33:
749:
1099:
953:
system calls are executed, or before the file's in-memory inode is evicted from the filesystem cache. Additionally, it is possible to configure for how long atime modifications can remain unflushed. That way, lazytime retains POSIX compatibility while offering performance improvements.
853:("relative atime", introduced in 2.6.20 and the default as of 2.6.30) – only update atime under certain circumstances: if the previous atime is older than the mtime or ctime, or the previous atime is over 24 hours in the past
949:. It allows POSIX-style atime updates to be performed in-memory and flushed to disk together with some non-time-related I/O operations on the same file; atime updates are also flushed to disk when some of the
966:
originally meant creation time; however, while early Unix did have modification and creation times, the latter was changed to be access time before there was any C structure in which to call anything
1077:
In Linux kernels 2.5.48 and above, the stat structure supports nanosecond resolution for the three file timestamp fields. These are exposed as additional fields in the stat structure.
796:
which has been criticized as it is inconsistent with a read only file system. File system cache may significantly reduce this activity to one disk write per cache flush.
817:
mount option offers sufficient performance for most purposes and should not break any significant applications, as it has been extensively discussed. Initially,
821:
only updated atime if atime < mtime or atime < ctime; that was subsequently modified to update atimes that were 24 hours old or older, so that
2280:
Upon successful completion, where nbyte is greater than 0, write() shall mark for update the last data modification and last file status change timestamps
1012:
is affected by renaming a file, despite filenames not being stored in inodes: Both original Unix, which implemented a renaming by making a link (updating
1084:
is 10 milliseconds, while resolution of its write time is two seconds, and access time has a resolution of one day thus it acts as the access date.
565:, since this structure provides a higher resolution time unit. For the sake of compatibility, implementations can define the old names in terms of the
236:
structure, which represents file sizes with a 64-bit type, allowing the functions to work on files 2 GiB and larger (up to 8 EiB). When the
1074:
Some filesystems provide finer granularity. Solaris 2.1 introduced a microsecond resolution with UFS in 1992 and a nanosecond resolution with ZFS.
2439:
920:
759:
174:
buffer argument, which is used to return the file attributes. On success, the functions return zero, and on error, −1 is returned and
2158:
2395:
986:, and has always referred to inode change time. It is updated any time file metadata stored in the inode changes, such as
2368:
2330:
1139:
2209:
2173:"the shell's $ MAIL monitor ... depends on atime, pronouncing new email with atime($ MAIL) < mtime($ MAIL)"
769:
2092:
2360:
17:
2275:
888:
2340:
847:
as of 2.6.30) – always update atime, which conforms to the behavior defined by POSIX
2429:
1117:
1121:
728:
617:
2315:
2170:
2444:
942:
828:
Current versions of the Linux kernel support four mount options, which can be specified in
704:
size for file system I/O, which can depend upon both the system and the type of file system
701:
806:
publicly criticized the concept and performance impact of atime in 2007, and in 2009, the
530:
members; these fields are defined as part of XSI option in the Single Unix
Specification.
8:
2392:
1109:
1003:
765:
859: – never update atime of directories, but do update atime of other files
2320:, mail archive of the libc-alpha@sources.redhat.com mailing list for the glibc project.
2210:"Linux kernel 4.0, Section 1.5. 'lazytime' option for better update of file timestamps"
813:
option had become the default, which addresses this criticism. The behavior behind the
373:
header file as follows, although implementations are free to define additional fields:
217:
907:, which causes the atime field never to be updated. Turning off atime updating breaks
123:
115:
2364:
127:
2292:
653:
621:
68:
2261:
2060:
A Research Unix reader: annotated excerpts from the
Programmer's Manual, 1971–1986
875: – update atime according to specific circumstances laid out below
2409:
2399:
1041:
732:
643:
630:
243:
is defined to 64, these 64-bit functions are available under the original names.
210:
143:
2434:
2058:
1081:
983:
533:
In older versions of POSIX.1 standard, the time-related fields were defined as
56:
2404:
2183:
2097:
The Open Group Base
Specifications Issue 6—IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition
803:
735:. There are many macros to work with the different mode flags and file types.
2423:
194:
32:
2054:
810:
799:
663:
950:
597:
213:
argument instead, and returns attributes of the file that it identifies.
119:
52:
2354:
2134:
982:
timestamp was added in the file system restructuring that occurred with
945:, which was released on April 12, 2015, introduced the new mount option
865: – never update atime of any file or directory; implies
549:. Since the 2008 version of the standard, these fields were renamed to
1049:
is used, or for any other change to the inode other than an update to
81:
uses this system call to retrieve information on files that includes:
995:
724:
673:
634:
155:
131:
2414:
2236:
2146:
2122:
2110:
190:
2346:
2240:
931:
919:" notifications, and some file usage watching utilities, notably
892:
240:
825:
and Debian's popularity counter (popcon) would behave properly.
1067:
896:
86:
710: – number of blocks allocated in multiples of
2171:
http://www.mail-archive.com/mutt-users@mutt.org/msg24912.html
991:
987:
916:
908:
884:
880:
829:
607:
201:
returns attributes of the eventual target of the link, while
175:
151:
60:
2075:
2073:
912:
72:
49:
2070:
77:
2353:
Stevens, W. Richard; Rago, Stephen A. (May 24, 2013).
588:structure includes at least the following members:
970:. The file systems retained just the access time (
904:
216:The family of functions was extended to implement
2341:IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004, documentation for fstat(2)
2421:
2234:
162:functions, as well as related functions called
2313:
1008:(file modification). In some implementations,
762:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies
694: – time of last status change
2356:Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment
1120:. There might be a discussion about this on
1016:) and then unlinking the old name (updating
688: – time of last modification
2352:
2079:
911:compliance, and some applications, such as
869:; highest performance, but least compatible
205:returns attributes of the link itself. The
772:this issue before removing this message.
2149:, LWN, by Jonathan Corbet, March 31, 2009
2125:, LWN, by Jonathan Corbet, August 8, 2007
2066:(Technical report). CSTR. Bell Labs. 139.
1140:Learn how and when to remove this message
1035:cannot be set to an arbitrary value with
1020:again) and modern Linux tend to do this.
1002:(last status change) update with nonzero
662: – device identifier (if
2317:struct stat.h with nanosecond resolution
31:
2053:
14:
2422:
1071:provides times accurate to one second.
682: – time of last access
2235:Jonathan Corbet (November 19, 2014).
738:
2393:An example showing how to use stat()
2111:Linux: Replacing atime With relatime
1092:
1045:utility, for example. Instead, when
742:
170:. The functions take a pointer to a
118:. It is among the few original Unix
2314:Andreas Jaeger (December 2, 2002),
1060:
996:creation and deletion of hard links
766:create a more balanced presentation
137:
103:ctime: time of last status change (
24:
2262:"BSTJ version of C.ACM Unix paper"
1057:value is set to the current time.
1053:caused by accessing the file, the
96:mtime: time of last modification (
25:
2456:
2440:Unix file system-related software
2386:
2276:"pwrite, write - write on a file"
2184:"mount(2) - OpenBSD manual pages"
1080:The resolution of create time on
596: – identifier of
364:
1097:
978:) through 6th edition Unix. The
747:
158:operating systems, declares the
2324:
2307:
2285:
2268:
2254:
2228:
2202:
2176:
962:It is tempting to believe that
561:, respectively, of type struct
2164:
2152:
2147:That massive filesystem thread
2140:
2128:
2116:
2103:
2085:
2047:
727:. It combines the file access
616: – protection
246:The functions are defined as:
13:
1:
2293:"stat(2) - Linux manual page"
2041:
700: – preferred
369:This structure is defined in
843:, and formerly the default;
792:eventually requiring a disk
7:
2361:Addison-Wesley Professional
2113:, by Jeremy, August 7, 2007
788:Reading a file changes its
193:argument. If the file is a
10:
2461:
1088:
1304:"Usage: %s: file ...
974:) and modification time (
714:(usually 512 bytes).
672: – total
518:POSIX.1 does not require
1151:
957:
934:behaves more like Linux
375:
248:
2349:. Retrieved 2012-06-07.
2343:. Retrieved 2012-06-07.
2099:. The Open Group. 2004.
2080:Stevens & Rago 2013
731:and also indicates any
232:return attributes in a
2347:stat(2) Linux man page
2237:"Introducing lazytime"
2137:, Linux Kernel Newbies
1868:/* you may use %lld */
1562:"getgrgid()"
1493:"getpwuid()"
998:. POSIX also mandates
178:is set appropriately.
40:
2398:May 11, 2017, at the
943:Linux kernel mainline
35:
2093:"<sys/stat.h>"
1110:confusing or unclear
879:Current versions of
63:. The semantics of
2135:Linux kernel 2.6.30
1175:<sys/types.h>
1118:clarify the section
941:Version 4.0 of the
652: –
642: –
629: –
606: –
545:, and were of type
2415:atime and relatime
2359:(Third ed.).
1424:"stat()"
1193:<sys/stat.h>
739:Criticism of atime
577:can be defined as
220:. Functions named
218:large file support
41:
2214:kernelnewbies.org
1150:
1149:
1142:
1039:, as used by the
786:
785:
764:. Please help to
756:This section may
733:special file type
238:_FILE_OFFSET_BITS
209:function takes a
189:functions take a
128:group permissions
71:. As an example,
69:operating systems
16:(Redirected from
2452:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2333:
2331:MSDN: File Times
2328:
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2190:. April 27, 2018
2180:
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2161:, Valerie Aurora
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1061:Time granularity
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988:file permissions
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903:mount option in
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622:Unix permissions
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138:stat() functions
122:to change, with
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89:of last access (
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46:
38:
27:Unix system call
21:
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2430:C POSIX library
2420:
2419:
2400:Wayback Machine
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1973:ctime: %s"
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600:containing file
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573:. For example,
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2405:stat() in Perl
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2388:
2387:External links
2385:
2383:
2382:
2370:978-0321637734
2369:
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2159:Relatime Recap
2151:
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2115:
2102:
2084:
2069:
2055:McIlroy, M. D.
2045:
2043:
2040:
1703:group: %u (%s)
1655:owner: %u (%s)
1169:<time.h>
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1103:
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1087:
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1082:FAT filesystem
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992:file ownership
984:Version 7 Unix
959:
956:
877:
876:
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768:. Discuss and
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365:stat structure
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116:Version 1 Unix
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2410:stat() in PHP
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2216:. May 1, 2015
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2109:Kernel Trap:
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2082:, p. 94.
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1187:<grp.h>
1181:<pwd.h>
1144:
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1123:
1122:the talk page
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1111:
1106:This section
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2445:System calls
2376:February 27,
2374:. Retrieved
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2299:February 27,
2297:. Retrieved
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2244:. Retrieved
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2192:. Retrieved
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1574:EXIT_FAILURE
1505:EXIT_FAILURE
1436:EXIT_FAILURE
1328:EXIT_FAILURE
1136:
1130:January 2023
1127:
1116:Please help
1107:
1022:
961:
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925:
878:
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800:Linux kernel
798:
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760:undue weight
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664:special file
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120:system calls
114:appeared in
110:
43:
42:
39:command line
29:
2188:openbsd.org
845:strictatime
837:strictatime
804:Ingo Molnár
723:field is a
620:; see also
586:struct stat
172:struct stat
150:, found on
130:and larger
53:system call
18:Stat (Unix)
2424:Categories
2295:. man7.org
2042:References
1112:to readers
930:option on
905:/etc/fstab
899:support a
867:nodiratime
857:nodiratime
839:(formerly
802:developer
777:March 2015
698:st_blksize
676:, in bytes
635:hard links
569:member of
528:st_blksize
498:st_blksize
371:sys/stat.h
154:and other
148:sys/stat.h
1844:size: %ld
1808:links: %d
1751:perms: %o
1619:inode: %u
1589:"%s:
725:bit field
712:DEV_BSIZE
708:st_blocks
674:file size
524:st_blocks
507:st_blocks
495:blksize_t
230:fstat64()
226:lstat64()
156:Unix-like
132:file size
124:Version 4
59:about an
2396:Archived
2057:(1987).
1826:st_nlink
1535:getgrgid
1466:getpwuid
1190:#include
1184:#include
1178:#include
1172:#include
1166:#include
1160:#include
1154:#include
947:lazytime
936:relatime
921:tmpwatch
873:lazytime
851:relatime
823:tmpwatch
819:relatime
815:relatime
808:relatime
692:st_ctime
686:st_mtime
680:st_atime
656:of owner
646:of owner
627:st_nlink
575:st_atime
563:timespec
543:st_ctime
539:st_mtime
535:st_atime
504:blkcnt_t
486:timespec
474:timespec
462:timespec
426:st_nlink
341:filedesc
308:filename
269:filename
222:stat64()
191:filename
75:command
2241:LWN.net
1994:st_ctim
1949:st_mtim
1904:st_atim
1862:st_size
1790:S_IRWXO
1784:S_IRWXG
1778:S_IRWXU
1769:st_mode
1733:gr_name
1685:pw_name
1292:fprintf
1108:may be
1089:Example
1047:utime()
1037:utime()
1023:Unlike
1005:write()
932:OpenBSD
928:noatime
901:noatime
893:FreeBSD
889:Solaris
863:noatime
770:resolve
721:st_mode
670:st_size
660:st_rdev
614:st_mode
559:st_ctim
555:st_mtim
551:st_atim
520:st_rdev
489:st_ctim
477:st_mtim
465:st_atim
453:st_size
423:nlink_t
417:st_rdev
390:st_mode
207:fstat()
203:lstat()
187:lstat()
168:lstat()
164:fstat()
146:header
85:atime:
2367:
2246:May 2,
2220:May 2,
2027:return
2018:"
2012:"
2006:printf
2000:tv_sec
1967:"
1961:printf
1955:tv_sec
1922:"
1916:printf
1910:tv_sec
1877:"
1871:printf
1850:"
1838:"
1832:printf
1814:"
1802:"
1796:printf
1757:"
1745:"
1739:printf
1727:grpnam
1721:st_gid
1709:"
1697:"
1691:printf
1679:pwuser
1673:st_uid
1661:"
1649:"
1643:printf
1637:st_ino
1625:"
1613:"
1607:printf
1595:"
1583:printf
1556:perror
1547:st_gid
1529:grpnam
1487:perror
1478:st_uid
1460:pwuser
1418:perror
1310:"
1298:stderr
1265:grpnam
1256:struct
1250:pwuser
1244:passwd
1241:struct
1229:struct
1068:time_t
994:, and
897:NetBSD
895:, and
794:write,
650:st_gid
640:st_uid
610:number
604:st_ino
598:device
594:st_dev
567:tv_sec
547:time_t
483:struct
471:struct
459:struct
444:st_gid
435:st_uid
408:st_dev
399:st_ino
387:mode_t
378:struct
347:struct
314:struct
275:struct
199:stat()
183:stat()
160:stat()
105:ls -lc
91:ls -lu
65:stat()
45:stat()
2435:POSIX
2064:(PDF)
1985:&
1979:ctime
1940:&
1934:ctime
1895:&
1889:ctime
1772:&
1730:->
1682:->
1406:&
1259:group
1055:ctime
1051:atime
1042:touch
1033:ctime
1029:mtime
1025:atime
1018:ctime
1014:ctime
1010:ctime
1000:ctime
980:ctime
976:mtime
972:atime
968:ctime
964:ctime
958:ctime
909:POSIX
885:macOS
881:Linux
841:atime
830:fstab
811:mount
790:atime
758:lend
729:modes
702:block
608:inode
450:off_t
441:gid_t
432:uid_t
414:dev_t
405:dev_t
396:ino_t
332:fstat
299:const
293:lstat
260:const
241:macro
176:errno
152:POSIX
98:ls -l
61:inode
48:is a
2378:2015
2365:ISBN
2301:2015
2248:2015
2222:2015
2196:2018
1601:argv
1568:exit
1520:NULL
1499:exit
1451:NULL
1430:exit
1400:argv
1394:stat
1364:argc
1361:<
1322:exit
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1027:and
951:sync
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166:and
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