349:
65:
734:
1198:
1290:
1296:
161:
146:
540:
37:
415:. In local parlance some of those systems are referred to as "U-Bahn", especially when talking about tunnel sections. However, this somewhat misleading terminology is only officially used in Frankfurt am Main which calls its Stadtbahn "Frankfurt U-Bahn". Official documents and specialist publications or
628:) and the 'Tram' logo are used on city maps (to indicate the location of stops) and on railway station signage (to indicate connections). The 'U' Logo is normally used both where stops or stations are underground and where they serve 'second-level' pre-metro type lines. In cities which prefix all their
340:
again. In
Nuremberg and Munich the plans to shut down the tram networks were slowed down – in part due to protests by citizens against losing tram service without adequate replacement – ultimately abandoned and there are now plans for new tram construction in both cities. However, as late as 2011 the
281:
planned expansions of their existing U-Bahn networks, while most West German cities decided to upgrade their tramway networks step by step, linking new 'second level' infrastructure to existing sections. While some cities regarded this solution as an interim step that would lead to a fully separated
258:
Post-World War II transport policies in West German cities aimed for a separation of public and private transport. The conflicts that arose between increasing car usage and the existing tramway systems led to the so-called 'second level' concept for future light rail schemes. This concept focused on
434:
cities' second level plans faced unexpected complications in the form of lengthy construction work, budgetary problems for tunnel projects, and protests against elevated sections. At the same time, the smaller cities which had not started
Stadtbahn plans reassessed their options in relation to their
1010:
When I talk about 'Stadtbahn' in this context, I mean those systems which from the late 1960s started to build underground sections to full metro standard, and with the final goal to converting these to full metro operation (like a pre-metro). As we know, none of them actually achieved this initial
254:
is an underground urban rail network that is used by conventional trams but planned at the outset to be eventually converted into a metro system. A final metro system may or may not be implemented in the end. This concept has the benefit of being cheaper in comparison with constructing a metro from
1077:
Cities such as
Frankfurt and Cologne in West Germany have further developed their tramway system by introducing a concept known as "premetro." In this system trams or light rail vehicles make extensive use of tunnels, reserve track and by utilizing folding steps these vehicles can operate through
222:
lines were converted into an electric light rail system with tram-like two-axle cars (which on line 18G until 1945 switched into the tram network at
Gumpendorfer Strasse station). In the 1970s to 1990s the infrastructure was updated, and the lines were partially relocated: they are now part of the
1046:
But instead of building the entire expensive systems immediately, the
Germans hit on the idea of building only the city centre tunnels at first. Intended in the long run to be extended to full undergrounds, in the short term they could be used by trams which would continue to run on the surface
490:
started an innovative new service, using both heavy and light rail infrastructure, to link the wider region to the city. The vehicles were designed to comply with technical specifications for the (federal) heavy railway and for light rail (communal tramways). Such vehicles are called Dual-System
718:, 84 kilometres (52 mi) away, where a Stadtbahn network was created going out from this line. Both in Karlsruhe and in Heilbronn the Stadtbahn filled both the roles of a classic tramway system as well as an S-Bahn. The Karlsruhe mixed-operation concept was also adopted by the
511:). The difference of this system to other systems where light rail mixes with heavy rail, is that in systems like Cologne-Bonn's the tracks were converted for Stadtbahn use by changing the electrification, while in Karlsruhe the trains were equipped to run on both types of track.
518:
region are differentiated more by the nature of their city-border crossings only, and not by the technical dimension (Dual-System Light Rail
Vehicles). Only those services that extend into the suburbs are called Stadtbahn. They are represented by the 'S' logo that is used for
286:(metro) network independent of other forms of transport, others planned for a lesser degree of separation, one that would accommodate additional tram-like sections in the long run. For both the interim and the long-term based concepts, the following terms came into use
559:(tram) connections: a square containing the word 'Tram'. Although the design is the same nationwide, the colour varies from city to city to match local public transport operators' systems of colour-coding. The logo is part of the 'S logo scheme' initially developed by
328:", stressing their – then-planned and advertised – interim nature. All German cities that had a "true" U-Bahn network had plans to abandon their tramway network at one point or another. In the case of Hamburg, those plans resulted in the shutdown of the
477:
today may not have all of the
Stadtbahn attributes: barrier-free access, higher cruising speed than tramways, doors on both sides of the train, driver's cabs on both ends, higher operating voltage, wider cars with comfortable seats, and so on.
120:
in the central city area. In the first years after the opening of the tunnel sections, often regular trams vehicles (but adapted for tunnel service) were used. These trams were followed by specially designed vehicles like the
442:
East German cities had no 1960s-style
Stadtbahn plans in place, and the fleets and the infrastructure were in need of massive investment and improvement. After the reunification of Germany in 1990, the use of the
1128:
598:
As the new logos became part of the information systems at more and more main railway stations, an increasing number of cities and public transport operators came to accept and adopt the scheme. As far as the
652:
or other names) arose as a result of the harmonisation or integration of railway lines into
Stadtbahn networks. In the area of Cologne–Bonn a single operational system (of so-called above ground lines or
316:. An older term already used in the 1920s is "Unterpflasterbahn" ('sub-pavement train'); this term has fallen almost entirely out of use by the 21st century. In French-speaking regions (particularly
66:
427:
By the 1980s conventional tramways had been seen by decision-makers as overloaded systems for more than two decades. However, public attention focused on them at this time for two reasons.
125:
series. By the 1980s virtually all cities had abandoned the long-term goal of establishing a full-scale metro system due to the excessive costs associated with converting the tramways. Most
336:
was shut down in 1967 while the plans to shut down the system in East Berlin were reversed and ultimately the tram network started expanding again in the last years of East
Germany; it now
129:
systems are now a mixture of tramway-like operations in suburban and peripheral areas and a more metro-like mode of operation in city centres, with underground stations. This 20th century
463:
have any significant tunnel or elevated sections or plans to build any. In their case separation from road traffic is achieved by giving the trams their own right of way on the surface.
1164:
1129:
https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/alpha-demokratie-weltweit/der-lange-weg-zur-verkehrswende/ard-alpha/Y3JpZDovL2JyLmRlL3ZpZGVvLzdhNGU1ZGI1LWM5MjktNGZjMS05OGY2LTgxOWQ5OWRmNzM1Mw
1186:
856:
systems, as long as they are not mainline rail. However, all U-Bahn systems in Germany are likewise regulated by BOStrab. In some systems, the Stadtbahn also operates on
674:
1829:
934:
1140:
495:" service. In other regions, stimulated by the Karlsruhe example and planning to copy it, other terms are in use: Stadt-Umland-Bahn (city-to-region railway, e.g.
2402:
435:
existing tram systems. Furthermore, relocating public transit or even pedestrians underground increasingly got a negative reputation and the concept of the
2344:
696:
933:(EBO) ('Ordinance on the Construction and Operation of Railways'), while Stadtbahn systems are usually tramways by law governed under the regulations of
1115:
1194:
1179:
670:
1822:
666:
603:
terminology problem is concerned, however, the scheme serves only to add further confusion to the matter, since there is no nationwide logo for
419:
and transit advocates maintain the distinction in terms while large parts of the general public and non-specialist press by and large do not.
210:
was in the beginning a system of heavy rail lines circling the city, free of level crossings, operated by steam trains. After World War I the
864:. All four German subway systems are regulated entirely by BOStrab while parts of some tram, light rail or Stadtbahn systems – most notably
587:("electric ") the latter of which having become somewhat antiquated. The term "Bim" (short for "Bimmelbahn" in turn derived from the semi-
1172:
1024:
1815:
469:
in this wider meaning is thus not a clearly defined concept, but a vague one linked to a set of attributes, much in the same way that
1206:
2465:
193:
line is an elevated heavy rail line linking the East and the West. Long distance, regional, suburban, and urban services (
2478:
2582:
2128:
930:
857:
2587:
2577:
2148:
1363:
531:) in the rest of Germany and therefore partially conflict with it, as it has acquired a second meaning in Karlsruhe.
1089:
636:), the 'U' logo is used at stops on services that are essentially 'classic' tram lines, not 'second-level' at all.
1383:
341:
tram line through Pirckheimer Straße in Nuremberg was shut down in the course of the opening of a new section of
2339:
2329:
1636:
1264:
2386:
2349:
1613:
2233:
2228:
2138:
1603:
1536:
1229:
1958:
1918:
1060:
997:
473:('tram') is linked to very different, sometimes mutually incompatible attributes. A system that is called
372:
283:
270:
2317:
1807:
900:, usually integrated into the railway network and mostly operated by the German national railway company
748:
Other Stadtbahn networks in Germany without tunnels, but which incorporate railway lines, are found in:
2506:
2473:
2218:
1442:
976:
922:), and are usually integrated into the tram network, though the Stadtbahn portions do not operate with
869:
827:
439:– all but dominating public discourse in the 1950s and 1960s – was increasingly called into question.
2223:
1373:
564:
337:
2483:
1908:
59:
503:, as far as not supplied with S-Bahn services so far, with the existing public transport there),
321:
2413:
2044:
1576:
2542:
1515:
1492:
392:
41:
2511:
2203:
1581:
1034:
611:, especially in cities where it has been used in its wider 1980s 'light-rail system' meaning.
2532:
2516:
2153:
2119:
1673:
1477:
1065:
814:
591:"bimmeln" for the sound of a bell) meanwhile has become limited to Austria, particularly the
342:
133:
concept eventually spread from Germany to other European countries, where it became known as
2324:
2253:
1736:
1628:
1618:
1393:
348:
2450:
1327:
1221:
929:
They also differ in legal status: S-Bahn systems are governed under the rail rules of the
491:
Light Rail Vehicles. The meaning of Stadtbahn was enlarged to encompass this new type of "
19:
This article is about the type of light rail system. For suburban metro rail systems, see
8:
2537:
2381:
2275:
2132:
2089:
2074:
2069:
2009:
1938:
1898:
1789:
1523:
1269:
1259:
1247:
1239:
1234:
1101:
865:
822:
800:/Thüringerwaldbahn), above ground tramway (24 km long), in existence since 1924, to
707:
688:
408:
396:
165:
2365:
2243:
1698:
1289:
1102:"Duden | Unterpflasterbahn | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft"
181:
first arose in the first half of the 20th century as a name for the cross-city lines in
2493:
2444:
2428:
2423:
2376:
2334:
2295:
2285:
2178:
2039:
2034:
2024:
1800:
Part of Strasbourg tramway network — Part of Basel tramway network — Partly in Berlin
1746:
1686:
1561:
1553:
1429:
1388:
1322:
1252:
759:
with hybrid railcars for the transition between electrified and non-electrified routes)
93:, where rail routes were created that could be used independently from other traffic.
2418:
2371:
2198:
2163:
2114:
2064:
2029:
1943:
1933:
1866:
1751:
1681:
1566:
1548:
1505:
1482:
1312:
1211:
787:
783:
658:
412:
404:
384:
380:
149:
2188:
2455:
2408:
2396:
2312:
2307:
2270:
2264:
2193:
2173:
2168:
2099:
2079:
2059:
2049:
2014:
1991:
1953:
1923:
1903:
1839:
1769:
1713:
1703:
1693:
1608:
1531:
1500:
1452:
1437:
1378:
1368:
1295:
786:
fitted with railway equipment, which City-Bahn Chemnitz runs daily on the Chemnitz–
770:
756:
376:
266:
207:
190:
122:
90:
86:
28:
24:
1090:
Urban Transportation Abstracts, Volume 1 (1982), page 78; retrieved 2020 Nov 14th.
2391:
2354:
2290:
2208:
2183:
2158:
2124:
2108:
2054:
1883:
1731:
1708:
1591:
1457:
1411:
1345:
1317:
692:
592:
548:
460:
436:
357:
329:
72:
868:– are regulated under EBO. Meanwhile all S-Bahn systems – including those using
2438:
2359:
2258:
2248:
2213:
2019:
1981:
1948:
1928:
1893:
1888:
1871:
1779:
1741:
1641:
1596:
1543:
1279:
923:
797:
703:
662:
456:
278:
153:
82:
723:
399:; see example above) mark station entries and stops. The numbering scheme for
2571:
2301:
2280:
2238:
2143:
1986:
1976:
1913:
1877:
1861:
1856:
1784:
1774:
1723:
1029:
901:
897:
873:
844:
was planned in the 1970s, there is currently no such definition. By law, the
805:
801:
711:
588:
552:
274:
262:
232:
224:
113:
109:
1154:
892:
have common origin ('rapid urban train'), their meaning today is different.
831:
is notable because it supplements the diesel-hybrid cars with steam engines.
579:) operations. The logo also helped spread the word "Tram" at the expense of
2433:
1469:
1274:
1141:"Das Übel der autogerechten Stadt: Wie Willy Brandt West-Berlin veränderte"
793:
766:
741:
508:
1837:
1116:"Autogerechte Städte: Wie die Autos unsere Städte erobert haben (GEOplus)"
361:
1355:
966:
333:
607:
services. The result appears to be a contraction in the use of the term
971:
961:
951:
915:
911:
861:
818:
809:
727:
679:
665:, opened in 1974, from the conversion of two former railway lines (the
492:
105:
259:
the grade separation, i.e., elevation and/or tunneling of tram lines.
1761:
919:
879:
780:
715:
699:
633:
515:
487:
134:
937:(BOStrab) ('Ordinance on the Construction and Operation of Trams').
733:
2084:
1657:
1651:
956:
776:
719:
619:
496:
325:
317:
85:. One type of transport originated in the 19th century, firstly in
706:
of Straßenbahn lines (750 V) could also draw power from the 15-kV-
1304:
1197:
845:
762:
737:
452:
416:
250:
has become identified with a second, now dominant, meaning. Here
160:
2501:
1968:
1848:
1665:
1403:
1337:
893:
752:
684:
560:
500:
448:
194:
186:
182:
145:
117:
20:
447:
term became popular in the former East Germany as well, as in
1421:
203:
is still widely understood to refer to the Berlin Stadtbahn.
539:
197:) are operated on it. In Berlin unqualified use of the term
172:
112:
standards – usually as part of a process of conversion to a
36:
946:
853:
567:, based on the established logos for urban metro ('U', for
499:, also in discussion to connect the nearer surroundings of
101:
367:
Some operators and cities decided to identify the term
81:) is a German word referring to various types of urban
714:
catenary. In Karlsruhe this network reached as far as
108:
lines. This process includes adding segments built to
935:
Verordnung über den Bau und Betrieb der Straßenbahnen
687:. This idea was first realised in 1992 in Karlsruhe (
422:
726:. This model is today referred to in France as the
880:Difference between Stadtbahn and S-Bahn in Germany
1061:"Letters to the editor -- The tram is the answer"
100:networks were created again but now by upgrading
2569:
575:) and including bus ('Bus') and ferry ('F', for
547:As part of the redevelopment of their main city
403:services was prefixed with a 'U', except in the
231:line remained heavy rail and is now part of the
116:railway – mainly by the building of metro-grade
1033:. Reed Business Information Ltd. Archived from
995:
481:
332:by 1978. In the case of Berlin, the network in
1823:
1180:
1155:"Straßenbahn Wien, oder "Bim" auf Wienerisch"
1022:
623:
526:
520:
375:so that both the original U-Bahn logo (e.g.
311:
305:
299:
293:
287:
198:
76:
48:
1016:
27:. For the railway line through Vienna, see
23:. For the railway line through Berlin, see
1830:
1816:
1187:
1173:
1058:
238:
173:1920s: Berlin and Vienna cross-city lines
989:
732:
538:
514:Straßenbahn (tram) and Stadtbahn in the
371:with the eventual goal of installing an
347:
159:
144:
35:
840:Although a precise legal definition of
534:
338:serves some portions of the former West
298:('underground tramway', abbreviated as
2570:
1011:goal, but all gave up sooner or later.
1811:
1168:
58:
876:– are regulated entirely under EBO.
702:were used, which in addition to the
639:
910:, on the other hand, generally use
13:
1052:
931:Eisenbahn-Bau- und Betriebsordnung
862:track is shared with mainline rail
683:networks that rather resembled an
345:which runs slightly to the North.
269:decided to build pure, full-scale
14:
2599:
1023:Ian Yearsley (21 December 1972).
423:1980s: Renaissance of the tramway
324:), these concepts were labelled "
1294:
1288:
1196:
999:DÜSSELDORF (feat. Wehrhahnlinie)
1842:networks and systems in Germany
996:Robert Schwandl (22 Feb 2016),
677:). Further developments led to
571:) and suburban metro ('S', for
555:adopted a new logo to indicate
310:('rapid tramway'), and finally
1147:
1133:
1122:
1108:
1094:
1083:
835:
632:line numbers with a 'U' (e.g.
356:running as a Stadtbahn amidst
1:
982:
622:' meaning, both the 'U' (for
1078:high or low stopping places.
860:on parts of the route where
482:1990s: The tram goes railway
227:services 'U4' and 'U6'. The
7:
940:
771:tramways in the city centre
551:, national railway company
507:(regional light rail, e.g.
75:for 'city railway'; plural
10:
2604:
2507:Dresden Suspension Railway
2120:Bad Schandau-Kirnitzschtal
1674:Bad Schandau-Kirnitzschtal
1286:
1059:John Hoyle (16 May 1975).
977:Train categories in Europe
870:third rail electrification
828:Harz Narrow Gauge Railways
563:public transport operator
140:
40:Stadtbahn logo as used in
18:
2583:Tram transport in Germany
2551:
2525:
2492:
2464:
2098:
2000:
1967:
1847:
1798:
1760:
1722:
1664:
1650:
1627:
1514:
1491:
1468:
1420:
1402:
1384:Schöneiche and Rüdersdorf
1354:
1336:
1303:
1220:
765:(Diesel railbuses of the
246:Since the 1960s the term
2588:German words and phrases
2578:Rapid transit in Germany
2149:Brandenburg an der Havel
1364:Brandenburg an der Havel
691:), where as part of the
96:In the 1960s and 1970s,
1025:"Trams are coming back"
675:Köln-Bonner Eisenbahnen
455:. However, neither the
322:Brussels Capital Region
16:Type of railway network
2558:Former tramway network
2543:Stuttgart Rack Railway
1516:North Rhine-Westphalia
1493:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1209:systems in Germany by
745:
624:
544:
527:
521:
393:North Rhine-Westphalia
364:
312:
306:
300:
295:Untergrund-Straßenbahn
294:
288:
199:
169:
157:
77:
49:
44:
42:North Rhine-Westphalia
2555:Former S-Bahn network
2533:Bad Schandau Elevator
2517:Wuppertal Schwebebahn
2129:Schöneiche-Rüdersdorf
1637:Ludwigshafen am Rhein
1066:Sydney Morning Herald
1047:outside city centres.
926:as much as trams do.
736:
673:belonging to the old
657:) was created by the
542:
351:
163:
148:
56:German pronunciation:
39:
2494:Suspension monorails
2015:Bochum-Gelsenkirchen
1629:Rhineland-Palatinate
1230:Freiburg im Breisgau
535:2000s: The Tram logo
60:[ˈʃtatˌbaːn]
2538:Drachenfels Railway
2512:Düsseldorf SkyTrain
2479:Esslingen am Neckar
1157:. 23 February 2015.
866:Karlsruhe Stadtbahn
825:network run by the
740:diesel tram-train (
708:alternating current
689:Karlsruhe Stadtbahn
646:Regionalstadtbahnen
409:Bielefeld Stadtbahn
397:Stuttgart Stadtbahn
362:Frankfurt-Rödelheim
166:Stuttgart Stadtbahn
1614:Mülheim/Oberhausen
1434:Frankfurt am Main
746:
545:
505:Regional-Stadtbahn
387:) and the derived
365:
320:and the bilingual
307:Schnellstraßenbahn
170:
158:
45:
2565:
2564:
2219:Frankfurt am Main
1909:Mitteldeutschland
1805:
1804:
1222:Baden-Württemberg
914:vehicles (either
788:Stollberg/Erzgeb.
659:Cologne Stadtbahn
640:Regionalstadtbahn
413:Hanover Stadtbahn
405:Cologne Stadtbahn
385:Hanover Stadtbahn
381:Cologne Stadtbahn
352:Underground line
273:(metro) systems.
150:Cologne Stadtbahn
2595:
2320:
2224:Frankfurt (Oder)
1840:public transport
1832:
1825:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1374:Frankfurt (Oder)
1298:
1292:
1201:
1200:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1006:
993:
884:While the names
757:Kassel RegioTram
655:Hochflurstrecken
627:
614:In cities where
530:
528:Stadtschnellbahn
524:
377:Frankfurt U-Bahn
315:
309:
303:
297:
291:
208:Vienna Stadtbahn
202:
191:Berlin Stadtbahn
89:and followed by
80:
70:
69:
68:
62:
57:
52:
29:Vienna Stadtbahn
25:Berlin Stadtbahn
2603:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2547:
2521:
2502:Dortmund H-Bahn
2488:
2460:
2316:
2094:
1996:
1963:
1843:
1836:
1806:
1801:
1794:
1756:
1718:
1660:
1646:
1623:
1510:
1487:
1464:
1416:
1398:
1350:
1332:
1299:
1293:
1284:
1216:
1195:
1193:
1163:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1143:. 12 June 2023.
1139:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1084:
1071:
1069:
1057:
1053:
1040:
1038:
1021:
1017:
1004:
1002:
994:
990:
985:
943:
882:
838:
695:even so-called
693:Karlsruhe model
648:(also known by
644:The concept of
642:
618:has the 1960s '
593:"Bim" in Vienna
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1118:. 5 July 2023.
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924:street running
881:
878:
848:regulates all
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834:
833:
832:
812:
798:Trams in Gotha
791:
774:
760:
704:direct current
671:Vorgebirgsbahn
663:Bonn Stadtbahn
650:RegioStadtbahn
641:
638:
536:
533:
483:
480:
457:Erfurt tramway
424:
421:
343:subway line U3
243:
239:1960s: modern
237:
174:
171:
142:
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83:rail transport
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1280:Weil am Rhein
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1037:on 2023-01-17
1036:
1032:
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1030:New Scientist
1026:
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938:
936:
932:
927:
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921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
903:
902:Deutsche Bahn
899:
898:commuter rail
895:
891:
887:
877:
875:
874:Berlin S-Bahn
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
830:
829:
824:
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816:
813:
811:
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806:Friedrichroda
803:
802:Waltershausen
799:
795:
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713:
709:
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701:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
681:
676:
672:
668:
667:Rheinuferbahn
664:
660:
656:
651:
647:
637:
635:
631:
626:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
596:
594:
590:
589:onomatopoetic
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
553:Deutsche Bahn
550:
543:The Tram logo
541:
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523:
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512:
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327:
323:
319:
314:
308:
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296:
290:
289:U-Straßenbahn
285:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
253:
249:
242:
236:
234:
233:Vienna S-Bahn
230:
226:
225:Vienna U-Bahn
221:
217:
213:
209:
204:
201:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
168:train in 2002
167:
162:
155:
151:
147:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
115:
111:
110:rapid transit
107:
103:
99:
94:
92:
88:
84:
79:
74:
67:
61:
53:
51:
43:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
2466:Trolleybuses
2443:
2401:
2364:
2330:Ludwigshafen
2300:
2263:
2154:Braunschweig
2107:
2001:
1939:Rhine-Neckar
1876:
1478:Braunschweig
1470:Lower Saxony
1210:
1207:town tramway
1202:
1149:
1135:
1124:
1110:
1096:
1085:
1076:
1070:. Retrieved
1064:
1054:
1045:
1039:. Retrieved
1035:the original
1028:
1018:
1009:
1003:, retrieved
998:
991:
928:
907:
906:
889:
885:
883:
849:
841:
839:
826:
767:Vogtlandbahn
747:
742:Vogtlandbahn
710:from normal
678:
654:
649:
645:
643:
629:
615:
613:
608:
604:
600:
597:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
556:
546:
513:
509:Braunschweig
504:
485:
474:
470:
466:
465:
444:
441:
431:
429:
426:
400:
391:logos (e.g.
388:
368:
366:
353:
261:
257:
251:
247:
245:
240:
229:Vorortelinie
228:
219:
215:
211:
205:
178:
176:
130:
126:
97:
95:
47:
46:
33:
2414:Saarbrücken
2254:Halberstadt
2133:Woltersdorf
2127:(Suburban:
2085:Saarbrücken
1737:Halberstadt
1658:Saarbrücken
1573:Düsseldorf
1394:Woltersdorf
1356:Brandenburg
967:Light metro
852:systems as
836:Legal terms
724:Saarbrücken
697:dual system
585:elektrische
581:Straßenbahn
557:Straßenbahn
471:Straßenbahn
389:U-Stadtbahn
360:-Straße in
334:West Berlin
123:Stadtbahn B
78:Stadtbahnen
2572:Categories
2474:Eberswalde
2424:Strausberg
2403:Regensburg
2387:Oberhausen
2382:Nordhausen
2276:Heidelberg
2204:Düsseldorf
2045:Düsseldorf
1944:Rhine-Ruhr
1934:Rhine-Main
1790:Nordhausen
1619:Rhine-Ruhr
1389:Strausberg
1244:Karlsruhe
1235:Heidelberg
1072:2014-01-13
1041:2014-01-14
1005:2020-08-13
983:References
972:Tram-train
962:Semi-metro
952:Light rail
916:high-floor
912:light rail
819:South Harz
815:Nordhausen
810:Bad Tabarz
781:Variotrams
728:tram-train
680:tram-train
493:tram-train
216:Donaukanal
106:light rail
2445:Wuppertal
2429:Stuttgart
2377:Nuremberg
2345:Merseburg
2335:Magdeburg
2286:Karlsruhe
2179:Darmstadt
2090:Stuttgart
2075:Karlsruhe
2070:Heilbronn
2060:Frankfurt
2010:Bielefeld
2002:Stadtbahn
1992:Nuremberg
1954:Stuttgart
1929:Offenburg
1924:Nuremberg
1904:Magdeburg
1899:Karlsruhe
1762:Thuringia
1747:Magdeburg
1687:City-Bahn
1678:Chemnitz
1592:Stadtbahn
1577:Stadtbahn
1562:Stadtbahn
1558:Duisburg
1532:Stadtbahn
1524:Bielefeld
1453:RegioTram
1438:Stadtbahn
1430:Darmstadt
1323:Nuremberg
1270:Stuttgart
1248:Stadtbahn
1240:Heilbronn
1203:Stadtbahn
920:low-floor
908:Stadtbahn
886:Stadtbahn
850:Stadtbahn
842:Stadtbahn
716:Heilbronn
700:railbuses
634:Stuttgart
630:Stadtbahn
620:pre-metro
616:Stadtbahn
609:Stadtbahn
605:Stadtbahn
601:Stadtbahn
516:Karlsruhe
488:Karlsruhe
475:Stadtbahn
467:Stadtbahn
445:Stadtbahn
432:Stadtbahn
401:Stadtbahn
369:Stadtbahn
326:pre-metro
313:Stadtbahn
267:Nuremberg
255:scratch.
252:Stadtbahn
248:Stadtbahn
241:Stadtbahn
200:Stadtbahn
179:Stadtbahn
177:The term
135:pre-metro
131:Stadtbahn
127:Stadtbahn
98:Stadtbahn
50:Stadtbahn
2484:Solingen
2451:Würzburg
2419:Schwerin
2372:Naumburg
2340:Mannheim
2229:Freiburg
2199:Duisburg
2164:Chemnitz
2115:Augsburg
2040:Duisburg
2035:Dortmund
2025:Chemnitz
1884:Freiburg
1752:Naumburg
1652:Saarland
1554:Dortmund
1506:Schwerin
1328:Würzburg
1313:Augsburg
1265:Mannheim
1215:and city
957:Premetro
941:See also
777:Chemnitz
720:Saarbahn
661:and the
549:stations
497:Erlangen
486:In 1992
459:nor the
417:railfans
318:Wallonia
154:Bensberg
102:tramways
2456:Zwickau
2409:Rostock
2397:Potsdam
2366:Münster
2350:Mülheim
2325:Lößnitz
2318:History
2313:Leipzig
2308:Krefeld
2271:Hanover
2265:Hamburg
2244:Görlitz
2194:Dresden
2174:Cottbus
2169:Cologne
2065:Hanover
2030:Cologne
1982:Hamburg
1949:Rostock
1919:Neu-Ulm
1894:Hanover
1889:Hamburg
1872:Dresden
1867:Cologne
1714:Zwickau
1704:Leipzig
1699:Görlitz
1694:Dresden
1609:Krefeld
1549:Cologne
1528:Bochum
1501:Rostock
1483:Hanover
1449:Kassel
1379:Potsdam
1369:Cottbus
1305:Bavaria
846:BOStrab
823:tramway
821:. This
817:in the
763:Zwickau
738:Zwickau
453:Dresden
301:U-Strab
279:Hamburg
212:Wiental
156:in 2005
141:History
118:tunnels
2392:Plauen
2355:Munich
2291:Kassel
2209:Erfurt
2189:Döbeln
2184:Dessau
2159:Bremen
2139:Bochum
2125:Berlin
2109:Aachen
2080:Kassel
2050:Erfurt
1987:Munich
1977:Berlin
1969:U-Bahn
1914:Munich
1878:Erfurt
1862:Bremen
1857:Berlin
1849:S-Bahn
1838:Urban
1770:Erfurt
1732:Dessau
1709:Plauen
1666:Saxony
1588:Essen
1412:Bremen
1404:Bremen
1346:Berlin
1338:Berlin
1318:Munich
894:S-Bahn
890:S-Bahn
753:Kassel
685:S-Bahn
625:U-Bahn
573:S-Bahn
569:U-Bahn
561:Berlin
522:S-Bahn
501:Munich
449:Erfurt
411:, and
373:U-Bahn
284:U-Bahn
275:Berlin
271:U-Bahn
263:Munich
220:Gürtel
195:S-Bahn
189:. The
187:Vienna
183:Berlin
91:Vienna
87:Berlin
73:German
21:S-Bahn
2526:Other
2360:Mainz
2259:Halle
2249:Gotha
2214:Essen
2100:Trams
1780:Gotha
1742:Halle
1682:Trams
1642:Mainz
1597:Trams
1582:Trams
1567:Trams
1537:Trams
1458:Trams
1443:Trams
1422:Hesse
1253:Trams
872:like
794:Gotha
790:line)
784:trams
577:Fähre
114:metro
2302:Kiel
2296:Kehl
2281:Jena
2239:Gera
2144:Bonn
2020:Bonn
1785:Jena
1775:Gera
1544:Bonn
1260:Kehl
1212:Land
1205:and
947:Tram
888:and
854:tram
808:and
669:and
583:and
451:and
430:The
277:and
265:and
218:and
206:The
185:and
2434:Ulm
2131:·
1959:Ulm
1275:Ulm
918:or
896:is
858:EBO
769:on
722:in
565:BVG
292:or
152:at
104:or
2574::
1075:.
1063:.
1044:.
1027:.
1008:,
904:.
804:,
730:.
712:DB
595:.
407:,
395:,
383:,
379:,
354:U7
304:,
235:.
214:,
164:A
137:.
71:;
2321:)
2315:(
2135:)
1831:e
1824:t
1817:v
1188:e
1181:t
1174:v
1104:.
796:(
779:(
773:)
755:(
744:)
525:(
54:(
31:.
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