Stanley Kramer - Knowledge

2823: 748:, Kramer left Columbia and resumed his independent productions, this time in the role of the director. Over the next two decades, Kramer reestablished his reputation within the film industry by directing a continual series of often successful films dealing with social and controversial issues, such as racism, nuclear war, greed and the causes and effects of fascism. Critic Charles Champlin later described Kramer as "a guy who fought some hard battles. He took on social issues when it was not popular to do so in Hollywood." 31: 538:, originally about anti-Semitism in the army, but revised and made into a film about the persecution of a black soldier. Byman notes that it was the "first sound film about antiblack racism." The subject matter was so sensitive at the time, that Kramer shot the film in "total secrecy" to avoid protests by various organizations. Critics generally liked the film, which, notes 727: 1198:

returning to their fatherland at a time when millions of other Germans are looking for ways to escape." In a scene noted by Spoto, a Nazi passenger is "barking inanities" about how Germans should purify their race, to which a German-Jewish passenger responds, "There are nearly a million Jews in Germany. What are they going to do — kill us all?"

2735: 1128:, who had a supporting role, recalls that prior to filming, Kramer and screenwriter Abby Mann required that everyone involved in the production, actors and crew alike, watch some films taken by American soldiers at the liberation of the concentration camps. "They wanted us to understand what this film was about": 938:(1959), Kramer tried to tackle the sensitive subject of nuclear war. The film takes place after World War III has annihilated most of the Northern hemisphere, with radioactive dust on a trajectory towards Australia. Kramer gave the film an "effective and eerie" documentary look at depopulated cities. It starred 1410:, were often critical of his subject matter for being "melodramas," and "irritatingly self-righteous," but she credits his films for their "redeeming social importance... situations and settings nevertheless excitingly modern, relevant." Kramer, however, saw himself as "a storyteller with a point of view": 443:, an army friend from the film unit. Foreman justified the production company by noting that the big studios had become "dinosaurs," which, being shocked by the onrush of television, "jettisoned virtually everything to survive." But they failed to develop cadres of younger creative talent in their wake. 1397:

Film author Bill Nichols states that "Kramer's films continue a long-standing Hollywood tradition of marrying topical issues to dramatic form, a tradition in which we find many of Hollywood's more openly progressive films." Among his themes, Kramer was one of the few filmmakers to delve into subjects

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As a result of this film's commercial success, Kramer helped spur on Hollywood to reform its film marketing practices when it was observed that the film was doing excellent business everywhere in the U.S., including the Southern states where it was assumed that films with African American lead actors

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However, despite mostly rave reviews in the U.S. and many countries in Europe, biographer Spoto notes that during its various premieres overseas, "it shocked many, angered some, disgusted others. But it bored no one." Kramer described its world premiere, in Berlin, as "the most frightening evening in

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The screening was one of the most emotional I have experienced. After the film, the crowd stood—many with tears in their eyes—and gave Poitier and Kramer an ovation that subsided only when we had left the auditorium. Stanley's visit to Moscow marked the high point in the cultural exchange between the

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However, Kramer soon learned that financing such independent films was a major obstacle, as he was forced to approach banks or else take on private investors. He did both when necessary. But with studios no longer involved, rival independent companies were created which all competed for those limited

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Kramer has been called "a genuine original" as a filmmaker. He made movies that he believed in, and "straddled the fence between art and commerce for more than 30 years." Most of his films were noted for engaging the audience with political and social issues of the time. When asked why he gravitated

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For Tracy, who was nominated as Best Actor, the film became the first of four films he did for Kramer. "Everybody tells me how good I am," he said, "but only Stanley gives me work." The film received "extravagant reviews," yet failed at the box office due to its poor distribution and advertising. In

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They struck me as being enormously efficient. Kramer was very inventive in finding quite unlikely sources of finance...This method of outside financing...was truly original and far ahead of its time...There were no luxurious offices, no major-studio bureaucracy, no small internal empires to be dealt

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Kramer's new company was able to take advantage of unused production facilities by renting time, allowing him to create independent films for a fraction of the cost the larger studios had required, and he did so without studio control. Kramer also saw this as an opportunity to produce films dealing

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In the 1960s Kramer blamed the growing "youth culture" with having changed the "artistic landscape" as he remembered it from his own youth. "No longer," he said, "were writers or filmmakers interested in creating the Great American Novel or the great American film, or indeed with exploring what it

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The film was also important as it was the last film role for Spencer Tracy, who was aware while making the film that he was dying and did in fact die a few weeks after its completion. It was his fourth film directed by Kramer and his ninth with Hepburn, who was so shaken by Tracy's death, that she

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film critic Bosley Crowther lauded the production and the acting in the film, calling it "a remarkably apt and dramatic visualization of a social idea—the idea of men of different races brought together to face misfortune in a bond of brotherhood — is achieved by producer Stanley Kramer in his new

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Any American film that contains criticism of the American fabric of life is accepted, both critically and by the mass audience overseas, as being something that could never have been produced in a totalitarian state. This in itself builds tremendous respect for American society among foreigners—a

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No producer, no director could get the money, nor would theaters in America book it. But Kramer made people look at the issue for the first time...He treated the theme with humor, but so delicately, so humanly, so lovingly that he made everyone look at the question for the very first time in film

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Some writers describe the film as a "microcosm" displaying a "weakness of the world that permitted the rise of Hitler." Kramer does not disagree, and wrote, "Even though we never mention him in the picture, his ascendancy is an ever-present factor. Most of the passengers on the ship are Germans,

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writes that its "small army of actors—105 speaking roles—inflict mayhem on each other with cars, planes, explosives and other devices...is simply too much for the human eye and ear to respond to, let alone the funny bone," calling it "hard-core slapstick." It was nominated for six Academy Awards,

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offered Kramer's company an opportunity to form a production unit working with his studio. Kramer was given free rein over what films he chose to make, along with a budget of nearly a million dollars each. Kramer agreed to a five-year contract during which time he would produce 20 films. However,

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For Kramer and others involved in the production, it "was one of the most important events of their lives," writes Spoto. Partly because it was the first film that touched the subject since the 1920s silent era. "No one would touch this most explosive of social issues" until Kramer took on the

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stood up and warned the audience that they might not find the film pleasant, but that if Berlin was ever to regard itself as a capital city, then this film should be shown there because it was about all of them. "We may like or dislike or disagree with many things," he said, "but here it is."

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was completed. However, he has not had universally acclaim. Film critic David Thomson has written that Kramer's "films are middlebrow and overemphatic; at worst, they are among the most tedious and dispiriting productions the American cinema has to offer. Commercialism, of the most crass and

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These films had not yet been released to the public; very few people had seen them. We didn't know what to expect...We watched scenes of bulldozers shoving piles of bodies into mass graves. We saw survivors, their eyes bulging, their bones practically protruding from their bodies. We saw the

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Maybe I'm out of step with the times, because a lot of movies are made today with no statement at all, just shock and sensation, or a motivationless kind of approach to a story, a senseless crime, a pointless love affair...Like lots of kids in the 1930s, I wanted to right all the wrongs of

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described him as an "incredibly talented visionary" and "one of four great filmmakers, not just for the art and passion he put on screen, but for the impact he has made on the conscience of the world." Kramer was recognized for his fierce independence as a producer-director, with author

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never would be accepted. As a result, the prominent presence of Black actors in films never again was considered a factor in Hollywood film marketing and distribution. However, Kramer, bothered by the film's negative reviews and wanting respect as an important film artist like

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productions. Those years as an apprentice writer and editor helped him acquire an "exceptional aptitude" in editing and develop the ability to understand the overall structure of the films he worked on. They enabled him to later compose and edit "in camera," as he shot scenes.

1151:(1963), a film with a "gifted, wacky crew of comedians." Kramer describes it as a "comedy about greed." According to one writer, he directed it "to prove he could also handle comedy" and hired many of the leading comedic actors of the previous decades, from silent star 1600: 1394:

to those kinds of themes, he stated, "emotionally I am drawn to these subjects," and thought that independent productions like his might help "return vitality to the motion picture industry...If our industry is to flourish, we must break away from formula thinking."

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It played to mixed reviews with some criticizing its excessive comedy with too many comedians, thereby losing its focus. Nonetheless, it was Kramer's biggest box office hit, and the public enjoyed its "socially disruptive and goofy" story and acting. Film critic

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Kramer later stated that the agreement was "one of the most dangerous and foolhardy moves of my entire career." He agreed to the commitment because of his "deep-seated desire to direct," he states, along with the security of ready studio financing.

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In extreme cases, Kramer was accused of being "anti-American" due to the themes of his films, many concerning social problems or pathologies. But Kramer notes that it was his ability to produce those films in a democracy which distinguishes them:

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Despite uneven critical reception, both then and now, Kramer's body of work has received many awards, including 16 Academy Awards and 80 nominations, and he was nominated nine times as either producer or director. In 1961, he received the

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crematoriums and the piles of shoes. People gasped in shock, others started crying. Certainly it was the most horrifying thing I had ever seen in my life...But from that night on we understood the importance of the film we were making.

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credited Kramer for the film's significance: "From first to last, the director is in command of his material. ...he has not only added hugely to his stature as a producer-director, but to the stature of the American film as well."

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addition, fundamentalist groups labeled the film "anti-God" and called Kramer "anti-Christ." Kramer, however, explains that these groups failed to understand the real theme of the film and the actual court trial it portrayed:

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Instead of relying on star names, we pinned our faith in stories that had something to say. If it happened to be something that other movies hadn't said before, so much the better. The only basis of choice was personal

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After the war, Kramer soon discovered that there were no available jobs in Hollywood in 1947, so he created an independent production company, Screen Plays Inc. He partnered with writer Herbie Baker, publicist

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Well, the film went on, and when it was over there was a deafening silence...The film was totally rejected: it never did three cents' business in Germany. It played so many empty houses it just stopped.

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relating to civil rights, and according to his wife, Karen Kramer, "put his reputation and finances on the line to present subject matter that meant something." He gave up his salary to make sure that

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The Producers Guild of America established the Stanley Kramer Award in 2002 to honor a production or individuals whose contribution illuminates and raises public awareness of important social issues.

3026: 225:) and a liberal movie icon. As an independent producer and director, he brought attention to topical social issues that most studios avoided. Among the subjects covered in his films were racism (in 480:. Kramer explained how he tried to differentiate his new company from the others, explaining he was less interested in the money than having the ability to make a statement through his films: 1381:

He died on February 19, 2001, in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, aged 87, after contracting pneumonia. He was married three times and divorced twice. He was survived by his third wife, actress

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Kramer was born in New York City. His parents were Jewish, and having separated when he was very young, he remembered little about his father. His mother worked at a New York office of

2772: 4402: 3049: 559:, who had been directing for twenty years and had won an Oscar. The film was another success for Kramer, who took on a unique subject dealing with a world few knew about. Critic 3388: 2290: 4395: 5290: 877:. To add to the intensity of the drama, both men are shackled together with chains, forcing them, despite their wishes, into a sense of brotherhood, suffering and fear. 1145:

After the seriousness of his previous films, Kramer "felt compelled to answer" for the "lack of lightness" in his earlier films, writes Spoto. As a result, he directed

689:(1953). With a larger budget, his films took on a "glossier" more polished look, yet his next 10 films all lost money, although some were nonetheless highly praised. 1017:, which concerned a violation of Tennessee's Butler Act. This law had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school in Tennessee. It starred 456:

funds. According to Byman, "there were no fewer than ninety-six" other companies in competition during that period, and included some of Hollywood's biggest names:

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newspaper. He graduated in 1933 at the age of nineteen with a degree in business administration. After developing a "zest for writing" with a newspaper, biographer

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Kramer also notes that the film was the third part of a "trilogy of what have been called by some 'controversial pictures,'" of which the first two were

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The spirit of the trial lives on, because the real issues of that trial were man's right to think and man's right to teach...the real theme of

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The film was Kramer's last major success, and his subsequent films were not profitable, and many had mixed reviews. Among those films were

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held after the defeat of the Nazis in World War II. It also starred Spencer Tracy as the leading judge, along with numerous other stars.

513:(1949), another Lardner story, this one about an ambitious and unscrupulous boxer. Written by Foreman, it was tailored to the talents of 1033:, who insisted that creationism was the only valid subject that should be taught to children. It was nominated for four Academy Awards. 5235: 5230: 2636: 5295: 563:

noted that its "striking and authentic documentary quality has been imported to the whole film in every detail, attitude and word."

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writing that "among the independents...none seemed more vocal, more liberal, more pugnacious than young Stanley Kramer." His friend

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Stanley Kramer has once again used film importantly and continues to emerge as the only truly responsible moviemaker in Hollywood.

911:," at their conclusion. Kramer spoke to the audience after each film, "making a fine impression for his country." Stevens credits 5260: 731: 692:

In 1953, Cohn and Kramer agreed to terminate the five-year, 20-film contract Kramer had signed. However, his last Columbia film,

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by the Hollywood companies, after which he sold his interest in the company. Kramer, a long time friend and business partner of

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where Kramer won the Golden Prize for Direction. At the time of his retirement, he was attempting to bring a script titled

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in the Bronx, where he graduated at age fifteen. He then enrolled in New York University, where he became a member of the

5210: 555:'s screen debut, in a drama about paraplegic war veterans. It was the first time Kramer and Foreman worked with director 4010: 2920: 2506: 1536: 1147: 795: 245: 2562: 5255: 5215: 4118: 1961: 1837: 1385:, and four children: Casey (1955–2023) and Larry (with Anne Pearce), and Katharine and Jennifer (with Karen Sharpe). 1227:. However, despite its popularity with the public and its box-office success, many critics gave it negative reviews. 312: 1721: 667: 717:

It was the day of Selznick and Thalberg and Goldwyn. They were the powers incarnate because the producer was boss.

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from 1980 to 1996. During this time, he hosted his own weekly movie show on then-independent television station

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played the defense attorney. The film was nominated for 11 Academy Awards and won two: Schell as Best Actor and

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refused to watch the film after it was completed. Kramer called Tracy "the greatest actor I ever worked with."

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ten years earlier, but declined to "name names" and was branded an "un-cooperative witness" by HUAC, and then

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with, no waste of time or effort...I was enthusiastic about this independent setup and the energy it created.

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Vanguard Award in recognition of "the strong social themes that ran through his body of work". In 2002, the

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One of his daughters, Kat Kramer, is co-producer of socially relevant documentaries, as part of her series

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was created, to be awarded to recipients whose work "dramatically illustrates provocative social issues".

5275: 4361: 3213: 1953: 1935: 1102: 974: 527: 4387: 4365: 4153: 3217: 3161: 2799: 2170: 1769: 1753: 685: 619:. The movie was well received, winning four Oscars, as well as three other nominations. Unfortunately, 347: 1005:, and how they are taught in school. The film, an adaptation of the play of the same name, written by 907:, were a "great success in Moscow." He remembers that "filmmakers applauded his films, often chanting 2880: 1990: 1496: 1159:. Winters later wrote that "Kramer was a man who took chances—as they say, he worked without a net." 824: 759: 1056:. "I have attempted, and I hope succeeded in, making pictures that command attention," said Kramer. 5091: 2896: 2617: 1512: 934: 771: 383:, Kramer took odd jobs in the film industry: He worked as a set furniture mover and film cutter at 304: 239: 2530: 2144: 1316:

to the screen, a film about a trio of alcoholics that he hoped would be played by Sidney Poitier,

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and moved to Hollywood. Until receiving that writing job, he had planned to enroll in law school.

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likewise praised the film and admired Kramer for showing "courage in attempting such a theme."

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Zinnemann said he was impressed with Kramer's company and the efficiency of their productions:

698:(1954), regained all of the losses Columbia had incurred as a result of his earlier projects. 3412: 2968: 2912: 2818: 1924: 1657: 1584: 1528: 1304: 1286: 1069: 783: 265: 1453:

on March 28, 1960, out of the original 1,550 stars created and installed as a unit in 1960.

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with subjects the studios previously avoided, especially those about controversial topics.

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winning for their performances. Kramer's was among the first stars to be completed on the

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For his fourth film about the sensitive subject of racism, he both directed and produced

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Kramer produced and directed 23 different actors in Oscar-nominated performances, with

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In 1986, he signed an agreement with Columbia Pictures to produce or direct two films,

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In the 1980s, Kramer retired to Bellevue, Washington and wrote a column on movies for

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Kramer observed that during the 1940s and 1950s, "cinema was the producer's medium:"

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mankind...I'm not interested in changing anyone's opinion, just in telling a story.

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challenge. Co-star Sidney Poitier called the film "revolutionary," and stated why:

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my life." It was attended by hundreds of dignitaries from throughout Germany.

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Reviews were mostly positive, not just from critics but from scientists.

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helped organize a showing of this, along with other Kramer films, at the

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wrote, Kramer was offered a paid internship in the writing department of

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Pictures at a Revolution: Five Movies and the Birth of the New Hollywood

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Showdown at High Noon: Witch-hunts, Critics, and the End of the Western

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Judgment: The Court-Martial of the Tiger of Malaya – General Yamashita

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The first movie produced under his production company was the comedy

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Critics have labeled Kramer's films as "message movies." Some, like

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attended. Stevens writes that the showings of his films, especially

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Conversations with the Great Moviemakers of Hollywood's Golden Age

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It may be that some years from now we can look back and say that

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while he was writing the film. Foreman had been a member of the

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for Best Screenplay. Reviews were extremely positive. Critic

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in New York, along with other Hollywood filmmakers including

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Kramer continued producing movies at Columbia, including

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Judgment: The Court-Martial of Lieutenant William Calley

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but the project stalled. In 1991, he signed a deal with

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removed Foreman's name from the credits as co-producer.

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two countries during those long years of estrangement.

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I am Spartacus! Making a film, breaking the Blacklist

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New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director

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left Columbia. Three years later, he agreed to make

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New York University Stern School of Business alumni

2126:, Scarecrow Press (2004) pp. 9, 29-45; 73-76; Ch. 5 815: 379:Over the following years, during the period of the 2490: 2381:, Open Road Integrated Media, New York, 2012 pp.19 507:It failed at the box office. It was followed with 2977:Judgment: The Trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg 1593:Judgment: The Trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg 1403:confusing kind...devitalised all his projects." 891:Five years after the film was released, producer 575:Also released in 1950 was Kramer's production of 5192: 2674:International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers 2523:"8th Moscow International Film Festival (1973)" 2327:, H. W. Wilson Company, N.Y. (1988) pp. 538-544 2210:A Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World: a Life in Hollywood 2137:"3rd Moscow International Film Festival (1963)" 1059: 592: 415:, where he helped make training films with the 16:American film director and producer (1913–2001) 2269:Membership Directory, 2010, Pi Lambda Phi Inc. 315:. In 1963, he was a member of the jury at the 4403: 4103: 3382: 3034: 3010: 2844: 2366:The Macmillan International Film Encyclopedia 1081:played the American military prosecutor, and 751:Among some of those controversial films were 581:, the first English language film version of 354:fraternity and wrote a weekly column for the 263:), and the causes and effects of fascism (in 5311:United States Army personnel of World War II 2263: 1793: 1376:A Mad Mad Mad Mad World: A Life in Hollywood 1374:In 1997, Kramer published his autobiography 812:claimed it "lacked rhythm and development." 545:His renamed Stanley Kramer Company produced 2676:, vol 2, St. James Press (1997) pp. 548-550 2462:"Awards for It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World 1481: 1463: 793:(1967). In addition to dramas, he directed 530:, which became an even bigger success than 303:, during his acceptance speech at the 2015 4410: 4396: 4110: 4096: 3389: 3375: 3041: 3027: 2851: 2837: 2821: 2663:, Barrons Educational Series (2007) p. 210 2515: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2325:World Film Directors: Volume II, 1945-1985 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 1013:, was a fictionalized account of the 1925 984: 855: 626:s production and release intersected with 29: 5316:United States Army Signal Corps personnel 2666: 2484: 2482: 2129: 1184:(1965) has been described as a "floating 702:was an adaptation of the book written by 589:, who won his only Oscar for Best Actor. 5286:Military personnel from New York (state) 2599:"Kramer's 'Bubble Man' nears fruition". 2551:Cedar Rapids Gazette, September 19, 1979 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2118: 2116: 1429:respect I've always wanted to encourage. 730:Stanley Kramer receives an award at the 725: 2746:, March 29, 1960, p. 15. Full article: 2733:"Kramer First Name Put in Walk of Fame" 2699:The New Biographical Dictionary of Film 2691: 2384: 2330: 2300: 2272: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 1327: 1171: 585:'s 1897 French play. It made a star of 534:. The story was adapted from a play by 5251:Film producers from Washington (state) 5241:Film directors from Washington (state) 5193: 2488: 2479: 2158: 1310:8th Moscow International Film Festival 924: 636:House Un-American Activities Committee 317:3rd Moscow International Film Festival 5301:People from Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan 5281:Military personnel from New York City 4391: 4091: 3370: 3022: 3009: 2832: 2634: 2615: 2195: 915:for having the most impact, however: 5266:Golden Globe Award-winning producers 5246:Film producers from New York (state) 3398:Golden Globe Award for Best Director 2399:, Alfred A. Knopf (2006) pp. 558-584 2358: 2215: 2093: 1476: 863:The following year, Kramer directed 615:(1952), a Western drama directed by 609:His last independent production was 427:. He left the army with the rank of 374: 319:. In 1998, he was awarded the first 5226:Deaths from pneumonia in California 3050:David O. Selznick Achievement Award 2795:"The Godfather of Independent Film" 1634: 13: 5271:Jewish American military personnel 5221:Best Director Golden Globe winners 2049: 969:is the movie that saved the world. 884:film." It was nominated for eight 14: 5327: 5236:Film directors from New York City 5231:DeWitt Clinton High School alumni 5140:Joshua Safdie and Benjamin Safdie 4119:Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award 2787: 2635:Lyman, Rick (February 21, 2001). 2616:Sharf, Zack (December 26, 2023). 2412:, film review, September 25, 1958 1962:Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award 1351:, but the deal fell through when 909:Kraaaamer, Kraaaaamer, Kraaaaamer 313:Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award 5296:People from Bellevue, Washington 2672:Hillstrom, Laurie Collier (ed.) 1168:winning for Best Sound Editing. 542:, "had a flavoring of courage." 156: 131: 2921:It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World 2765: 2753: 2726: 2704: 2679: 2654: 2628: 2609: 2592: 2575: 2555: 2544: 2467: 2455: 2442: 2427: 2415: 2402: 2371: 1537:It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World 1148:It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World 1139:It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World 802:His first film as director was 796:It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World 686:The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T 630:. Writer, producer and partner 526:(also 1949), again directed by 387:, as writer and researcher for 246:It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World 180: 152: 127: 5261:German-language film directors 2605:. October 7, 1991. p. 20. 2563:"Director Stanley Kramer dies" 2450:Up Till Now: The Autobiography 2077: 2061: 2058:, a February 2001 BBC obituary 2056:Film-maker Stanley Kramer dies 1471: 395:, and associate producer with 369: 1: 2961:Bless the Beasts and Children 2588:. 1987-05-20. pp. 4, 38. 2422:"Awards for Inherit the Wind" 2042: 1577:Bless the Beasts and Children 1281:Bless the Beasts and Children 1025:, defending the teacher, and 828:(1957) is an adaptation from 330: 2945:The Secret of Santa Vittoria 2937:Guess Who's Coming to Dinner 2005:Guess Who's Coming to Dinner 1561:The Secret of Santa Vittoria 1553:Guess Who's Coming to Dinner 1400:Guess Who's Coming to Dinner 1269:The Secret of Santa Vittoria 1212:Guess Who's Coming to Dinner 1203:Guess Who's Coming to Dinner 840:'s advancing army. It stars 790:Guess Who's Coming to Dinner 593:Films with Columbia Pictures 269:). His other films included 234:Guess Who's Coming to Dinner 7: 5306:United States Army officers 2166:"Tribute to Stanley Kramer" 1458:Films That Change the World 899:, which Kramer and co-star 721: 446: 10: 5332: 5211:20th-century American Jews 2748:Los Angeles Times Archives 2258:Stanley Kramer: Film Maker 1838:The Greatest Show on Earth 1754:The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T 1645:(associate producer, 1942) 348:DeWitt Clinton High School 4987: 4776: 4564: 4425: 4125: 3890: 3679: 3404: 3056: 3016: 3011:Awards for Stanley Kramer 2881:The Pride and the Passion 2867: 2002: 1997: 1975: 1960: 1922: 1912: 1874: 1869: 1819: 1794:Academy Award nominations 1722:The Member of the Wedding 1497:The Pride and the Passion 1388: 825:The Pride and the Passion 817:The Pride and the Passion 760:The Pride and the Passion 732:1960 Berlin Film Festival 668:The Member of the Wedding 281:(1954, as producer), and 201: 193: 106: 98: 81: 62: 40: 28: 21: 5256:Filmmakers from Brooklyn 5216:American autobiographers 5044:Joel Coen and Ethan Coen 2474:Awards for Ship of Fools 2452:, Macmillan (2008) p. 76 2368:, Macmillan (1998) p.767 2016:In the Heat of the Night 1482:As producer and director 1464:The Stanley Kramer Award 1067:Like his previous film, 407:He was drafted into the 221:" (he called his movies 2212:, Harcourt Brace (1997) 1420:meant to be American." 1314:Three Solitary Drinkers 1225:American Film Institute 1029:as his rival attorney, 551:(1950), which featured 1451:Hollywood Walk of Fame 1431: 1417: 1367:to direct and produce 1238: 1135: 1123: 1099: 1046: 1031:William Jennings Bryan 1021:, portraying the real 971: 922: 741: 719: 634:was called before the 573: 487: 208:(former-father-in-law) 4011:Alejandro G. Iñárritu 2913:Judgment at Nuremberg 2750:Retrieved 2010-06-12. 2489:Harris, Mark (2008). 2436:Judgment at Nuremberg 1925:Judgment at Nuremberg 1642:The Moon and Sixpence 1529:Judgment at Nuremberg 1426: 1412: 1308:was entered into the 1233: 1130: 1112: 1095: 1093:wrote in his review: 1070:Judgment at Nuremberg 1061:Judgment at Nuremberg 1039: 963: 917: 784:Judgment at Nuremberg 729: 715: 568: 520:Kramer next produced 482: 275:(1952, as producer), 266:Judgment at Nuremberg 4554:Joseph L. Mankiewicz 4356:Francis Ford Coppola 3736:Richard Attenborough 3712:Francis Ford Coppola 3645:Francis Ford Coppola 2985:The Domino Principle 2721:hollywoodchamber.net 2571:. February 20, 2001. 2395:Stevens, George Jr. 1617:The Domino Principle 1328:Retirement and death 1293:The Domino Principle 897:Moscow Film Festival 706:and was directed by 495:(1948), directed by 325:Stanley Kramer Award 155: 1950; 130: 1945; 5076:Michel Hazanavicius 4256:Lawrence Weingarten 3776:Bernardo Bertolucci 2993:The Runner Stumbles 2773:"PGA honors Loving" 2661:501 Movie Directors 2323:Wakeman, John. Ed. 1701:(1952) (uncredited) 1690:Death of a Salesman 1650:So This Is New York 1625:The Runner Stumbles 1299:The Runner Stumbles 1155:to emerging talent 656:Death of a Salesman 492:So This Is New York 237:), nuclear war (in 215:Stanley Earl Kramer 5276:Jewish film people 4344:Dino De Laurentiis 4286:Albert R. Broccoli 4027:Guillermo del Toro 3178:Dino De Laurentiis 2859:Films directed by 2819:TCM Movie Database 2738:2011-06-29 at the 2716:2010-06-12 at the 2641:The New York Times 2448:Shatner, William. 2410:The New York Times 2408:Crowther, Bosley. 1991:The Sound of Music 1951:and Robert Wise – 1778:A Child Is Waiting 1682:Cyrano de Bergerac 893:George Stevens Jr. 742: 578:Cyrano de Bergerac 341:Universal Pictures 337:Paramount Pictures 142:Anne Pearce Kramer 76:, California, U.S. 51:September 29, 1913 5188: 5187: 5182: 5181: 5172:Christopher Nolan 5100:Richard Linklater 4977:Steven Soderbergh 4929:Quentin Tarantino 4750:François Truffaut 4385: 4384: 4376:Michael G. Wilson 4308:Richard D. Zanuck 4142:David O. Selznick 4085: 4084: 4075:Christopher Nolan 4003:Richard Linklater 3533:Vincente Minnelli 3364: 3363: 3274:Michael G. Wilson 3146:Jerry Bruckheimer 3090:Richard D. Zanuck 3003: 3002: 2873:Not as a Stranger 2802:, video, 3.5 min. 2744:Los Angeles Times 2568:The Seattle Times 2353:Los Angeles Times 2297:February 21, 2001 2208:Kramer, Stanley. 2040: 2039: 1901:Vincente Minnelli 1863:On the Waterfront 1790: 1789: 1666:Home of the Brave 1489:Not as a Stranger 1447:Katharine Hepburn 1443:Maximilian Schell 1334:The Seattle Times 1247:François Truffaut 1221:Katharine Hepburn 1083:Maximilian Schell 1043:Inherit the Wind. 873:, and one white, 805:Not as a Stranger 754:Not as a Stranger 599:Columbia Pictures 523:Home of the Brave 497:Richard Fleischer 393:Republic Pictures 389:Columbia Pictures 375:Move to Hollywood 212: 211: 99:Years active 66:February 19, 2001 5323: 5175: 5167: 5159: 5151: 5143: 5135: 5127: 5119: 5111: 5103: 5095: 5087: 5079: 5071: 5063: 5055: 5047: 5039: 5031: 5023: 5015: 5007: 4999: 4980: 4972: 4964: 4956: 4948: 4940: 4932: 4924: 4916: 4908: 4900: 4892: 4884: 4876: 4868: 4860: 4852: 4844: 4836: 4828: 4820: 4812: 4804: 4796: 4788: 4769: 4761: 4758:Federico Fellini 4753: 4745: 4737: 4729: 4721: 4713: 4705: 4697: 4689: 4686:John Schlesinger 4681: 4673: 4665: 4660: 4652: 4640: 4632: 4624: 4616: 4608: 4600: 4592: 4584: 4576: 4557: 4549: 4541: 4533: 4525: 4517: 4509: 4501: 4493: 4485: 4477: 4469: 4461: 4458:Alfred Hitchcock 4453: 4445: 4442:Rouben Mamoulian 4437: 4412: 4405: 4398: 4389: 4388: 4372:Barbara Broccoli 4362:Kathleen Kennedy 4292:Steven Spielberg 4268:Pandro S. Berman 4244:Alfred Hitchcock 4196:Cecil B. DeMille 4184:Darryl F. Zanuck 4166:Darryl F. Zanuck 4130:Darryl F. Zanuck 4112: 4105: 4098: 4089: 4088: 4078: 4070: 4067:Steven Spielberg 4062: 4054: 4046: 4038: 4030: 4022: 4014: 4006: 3998: 3990: 3982: 3974: 3966: 3958: 3950: 3942: 3934: 3926: 3918: 3910: 3902: 3883: 3875: 3867: 3864:Steven Spielberg 3859: 3851: 3843: 3835: 3827: 3824:Steven Spielberg 3819: 3811: 3803: 3795: 3787: 3779: 3771: 3763: 3755: 3747: 3744:Barbra Streisand 3739: 3731: 3723: 3715: 3707: 3699: 3691: 3672: 3664: 3656: 3653:William Friedkin 3648: 3640: 3637:William Friedkin 3632: 3624: 3616: 3608: 3600: 3592: 3584: 3576: 3568: 3560: 3552: 3544: 3536: 3528: 3520: 3512: 3504: 3496: 3488: 3485:Cecil B. DeMille 3480: 3472: 3464: 3456: 3448: 3440: 3432: 3424: 3416: 3391: 3384: 3377: 3368: 3367: 3357: 3349: 3341: 3333: 3317: 3309: 3301: 3293: 3285: 3277: 3270:Barbara Broccoli 3265: 3253: 3250:Steven Spielberg 3245: 3237: 3229: 3221: 3214:Kathleen Kennedy 3209: 3197: 3189: 3181: 3173: 3165: 3157: 3149: 3141: 3133: 3125: 3117: 3109: 3101: 3093: 3081: 3078:Pandro S. Berman 3073: 3065: 3043: 3036: 3029: 3020: 3019: 3007: 3006: 2905:Inherit the Wind 2889:The Defiant Ones 2853: 2846: 2839: 2830: 2829: 2825: 2796: 2781: 2780: 2775:. Archived from 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2730: 2724: 2708: 2702: 2695: 2689: 2683: 2677: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2632: 2626: 2625: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2579: 2573: 2572: 2559: 2553: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2538: 2529:. Archived from 2519: 2513: 2512: 2496: 2486: 2477: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2453: 2446: 2440: 2431: 2425: 2419: 2413: 2406: 2400: 2393: 2382: 2375: 2369: 2362: 2356: 2345: 2328: 2321: 2298: 2287: 2270: 2267: 2261: 2254: 2213: 2206: 2193: 2179:Steven Spielberg 2167: 2162: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2152: 2143:. Archived from 2133: 2127: 2120: 2091: 2081: 2075: 2065: 2059: 2053: 1877:The Defiant Ones 1852:The Caine Mutiny 1833:Cecil B. DeMille 1798: 1797: 1762:The Caine Mutiny 1635:As producer only 1521:Inherit the Wind 1505:The Defiant Ones 1477: 1361:Robert Guillaume 1256:Bonnie and Clyde 1165:Dwight Macdonald 1157:Jonathan Winters 1075:Nuremberg Trials 1050:The Defiant Ones 1011:Robert Edwin Lee 994:Inherit the Wind 986:Inherit the Wind 913:The Defiant Ones 905:The Defiant Ones 866:The Defiant Ones 857:The Defiant Ones 778:Inherit the Wind 766:The Defiant Ones 746:The Caine Mutiny 737:Inherit the Wind 700:The Caine Mutiny 695:The Caine Mutiny 625: 429:first lieutenant 381:Great Depression 364:20th Century Fox 346:Kramer attended 292:Steven Spielberg 278:The Caine Mutiny 260:Inherit the Wind 228:The Defiant Ones 184: 182: 160: 158: 154: 135: 133: 129: 69: 50: 48: 33: 19: 18: 5331: 5330: 5326: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5321: 5320: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5184: 5183: 5178: 5170: 5164:S. S. Rajamouli 5162: 5154: 5146: 5138: 5130: 5122: 5114: 5106: 5098: 5090: 5084:Kathryn Bigelow 5082: 5074: 5066: 5060:Kathryn Bigelow 5058: 5050: 5042: 5036:Martin Scorsese 5034: 5026: 5018: 5010: 5002: 4994: 4983: 4975: 4967: 4961:Terrence Malick 4959: 4951: 4943: 4935: 4927: 4919: 4911: 4903: 4897:Martin Scorsese 4895: 4887: 4879: 4873:James L. Brooks 4871: 4863: 4855: 4847: 4839: 4831: 4823: 4815: 4807: 4801:Terrence Malick 4799: 4791: 4783: 4772: 4764: 4756: 4748: 4740: 4734:Stanley Kubrick 4732: 4724: 4716: 4708: 4700: 4692: 4684: 4678:Stanley Kubrick 4676: 4670:Tony Richardson 4668: 4664:No Award (1962) 4663: 4655: 4643: 4635: 4627: 4619: 4611: 4603: 4595: 4587: 4579: 4571: 4560: 4552: 4544: 4536: 4528: 4520: 4512: 4504: 4496: 4488: 4480: 4472: 4464: 4456: 4450:Gregory La Cava 4448: 4440: 4432: 4421: 4416: 4386: 4381: 4154:Sidney Franklin 4121: 4116: 4086: 4081: 4073: 4065: 4057: 4049: 4041: 4033: 4025: 4019:Damien Chazelle 4017: 4009: 4001: 3993: 3985: 3979:Martin Scorsese 3977: 3969: 3961: 3953: 3947:Julian Schnabel 3945: 3939:Martin Scorsese 3937: 3929: 3921: 3913: 3907:Martin Scorsese 3905: 3897: 3886: 3878: 3870: 3862: 3854: 3846: 3838: 3832:Robert Zemeckis 3830: 3822: 3814: 3806: 3798: 3790: 3782: 3774: 3766: 3758: 3750: 3742: 3734: 3726: 3718: 3710: 3702: 3694: 3686: 3675: 3667: 3659: 3651: 3643: 3635: 3627: 3621:Charles Jarrott 3619: 3611: 3603: 3595: 3587: 3579: 3571: 3563: 3555: 3547: 3539: 3531: 3523: 3515: 3507: 3499: 3491: 3483: 3475: 3467: 3459: 3451: 3443: 3435: 3427: 3419: 3411: 3400: 3395: 3365: 3360: 3354:Martin Scorsese 3352: 3344: 3336: 3320: 3312: 3304: 3296: 3288: 3280: 3268: 3256: 3248: 3240: 3232: 3226:Michael Douglas 3224: 3212: 3200: 3192: 3184: 3176: 3168: 3162:Lawrence Gordon 3160: 3152: 3144: 3136: 3128: 3120: 3112: 3104: 3096: 3084: 3076: 3068: 3060: 3052: 3047: 3012: 3004: 2999: 2863: 2857: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2784: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2758: 2754: 2740:Wayback Machine 2731: 2727: 2718:Wayback Machine 2709: 2705: 2696: 2692: 2688:, Aug. 18, 2008 2684: 2680: 2671: 2667: 2659: 2655: 2645: 2643: 2633: 2629: 2614: 2610: 2598: 2597: 2593: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2549: 2545: 2536: 2534: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2509: 2487: 2480: 2472: 2468: 2460: 2456: 2447: 2443: 2432: 2428: 2420: 2416: 2407: 2403: 2394: 2385: 2376: 2372: 2364:Katz, Ephraim. 2363: 2359: 2355:, Feb. 20, 2001 2347:Dutka, Elaine. 2346: 2331: 2322: 2301: 2288: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2260:, Putnam (1978) 2256:Spoto, Donald. 2255: 2216: 2207: 2196: 2165: 2163: 2159: 2150: 2148: 2135: 2134: 2130: 2122:Byman, Jeremy. 2121: 2094: 2090:, Jan. 12, 2015 2082: 2078: 2074:, Jan. 12, 2015 2066: 2062: 2054: 2050: 2045: 1954:West Side Story 1936:West Side Story 1796: 1791: 1637: 1484: 1474: 1466: 1391: 1330: 1251:Jean-Luc Godard 1207: 1177: 1143: 1126:William Shatner 1120: 1119: 1079:Richard Widmark 1065: 1023:Clarence Darrow 1007:Jerome Lawrence 990: 952:Anthony Perkins 930: 888:, winning two. 861: 821: 724: 640:Communist Party 623: 595: 561:Bosley Crowther 536:Arthur Laurents 499:, and based on 449: 411:in 1943 during 377: 372: 333: 189: 186: 183: 1966) 178: 174: 171: 170: 162: 159: 1963) 150: 146: 143: 137: 134: 1945) 125: 121: 118: 116:Marilyn Erskine 94: 77: 71: 67: 58: 52: 46: 44: 36: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5329: 5319: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5168: 5160: 5152: 5144: 5136: 5132:Alfonso Cuarón 5128: 5120: 5112: 5104: 5096: 5088: 5080: 5072: 5064: 5056: 5048: 5040: 5032: 5024: 5020:Clint Eastwood 5016: 5008: 5000: 4991: 4989: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4981: 4973: 4965: 4957: 4949: 4945:Lars von Trier 4941: 4933: 4925: 4917: 4909: 4905:Jonathan Demme 4901: 4893: 4885: 4877: 4869: 4861: 4853: 4845: 4841:Ingmar Bergman 4837: 4833:Sydney Pollack 4829: 4821: 4817:Jonathan Demme 4813: 4805: 4797: 4789: 4785:Alan J. Pakula 4780: 4778: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4770: 4762: 4754: 4746: 4742:Ingmar Bergman 4738: 4730: 4722: 4714: 4706: 4698: 4694:Fred Zinnemann 4690: 4682: 4674: 4666: 4661: 4653: 4641: 4637:Fred Zinnemann 4633: 4629:Stanley Kramer 4625: 4617: 4609: 4601: 4593: 4589:Fred Zinnemann 4585: 4581:Fred Zinnemann 4577: 4568: 4566: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4550: 4542: 4534: 4526: 4518: 4510: 4502: 4498:George Stevens 4494: 4486: 4478: 4470: 4462: 4454: 4446: 4438: 4429: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4415: 4414: 4407: 4400: 4392: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4379: 4369: 4366:Frank Marshall 4359: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4332:Norman Jewison 4329: 4323: 4320:Clint Eastwood 4317: 4311: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4274:Walter Mirisch 4271: 4265: 4259: 4253: 4250:Ingmar Bergman 4247: 4241: 4235: 4229: 4223: 4220:Stanley Kramer 4217: 4214:Jack L. Warner 4211: 4205: 4202:George Stevens 4199: 4193: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4172:Samuel Goldwyn 4169: 4163: 4157: 4151: 4145: 4139: 4133: 4126: 4123: 4122: 4115: 4114: 4107: 4100: 4092: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4079: 4071: 4063: 4055: 4047: 4039: 4035:Alfonso Cuarón 4031: 4023: 4015: 4007: 3999: 3995:Alfonso Cuarón 3991: 3983: 3975: 3967: 3959: 3951: 3943: 3935: 3927: 3923:Clint Eastwood 3919: 3911: 3903: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3884: 3876: 3868: 3860: 3852: 3844: 3836: 3828: 3820: 3816:Clint Eastwood 3812: 3804: 3796: 3788: 3784:Clint Eastwood 3780: 3772: 3764: 3756: 3748: 3740: 3732: 3724: 3720:Robert Redford 3716: 3708: 3704:Michael Cimino 3700: 3692: 3683: 3681: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3673: 3665: 3661:Roman Polanski 3657: 3649: 3641: 3633: 3625: 3617: 3609: 3601: 3597:Fred Zinnemann 3593: 3585: 3577: 3569: 3561: 3557:Stanley Kramer 3553: 3545: 3537: 3529: 3521: 3513: 3505: 3497: 3493:Fred Zinnemann 3489: 3481: 3477:László Benedek 3473: 3465: 3457: 3449: 3441: 3433: 3425: 3417: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3394: 3393: 3386: 3379: 3371: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3358: 3350: 3342: 3334: 3326:Jeremy Kleiner 3318: 3310: 3302: 3294: 3286: 3282:Gale Anne Hurd 3278: 3266: 3254: 3246: 3238: 3230: 3222: 3218:Frank Marshall 3210: 3198: 3190: 3182: 3174: 3166: 3158: 3150: 3142: 3134: 3130:Clint Eastwood 3126: 3118: 3114:Walter Mirisch 3110: 3106:Howard W. Koch 3102: 3094: 3082: 3074: 3070:Stanley Kramer 3066: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3046: 3045: 3038: 3031: 3023: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2997: 2989: 2981: 2973: 2969:Oklahoma Crude 2965: 2957: 2949: 2941: 2933: 2925: 2917: 2909: 2901: 2893: 2885: 2877: 2868: 2865: 2864: 2861:Stanley Kramer 2856: 2855: 2848: 2841: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2815:Stanley Kramer 2812: 2806:Stanley Kramer 2803: 2789: 2788:External links 2786: 2783: 2782: 2779:on 2017-12-01. 2764: 2752: 2725: 2711:History of WOF 2703: 2697:David Thomson 2690: 2678: 2665: 2653: 2627: 2608: 2591: 2574: 2554: 2543: 2514: 2508:978-0143115038 2507: 2478: 2466: 2454: 2441: 2426: 2414: 2401: 2383: 2377:Kirk Douglas, 2370: 2357: 2329: 2299: 2295:New York Times 2271: 2262: 2214: 2194: 2157: 2128: 2092: 2076: 2060: 2047: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2037: 2026: 2020: 2019: 2011:Walter Mirisch 2008: 2001: 1995: 1994: 1988:Robert Wise – 1986: 1979: 1974: 1968: 1967: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1949:Jerome Robbins 1946: 1940: 1939: 1928: 1921: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1898: 1892: 1891: 1880: 1873: 1867: 1866: 1855: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1830: 1823: 1818: 1812: 1811: 1810:Resulting Win 1808: 1805: 1802: 1795: 1792: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1774: 1770:Pressure Point 1766: 1758: 1750: 1742: 1734: 1730:Eight Iron Men 1726: 1718: 1714:The Happy Time 1710: 1702: 1694: 1686: 1678: 1670: 1662: 1654: 1646: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1621: 1613: 1605: 1597: 1589: 1585:Oklahoma Crude 1581: 1573: 1565: 1557: 1549: 1541: 1533: 1525: 1517: 1509: 1501: 1493: 1483: 1480: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1465: 1462: 1390: 1387: 1329: 1326: 1322:Walter Matthau 1305:Oklahoma Crude 1287:Oklahoma Crude 1217:Sidney Poitier 1206: 1200: 1176: 1170: 1142: 1136: 1064: 1058: 989: 983: 929: 923: 901:Sidney Poitier 886:Academy Awards 881:New York Times 871:Sidney Poitier 860: 854: 834:C. S. Forester 820: 814: 723: 720: 708:Edward Dmytryk 617:Fred Zinnemann 594: 591: 583:Edmond Rostand 557:Fred Zinnemann 478:George Stevens 448: 445: 425:Anatole Litvak 376: 373: 371: 368: 332: 329: 297:Victor Navasky 210: 209: 203: 199: 198: 195: 191: 190: 188: 187: 176: 172: 166: 165: 163: 148: 144: 141: 140: 138: 123: 119: 114: 113: 110: 108: 104: 103: 100: 96: 95: 93: 92: 89: 85: 83: 79: 78: 72: 70:(aged 87) 64: 60: 59: 53: 42: 38: 37: 35:Kramer in 1955 34: 26: 25: 23:Stanley Kramer 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5328: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5116:Barry Jenkins 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5092:Steve McQueen 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5068:David Fincher 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5012:Sofia Coppola 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4996:Robert Altman 4993: 4992: 4990: 4986: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4953:Curtis Hanson 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4913:Robert Altman 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4889:Paul Mazursky 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4775: 4767: 4766:Robert Altman 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4662: 4658: 4657:Robert Rossen 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4522:William Wyler 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4413: 4408: 4406: 4401: 4399: 4394: 4393: 4390: 4377: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4351: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4338:Warren Beatty 4336: 4333: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4254: 4251: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4239: 4236: 4233: 4232:William Wyler 4230: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4160:Hal B. Wallis 4158: 4155: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4136:Hal B. Wallis 4134: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4124: 4120: 4113: 4108: 4106: 4101: 4099: 4094: 4093: 4090: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3971:David Fincher 3968: 3964: 3963:James Cameron 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3915:Peter Jackson 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3899:Robert Altman 3896: 3895: 3893: 3889: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3856:James Cameron 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3800:Kevin Costner 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3728:Warren Beatty 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3678: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3629:Arthur Hiller 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3541:William Wyler 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3461:Robert Rossen 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3392: 3387: 3385: 3380: 3378: 3373: 3372: 3369: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3306:Charles Roven 3303: 3299: 3298:Irwin Winkler 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3234:John Lasseter 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3138:Steven Bochco 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3055: 3051: 3044: 3039: 3037: 3032: 3030: 3025: 3024: 3021: 3015: 3008: 2995: 2994: 2990: 2987: 2986: 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2296: 2292: 2289:Lyman, Rick. 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2266: 2259: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2211: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2192: 2188: 2187:Harrison Ford 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2161: 2147:on 2013-01-16 2146: 2142: 2138: 2132: 2125: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2089: 2088:NY Daily News 2085: 2080: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2024:Best Director 2022: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2006: 2000: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1985: 1984: 1983:Ship of Fools 1980: 1978: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1944:Best Director 1942: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1926: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1896:Best Director 1894: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1878: 1872: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1831: 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1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1306: 1301: 1300: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1282: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1270: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1257: 1252: 1248: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1213: 1204: 1199: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1182: 1181:Ship of Fools 1174: 1173:Ship of Fools 1169: 1166: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1153:Buster Keaton 1150: 1149: 1140: 1134: 1129: 1127: 1122: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1104: 1103:Arthur Knight 1098: 1094: 1092: 1091:Hollis Alpert 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1071: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1045: 1044: 1038: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1027:Fredric March 1024: 1020: 1019:Spencer Tracy 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 995: 987: 982: 980: 979:Hollis Alpert 976: 975:Arthur Knight 970: 968: 962: 960: 959:Linus Pauling 955: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 936: 927: 921: 916: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 889: 887: 882: 878: 876: 872: 868: 867: 858: 853: 851: 847: 843: 842:Frank Sinatra 839: 835: 832:, a novel by 831: 827: 826: 818: 813: 811: 807: 806: 800: 798: 797: 792: 791: 786: 785: 780: 779: 774: 773: 768: 767: 762: 761: 756: 755: 749: 747: 739: 738: 733: 728: 718: 714: 711: 709: 705: 701: 697: 696: 690: 688: 687: 682: 681: 676: 675: 670: 669: 664: 663: 658: 657: 651: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 622: 618: 614: 613: 607: 604: 600: 590: 588: 584: 580: 579: 572: 567: 564: 562: 558: 554: 553:Marlon Brando 550: 549: 543: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 524: 518: 516: 512: 511: 506: 505:The Big Town. 502: 498: 494: 493: 486: 481: 479: 475: 471: 467: 466:William Wyler 463: 459: 453: 444: 442: 439:and producer 438: 432: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 405: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 367: 365: 361: 357: 353: 352:Pi Lambda Phi 349: 344: 342: 338: 328: 326: 322: 318: 314: 308: 306: 305:Golden Globes 302: 298: 293: 288: 286: 285: 284:Ship of Fools 280: 279: 274: 273: 268: 267: 262: 261: 256: 252: 248: 247: 243:), greed (in 242: 241: 236: 235: 230: 229: 224: 220: 219:message films 216: 207: 204: 200: 196: 192: 169: 164: 139: 117: 112: 111: 109: 105: 101: 97: 90: 87: 86: 84: 80: 75: 65: 61: 56: 55:New York City 43: 39: 32: 27: 20: 5156:Jane Campion 4988:2001–present 4921:Jane Campion 4881:Chris Menges 4825:Sidney Lumet 4726:Bob Rafelson 4718:Costa-Gavras 4702:Mike Nichols 4649:Billy Wilder 4645:Jack Cardiff 4628: 4514:Billy Wilder 4314:George Lucas 4298:Billy Wilder 4262:Mervyn LeRoy 4219: 4190:Arthur Freed 4059:Jane Campion 3891:2001–present 3848:Miloš Forman 3808:Oliver Stone 3792:Oliver Stone 3768:Oliver Stone 3752:Miloš Forman 3696:Herbert Ross 3688:Sidney Lumet 3669:Miloš Forman 3605:Mike Nichols 3581:George Cukor 3556: 3549:Jack Cardiff 3509:Joshua Logan 3469:Billy Wilder 3429:Billy Wilder 3322:Dede Gardner 3290:David Heyman 3258:Eric Fellner 3202:Douglas Wick 3194:Roger Corman 3186:Laura Ziskin 3170:Robert Evans 3154:Brian Grazer 3122:Billy Wilder 3069: 2991: 2983: 2975: 2967: 2959: 2951: 2943: 2935: 2927: 2919: 2911: 2903: 2897:On the Beach 2895: 2887: 2879: 2871: 2860: 2777:the original 2767: 2755: 2743: 2742:(abstract). 2728: 2720: 2706: 2698: 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