Aetosaur - Knowledge

996:. The inner two rows, which flank the midline of the spinal column, are known as paramedian osteoderms. These tend to be wider than long and strongly ornamented with radiating pits or grooves. Nearly all aetosaurs possess a small boss or raised surface, known as a dorsal eminence, on the upper surface of each plate. The dorsal eminence is often set posteriorly (backwards) or medially (inwards) on their respective paramedian osteoderm, though there are many exceptions within the group. The paramedian osteoderms almost always have raised or depressed anterior edges, where the plates are overlapped by the ones in front of them. If the anterior edge is raised, the area is called an anterior bar, while if it is depressed, the area is called an anterior lamina. Although two paramedian osteoderm rows are common in early archosauriforms, few reptiles approach aetosaurs in the complexity of their osteoderms. The osteoderms of 5985: 2597: 5981:. This may have led some paleontologists to believe that the animals had died in swampy environments. Because there were a large number of skeletons of animals that would not normally have inhabited swamps in these clays, some paleontologists even suggested that aetosaurs scavenged off the carcasses of animals that became trapped in the swamps and died. Doubts were later raised over this lifestyle, since aetosaur teeth show little indication of carnivory and the weight of the armor suggests that aetosaurs had "a passive mode of life." However, aetosaurs were still regarded as partly aquatic into the mid-20th century. 952: 2133: 10751: 10145: 3693: 1018: 1405: 143: 1031:

two surfaces, or flanges, flexed between their dorsal eminence. The upper, or dorsal flange lies in the same plane as the paramedian osteoderms. The lower/outer, or lateral flange wraps down onto the side of the body. The dorsal eminence between these flanges often has the form of a low blade, knob, or spike. In the cervical lateral osteoderms, which are positioned on the neck, the dorsal eminence tends to manifest as a prominent spike. This is taken to an extreme in desmatosuchines such as

120: 3078: 2233: 3650: 3584: 3527: 3464: 3338: 3271: 3209: 3157: 3022: 2897: 2843: 2790: 2674: 2626: 2548: 2494: 2376: 2267: 1976: 1905: 1837: 768: 627: 1279: 10769: 1548: 3308: 1946: 3436: 3035: 2955: 2321: 2195: 2092: 1148: 3390: 6075: 2978: 2435: 3009: 2169: 5876: 3403: 3108: 2748: 2105: 2040: 2868: 2182: 3730: 10159: 6858:, who claimed that Lucas et al. knew that Parker would eventually redescribe the species and formally erect a new genus. According to Martz, Taylor, Wedel, and Naish, the authors rushed to publish their own name before Parker could publish his. At the time, Lucas, Hunt, and Spielmann were on the editorial board of the NMMNHS bulletin, while Hunt was also the museum director. 6893:, the SVP did not try to resolve the issue, as Lucas et al. and Parker offered conflicting accounts regarding communication and intent. The SVP's response concluded with an update to its ethics policy and recommendations for how similar controversies could be better handled in the future. The entire controversy came to be known as "Aetogate", in reference to the famous 4093:

the body is covered in dorsal and ventral armor to form a complete carapace, and the paramedian osteoderms are much wider than they are long, with distinctive pitting. A final synapomorphy was found in the structure of the limb bones. In all aetosaurs, the limbs are very robust, with large muscle attachments such as the deltopectoral crest of the

1050:), the underside of the animal is also protected by osteoderms. These ventral (belly) osteoderms are generally smaller and flatter than the dorsal series, and are arranged into a larger number of rows (usually 5 - 14 rows), at least in the torso. Ventral osteoderms rows usually curve outwards and separate under the hip, leaving a wide gap for the 613:. Subsequent work has established that aetosaurs were entirely terrestrial animals, and were likely herbivorous to some extent. Some forms have characteristics that may have been adaptations to digging for food. Supposed nesting structures have also been referred to aetosaurs, but this connection is considered ambiguous. 910:, generally had narrow forms, slender limbs, and a restriction in the carapace above the hip. This body type is plesiomorphic (ancestral) to the other two shapes, with some narrow-bodied aetosaurs more closely related to typothoracines and others closer to desmatosuchines. Some plesiomorphic genera, like the widespread 1058:, one of the few exceptions to a general rule of smooth ventral osteoderms. Ventral rows break up into a shagreen of small plates on the neck, and a small number of wide rows under the tail. A dense assortment of small, non-overlapping plates, known as appendicular osteoderms, covered the front and hindlimbs. 800:

of the hip, which is angled downward, so that the leg is positioned beneath the body and acts as a weight-bearing pillar. Nevertheless, there was likely significant variation in the hip structure of aetosaurs, and the forelimbs may have had a semi-sprawling 'hybrid' stance. While the hindlimb posture

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was not a left paramedian, but instead a right one. In 2002, Jeff Martz came to the same conclusion in an unpublished thesis. He, along with Taylor, Wedel, and Naish, claimed that this was another form of plagiarism, as Martz's 2002 thesis was cited by Spielmann et al. (2006), even if his conclusion

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While features of the limbs indicate that aetosaurs probably dug for food, features of the skull and teeth can indicate what kind of food they were eating. Aetosaurs have many derived features not seen in other crurotarsans, which indicate that they are adapted to a different diet. Unlike the sharp,

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Although aetosaurs are known exclusively from the Late Triassic, their currently accepted position in archosaur phylogeny indicates that they originated from more basal pseudosuchian archosaurs in the Early or Middle Triassic. Given that aetosaurs are highly specialized with many anatomical features

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in the lower jaw is also toothless, upturned, and broad. The reduced size and simple conical shape of the teeth was considered another synapomorphy. Two more synapomorphies of aetosaurs are shared with crocodylomorphs, but were not considered to be an indication of a close phylogenetic relationship;

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rock that are circular or horseshoe-shaped, with high ridges around the sides. They appear to be unusually complex for nests created by Triassic reptiles. Archosaur footprints were found nearby that resembled aetosaurs, although they were not present in the same layer. Because the tracks were found

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that were common in the Triassic. The upturned shape of their snout suggests that aetosaurs may have dug up roots and tubers. Aetosaurs have several anatomical features that may have been adaptations to digging, including a short radius relative to the humerus (seen in many other digging tetrapods)

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The outer two rows of osteoderms, which lie beside the paramedians, are known as lateral osteoderms. They parallel the paramedians over nearly the entire backside, though the first two paramedians behind the head (known as nuchal osteoderms) are solitary. Lateral plates generally are separated into

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among archosaurs. The mandible (lower jaw) is described as 'slipper'-shaped in many aetosaurs. This is due to a combination of features: the front of the dentary strongly tapers to a point, while the underside of the dentary sometimes flexes into a 'chin' (downwards projection) which may expose the

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split aetosaurs into two subfamilies, Aetosaurinae and Desmatosuchinae. Aetosaurines are characterized by projections called eminences on the dorsal paramedian osteoderms that are close to the midline of the back. Desmatosuchines have a few more distinguishing characteristics, including grooves on

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and were preserved together in an area less than 2 square metres in size. The animals were probably buried under lake sediment soon after they died, with the flow of water repositioning their bodies on the lake bed and putting them in close proximity to one another. In 1877, German paleontologist

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on the undersides of paramedian osteoderms can be used to determine an individual's age. Comparing the ages of individual specimens with their total body lengths indicates that aetosaurs increased in length at relatively constant rates, but increased in body mass at different rates depending on

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than to the immediate sister group of Aetosauria. Because the immediate sister group of Aetosauria was uncertain, Parker offered a new definition with several non-aetosaur crurotarsan genera rather than one sister group. According to Parker, Aetosauria included all taxa more closely related to

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described aetosaurs as carnivorous aquatic animals of the order Parasuchia, mentioning that " constitutes an independent order, probably freshwater, littoral, carnivorous, short snouted (Aëtosaurus) or long snouted (Phytosaurus, Mystriosuchus) forms, analogous in their habits to the modern

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as an aetosaur rather than a phytosaur in his initial description of the genus. Like Cope, many paleontologists tended to consider aetosaur scutes to belong to phytosaurs during this time period. Marsh considered aetosaurs to be closely related to dinosaurs based on their elongated

5955:, and the unnamed Tanzanian pseudosuchian are all good fits for the hypothesized ancestor of aetosaurs because they both have double rows of leaf-shaped osteoderms along their backs that could potentially have evolved into the tightly fitting paramedian osteoderms of aetosaurs. 6121:

The ages of individual aetosaurs can be determined by examining their osteoderms. Some isolated osteoderms have been claimed to belong to juvenile aetosaurs based on their size and shape but these hypotheses have often been questioned. For example, juvenile osteoderms of

973:(four-sided) shape, and were most certainly used as a defense against predators. Most osteoderms are heavily pitted on their upper surfaces and smooth on their undersides. They have a heterogenous internal structure: the inner portion of each osteoderm is made of 679:

diet, and similar adaptations are seen in other archosaurs with less reliance on meat in their diet. A few aetosaurs have teeth with a ziphodont shape, meaning that the teeth are recurved, serrated, and flattened from the side. This shape, which is predominant in

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Nesbitt, S.J.; Sidor, C.A.; Angielczyk, K.D.; Smith, R.M.; Parker, W. (2012). "Derivation of the aetosaur osteoderm carapace: evidence from a new, exceptionally preserved "stem aetosaur" from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Manda Beds of southwestern Tanzania".

6153:. Aetosaurs also seem to have grown more slowly than modern crocodilians. Analysis of the limb bones of aetosaurs indicates that they grew quickly when young and more slowly when adults. This pattern of growth is seen in most other pseudosuchians. 4234:

examined previous phylogenetic studies of aetosaurs and criticized the way in which they used certain characters to produce cladograms. They concluded that only three hypotheses of aetosaur relationships from previous studies were still true: that

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or burrowing lifestyle, aetosaurs have few of the characteristics that fossorial animals have as adaptations to digging. Therefore, it is likely that aetosaurs were able to dig to some extent, possibly rooting for food, but were unable to burrow.

4278:, both within Aetosaurinae. Parker also gave a revised phylogenetic definition of Aetosauria, mentioning that the previous definition, made by Heckert and Lucas in 2000, was somewhat ambiguous. Heckert & Lucas (2000) defined Aetosauria as a 6039:, or toothless, and probably supported a beak. The teeth have very little wear, suggesting that aetosaurs did not consume stiff and tough plant material. It is more likely that they consumed non-abrasive vegetation such as soft leaves. 6140:, which had a relatively small body size at maturity. Studies of the bone structure of paramedian osteoderms indicate that new bone was deposited along the edges of each plate over the course of an aetosaur's lifetime. This means that 985:, which are another example of pseudosuchian osteoderms. Osteoderms are useful in diagnosing aetosaur taxa, and aetosaur species can often be identified from individual scutes based on their shape, structure, or ornamentation pattern. 1350:(a group including all post-Triassic crocodylomorphs). Nicholson and Lydekker placed a single family within the suborder, Aëtosauridæ. They considered aetosaurs to be similar to living crocodilians despite their longer metatarsals. 868:

had a very broad, disc-shaped carapace, edged by small spines or keels and transitioning to a narrow tail. The largest species of typothoracines may have been around 3 meters (9.8 feet) in length and 110 kg (243 lbs) in weight. The

9139:"Under the armor: X-ray computed tomographic reconstruction of the internal skeleton of Coahomasuchus chathamensis (Archosauria: Aetosauria) from the Upper Triassic of North Carolina, USA, and a phylogenetic analysis of Aetosauria" 780:

In most respects apart from their skull and armor, the skeletal anatomy of aetosaurs was fairly standard among other large Triassic pseudosuchians. The hindlimbs developed a "pillar-erect" limb posture similar to that seen in

7842: 7603: 8703:

Hunt, A.P.; Lockley, M.G.; Lucas, S.G. (1993). "Vertebrate and invertebrate tracks and trackways from Upper Triassic Strata of the Tucumcari Basin, East-Central New Mexico, U.S.A.". In Lucas, S.G.; Morales, M. (eds.).

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Haldar, A.; Ray, S.; Bandyopadhyay, S. (2023). "A new typothoracine aetosaur (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia) from the Upper Triassic of India with insights on biostratigraphy, diversification, and paleobiogeography".

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Long, R. A.; Ballew K. L. (1985). "Aetosaur dermal armor from the late Triassic of southwestern North America, with special reference to material from the Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park".

671:(the toothed bone of the lower jaw). The teeth which are present are usually small and bulbous, ranging from basic conical forms to leaf-like shapes with large serrations. These are probably indicative of an 583:

of aetosaurs have been described, and recently there has been controversy regarding the description of some of these genera. Two distinct subdivisions of aetosaurs are currently recognized, Desmatosuchia and

7276:"Osteology of the first skull of Aetosauroides scagliai Casamiquela 1960 (Archosauria: Aetosauria) from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil (Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone) and its phylogenetic importance" 1758:

the dorsal paramedians that help them lock to the lateral plates in a tight articulation. Many desmatosuchines have long spikes projecting from the lateral plates. These spikes are especially prominent in

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in south-central India, although most of these remains were too inadequate to assign specimens to any particular genus. Based on published descriptions, the Indian aetosaur fossils most closely resemble

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of the southwestern United States. Up to 13 genera of aetosaurs are known from the Chinle Group, with most occurring in multiple localities and over short time spans. In 1996, paleontologists

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The allegations were rejected in an internal NMMNHS meeting, reported by Lucas in 2008. They were also brought to the attention of an independent party, the Ethics Education Committee of the

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lacks serrations or wear facets on the teeth and has a jaw leverage that is not designed for strong forces such as crushing and chopping. The study recognized that northern aetosaurs such as

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was likely one of the largest known aetosaurs, at 4–6 m (13–20 ft) in length and 280 kg (620 lb) in weight. Aetosaurs which do not fit into these two categories, such as

7843:"Anatomical Details of Aetosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) as Revealed by an Articulated Posterior Skeleton from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation, San Juan Province, Argentina" 10016:"Statement from the Executive Committee about the allegations of unethical conduct from J. Martz, W. Parker, M. Taylor and M. Wedel against S. Lucas, A. Hunt, A. Heckert, and J. Spielmann" 9942:"Statement from the Executive Committee about the allegations of unethical conduct from J. Martz, W. Parker, M. Taylor and M. Wedel against S. Lucas, A. Hunt, A. Heckert, and J. Spielmann" 6050:

was a scavenger based on the close proximity of some specimens to a large number of skeletons that were likely carcasses. A 2009 study of the jaw biomechanics of the South American genus

1707:. Many of these tracks have a narrow gauge (meaning the left and right prints are placed closely together) and nearly overstep each other. A 2011 functional analysis of the skeleton of 1388:

in 1947). However, aetosaur remains were still being confused with those of phytosaurs, and they were still considered to be predominantly carnivorous and semiaquatic "parasuchians" .

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Anatomy, Phylogeny and Palaeobiology of Early Archosaurs and Their Kin Capa Sterling J. Nesbitt, Julia Brenda Desojo, Randall B. Irmis Geological Society of London, 2013 - 608 páginas

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Heckert, A. B.; Lucas S. G. (2000). "Taxonomy, phylogeny, biostratigraphy, biochronology, paleobiogeography, and evolution of the Late Triassic Aetosauria (Archosauria: Crurotarsi)".

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Currently considered the most basal aetosaur, as well as the most well-studied member of the group from Gondwana. It may have had a more carnivorous diet than most other aetosaurs.

1774:) have favored a third group, Typothoracinae, which like Desmatosuchinae has long spikes, but differs in having more sharply angled joints between osteoderms. Moreover, the genus 5894:

indicate that it may have been close to the ancestry of aetosaurs. Several phylogenetic analyses place it as the sister taxon or closest relative of Aetosauria. Like aetosaurs,

1703:, the eastern United States, and many other aetosaur-bearing locales. They are also common in the southwestern United States, having been found in Canyonlands National Park and 592:. Osteoderms structure is generally one of the most useful traits for inferring aetosaur relations more precisely. Among other archosaurs, aetosaurs are most closely related to 9531:

Taborda, J. R. A.; Cerda, I. A.; Desojo, J. B. (2013). "Growth curve of Aetosauroides scagliai Casamiquela 1960 (Pseudosuchia: Aetosauria) inferred from osteoderm histology".

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Parker, W. G.; Stocker, M. R.; Irmis, R. B. (2008). "A new desmatosuchine aetosaur (Archosauria; Suchia) from the Upper Triassic Tecovas Formation (Dockum Group) of Texas".

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recognized five biochrons based on the presence of aetosaurs throughout the Chinle Group. The number of biochrons grew to 11 in a 2007 study by Heckert and Lucas along with

1263:. He also thought that the tightly fitting osteoderms, which were thought to be fused to the ribs, indicated that aetosaurs were transitional between rhynchocephalians and 8230: 5888:

not seen in other pseudosuchians, the group's evolutionary origins are poorly understood. The recent discovery of complete specimens of the Late Triassic pseudosuchian

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In 2016, William Parker conducted a new phylogenetic analysis of the Aetosauria, proposing an alternative hypothesis of aetosaur relationships. Below is the cladogram:

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of the 1970s. It received wide attention from local Albuquerque newspapers and science blogs. It was also the focus of a news article in a 2008 issue of the journal

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in 1858, and went into more detail in an 1875 paper in the society's quarterly journal. By this time, new material had been uncovered from Elgin that indicated that

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In some aetosaurs (particular members of the group Desmatosuchia), the tip of the snout is expanded sideways into a flattened 'shovel' shape, akin to the snout of a

8666:"Review of the tetrapod fauna of the "Lower Stormberg Group" of the main Karoo Basin (southern Africa) : implication for the age of the Lower Elliot Formation" 4219:, and also appeared early in the fossil record of aetosaurs. Previously, basal members were only known from later times, occurring after more advanced aetosaurs. 7452:

Parker, William G.; Nesbitt, Sterling J.; Irmis, Randall B.; Martz, Jeffrey W.; Marsh, Adam D.; Brown, Matthew A.; Stocker, Michelle R.; Werning, Sarah (2022).

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group and thus a true clade consisting of a common aetosaur ancestor and all of its descendants. To phylogenetically define Aetosauria, Parrish identified five

4179:, or holes, that opened on the side of the skull rather than the top, lateral osteoderms articulating with the paramedians, and osteoderms covering the limbs. 3544: 6757: 981:) and their outer portions are made up of compact bone. In life, these plates were probably covered in a keratinous (horn) covering, like modern crocodilian 9682: 4033: 2446: 1780:

is now often classified outside Stagonolepididae as a non-stagonolepidid aetosaur, making the names Aetosauria and Stagonolepididae no longer synonymous.

9941: 6749: 4263: 4168: 2758: 1537: 711:(a hole on the side of the skull). Many aetosaurs have a small knob on the premaxilla which projects into the nares from below. In all aetosaurs except 10172: 8291:

Jenkins, F.A.; Shubin, N.H.; Amaral, W.W.; Gatesy, S.M.; Schaff, C.R.; Clemmensen, L.B.; Downs, W.R.; Davidson, A.R.; Bonde, N.; Osbaeck, F.F. (1994).

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Brust, Ana Carolina Biacchi; Desojo, Julia Brenda; Schultz, Cesar Leandro; Paes-Neto, Voltaire Dutra; Da-Rosa, Átila Augusto Stock (15 August 2018).

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in an unpublished thesis, which was widely disseminated among aetosaur researchers. Because the name was not formally published, it was considered a

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Crocodilia". Early aetosaur remains were often found in clays beside skeletons of aquatic animals such as phytosaurs and terrestrial animals such as

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aetosaur" ("stem" meaning that it lies on the branch that includes aetosaurs, but is not itself an aetosaur). However, other studies have considered

4223: 6842:. The authors of the 2006 paper, Spencer G. Lucas, Adrian P. Hunt, and Justin A. Spielmann, were accused of "intellectual theft" by paleontologists 6795: 3667: 3288: 3230: 2585: 1858: 10026: 9997: 10849: 10192: 6165:. Osteoderms are the most common remains associated with aetosaurs, so a single identifiable scute can accurately date the layer it is found in. 822: 9353: 7123:"Revised phylogenetic analysis of the Aetosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia); assessing the effects of incongruent morphological character sets" 1304:

of the late 19th century, in which the two tried to out-compete one another in the field and in scientific literature. Unlike Cope's aetosaurs,

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The skull of aetosaurs is relatively small compared to the body, and is quite distinctive in shape. Teeth are absent from both the front of the

8478:"Redescripcion del aetosaurio Chilenosuchus forttae Casamiqueal (Diapsida: Arcosauria): presencia de Triasico continental en el norte de Chile" 3748:

An wide-bodied typothoracine, known from a series of associated paramedian and lateral osteoderms as well as an isolated paramedian osteoderm.

894:, had moderately narrower bodies and no belly armor. However, they also acquired spinier back armor, especially in the cervical (neck) region. 7626:

Heckert, A. B.; Lucas S. G. (1999). "A new aetosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic of Texas and the phylogeny of aetosaurs".

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Festschrift zur Feier des 400jährigen Jubiläums der Eberhard-Karls-Universät zu Tübingen, Wurttembergische Naturwissenschaftliche Jahreshefte

1571:(southern Pangaea), though they are considerably less common or diverse than in Northern continents. South American aetosaurs are known from 1164: 9237:"New clade of enigmatic early archosaurs yields insights into early pseudosuchian phylogeny and the biogeography of the archosaur radiation" 8730:

Cope (Archosauria: Stagonolepididae) from the Upper Triassic Bull Canyon Formation (Revueltian: early-mid Norian), eastern New Mexico, USA"

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Because species of aetosaurs typically have restricted fossil ranges and are abundant in the strata they are found in, they are useful in

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have also produced aetosaur fossils. A few aetosaurs are known from northern Africa, with scutes having been found from the late Carnian

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New digital braincase endocasts of two species of Desmatosuchus and neurocranial diversity within Aetosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia)

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Aetosaur remains were first discovered in the early 19th century, although the first remains that were described were mistaken for fish

9745:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. p. 37. 9643:

Lucas, S.G. (1991). "Sequence stratigraphic correlation of nonmarine and marine Late Triassic biochronologies, western United States".

6707:. A land vertebrate faunachron (LVF) is a time interval that is defined by the first appearance datum (FAD), or first occurrence, of a 3069:

The widespread and well-known namesake of the clade Paratypothoracini. Some authors have suggested that it represents an adult form of

8616:"Paleogeographic and biostratigraphic implications of new early Mesozoic vertebrates from Poamay, central Morondava Basin, Madagascar" 723:

is positioned and exposed on the side, unlike most other archosaurs where it is mostly visible when viewing the skull from above. The

7422: 1168: 739: 552:. Since their armoured plates are often preserved and are abundant in certain localities, aetosaurs serve as important Late Triassic 4407:

lies outside Stagonolepididae. If this phylogeny is correct, Stagonolepididae and Aetosauria would not be equivalent groupings, and

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in Morocco. During the Late Triassic, Morocco would have been in close proximity with the Newark Supergroup of North America in the

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in age. Agassiz mistook the osteoderms for large rhomboidal scales, which he thought were arranged in a similar pattern to those of

9590:(Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of the Newark Supergroup, eastern United States, and its biochronological significance" 8293:"Late Triassic continental vertebrates and depositional environments of the Fleming Fjord Formation, Jameson Land, East Greenland" 8260:(Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of the Newark Supergroup, eastern United States, and its biochronological significance" 7458:(Archosauria: Suchia) from the Upper Triassic (Norian) Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, United States" 3492:

A small aetosaur only known from interior molds of a dorsal carapace. Often interpreted as a dubious genus or a junior synonym of

1202:. Fraas named the genus after the skull's resemblance to the head of an eagle, with a narrow, elongate skull and a pointed snout. 563:

ranges were relatively short. Therefore, the presence of particular aetosaurs can accurately date a site in which they are found.

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and a large deltopectoral crest on the humerus that served as an attachment for muscles. Aetosaurs also have large hind feet, or

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collecting specimens. Better remains of American aetosaurs helped to establish anatomical info for some common species, such as

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reconsidered the fish scales described by Agassiz and considered them to belong to a crocodilian. He first proposed this to the

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Monographie des poisons fossils du Vieux Grés Rouge ou Systéme Dévonien (Old Red Sandstone) des Iles Britanniques ed de Russie

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in the 1870s. Among them were complete articulated skeletons of 22 aetosaurs. These specimens were found in a large sandstone

10242: 8864: 7687: 7255: 9618: 8524: 8201: 10221: 10182: 9663: 5984: 1646:

which are considerably more specialized than most described Gondwanan aetosaurs. In 2023 a new aetosaur was named from the

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Butler, Richard J.; Sullivan, Corwin; Ezcurra, Martín D.; Liu, Jun; Lecuona, Agustina; Sookias, Roland B. (10 June 2014).

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of three smaller clades in which it is unknown which clade diverged first from the group. Within this polytomy there was

8928: 1424:, giving them a nearly worldwide distribution during the Late Triassic. Aetosaur remains are most abundant in northern ( 10900: 9807: 6878: 2973:

A late-surviving basal desmatosuchian with apparent adaptations for a more carnivorous diet than most other aetosaurs.

8429:"Vertebrate dinoturbation from the Caturrita Formation (Late Triassic, Paraná Basin), Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil" 6066:

did have jaws that would have supported a strong musculature, and were likely better suited to eating plant material.

10895: 10127: 845: 9080:"Intraorganismal homology, character construction, and the phylogeny of aetosaurian archosaurs (Reptilia, Diapsida)" 7727: 9812:(Archosauria: Aetosauria) from the Upper Triassic Redonda Formation, New Mexico, with description of a new species" 8880:

Lucas, S.G.; Heckert, A.B. (2011). "Late Triassic aetosaurs as the trackmaker of the tetrapod footprint ichnotaxon

2572: 1730:, a clade of archosaurs that includes living crocodilians and is characterized by the distinctive structure of the 17: 10750: 9741:, a new name for an aetosaur from the Upper Triassic of north-central New Mexico". In Harris; et al. (eds.). 8365:"Using positional homology in aetosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) osteoderms to evaluate the taxonomic status of 7824: 789:

of carnivorous Triassic pseudosuchians ancestral to crocodylomorphs. A pillar-erect limb posture is one where the

759:(the bone of the lower jaw which connects to the cranium) often has a tall projection right behind the jaw joint. 9693: 9474:"A vertebrate nesting site in northeastern Italy reveals unexpectedly complex behavior for late Carnian reptiles" 8428: 7990:

A manual of palaeontology for the use of students, with a general introduction on the principles of palaeontology

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Long and Murry, 1995 (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) and its Implications for the Origin of the Aetosaurian Carapace"

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A second possible aetosaur nest site is known from northeastern Italy. The nests are preserved as depressions in

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in front of the eye socket, sharp and curved teeth, and osteoderms covering much of its body. Like aetosaurs and

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are occasionally confused or compared with those of aetosaurs. Both an anterior bar and dorsal eminence occur in

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Although aetosaurs were generally wide-bodied reptiles, there is some variation in the degree of this trend. The

6950: 1232:, crocodile-like aquatic archosaurs that were also common in the Late Triassic. While new material referable to 7534: 6861:

A coinciding controversy occurred after Spielmann, Hunt, and Lucas published a 2006 paper mentioning that the

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Aetosaur material continued to be described into the early 20th century, with notable paleontologists such as

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tracks with skin impressions from the Anisian (middle Triassic) of the Southern alps (val di non - Italy)".

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Archosaurian Anatomy and Palaeontology: Essays in Memory of Alick D. Walker, DB Norman & DJ Gower (eds.)

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who guard their nests. However, it seems that these "nests" are instead the result of sandstone weathering.

6035:

recurved teeth of other triassic archosaurs, aetosaurs had simple, conical teeth. The tips of the jaws were

2645:

A possible paratypothoracine that possessed lateral osteoderms that converged with those of desmatosuchines

9692:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. Vol. 41. pp. 229–240. Archived from 8023: 7057:

Desojo, J. B.; Heckert, A. B.; Martz, J. W.; Parker, W. G.; Schoch, R. R.; Small, B. J.; Sulej, T. (2013).

6847: 2592:

Namesake of the desmatosuchines, one of the largest, most common, and most impressively-armored aetosaurs.

1133: 9585: 8274: 6093:

discovered 220‑million-year-old, fossilized, bowl-like pits in Arizona's Petrified Forest, in part of the

4175:

in 1999 expanded the number of synapomorphies that diagnose Aetosauria to 18. New synapomorphies included

2863:

A well-described desmatosuchin, the subject of major studies on aetosaur anatomy in the mid-20th century.

524:. They have small heads, upturned snouts, erect limbs, and a body ornamented with four rows of plate-like 8523:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. Vol. 41. pp. 49–50. Archived from 8200:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. Vol. 41. pp. 51–57. Archived from 8084: 4364:. Parker's 2007 analysis accepted this definition. In 2002, Heckert and Lucas defined Aetosaurinae as "a 4357: 4125: 6054:

suggested that the animal may have fed on larvae and insects without hard exoskeletons. This is because

10015: 9986: 9817:. In Harris, H.D.; Lucas, S.G.; Spielmann, J.A.; Lockley, M.G.; Milner, A.R.C.; Kirkland, J.L. (eds.). 6704: 5583: 5342: 5256: 4384:

at the base of the stagonolepidid clade, with traditional aetosaurine taxa placed in successively more

1704: 1210:

The first aetosaurs from North America were also being described in the 1870s. American paleontologist

638: 142: 4068:

with rauisuchians, which Parrish termed Rauisuchiformes. Rauisuchiformes also included the superorder

1396:

helped to divert these notions and established a more modern view of aetosaurian anatomy and ecology.

478: 10188: 9987:"Best practices from the Ethics Education Committee regarding research, publication, and museum work" 9345: 8231:"An overview of National Park Service paleontological resources from the parks and monuments in Utah" 5890: 4415:

simplified after an analysis presented by Devin K. Hoffman, Andrew B. Heckert, and Lindsay E. Zanno.

3742: 3605: 2596: 1922: 1647: 1465: 9972: 7648: 1101:

fish rather than a Triassic reptile. This may be because he considered the strata to be part of the

10214: 7602:

von Baczko, M. B., Desojo, J. B., Gower, D. J., Ridgely, R., Bona, P., & Witmer, L. M. (2021).

7359: 7005: 6141: 5908: 5691: 5643: 5528: 5300: 1750:, which included many Triassic crurotarsans as well as later crurotarsans, including crocodilians. 1521: 1144:

was still known primarily by scutes and imprints of scutes, many of which were not well preserved.

8992:"A new aetosaur genus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil" 7753:

Marsh, Adam D.; Smith, Matthew E.; Parker, William G.; Irmis, Randall B.; Kligman, Ben T. (2020).

5935:

of Tanzania. It differs from other Middle Triassic pseudosuchians in having a long skull, a small

470: 6799: 6022:

on the ulna which projects backward past the elbow, giving a large area for the insertion of the

5756: 5464: 5447: 5218: 5141: 4949: 4750: 3676: 3671: 3293: 3226: 3063: 2967: 2910: 2856: 2639: 2562: 2507: 2333: 2218: 2117: 1600: 1596: 1493: 1335: 773: 644: 10867: 8139: 4360:

that is also the ancestor of other non-aetosaurine aetosaurs, and thus could not form their own

10789: 9472:

Avanzini, M.; Dalla vecchia, F.M.; Mietto, P; Piubelli, D; Preto, N; Rigo, M; Roghi, G (2007).

8724:

Heckert, A.B.; Lucas, S.G.; Rinehart, L.F.; Celesky, M.D.; Spielmann, J.A.; Hunt, A.P. (2010).

7643: 7000: 5969: 5059: 3241:

A narrow-bodied paratypothoracin with elongated spines on paramedian osteoderms above the hip.

1634: 844:(rib attachments) developed into long massive pedestals, and the largest species even acquired 720: 656: 8826: 8615: 5898:

has two rows of paramedian osteoderms along its back and, in the cheek region of the skull, a

4088:

at its tip being edentulous (toothless), upturned, and wide to form a "shovel". Moreover, the

10862: 10309: 9959: 8191:(Archosauria:Stagonolepididae), an index taxon of St. Johnsian (Adamanian:Late Carnian) time" 6734: 5559: 5201: 5170: 4733: 4121: 3681: 3415: 3235: 3118: 3048: 2122: 2052: 1739: 1633:

during the Late Triassic. Early accounts of Indian aetosaurs were based on material from the

1604: 1297: 1086: 1023: 930: 821:. They had multiple adaptations to strengthen the body in response to their heavy armor: the 609:

relatives, at which point they were interpreted as semiaquatic scavengers closely related to

10854: 9833: 9821:. Vol. 37. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. pp. 583–587. 2693:

A possible desmatosuchin characterized by cervical osteoderms that almost encircle the neck

965:

Aetosaurs were very heavily armored, with rows of large, interlocking bony plates, known as

598:, a small reptile originally known from teeth mistakenly referred to herbivorous dinosaurs. 10836: 10827: 10082: 9670:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. Vol. 3. pp. 327–329. 9540: 9488: 9425: 9248: 9052: 8943: 8893: 8791: 8744: 8708:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. Vol. 3. pp. 199–201. 8443: 8380: 8337: 8151: 8057: 7770: 7635: 7577: 7378: 7287: 7070: 6992: 5739: 4932: 1176: 841: 650: 589: 8857:

The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: Faunal Change Across the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary

2132: 951: 8: 10207: 10150: 8725: 7059:"Aetosauria: A clade of armoured pseudosuchians from the Upper Triassic continental beds" 6931:"South American occurrences of the Adamanian (Late Triassic: Latest Carnian) index taxon 5940: 5936: 5241: 5124: 4275: 1608: 1241: 1211: 1129: 708: 632: 10086: 9890: 9544: 9492: 9429: 9344:

Ziehn, K.; Sangalang, E.; Fritz-Laylin, L.; Twu, C.; Huynh, A.; Smith, D. (1 May 2000).

9252: 9056: 8991: 8947: 8897: 8795: 8748: 8447: 8384: 8341: 8155: 8144:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences

8061: 7774: 7639: 7581: 7382: 7291: 7074: 6996: 6806:

in some of their published articles dealing with aetosaurs. In December 2006, the genus

6101:

nests. The "nests" are compacted and appear very similar to the nests of the modern day

4352:, was named in 2012. The phylogenetic analysis in that study found Aetosaurinae to be a 1762:. Aetosaurines, on the other hand, tend to have less spikes. Many aetosaurines, such as 1753:

Originally, all aetosaurs were considered members of the family Stagonolepididae. Early

929:, tended to be small, about a metre (3.2 ft) in length. Others were larger, such as the 715:, the rear edge of the naris receives a contribution from the concave front edge of the 10890: 10772: 9566: 9504: 9451: 9323: 9279: 9236: 9217: 9173: 9138: 8969: 8909: 8807: 8760: 8641:(Archosauria: Suchia) from the Chinle Formation of Arizona and a revision of the genus 8566: 8404: 8167: 7936: 7870: 7806: 7546: 7503: 7490: 7453: 7394: 7318: 7275: 7244: 7216: 7157: 7122: 7086: 6962: 5667: 5600: 4282:, claiming that Aetosauria included all crurotarsans that were more closely related to 1679: 1622: 1552: 1469: 1014:, a close relative of aetosaurs originally misidentified as a juvenile desmatosuchine. 786: 137: 10013: 9865: 9473: 9412:

Desojo, J.B.; Vizcaíno, S.F. (2009). "Jaw biomechanics in the South American aetosaur

8349: 7922: 7014: 4396:. Thus, under Heckert and Lucas's definition Aetosaurinae might be restricted to only 1412:

have been found in North America, South America, Europe, and parts of Asia and Africa.

10633: 10507: 10122: 10100: 9781: 9570: 9508: 9397: 9376: 9284: 9266: 9221: 9178: 9160: 9104: 9014: 8913: 8860: 8811: 8764: 8685: 8570: 8396: 8364: 7940: 7874: 7862: 7810: 7798: 7683: 7676: 7538: 7507: 7495: 7477: 7436: 7413: 7323: 7305: 7251: 7239: 7162: 7144: 7090: 7058: 6966: 6954: 6894: 6019: 5100: 4834: 4348: 4176: 4098: 3595: 3486: 3481: 3428: 3351: 3170: 2567: 2397: 2279: 2213: 2016: 1731: 1688: 1612: 1473: 1102: 833: 9664:"Tetrapod biochronology of the Chinle Group (Upper Triassic), western United States" 9455: 9327: 8973: 8497: 8408: 8171: 7550: 7398: 7220: 2285:

A large, late-surviving probable typothoracine known solely from smooth osteoderms.

970: 10657: 10580: 10395: 10090: 9556: 9548: 9496: 9441: 9433: 9392: 9315: 9274: 9256: 9213: 9209: 9168: 9150: 9094: 9064: 9060: 9006: 8959: 8951: 8901: 8799: 8752: 8677: 8614:

Burmeister, Kurtis C.; Flynn, John J.; Parrish, J. Michael; Wyss, Andre R. (2006).

8558: 8492: 8451: 8388: 8345: 8304: 8240:. 2010 Utah Geological Association Publication 28 (3rd ed.). pp. 589–623. 8159: 8140:"Triassic reptiles from the elgin area: Stagonolepis, Dasygnathus and their allies" 8065: 7931: 7926: 7918: 7889: 7854: 7788: 7778: 7671: 7657: 7653: 7585: 7530: 7485: 7469: 7431: 7386: 7313: 7295: 7208: 7198: 7152: 7134: 7078: 7010: 6983:

Lucas, S. G. (1998). "Global Triassic tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology".

6946: 6926: 6899: 6745: 6727:. The Revueltian ends with the next FAD, which happens to be that of the phytosaur 6094: 5917: 5715: 5073: 4786: 4503: 4449: 4365: 4279: 4271: 4172: 3663: 3609: 3601: 3540: 3284: 3222: 3053: 2934: 2805: 2801: 2581: 2577: 2393: 2389: 1993: 1989: 1918: 1854: 1850: 1591: 1429: 1328: 1318: 1114: 989: 906: 809:

and broad, five-toed feet. The forelimbs were smaller than the hind limbs, and the

735: 573: 425: 380: 9916: 8562: 8309: 8292: 7783: 7754: 3688:

An abundant wide-bodied typothoracine, known from multiple articulated skeletons.

10608: 10538: 10278: 10164: 8905: 8477: 8392: 7985: 7858: 7300: 7187:"The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades" 6785: 6420: 5925: 5487: 4772: 4615: 4069: 3692: 3188: 2915: 2720: 2687: 2512: 2294: 1866: 1661: 1505: 1256: 1005: 974: 969:, protecting the back, sides, belly, and tail. These osteoderms generally have a 874: 747: 602: 416: 311: 226: 9839:(Archosauria Stagonolepididae) from the Upper Triassic of the American Southwest 8989: 7364:

with a reanalysis of the phylogeny of the Aetosauria (Archosauria:Pseudosuchia)"

4084:, or shared characteristics. The first synapomorphy concerned the jaw, with the 2059:

An aetosaur with aetosaurine-like osteoderms and desmatosuchine-like vertebrae.

1017: 817:. Nevertheless, their low and heavy body shape requires that all aetosaurs were 10722: 10677: 10590: 10531: 10445: 9500: 9471: 7589: 6753: 6712: 6409: 6128: 5324: 5155: 4891: 4817: 4655: 4339: 4227: 4081: 4030: 3793: 3317: 3086: 2987: 2208: 1657: 1525: 1481: 1125: 1113:. He also thought that these supposed scales were very similar to those of the 1047: 1001: 870: 863: 852: 756: 728: 594: 347: 9437: 9350:

University of California Museum of Paleontology - History of life through time

9079: 9010: 8955: 8803: 8756: 7390: 1240:

is no longer considered valid. Cope, along with later paleontologists such as

10884: 10812: 10700: 10693: 10649: 10641: 10625: 10571: 10552: 10489: 10474: 10466: 10425: 10383: 9866:"Written Responses on Allegations, Suggestions to Improve the NMNHS Bulletin" 9270: 9261: 9198: 9164: 9137:

Hoffman, Devin K.; Heckert, Andrew B.; Zanno, Lindsay E. (13 February 2018).

9018: 8723: 8689: 8455: 8400: 7866: 7802: 7542: 7481: 7414:"New data on the braincase of the aetosaurian archosaur (Reptilia: Diapsida) 7309: 7148: 6958: 6789: 6729: 6441: 6162: 6007: 4541: 4524: 4473: 4436: 4333: 3702: 3655: 3589: 3532: 3469: 3343: 3276: 3214: 3162: 3136: 3077: 3027: 2902: 2848: 2795: 2740: 2679: 2654: 2631: 2553: 2527: 2499: 2474: 2457: 2426: 2416: 2381: 2355: 2272: 2069: 1981: 1955: 1910: 1895: 1881: 1842: 1776: 1770:, have smooth carapaces and lack spikes altogether. More recent studies (see 1754: 1743: 1734:. Aetosaurs were traditionally referred to a (now obsolete) group called the 1713:

indicated that it had the range of movement necessary to produce the tracks.

1652: 1617: 1585: 1437: 1300:

in 1896. Marsh had a long-time rivalry with Cope that was made famous in the

1076: 1039: 939: 925: 884: 878: 810: 802: 688: 682: 568: 541: 537: 517: 464: 336: 261: 129: 119: 77: 39: 8926: 6042:

Alternative theories have been proposed for the diet of aetosaurs. In 1947,

6010:, with large claws that were likely used for skratch-digging. One aetosaur, 4388:

positions. In the analysis, these taxa are actually more closely related to

2232: 1404: 520:, and in some strata from this time they are among the most abundant fossil 10597: 10545: 10482: 10459: 10405: 10294: 10269: 10104: 9805: 9718:

Lucas, S.G.; Heckert, A.B. (1996). "Late Triassic aetosaur biochronology".

9680: 9288: 9182: 9108: 9099: 8511: 8290: 8184: 8163: 7499: 7327: 7166: 6855: 6761: 6741: 6740:

Biochrons for aetosaur genera have been developed for dating strata in the

6723:

stage, the Revueltian LVF starts at the beginning of the Norian around 216

5978: 5503: 5085: 4908: 4591: 4459: 4385: 4353: 4321: 4309: 4184: 4089: 4077: 4064:

were included in the phylogenetic analysis. Aetosaurs were found to form a

3565: 3371: 3123:

A small aetosaur based on an immature specimen, which may be referrable to

3058: 2771: 2702: 2302: 2242: 2225: 1889: 1816: 1727: 1665: 1497: 1433: 1389: 1363: 1359: 1245: 1118: 1090: 1081: 1072: 1010: 997: 957: 900: 585: 560: 556: 497: 357: 286: 210: 10043:

Martz, Jeff; Taylor, Mark; Wedel, Matt; Naish, Darren (17 February 2010).

8069: 6018:

and manual flexor muscles often used in digging. Moreover, it has a large

4266:

resulted in a larger tree of aetosaur phylogenetics with the inclusion of

3420: 1615:(Paleorrota). Chilean aetosaurs are represented by one fragmentary genus, 1278: 767: 727:

is fairly standard by pseudosuchian standards, though the opening for the

626: 10821: 10708: 10524: 10042: 9779: 9683:"Global Triassic tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology: 2007 status" 9343: 8855:

and its significance for Triassic biostratigraphy". In Padian, K. (ed.).

6828: 6082:. This is likely the animal that made the nests discovered there in 1996. 4867: 4303: 4297: 4196: 2823: 2731: 1735: 1477: 1409: 1380: 1309: 1193: 1033: 890: 693: 676: 52: 10044: 8637:

Parker, William G. (2008). "Description of new material of the aetosaur

7793: 5988:

Restorations of Stagonolepis robertsoni, after skeletal by Hartman, 2016

10715: 10516: 10496: 10418: 10260: 9446: 9155: 7841:

Heckert, Andrew B.; Martínez, Ricardo N.; Celeskey, Matthew D. (2021).

7139: 6851: 6803: 6724: 6701: 6036: 5932: 5931:

In 2012 another "stem aetosaur" was described from the Middle Triassic

5903: 4558: 4490: 4315: 4183:

was still found to be the most basal member, but the phylogeny of more

4085: 4073: 3625: 3494: 3358:

A desmatosuchin known from an immature specimen originally assigned to

3307: 3176:

A large typothoracinae often considered a close relative or species of

2877: 2606: 2142: 1945: 1709: 1675: 1445: 1421: 1343: 1325: 1225: 1216: 1198: 966: 916: 857: 818: 797: 782: 672: 664: 521: 505: 97: 62: 10014:

Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Executive Committee (23 May 2008).

9561: 8459: 7958:

Fr. Die gepanzerte Vogel-Echse aus dem Stubensandstein bei Stuttgar".

6014:, has an entepicondyle on the humerus, which is the origin of forearm 3435: 1660:

aetosaur. Reports of aetosaurs from Madagascar are based on probable

1147: 10433: 9780:

Martz, Jeff; Taylor, Mark; Wedel, Matt; Naish, Darren (1 June 2008).

9617:

Heckert, A.B.; Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P. & Spielmann, J.A. (2007).

9552: 8681: 8328:

from the Triassic of Morocco and its biochronological significance".

7473: 7212: 7082: 6814:

in the museum's bulletin. However, four years earlier paleontologist

6469: 6305: 6109: 6102: 6098: 6027: 6015: 6002: 4412: 4327: 4259:. They also went on to correct the trees from all previous analyses. 4026: 3767: 3506: 3040: 2960: 2326: 2200: 2097: 1742:" crocodilian relatives that lived in the Triassic. With the rise of 1572: 1547: 1501: 1417: 1371: 1332: 1301: 1229: 1188: 1156: 1106: 724: 610: 606: 525: 501: 494: 197: 154: 102: 46: 10783: 10095: 10070: 9764:(M.Sc. thesis). Flagstaff: Northern Arizona University. p. 315. 9303: 8041: 6885:, the SVP found no explicit evidence for plagiarism. In the case of 2518:

A small but wide-bodied aetosaur closely related to typothoracines.

978: 10806: 10254: 9319: 8665: 8426: 7607: 6862: 6708: 6525: 6492: 6398: 6372: 6334: 6074: 5974: 4133: 3720: 3445: 3395: 2977: 2257: 2158: 1664:

scutes. Supposed aetosaurian footprints and skeletal material from

1630: 1568: 1560: 1509: 1457: 1425: 1347: 1339: 1284: 1098: 1094: 993: 752: 553: 513: 490: 174: 92: 87: 72: 67: 57: 7564:

Parker, W.G. (2005). "A new species of the Late Triassic aetosaur

7203: 7186: 6935:(Archosauria: Aetosauria) and their biochronological significance" 1869:, previously considered a valid aetosaur or juvenile specimens of 1236:

has been found in recent years throughout the American southwest,

10665: 10176: 9914: 9888: 8929:"The higher-level phylogeny of Archosauria (Tetrapoda: Diapsida)" 8927:

Brusatte, S.L.; Benton, M.J.; Desojo, J.B.; Langer, M.C. (2010).

6503: 6481: 6360: 6126:

were later identified as those of the small-bodied pseudosuchian

6023: 5899: 5883:, a pseudosuchian that may be close to the ancestry of aetosaurs. 5875: 4094: 3381: 3250: 3096: 3014: 2867: 2833: 2664: 2484: 2461: 2308: 2174: 2079: 2027: 1700: 1671: 1556: 1541: 1529: 1453: 1441: 1260: 1184: 1180: 1160: 921: 814: 716: 668: 413: 184: 107: 82: 10841: 9915:

Martz, J.; Taylor, M.; Wedel, M.; Naish, D. (17 February 2010).

9806:

Spielmann, J.A.; Hunt, A.P.; Lucas, S.G.; Heckert, A.B. (2006).

9681:

Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P.; Heckert, A.B.; Spielmann, J.A. (2007).

8512:

Heckert, A.B.; Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P.; Spielmann, J.A. (2007).

8185:

Heckert, A.B.; Spielmann, J.A.; Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P. (2007).

7520: 742:(at the upper front part). This trait is otherwise only seen in 10248: 8236:. In Sprinkel, D.A.; Chidsey, T.C. Jr.; Anderson, P.B. (eds.). 6720: 6514: 6458: 6113:

so close to the nests, it is likely that aetosaurs built them.

6026:

muscle. While many studies have suggested that aetosaurs had a

4110: 3716: 3639: 3575: 3517: 3455: 3408: 3328: 3261: 3199: 3147: 3113: 3100: 2997: 2945: 2887: 2781: 2753: 2616: 2538: 2366: 2312: 2253: 2154: 2110: 2083: 2045: 2031: 1966: 1930: 1827: 1747: 1692: 1576: 1513: 1264: 1051: 911: 829: 806: 580: 545: 533: 164: 9736: 9077: 6881:(SVP) in 2007, and a response was given in 2008. In regard to 6086:

At least some aetosaurs built nests and protected their eggs.

4411:

would be the first non-stagonolepidid aetosaur. The following

4356:

grouping. As a paraphyletic group, aetosaurines would share a

10199: 9889:

Martz, J.; Taylor, M.; Wedel, M.; Naish, D. (10 March 2008).

8990:

Julia B. Desojo; Martin D. Ezcurra; Edio E. Kischlat (2012).

4361: 4106: 4102: 4065: 3735: 2440: 2187: 1696: 1626: 1580: 1517: 1476:

along the East Coast of the United States, in states such as

1449: 1324:

As a distinct group, Aetosauria was named in 1889 by English

982: 837: 793: 790: 704: 667:(the bone forming the tip of the snout) and the front of the 549: 529: 484: 476: 468: 8702: 6711:

index fossil and is commonly used to date Late Triassic and

2456:. It was found in strata that were originally thought to be 1346:(a group including phytosaurs and other Triassic forms) and 738:(at the lower front part of the braincase), rather than the 449: 404: 9583: 8620:

New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science Bulletin

8253: 7273: 6951:

10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0852:SAOOTA>2.0.CO;2

5998: 1461: 1054:

opening. Large, hooked spines occur around this opening in

988:

Aetosaurs have four rows of osteoderms running along their

719:. At the rear upper part of the skull, a hole known as the 509: 455: 452: 440: 434: 428: 395: 389: 383: 9947:. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2008. Archived from 8827:"Archosaur evidence in the Buntsandstein (Lower Triassic)" 8613: 6779: 5916:

and Aetosauria, potentially making it the earliest known "

5912:, a Middle Triassic pseudosuchian, as the sister taxon of 1603:, respectively. In Brazil, fossils have been found in the 1416:

Aetosaur fossils have been found on all continents except

1043:, where the spike is enlarged into a sharply curved horn. 9630:

New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin

9616: 8859:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 61–88. 8427:

Silva, R.C. Da; Carvalho, I. De S.; Schwanke, C. (2007).

8187:"Biostratigraphic utility of the Upper Triassic aetosaur 7535:

10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[692:ANDAAS]2.0.CO;2

4255:

are more closely related to each other than either is to

3427:

The first aetosaur to be described, previously used as a

2811:

A typhothoracine based on fossils previously referred to

1428:) continents, and fossils are particularly common in the 1110: 992:(back) side, forming a continuous plate often called the 805:(typical to ancestral pseudosuchians), such as the stout 755:

as well. The jaw joint is set at a low position, and the

700: 9234: 7056: 4207:, respectively. More importantly, a new aetosaur called 2228:

aetosaur with a wide geographic distribution in Europe.

9043:

and the phylogeny and distribution of the Aetosauria".

7840: 7451: 6132:(which is not an aetosaur), and juvenile osteoderms of 4124:

member of the clade, the earliest to diverge after the

2407:, which it was formerly considered to be a species of. 1255:. At the time, Cope considered Aetosauria to belong to 559:. Many aetosaurs had wide geographic ranges, but their 8551: 8363:

Parker, William G.; Martz, Jeffrey W. (14 July 2010).

8228: 7983: 7752: 3299:

A strongly-armored desmatosuchian closely related to

446: 431: 401: 386: 10140: 9871:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 9411: 8985: 8983: 8330:

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA

8020:

Postilla, Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin

6764:

LVF to the Apachean LVF and included genera such as

4215:

was found to be a basal aetosaur closely related to

1196:

assigned these specimens to the newly erected genus

707:(nostril holes) are elongated, much larger than the 437: 392: 353: 343: 332: 317: 307: 292: 282: 267: 257: 9584:Lucas, S.G.; Heckert, A.B. & Huber, P. (1998). 9136: 9124:

Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I

6924: 6167: 1567:Aetosaurs are also found in areas corresponding to 1175:More complete aetosaur remains were found from the 443: 398: 9737:Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P.; Spielmann, J.A. (2006). " 9717: 9530: 9121: 8879: 8583: 7675: 7625: 7243: 7191:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 5924:part of a different family of pseudosuchians, the 2763:A paratypothoracin diagnosed from skull fragments 1504:. These two genera were originally named from the 801:is similar to rauisuchians, other traits are more 9078:Harris, S.R.; Gower, D.J.; Wilkinson, M. (2002). 8980: 8965:20.500.11820/24322ff3-e80e-45f2-8d53-d35fd104195c 7411: 6985:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 6832:until January 2007, when Parker's description of 4262:More recently, a 2007 analysis by paleontologist 3552:A small basal aetosaurine originally assigned to 10882: 9619:"Late Triassic aetosaur biochronology revisited" 9533:Geological Society, London, Special Publications 8514:"Late Triassic aetosaur biochronology revisited" 7702: 7063:Geological Society, London, Special Publications 6796:New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science 4195:were split into two different clades with their 1933:which is now lost. Possibly a junior synonym of 1746:, aetosaurs were later placed in a group called 1338:. They considered Aetosauria to be one of three 1259:, an order of reptiles that includes the living 588:, based primarily on broad differences in skull 412:) are heavily armored reptiles belonging to the 10193:University of California Museum of Paleontology 9661: 9624:. In Lucas, S.G. & Spielmann, J.A. (eds.). 8851:Olsen, P.E.; Baird, D. (1988). "The ichnogenus 8115:Sawin, H.J. (1947). "The pseudosuchian reptile 4270:. Based on the tree, Parker defined the clades 1629:, which, along with South America, was part of 489:, "lizard")). They were medium- to large-sized 10183:Aetosauria Translation and Pronunciation Guide 8850: 8254:Lucas, S.G.; Heckert, A.B.; Huber, P. (1998). 1228:. However, Cope considered these genera to be 10215: 9891:"Aetogate: Martz's response to Spencer Lucas" 7721: 7719: 6136:have been reinterpreted as those of aetosaur 5997:Aetosaurs were herbivores, likely feeding on 5947:, it has a maxilla that fits into the jugal. 1342:of the order Crocodilia, the other two being 686:and a small specimen tentatively referred to 9917:"Aetogate: asking for answers in New Mexico" 9819:The Triassic-Jurassic Terrestrial Transition 9743:The Triassic-Jurassic Terrestrial Transition 9039:Parrish, J.M. (1994). "Cranial osteology of 7728:"The Aetosaur Paper that Changed Everything" 4368:containing all taxa more closely related to 1787: 1308:was found from the eastern United States in 516:. All known aetosaurs are restricted to the 10293: 9352:. Regents of the University of California. 8670:Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 8362: 7992:. Vol. II. Nature. pp. 1180–1196. 7911:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 7909:, and on the evolution of the Crocodilia". 2000:A large desmatosuchian, closely related to 1536:was present in Africa, as fossils from the 1205: 1046:In most aetosaurs (a major exception being 566:Nearly all aetosaurs (except for the genus 10222: 10208: 10049:Aetogate: asking for answers in New Mexico 9786:Aetogate: asking for answers in New Mexico 9762:from the Late Triassic of Northern Arizona 9688:. In Lucas, S.G.; Spielmann, J.A. (eds.). 9612: 9610: 9467: 9465: 9381:(Reptilia: Archosauria: Stagonolepididae)" 9194: 9192: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8519:. In Lucas, S.G.; Spielmann, J.A. (eds.). 8249: 8247: 8196:. In Lucas, S.G.; Spielmann, J.A. (eds.). 8076: 7894:. Neuchâtel: Jent et Gassman. p. 171. 7817: 7716: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7044: 4109:, and the iliofibularis trochanter of the 3472:(Connecticut, New Jersey, North Carolina) 532:). Aetosaur fossil remains are known from 118: 27:Extinct order of heavily armoured reptiles 10367: 10094: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9560: 9445: 9396: 9385:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 9278: 9260: 9172: 9154: 9098: 8963: 8496: 8308: 7930: 7792: 7782: 7647: 7489: 7435: 7423:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 7317: 7299: 7202: 7156: 7138: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7004: 4076:belong. Parrish found Aetosauria to be a 3431:for other narrow-bodied basal aetosaurs. 1169:State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart 1071:Aetosaur material was first described by 9034: 9032: 9030: 9028: 8777: 8547: 8545: 8505: 8422: 8420: 8418: 8178: 8110: 8108: 8106: 6978: 6976: 6073: 5983: 5963: 5874: 1546: 1403: 1277: 1146: 1140:was not a fish, but a reptile. However, 1016: 950: 848:reinforcements between their vertebrae. 813:in particular was much shorter than the 766: 625: 10173:Archosauromorpha: Suchia (Aetosauridae) 9908: 9882: 9799: 9674: 9607: 9462: 9339: 9337: 9189: 9038: 8920: 8824: 8726:"Articulated skeletons of the aetosaur 8712: 8284: 8244: 8229:Santucci, V.L.; Kirkland, J.I. (2010). 8224: 8222: 8046:) from the Connecticut River Sandstone" 8002: 7979: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7887: 7682:(2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. 7670: 7621: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7353: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7238: 7234: 7232: 7230: 7184: 7180: 7178: 7176: 5870: 4403:Another finding of this study was that 3616:A typical wide-bodied paratypothoracin 1452:. Some remains have also been found in 1353: 1066: 14: 10883: 10071:"Fossil reptiles mired in controversy" 10068: 10036: 9782:"Timeline of publications and letters" 9768: 9755: 9666:. In Lucas, S.G.; Morales, M. (eds.). 9356:from the original on 24 September 2010 9301: 8636: 8475: 8317: 8137: 8082: 7984:Nicholson, H.A.; Lydekker, R. (1889). 7904: 7725: 7563: 7357: 7121:Parker, William G. (21 January 2016). 7120: 7021: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6810:was erected as a replacement name for 6677: 1167:in 1877. The skeletons are now in the 762: 10788: 10787: 10241: 10203: 10115: 10032:from the original on 11 October 2008. 10003:from the original on 11 October 2008. 9934: 9863: 9845:(M.Sc. thesis). Texas Tech University 9831: 9825: 9749: 9730: 9642: 9636: 9577: 9524: 9374: 9368: 9295: 9071: 9025: 8696: 8663: 8542: 8469: 8415: 8323: 8238:Geology of Utah's Parks and Monuments 8114: 8103: 8039: 8033: 7996: 7953: 7898: 7825:Aetosaurs 101: Osteoderm Nomenclature 7664: 7557: 7514: 7246:Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution 6982: 6973: 6715:terrestrial strata. Since the FAD of 4148:, and another polytomy that included 2921:A desmatosuchin often conflated with 2339:An indeterminate aetosaur similar to 1683:are often associated with aetosaurs. 771:Life restoration and size diagram of 605:. Aetosaurs were later recognized as 10062: 9878:from the original on 28 August 2008. 9711: 9655: 9405: 9334: 9115: 8873: 8844: 8818: 8771: 8630: 8577: 8219: 7970: 7947: 7881: 7696: 7612: 7334: 7269: 7267: 7227: 7173: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7100: 6760:. These biochrons occurred from the 6170: 4372:than to the last common ancestor of 4116:In Parrish's phylogenetic analysis, 1625:. Aetosaurs have also been found in 1472:. Aetosaurs are also known from the 1292:A third North American genus called 1097:, but considered the fossil to be a 828:attached to a lower position on the 630:Aetosaur skull reconstructions: (A) 8936:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8607: 8584:Lucas, S.G.; Heckert, A.P. (2002). 8297:Meddelelser om Grønland, Geoscience 7706:Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 7412:Gower, D. J.; Walker A. D. (2002). 7405: 7371:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6913: 6839:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6679:Axis scale: millions of years ago. 5906:. One phylogenetic analysis places 2541:(Adamanian - earliest Revueltian?) 2452:A poorly-known aetosaur similar to 24: 10023:Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 9994:Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 9304:"Reclassification of the reptilia" 9202:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9045:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8737:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8590:biochron, Late Triassic of Pangea" 8555:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8373:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8324:Lucas, S.G. (1998). "The aetosaur 7763:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7628:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7523:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6879:Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 6145:whether they had wide bodies like 4029:was first investigated in 1994 by 1440:. Most fossils have been found in 25: 10912: 10136: 9758:Description of a new specimen of 7923:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1875.031.01-04.29 7726:Parker, Bill (13 February 2009). 7264: 7097: 5968:In 1904, American paleontologist 4239:is the most basal aetosaur, that 4167:A later study by paleontologists 4105:, the intracondylar ridge of the 1783: 1716: 1544:have been referred to the genus. 1244:, recognized that remains of the 1224:in 1877, both of which were from 296:Stagonolepidoidea / Desmatosuchia 10768: 10767: 10749: 10157: 10143: 10131:, 2nd ed. Blackwell Science Ltd. 9662:Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P. (1993). 9398:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00028.x 9346:"Introduction to the Aetosauria" 8664:Knoll, Fabien (1 January 2004). 8138:Walker, A. D. (31 August 1961). 7608:https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24798 7454:"Osteology and relationships of 7437:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00023.x 6794:In 2007, paleontologists at the 6156: 3728: 3691: 3648: 3642:(latest Adamanian - Revueltian) 3582: 3525: 3462: 3434: 3401: 3388: 3336: 3306: 3269: 3207: 3155: 3106: 3076: 3033: 3020: 3007: 2976: 2953: 2895: 2866: 2841: 2788: 2746: 2672: 2624: 2595: 2546: 2492: 2433: 2374: 2319: 2265: 2231: 2224:A small (1.5 m, 5 ft long) 2193: 2180: 2167: 2131: 2103: 2090: 2038: 1974: 1944: 1903: 1865:A valid species of non-aetosaur 1835: 1151:The articulated skeletons of 22 621: 424: 379: 141: 50: 10007: 9979: 9864:Lucas, Spencer (3 March 2008). 9857: 9835:The morphology and ontogeny of 9632:. Vol. 41. pp. 49–50. 9515: 9228: 9130: 8657: 8498:10.4067/s0716-02082003000100004 8356: 8131: 7834: 7823:Bill Parker (12 August 2009). " 7746: 7606:. The Anatomical Record, 1–20. 7596: 7445: 5958: 5902:that fits into a groove of the 3452:Junior synonym or Nomen dubium 1399: 961:, showing osteoderm terminology 10229: 10189:Introduction to the Aetosauria 9214:10.1080/02724634.2012.10635175 9065:10.1080/02724634.1994.10011552 8273:(6): 1215–1230. Archived from 8085:"Who Has Worked on Aetosaurs?" 8083:Parker, Bill (9 August 2009). 7658:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011122 7568:(Archosauria: Pseudosuchia)". 7360:"Reassessment of the aetosaur 6700:, has been used to define the 6596: 6116: 4211:was included in the analysis. 3592:(Texas, New Mexico, Arizona?) 2464:in age, rather than Triassic. 1929:A dubious aetosaur based on a 1771: 1282:Photograph of the carapace of 616: 13: 1: 8834:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 8563:10.1080/02724634.2023.2253292 8350:10.1016/S1251-8050(98)80211-5 8310:10.7146/moggeosci.v32i.140904 7784:10.1080/02724634.2020.1794885 7015:10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00117-5 6906: 6780:"Aetogate" naming controversy 6097:, assumed to be aetosaur and 5435: Stagonolepidinae 3658:(Arizona, Texas, New Mexico) 3030:(Arizona, New Mexico, Texas), 1492:have been recovered from the 937:and the early desmatosuchine 9418:Paläontologische Zeitschrift 8906:10.1080/10420940.2011.632456 8393:10.1080/02724634.2010.483536 7859:10.5710/AMGH.05.09.2021.3426 7678:Evolution of the Vertebrates 7301:10.1371/journal.pone.0201450 7250:. W.H. Freeman and Company. 3756: 2556:(Texas, Arizona, New Mexico) 2403:A desmatosuchian similar to 2214:Calcare di Zorzino Formation 1288:, described by Marsh in 1896 1134:Geological Society of London 1079:in 1844. He named the genus 977:or spongy bone (also called 485: 7: 8050:American Journal of Science 6719:is at the beginning of the 6678: 6299: 6046:proposed that the aetosaur 5631: Desmatosuchini 4358:most recent common ancestor 4187:aetosaurs differed in that 4126:most recent common ancestor 2925:, which it coexisted with. 2619:? (Adamanian - Revueltian) 1721: 1532:. It is also possible that 10: 10917: 9501:10.2110/palo.2005.p05-137r 8485:Revista Geológica de Chile 8022:(16): 1–27. Archived from 7831:. Accessed 8 January 2010. 7590:10.1016/j.crpv.2005.03.002 6812:"Desmatosuchus" chamaensis 6783: 6705:land vertebrate faunachron 5584:Adamanasuchus eisenhardtae 5427: Desmatosuchia 5343:Paratypothorax andressorum 5257:Rioarribasuchus chamaensis 1705:Dinosaur National Monument 1668:are also unsubstantiated. 1061: 639:Paratypothorax andressorum 477: 469: 10901:Late Triassic extinctions 10796: 10763: 10746: 10676: 10620: 10607: 10579: 10570: 10506: 10454: 10444: 10413: 10404: 10393: 10378: 10363: 10344: 10320: 10302: 10289: 10237: 9438:10.1007/s12542-009-0032-6 9011:10.11646/zootaxa.3166.1.1 8956:10.1080/14772010903537732 8804:10.1080/10420940009380164 8757:10.1080/02724631003763524 8042:"A new belodont reptile ( 7905:Huxley, T.H. (1875). "On 7456:Revueltosaurus callenderi 7391:10.1017/S1477201906001994 6822:to the newly named genus 5891:Revueltosaurus callenderi 5881:Revueltosaurus callenderi 5753: 5736: 5729: 5712: 5705: 5688: 5681: 5664: 5657: 5640: 5633: 5597: 5580: 5573: 5556: 5549: 5542: 5525: 5518: 5499: 5492: 5461: 5444: 5437: 5429: 5339: 5321: 5314: 5297: 5290: 5277: 5270: 5253: 5246: 5215: 5198: 5191: 5184: 5167: 5160: 5138: 5121: 5114: 5097: 5090: 5078: 5056: 5049: 4946: 4929: 4922: 4905: 4888: 4881: 4864: 4857: 4831: 4814: 4807: 4800: 4783: 4776: 4747: 4730: 4723: 4715: 4652: 4636: 4629: 4612: 4605: 4588: 4581: 4555: 4538: 4521: 4514: 4507: 4487: 4470: 4463: 4453: 4433: 4426: 4380:". The 2012 study placed 4346:A new genus of aetosaur, 4222:In 2003, paleontologists 4156:, and a clade containing 4120:was found to be the most 3978: 3945: 3930: 3923: 3908: 3893: 3886: 3862: 3847: 3840: 3833: 3818: 3811: 3791: 3784: 3743:Lower Dharmaram Formation 3606:Bluewater Creek Formation 3001:(Adamanian - Revueltian) 1923:Bluewater Creek Formation 1648:Lower Dharmaram Formation 1466:Canyonlands National Park 1392:'s 1961 redescription of 1122:due to their large size. 328:Heckert & Lucas, 2000 278:Heckert & Lucas, 2000 254: 249: 138:Scientific classification 136: 126: 117: 34: 10896:Norian first appearances 9760:Desmatosuchus haplocerus 9414:Neoaetosauroides engaeus 9379:Desmatosuchus haplocerus 9262:10.1186/1471-2148-14-128 9241:BMC Evolutionary Biology 8456:10.1016/j.gr.2006.05.011 7362:Desmatosuchus chamaensis 6177: 6142:lines of arrested growth 6080:Desmatosuchus haplocerus 6069: 5909:Turfanosuchus dabanensis 5692:Sierritasuchus macalpini 5644:Gorgetosuchus pekinensis 5529:Neoaetosauroides engaeus 5301:Tecovasuchus chatterjeei 2905:(Texas, North Carolina) 2502:(Texas, North Carolina) 1871:Desmatosuchus spurensis. 1522:Timesgadiouine Formation 1370:(described in detail by 1312:. Marsh also recognized 1206:First American aetosaurs 946: 504:more closely related to 500:, part of the branch of 10128:Vertebrate Paleontology 9308:The American Naturalist 8639:Desmatosuchus spurensis 8121:Journal of Paleontology 7932:2027/hvd.32044107172884 7907:Stagonolepis Robertsoni 7416:Stagonolepis robertsoni 6939:Journal of Paleontology 6800:Albuquerque, New Mexico 6290:−200 — 6280:−205 — 6270:−210 — 6260:−215 — 6250:−220 — 6240:−225 — 6230:−230 — 6220:−235 — 6210:−240 — 6200:−245 — 6190:−250 — 6180:−255 — 5992: 5939:that fits into a large 5757:Desmatosuchus spurensis 5465:Stagonolepis robertsoni 5448:Polesinesuchus aurelioi 5219:Redondasuchus rineharti 5142:Coahomasuchus kahleorum 4950:Desmatosuchus spurensis 4751:Stagonolepis robertsoni 4245:Stagonolepis robertsoni 4243:is the sister taxon of 3677:Cooper Canyon Formation 3672:Petrified Forest Member 3294:Cooper Canyon Formation 3227:Petrified Forest Member 3064:Fleming Fjord Formation 2968:Los Colorados Formation 2911:Colorado City Formation 2857:Colorado City Formation 2640:Cooper Canyon Formation 2563:Cooper Canyon Formation 2508:Colorado City Formation 2334:Ischigualasto Formation 2219:Fleming Fjord Formation 2118:Ischigualasto Formation 1601:Los Colorados Formation 1597:Ischigualasto Formation 1500:, on the east coast of 1494:Fleming Fjord Formation 1394:Stagonolepis robertsoni 1368:Desmatosuchus spurensis 1336:Henry Alleyne Nicholson 1163:and first described by 958:Stagonolepis robertsoni 774:Desmatosuchus spurensis 645:Stagonolepis robertsoni 9967:Cite journal requires 9668:The Nonmarine Triassic 9100:10.1080/10635150309341 8778:Avanzini, M. (2000). " 8706:The Nonmarine Triassic 8164:10.1098/rstb.1961.0007 8003:Gregory, J.T. (1953). 7757:Acaenasuchus geoffreyi 7570:Comptes Rendus Palevol 7358:Parker, W. G. (2007). 7185:Nesbitt, S.J. (2011). 6172:Aetosaur biochronology 6149:or narrow bodies like 6083: 5989: 5970:Henry Fairfield Osborn 5884: 5060:Aetosauroides scagliai 3782:Rauisuchiformes 3217:(New Mexico, Arizona) 3150:- Rhaetian (Apachean) 1738:, which included all " 1595:hail from the Carnian 1564: 1413: 1289: 1172: 1027: 962: 777: 721:supratemporal fenestra 660: 657:Aetosauroides scagliai 10863:Paleobiology Database 9837:Typothorax coccinarum 9756:Parker, W.G. (2003). 9375:Small, B. J. (2002). 9302:Osborn, H.F. (1904). 8728:Typothorax coccinarum 8476:Desojo, J.B. (2001). 8070:10.2475/ajs.s4-2.7.59 7755:"Skeletal Anatomy of 7462:The Anatomical Record 6836:was published in the 6733:and the start of the 6698:Typothorax coccinarum 6077: 5987: 5964:Early interpretations 5878: 5560:Calyptosuchus wellesi 5202:Typothorax coccinarum 5171:Apachesuchus heckerti 4734:Calyptosuchus wellesi 4140:, a clade containing 3682:Bull Canyon Formation 3416:Lossiemouth Sandstone 3236:Bull Canyon Formation 3119:Santa Maria Formation 3049:Lower Stubensandstein 2123:Santa Maria Formation 2053:Santa Maria Formation 1755:phylogenetic analyses 1710:Typothorax coccinarum 1653:Venkatasuchus armatus 1550: 1506:Lower Stubensandstein 1407: 1298:Othniel Charles Marsh 1281: 1251:actually belonged to 1150: 1087:Lossiemouth Sandstone 1024:Typothorax coccinarum 1020: 954: 770: 736:parabasisphenoid bone 629: 475:(aetos, "eagle") and 9832:Martz, J.W. (2002). 9699:on 27 September 2011 9377:"Cranial anatomy of 8825:Haubold, H. (1983). 8530:on 27 September 2011 8207:on 27 September 2011 8040:Marsh, O.C. (1896). 7888:Agassiz, L. (1844). 6078:Life restoration of 5879:Life restoration of 5871:Origin and evolution 5740:Desmatosuchus smalli 4933:Desmatosuchus smalli 3545:red siltstone member 2573:Santa Rosa Formation 2209:Lower Stubensandtein 1726:Aetosaurs belong to 1609:Caturrita Formations 1436:of the southwestern 1354:20th century updates 1271:, was reassigned to 1177:Lower Stubensandtein 1067:Early European finds 1021:Life restoration of 955:Skeletal diagram of 846:hyposphene-hypantrum 842:transverse processes 796:vertically with the 709:antorbital fenestrae 651:Desmatosuchus smalli 10151:Paleontology portal 10087:2008Natur.451..510D 10069:Dalton, R. (2008). 9690:The Global Triassic 9626:The Global Triassic 9545:2013GSLSP.379..413T 9493:2007Palai..22..465A 9430:2009PalZ...83..499D 9253:2014BMCEE..14..128B 9126:. 11–12: 1539–1587. 9057:1994JVPal..14..196P 8948:2010JSPal...8....3B 8898:2011Ichno..18..197L 8796:2000Ichno...7..243A 8749:2010JVPal..30..619H 8521:The Global Triassic 8448:2007GondR..11..303C 8385:2010JVPal..30.1100P 8342:1998CRASE.326..589L 8198:The Global Triassic 8156:1961RSPTB.244..103W 8062:1896AmJS....2...59M 7956:Aetosaurus ferratus 7954:Fraas, O. (1877). " 7775:2020JVPal..40E4885M 7640:1999JVPal..19...50H 7582:2005CRPal...4..327P 7383:2007JSPal...5...41P 7292:2018PLoSO..1301450B 7075:2013GSLSP.379..203D 6997:1998PPP...143..347L 6874:was not mentioned. 6758:Justin A. Spielmann 6089:In 1996, geologist 5937:antorbital fenestra 5242:Paratypothoracisini 5125:Aetosaurus ferratus 4276:Paratypothoracisini 3770:from Parrish (1994) 1376:"Typothorax" meadei 1267:. Another species, 1242:Friedrich von Huene 1212:Edward Drinker Cope 1130:Thomas Henry Huxley 763:Postcranial anatomy 734:passes through the 633:Aetosaurus ferratus 10116:General references 9156:10.7717/peerj.4368 9087:Systematic Biology 9041:Longosuchus meadei 8882:Brachychirotherium 7986:"Order Crocodilia" 7240:Carroll, Robert L. 7140:10.7717/peerj.1583 6681:References: Lucas 6084: 5990: 5885: 5668:Longosuchus meadei 5601:Scutarx deltatylus 4177:temporal fenestrae 4072:, to which living 4034:J. Michael Parrish 3556:a close relative. 2718:Junior synonym of 2447:El Bordo Formation 1685:Brachychirotherium 1680:Brachychirotherium 1623:Antofagasta Region 1565: 1553:Brachychirotherium 1470:Zion National Park 1464:, particularly in 1414: 1290: 1173: 1155:, discovered near 1028: 963: 840:was enlarged, the 778: 661: 127:Skeletal mount of 10878: 10877: 10790:Taxon identifiers 10781: 10780: 10759: 10758: 10744: 10743: 10740: 10739: 10736: 10735: 10732: 10731: 10681:(Desmatosuchinae 10634:Aetobarbakinoides 10566: 10565: 10562: 10561: 10508:Paratypothoracini 10359: 10358: 10355: 10354: 10340: 10339: 9921:Miketaylor.org.uk 9895:Miketaylor.org.uk 8866:978-0-521-36779-0 8442:(2007): 303–310. 8436:Gondwana Research 8117:Typothorax meadei 7689:978-0-471-38461-8 7468:(10): 2353–2414. 7257:978-0-7167-1822-2 6895:Watergate scandal 6750:Andrew B. Heckert 6725:million years ago 6694: 6693: 6151:Aetobarbakinoides 6020:olecranon process 5867: 5866: 5858: 5857: 5849: 5848: 5840: 5839: 5831: 5830: 5822: 5821: 5813: 5812: 5804: 5803: 5795: 5794: 5786: 5785: 5777: 5776: 5768: 5767: 5621: 5620: 5612: 5611: 5476: 5475: 5417: 5416: 5408: 5407: 5399: 5398: 5390: 5389: 5381: 5380: 5372: 5371: 5363: 5362: 5354: 5353: 5230: 5229: 5101:Stenomyti huangae 5033: 5032: 5024: 5023: 5015: 5014: 5006: 5005: 4997: 4996: 4988: 4987: 4979: 4978: 4970: 4969: 4961: 4960: 4846: 4845: 4835:Aetobarbakinoides 4762: 4761: 4721:Stagonolepidinae 4704: 4703: 4695: 4694: 4686: 4685: 4677: 4676: 4668: 4667: 4570: 4569: 4349:Aetobarbakinoides 4264:William G. Parker 4169:Andrew B. Heckert 4099:fourth trochanter 4023: 4022: 4018: 4017: 4009: 4008: 4000: 3999: 3991: 3990: 3967: 3966: 3958: 3957: 3875: 3874: 3754: 3753: 3596:Tecovas Formation 3487:Sanford Formation 3482:Passaic Formation 3429:wastebasket taxon 3352:Tecovas Formation 3279:(Arizona, Texas) 3171:Redonda Formation 2890:? (Otischalkian) 2836:? (Otischalkian) 2759:Grabowa Formation 2682:(North Carolina) 2667:? (Otischalkian) 2568:Tecovas Formation 2487:? (Otischalkian) 2398:Tecovas Formation 2384:(Arizona, Texas) 2280:Redonda Formation 2017:Aetobarbakinoides 1689:Rio Grande do Sul 1674:belonging to the 1613:Rio Grande do Sul 1538:Zarzaitine Series 1474:Newark Supergroup 1103:Old Red Sandstone 855:, exemplified by 834:fourth trochanter 372: 371: 329: 304: 279: 245: 45:231.4–201.4 16:(Redirected from 10908: 10871: 10870: 10858: 10857: 10845: 10844: 10832: 10831: 10830: 10817: 10816: 10815: 10785: 10784: 10771: 10770: 10754: 10753: 10658:Neoaetosauroides 10618: 10617: 10581:Stagonolepidinae 10577: 10576: 10452: 10451: 10411: 10410: 10402: 10401: 10396:Stagonolepididae 10376: 10375: 10365: 10364: 10300: 10299: 10291: 10290: 10284: 10283: 10239: 10238: 10224: 10217: 10210: 10201: 10200: 10167: 10162: 10161: 10160: 10153: 10148: 10147: 10146: 10109: 10108: 10098: 10066: 10060: 10059: 10057: 10055: 10045:"Press Coverage" 10040: 10034: 10033: 10031: 10020: 10011: 10005: 10004: 10002: 9991: 9983: 9977: 9976: 9970: 9965: 9963: 9955: 9954:on 14 July 2010. 9953: 9946: 9938: 9932: 9931: 9929: 9927: 9912: 9906: 9905: 9903: 9901: 9886: 9880: 9879: 9877: 9870: 9861: 9855: 9854: 9852: 9850: 9844: 9829: 9823: 9822: 9816: 9803: 9797: 9796: 9794: 9792: 9777: 9766: 9765: 9753: 9747: 9746: 9734: 9728: 9727: 9715: 9709: 9708: 9706: 9704: 9698: 9687: 9678: 9672: 9671: 9659: 9653: 9652: 9640: 9634: 9633: 9623: 9614: 9605: 9604: 9594: 9581: 9575: 9574: 9564: 9553:10.1144/SP379.19 9528: 9522: 9519: 9513: 9512: 9478: 9469: 9460: 9459: 9449: 9409: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9372: 9366: 9365: 9363: 9361: 9341: 9332: 9331: 9299: 9293: 9292: 9282: 9264: 9232: 9226: 9225: 9208:(Supp. 1): 149. 9196: 9187: 9186: 9176: 9158: 9134: 9128: 9127: 9119: 9113: 9112: 9102: 9084: 9075: 9069: 9068: 9036: 9023: 9022: 8996: 8987: 8978: 8977: 8967: 8933: 8924: 8918: 8917: 8877: 8871: 8870: 8848: 8842: 8841: 8831: 8822: 8816: 8815: 8775: 8769: 8768: 8734: 8721: 8710: 8709: 8700: 8694: 8693: 8682:10.2113/175.1.73 8661: 8655: 8654: 8634: 8628: 8627: 8611: 8605: 8604: 8594: 8581: 8575: 8574: 8549: 8540: 8539: 8537: 8535: 8529: 8518: 8509: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8482: 8473: 8467: 8466: 8464: 8458:. Archived from 8433: 8424: 8413: 8412: 8379:(4): 1100–1108. 8367:Lucasuchus hunti 8360: 8354: 8353: 8321: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8288: 8282: 8281: 8280:on 9 March 2012. 8279: 8264: 8251: 8242: 8241: 8235: 8226: 8217: 8216: 8214: 8212: 8206: 8195: 8182: 8176: 8175: 8150:(709): 103–204. 8135: 8129: 8128: 8112: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8096: 8080: 8074: 8073: 8037: 8031: 8030: 8029:on 27 June 2010. 8028: 8017: 8000: 7994: 7993: 7981: 7968: 7967: 7951: 7945: 7944: 7934: 7917:(1–4): 423–438. 7902: 7896: 7895: 7885: 7879: 7878: 7838: 7832: 7821: 7815: 7814: 7796: 7786: 7750: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7723: 7714: 7713: 7700: 7694: 7693: 7681: 7668: 7662: 7661: 7651: 7623: 7610: 7600: 7594: 7593: 7561: 7555: 7554: 7518: 7512: 7511: 7493: 7474:10.1002/ar.24757 7449: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7409: 7403: 7402: 7368: 7355: 7332: 7331: 7321: 7303: 7271: 7262: 7261: 7249: 7236: 7225: 7224: 7206: 7182: 7171: 7170: 7160: 7142: 7118: 7095: 7094: 7083:10.1144/SP379.17 7054: 7019: 7018: 7008: 6980: 6971: 6970: 6925:Heckert, A. B.; 6922: 6802:were accused of 6746:Spencer G. Lucas 6685:(1998), Heckert 6670: 6659: 6648: 6637: 6626: 6615: 6604: 6528: 6517: 6506: 6495: 6484: 6473: 6461: 6450: 6433: 6412: 6390: 6352: 6325: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6168: 6095:Chinle Formation 6091:Stephen Hasiotis 6056:Neoaetosauroides 6052:Neoaetosauroides 5941:antorbital fossa 5732: 5731: 5716:Lucasuchus hunti 5708: 5707: 5684: 5683: 5660: 5659: 5636: 5635: 5576: 5575: 5552: 5551: 5545: 5544: 5521: 5520: 5495: 5494: 5440: 5439: 5432: 5431: 5317: 5316: 5293: 5292: 5273: 5272: 5249: 5248: 5194: 5193: 5187: 5186: 5163: 5162: 5117: 5116: 5093: 5092: 5081: 5080: 5074:Stagonolepididae 5052: 5051: 5040: 5039: 4925: 4924: 4884: 4883: 4860: 4859: 4810: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4787:Neoaetosauroides 4779: 4778: 4726: 4725: 4718: 4717: 4632: 4631: 4608: 4607: 4584: 4583: 4517: 4516: 4510: 4509: 4504:Typothoracisinae 4466: 4465: 4456: 4455: 4450:Stagonolepididae 4429: 4428: 4419: 4418: 4366:stem-based taxon 4280:stem-based taxon 4272:Typothoracisinae 4257:Neoaetosauroides 4173:Spencer G. Lucas 4138:Neoaetosauroides 4054:Neoaetosauroides 3981:Neoaetosauroides 3926: 3925: 3889: 3888: 3843: 3842: 3836: 3835: 3814: 3813: 3787: 3786: 3779: 3778: 3761: 3760: 3734: 3732: 3731: 3695: 3664:Chinle Formation 3654: 3652: 3651: 3610:Blue Mesa Member 3588: 3586: 3585: 3541:Chinle Formation 3531: 3529: 3528: 3476:New Haven Arkose 3468: 3466: 3465: 3438: 3407: 3405: 3404: 3394: 3392: 3391: 3342: 3340: 3339: 3310: 3285:Chinle Formation 3275: 3273: 3272: 3223:Chinle Formation 3213: 3211: 3210: 3161: 3159: 3158: 3112: 3110: 3109: 3080: 3054:Chinle Formation 3039: 3037: 3036: 3026: 3024: 3023: 3013: 3011: 3010: 2980: 2959: 2957: 2956: 2935:Neoaetosauroides 2901: 2899: 2898: 2870: 2847: 2845: 2844: 2806:Blue Mesa Member 2802:Chinle Formation 2794: 2792: 2791: 2752: 2750: 2749: 2678: 2676: 2675: 2630: 2628: 2627: 2599: 2582:Blue Mesa Member 2578:Chinle Formation 2552: 2550: 2549: 2498: 2496: 2495: 2439: 2437: 2436: 2394:Blue Mesa Member 2390:Chinle Formation 2380: 2378: 2377: 2325: 2323: 2322: 2271: 2269: 2268: 2235: 2199: 2197: 2196: 2186: 2184: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2170: 2135: 2109: 2107: 2106: 2096: 2094: 2093: 2044: 2042: 2041: 1994:Blue Mesa Member 1990:Chinle Formation 1980: 1978: 1977: 1948: 1909: 1907: 1906: 1855:Blue Mesa Member 1851:Chinle Formation 1841: 1839: 1838: 1823:Non-aetosaurian 1803:Geological unit 1788: 1768:Neoaetosauroides 1635:Maleri Formation 1592:Neoaetosauroides 1583:. In Argentina, 1430:Chinle Formation 1329:Richard Lydekker 1115:lobe-finned fish 907:Neoaetosauroides 692:, is typical of 577:Stagonolepididae 572:) belong to the 488: 482: 481: 474: 473: 462: 461: 458: 457: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 439: 436: 433: 430: 411: 410: 407: 406: 403: 400: 397: 394: 391: 388: 385: 355: 345: 334: 323: 321:Stagonolepidinae 319: 309: 298: 294: 284: 273: 271:Stagonolepididae 269: 259: 243: 238: 225: 146: 145: 122: 112: 49: 38:Temporal range: 32: 31: 21: 18:Stagonolepididae 10916: 10915: 10911: 10910: 10909: 10907: 10906: 10905: 10881: 10880: 10879: 10874: 10866: 10861: 10853: 10848: 10840: 10835: 10826: 10825: 10820: 10811: 10810: 10805: 10792: 10782: 10777: 10755: 10748: 10728: 10682: 10680: 10672: 10611: 10609:Desmatosuchinae 10603: 10558: 10539:Rioarribasuchus 10502: 10440: 10398: 10389: 10372: 10351: 10336: 10316: 10285: 10279:Aetosauriformes 10244: 10243: 10233: 10228: 10165:Reptiles portal 10163: 10158: 10156: 10149: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10134: 10118: 10113: 10112: 10096:10.1038/451510a 10067: 10063: 10053: 10051: 10041: 10037: 10029: 10018: 10012: 10008: 10000: 9996:. 23 May 2008. 9989: 9985: 9984: 9980: 9968: 9966: 9957: 9956: 9951: 9944: 9940: 9939: 9935: 9925: 9923: 9913: 9909: 9899: 9897: 9887: 9883: 9875: 9868: 9862: 9858: 9848: 9846: 9842: 9830: 9826: 9814: 9804: 9800: 9790: 9788: 9778: 9769: 9754: 9750: 9739:Rioarribasuchus 9735: 9731: 9716: 9712: 9702: 9700: 9696: 9685: 9679: 9675: 9660: 9656: 9641: 9637: 9621: 9615: 9608: 9603:(6): 1215–1230. 9592: 9582: 9578: 9529: 9525: 9520: 9516: 9476: 9470: 9463: 9410: 9406: 9373: 9369: 9359: 9357: 9342: 9335: 9314:(446): 93–115. 9300: 9296: 9233: 9229: 9197: 9190: 9135: 9131: 9120: 9116: 9082: 9076: 9072: 9037: 9026: 8994: 8988: 8981: 8931: 8925: 8921: 8878: 8874: 8867: 8849: 8845: 8840:(1–2): 123–132. 8829: 8823: 8819: 8776: 8772: 8732: 8722: 8713: 8701: 8697: 8662: 8658: 8635: 8631: 8612: 8608: 8592: 8582: 8578: 8550: 8543: 8533: 8531: 8527: 8516: 8510: 8506: 8480: 8474: 8470: 8465:on 6 July 2011. 8462: 8431: 8425: 8416: 8361: 8357: 8322: 8318: 8289: 8285: 8277: 8262: 8252: 8245: 8233: 8227: 8220: 8210: 8208: 8204: 8193: 8183: 8179: 8136: 8132: 8113: 8104: 8094: 8092: 8081: 8077: 8038: 8034: 8026: 8015: 8001: 7997: 7982: 7971: 7952: 7948: 7903: 7899: 7886: 7882: 7839: 7835: 7822: 7818: 7769:(4): e1794885. 7751: 7747: 7737: 7735: 7724: 7717: 7701: 7697: 7690: 7669: 7665: 7649:10.1.1.563.9516 7624: 7613: 7601: 7597: 7562: 7558: 7519: 7515: 7450: 7446: 7410: 7406: 7366: 7356: 7335: 7286:(8): e0201450. 7272: 7265: 7258: 7237: 7228: 7183: 7174: 7119: 7098: 7055: 7022: 6981: 6974: 6923: 6914: 6909: 6891:Rioarribasuchus 6820:"D." chamaensis 6808:Rioarribasuchus 6792: 6786:Rioarribasuchus 6784:Main articles: 6782: 6690: 6680: 6673: 6672: 6671: 6666: 6662: 6661: 6660: 6655: 6651: 6650: 6649: 6644: 6640: 6639: 6638: 6633: 6629: 6628: 6627: 6622: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6611: 6607: 6606: 6605: 6600: 6594: 6593: 6592: 6587: 6586: 6585: 6580: 6579: 6578: 6573: 6572: 6571: 6566: 6565: 6564: 6559: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6551: 6550: 6545: 6544: 6543: 6538: 6537: 6536: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6524: 6520: 6519: 6518: 6513: 6509: 6508: 6507: 6502: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6491: 6487: 6486: 6485: 6480: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6463: 6462: 6457: 6453: 6452: 6451: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6436: 6435: 6434: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6415: 6414: 6413: 6408: 6404: 6403: 6402: 6393: 6392: 6391: 6386: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6365: 6364: 6355: 6354: 6353: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6327: 6326: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6303: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6173: 6159: 6119: 6072: 5995: 5966: 5961: 5873: 5868: 5859: 5850: 5841: 5832: 5823: 5814: 5805: 5796: 5787: 5778: 5769: 5622: 5613: 5488:Desmatosuchinae 5477: 5418: 5409: 5400: 5391: 5382: 5373: 5364: 5355: 5231: 5034: 5025: 5016: 5007: 4998: 4989: 4980: 4971: 4962: 4847: 4773:Desmatosuchinae 4763: 4705: 4696: 4687: 4678: 4669: 4616:Rioarribasuchus 4571: 4224:Simon R. Harris 4070:Crocodylomorpha 4019: 4010: 4001: 3992: 3968: 3959: 3876: 3775: 3773: 3759: 3729: 3727: 3680: 3675: 3649: 3647: 3599: 3583: 3581: 3574:early - middle 3526: 3524: 3485: 3479: 3463: 3461: 3419: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3389: 3387: 3337: 3335: 3327:early - middle 3292: 3270: 3268: 3234: 3208: 3206: 3189:Rioarribasuchus 3156: 3154: 3107: 3105: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3043: 3034: 3032: 3031: 3021: 3019: 3018: 3008: 3006: 2954: 2952: 2916:Pekin Formation 2914: 2896: 2894: 2859: 2842: 2840: 2789: 2787: 2780:early - middle 2747: 2745: 2721:Rioarribasuchus 2709:Junior synonym 2688:Pekin Formation 2673: 2671: 2625: 2623: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2557: 2547: 2545: 2537:early - middle 2513:Pekin Formation 2511: 2493: 2491: 2434: 2432: 2375: 2373: 2365:early - middle 2320: 2318: 2295:Argentinosuchus 2266: 2264: 2217: 2212: 2203: 2194: 2192: 2191: 2181: 2179: 2178: 2168: 2166: 2161:? (Revueltian) 2121: 2104: 2102: 2101: 2091: 2089: 2039: 2037: 1975: 1973: 1965:early - middle 1904: 1902: 1836: 1834: 1786: 1724: 1719: 1691:in Paleorrota, 1687:are known from 1644:Paratypothorax, 1402: 1384:, described by 1356: 1257:Rhynchocephalia 1208: 1075:paleontologist 1069: 1064: 1048:desmatosuchines 1006:crocodylomorphs 949: 933:-most aetosaur 875:Desmatosuchinae 871:desmatosuchines 765: 748:crocodylomorphs 624: 619: 427: 423: 382: 378: 324:Lydekker, 1887 312:Desmatosuchinae 274:Lydekker, 1887 242: 236: 227:Aetosauriformes 223: 140: 113: 111: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 44: 43: 36: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10914: 10904: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10876: 10875: 10873: 10872: 10859: 10846: 10833: 10818: 10802: 10800: 10794: 10793: 10779: 10778: 10776: 10775: 10764: 10761: 10760: 10757: 10756: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10741: 10738: 10737: 10734: 10733: 10730: 10729: 10727: 10726: 10723:Sierritasuchus 10719: 10712: 10705: 10697: 10689: 10687: 10678:Desmatosuchini 10674: 10673: 10671: 10670: 10662: 10654: 10646: 10638: 10630: 10621: 10615: 10605: 10604: 10602: 10601: 10594: 10591:Polesinesuchus 10586: 10584: 10574: 10568: 10567: 10564: 10563: 10560: 10559: 10557: 10556: 10549: 10542: 10535: 10532:Paratypothorax 10528: 10521: 10512: 10510: 10504: 10503: 10501: 10500: 10493: 10486: 10479: 10471: 10463: 10455: 10449: 10446:Typothoracinae 10442: 10441: 10439: 10438: 10430: 10422: 10414: 10408: 10399: 10394: 10391: 10390: 10388: 10387: 10379: 10373: 10368: 10361: 10360: 10357: 10356: 10353: 10352: 10345: 10342: 10341: 10338: 10337: 10335: 10334: 10333: 10332: 10326: 10324: 10318: 10317: 10315: 10314: 10313: 10312: 10303: 10297: 10287: 10286: 10282: 10281: 10272: 10263: 10257: 10251: 10235: 10234: 10227: 10226: 10219: 10212: 10204: 10196: 10195: 10186: 10185:- Ben Creisler 10180: 10169: 10168: 10154: 10138: 10137:External links 10135: 10133: 10132: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10111: 10110: 10061: 10035: 10006: 9978: 9969:|journal= 9933: 9907: 9881: 9856: 9824: 9798: 9767: 9748: 9729: 9710: 9673: 9654: 9635: 9606: 9576: 9539:(1): 413–423. 9523: 9514: 9487:(5): 465–475. 9461: 9424:(4): 499–510. 9404: 9367: 9333: 9320:10.1086/278383 9294: 9227: 9188: 9129: 9114: 9070: 9051:(2): 196–209. 9024: 8979: 8919: 8892:(4): 197–208. 8872: 8865: 8843: 8817: 8790:(4): 243–251. 8770: 8743:(3): 619–642. 8711: 8695: 8656: 8629: 8606: 8576: 8541: 8504: 8468: 8414: 8355: 8336:(8): 589–594. 8316: 8283: 8243: 8218: 8177: 8130: 8102: 8075: 8032: 7995: 7969: 7946: 7897: 7880: 7853:(6): 464–484. 7833: 7816: 7745: 7715: 7695: 7688: 7672:Colbert, E. H. 7663: 7611: 7595: 7576:(4): 327–340. 7556: 7529:(2): 692–701. 7513: 7444: 7404: 7333: 7263: 7256: 7226: 7172: 7096: 7069:(1): 203–239. 7020: 7006:10.1.1.572.872 6991:(4): 347–384. 6972: 6945:(5): 852–863. 6911: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6816:William Parker 6781: 6778: 6754:Adrian P. Hunt 6713:Early Jurassic 6696:One aetosaur, 6692: 6691: 6675: 6674: 6665: 6664: 6663: 6654: 6653: 6652: 6643: 6642: 6641: 6635:Paratypothorax 6632: 6631: 6630: 6621: 6620: 6619: 6610: 6609: 6608: 6599: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6590: 6589: 6588: 6583: 6582: 6581: 6576: 6575: 6574: 6569: 6568: 6567: 6562: 6561: 6560: 6555: 6554: 6553: 6548: 6547: 6546: 6541: 6540: 6539: 6534: 6533: 6532: 6523: 6522: 6521: 6512: 6511: 6510: 6501: 6500: 6499: 6490: 6489: 6488: 6479: 6478: 6477: 6467: 6466: 6465: 6456: 6455: 6454: 6439: 6438: 6437: 6418: 6417: 6416: 6407: 6406: 6405: 6396: 6395: 6394: 6369: 6368: 6367: 6358: 6357: 6356: 6331: 6330: 6329: 6302: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6171: 6158: 6155: 6129:Revueltosaurus 6118: 6115: 6071: 6068: 5994: 5991: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5949:Revueltosaurus 5945:Revueltosaurus 5926:gracilisuchids 5914:Revueltosaurus 5896:Revueltosaurus 5872: 5869: 5865: 5864: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5847: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5838: 5837: 5834: 5833: 5829: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5820: 5819: 5816: 5815: 5811: 5810: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5793: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5784: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5775: 5774: 5771: 5770: 5766: 5765: 5762: 5761: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5735: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5711: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5687: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5673: 5672: 5663: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5639: 5634: 5632: 5628: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5619: 5618: 5615: 5614: 5610: 5609: 5606: 5605: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5579: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5565: 5564: 5555: 5550: 5548: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5524: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5498: 5493: 5491: 5483: 5482: 5479: 5478: 5474: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5443: 5438: 5436: 5430: 5428: 5424: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5415: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5406: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5396: 5393: 5392: 5388: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5379: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5370: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5361: 5360: 5357: 5356: 5352: 5351: 5348: 5347: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5331: 5330: 5325:Paratypothorax 5320: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5296: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5285: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5252: 5247: 5245: 5237: 5236: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5197: 5192: 5190: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5166: 5161: 5159: 5156:Typothoracinae 5151: 5150: 5147: 5146: 5137: 5134: 5133: 5130: 5129: 5120: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5096: 5091: 5089: 5079: 5077: 5069: 5068: 5065: 5064: 5055: 5050: 5048: 5038: 5031: 5030: 5027: 5026: 5022: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5012: 5009: 5008: 5004: 5003: 5000: 4999: 4995: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4986: 4985: 4982: 4981: 4977: 4976: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4967: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4958: 4955: 4954: 4945: 4942: 4941: 4938: 4937: 4928: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4892:Sierritasuchus 4887: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4863: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4839: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4823: 4822: 4818:Polesinesuchus 4813: 4808: 4806: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4782: 4777: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4746: 4743: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4729: 4724: 4722: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4693: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4684: 4683: 4680: 4679: 4675: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4666: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4656:Paratypothorax 4651: 4648: 4647: 4644: 4643: 4639:Paratypothorax 4635: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4611: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4600: 4597: 4596: 4587: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4568: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4520: 4515: 4513: 4508: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4486: 4483: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4469: 4464: 4462: 4454: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4432: 4427: 4425: 4417: 4340:Revueltosaurus 4232:Mark Wilkinson 4228:David J. Gower 4193:Paratypothorax 4158:Paratypothorax 4082:synapomorphies 4031:paleontologist 4021: 4020: 4016: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4007: 4006: 4003: 4002: 3998: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3989: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3964: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3955: 3952: 3951: 3948:Paratypothorax 3944: 3941: 3940: 3937: 3936: 3929: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3918: 3915: 3914: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3892: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3861: 3858: 3857: 3854: 3853: 3846: 3841: 3839: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3817: 3812: 3810: 3802: 3801: 3798: 3797: 3794:Prestosuchidae 3790: 3785: 3783: 3777: 3764: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3739: 3724: 3712: 3707: 3697: 3696: 3689: 3686: 3668:Sonsela Member 3660: 3644: 3638:middle - late 3635: 3630: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3593: 3579: 3572: 3569: 3561: 3560: 3558: 3549: 3537: 3521: 3514: 3511: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3490: 3473: 3459: 3453: 3450: 3440: 3439: 3432: 3425: 3412: 3384: 3379: 3376: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3360:Desmatosuchus. 3355: 3348: 3332: 3325: 3322: 3318:Sierritasuchus 3312: 3311: 3304: 3297: 3289:Sonsela Member 3281: 3265: 3258: 3255: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3231:Sonsela Member 3219: 3203: 3198:middle - late 3196: 3193: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3174: 3167: 3151: 3144: 3141: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3121: 3116: 3103: 3093: 3090: 3087:Polesinesuchus 3082: 3081: 3074: 3067: 3045: 3003: 2995: 2992: 2988:Paratypothorax 2982: 2981: 2974: 2971: 2964: 2949: 2942: 2939: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2919: 2907: 2891: 2885: 2882: 2872: 2871: 2864: 2861: 2853: 2837: 2831: 2828: 2818: 2817: 2815: 2809: 2799: 2785: 2778: 2775: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2756: 2743: 2738: 2735: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2697: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2684: 2668: 2662: 2659: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2636: 2620: 2614: 2611: 2601: 2600: 2593: 2590: 2586:Sonsela Member 2559: 2542: 2535: 2532: 2522: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2504: 2488: 2482: 2479: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2449: 2444: 2429: 2424: 2421: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2401: 2386: 2370: 2363: 2360: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2337: 2330: 2315: 2306: 2299: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2276: 2261: 2250: 2247: 2237: 2236: 2229: 2222: 2205: 2163: 2150: 2147: 2137: 2136: 2129: 2126: 2114: 2086: 2077: 2074: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2056: 2049: 2034: 2024: 2021: 2011: 2010: 2008: 1998: 1986: 1970: 1963: 1960: 1950: 1949: 1942: 1927: 1915: 1899: 1893: 1886: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1863: 1859:Sonsela Member 1847: 1831: 1824: 1821: 1811: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1785: 1784:List of genera 1782: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1717:Classification 1715: 1662:crocodylomorph 1526:supercontinent 1490:Paratypothorax 1482:North Carolina 1401: 1398: 1355: 1352: 1321:(foot bones). 1238:Episcoposaurus 1222:Episcoposaurus 1207: 1204: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1004:, and certain 948: 945: 864:Paratypothorax 853:typothoracines 764: 761: 744:Revueltosaurus 705:external nares 623: 620: 618: 615: 595:Revueltosaurus 498:pseudosuchians 370: 369: 368: 367: 366: 365: 364: 363: 362: 361: 351: 348:Polesinesuchus 341: 315: 290: 265: 252: 251: 247: 246: 244:Lydekker, 1887 234: 230: 229: 221: 214: 213: 208: 201: 200: 195: 188: 187: 182: 178: 177: 172: 168: 167: 162: 158: 157: 152: 148: 147: 134: 133: 124: 123: 115: 114: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 37: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10913: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10888: 10886: 10869: 10864: 10860: 10856: 10851: 10847: 10843: 10838: 10834: 10829: 10823: 10819: 10814: 10808: 10804: 10803: 10801: 10799: 10795: 10791: 10786: 10774: 10766: 10765: 10762: 10752: 10725: 10724: 10720: 10718: 10717: 10713: 10711: 10710: 10706: 10703: 10702: 10701:Gorgetosuchus 10698: 10696: 10695: 10694:Desmatosuchus 10691: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10684:sensu stricto 10679: 10675: 10668: 10667: 10663: 10660: 10659: 10655: 10652: 10651: 10650:Chilenosuchus 10647: 10644: 10643: 10642:Calyptosuchus 10639: 10636: 10635: 10631: 10628: 10627: 10626:Adamanasuchus 10623: 10622: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10610: 10606: 10600: 10599: 10595: 10593: 10592: 10588: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10572:Desmatosuchia 10569: 10555: 10554: 10553:Venkatasuchus 10550: 10548: 10547: 10543: 10541: 10540: 10536: 10534: 10533: 10529: 10527: 10526: 10522: 10519: 10518: 10514: 10513: 10511: 10509: 10505: 10499: 10498: 10494: 10492: 10491: 10490:Redondasuchus 10487: 10485: 10484: 10480: 10477: 10476: 10475:Gorgetosuchus 10472: 10469: 10468: 10467:Chilenosuchus 10464: 10462: 10461: 10457: 10456: 10453: 10450: 10447: 10443: 10436: 10435: 10431: 10428: 10427: 10426:Coahomasuchus 10423: 10421: 10420: 10416: 10415: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10403: 10400: 10397: 10392: 10386: 10385: 10384:Aetosauroides 10381: 10380: 10377: 10374: 10371: 10366: 10362: 10350: 10349: 10343: 10330: 10329: 10328: 10327: 10325: 10323: 10319: 10311: 10307: 10306: 10305: 10304: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10292: 10288: 10280: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10258: 10256: 10252: 10250: 10246: 10245: 10240: 10236: 10232: 10225: 10220: 10218: 10213: 10211: 10206: 10205: 10202: 10198: 10194: 10190: 10187: 10184: 10181: 10178: 10174: 10171: 10170: 10166: 10155: 10152: 10141: 10130: 10129: 10124: 10123:Benton, M. J. 10121: 10120: 10106: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10088: 10084: 10081:(7178): 510. 10080: 10076: 10072: 10065: 10050: 10046: 10039: 10028: 10024: 10017: 10010: 9999: 9995: 9988: 9982: 9974: 9961: 9950: 9943: 9937: 9922: 9918: 9911: 9896: 9892: 9885: 9874: 9867: 9860: 9841: 9840: 9836: 9828: 9820: 9813: 9811: 9810:Redondasuchus 9808:"Revision of 9802: 9787: 9783: 9776: 9774: 9772: 9763: 9759: 9752: 9744: 9740: 9733: 9725: 9721: 9714: 9695: 9691: 9684: 9677: 9669: 9665: 9658: 9650: 9646: 9639: 9631: 9627: 9620: 9613: 9611: 9602: 9598: 9597:Palaeontology 9591: 9589: 9580: 9572: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9554: 9550: 9546: 9542: 9538: 9534: 9527: 9518: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9498: 9494: 9490: 9486: 9482: 9475: 9468: 9466: 9457: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9439: 9435: 9431: 9427: 9423: 9419: 9415: 9408: 9399: 9394: 9391:(1): 97–111. 9390: 9386: 9382: 9380: 9371: 9355: 9351: 9347: 9340: 9338: 9329: 9325: 9321: 9317: 9313: 9309: 9305: 9298: 9290: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9272: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9254: 9250: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9231: 9223: 9219: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9195: 9193: 9184: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9166: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9148: 9144: 9140: 9133: 9125: 9118: 9110: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9093:(2): 239–52. 9092: 9088: 9081: 9074: 9066: 9062: 9058: 9054: 9050: 9046: 9042: 9035: 9033: 9031: 9029: 9020: 9016: 9012: 9008: 9004: 9000: 8993: 8986: 8984: 8975: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8949: 8945: 8941: 8937: 8930: 8923: 8915: 8911: 8907: 8903: 8899: 8895: 8891: 8887: 8883: 8876: 8868: 8862: 8858: 8854: 8847: 8839: 8835: 8828: 8821: 8813: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8793: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8780:Synaptichnium 8774: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8754: 8750: 8746: 8742: 8738: 8731: 8729: 8720: 8718: 8716: 8707: 8699: 8691: 8687: 8683: 8679: 8675: 8671: 8667: 8660: 8652: 8648: 8644: 8643:Desmatosuchus 8640: 8633: 8625: 8621: 8617: 8610: 8602: 8598: 8591: 8589: 8588:Hyperodapedon 8580: 8572: 8568: 8564: 8560: 8556: 8548: 8546: 8526: 8522: 8515: 8508: 8499: 8494: 8490: 8486: 8479: 8472: 8461: 8457: 8453: 8449: 8445: 8441: 8437: 8430: 8423: 8421: 8419: 8410: 8406: 8402: 8398: 8394: 8390: 8386: 8382: 8378: 8374: 8370: 8368: 8359: 8351: 8347: 8343: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8327: 8320: 8311: 8306: 8302: 8298: 8294: 8287: 8276: 8272: 8268: 8267:Palaeontology 8261: 8259: 8250: 8248: 8239: 8232: 8225: 8223: 8203: 8199: 8192: 8190: 8181: 8173: 8169: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8149: 8145: 8141: 8134: 8127:(3): 201–238. 8126: 8122: 8118: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8090: 8086: 8079: 8071: 8067: 8063: 8059: 8055: 8051: 8047: 8045: 8036: 8025: 8021: 8014: 8012: 8011:Desmatosuchus 8008: 7999: 7991: 7987: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7965: 7961: 7957: 7950: 7942: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7924: 7920: 7916: 7912: 7908: 7901: 7893: 7892: 7884: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7856: 7852: 7848: 7844: 7837: 7830: 7826: 7820: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7758: 7749: 7733: 7729: 7722: 7720: 7711: 7707: 7699: 7691: 7685: 7680: 7679: 7673: 7667: 7659: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7641: 7637: 7633: 7629: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7609: 7605: 7599: 7591: 7587: 7583: 7579: 7575: 7571: 7567: 7566:Desmatosuchus 7560: 7552: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7517: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7457: 7448: 7438: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7424: 7419: 7417: 7408: 7400: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7372: 7365: 7363: 7354: 7352: 7350: 7348: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7338: 7329: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7285: 7281: 7277: 7270: 7268: 7259: 7253: 7248: 7247: 7241: 7235: 7233: 7231: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7205: 7204:10.1206/352.1 7200: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7181: 7179: 7177: 7168: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7150: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7117: 7115: 7113: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7101: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7041: 7039: 7037: 7035: 7033: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7025: 7016: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6979: 6977: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6934: 6928: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6912: 6904: 6902: 6901: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6883:Redondasuchus 6880: 6875: 6873: 6872:Redondasuchus 6868: 6867:Redondasuchus 6864: 6859: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6840: 6835: 6831: 6830: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6791: 6790:Redondasuchus 6787: 6777: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6738: 6736: 6732: 6731: 6730:Redondasaurus 6726: 6722: 6718: 6717:T. coccinarum 6714: 6710: 6706: 6703: 6699: 6688: 6684: 6676: 6669: 6658: 6657:Desmatosuchus 6647: 6636: 6625: 6614: 6603: 6602:Redondasuchus 6527: 6516: 6505: 6494: 6483: 6471: 6460: 6449: 6432: 6411: 6401: 6400: 6389: 6388: 6363: 6362: 6351: 6350: 6324: 6323: 6176: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6163:biochronology 6157:Biochronology 6154: 6152: 6148: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6134:Desmatosuchus 6131: 6130: 6125: 6124:Calyptosuchus 6114: 6111: 6106: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6087: 6081: 6076: 6067: 6065: 6061: 6060:Desmatosuchus 6057: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6040: 6038: 6032: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6004: 6000: 5986: 5982: 5980: 5979:trilophosaurs 5976: 5971: 5956: 5954: 5953:Turfanosuchus 5950: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5929: 5927: 5923: 5922:Turfanosuchus 5919: 5915: 5911: 5910: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5892: 5882: 5877: 5863: 5862: 5854: 5853: 5845: 5844: 5836: 5835: 5827: 5826: 5818: 5817: 5809: 5808: 5800: 5799: 5791: 5790: 5782: 5781: 5773: 5772: 5764: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5758: 5751: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5743: 5742: 5741: 5734: 5733: 5727: 5726: 5723: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5710: 5709: 5703: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5693: 5686: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5675: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5669: 5662: 5661: 5655: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5645: 5638: 5637: 5630: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5617: 5616: 5608: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5602: 5595: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5585: 5578: 5577: 5571: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5561: 5554: 5553: 5547: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5530: 5523: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5497: 5496: 5489: 5485: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5472: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5466: 5459: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5449: 5442: 5441: 5434: 5433: 5426: 5425: 5422: 5421: 5413: 5412: 5404: 5403: 5395: 5394: 5386: 5385: 5377: 5376: 5368: 5367: 5359: 5358: 5350: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5344: 5337: 5336: 5333: 5332: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5319: 5318: 5312: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5304: 5303: 5302: 5295: 5294: 5288: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5280: 5275: 5274: 5268: 5267: 5264: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5258: 5251: 5250: 5243: 5239: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5226: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5213: 5212: 5209: 5208: 5205: 5204: 5203: 5196: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5182: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5172: 5165: 5164: 5157: 5153: 5152: 5149: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5143: 5136: 5135: 5132: 5131: 5128: 5127: 5126: 5119: 5118: 5112: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5095: 5094: 5087: 5083: 5082: 5075: 5071: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5054: 5053: 5046: 5042: 5041: 5037: 5029: 5028: 5020: 5019: 5011: 5010: 5002: 5001: 4993: 4992: 4984: 4983: 4975: 4974: 4966: 4965: 4957: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4944: 4943: 4940: 4939: 4936: 4935: 4934: 4927: 4926: 4920: 4919: 4916: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4910: 4903: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4893: 4886: 4885: 4879: 4878: 4875: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4869: 4862: 4861: 4855: 4854: 4851: 4850: 4842: 4841: 4838: 4837: 4836: 4829: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4821: 4820: 4819: 4812: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4790: 4789: 4788: 4781: 4780: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4767: 4766: 4758: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4752: 4745: 4744: 4741: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4735: 4728: 4727: 4720: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4709: 4708: 4700: 4699: 4691: 4690: 4682: 4681: 4673: 4672: 4664: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4657: 4650: 4649: 4646: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4634: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4617: 4610: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4593: 4586: 4585: 4579: 4578: 4575: 4574: 4566: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4560: 4553: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4543: 4542:Redondasuchus 4536: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4525:Gorgetosuchus 4519: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4498: 4497: 4494: 4493: 4492: 4485: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4475: 4474:Coahomasuchus 4468: 4467: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4444: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4438: 4437:Aetosauroides 4431: 4430: 4424: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4414: 4410: 4409:Aetosauroides 4406: 4405:Aetosauroides 4401: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4390:Desmatosuchus 4387: 4383: 4379: 4378:Desmatosuchus 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4350: 4344: 4342: 4341: 4336: 4335: 4334:Gracilisuchus 4330: 4329: 4324: 4323: 4318: 4317: 4312: 4311: 4306: 4305: 4300: 4299: 4294: 4293:Desmatosuchus 4290: 4285: 4284:Desmatosuchus 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4253:Desmatosuchus 4250: 4246: 4242: 4241:Aetosauroides 4238: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4218: 4214: 4213:Coahomasuchus 4210: 4209:Coahomasuchus 4206: 4202: 4201:Desmatosuchus 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4165: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4154:Desmatosuchus 4151: 4147: 4143: 4142:Aetosauroides 4139: 4135: 4132:, there is a 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4046:Desmatosuchus 4043: 4039: 4038:Aetosauroides 4035: 4032: 4028: 4014: 4013: 4005: 4004: 3996: 3995: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3963: 3962: 3954: 3953: 3950: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3935: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3917: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3911:Desmatosuchus 3906: 3905: 3902: 3901: 3898: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3871: 3870: 3867: 3866: 3860: 3859: 3856: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3850:Aetosauroides 3845: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3831: 3830: 3827: 3826: 3823: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3808: 3804: 3803: 3800: 3799: 3796: 3795: 3789: 3788: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3763: 3762: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3738: 3737: 3725: 3723: 3722: 3718: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3705: 3704: 3703:Venkatasuchus 3699: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3628: 3627: 3622: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3567: 3563: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3522: 3520:(Revueltian) 3519: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3509: 3508: 3503: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3496: 3491: 3489: 3488: 3483: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3460: 3458:(Revueltian) 3457: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3448: 3447: 3442: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3430: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3417: 3413: 3411: 3410: 3397: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3374: 3373: 3368: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3333: 3330: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3314: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3302: 3301:Calyptosuchus 3298: 3296: 3295: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3266: 3263: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3253: 3252: 3247: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3237: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3204: 3202:(Revueltian) 3201: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3191: 3190: 3185: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3175: 3173: 3172: 3168: 3166: 3165:(New Mexico) 3164: 3152: 3149: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3139: 3138: 3137:Redondasuchus 3133: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3125:Aetosauroides 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3104: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3072: 3068: 3066: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3029: 3016: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2990: 2989: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2963: 2962: 2950: 2948:(Revueltian) 2947: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2920: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2880: 2879: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2744: 2742: 2741:Late Triassic 2739: 2736: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2722: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2705: 2704: 2699: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2657: 2656: 2655:Gorgetosuchus 2651: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2641: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2528:Desmatosuchus 2524: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2514: 2509: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2477: 2476: 2475:Coahomasuchus 2471: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2459: 2458:Carboniferous 2455: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2442: 2430: 2428: 2427:Late Triassic 2425: 2422: 2420: 2419: 2418: 2417:Chilenosuchus 2413: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2402: 2400: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2371: 2368: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2358: 2357: 2356:Calyptosuchus 2352: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2341:Aetosauroides 2338: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2329: 2328: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2304: 2300: 2298: 2297: 2296: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2281: 2277: 2275: 2274: 2262: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2245: 2244: 2239: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2227: 2223: 2221: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2189: 2176: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2124: 2119: 2115: 2113: 2112: 2099: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2072: 2071: 2070:Aetosauroides 2066: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2048: 2047: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2013: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2003: 2002:Calyptosuchus 1999: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1971: 1968: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1956:Adamanasuchus 1952: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1940: 1939:Calyptosuchus 1936: 1932: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1914: 1913:(New Mexico) 1912: 1900: 1897: 1896:Late Triassic 1894: 1892: 1891: 1887: 1885: 1884: 1883: 1882:Acompsosaurus 1878: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1867:aetosauriform 1864: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1819: 1818: 1813: 1812: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1789: 1781: 1779: 1778: 1777:Aetosauroides 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1760:Desmatosuchus 1756: 1751: 1749: 1745: 1744:phylogenetics 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1714: 1712: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1658:typothoracine 1655: 1654: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1619: 1618:Chilenosuchus 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1587: 1586:Aetosauroides 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1562: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1549: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1534:Desmatosuchus 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1438:United States 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1411: 1406: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1382: 1377: 1374:in 1922) and 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1334: 1330: 1327: 1322: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1296:was named by 1295: 1287: 1286: 1280: 1276: 1274: 1273:Desmatosuchus 1270: 1269:E. haplocerus 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1213: 1203: 1201: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1121: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1077:Louis Agassiz 1074: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1041: 1040:Desmatosuchus 1036: 1035: 1026: 1025: 1019: 1015: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1003: 1002:erpetosuchids 999: 995: 991: 986: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 960: 959: 953: 944: 942: 941: 940:Calyptosuchus 936: 935:Aetosauroides 932: 928: 927: 926:Coahomasuchus 923: 919: 918: 913: 909: 908: 903: 902: 897: 896:Desmatosuchus 893: 892: 887: 886: 885:Desmatosuchus 881: 880: 879:sensu stricto 876: 872: 867: 865: 860: 859: 854: 849: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 825: 824:iliofibularis 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 803:plesiomorphic 799: 795: 792: 788: 785:", a related 784: 776: 775: 769: 760: 758: 754: 753:splenial bone 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 731: 726: 722: 718: 714: 713:Aetosauroides 710: 706: 702: 697: 695: 691: 690: 689:Coahomasuchus 685: 684: 683:Aetosauroides 678: 674: 670: 666: 659: 658: 653: 652: 647: 646: 641: 640: 635: 634: 628: 622:Skull anatomy 614: 612: 608: 604: 599: 597: 596: 591: 587: 582: 578: 575: 571: 570: 569:Aetosauroides 564: 562: 561:stratigraphic 558: 557:index fossils 555: 551: 547: 543: 542:South America 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 518:Late Triassic 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 496: 492: 487: 480: 472: 466: 460: 421: 418: 415: 409: 376: 360: 359: 352: 350: 349: 342: 339: 338: 337:Calyptosuchus 331: 330: 327: 322: 316: 314: 313: 306: 305: 302: 297: 291: 289: 288: 281: 280: 277: 272: 266: 264: 263: 262:Aetosauroides 256: 255: 253: 248: 241: 235: 232: 231: 228: 222: 219: 216: 215: 212: 209: 206: 203: 202: 199: 196: 193: 190: 189: 186: 183: 180: 179: 176: 173: 170: 169: 166: 163: 160: 159: 156: 153: 150: 149: 144: 139: 135: 132: 131: 130:Desmatosuchus 125: 121: 116: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 48: 41: 40:Late Triassic 33: 30: 19: 10797: 10721: 10714: 10707: 10699: 10692: 10683: 10664: 10656: 10648: 10640: 10632: 10624: 10612: 10598:Stagonolepis 10596: 10589: 10551: 10546:Tecovasuchus 10544: 10537: 10530: 10523: 10515: 10495: 10488: 10483:Kryphioparma 10481: 10473: 10465: 10460:Apachesuchus 10458: 10432: 10424: 10417: 10406:Aetosaurinae 10382: 10369: 10347: 10346: 10321: 10310:Pseudosuchia 10295:Pseudosuchia 10274: 10270:Pseudosuchia 10265: 10230: 10197: 10126: 10078: 10074: 10064: 10052:. Retrieved 10048: 10038: 10022: 10009: 9993: 9981: 9960:cite journal 9949:the original 9936: 9924:. Retrieved 9920: 9910: 9898:. Retrieved 9894: 9884: 9859: 9847:. Retrieved 9838: 9834: 9827: 9818: 9809: 9801: 9789:. Retrieved 9785: 9761: 9757: 9751: 9742: 9738: 9732: 9723: 9719: 9713: 9701:. Retrieved 9694:the original 9689: 9676: 9667: 9657: 9648: 9644: 9638: 9629: 9625: 9600: 9596: 9587: 9579: 9536: 9532: 9526: 9517: 9484: 9480: 9421: 9417: 9413: 9407: 9388: 9384: 9378: 9370: 9358:. Retrieved 9349: 9311: 9307: 9297: 9244: 9240: 9230: 9205: 9201: 9146: 9142: 9132: 9123: 9117: 9090: 9086: 9073: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9002: 8998: 8939: 8935: 8922: 8889: 8885: 8881: 8875: 8856: 8852: 8846: 8837: 8833: 8820: 8787: 8783: 8779: 8773: 8740: 8736: 8727: 8705: 8698: 8676:(1): 73–83. 8673: 8669: 8659: 8650: 8646: 8642: 8638: 8632: 8623: 8619: 8609: 8600: 8596: 8587: 8579: 8557:. e2253292. 8554: 8532:. Retrieved 8525:the original 8520: 8507: 8491:(1): 53–63. 8488: 8484: 8471: 8460:the original 8439: 8435: 8376: 8372: 8366: 8358: 8333: 8329: 8325: 8319: 8300: 8296: 8286: 8275:the original 8270: 8266: 8257: 8237: 8209:. Retrieved 8202:the original 8197: 8189:Tecovasuchus 8188: 8180: 8147: 8143: 8133: 8124: 8120: 8116: 8093:. Retrieved 8088: 8078: 8056:(7): 59–62. 8053: 8049: 8043: 8035: 8024:the original 8019: 8010: 8006: 7998: 7989: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7949: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7900: 7890: 7883: 7850: 7846: 7836: 7828: 7819: 7794:10919/102375 7766: 7762: 7756: 7748: 7736:. Retrieved 7731: 7709: 7705: 7698: 7677: 7666: 7634:(1): 50–68. 7631: 7627: 7598: 7573: 7569: 7565: 7559: 7526: 7522: 7516: 7465: 7461: 7455: 7447: 7427: 7421: 7415: 7407: 7377:(1): 41–68. 7374: 7370: 7361: 7283: 7279: 7245: 7194: 7190: 7130: 7126: 7066: 7062: 6988: 6984: 6942: 6938: 6933:Stagonolepis 6932: 6927:Lucas, S. G. 6898: 6890: 6887:Heliocanthus 6886: 6882: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6860: 6856:Darren Naish 6837: 6834:Heliocanthus 6833: 6827: 6824:Heliocanthus 6823: 6819: 6811: 6807: 6793: 6773: 6770:Tecovasuchus 6769: 6765: 6762:Otischalkian 6742:Chinle Group 6739: 6728: 6716: 6697: 6695: 6686: 6682: 6667: 6656: 6645: 6634: 6624:Stagonolepis 6623: 6612: 6601: 6397: 6371: 6359: 6333: 6304: 6160: 6150: 6146: 6138:Acaenasuchus 6137: 6133: 6127: 6123: 6120: 6107: 6088: 6085: 6079: 6064:Stagonolepis 6063: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6041: 6033: 6011: 5996: 5967: 5959:Paleobiology 5952: 5948: 5944: 5930: 5921: 5913: 5907: 5895: 5889: 5886: 5880: 5755: 5754: 5738: 5737: 5714: 5713: 5690: 5689: 5666: 5665: 5642: 5641: 5599: 5598: 5582: 5581: 5558: 5557: 5527: 5526: 5504:Stagonolepis 5501: 5500: 5463: 5462: 5446: 5445: 5341: 5340: 5323: 5322: 5299: 5298: 5278: 5255: 5254: 5217: 5216: 5200: 5199: 5169: 5168: 5140: 5139: 5123: 5122: 5099: 5098: 5086:Aetosaurinae 5058: 5057: 5044: 5035: 4948: 4947: 4931: 4930: 4909:Acaenasuchus 4907: 4906: 4890: 4889: 4866: 4865: 4833: 4832: 4816: 4815: 4785: 4784: 4749: 4748: 4732: 4731: 4654: 4653: 4638: 4637: 4614: 4613: 4592:Tecovasuchus 4590: 4589: 4557: 4556: 4540: 4539: 4523: 4522: 4489: 4488: 4472: 4471: 4460:Aetosaurinae 4435: 4434: 4422: 4408: 4404: 4402: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4354:paraphyletic 4347: 4345: 4338: 4332: 4326: 4322:Sphenosuchus 4320: 4314: 4310:Prestosuchus 4308: 4302: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4283: 4268:Heliocanthus 4267: 4261: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4221: 4217:Stagonolepis 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4192: 4188: 4180: 4166: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4146:Stagonolepis 4145: 4141: 4137: 4129: 4117: 4115: 4090:dentary bone 4078:monophyletic 4074:crocodilians 4061: 4058:Stagonolepis 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4024: 3980: 3979: 3947: 3946: 3932: 3931: 3910: 3909: 3895: 3894: 3865:Stagonolepis 3864: 3863: 3849: 3848: 3820: 3819: 3806: 3792: 3774: 3766: 3765: 3741: 3726: 3714: 3709: 3701: 3700: 3662: 3646: 3637: 3632: 3624: 3623: 3602:Chinle Group 3600: 3578:(Adamanian) 3566:Tecovasuchus 3564: 3553: 3551: 3539: 3523: 3505: 3504: 3493: 3480: 3444: 3443: 3414: 3386: 3372:Stagonolepis 3370: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3350: 3334: 3331:(Adamanian) 3316: 3315: 3300: 3283: 3267: 3264:(Adamanian) 3249: 3248: 3221: 3205: 3187: 3186: 3177: 3169: 3153: 3135: 3134: 3124: 3085: 3070: 3059:Dockum Group 3047: 3005: 3000: 2986: 2985: 2966: 2951: 2933: 2932: 2922: 2909: 2893: 2876: 2875: 2855: 2839: 2822: 2821: 2813:Tecovasuchus 2812: 2784:(Adamanian) 2772:Kryphioparma 2770: 2730: 2719: 2703:Heliocanthus 2701: 2700: 2686: 2670: 2653: 2652: 2638: 2622: 2605: 2604: 2561: 2544: 2526: 2525: 2506: 2490: 2473: 2472: 2453: 2451: 2431: 2415: 2414: 2405:Stagonolepis 2404: 2388: 2372: 2369:(Adamanian) 2354: 2353: 2345:Stagonolepis 2344: 2340: 2332: 2317: 2303:Nomen dubium 2301: 2293: 2292: 2278: 2263: 2243:Apachesuchus 2241: 2240: 2207: 2165: 2152: 2141: 2140: 2116: 2088: 2068: 2067: 2058: 2051: 2036: 2015: 2014: 2005: 2001: 1988: 1972: 1969:(Adamanian) 1954: 1953: 1938: 1935:Stagonolepis 1934: 1919:Chinle Group 1917: 1901: 1898:(Adamanian) 1890:Nomen dubium 1888: 1880: 1879: 1870: 1849: 1833: 1830:(Adamanian) 1817:Acaenasuchus 1815: 1814: 1775: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1752: 1728:Pseudosuchia 1725: 1708: 1684: 1678: 1670: 1666:South Africa 1651: 1650:of India as 1643: 1639: 1616: 1590: 1584: 1566: 1551: 1533: 1508:of Germany. 1498:Jameson Land 1489: 1485: 1434:Dockum Group 1415: 1410:body fossils 1400:Distribution 1393: 1379: 1375: 1367: 1364:Charles Camp 1360:Barnum Brown 1357: 1323: 1313: 1305: 1293: 1291: 1283: 1272: 1268: 1252: 1248: 1246:type species 1237: 1233: 1221: 1220:in 1875 and 1215: 1209: 1197: 1174: 1152: 1142:Stagonolepis 1141: 1138:Stagonolepis 1137: 1124: 1119:Megalichthys 1117: 1082:Stagonolepis 1080: 1070: 1055: 1045: 1038: 1032: 1029: 1022: 1011:Acaenasuchus 1009: 987: 971:quadrangular 964: 956: 938: 934: 924: 915: 905: 901:Stagonolepis 899: 895: 889: 883: 877: 862: 856: 850: 823: 783:rauisuchians 779: 772: 743: 740:prootic bone 729: 717:maxilla bone 712: 698: 696:archosaurs. 687: 681: 662: 655: 649: 643: 637: 631: 600: 593: 586:Aetosaurinae 576: 567: 565: 506:crocodilians 419: 374: 373: 358:Stagonolepis 356: 346: 335: 325: 320: 310: 303:Parker, 2016 300: 295: 287:Aetosaurinae 285: 275: 270: 260: 239: 217: 211:Pseudosuchia 204: 191: 128: 29: 10822:Wikispecies 10709:Longosuchus 10525:Kocurypelta 9447:11336/97118 8942:(1): 3–47. 8326:Longosuchus 7847:Ameghiniana 7430:(1): 7–23. 6848:Mike Taylor 6829:nomen nudum 6818:reassigned 6766:Longosuchus 6646:Longosuchus 6117:Development 6048:Longosuchus 5279:SMSN 19003 4868:Longosuchus 4304:Postosuchus 4298:Leptosuchus 4249:Longosuchus 4247:, and that 4205:Longosuchus 4197:sister taxa 4150:Longosuchus 4050:Longosuchus 3896:Longosuchus 3554:Aetosaurus, 3535:(Colorado) 3178:Typothorax. 2923:Longosuchus 2824:Longosuchus 2732:Kocurypelta 2260:(Apachean) 2226:aetosaurine 1732:ankle bones 1695:as well as 1640:Longosuchus 1621:, from the 1605:Santa Maria 1599:and Norian 1478:Connecticut 1390:A.D. Walker 1381:Longosuchus 1319:metatarsals 1310:Connecticut 1249:E. horridus 1194:Oscar Fraas 1165:Oskar Fraas 1105:, and thus 1034:Longosuchus 998:doswelliids 891:Longosuchus 882:), such as 794:articulates 694:carnivorous 677:herbivorous 617:Description 544:, parts of 522:vertebrates 495:herbivorous 299:Case, 1920 198:Archosauria 10885:Categories 10828:Aetosauria 10798:Aetosauria 10716:Lucasuchus 10613:sensu lato 10517:Garzapelta 10497:Typothorax 10419:Aetosaurus 10370:Aetosauria 10348:Aetosauria 10331:see below↓ 10322:Aetosauria 10261:Sauropsida 10231:Aetosauria 9720:Albertiana 9645:Albertiana 9588:Aetosaurus 9562:11336/8849 9247:(1): 128. 8626:: 457–475. 8597:Albertiana 8258:Aetosaurus 8091:. Blogspot 8007:Typothorax 7966:(3): 1–22. 7734:. Blogspot 6907:References 6852:Matt Wedel 6844:Jeff Martz 6804:plagiarism 6774:Typothorax 6702:Revueltian 6668:Aetosaurus 6613:Typothorax 6147:Typothorax 6103:crocodiles 6037:edentulous 6012:Typothorax 6003:seed ferns 5933:Manda Beds 5904:jugal bone 5045:Aetosauria 4559:Typothorax 4491:Aetosaurus 4423:Aetosauria 4398:Aetosaurus 4394:Aetosaurus 4382:Aetosaurus 4374:Aetosaurus 4370:Aetosaurus 4316:Poposaurus 4289:Aetosaurus 4237:Aetosaurus 4189:Typothorax 4181:Aetosaurus 4162:Typothorax 4130:Aetosaurus 4118:Aetosaurus 4086:premaxilla 4062:Typothorax 4042:Aetosaurus 3933:Typothorax 3821:Aetosaurus 3807:Aetosauria 3626:Typothorax 3495:Aetosaurus 3071:Aetosaurus 2878:Lucasuchus 2798:(Arizona) 2607:Garzapelta 2454:Typothorax 2143:Aetosaurus 1984:(Arizona) 1845:(Arizona) 1764:Aetosaurus 1736:thecodonts 1676:ichnogenus 1672:Footprints 1557:footprints 1486:Aetosaurus 1446:New Mexico 1422:Antarctica 1386:H.J. Sawin 1344:Parasuchia 1326:naturalist 1253:Typothorax 1234:Typothorax 1230:phytosaurs 1226:New Mexico 1217:Typothorax 1199:Aetosaurus 1153:Aetosaurus 1128:biologist 1056:Typothorax 975:cancellous 967:osteoderms 917:Aetosaurus 858:Typothorax 819:quadrupeds 798:acetabulum 673:omnivorous 665:premaxilla 611:phytosaurs 590:morphology 579:. Over 20 526:osteoderms 512:and other 502:archosaurs 491:omnivorous 420:Aetosauria 250:Subgroups 240:Aetosauria 10891:Aetosaurs 10434:Stenomyti 10247:Kingdom: 10054:15 August 9791:15 August 9571:130820684 9509:131332250 9360:18 August 9271:1471-2148 9222:220409377 9165:2167-8359 9149:: e4368. 9019:1175-5334 8914:128893544 8812:129651942 8765:140536594 8690:0037-9409 8647:PaleoBios 8571:265506966 8401:0272-4634 8089:Chinleana 7941:130033385 7875:239751891 7867:0002-7014 7829:Chinleana 7811:225136804 7803:0272-4634 7738:8 January 7732:Chinleana 7644:CiteSeerX 7543:0272-4634 7508:238216840 7482:1932-8494 7310:1932-6203 7213:2246/6112 7197:: 1–292. 7149:2167-8359 7133:: e1583. 7091:129267515 7001:CiteSeerX 6967:128610620 6959:0022-3360 6470:Olenekian 6110:carbonate 6099:phytosaur 6044:H J Sawin 6028:fossorial 5975:dinosaurs 5506:" olenkae 4413:cladogram 4328:Alligator 4027:phylogeny 4025:Aetosaur 3768:Cladogram 3757:Phylogeny 3507:Stenomyti 3423:deposits 3421:Krasiejów 3041:Greenland 2961:Argentina 2327:Argentina 2201:Greenland 2098:Argentina 1800:Location 1740:primitive 1573:Argentina 1561:trackways 1502:Greenland 1426:Laurasian 1418:Australia 1408:Aetosaur 1372:E.C. Case 1340:suborders 1333:zoologist 1302:Bone Wars 1275:in 1953. 1189:Stuttgart 1157:Stuttgart 1107:Paleozoic 1085:from the 757:articular 725:braincase 607:crocodile 514:dinosaurs 375:Aetosaurs 161:Kingdom: 155:Eukaryota 35:Aetosaurs 10807:Wikidata 10773:Category 10255:Chordata 10253:Phylum: 10249:Animalia 10125:(2000). 10105:18235465 10027:Archived 9998:Archived 9873:Archived 9726:: 57–64. 9651:: 11–18. 9456:86520329 9354:Archived 9328:84492986 9289:24916124 9183:29456892 9109:12746149 9005:: 1–33. 8974:59148006 8853:Atriepus 8603:: 30–38. 8409:83713904 8303:: 1–25. 8172:83730309 8044:Stegomus 7712:: 45–68. 7674:(1969). 7551:84455880 7500:34585850 7418:Agassiz" 7399:85826683 7328:30110362 7280:PLOS ONE 7242:(1988). 7221:83493714 7167:26819845 6929:(2002). 6863:holotype 6735:Apachean 6709:tetrapod 6526:Rhaetian 6493:Ladinian 6399:Jurassic 6016:pronator 4400:itself. 4392:than to 4295:than to 4134:polytomy 4128:. After 3721:Rhaetian 3446:Stegomus 3396:Scotland 3346:(Texas) 3099:- early 2851:(Texas) 2634:(Texas) 2258:Rhaetian 2159:Rhaetian 2157:- early 2030:- early 2006:Scutarx. 1722:Taxonomy 1631:Gondwana 1569:Gondwana 1510:Scotland 1458:Colorado 1348:Eusuchia 1314:Stegomus 1306:Stegomus 1294:Stegomus 1285:Stegomus 1099:Devonian 1095:Scotland 994:carapace 920:and the 730:abducens 554:tetrapod 508:than to 185:Reptilia 175:Chordata 171:Phylum: 165:Animalia 151:Domain: 10842:4658368 10813:Q131967 10666:Scutarx 10259:Class: 10177:Palaeos 10083:Bibcode 9703:17 July 9541:Bibcode 9489:Bibcode 9481:PALAIOS 9426:Bibcode 9280:4061117 9249:Bibcode 9174:5815331 9053:Bibcode 8999:Zootaxa 8944:Bibcode 8894:Bibcode 8792:Bibcode 8745:Bibcode 8653:: 1–40. 8534:17 July 8444:Bibcode 8381:Bibcode 8338:Bibcode 8211:17 July 8152:Bibcode 8095:24 July 8058:Bibcode 7771:Bibcode 7636:Bibcode 7578:Bibcode 7491:9544919 7379:Bibcode 7319:6093665 7288:Bibcode 7158:4727975 7071:Bibcode 6993:Bibcode 6504:Carnian 6482:Anisian 6361:Permian 6295:– 6285:– 6275:– 6265:– 6255:– 6245:– 6235:– 6225:– 6215:– 6205:– 6195:– 6185:– 6024:triceps 5900:maxilla 5490: 5244: 5158: 5088: 5076: 5047: 4386:derived 4185:derived 4101:of the 4095:humerus 3809: 3715:middle 3710:Valid 3633:Valid 3382:Carnian 3260:middle 3251:Scutarx 3097:Carnian 3092:Valid? 3015:Germany 2944:middle 2888:Carnian 2834:Carnian 2665:Carnian 2485:Carnian 2462:Permian 2309:Carnian 2175:Germany 2153:middle 2080:Carnian 2028:Carnian 1826:middle 1809:Images 1794:Status 1701:Germany 1542:Algeria 1530:Pangaea 1454:Wyoming 1442:Arizona 1265:turtles 1261:tuatara 1185:outcrop 1181:Germany 1161:Germany 1126:English 1062:History 1052:cloacal 922:Carnian 836:of the 815:humerus 669:dentary 463:; from 414:extinct 233:Order: 181:Class: 10868:156405 10103: 10075:Nature 9926:3 July 9900:3 July 9849:3 July 9569: 9507: 9454: 9326: 9287: 9277: 9269: 9220: 9181: 9171: 9163: 9107: 9017: 8972: 8912: 8886:Ichnos 8863: 8810: 8784:Ichnos 8763: 8688: 8569: 8407: 8399: 8170: 7939: 7873: 7865: 7809: 7801: 7686: 7646: 7549: 7541: 7506: 7498: 7488: 7480: 7397: 7326: 7316: 7308: 7254: 7219: 7165: 7155: 7147: 7089: 7003: 6965: 6957: 6900:Nature 6854:, and 6772:, and 6721:Norian 6689:(2007) 6687:et al. 6683:et al. 6591: 6584: 6577: 6570: 6563: 6556: 6549: 6542: 6535: 6515:Norian 6459:Induan 5486: 5240: 5154: 5084: 5072: 5043: 4641:19003 4337:, and 4230:, and 4199:being 4111:fibula 4097:, the 4060:, and 3805: 3733: 3717:Norian 3653: 3640:Norian 3587: 3576:Norian 3571:Valid 3530: 3518:Norian 3513:Valid 3467: 3456:Norian 3409:Poland 3406: 3393: 3378:Valid 3341: 3329:Norian 3324:Valid 3274: 3262:Norian 3257:Valid 3212: 3200:Norian 3195:Valid 3160: 3148:Norian 3143:Valid 3114:Brazil 3111: 3101:Norian 3038: 3025: 3012: 2998:Norian 2994:Valid 2958: 2946:Norian 2941:Valid 2900: 2884:Valid 2846: 2830:Valid 2793: 2782:Norian 2777:Valid 2754:Poland 2751: 2737:Valid 2677: 2661:Valid 2629: 2617:Norian 2613:Valid 2551: 2539:Norian 2534:Valid 2497: 2481:Valid 2438: 2423:Valid 2379: 2367:Norian 2362:Valid 2324: 2313:Norian 2270: 2254:Norian 2249:Valid 2198: 2185: 2172: 2155:Norian 2149:Valid 2111:Brazil 2108: 2095: 2084:Norian 2076:Valid 2046:Brazil 2043: 2032:Norian 2023:Valid 1979: 1967:Norian 1962:Valid 1931:pelvis 1908: 1840: 1828:Norian 1806:Notes 1791:Genus 1748:Suchia 1693:Brazil 1579:, and 1577:Brazil 1516:, and 1514:Poland 1460:, and 1448:, and 1214:named 990:dorsal 983:scutes 979:diploë 914:genus 912:Norian 832:, the 830:fibula 826:muscle 811:radius 807:pelvis 703:. The 654:, (E) 648:, (D) 642:, (C) 636:, (B) 603:scales 581:genera 574:family 548:, and 546:Africa 534:Europe 530:scutes 528:(bony 486:sauros 479:σαυρος 10855:12922 10850:IRMNG 10275:Clade 10266:Clade 10030:(PDF) 10019:(PDF) 10001:(PDF) 9990:(PDF) 9952:(PDF) 9945:(PDF) 9876:(PDF) 9869:(PDF) 9843:(PDF) 9815:(PDF) 9697:(PDF) 9686:(PDF) 9622:(PDF) 9593:(PDF) 9567:S2CID 9505:S2CID 9477:(PDF) 9452:S2CID 9324:S2CID 9218:S2CID 9143:PeerJ 9083:(PDF) 8995:(PDF) 8970:S2CID 8932:(PDF) 8910:S2CID 8830:(PDF) 8808:S2CID 8761:S2CID 8733:(PDF) 8593:(PDF) 8586:"The 8567:S2CID 8528:(PDF) 8517:(PDF) 8481:(PDF) 8463:(PDF) 8432:(PDF) 8405:S2CID 8278:(PDF) 8263:(PDF) 8234:(PDF) 8205:(PDF) 8194:(PDF) 8168:S2CID 8027:(PDF) 8016:(PDF) 7937:S2CID 7871:S2CID 7807:S2CID 7547:S2CID 7504:S2CID 7395:S2CID 7367:(PDF) 7217:S2CID 7127:PeerJ 7087:S2CID 6963:S2CID 6737:LVF. 6410:Early 6070:Nests 5999:ferns 4659:type 4362:clade 4122:basal 4107:tibia 4103:femur 4066:clade 3736:India 3516:late 3146:late 3095:late 2441:Chile 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