern Rhodesia 10356:South-West Africa 10306:Northern Rhodesia 10218:Cape of Good Hope 10158: 10157: 10035:Current territory 9977: 9976: 9642:"St Helena" 9531:– 28 October 2017 9400:Kitching, G. C., 9395:978 0 85798 460 9 9343:Hibbert, Edward, 9280:Eriksen, Ronnie, 9273:Duncan, Francis, 9259:Darwin, Charles, 9222:), pp. 75–90 9188:Chaplin, Arnold, 8901:on 13 August 2012 8840:St Helena profile 8060:Missing or empty 7668:, 21 April 2012, 7636:. 15 March 2005. 7609:St Helena Airport 7223:St Helena Tourism 7202:St Helena Tourism 6918:St Helena Tourism 6888:St Helena Tourism 6863:St Helena Tourism 6839:. 5 December 2019 6729:. 23 October 2023 6549:www.bristol.ac.uk 5506:978-1-84176-648-5 5414:978-0-670-02532-9 5223:"A Brief History" 4952:978-1-138-49378-0 4577:978-0-521-15255-6 4463:Manatee of Helena 4176:Lord Baden-Powell 3988:distance learning 3856:BBC World Service 3732:British standards 3696:civil engineering 3533:diesel generators 3510:COVID-19 pandemic 3475:A 2019 report by 3206:The island had a 3106:Nesiota elliptica 3029:St Helena Ebony ( 2964:Same-sex marriage 2899:Duke of Edinburgh 2895:Princess Margaret 2780: 2779: 2665:Visa requirements 2504:Executive Council 2214: 2213: 1959:Blue Hill Village 1817:and on the flag. 1795:Nesiota elliptica 1640:Princess Margaret 1618:In January 2024, 1505:Wideawake Airport 1405: 1404: 1397: 1379: 1126:St. James' Church 1007:Cape of Good Hope 945:Garcia de Noronha 898:Cape of Good Hope 828:Portuguese Empire 760:St Helena Airport 593: 592: 135: 111:God Save the King 16:(Redirected from 12735: 12655: 12654: 12652: 12651: 12650: 12645: 12644:15.967°S 5.700°W 12641: 12638: 12637: 12636: 12633: 12558:Papua New Guinea 12526:Marshall Islands 12416:Christmas Island 12251: 12250: 12247: 12231:Pitcairn Islands 12061:Falkland Islands 11957: 11956: 11953: 11948: 11947: 11887: 11886: 11876: 11875: 11865: 11847: 11840: 11833: 11824: 11823: 11810: 11800: 11799: 11765:Antarctic Treaty 11726: 11713: 11698:Falkland Islands 11690:Tristan da Cunha 11682:Ascension Island 11659: 11658: 11610:Falkland Islands 11571: 11570: 11539:Now part of the 11411:Pitcairn Islands 11376:Auckland Islands 11345: 11344: 11331: 11324: 11317: 11308: 11307: 11293:Windward Islands 11247:Vancouver Island 11024:MassachusettsBay 10893:British Columbia 10817: 10816: 10633:Federated States 10489: 10488: 10399:Tristan da Cunha 10368:Southern Nigeria 10300:Northern Nigeria 10179:Ascension Island 10164: 10163: 10120: 10057: 10056: 10031:Former territory 10028: 10004: 9997: 9990: 9981: 9980: 9883:Tristan da Cunha 9820:Ascension Island 9780:Half Tree Hollow 9702: 9695: 9688: 9679: 9678: 9652: 9644: 9635: 9627: 9577: 9576: 9521: 9357:Holmes, Rachel, 9294:Evans, Dorothy, 9140:Aptroot, Andre. 9127: 9126: 9124: 9122: 9108: 9102: 9101: 9099: 9097: 9087: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9076: 9056: 9050: 9049: 9041: 9030: 9024: 9023: 9003: 8997: 8996: 8976: 8970: 8969: 8958: 8952: 8951: 8931: 8925: 8924: 8917: 8911: 8910: 8908: 8906: 8891: 8885: 8872: 8866: 8865: 8863: 8861: 8851:"Jacob's Ladder" 8847: 8841: 8828: 8822: 8812: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8790: 8784: 8783: 8781: 8779: 8763: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8752: 8736: 8725: 8724: 8722: 8720: 8705: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8685:. Archived from 8675: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8664: 8649: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8623: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8612: 8597: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8571: 8565: 8564: 8562: 8560: 8549: 8540: 8539: 8537: 8535: 8524: 8518: 8517: 8515: 8513: 8498: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8484: 8473: 8460: 8459: 8457: 8455: 8450: 8441: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8430: 8425: 8417: 8411: 8410: 8408: 8406: 8391: 8385: 8384: 8382: 8380: 8361: 8355: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8331: 8325: 8324: 8319:. Archived from 8309: 8303: 8302: 8300: 8298: 8283: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8272: 8257: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8246: 8236:"Our Newspapers" 8232: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8221: 8206: 8200: 8199: 8197: 8195: 8185: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8174: 8164: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8153: 8143: 8137: 8136: 8134: 8132: 8113: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8102: 8096: 8085: 8076: 8070: 8069: 8063: 8058: 8056: 8048: 8046: 8044: 8038: 8032:. Archived from 8025: 8019: 8018: 8016: 8014: 7999: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7973: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7962: 7957:. 4 January 2021 7951: 7945: 7944: 7942: 7940: 7935:on 27 April 2014 7920: 7914: 7913: 7911: 7909: 7893: 7887: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7867: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7856: 7846: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7829: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7804: 7798: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7779: 7773: 7772: 7770: 7768: 7747: 7741: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7717: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7706: 7687: 7681: 7680: 7679: 7677: 7656: 7650: 7649: 7647: 7645: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7601: 7595: 7594: 7587: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7576: 7571:on 26 April 2010 7561: 7555: 7554: 7552: 7550: 7541:. Archived from 7535: 7529: 7509: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7498: 7484: 7478: 7477: 7466: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7441: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7416: 7410: 7409: 7407: 7405: 7395: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7374: 7368: 7367: 7365: 7363: 7353: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7337: 7329: 7323: 7322: 7311: 7305: 7304: 7298: 7290: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7274:. 18 August 2019 7262: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7251: 7240: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7225:. Archived from 7220: 7212: 7206: 7205: 7194: 7188: 7187: 7185: 7183: 7166: 7155: 7154: 7152: 7150: 7139: 7133: 7132: 7130: 7128: 7123:. 30 August 2020 7117: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7101: 7090: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7076: 7055: 7049: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7028: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7011: 7005: 7004: 6997: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6980: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6963: 6957: 6956: 6940: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6929: 6924:on 6 August 2020 6910: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6880: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6855: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6844: 6829: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6813:on 6 August 2020 6799: 6793: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6782: 6774: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6719: 6713: 6706: 6700: 6693: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6682: 6677:. 21 August 2015 6675:St Helena Island 6667: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6656: 6641: 6635: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6614: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6559: 6553: 6552: 6540: 6534: 6533: 6522: 6516: 6515: 6504: 6498: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6478: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6452: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6441: 6422: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6392: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6375: 6368: 6360: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6340:. Archived from 6334: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6302: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6282:. Archived from 6270: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6238: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6227: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6169: 6162: 6154: 6148: 6142: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6116: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6089: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6059: 6053: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6010: 6004: 5987: 5981: 5980: 5973: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5956: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5939: 5932: 5922: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5902: 5895: 5887: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5858: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5828: 5822: 5819: 5813: 5812: 5807:. Archived from 5801: 5795: 5779: 5770: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5751: 5742: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5721: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5694: 5688: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5665: 5648: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5594: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5578:. 18 August 2021 5568: 5562: 5561: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5529: 5523: 5517: 5511: 5510: 5490: 5484: 5478: 5472: 5467:Geoffrey Wolff, 5465: 5459: 5449: 5440: 5439: 5431:. Archived from 5425: 5419: 5418: 5400: 5394: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5375: 5369: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5314: 5308: 5307: 5292:Beaglehole, J.C. 5288: 5282: 5270: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5248: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5219: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5183: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5145: 5136: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5110: 5104: 5103: 5077: 5058: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5013:Modern Philology 5007: 5001: 5000: 4994: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4972: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4921: 4915: 4907: 4901: 4895: 4889: 4884: 4878: 4871: 4865: 4853: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4827: 4821: 4818: 4812: 4809: 4803: 4798: 4792: 4784: 4778: 4773: 4767: 4762: 4756: 4751: 4745: 4742: 4736: 4731: 4725: 4720: 4714: 4709: 4703: 4698: 4692: 4687: 4681: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4645: 4639: 4634: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4529: 4521: 4510: 4497: 4453:Lists of islands 4447: 4442: 4441: 4440: 4433: 4428: 4427: 4426: 4377:Notable creature 4368: 4365: 4355: 4352: 4284:military officer 4198:nouvelle cuisine 4178:'s book, titled 4028:Business Studies 4016:Business Studies 3877:Local newspapers 3677:general aviation 3665:Ascension Island 3615:Until 2017, the 3603:Ascension Island 3393:Ascension Island 3303:Tristan da Cunha 3299:Ascension Island 3212:New Zealand flax 3111:St.Helena earwig 2855:Tristan da Cunha 2847:Ascension Island 2790:King Charles III 2772: 2765: 2758: 2703:Half Tree Hollow 2694: 2550:Plantation House 2531:Attorney General 2437: 2421: 2420: 2373:Ascension Island 2334:Falkland Islands 1990:Half Tree Hollow 1986:Half Tree Hollow 1881: 1880: 1833:Benguela Current 1768:New Zealand flax 1724:Tristan da Cunha 1720:Ascension Island 1695:Situated in the 1672:Tristan da Cunha 1668:Ascension Island 1644:The Queen Mother 1570:Ascension Island 1566:Falkland Islands 1501:Second World War 1493:New Zealand flax 1400: 1393: 1389: 1386: 1380: 1378: 1337: 1313: 1305: 1148:aerial telescope 1130:Plantation House 1039: 1036: 863:Ascension Island 715: 714: 711: 710: 707: 704: 701: 698: 691: 683: 682: 679: 678: 675: 672: 669: 664: 663: 660: 657: 654: 651: 646: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 630: 625: 624: 619: 618: 615: 612: 609: 606: 336: 304: 303: 301: 300: 299: 294: 290: 287: 286: 285: 282: 272:Half Tree Hollow 263: 262: 260: 259: 258: 253: 252:15.933°S 5.717°W 249: 246: 245: 244: 241: 222:1 September 2009 199:Colonial charter 191: 189: 188: 168: 156: 137: 136: 83: 72: 46: 45: 21: 12743: 12742: 12738: 12737: 12736: 12734: 12733: 12732: 12658: 12657: 12649:-15.967; -5.700 12648: 12646: 12642: 12639: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12627: 12626: 12624: 12611: 12589: 12568:Solomon Islands 12485: 12455: 12401: 12383: 12262: 12245: 12236: 12199: 12155: 11988: 11968: 11951: 11942: 11921: 11881: 11870: 11856: 11851: 11821: 11816: 11773: 11746: 11720: 11718:Ross Dependency 11707: 11664: 11649: 11624: 11576: 11561: 11531: 11526: 11482: 11477:Solomon Islands 11424:North Australia 11404:South Australia 11360:New South Wales 11338: 11335: 11298: 11018:Leeward Islands 10822: 10807: 10770: 10677:Muscat and Oman 10494: 10479: 10423: 10169: 10154: 10118: 10062: 10051: 10026: 10018: 10008: 9978: 9973: 9957: 9877: 9858:Travellers Hill 9814: 9721: 9711: 9706: 9663:Wayback Machine 9622: 9614:Wayback Machine 9588:Travellerspoint 9574: 9559:Wayback Machine 9538: 9519: 9510: 9506:9781874357-51-3 9406:Lambdon, Phil. 9385:Keneally, Tom, 9371:Jackson, E. L. 9225:Crallan, Hugh, 9206:Clements, B.; " 9175:Cannan, Edward 9154:Brooke, T. H., 9136: 9134:Further reading 9131: 9130: 9120: 9118: 9110: 9109: 9105: 9095: 9093: 9089: 9088: 9084: 9074: 9072: 9057: 9053: 9031: 9027: 9020: 9004: 9000: 8993: 8977: 8973: 8960: 8959: 8955: 8948: 8932: 8928: 8919: 8918: 8914: 8904: 8902: 8893: 8892: 8888: 8883:Wayback Machine 8873: 8869: 8859: 8857: 8849: 8848: 8844: 8838:Wayback Machine 8829: 8825: 8813: 8809: 8799: 8797: 8792: 8791: 8787: 8777: 8775: 8764: 8760: 8750: 8748: 8737: 8728: 8718: 8716: 8707: 8706: 8702: 8692: 8690: 8677: 8676: 8672: 8662: 8660: 8651: 8650: 8646: 8636: 8634: 8625: 8624: 8620: 8610: 8608: 8599: 8598: 8594: 8584: 8582: 8573: 8572: 8568: 8558: 8556: 8551: 8550: 8543: 8533: 8531: 8526: 8525: 8521: 8511: 8509: 8500: 8499: 8492: 8482: 8480: 8475: 8474: 8463: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8442: 8438: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8419: 8418: 8414: 8404: 8402: 8393: 8392: 8388: 8378: 8376: 8363: 8362: 8358: 8348: 8346: 8333: 8332: 8328: 8323:on 27 May 2016. 8311: 8310: 8306: 8296: 8294: 8285: 8284: 8280: 8270: 8268: 8259: 8258: 8254: 8244: 8242: 8234: 8233: 8229: 8219: 8217: 8208: 8207: 8203: 8193: 8191: 8187: 8186: 8182: 8172: 8170: 8166: 8165: 8161: 8151: 8149: 8145: 8144: 8140: 8130: 8128: 8115: 8114: 8110: 8100: 8098: 8094: 8083: 8077: 8073: 8061: 8059: 8050: 8049: 8042: 8040: 8039:on 30 June 2010 8036: 8028:. 30 June 2010 8027: 8026: 8022: 8012: 8010: 8000: 7996: 7986: 7984: 7974: 7970: 7960: 7958: 7953: 7952: 7948: 7938: 7936: 7921: 7917: 7907: 7905: 7894: 7890: 7880: 7878: 7868: 7864: 7854: 7852: 7848: 7847: 7843: 7835: 7831: 7830: 7826: 7816: 7814: 7806: 7805: 7801: 7791: 7789: 7781: 7780: 7776: 7766: 7764: 7749: 7748: 7744: 7734: 7732: 7727:. 9 June 2016. 7719: 7718: 7714: 7704: 7702: 7689: 7688: 7684: 7675: 7673: 7666:BBC News Online 7658: 7657: 7653: 7643: 7641: 7628: 7627: 7623: 7613: 7611: 7603: 7602: 7598: 7589: 7588: 7584: 7574: 7572: 7563: 7562: 7558: 7548: 7546: 7537: 7536: 7532: 7520:Wayback Machine 7510: 7506: 7496: 7494: 7486: 7485: 7481: 7468: 7467: 7463: 7453: 7451: 7443: 7442: 7438: 7428: 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5793:Wayback Machine 5782:About St Helena 5780: 5773: 5764: 5762: 5753: 5752: 5745: 5736: 5734: 5723: 5722: 5718: 5709: 5707: 5696: 5695: 5691: 5686:Wayback Machine 5677: 5673: 5663: 5661: 5658:The Independent 5649: 5645: 5635: 5633: 5621: 5617: 5607: 5605: 5595: 5591: 5581: 5579: 5570: 5569: 5565: 5552: 5551: 5547: 5537: 5535: 5531: 5530: 5526: 5518: 5514: 5507: 5491: 5487: 5479: 5475: 5466: 5462: 5450: 5443: 5435:on 6 May 2013. 5427: 5426: 5422: 5415: 5401: 5397: 5387: 5385: 5377: 5376: 5372: 5367: 5363: 5350: 5349: 5345: 5335: 5333: 5315: 5311: 5289: 5285: 5280:Wayback Machine 5271: 5267: 5257: 5255: 5250: 5249: 5238: 5228: 5226: 5221: 5220: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5184: 5159: 5149: 5147: 5143: 5137: 5133: 5123: 5121: 5120:on 16 July 2012 5112: 5111: 5107: 5078: 5061: 5053: 5049: 5008: 5004: 4992: 4986: 4982: 4970: 4964: 4960: 4953: 4939: 4935: 4922: 4918: 4908: 4904: 4896: 4892: 4885: 4881: 4872: 4868: 4863:Wayback Machine 4854: 4850: 4840: 4838: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4819: 4815: 4810: 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2509: 2507: 2500: 2494: 2487: 2477: 2476: 2471: 2464: 2458: 2451: 2428: 2419: 2350: 2234: 2228: 2223: 1897: 1871: 1857: 1829: 1823: 1730:, has the same 1693: 1660: 1539: 1537:1981 to present 1518:From 1958, the 1497:First World War 1459:R. A. Sterndale 1401: 1390: 1384: 1381: 1338: 1336: 1326: 1314: 1303: 1269: 1257:Balcombe family 1253:Briars pavilion 1226: 1201: 1045:Oliver Cromwell 1037: 1021: 1015: 953: 878:Estêvão da Gama 838:, commanded by 817: 812: 806: 773:enroute to the 695: 686: 685: 666: 648: 627: 621: 603: 599: 577: 507: 493: 483: 458: 443:Stephen Doughty 439: 403: 388: 373: 339: 334: 297: 295: 291: 288: 283: 280: 278: 276: 275: 274: 257:-15.933; -5.717 256: 254: 250: 247: 242: 239: 237: 235: 234: 233: 186: 184: 180:Sovereign state 174: 159: 138: 117: 114: 101: 90: 89: 88: 84: 77: 73: 60: 51: 44: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12741: 12731: 12730: 12728:Prison islands 12725: 12720: 12715: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12695: 12690: 12685: 12680: 12675: 12670: 12621: 12620: 12617: 12616: 12613: 12612: 12602: 12599: 12598: 12595: 12594: 12591: 12590: 12588: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12555: 12550: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12518: 12511: 12506: 12501: 12498:American Samoa 12493: 12491: 12487: 12486: 12484: 12483: 12478: 12471: 12463: 12461: 12457: 12456: 12454: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12426: 12419: 12411: 12409: 12403: 12402: 12400: 12399: 12391: 12389: 12385: 12384: 12382: 12381: 12376: 12371: 12366: 12361: 12356: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12336: 12331: 12326: 12321: 12316: 12311: 12306: 12301: 12296: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12270: 12268: 12264: 12263: 12261: 12260: 12248: 12242: 12241: 12238: 12237: 12235: 12234: 12227: 12224:Norfolk Island 12220: 12215: 12209: 12207: 12201: 12200: 12198: 12197: 12195:United Kingdom 12192: 12185: 12178: 12173: 12165: 12163: 12157: 12156: 12154: 12153: 12146: 12141: 12134: 12129: 12122: 12115: 12112:Sint Eustatius 12108: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12086: 12079: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12057: 12052: 12049:Cayman Islands 12045: 12040: 12033: 12026: 12021: 12016: 12011: 12006: 11998: 11996: 11990: 11989: 11987: 11986: 11978: 11976: 11970: 11969: 11967: 11966: 11954: 11944: 11943: 11941: 11940: 11935: 11929: 11927: 11923: 11922: 11920: 11919: 11914: 11909: 11907:British Empire 11904: 11899: 11893: 11891: 11883: 11882: 11872: 11871: 11861: 11858: 11857: 11850: 11849: 11842: 11835: 11827: 11818: 11817: 11815: 11814: 11804: 11794: 11788: 11782: 11779: 11778: 11775: 11774: 11772: 11771: 11768: 11761: 11751: 11748: 11747: 11745: 11744: 11736: 11728: 11715: 11702: 11694: 11686: 11678: 11669: 11666: 11665: 11655: 11654: 11651: 11650: 11648: 11647: 11640: 11629: 11626: 11625: 11623: 11622: 11614: 11606: 11600: 11594: 11591:Willoughbyland 11588: 11581: 11578: 11577: 11567: 11566: 11563: 11562: 11560: 11559: 11549: 11543: 11536: 11533: 11532: 11528: 11527: 11525: 11524: 11518: 11512: 11505: 11498: 11492: 11485: 11483: 11481: 11480: 11473: 11467: 11461: 11451: 11445: 11439: 11433: 11427: 11421: 11415: 11407: 11401: 11391: 11385: 11379: 11373: 11363: 11356: 11353: 11352: 11349: 11343: 11340: 11339: 11334: 11333: 11326: 11319: 11311: 11304: 11303: 11300: 11299: 11297: 11296: 11290: 11284: 11283: 11282: 11270: 11264: 11258: 11254:Virgin Islands 11250: 11244: 11236: 11230: 11224: 11221:South Carolina 11218: 11212: 11205: 11198: 11191: 11185: 11179: 11173: 11167: 11157: 11151: 11145: 11139: 11133: 11127: 11121: 11118:North Carolina 11115: 11109: 11103: 11097: 11091: 11085: 11079: 11073: 11067: 11061: 11055: 11052:Mosquito Coast 11049: 11041: 11035: 11034: 11033: 11021: 11015: 11008: 11002: 10996: 10990: 10984: 10981:Oregon Country 10974: 10970:Cayman Islands 10966: 10960: 10959: 10958: 10952: 10946: 10940: 10928: 10921: 10915: 10909: 10903: 10902: 10901: 10890: 10884: 10876: 10869: 10863: 10857: 10850: 10843: 10836: 10827: 10824: 10823: 10813: 10812: 10809: 10808: 10806: 10805: 10799: 10790: 10775: 10772: 10771: 10769: 10768: 10762: 10759:Trucial States 10756: 10750: 10744: 10738: 10732: 10731: 10730: 10718: 10712: 10706: 10700: 10694: 10693: 10692: 10680: 10674: 10668: 10662: 10656: 10655: 10654: 10648: 10642: 10636: 10624: 10618: 10612: 10606: 10600: 10594: 10588: 10582: 10576: 10570: 10554: 10548: 10542: 10536: 10526: 10520: 10519: 10518: 10506: 10499: 10496: 10495: 10485: 10484: 10481: 10480: 10478: 10477: 10471: 10452:Self-governing 10449: 10435: 10428: 10425: 10424: 10422: 10421: 10415: 10409: 10403: 10395: 10389: 10383: 10377: 10371: 10365: 10359: 10353: 10347: 10341: 10335: 10329: 10321: 10315: 10309: 10303: 10297: 10291: 10285: 10279: 10273: 10267: 10261: 10255: 10245: 10239: 10233: 10227: 10224:Central Africa 10221: 10215: 10209: 10203: 10193: 10183: 10174: 10171: 10170: 10160: 10159: 10156: 10155: 10153: 10152: 10146: 10145: 10144: 10138: 10129: 10128: 10127: 10112: 10109:Ionian Islands 10106: 10100: 10092: 10086: 10080: 10067: 10064: 10063: 10053: 10052: 10050: 10049: 10043: 10037: 10032: 10029: 10023: 10020: 10019: 10012:British Empire 10007: 10006: 9999: 9992: 9984: 9975: 9974: 9972: 9971: 9965: 9963: 9959: 9958: 9956: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9944: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9923: 9918: 9916:Potato Patches 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9896:Island Council 9893: 9887: 9885: 9879: 9878: 9876: 9875: 9873:Green Mountain 9870: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9833:Island Council 9830: 9824: 9822: 9816: 9815: 9813: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9740:Chief Minister 9737: 9731: 9729: 9723: 9722: 9716: 9713: 9712: 9705: 9704: 9697: 9690: 9682: 9676: 9675: 9670: 9653: 9636: 9620: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9581: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9549: 9544: 9537: 9536:External links 9534: 9533: 9532: 9529:Deutsche Welle 9515: 9514: 9509: 9508: 9494: 9480: 9473: 9460: 9446: 9439: 9432: 9425: 9418: 9404: 9398: 9383: 9376: 9369: 9355: 9348: 9341: 9333: 9322:Gosse, Philip 9320: 9306: 9292: 9278: 9271: 9266:Denholm, Ken, 9264: 9257: 9243: 9230: 9223: 9204: 9186: 9173: 9161:Bruce, I. T., 9159: 9152: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9129: 9128: 9103: 9082: 9051: 9025: 9018: 8998: 8991: 8971: 8953: 8946: 8926: 8912: 8886: 8867: 8842: 8823: 8807: 8785: 8758: 8726: 8700: 8670: 8644: 8618: 8592: 8566: 8541: 8519: 8490: 8461: 8436: 8412: 8386: 8356: 8326: 8304: 8278: 8252: 8227: 8201: 8180: 8159: 8138: 8108: 8097:on 31 May 2013 8071: 8020: 7994: 7968: 7946: 7915: 7888: 7862: 7841: 7824: 7799: 7774: 7742: 7712: 7682: 7651: 7621: 7596: 7582: 7556: 7530: 7504: 7479: 7461: 7436: 7411: 7390: 7369: 7348: 7324: 7306: 7285: 7257: 7246:. 28 July 2019 7235: 7207: 7189: 7156: 7145:. 2 March 2021 7134: 7107: 7082: 7050: 7023: 7006: 6992: 6975: 6958: 6935: 6905: 6875: 6850: 6824: 6794: 6766: 6740: 6714: 6701: 6688: 6662: 6636: 6627: 6609: 6583: 6554: 6535: 6517: 6499: 6473: 6447: 6417: 6387: 6355: 6329: 6297: 6265: 6233: 6207: 6181: 6149: 6137: 6111: 6084: 6054: 6045: 6033: 6005: 5982: 5968: 5951: 5914: 5879: 5853: 5832:"Constitution" 5823: 5814: 5796: 5771: 5743: 5716: 5689: 5671: 5643: 5615: 5589: 5563: 5545: 5524: 5512: 5505: 5485: 5473: 5460: 5441: 5420: 5413: 5395: 5370: 5361: 5343: 5309: 5294:, ed. (1968). 5283: 5265: 5236: 5199: 5157: 5131: 5105: 5059: 5047: 5026:10.1086/390001 5002: 4980: 4958: 4951: 4933: 4916: 4902: 4890: 4879: 4866: 4848: 4822: 4813: 4804: 4793: 4779: 4768: 4757: 4746: 4737: 4726: 4715: 4704: 4693: 4682: 4671: 4640: 4629: 4603: 4592:"Saint Helena" 4583: 4576: 4541: 4511: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4434: 4418: 4415: 4401:, a suburb of 4395: 4392: 4391: 4390: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4373: 4357: 4344: 4338: 4332: 4326: 4319:William Bailey 4316: 4306: 4297: 4291: 4285: 4275: 4250: 4249:Notable people 4247: 4231: 4228: 4187: 4184: 4159:Main article: 4148: 4145: 4141:Jacob's Ladder 4115:African region 4079: 4076: 4068: 4067: 4066: 4065: 4062: 4054: 4052: 4051: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4020: 4019: 4018: 4017: 4014: 4011: 3980: 3979: 3975: 3972: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3925: 3922: 3914: 3911: 3898: 3895: 3878: 3875: 3836: 3833: 3815:satellite dish 3806: 3803: 3754: 3751: 3723: 3720: 3638: 3635: 3579: 3576: 3564:Main article: 3561: 3558: 3553:grid balancing 3520: 3517: 3498: 3495: 3431:Jacob's Ladder 3422: 3419: 3389:pound sterling 3345: 3342: 3323:United Nations 3314: 3311: 3245:digital nomads 3241:remote workers 3204: 3203: 3192:Main article: 3189: 3186: 3142:sanctaehelenae 3005:Main article: 3002: 2999: 2974: 2971: 2965: 2962: 2943:United Nations 2934: 2931: 2922: 2919: 2907:Princess Royal 2883:King George VI 2782:Main article: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2774: 2767: 2760: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2745: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2677: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2638: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2627: 2624: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2585: 2582:Cyril Gunnell 2570: 2567: 2566: 2563: 2562: 2558: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2545:The Lord Ahmad 2538: 2533: 2528: 2522: 2513:Chief Minister 2497:Nigel Phillips 2488: 2483: 2482: 2479: 2478: 2452: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2442: 2439: 2438: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2418: 2415: 2386:(since 1884), 2384:Salvation Army 2380:Roman Catholic 2349: 2346: 2230:Main article: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2212: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2174: 2168: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2106: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2013: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1951: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1920: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1900: 1899: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1856: 1853: 1822: 1819: 1752:United Nations 1689:Main article: 1676:Atlantic Ocean 1659: 1656: 1628:King George VI 1586:St Helena 1558:crown colonies 1538: 1535: 1531:St Helena 1439:Longwood House 1417:South Atlantic 1403: 1402: 1344:"Saint Helena" 1317: 1315: 1308: 1302: 1299: 1285:popularity in 1268: 1265: 1261:Longwood House 1200: 1197: 1017:Main article: 1014: 1011: 999:Dutch Republic 975:, acting as a 952: 949: 941:Gaspar Correia 902: 901: 870: 816: 813: 808:Main article: 805: 802: 783:United Kingdom 745:Rio de Janeiro 591: 590: 585: 579: 578: 576: 575: 570: 564: 562: 556: 555: 550: 544: 543: 540: 534: 533: 523: 517: 516: 505:Pound sterling 502: 498: 497: 494: 492:• Density 491: 488: 487: 484: 481: 478: 477: 471: 470: 467: 463: 462: 459: 456: 453: 452: 446: 445: 440: 434: 431: 430: 424: 423: 418: 414: 413: 410: 409: 404: 401:Chief Minister 398: 395: 394: 392:Nigel Phillips 389: 383: 380: 379: 374: 368: 365: 364: 361: 360: 352:parliamentary 347: 341: 340: 338: 337: 331: 328: 327:Saint Helenian 324: 322: 316: 315: 310: 306: 305: 269: 265: 264: 228: 224: 223: 220: 214: 213: 210: 204: 203: 200: 196: 195: 193:United Kingdom 182: 176: 175: 172:Atlantic Ocean 169: 161: 160: 157: 149: 148: 140: 139: 115: 103: 102: 99: 92: 91: 78: 67: 66: 65: 62: 61: 56: 53: 52: 49: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12740: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12694: 12691: 12689: 12686: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12665: 12663: 12656: 12653: 12609: 12605: 12600: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12575: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12549: 12548: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12516: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12499: 12495: 12494: 12492: 12488: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12476: 12472: 12470: 12469: 12465: 12464: 12462: 12458: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12431: 12427: 12425: 12424: 12420: 12418: 12417: 12413: 12412: 12410: 12408: 12404: 12398: 12397: 12393: 12392: 12390: 12386: 12380: 12377: 12375: 12372: 12370: 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12322: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12302: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12271: 12269: 12265: 12259: 12256: 12255: 12252: 12249: 12243: 12233: 12232: 12228: 12226: 12225: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12210: 12208: 12206: 12202: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12190: 12186: 12184: 12183: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12171: 12167: 12166: 12164: 12162: 12158: 12152: 12151: 12147: 12145: 12144:United States 12142: 12140: 12139: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12127: 12123: 12121: 12120: 12116: 12114: 12113: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12091: 12087: 12085: 12084: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12062: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12050: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12039: 12038: 12034: 12032: 12031: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12005: 12004: 12000: 11999: 11997: 11995: 11991: 11985: 11984: 11980: 11979: 11977: 11975: 11971: 11965: 11962: 11961: 11958: 11955: 11949: 11945: 11939: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11930: 11928: 11924: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11894: 11892: 11888: 11884: 11880:Further links 11877: 11873: 11859: 11855: 11848: 11843: 11841: 11836: 11834: 11829: 11828: 11825: 11813: 11809: 11805: 11803: 11795: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11783: 11780: 11769: 11766: 11762: 11759: 11758: 11753: 11752: 11749: 11742: 11741: 11737: 11734: 11733: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11703: 11700: 11699: 11695: 11692: 11691: 11687: 11684: 11683: 11679: 11676: 11675: 11671: 11670: 11667: 11660: 11656: 11645: 11644:Falklands War 11641: 11639: 11635: 11631: 11630: 11627: 11620: 11619: 11615: 11612: 11611: 11607: 11604: 11601: 11598: 11595: 11592: 11589: 11586: 11583: 11582: 11579: 11575:South America 11572: 11568: 11558: 11554: 11550: 11548: 11544: 11542: 11538: 11537: 11534: 11522: 11519: 11516: 11513: 11510: 11506: 11503: 11499: 11496: 11493: 11490: 11487: 11486: 11484: 11478: 11474: 11471: 11468: 11465: 11464:Union Islands 11462: 11459: 11455: 11452: 11449: 11446: 11443: 11440: 11437: 11434: 11431: 11428: 11425: 11422: 11419: 11416: 11413: 11412: 11408: 11405: 11402: 11399: 11395: 11392: 11389: 11386: 11383: 11380: 11377: 11374: 11371: 11367: 11364: 11361: 11358: 11357: 11355: 11354: 11350: 11347: 11346: 11341: 11332: 11327: 11325: 11320: 11318: 11313: 11312: 11309: 11305: 11294: 11291: 11288: 11285: 11280: 11277: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11268: 11265: 11262: 11259: 11256: 11255: 11251: 11248: 11245: 11242: 11241: 11237: 11234: 11231: 11228: 11225: 11222: 11219: 11216: 11213: 11210: 11206: 11203: 11199: 11196: 11192: 11189: 11186: 11183: 11180: 11177: 11176:Rupert's Land 11174: 11171: 11168: 11165: 11161: 11158: 11155: 11152: 11149: 11146: 11143: 11140: 11137: 11136:Paulet affair 11134: 11131: 11128: 11125: 11122: 11119: 11116: 11113: 11110: 11107: 11104: 11101: 11098: 11095: 11092: 11089: 11086: 11083: 11082:New Hampshire 11080: 11077: 11074: 11071: 11070:New Brunswick 11068: 11065: 11062: 11059: 11056: 11053: 11050: 11047: 11046: 11042: 11039: 11036: 11031: 11028: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11019: 11016: 11013: 11009: 11006: 11003: 11000: 10997: 10994: 10991: 10988: 10985: 10982: 10978: 10975: 10972: 10971: 10967: 10964: 10961: 10956: 10953: 10950: 10947: 10944: 10941: 10938: 10935: 10934: 10933: 10929: 10926: 10922: 10919: 10916: 10913: 10910: 10907: 10904: 10900: 10897: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10888: 10885: 10882: 10881: 10877: 10874: 10870: 10867: 10864: 10861: 10858: 10855: 10851: 10848: 10844: 10841: 10837: 10834: 10833: 10829: 10828: 10825: 10821:North America 10818: 10814: 10804: 10800: 10798: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10785: 10781: 10777: 10776: 10773: 10766: 10763: 10760: 10757: 10754: 10751: 10748: 10745: 10742: 10741:South Vietnam 10739: 10736: 10733: 10728: 10725: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10716: 10713: 10710: 10707: 10704: 10701: 10698: 10695: 10690: 10687: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10678: 10675: 10672: 10669: 10666: 10663: 10660: 10657: 10652: 10649: 10646: 10643: 10640: 10637: 10634: 10631: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10622: 10619: 10616: 10613: 10610: 10607: 10604: 10601: 10598: 10595: 10592: 10589: 10586: 10583: 10580: 10577: 10574: 10571: 10568: 10564: 10560: 10559: 10555: 10552: 10549: 10546: 10543: 10540: 10537: 10534: 10530: 10527: 10524: 10521: 10516: 10513: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10504: 10501: 10500: 10497: 10490: 10486: 10476: 10472: 10469: 10465: 10461: 10457: 10453: 10450: 10447: 10443: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10430: 10429: 10426: 10419: 10416: 10413: 10410: 10407: 10404: 10401: 10400: 10396: 10393: 10390: 10387: 10384: 10381: 10378: 10375: 10372: 10369: 10366: 10363: 10360: 10357: 10354: 10351: 10348: 10345: 10342: 10339: 10336: 10333: 10330: 10327: 10326: 10322: 10319: 10316: 10313: 10310: 10307: 10304: 10301: 10298: 10295: 10292: 10289: 10286: 10283: 10280: 10277: 10274: 10271: 10268: 10265: 10262: 10259: 10256: 10253: 10249: 10246: 10243: 10240: 10237: 10234: 10231: 10228: 10225: 10222: 10219: 10216: 10213: 10210: 10207: 10204: 10201: 10197: 10194: 10191: 10187: 10184: 10181: 10180: 10176: 10175: 10172: 10165: 10161: 10150: 10147: 10142: 10139: 10136: 10133: 10132: 10130: 10125: 10122: 10121: 10116: 10113: 10110: 10107: 10104: 10101: 10098: 10097: 10093: 10090: 10087: 10084: 10081: 10078: 10074: 10073: 10069: 10068: 10065: 10058: 10054: 10048: 10044: 10042: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10030: 10025: 10024: 10021: 10017: 10013: 10005: 10000: 9998: 9993: 9991: 9986: 9985: 9982: 9970: 9967: 9966: 9964: 9960: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9936:Middle Island 9934: 9932: 9929: 9928: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9888: 9886: 9884: 9880: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9825: 9823: 9821: 9817: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9770:Barren Ground 9768: 9766: 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April 2020. 7320: 7316: 7310: 7302: 7295: 7289: 7273: 7272: 7267: 7261: 7245: 7239: 7228: 7224: 7217: 7211: 7203: 7199: 7193: 7178: 7177: 7172: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7144: 7138: 7122: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7095: 7089: 7087: 7070: 7066: 7065: 7060: 7054: 7039: 7035: 7034: 7027: 7016: 7010: 7002: 6996: 6985: 6979: 6968: 6962: 6954: 6950: 6946: 6939: 6923: 6919: 6915: 6909: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6879: 6864: 6860: 6854: 6838: 6834: 6828: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6798: 6779: 6773: 6771: 6754: 6750: 6744: 6728: 6724: 6718: 6712: 6705: 6699: 6692: 6676: 6672: 6666: 6651:. 11 May 2016 6650: 6649:HowStuffWorks 6646: 6640: 6631: 6623: 6619: 6613: 6597: 6593: 6587: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6558: 6550: 6546: 6539: 6531: 6527: 6521: 6513: 6509: 6503: 6488: 6484: 6477: 6461: 6457: 6451: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6421: 6405: 6401: 6400:Press Gazette 6397: 6391: 6372: 6365: 6359: 6343: 6339: 6333: 6317: 6313: 6312: 6307: 6301: 6285: 6281: 6280: 6275: 6269: 6253: 6249: 6248: 6243: 6237: 6221: 6217: 6211: 6195: 6191: 6185: 6166: 6159: 6153: 6146: 6141: 6125: 6121: 6115: 6098: 6094: 6088: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6058: 6049: 6043: 6037: 6022: 6021: 6016: 6009: 6003:, 22 May 2002 6002: 5998: 5994: 5991: 5986: 5978: 5972: 5961: 5955: 5936: 5929: 5928: 5921: 5919: 5899: 5892: 5886: 5884: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5827: 5818: 5810: 5806: 5800: 5794: 5790: 5787: 5783: 5778: 5776: 5760: 5756: 5750: 5748: 5732: 5728: 5727: 5720: 5705: 5701: 5700: 5699:Bird Watching 5693: 5687: 5683: 5680: 5675: 5660: 5659: 5654: 5647: 5632: 5631: 5626: 5619: 5604: 5600: 5593: 5577: 5573: 5567: 5559: 5555: 5549: 5534: 5528: 5522: 5516: 5508: 5502: 5498: 5497: 5489: 5483: 5477: 5470: 5464: 5457: 5453: 5452:Richard Grove 5448: 5446: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5424: 5416: 5410: 5406: 5399: 5384: 5380: 5374: 5365: 5357: 5353: 5347: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5313: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5287: 5281: 5277: 5274: 5269: 5253: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5224: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5188: 5182: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5142: 5135: 5119: 5115: 5109: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5084: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5056: 5051: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5020:(4): 357–91. 5019: 5015: 5014: 5006: 4998: 4991: 4984: 4976: 4969: 4962: 4954: 4948: 4944: 4937: 4929: 4928: 4920: 4913: 4906: 4900: 4894: 4888: 4883: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4860: 4857: 4852: 4836: 4832: 4826: 4817: 4808: 4802: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4783: 4777: 4772: 4766: 4761: 4755: 4750: 4741: 4735: 4730: 4724: 4719: 4713: 4708: 4702: 4697: 4691: 4686: 4680: 4675: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4644: 4638: 4633: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4587: 4579: 4573: 4569: 4568: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4550:Jones, Daniel 4545: 4526: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4508: 4504: 4501: 4496: 4494: 4489: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4446: 4435: 4432: 4431:Africa portal 4421: 4414: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4388: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4372: 4361: 4358: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4311:(1818–1900), 4310: 4307: 4305: 4301: 4298: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4259: 4255: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4216: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4194: 4183: 4181: 4177: 4172: 4168: 4162: 4153: 4144: 4142: 4137: 4135: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4121:in 2012. The 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4089: 4084: 4075: 4073: 4063: 4060: 4059: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4026: 4025: 4022: 4021: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4008: 4007: 4004: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3989: 3985: 3984:special needs 3976: 3973: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3958: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3931: 3920: 3910: 3908: 3904: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3874: 3873:used is ZD7. 3872: 3868: 3867:amateur radio 3863: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3848: 3846: 3845:news bulletin 3842: 3832: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3802: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3784: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3760: 3750: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3719: 3717: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3693: 3688: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3647: 3643: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3624: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3611: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3591: 3590: 3584: 3575: 3573: 3567: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3545: 3542: 3538: 3537:wind turbines 3534: 3530: 3526: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3506: 3502: 3494: 3490: 3488: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3473: 3471: 3470: 3464: 3460: 3458: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3442: 3441: 3432: 3427: 3418: 3416: 3411: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3396: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3381: 3379: 3375: 3367: 3366:copper-nickel 3362: 3355: 3350: 3341: 3337: 3335: 3330: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3295: 3293: 3287: 3285: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3272: 3271: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3248: 3246: 3242: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3227:rating agency 3224: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3201: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3176: 3173: 3169: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3140: 3135: 3133: 3132: 3126: 3122: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3107: 3101: 3097: 3095: 3094:Rolf Weijburg 3091: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3049: 3048: 3042: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3008: 2998: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2970: 2961: 2959: 2958: 2952: 2950: 2946: 2944: 2940: 2930: 2927: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2903:Prince Andrew 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2878: 2876: 2875:Coleman House 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2839: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2815: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2785: 2773: 2768: 2766: 2761: 2759: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2750: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2737: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2675: 2674: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2647: 2640: 2639: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2609: 2608: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2575: 2574: 2565: 2564: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2508: 2506: 2505: 2499: 2498: 2493: 2492: 2486: 2481: 2480: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2469: 2468:Heir Apparent 2463: 2462: 2457: 2456: 2450: 2445: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2358: 2354: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2329: 2327: 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1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1692: 1683: 1677: 1674:in the South 1673: 1669: 1664: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1636:Prince Philip 1633: 1629: 1625: 1624:Princess Anne 1621: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1581: 1580:Prince Andrew 1576: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1547: 1543: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1514: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1466: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1455:Joshua Slocum 1451: 1447: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1399: 1396: 1388: 1377: 1374: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1360: 1356: 1353: 1349: 1346: – 1345: 1341: 1340:Find sources: 1334: 1330: 1324: 1323: 1318:This section 1316: 1312: 1307: 1306: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1288: 1283: 1282: 1278: 1275: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1243: 1239: 1236:, his second 1235: 1231: 1225: 1216: 1209: 1205: 1196: 1192: 1190: 1189: 1183: 1179: 1177: 1172: 1171:East Indiamen 1168: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1136:Edmond Halley 1133: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1117: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1102: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1092:King James II 1089: 1085: 1081: 1080:royal charter 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1033:, engraving, 1032: 1031: 1025: 1020: 1010: 1008: 1004: 1000: 995: 993: 989: 985: 980: 978: 974: 973:Francis Drake 970: 965: 963: 959: 948: 946: 942: 937: 933: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 906: 899: 895: 891: 886: 883: 879: 875: 874:Fourth Armada 871: 868: 865:(shown as an 864: 860: 856: 855: 854: 851: 849: 845: 841: 837: 829: 825: 821: 811: 801: 799: 795: 790: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 763: 761: 757: 753: 752: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 725: 723: 719: 713: 689: 681: 597: 589: 586: 584: 580: 574: 571: 569: 566: 565: 563: 561: 560:ISO 3166 code 557: 554: 551: 549: 545: 541: 539: 535: 531: 527: 524: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 503: 499: 495: 489: 485: 479: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 454: 451: 447: 444: 441: 438: 432: 429: 425: 422: 419: 415: 411: 408: 405: 402: 396: 393: 390: 387: 381: 378: 375: 372: 366: 362: 359: 355: 351: 348: 346: 342: 332: 329: 326: 325: 323: 321: 317: 314: 311: 307: 302: 273: 270: 266: 261: 232: 229: 225: 221: 219: 215: 212:22 April 1834 211: 209: 205: 201: 197: 194: 183: 181: 177: 173: 167: 162: 155: 150: 146: 141: 112: 108: 104: 97: 93: 87: 82: 76: 71: 63: 59: 54: 47: 41: 37: 33: 19: 12668:Saint Helena 12625: 12607: 12604:Dependencies 12572: 12545: 12513: 12504:Cook Islands 12496: 12473: 12466: 12428: 12421: 12414: 12394: 12349:South Africa 12339:Sierra Leone 12257: 12229: 12222: 12187: 12180: 12168: 12148: 12136: 12124: 12119:Sint Maarten 12117: 12110: 12088: 12081: 12059: 12047: 12035: 12028: 12001: 11981: 11963: 11755: 11738: 11730: 11696: 11688: 11680: 11674:Saint Helena 11673: 11672: 11616: 11608: 11458:Cook Islands 11409: 11382:New Hebrides 11351:20th century 11267:West Florida 11252: 11238: 11170:Rhode Island 11148:Pennsylvania 11106:Newfoundland 11043: 10968: 10918:East Florida 10889:16th c.–1880 10878: 10830: 10727:Crown Colony 10715:Pulo Condore 10689:Crown Colony 10683:North Borneo 10556: 10515:Protectorate 10464:unrecognised 10458:in 1965 (as 10397: 10350:South Africa 10338:Sierra Leone 10325:Saint Helena 10324: 10323: 10318:Orange River 10196:Bechuanaland 10177: 10135:Protectorate 10094: 10070: 10034: 10014:and Current 9969:Constitution 9948:Gough Island 9906:Coat of arms 9843:Coat of arms 9800:Saint Paul's 9765:Alarm Forest 9755:Coat of arms 9727:Saint Helena 9726: 9646: 9629: 9605: 9497: 9483: 9476: 9463: 9449: 9448:Shine, Ian, 9442: 9435: 9428: 9421: 9407: 9401: 9386: 9379: 9372: 9358: 9351: 9344: 9336: 9323: 9309: 9295: 9281: 9274: 9267: 9260: 9246: 9233: 9232:Cross, Tony 9226: 9219: 9211: 9207: 9193: 9189: 9176: 9162: 9155: 9141: 9119:. 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See also 2291:West Indies 1893:Population 1851:districts. 1748:West Africa 1513:Post Office 1482:Piet Cronjé 1413:trade winds 1248:Bellerophon 1144:observatory 1064:Restoration 1038: 1790 992:plantations 918:Reformation 885:Thomé Lopes 867:archipelago 720:, a remote 417:Legislature 377:Charles III 296: / 255: / 12662:Categories 12531:Micronesia 12344:Somaliland 12289:The Gambia 12083:Montserrat 11743:since 1908 11735:since 1908 11701:since 1833 11693:since 1816 11685:since 1815 11677:since 1658 11634:department 11621:since 1908 11613:since 1833 11414:since 1838 11394:Swan River 11388:Queensland 11275:1958–1962 11257:since 1666 11243:since 1799 11094:New Jersey 11064:New Albion 11048:since 1632 11045:Montserrat 11026:1629–1691 10973:since 1670 10895:1858–1866 10883:since 1619 10835:since 1650 10788:Bangladesh 10723:1841–1946 10685:1882–1963 10651:Federation 10629:1819–1826 10567:Seychelles 10511:1839–1842 10402:since 1816 10386:Tanganyika 10344:Somaliland 10332:Seychelles 10328:since 1658 10248:Gold Coast 10242:The Gambia 10186:Basutoland 10182:since 1815 10124:Free State 10117:1542–1800 10103:Heligoland 10099:since 1713 9848:Georgetown 9318:0189948922 9096:2 December 8800:17 January 8719:17 January 8663:17 January 8637:17 January 8611:17 January 8585:17 January 8559:17 January 8534:17 January 8512:17 January 8483:17 January 8405:17 January 8379:7 February 8349:7 February 8287:"Archives" 8168:"Saint FM" 7904:. 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Artist 3074:, in the 2979:Jamestown 2693:(capital) 2690:Jamestown 2612:Judiciary 2449:The Crown 2342:Wiltshire 2295:Cape Town 2252:Jamestown 2241:Jamestown 2114:Sandy Bay 2110:Sandy Bay 2052:Levelwood 2048:Levelwood 2021:Jamestown 2017:Jamestown 1955:Blue Hill 1884:District 1849:Blue Hill 1837:Jamestown 1732:longitude 1705:Moçâmedes 1658:Geography 1595:Cape Town 1578:In 1989, 1524:Avonmouth 1281:St Helena 1246:HMS 1188:Endeavour 1186:HMS 1107:Mauritius 1084:Jamestown 1043:In 1657, 977:privateer 926:Jerusalem 882:scrivener 815:Discovery 800:in 1815. 751:St Helena 526:UTC±00:00 521:Time zone 284:5°43′12″W 281:15°56′0″S 231:Jamestown 18:St Helena 12521:Kiribati 12441:Pakistan 12388:Americas 12379:Zimbabwe 12364:Tanzania 12284:Eswatini 12279:Cameroon 12274:Botswana 12170:Guernsey 12055:Dominica 12019:Barbados 12003:Anguilla 11994:Americas 11890:Articles 11802:Category 11638:Colombia 11553:Kiribati 11430:Victoria 11370:Tasmania 11261:Virginia 11227:Stickeen 11215:Saybrook 11154:Plymouth 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