728:
153:
140:
22:
114:
555:. His diagnosis emphasized the form of the spores, which he described as minute, sub-opaque, ovate, and agglomerated into subconcentric, water-soluble irregular clusters. He noted that the fungus adheres to paper, sometimes forming circles dotted with black.
1001:
Andersen B, Nielsen KF, Thrane U, Szaro T, Taylor JW, Jarvis BB (2003). "Molecular and phenotypic descriptions of
Stachybotrys chlorohalonata sp. nov. and two chemotypes of Stachybotrys chartarum found in water-damaged buildings".
673:
produce mycotoxins, and under certain conditions some of these may gradually lose the ability to produce such toxins. The presence of high indoor humidity does not imply that mycotoxin-producing
1251:
Pestka JJ, Yike I, Dearborn DG, Ward MD, Harkema JR (July 2008). "Stachybotrys chartarum, trichothecene mycotoxins, and damp building-related illness: new insights into a public health enigma".
630:
is a slow-growing mold that does not compete well with other molds. It is only rarely found in nature, sometimes being found in soil and grain, but is most often detected in
1800:
662:. The spores are released into the air when the mold is mechanically disturbed, particularly when wet. It is considered an uncommon contaminant of most
32:
708:
spores. A subsequent review done by the CDC found the previous investigation incorrectly analyzed data, and there was no evidence directly linking
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Claims of health problems in humans and animals related to this mold have been made since the 1930s. More recently,
51:
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1659:
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1605:
1424:
1327:"Stachybotrys chartarum-A Hidden Treasure: Secondary Metabolites, Bioactivities, and Biotechnological Relevance"
892:
139:
1587:
546:
264:
529:
has been inappropriately referred to as toxic mold. A variety of health problems have been misattributed to
1282:"Update on Stachybotrys chartarum-Black Mold Perceived as Toxigenic and Potentially Pathogenic to Humans"
697:
152:
936:
570:
593:
has been controversial, as several studies showed that there were several closely related species and
1805:
1790:
1767:
1664:
1615:
1527:
1128:"Acute pulmonary hemorrhage in infants associated with exposure to Stachybotrys atra and other fungi"
1102:
Medical
Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi, Medicinal Herbs, Plants, and Venomous Animals
40:
770:
86:
574:
316:
1810:
36:
1126:
Etzel RA, Montaña E, Sorenson WG, Kullman GJ, Allan TM, Dearborn DG, et al. (August 1998).
47:
1744:
1566:
1438:
1415:
690:
1100:
1651:
1399:
1167:
Page EH, Trout DB (2001). "The role of
Stachybotrys mycotoxins in building-related illness".
1070:
346:
247:
1641:
908:
Hughes SJ (1958). "Revisiones hyphomycetum aliquot cum appendice de nominibus rejiciendis".
1496:
965:
700:(CDC) asserted that a number of infants in Cleveland, Ohio became sick, and some died from
8:
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806:
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147:
1207:"Update: Pulmonary hemorrhage/hemosiderosis among infants--Cleveland, Ohio, 1993-1996"
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983:
978:
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954:"Taxonomic history and current status of Stachybotrys chartarum and related species"
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693:. However, the link has not been firmly established in the scientific literature.
1691:
1325:
Ibrahim SR, Choudhry H, Asseri AH, Elfaky MA, Mohamed SG, Mohamed GA (May 2022).
594:
586:
194:
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1204:
856:
Chang C, Gershwin ME (December 2019). "The Myth of
Mycotoxins and Mold Injury".
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in a similar cluster of infant AIPH that occurred in
Chicago, Illinois.
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1540:
1343:
741:
515:
184:
50:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
1553:
1280:
Dyląg M, Spychała K, Zielinski J, Łagowski D, Gnat S (February 2022).
1757:
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with large amounts of cellulose, large temperature fluctuations, low
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519:
1390:. New York: The American Phytopathological Society. Archived from
1045:
Samson RA, Houbraken J, Thrane U, Frisvad JC, Andersen B (2010).
639:
1628:
1501:
1205:
Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (March 2000).
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704:(AIPH) following exposure to unusually high levels of
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455:
440:
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National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
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712:to AIPH. This was further supported by a lack of
1782:
1132:Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
1094:
1092:
1420:"Skeptoid #494: Black Mold: Peril or Prosaic?"
46:Please review the contents of the article and
1089:
884:
855:
1408:CDC National Center for Environmental Health
858:Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
1801:Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
1211:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
901:
138:
1352:
1342:
1307:
1297:
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1143:
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747:Mold growth, assessment, and remediation
702:acute idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
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1200:
1198:
1105:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 885.
951:
907:
799:
794:S. Hughes, Can. J. Bot. 36: 812 (1958)
646:buildings. It occasionally encounters
1437:
1436:
934:
680:
1768:f6cdfe99-c329-4663-87b0-9da393f0c907
1616:cd1e2350-8a36-4b36-894e-78812ea40e2a
1072:Black Mold Your Health and Your Home
1057:
824:
807:"Medical Definition of STACHYBOTRYS"
15:
1195:
1051:CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre
938:Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum
849:
13:
1243:
941:. Vol. 1. Prague. p. 21.
634:-rich building materials, such as
14:
1822:
1371:
1075:. The Forager Press. p. 96.
619:and one that produces atranones.
979:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00339.x
726:
433:
151:
112:
20:
1160:
1119:
1038:
897:(in Latin). Berlin. p. 21.
894:Sylvae mycologicae Berolinenses
689:has been linked with so-called
1016:10.1080/15572536.2004.11833031
994:
48:add the appropriate references
1:
757:
547:Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
1400:"Questions & Answers on
1099:Donald G. Barceloux (2012).
1049:. Utrecht, the Netherlands:
573:in 1832 by Czech mycologist
507:stak-ee-BO-tris char-TARE-əm
404:M.Moreau & Moreau (1941)
7:
1378:Nelson BD (November 2001).
719:
698:Centers for Disease Control
642:and wallpaper from damp or
536:
525:Because of misinformation,
33:reliable medical references
10:
1827:
1145:10.1001/archpedi.152.8.757
910:Canadian Journal of Botany
870:10.1007/s12016-019-08767-4
622:
541:The fungus was originally
1675:
1445:
1181:10.1080/15298660108984664
549:as a member of the genus
283:
276:
253:
246:
148:Scientific classification
146:
137:
130:
39:or relies too heavily on
1384:: The Toxic Indoor Mold"
575:August Carl Joseph Corda
569:in 1958. This genus was
543:described scientifically
358:Stachybotrys atrogriseus
62:"Stachybotrys chartarum"
1796:Fungi described in 1818
1299:10.3390/biology11030352
952:Li DW, Yang CS (2005).
1447:Stachybotrys chartarum
1402:Stachybotrys chartarum
1382:Stachybotrys chartarum
1253:Toxicological Sciences
773:Stachybotrys chartarum
691:sick building syndrome
591:Stachybotrys chartarum
428:Stachybotrys chartarum
409:Stachybotrys lobulatus
397:Stachybotrys lobulatus
335:Stachybotrys lobulatus
257:Stachybotrys chartarum
132:Stachybotrys chartarum
1677:Stilbospora chartarum
1418:(November 24, 2015).
1265:10.1093/toxsci/kfm284
1069:Progovitz RF (2003).
1047:Food and Indoor Fungi
891:Ehrenberg CG (1818).
658:, and ample constant
654:, no other molds, no
597:all under this name.
293:Stilbospora chartarum
779:GSD Species Synonymy
608:, one that produces
338:(Berk.) Berk. (1860)
970:2005InAir..15S...5L
669:Not all strains of
343:Stachybotrys scaber
1404:& Other Molds"
1344:10.3390/jof8050504
752:Mold health issues
681:Potential toxicity
518:that produces its
385:Stachybotrys atrus
373:Stachybotrys atrus
324:Sporocybe lobulata
313:Stachybotrys atrus
1778:
1777:
1637:Open Tree of Life
1439:Taxon identifiers
1112:978-1-118-38276-9
1082:978-0-9743943-9-8
1053:. pp. 1–398.
964:(Suppl 9): 5–10.
935:Corda AC (1837).
706:S. chartarum
687:S. chartarum
677:is also present.
675:S. chartarum
617:satratoxin H
579:Stachybotrys atra
424:
423:
301:Oospora chartarum
239:S. chartarum
123:Species of fungus
121:
120:
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1818:
1806:Building biology
1791:Stachybotryaceae
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1593:BMSSYS0000017826
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1331:Journal of Fungi
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1225:. Archived from
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1010:(6): 1227–1238.
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783:Species Fungorum
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729:
581:assigned as its
559:transferred the
522:in slime heads.
514:is a species of
510:, also known as
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771:"Current Name:
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696:In 1994 the US
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595:cryptic species
587:species concept
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1410:. 29 May 2024.
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1394:on 2005-08-28.
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1372:External links
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58:Find sources:
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29:This article
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37:verification
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1549:iNaturalist
1259:(1): 4–26.
788:19 November
552:Stilbospora
545:in 1818 by
516:microfungus
389:brevicaulis
205:Hypocreales
31:needs more
1785:Categories
1337:(5): 504.
1292:(3): 352.
1233:2024-06-26
958:Indoor Air
775:(Ehrenb.)"
758:References
742:Bioaerosol
664:indoor air
613:mycotoxins
602:chemotypes
512:black mold
304:(Ehrenb.)
185:Ascomycota
181:Division:
73:newspapers
1692:Q59579181
1416:Dunning B
1032:203881222
1004:Mycologia
632:cellulose
377:lobulatus
233:Species:
171:Kingdom:
165:Eukaryota
1753:MycoBank
1745:10650451
1706:60020662
1701:AusFungi
1686:Wikidata
1575:MycoBank
1567:11443442
1523:Fungorum
1476:60020659
1471:AusFungi
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988:15910524
878:31608429
816:2 August
720:See also
660:humidity
656:sunlight
652:nitrogen
615:such as
537:Taxonomy
278:Synonyms
269:S.Hughes
211:Family:
161:Domain:
1732:2562190
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1286:Biology
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577:, with
520:conidia
265:Ehrenb.
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201:Order:
191:Class:
87:scholar
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1028:S2CID
561:taxon
411:var.
399:var.
387:var.
362:Ellis
347:Cooke
328:Berk.
317:Corda
175:Fungi
94:JSTOR
80:books
1727:GBIF
1624:OBIS
1601:NCBI
1536:GBIF
1510:EPPO
1359:PMID
1314:PMID
1269:PMID
1219:PMID
1185:PMID
1150:PMID
1107:ISBN
1077:ISBN
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984:PMID
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843:2024
818:2024
790:2022
287:List
66:news
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1714:CoL
1588:NBN
1497:EoL
1484:CoL
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1339:doi
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