84:
721:
11 and the subsystem containing its secondary component would be numbered 12. Subsystems which would appear below this in the mobile diagram will be given numbers with three, four, or more digits. When describing a non-hierarchical system by this method, the same subsystem number will be used more than once; for example, a system with three visual components, A, B, and C, no two of which can be grouped into a subsystem, would have two subsystems numbered 1 denoting the two binaries AB and AC. In this case, if B and C were subsequently resolved into binaries, they would be given the subsystem numbers 12 and 13.
5152:
367:
5066:
3549:
804:
54:
5116:
100:
315:, which have more complex dynamics and typically have from 100 to 1,000 stars. Most multiple star systems known are triple; for higher multiplicities, the number of known systems with a given multiplicity decreases exponentially with multiplicity. For example, in the 1999 revision of Tokovinin's catalog of physical multiple stars, 551 out of the 728 systems described are triple. However, because of suspected
5140:
5104:
5128:
1014:
5077:
586:, this is actually a triple system. The triple system has the more distant visual companion Gliese 643 and the still more distant visual companion Gliese 644C, which, because of their common motion with Gliese 644AB, are thought to be gravitationally bound to the triple system. This forms a quintuple system whose mobile diagram would be the diagram of level 4 appearing in (f).;
790:, which may be optical rather than physical, this hierarchy may be only apparent. It uses upper-case letters (A, B, ...) for the first level of the hierarchy, lower-case letters (a, b, ...) for the second level, and numbers (1, 2, ...) for the third. Subsequent levels would use alternating lower-case letters and numbers, but no examples of this were found in the sample.
713:
770:
For a designation system, identifying the hierarchy within the system has the advantage that it makes identifying subsystems and computing their properties easier. However, it causes problems when new components are discovered at a level above or intermediate to the existing hierarchy. In this case,
720:
A. A. Tokovinin's
Multiple Star Catalogue uses a system in which each subsystem in a mobile diagram is encoded by a sequence of digits. In the mobile diagram (d) above, for example, the widest system would be given the number 1, while the subsystem containing its primary component would be numbered
1288:
star means that the stars may appear to be close to each other, when viewed from planet Earth, as they both seem to occupy nearly the same point in the sky, but in reality, one star may be much farther away from Earth than the other, which is not readily apparent unless one can view them over the
3229:
Mayer, P.; Harmanec, P.; Zasche, P.; Brož, M.; Catalan-Hurtado, R.; Barlow, B. N.; Frondorf, W.; Wolf, M.; Drechsel, H.; Chini, R.; Nasseri, A.; Pigulski, A.; Labadie-Bartz, J.; Christie, G. W.; Walker, W. S. G.; Blackford, M.; Blane, D.; Henden, A. A.; Bohlsen, T.; Božić, H.; Jonák, J. (2022).
551:
A simplex diagram of hierarchy 3 may describe a system with anywhere from four to eight components. The mobile diagram in (e) shows an example of a quadruple system with hierarchy 3, consisting of a single distant component orbiting a close binary system, with one of the components of the close
481:
783:, was later prepared. The issue was discussed again at the 25th General Assembly in 2003, and it was again resolved by commissions 5, 8, 26, 42, and 45, as well as the Working Group on Interferometry, that the WMC scheme should be expanded and further developed.
925:
or Alpha Ursae
Minoris (α UMi), the north star, is a triple star system in which the closer companion star is extremely close to the main star—so close that it was only known from its gravitational tug on Polaris A (α UMi A) until it was imaged by the
986:. It was discovered to be a triple system in 2013, when the K type flare star TW Piscis Austrini and the red dwarf LP 876-10 were all confirmed to share proper motion through space. The primary has a massive dust disk similar to that of the early
90:
918:
or as far away as 36 AU. Proxima
Centauri, also (though less frequently) called Alpha Centauri C, is much farther away (between 4300 and 13,000 AU) from α Cen AB, and orbits the central pair with a period of 547,000 (+66,000/-40,000)
778:
in 2000, the WMC scheme was endorsed and it was resolved by
Commissions 5, 8, 26, 42, and 45 that it should be expanded into a usable uniform designation scheme. A sample of a catalog using the WMC scheme, covering half an hour of
386:. Each of these smaller groups must also be hierarchical, which means that they must be divided into smaller subgroups which themselves are hierarchical, and so on. Each level of the hierarchy can be treated as a
570:
stars. By itself, this would be a quadruple hierarchy 2 system as in (d), but it is orbited by a fainter more distant component, which is also a close red dwarf binary. This forms a sextuple system of hierarchy
623:. Such stars eventually settle down to a close binary with a distant companion, with the other star(s) previously in the system ejected into interstellar space at high velocities. This dynamic may explain the
529:, i.e. if the decomposition of some subsystem involves two or more orbits with comparable size. Because, as we have already seen for triple stars, this may be unstable, multiple stars are expected to be
602:
Trapezia are usually very young, unstable systems. These are thought to form in stellar nurseries, and quickly fragment into stable multiple stars, which in the process may eject components as galactic
444:. The reason for this arrangement is that if the inner and outer orbits are comparable in size, the system may become dynamically unstable, leading to a star being ejected from the system.
513:
Hierarchical multiple star systems with more than three stars can produce a number of more complicated arrangements. These arrangements can be organized by what Evans (1968) called
392:
by considering close pairs as if they were a single star. In these systems there is little interaction between the orbits and the stars' motion will continue to approximate stable
1134:
and revolve around each other once every 7.15 days. These in turn orbit the third star once every 145 days. The fourth star orbits the other three stars roughly every fifty years.
4917:
594:. Others consider complex multiple stars will in time theoretically disintegrate into less complex multiple stars, like more common observed triples or quadruples are possible.
1164:
729:
The current nomenclature for double and multiple stars can cause confusion as binary stars discovered in different ways are given different designations (for example,
771:
part of the hierarchy will shift inwards. Components which are found to be nonexistent, or are later reassigned to a different subsystem, also cause problems.
1040:, around 42 light years away from the Solar System. It has an apparent magnitude of around 0.08, making Capella one of the brightest stars in the night sky.
3096:
3073:
2621:
1412:
3032:
3057:
786:
The sample WMC is hierarchically organized; the hierarchy used is based on observed orbital periods or separations. Since it contains many visual
1224:
737:
for eclipsing binary stars), and, worse, component letters may be assigned differently by different authors, so that, for example, one person's
2925:
759:
The
Sequential Designation Method, a non-hierarchical scheme in which components and subsystems are assigned numbers in order of discovery; and
1159:
521:). Each level of the diagram illustrates the decomposition of the system into two or more systems with smaller size. Evans calls a diagram
940:. The red dwarf, C, hosts between two and seven planets, of which one, Cc, alongside the unconfirmed Cf and Ce, are potentially habitable.
330:
systems, which are stable, and consist of nested orbits that do not interact much, and so each level of the hierarchy can be treated as a
517:, which look similar to ornamental mobiles hung from the ceiling. Examples of hierarchical systems are given in the figure to the right (
1098:
448:
is an example of a physical hierarchical triple system, which has an outer star orbiting an inner physical binary composed of two more
627:
that might have been ejected during a collision of two binary star groups or a multiple system. This event is credited with ejecting
1693:
3374:
1084:
2453:
2328:
4949:
2653:
1349:
382:: the stars in the system can be divided into two smaller groups, each of which traverses a larger orbit around the system's
3230:"Towards a consistent model of the hot quadruple system HD 93206 = QZ Carinæ — I. Observations and their initial analyses".
2426:
2399:
2299:
393:
3172:"Surveying the Bright Stars by Optical Interferometry. III. A Magnitude-limited Multiplicity Survey of Classical Be Stars"
2951:
Stelzer, B.; Burwitz, V. (2003). "Castor a and Castor B resolved in a simultaneous
Chandra and XMM-Newton observation".
2674:
1004:
and two main-sequence stars. The orbits of the stars are oriented in such a way that all three stars eclipse each other.
4924:
4243:
3435:
2693:
574:
The maximum hierarchy occurring in A. A. Tokovinin's
Multiple Star Catalogue, as of 1999, is 4. For example, the stars
2792:
Schütz, O.; Meeus, G.; Carmona, A.; Juhász, A.; Sterzik, M. F. (2011). "The young B-star quintuple system HD 155448".
2278:
2153:
2089:
1888:
1797:
1725:
1675:
1509:
1322:
619:. These stars have no standard hierarchical arrangements, but compete for stable orbits. This relationship is called
440:, and the third orbits this pair at a distance much larger than that of the binary orbit. This arrangement is called
2872:
Lohr, M. E.; et al. (2015). "The doubly eclipsing quintuple low-mass star system 1SWASP J093010.78+533859.5".
2506:
Mason, Brian D.; Wycoff, Gary L.; Hartkopf, William I.; Douglass, Geoffrey G.; Worley, Charles E. (December 2001).
2001:
Rubinov, A. V. (2004). "Dynamical
Evolution of Multiple Stars: Influence of the Initial Parameters of the System".
775:
3315:
4636:
2307:
1974:
Zhuchkov, R. Ya.; Orlov, V. V.; Rubinov, A. V. (2006). "Multiple stars with low hierarchy: stable or unstable?".
1700:, A. Tokovinin, in "Massive Stars in Interacting Binaries", 16–20 August 2004, Quebec (ASP Conf. Ser., in print).
590:
Higher hierarchies are also possible. Most of these higher hierarchies either are stable or suffer from internal
2710:
83:
53:
4929:
4566:
4550:
3585:
3093:
2737:
763:
3070:
2618:
4976:
4843:
3440:
3303:
1444:
4959:
4910:
4885:
4178:
3498:
3367:
2105:
753:
548:
A simplex diagram of hierarchy 2 may describe a triple system, as in (c), or a quadruple system, as in (d).
374:. While only two stars are apparent, it is actually a quadruple system containing two sets of binary stars.
3325:
232:
to be close to one another in the sky. This may result from the stars actually being physically close and
4900:
4880:
3447:
3415:
4263:
5094:
4964:
4895:
4865:
1056:
734:
4971:
4848:
4825:
4407:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
2845:
Gregg, T. A.; Prsa, A.; Welsh, W. F.; Orosz, J. A.; Fetherolf, T. (2013). "A Syzygy of KIC 4150611".
2929:
1416:
1095:) orbiting two of the four stars, making it the first known planet to be in a quadruple star system.
89:
Algol A is being regularly eclipsed by the dimmer Algol B every 2.87 days. (Imaged in the
4114:
3988:
3623:
591:
144:, although, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with
21:
3117:
Zasche, P.; Henzl, Z.; Mašek, M. (2022). "Multiply eclipsing candidates from the TESS satellite".
1579:
Leonard, Peter J.T. (2001). "Multiple stellar systems: Types and stability". In Murdin, P. (ed.).
762:
WMC, the
Washington Multiplicity Catalog, a hierarchical scheme in which the suffixes used in the
259:. Systems with four or more components are less likely to occur. Multiple-star systems are called
4890:
4641:
4440:
4350:
4310:
4292:
4218:
3789:
3715:
3360:
730:
3004:
Tokovinin, A. A.; Shatskii, N. I.; Magnitskii, A. K. (1998). "ADS 9731: A new sextuple system".
2599:
5051:
5031:
4803:
4798:
4591:
4540:
4345:
4335:
4008:
3806:
3774:
3665:
3648:
1116:
958:
927:
808:
749:
KoMa, a hierarchical scheme using upper- and lower-case letters and Arabic and Roman numerals;
5172:
4905:
4875:
4870:
4860:
4788:
4576:
3742:
3552:
3425:
1452:
696:. Components discovered close to an already known component may be assigned suffixes such as
4023:
3253:
3140:
2974:
2895:
2815:
2570:
1815:"Studies of multiple stellar systems – IV. The triple-lined spectroscopic system Gliese 644"
1393:
5046:
4944:
4934:
4783:
4751:
4545:
4340:
4325:
3638:
3529:
3249:
3193:
3136:
3013:
2970:
2891:
2854:
2811:
2774:
2566:
2519:
2488:
2229:
2182:
2117:
2053:
2010:
1983:
1948:
1913:
1836:
1754:
1638:
1580:
1561:
1534:
1389:
583:
567:
401:
68:
2108:; Poveda, A.; Hernández-Alcántara, A. (2006). "Runaway Stars, Trapezia, and Subtrapezia".
1525:
Tokovinin, A. (2001). "Statistics of multiple stars: Some clues to formation mechanisms".
177:
8:
5144:
4506:
4489:
4160:
4062:
3885:
3483:
3170:
Hutter, D. J.; Tycner, C.; Zavala, R. T.; Benson, J. A.; Hummel, C. A.; Zirm, H. (2021).
2508:"The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. I. The Washington Double Star Catalog"
2210:
Hoogerwerf, R.; de
Bruijne, J.H.J.; de Zeeuw, P.T (2000). "The origin of runaway stars".
1690:
906:, designated as Alpha Centauri AB, α Cen AB, or RHD 1 AB, where the AB denotes this is a
745:. Discussion starting in 1999 resulted in four proposed schemes to address this problem:
4646:
3197:
3017:
2858:
2778:
2523:
2492:
2427:"Examples of multiple stellar systems discovery history to test new designation schemes"
2233:
2186:
2121:
2057:
2014:
1987:
1952:
1917:
1840:
1758:
1642:
1565:
1538:
5132:
5120:
5041:
5002:
4954:
4939:
4853:
4793:
4716:
4626:
4596:
4586:
4530:
4452:
4143:
3779:
3578:
3488:
3265:
3239:
3211:
3183:
3152:
3126:
2986:
2960:
2907:
2881:
2827:
2801:
2681:, Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Bononiae: Ex typographia haeredis Victorij Benatij, 1651.
2582:
2556:
2329:"Addressing confusion in double star nomenclature: The Washington Multiplicity Catalog"
2245:
2219:
2026:
1854:
1826:
1119:
1060:
994:. That same year, the tertiary star, LP 876-10 was also confirmed to house a dust disk.
807:
Sirius A (center), with its white dwarf companion, Sirius B (lower left) taken by the
180:
from one star to the other, such a system is stable, and both stars will trace out an
4992:
4417:
4390:
4370:
4170:
3954:
3942:
3769:
3749:
3703:
3685:
3653:
3269:
3215:
3156:
3051:
2649:
2274:
2149:
2085:
2030:
1960:
1884:
1849:
1814:
1793:
1743:"A note on the stability of hierarchical triple stars with initially circular orbits"
1721:
1671:
1505:
1345:
1318:
1236:
973:. B and C orbit each other every 156 days, and, as a group, orbit A every 25.7 years.
962:
915:
883:
879:
640:
608:
312:
4477:
2990:
2911:
2831:
2586:
2457:
1858:
1071:
of its components Mizar A and B revealed that they are both binary stars themselves.
5108:
4820:
4773:
4723:
4711:
4689:
4684:
4611:
4571:
4518:
4300:
4223:
4198:
4092:
4013:
3737:
3698:
3462:
3420:
3257:
3201:
3144:
2978:
2899:
2819:
2574:
2547:
Kervella, P.; Thévenin, F.; Lovis, C. (2017). "Proxima's orbit around α Centauri".
2527:
2479:
Argyle, R. W. (2004). "A new classification scheme for double and multiple stars".
2332:
2249:
2237:
2190:
2018:
1956:
1921:
1844:
1762:
1397:
1290:
983:
899:
891:
887:
712:
388:
332:
316:
191:
181:
145:
39:
3261:
3148:
2903:
2823:
2578:
2306:, Brian D. Mason, Gary L. Wycoff, and William I. Hartkopf, Astrometry Department,
2270:
2264:
2171:"The Space Motions of AE Aurigae and mu Columbae with Respect to the Orion Nebula"
2145:
2139:
2081:
2075:
1880:
1874:
1789:
1783:
1717:
1711:
1601:
752:
The Urban/Corbin Designation Method, a hierarchical numeric scheme similar to the
5007:
4810:
4679:
4523:
4494:
4435:
4430:
4305:
4033:
3998:
3932:
3878:
3873:
3818:
3628:
3319:
3307:
3100:
3077:
2982:
2697:
2678:
2643:
2625:
2303:
1697:
1667:
1657:
1499:
1339:
1144:
854:
780:
469:
35:
2430:
2403:
2296:
240:
multiple star, or this closeness may be merely apparent, in which case it is an
5156:
5069:
4835:
4674:
4501:
4472:
4447:
4380:
4069:
3937:
3823:
3725:
3615:
3605:
3478:
3206:
3171:
1219:
1088:
875:
575:
433:
383:
349:
72:
20:
This article is about astronomical objects. For the Hollywood star system, see
3347:
3295:
2044:
Harrington, R. S. (1977). "Multiple Star Formation from N-Body System Decay".
1767:
1742:
803:
559:, also known as Alpha Geminorum or α Gem. It consists of what appears to be a
5166:
5021:
4815:
4778:
4746:
4621:
4330:
4153:
4124:
4102:
3720:
3693:
3670:
3571:
3534:
3519:
3033:"Discovery Alert: First Six-star System Where All Six Stars Undergo Eclipses"
2765:
Nemravová, J. A.; et al. (2013). "An Unusual Quadruple System ξ Tauri".
2668:
1191:
1181:
1112:
980:
955:
824:
604:
560:
556:
64:
3104:
3081:
2844:
2690:
2629:
1426:
660:
The components of multiple stars can be specified by appending the suffixes
5081:
4756:
4706:
4701:
4601:
4484:
4467:
4425:
4395:
4385:
4320:
4203:
4148:
4129:
4109:
4087:
4079:
3922:
3915:
3754:
3675:
3658:
3493:
3430:
3410:
3405:
3342:
3337:
3290:
3285:
3031:
Md, By Jeanette Kazmierczak NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt.
1265:
1201:
1197:
1176:
1068:
1048:
987:
966:
848:
644:
624:
615:. Such systems are not rare, and commonly appear close to or within bright
612:
409:
354:
134:
2376:
1402:
1377:
93:
by the CHARA interferometer. Sudden jumps in the animation are artifacts.)
4997:
4669:
4651:
4631:
4606:
4535:
4457:
4213:
4188:
4183:
4097:
4057:
4018:
3983:
3966:
3961:
3633:
3514:
3457:
3338:
NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Triple star system (11 September 2002)
3286:
NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Triple star system (11 September 2002)
2965:
2354:
2224:
1831:
1123:
1052:
991:
907:
903:
858:
843:
828:
820:
787:
632:
579:
461:
437:
173:
168:
157:
28:
3343:
NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Alpha Centauri system (23 March 2003)
3291:
NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Alpha Centauri system (23 March 2003)
2791:
366:
4581:
4278:
4251:
4228:
4208:
4193:
4045:
3949:
3927:
3905:
3900:
3764:
3524:
3312:
1248:
1214:
1108:
1092:
1043:
1033:
947:
933:
636:
628:
545:
A simplex diagram of hierarchy 1, as in (b), describes a binary system.
445:
347:
which have unstable strongly interacting orbits and are modelled as an
209:
205:
185:
5151:
2022:
322:
Multiple-star systems can be divided into two main dynamical classes:
4768:
4616:
4400:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4315:
4268:
4258:
4052:
4028:
4003:
3910:
3861:
3794:
3784:
3759:
3732:
3708:
3643:
1663:
1260:
1186:
1154:
1037:
1021:
1001:
997:
976:
970:
943:
937:
895:
449:
106:
1473:
132:. A large group of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a
4761:
4462:
4136:
3895:
3868:
3244:
3188:
3131:
2886:
2561:
2532:
2507:
2241:
2195:
2170:
2110:
Revista Mexicana de AstronomĂa y AstrofĂsica, Serie de Conferencias
1925:
1554:
Revista Mexicana de AstronomĂa y AstrofĂsica, Serie de Conferencias
1104:
1074:
1017:
3352:
2806:
1939:
Fekel, Francis C (1987). "Multiple stars: Anathemas or friends?".
936:
is a triple star system with two K-type main sequence stars and a
480:
456:
all gravitationally bound might comprise a physical binary and an
5036:
4511:
4273:
4040:
3993:
3976:
3971:
3890:
1149:
1064:
1029:
922:
833:
692:, etc. may be assigned in order of separation from the component
233:
201:
129:
99:
3300:
2764:
1904:
Harrington, R.S. (1970). "Encounter Phenomena in Triple Stars".
5026:
5014:
4233:
4119:
3400:
816:
616:
413:
396:
orbits around the system's center of mass, unlike the unstable
371:
244:
multiple star Physical multiple stars are also commonly called
197:
140:
2104:
1115:
and eclipsing quadruple star consisting of three blue-white B-
1101:
is the first quadruple star system with an Earth-sized planet.
707:
2451:
2326:
1591:
Nature Publishing Group published the original print edition.
1131:
1127:
951:
911:
863:
607:. They are named after the multiple star system known as the
566:
which, upon closer inspection, can be seen to consist of two
429:
378:
Most multiple-star systems are organized in what is called a
319:, the ability to interpret these statistics is very limited.
229:
149:
60:
2209:
4375:
3594:
3383:
3003:
2505:
1013:
839:
724:
563:
405:
225:
125:
5076:
2518:(6). U. S. Naval Observatory, Washington D.C.: 3466–3471.
979:(α PsA, α Piscis Austrini) is a triple star system in the
766:
are extended with additional suffixed letters and numbers.
27:"Multiple star" redirects here. For apparent doubles, see
4741:
1080:
716:
Subsystem notation in Tokovinin's Multiple Star Catalogue
3563:
3169:
1976:
Publications of the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade
1629:
Evans, David S. (1968). "Stars of Higher Multiplicity".
914:
of the binary can make the components be as close as 11
902:. Together, Rigil Kentaurus and Toliman form a physical
75:
resolution in 2009. The shape of Algol C is an artifact.
3301:
General news on triple star systems, TSN, 2008 April 22
3228:
1740:
1585:(online ed.). Institute of Physics. Archived from
990:, but much more massive. It also contains a gas giant,
3037:
Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System
1741:
Kiseleva, G.; Eggleton, P. P.; Anosova, J. P. (1994).
1586:
1552:
Tokovinin, A. (2004). "Statistics of multiple stars".
672:, etc., to the system's designation. Suffixes such as
537:. Evans calls the number of levels in the diagram its
436:
of the system. Usually, two of the stars form a close
208:, the last of which probably consists of a star and a
5092:
2546:
1491:
2080:. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht. pp.
1973:
1879:. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht. pp.
1863:; see §7–8 for a discussion of the quintuple system.
1716:. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht. pp.
148:, which include planets and similar bodies (such as
2641:
2269:. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company. p.
2144:. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht. p.
1788:. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht. p.
1631:
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
1315:
Modern Dictionary of Astronomy and Space Technology
533:, meaning that at each level there are exactly two
176:effects, no perturbation from other forces, and no
2168:
946:is a triple star system located approximately 149
639:at above 200 km·s and has been traced to the
2600:Does triple star orbit directly affect orbit time
2456:. United States Naval Observatory. Archived from
2331:. United States Naval Observatory. Archived from
2133:
2131:
2069:
2067:
1819:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1747:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
5164:
3116:
1204:system, the system can be considered a sextuple.
650:
555:A real example of a system with hierarchy 3 is
2950:
2128:
2064:
1497:
1378:"MSC - a catalogue of physical multiple stars"
357:behavior. They can have 2, 3, or 4 stars.
3579:
3368:
2758:
2738:"KOI 2626: A Quadruple System with a Planet?"
2703:
1337:
842:, a variable consisting of a red giant and a
676:may be used to denote the pair consisting of
655:
311:with 8 stars. These systems are smaller than
3056:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2424:
2397:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1382:Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series
3176:The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
2871:
2711:"PH1 : A planet in a four-star system"
2700:, Leos Ondra, accessed on line 26 May 2007.
1504:. Princeton University Press. p. 247.
1317:. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications.
1312:
1055:discovered when it was observed in 1650 by
1000:is a unique triple system, consisting of a
878:is a triple star composed of a main binary
708:Nomenclature in the Multiple Star Catalogue
236:bound to each other, in which case it is a
16:Small number of stars that orbit each other
4696:
3586:
3572:
3375:
3361:
2452:William I. Hartkopf & Brian D. Mason.
2327:William I. Hartkopf & Brian D. Mason.
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2297:Format, The Washington Double Star Catalog
2203:
2043:
1903:
1582:Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics
1344:. Cambridge University Press. p. 16.
1020:is a quadruple star system located in the
961:. The system is composed of HD 188753A, a
3243:
3205:
3187:
3130:
2964:
2885:
2805:
2560:
2531:
2223:
2194:
1848:
1830:
1766:
1615:
1551:
1524:
1401:
1375:
1059:but it was probably observed earlier, by
327:
155:A star system of two stars is known as a
3322:is located at the U.S. Naval Observatory
2454:"Sample Washington Multiplicity Catalog"
2256:
1691:Dynamics of multiple stars: observations
1666:Publishing Company, Dordrecht. pp.
1012:
802:
774:During the 24th General Assembly of the
725:Future multiple star system nomenclature
711:
479:
475:
365:
215:
3331:
2997:
2767:Central European Astrophysical Bulletin
2499:
2313:
2000:
1649:
1578:
1498:Binney, James; Tremaine, Scott (1987).
1289:course of a year, and observe distinct
578:form what appears to be a close visual
506:simplex, quintuple system, hierarchy 4.
361:
5165:
3163:
2944:
2478:
2400:"On the designation of multiple stars"
2292:
2290:
2262:
2162:
2137:
2073:
1872:
1781:
1709:
1655:
1424:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
525:if there is a node with more than two
503:simplex, quadruple system, hierarchy 3
500:simplex, quadruple system, hierarchy 2
419:
3567:
3356:
2684:
1938:
1812:
1628:
1051:is often said to have been the first
105:Artist's impression of the orbits of
1107:(Îľ Tau, Îľ Tauri), located about 222
3382:
3348:Alpha Centauri, APOD, 2002 April 25
3296:Alpha Centauri, APOD, 2002 April 25
2287:
1518:
1358:
552:binary being an even closer binary.
497:simplex, triple system, hierarchy 2
13:
3436:List of most massive star clusters
2735:
2310:. Accessed on line 20 August 2008.
1813:Mazeh, Tzevi; et al. (2001).
14:
5184:
3279:
2379:. United States Naval Observatory
2357:. United States Naval Observatory
2355:"Urban/Corbin Designation Method"
2169:Blaauw, A.; Morgan, W.W. (1954).
1409: online versions at
400:systems or the even more complex
196:. Examples of binary systems are
5150:
5138:
5126:
5114:
5102:
5075:
5065:
5064:
3548:
3547:
2648:. Creative Media Partners, LLC.
1850:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04419.x
776:International Astronomical Union
128:that orbit each other, bound by
98:
82:
52:
3222:
3110:
3087:
3064:
3024:
2918:
2865:
2838:
2785:
2729:
2662:
2635:
2612:
2593:
2540:
2472:
2445:
2418:
2391:
2377:"Sequential Designation Method"
2369:
2347:
2308:United States Naval Observatory
2098:
2037:
1994:
1967:
1932:
1897:
1866:
1806:
1775:
1734:
1703:
1684:
1594:
1572:
255:Most multiple star systems are
3326:Naming New Extrasolar Planets
3030:
2425:A. Tokovinin (17 April 2000).
2398:A. Tokovinin (18 April 2000).
1545:
1466:
1437:
1331:
1306:
1278:
764:Washington Double Star Catalog
464:) or, in rare cases, a purely
428:triple star system, each star
279:if they contain 4 stars;
271:if they contain 3 stars;
1:
4977:Timeline of stellar astronomy
3441:List of largest star clusters
2926:"Multiple Star Catalog (MSC)"
2847:American Astronomical Society
2602:, Jeremy Hien, Jon Shewarts,
1527:The Formation of Binary Stars
1300:
651:Designations and nomenclature
452:stars. Triple stars that are
397:
344:
3232:Astronomy & Astrophysics
3119:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2874:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2642:Robert Grant Aitken (2019).
1961:10.1016/0083-6656(87)90021-3
1341:Understanding Variable Stars
1271:
1138:
1008:
836:, which is similar to Sirius
754:Dewey Decimal Classification
733:for visual binary stars and
647:some two million years ago.
188:of the system indefinitely.
7:
4637:Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
3448:Hypercompact stellar system
3416:Hypercompact stellar system
3262:10.1051/0004-6361/202142108
3149:10.1051/0004-6361/202243723
2904:10.1051/0004-6361/201525973
2824:10.1051/0004-6361/201016396
2579:10.1051/0004-6361/201629930
1474:"Binary and multiple stars"
1445:"Double and multiple stars"
1254:
1208:
1170:
1087:(discovered in 2012 by the
910:. The moderately eccentric
793:
597:
582:; because Gliese 644B is a
576:Gliese 644A and Gliese 644B
10:
5189:
4551:Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
2983:10.1051/0004-6361:20030286
2953:Astronomy and Astrophysics
2794:Astronomy and Astrophysics
2549:Astronomy and Astrophysics
2046:Rev. Mex. Astron. AstrofĂs
1413:"online version at VizieR"
1242:
1230:
1200:is considered part of the
1165:1SWASP J093010.78+533859.5
1057:Giovanni Battista Riccioli
735:variable star designations
684:. The sequence of letters
656:Multiple star designations
18:
5060:
4985:
4834:
4732:
4660:
4559:
4416:
4291:
4169:
4078:
3814:
3805:
3684:
3614:
3601:
3593:
3543:
3507:
3471:
3393:
1696:19 September 2006 at the
1313:A.S. Bhatia, ed. (2005).
869:
798:
4930:With multiple exoplanets
3318:15 December 2008 at the
3207:10.3847/1538-4365/ac23cb
2669:Vol. 1, part 1, p. 422,
2512:The Astronomical Journal
1376:Tokovinin, A.A. (1997).
224:consists of two or more
130:gravitational attraction
34:Not to be confused with
22:Star system (filmmaking)
3716:Asymptotic giant branch
3313:The Double Star Library
3254:2022A&A...666A..23M
3141:2022A&A...664A..96Z
2975:2003A&A...402..719S
2896:2015A&A...578A.103L
2816:2011A&A...533A..54S
2609:, No. 6 (November 2011)
2571:2017A&A...598L...7K
1768:10.1093/mnras/267.1.161
1602:"Smoke ring for a halo"
1427:"Multiple star catalog"
1394:1997A&AS..124...75T
731:discoverer designations
404:of the large number of
109:, a triple star system.
61:Algol three-star system
5052:Tidal disruption event
4541:Circumstellar envelope
3775:Luminous blue variable
2677:10 August 2011 at the
2263:Heintz, W. D. (1978).
2138:Heintz, W. D. (1978).
2074:Heintz, W. D. (1978).
1873:Heintz, W. D. (1978).
1782:Heintz, W. D. (1978).
1710:Heintz, W. D. (1978).
1656:Heintz, W. D. (1978).
1338:John R. Percy (2007).
1083:system has the planet
1025:
928:Hubble Space Telescope
812:
809:Hubble Space Telescope
717:
510:
494:simplex, binary system
375:
4577:Effective temperature
3553:Category:Star systems
3426:Dark globular cluster
3105:Multiple Star Catalog
3099:10 April 2020 at the
3082:Multiple Star Catalog
3076:10 April 2020 at the
2630:Multiple Star Catalog
2302:12 April 2008 at the
2212:Astrophysical Journal
2175:Astrophysical Journal
1453:European Space Agency
1422: and at
1091:group, a part of the
1036:orbited by a pair of
1016:
806:
715:
483:
476:Higher multiplicities
468:triple star (such as
369:
250:multiple star systems
216:Multiple star systems
124:is a small number of
5047:Planet-hosting stars
4925:With resolved images
4896:Historical brightest
4826:Photometric-standard
4752:Solar radio emission
4546:Eddington luminosity
4326:Triple-alpha process
4264:Thorne–Żytkow object
3639:Young stellar object
3332:Individual specimens
3306:3 April 2019 at the
2696:7 March 2008 at the
2624:15 June 2011 at the
2433:on 22 September 2007
2406:on 22 September 2007
1906:Astronomical Journal
969:; and HD 188753C, a
851:, a Cepheid variable
611:in the heart of the
584:spectroscopic binary
568:spectroscopic binary
420:Triple star systems
362:Hierarchical systems
222:multiple star system
69:CHARA interferometer
4871:Highest temperature
4642:Color–color diagram
4507:Protoplanetary disk
4311:Proton–proton chain
3989:Chemically peculiar
3484:Stellar association
3198:2021ApJS..257...69H
3018:1998AstL...24..795T
2859:2013AAS...22114212G
2779:2013CEAB...37..207N
2691:A New View of Mizar
2524:2001AJ....122.3466M
2493:2004Obs...124...94A
2234:2000ApJ...544L.133H
2187:1954ApJ...119..625B
2122:2006RMxAC..25...13A
2058:1977RMxAA...3..209H
2015:2004ARep...48...45R
1988:2006POBeo..80..155Z
1953:1987VA.....30...69F
1941:Vistas in Astronomy
1918:1970AJ.....75.1140H
1841:2001MNRAS.325..343M
1759:1994MNRAS.267..161K
1643:1968QJRAS...9..388E
1566:2004RMxAC..21....7T
1539:2001IAUS..200...84T
1403:10.1051/aas:1997181
1120:main-sequence stars
894:), and an outlying
605:high-velocity stars
460:companion (such as
380:hierarchical system
303:with 7 stars;
295:with 6 stars;
287:with 5 stars;
4876:Lowest temperature
4627:Photometric system
4597:Absolute magnitude
4531:Circumstellar dust
4144:Stellar black hole
3780:Stellar population
3666:Herbig–Haro object
3499:Hypervelocity star
2745:nexsci.caltech.edu
1425:A. Tokovin (ed.).
1061:Benedetto Castelli
1026:
827:type A star and a
813:
718:
511:
376:
370:Star system named
313:open star clusters
172:. If there are no
163:binary star system
5090:
5089:
4993:Substellar object
4972:Planetary nebulae
4391:Luminous red nova
4301:Deuterium burning
4287:
4286:
3770:Instability strip
3750:Wolf-Rayet nebula
3704:Horizontal branch
3649:Pre-main-sequence
3561:
3560:
3006:Astronomy Letters
2717:. 15 October 2012
2655:978-0-530-46473-2
2604:Astronomical News
2023:10.1134/1.1641122
2003:Astronomy Reports
1501:Galactic Dynamics
1419:on 11 March 2007.
1351:978-1-139-46328-7
1237:Gamma Cassiopeiae
965:; HD 188753B, an
741:can be another's
641:Trapezium cluster
609:Trapezium Cluster
317:selection effects
228:that appear from
146:planetary systems
5180:
5155:
5154:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5098:
5082:Stars portal
5080:
5079:
5068:
5067:
4724:Planetary system
4647:Strömgren sphere
4519:Asteroseismology
4240:Black hole star
3812:
3811:
3738:Planetary nebula
3699:Red-giant branch
3588:
3581:
3574:
3565:
3564:
3551:
3550:
3463:Planetary system
3421:Globular cluster
3377:
3370:
3363:
3354:
3353:
3274:
3273:
3247:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3209:
3191:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3134:
3114:
3108:
3091:
3085:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3055:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2968:
2966:astro-ph/0302570
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2928:. Archived from
2922:
2916:
2915:
2889:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2809:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2742:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2707:
2701:
2688:
2682:
2671:Almagestum Novum
2666:
2660:
2659:
2645:The Binary Stars
2639:
2633:
2616:
2610:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2564:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2429:. Archived from
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2402:. Archived from
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2324:
2311:
2294:
2285:
2284:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2227:
2225:astro-ph/0007436
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2135:
2126:
2125:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2041:
2035:
2034:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1852:
1834:
1832:astro-ph/0102451
1810:
1804:
1803:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1707:
1701:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1626:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1598:
1592:
1590:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1478:messier.seds.org
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1420:
1415:. Archived from
1407:
1405:
1373:
1356:
1355:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1310:
1294:
1286:optical multiple
1282:
1122:, along with an
984:Piscis Austrinus
900:Proxima Centauri
823:consisting of a
704:, and so forth.
389:two-body problem
333:Two-body problem
192:Two-body problem
182:elliptical orbit
178:transfer of mass
102:
86:
56:
43:
40:Planetary system
32:
25:
5188:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5149:
5139:
5137:
5127:
5125:
5115:
5113:
5103:
5101:
5093:
5091:
5086:
5074:
5056:
4981:
4950:Milky Way novae
4886:Smallest volume
4830:
4811:Radial velocity
4734:
4728:
4680:Common envelope
4656:
4555:
4524:Helioseismology
4495:Bipolar outflow
4436:Microturbulence
4431:Convection zone
4412:
4306:Lithium burning
4293:Nucleosynthesis
4283:
4165:
4074:
3801:
3680:
3629:Molecular cloud
3610:
3597:
3592:
3562:
3557:
3539:
3508:Visual grouping
3503:
3467:
3389:
3381:
3334:
3320:Wayback Machine
3308:Wayback Machine
3282:
3277:
3227:
3223:
3168:
3164:
3115:
3111:
3103:, entry in the
3101:Wayback Machine
3092:
3088:
3080:, entry in the
3078:Wayback Machine
3069:
3065:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3039:
3029:
3025:
3002:
2998:
2949:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2932:on 3 March 2016
2924:
2923:
2919:
2870:
2866:
2843:
2839:
2790:
2786:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2740:
2736:Ciardi, David.
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2698:Wayback Machine
2689:
2685:
2679:Wayback Machine
2667:
2663:
2656:
2640:
2636:
2628:, entry in the
2626:Wayback Machine
2617:
2613:
2598:
2594:
2545:
2541:
2504:
2500:
2481:The Observatory
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2460:on 21 July 2009
2450:
2446:
2436:
2434:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2325:
2314:
2304:Wayback Machine
2295:
2288:
2281:
2261:
2257:
2208:
2204:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2136:
2129:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2072:
2065:
2042:
2038:
1999:
1995:
1972:
1968:
1937:
1933:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1871:
1867:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1780:
1776:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1708:
1704:
1698:Wayback Machine
1689:
1685:
1678:
1654:
1650:
1627:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1589:on 9 July 2012.
1577:
1573:
1550:
1546:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1423:
1421:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1374:
1359:
1352:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1257:
1245:
1233:
1211:
1173:
1141:
1130:are in a close
1011:
888:Rigil Kentaurus
872:
857:, an eclipsing
801:
796:
781:right ascension
727:
710:
658:
653:
600:
519:Mobile diagrams
515:mobile diagrams
509:
485:Mobile diagrams
478:
470:Gamma Serpentis
422:
364:
234:gravitationally
218:
114:
113:
112:
111:
110:
103:
95:
94:
87:
78:
77:
76:
57:
44:
36:Exosolar system
33:
26:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5186:
5176:
5175:
5160:
5159:
5147:
5135:
5123:
5111:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5072:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5005:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4881:Largest volume
4878:
4873:
4868:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4840:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4738:
4736:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4699:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4666:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4592:Magnetic field
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4502:Accretion disk
4499:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4478:Alfvén surface
4475:
4473:Stellar corona
4470:
4465:
4460:
4450:
4448:Radiation zone
4445:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4428:
4422:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4246:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4186:
4181:
4175:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4146:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4117:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4070:Blue straggler
4067:
4066:
4065:
4055:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3986:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3828:Main sequence
3826:
3821:
3815:
3809:
3807:Classification
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3743:Protoplanetary
3735:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3591:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3568:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3479:Stellar stream
3475:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3310:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3281:
3280:External links
3278:
3276:
3275:
3221:
3162:
3109:
3094:AR Cassiopeiae
3086:
3063:
3023:
2996:
2959:(2): 719–728.
2943:
2917:
2864:
2837:
2784:
2773:(1): 207–216.
2757:
2728:
2715:Planet Hunters
2702:
2683:
2661:
2654:
2634:
2611:
2592:
2539:
2533:10.1086/323920
2498:
2471:
2444:
2417:
2390:
2368:
2346:
2335:on 17 May 2011
2312:
2286:
2279:
2255:
2242:10.1086/317315
2218:(2): 133–136.
2202:
2196:10.1086/145866
2161:
2154:
2127:
2097:
2090:
2063:
2036:
2009:(1): 155–160.
1993:
1966:
1931:
1926:10.1086/111067
1896:
1889:
1865:
1825:(1): 343–357.
1805:
1798:
1774:
1733:
1726:
1702:
1683:
1676:
1648:
1614:
1593:
1571:
1544:
1517:
1510:
1490:
1465:
1436:
1357:
1350:
1330:
1323:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1220:AR Cassiopeiae
1217:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1102:
1096:
1089:Planet Hunters
1077:
1072:
1046:
1041:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
995:
974:
941:
931:
920:
876:Alpha Centauri
871:
868:
867:
866:
861:
852:
846:
837:
831:
800:
797:
795:
792:
768:
767:
760:
757:
750:
726:
723:
709:
706:
657:
654:
652:
649:
599:
596:
588:
587:
572:
553:
549:
546:
508:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
488:
477:
474:
434:center of mass
421:
418:
384:center of mass
363:
360:
359:
358:
350:n-body problem
337:
336:
246:multiple stars
217:
214:
122:stellar system
104:
97:
96:
88:
81:
80:
79:
63:imaged in the
58:
51:
50:
49:
48:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5185:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5146:
5136:
5134:
5124:
5122:
5112:
5110:
5100:
5099:
5096:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5071:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5042:Intergalactic
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5022:Galactic year
5020:
5016:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4919:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4901:Most luminous
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4859:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4816:Proper motion
4814:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4779:Constellation
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4747:Solar eclipse
4745:
4744:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4733:Earth-centric
4731:
4725:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4331:Alpha process
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4104:
4103:Helium planet
4101:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4093:Parker's star
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4024:Lambda Boötis
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3790:Superluminous
3788:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:Main sequence
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3671:Hayashi track
3669:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3589:
3584:
3582:
3577:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3554:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3536:
3535:Constellation
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3520:Multiple star
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3378:
3373:
3371:
3366:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3225:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3090:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3067:
3059:
3053:
3038:
3034:
3027:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2657:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2638:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2432:
2428:
2421:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2378:
2372:
2356:
2350:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2293:
2291:
2282:
2280:90-277-0885-1
2276:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2259:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2157:
2155:90-277-0885-1
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2134:
2132:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2093:
2091:90-277-0885-1
2087:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2070:
2068:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1927:
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1234:
1226:
1225:V871 Centauri
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1192:TYC 7037-89-1
1190:
1188:
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1142:
1133:
1129:
1126:. Two of the
1125:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1113:spectroscopic
1110:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
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1086:
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981:constellation
978:
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956:constellation
953:
949:
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908:binary system
905:
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826:
825:main-sequence
822:
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815:
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805:
791:
789:
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648:
646:
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638:
634:
630:
626:
625:runaway stars
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
595:
593:
592:perturbations
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
562:
561:visual binary
558:
554:
550:
547:
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439:
438:binary system
435:
431:
427:
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411:
410:star clusters
407:
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395:
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368:
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353:, exhibiting
352:
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108:
101:
92:
85:
74:
70:
66:
65:near-infrared
62:
55:
46:
41:
37:
30:
23:
5173:Star systems
5145:Solar System
4945:White dwarfs
4935:Brown dwarfs
4918:Most distant
4866:Most massive
4844:Proper names
4804:Photographic
4757:Solar System
4735:observations
4662:Star systems
4661:
4485:Stellar wind
4468:Chromosphere
4441:Oscillations
4321:Helium flash
4171:Hypothetical
4149:X-ray binary
4088:Compact star
3923:Bright giant
3676:Henyey track
3654:Herbig Ae/Be
3494:Runaway star
3489:Moving group
3452:
3431:Open cluster
3411:Star cluster
3406:Dwarf galaxy
3386:
3235:
3231:
3224:
3179:
3175:
3165:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3089:
3066:
3040:. Retrieved
3036:
3026:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2934:. Retrieved
2930:the original
2920:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2748:. Retrieved
2744:
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2714:
2705:
2686:
2670:
2664:
2644:
2637:
2614:
2606:
2603:
2595:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2515:
2511:
2501:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2464:12 September
2462:. Retrieved
2458:the original
2447:
2437:12 September
2435:. Retrieved
2431:the original
2420:
2410:12 September
2408:. Retrieved
2404:the original
2393:
2383:12 September
2381:. Retrieved
2371:
2361:12 September
2359:. Retrieved
2349:
2339:12 September
2337:. Retrieved
2333:the original
2266:Double Stars
2265:
2258:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2141:Double Stars
2140:
2113:
2109:
2100:
2077:Double Stars
2076:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1947:(1): 69–76.
1944:
1940:
1934:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1876:Double Stars
1875:
1868:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1785:Double Stars
1784:
1777:
1750:
1746:
1736:
1713:Double Stars
1712:
1705:
1686:
1659:Double Stars
1658:
1651:
1634:
1630:
1605:. Retrieved
1596:
1587:the original
1581:
1574:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1500:
1493:
1481:. Retrieved
1477:
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1448:
1439:
1430:
1417:the original
1385:
1381:
1340:
1333:
1314:
1308:
1285:
1280:
1266:Solar System
1177:Beta Tucanae
1069:spectroscopy
1032:, a pair of
1024:association.
988:Solar System
967:orange dwarf
963:yellow dwarf
884:Orange dwarf
880:Yellow dwarf
849:Delta Cephei
788:double stars
785:
773:
769:
742:
738:
728:
719:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
659:
645:Orion Nebula
620:
613:Orion Nebula
601:
589:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
512:
484:
465:
457:
453:
442:hierarchical
441:
425:
423:
387:
379:
377:
348:
338:
331:
328:hierarchical
321:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:triple stars
256:
254:
249:
245:
241:
237:
221:
219:
189:
166:
162:
156:
154:
139:
135:star cluster
133:
121:
117:
115:
45:
5133:Outer space
5121:Spaceflight
4998:Brown dwarf
4774:Circumpolar
4652:Kraft break
4632:Color index
4607:Metallicity
4567:Designation
4536:Cosmic dust
4458:Photosphere
4224:Dark-energy
4199:Electroweak
4184:Black dwarf
4115:Radio-quiet
4098:White dwarf
3984:White dwarf
3634:Bok globule
3515:Double star
3458:Binary star
3453:Star system
2936:23 December
1982:: 155–160.
1912:: 114–118.
1637:: 388–400.
1160:KIC 4150611
1124:F-type star
1111:away, is a
1109:light years
1053:binary star
1034:giant stars
992:Fomalhaut b
948:light-years
904:binary star
844:white dwarf
829:white dwarf
633:Mu Columbae
580:binary star
462:Beta Cephei
184:around the
169:double star
158:binary star
118:star system
29:double star
4960:Candidates
4955:Supernovae
4940:Red dwarfs
4799:Extinction
4587:Kinematics
4582:Luminosity
4560:Properties
4453:Atmosphere
4351:Si burning
4341:Ne burning
4279:White hole
4252:Quasi-star
4179:Blue dwarf
4034:Technetium
3950:Hypergiant
3928:Supergiant
3525:Star cloud
3245:2204.07045
3189:2109.06839
3132:2205.03934
3071:Nu Scorpii
3012:(6): 795.
2887:1504.07065
2853:: 142.12.
2750:13 January
2721:13 January
2619:4 Centauri
2562:1611.03495
1607:26 October
1458:31 October
1301:References
1291:parallaxes
1249:QZ Carinae
1093:Zooniverse
1044:4 Centauri
1038:red dwarfs
950:away from
934:Gliese 667
637:53 Arietis
629:AE Aurigae
446:EZ Aquarii
285:quintenary
277:quaternary
210:black hole
206:Cygnus X-1
186:barycenter
5109:Astronomy
4891:Brightest
4789:Magnitude
4769:Pole star
4690:Symbiotic
4685:Eclipsing
4617:Starlight
4418:Structure
4408:Supernova
4401:Micronova
4396:Recurrent
4381:Symbiotic
4366:p-process
4361:r-process
4356:s-process
4346:O burning
4336:C burning
4316:CNO cycle
4259:Gravastar
3795:Hypernova
3785:Supernova
3760:Dredge-up
3733:Blue loop
3726:super-AGB
3709:Red clump
3686:Evolution
3644:Protostar
3624:Accretion
3616:Formation
3270:248177961
3216:237503492
3182:(2): 69.
3157:248571745
2807:1108.1557
2106:Allen, C.
2031:119705425
1664:D. Reidel
1449:Hipparcos
1284:The term
1272:Footnotes
1261:Exoplanet
1187:HD 139691
1155:HD 155448
1139:Quintuple
1067:. Later,
1022:TW Hydrae
1009:Quadruple
1002:red giant
998:HD 181068
977:Fomalhaut
971:red dwarf
944:HD 188753
938:red dwarf
896:red dwarf
621:interplay
539:hierarchy
523:multiplex
491:multiplex
450:red dwarf
394:Keplerian
301:septenary
293:sextenary
281:quintuple
273:quadruple
167:physical
107:HD 188753
71:with 0.5
5167:Category
5070:Category
4965:Remnants
4861:Extremes
4821:Parallax
4794:Apparent
4784:Asterism
4762:Sunlight
4712:Globular
4697:Multiple
4622:Variable
4612:Rotation
4572:Dynamics
4463:Starspot
4137:Magnetar
4080:Remnants
3896:Subgiant
3869:Subdwarf
3721:post-AGB
3530:Asterism
3316:Archived
3304:Archived
3097:Archived
3074:Archived
3052:cite web
2991:15268418
2912:44548756
2880:: A103.
2832:56143776
2694:Archived
2675:Archived
2622:Archived
2587:50867264
2300:Archived
1859:16472347
1694:Archived
1255:See also
1209:Septuple
1171:Sextuple
1105:Xi Tauri
1099:KOI-2626
1075:HD 98800
1018:HD 98800
930:in 2006.
794:Examples
598:Trapezia
535:children
527:children
426:physical
414:galaxies
402:dynamics
398:trapezia
345:trapezia
343:(2) the
309:octenary
297:septuple
289:sextuple
238:physical
5157:Science
5095:Portals
5037:Gravity
4986:Related
4906:Nearest
4854:Chinese
4702:Cluster
4675:Contact
4512:Proplyd
4386:Remnant
4274:Blitzar
4248:Hawking
4204:Strange
4154:Burster
4110:Neutron
4063:Extreme
4014:He-weak
3659:T Tauri
3472:Unbound
3387:systems
3384:Stellar
3250:Bibcode
3238:: A23.
3194:Bibcode
3137:Bibcode
3125:: A96.
3042:29 June
3014:Bibcode
2971:Bibcode
2892:Bibcode
2855:Bibcode
2812:Bibcode
2800:: A54.
2775:Bibcode
2567:Bibcode
2520:Bibcode
2489:Bibcode
2250:6725343
2230:Bibcode
2183:Bibcode
2181:: 625.
2118:Bibcode
2054:Bibcode
2052:: 209.
2011:Bibcode
1984:Bibcode
1949:Bibcode
1914:Bibcode
1837:Bibcode
1755:Bibcode
1753:: 161.
1639:Bibcode
1562:Bibcode
1535:Bibcode
1390:Bibcode
1243:Nonuple
1231:Octuple
1150:Mintaka
1065:Galileo
1030:Capella
954:in the
923:Polaris
892:Toliman
834:Procyon
756:system;
643:in the
617:nebulae
531:simplex
466:optical
458:optical
355:chaotic
305:octuple
269:trinary
265:ternary
242:optical
202:Procyon
67:by the
5027:Galaxy
5015:Planet
5003:Desert
4911:bright
4849:Arabic
4670:Binary
4490:Bubble
4214:Planck
4189:Exotic
4125:Binary
4120:Pulsar
4058:Helium
4019:Barium
3962:Carbon
3955:Yellow
3943:Yellow
3916:Yellow
3755:PG1159
3401:Galaxy
3268:
3214:
3155:
2989:
2910:
2830:
2652:
2585:
2555:: L7.
2487:: 94.
2277:
2248:
2152:
2116:: 13.
2088:
2029:
1887:
1857:
1796:
1724:
1674:
1533:: 84.
1508:
1483:26 May
1388:: 75.
1348:
1321:
1215:Jabbah
1182:Castor
959:Cygnus
919:years.
886:pair (
882:and a
870:Triple
859:binary
855:Almaaz
821:binary
817:Sirius
799:Binary
557:Castor
430:orbits
372:DI Cha
261:triple
198:Sirius
150:comets
141:galaxy
91:H-band
5032:Guest
4836:Lists
4717:Super
4371:Fusor
4244:Black
4229:Quark
4209:Preon
4194:Boson
4130:X-ray
4046:Shell
3999:Ap/Bp
3901:Giant
3819:Early
3765:OH/IR
3595:Stars
3394:Bound
3266:S2CID
3240:arXiv
3212:S2CID
3184:arXiv
3153:S2CID
3127:arXiv
2987:S2CID
2961:arXiv
2908:S2CID
2882:arXiv
2828:S2CID
2802:arXiv
2741:(PDF)
2583:S2CID
2557:arXiv
2246:S2CID
2220:arXiv
2082:67–68
2027:S2CID
1881:65–66
1855:S2CID
1827:arXiv
1718:66–67
1560:: 7.
1202:Mizar
1198:Alcor
1145:Dabih
1132:orbit
1128:stars
1085:PH1 b
1049:Mizar
952:Earth
912:orbit
864:Spica
424:In a
406:stars
267:, or
230:Earth
226:stars
190:(See
174:tidal
126:stars
4707:Open
4602:Mass
4426:Core
4376:Nova
4269:Iron
4219:Dark
4029:Lead
4009:HgMn
4004:CEMP
3933:Blue
3906:Blue
3824:Late
3606:List
3058:link
3044:2022
2938:2012
2752:2024
2723:2024
2650:ISBN
2466:2008
2439:2008
2412:2008
2385:2008
2363:2008
2341:2008
2275:ISBN
2150:ISBN
2086:ISBN
1885:ISBN
1794:ISBN
1722:ISBN
1672:ISBN
1609:2015
1506:ISBN
1485:2007
1460:2007
1346:ISBN
1319:ISBN
1117:type
1079:The
1063:and
890:and
840:Mira
819:, a
680:and
635:and
564:star
432:the
412:and
326:(1)
204:and
59:The
5008:Sub
4742:Sun
4161:SGR
3938:Red
3911:Red
3258:doi
3236:666
3202:doi
3180:257
3145:doi
3123:664
2979:doi
2957:402
2900:doi
2878:578
2851:221
2820:doi
2798:533
2607:132
2575:doi
2553:598
2528:doi
2516:122
2485:124
2238:doi
2216:544
2191:doi
2179:119
2019:doi
1957:doi
1922:doi
1845:doi
1823:325
1763:doi
1751:267
1531:200
1398:doi
1386:124
1196:If
1081:PH1
472:).
454:not
408:in
339:or
307:or
299:or
291:or
283:or
275:or
248:or
165:or
152:).
138:or
120:or
73:mas
38:or
5169::
4041:Be
3994:Am
3977:CH
3972:CN
3891:OB
3886:WR
3264:.
3256:.
3248:.
3234:.
3210:.
3200:.
3192:.
3178:.
3174:.
3151:.
3143:.
3135:.
3121:.
3054:}}
3050:{{
3035:.
3010:24
3008:.
2985:.
2977:.
2969:.
2955:.
2906:.
2898:.
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2876:.
2849:.
2826:.
2818:.
2810:.
2796:.
2771:37
2769:.
2743:.
2713:.
2581:.
2573:.
2565:.
2551:.
2526:.
2514:.
2510:.
2483:.
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2289:^
2273:.
2271:19
2244:.
2236:.
2228:.
2214:.
2189:.
2177:.
2173:.
2148:.
2146:68
2130:^
2114:25
2112:.
2084:.
2066:^
2048:.
2025:.
2017:.
2007:48
2005:.
1980:80
1978:.
1955:.
1945:30
1943:.
1920:.
1910:75
1908:.
1883:.
1853:.
1843:.
1835:.
1821:.
1817:.
1792:.
1790:72
1761:.
1749:.
1745:.
1720:.
1670:.
1662:.
1633:.
1617:^
1558:21
1556:.
1529:.
1476:.
1451:.
1447:.
1429:.
1396:.
1384:.
1380:.
1360:^
916:AU
898:,
702:Ba
700:,
698:Aa
688:,
674:AB
668:,
664:,
631:,
571:3.
541:.
487::
416:.
263:,
252:.
220:A
212:.
200:,
161:,
116:A
5097::
4234:Q
4053:B
3967:S
3879:B
3874:O
3862:M
3857:K
3852:G
3847:F
3842:A
3837:B
3832:O
3587:e
3580:t
3573:v
3376:e
3369:t
3362:v
3272:.
3260::
3252::
3242::
3218:.
3204::
3196::
3186::
3159:.
3147::
3139::
3129::
3107:.
3084:.
3060:)
3046:.
3020:.
3016::
2993:.
2981::
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