22:
738:
1088:
942:
system calls are executed, or before the file's in-memory inode is evicted from the filesystem cache. Additionally, it is possible to configure for how long atime modifications can remain unflushed. That way, lazytime retains POSIX compatibility while offering performance improvements.
842:("relative atime", introduced in 2.6.20 and the default as of 2.6.30) – only update atime under certain circumstances: if the previous atime is older than the mtime or ctime, or the previous atime is over 24 hours in the past
938:. It allows POSIX-style atime updates to be performed in-memory and flushed to disk together with some non-time-related I/O operations on the same file; atime updates are also flushed to disk when some of the
955:
originally meant creation time; however, while early Unix did have modification and creation times, the latter was changed to be access time before there was any C structure in which to call anything
1066:
In Linux kernels 2.5.48 and above, the stat structure supports nanosecond resolution for the three file timestamp fields. These are exposed as additional fields in the stat structure.
785:
which has been criticized as it is inconsistent with a read only file system. File system cache may significantly reduce this activity to one disk write per cache flush.
806:
mount option offers sufficient performance for most purposes and should not break any significant applications, as it has been extensively discussed. Initially,
810:
only updated atime if atime < mtime or atime < ctime; that was subsequently modified to update atimes that were 24 hours old or older, so that
2269:
Upon successful completion, where nbyte is greater than 0, write() shall mark for update the last data modification and last file status change timestamps
1001:
is affected by renaming a file, despite filenames not being stored in inodes: Both original Unix, which implemented a renaming by making a link (updating
1073:
is 10 milliseconds, while resolution of its write time is two seconds, and access time has a resolution of one day thus it acts as the access date.
554:, since this structure provides a higher resolution time unit. For the sake of compatibility, implementations can define the old names in terms of the
225:
structure, which represents file sizes with a 64-bit type, allowing the functions to work on files 2 GiB and larger (up to 8 EiB). When the
1063:
Some filesystems provide finer granularity. Solaris 2.1 introduced a microsecond resolution with UFS in 1992 and a nanosecond resolution with ZFS.
2428:
909:
748:
163:
buffer argument, which is used to return the file attributes. On success, the functions return zero, and on error, −1 is returned and
2147:
2384:
975:, and has always referred to inode change time. It is updated any time file metadata stored in the inode changes, such as
2357:
2319:
1128:
2198:
2162:"the shell's $ MAIL monitor ... depends on atime, pronouncing new email with atime($ MAIL) < mtime($ MAIL)"
758:
2081:
2349:
2264:
877:
2329:
836:
as of 2.6.30) – always update atime, which conforms to the behavior defined by POSIX
2418:
1106:
1110:
717:
606:
2304:
2159:
2433:
931:
817:
Current versions of the Linux kernel support four mount options, which can be specified in
693:
size for file system I/O, which can depend upon both the system and the type of file system
690:
795:
publicly criticized the concept and performance impact of atime in 2007, and in 2009, the
519:
members; these fields are defined as part of XSI option in the Single Unix
Specification.
8:
2381:
1098:
992:
754:
848: – never update atime of directories, but do update atime of other files
2309:, mail archive of the libc-alpha@sources.redhat.com mailing list for the glibc project.
2199:"Linux kernel 4.0, Section 1.5. 'lazytime' option for better update of file timestamps"
802:
option had become the default, which addresses this criticism. The behavior behind the
362:
header file as follows, although implementations are free to define additional fields:
206:
896:, which causes the atime field never to be updated. Turning off atime updating breaks
112:
104:
2353:
116:
2281:
642:
610:
57:
2250:
2049:
A Research Unix reader: annotated excerpts from the
Programmer's Manual, 1971–1986
864: – update atime according to specific circumstances laid out below
2398:
2388:
1030:
721:
632:
619:
232:
is defined to 64, these 64-bit functions are available under the original names.
199:
132:
2423:
2047:
1070:
972:
522:
In older versions of POSIX.1 standard, the time-related fields were defined as
45:
2393:
2172:
2086:
The Open Group Base
Specifications Issue 6—IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition
792:
724:. There are many macros to work with the different mode flags and file types.
2412:
183:
21:
2043:
799:
788:
652:
939:
586:
202:
argument instead, and returns attributes of the file that it identifies.
108:
41:
2343:
2123:
971:
timestamp was added in the file system restructuring that occurred with
934:, which was released on April 12, 2015, introduced the new mount option
854: – never update atime of any file or directory; implies
538:. Since the 2008 version of the standard, these fields were renamed to
1038:
is used, or for any other change to the inode other than an update to
70:
uses this system call to retrieve information on files that includes:
984:
713:
662:
623:
144:
120:
2403:
2225:
2135:
2111:
2099:
179:
2335:
2229:
920:
908:" notifications, and some file usage watching utilities, notably
881:
229:
814:
and Debian's popularity counter (popcon) would behave properly.
1056:
885:
75:
699: – number of blocks allocated in multiples of
2160:
http://www.mail-archive.com/mutt-users@mutt.org/msg24912.html
980:
976:
905:
897:
873:
869:
818:
596:
190:
returns attributes of the eventual target of the link, while
164:
140:
49:
2064:
2062:
901:
61:
38:
2059:
66:
2342:
Stevens, W. Richard; Rago, Stephen A. (May 24, 2013).
577:structure includes at least the following members:
959:. The file systems retained just the access time (
893:
205:The family of functions was extended to implement
2330:IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004, documentation for fstat(2)
2410:
2223:
151:functions, as well as related functions called
2302:
997:(file modification). In some implementations,
751:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies
683: – time of last status change
2345:Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment
1109:. There might be a discussion about this on
1005:) and then unlinking the old name (updating
677: – time of last modification
2341:
2068:
900:compliance, and some applications, such as
858:; highest performance, but least compatible
194:returns attributes of the link itself. The
761:this issue before removing this message.
2138:, LWN, by Jonathan Corbet, March 31, 2009
2114:, LWN, by Jonathan Corbet, August 8, 2007
2055:(Technical report). CSTR. Bell Labs. 139.
1129:Learn how and when to remove this message
1024:cannot be set to an arbitrary value with
1009:again) and modern Linux tend to do this.
991:(last status change) update with nonzero
651: – device identifier (if
2306:struct stat.h with nanosecond resolution
20:
2042:
2411:
1060:provides times accurate to one second.
671: – time of last access
2224:Jonathan Corbet (November 19, 2014).
727:
2382:An example showing how to use stat()
2100:Linux: Replacing atime With relatime
1081:
1034:utility, for example. Instead, when
731:
159:. The functions take a pointer to a
107:. It is among the few original Unix
2303:Andreas Jaeger (December 2, 2002),
1049:
985:creation and deletion of hard links
755:create a more balanced presentation
126:
92:ctime: time of last status change (
13:
2251:"BSTJ version of C.ACM Unix paper"
1046:value is set to the current time.
1042:caused by accessing the file, the
85:mtime: time of last modification (
14:
2445:
2429:Unix file system-related software
2375:
2265:"pwrite, write - write on a file"
2173:"mount(2) - OpenBSD manual pages"
1069:The resolution of create time on
585: – identifier of
353:
1086:
967:) through 6th edition Unix. The
736:
147:operating systems, declares the
2313:
2296:
2274:
2257:
2243:
2217:
2191:
2165:
951:It is tempting to believe that
550:, respectively, of type struct
2153:
2141:
2136:That massive filesystem thread
2129:
2117:
2105:
2092:
2074:
2036:
716:. It combines the file access
605: – protection
235:The functions are defined as:
1:
2282:"stat(2) - Linux manual page"
2030:
689: – preferred
358:This structure is defined in
832:, and formerly the default;
781:eventually requiring a disk
7:
2350:Addison-Wesley Professional
2102:, by Jeremy, August 7, 2007
777:Reading a file changes its
182:argument. If the file is a
10:
2450:
1077:
1293:"Usage: %s: file ...
963:) and modification time (
703:(usually 512 bytes).
661: – total
507:POSIX.1 does not require
1140:
946:
923:behaves more like Linux
364:
237:
2338:. Retrieved 2012-06-07.
2332:. Retrieved 2012-06-07.
2088:. The Open Group. 2004.
2069:Stevens & Rago 2013
720:and also indicates any
221:return attributes in a
2336:stat(2) Linux man page
2226:"Introducing lazytime"
2126:, Linux Kernel Newbies
1857:/* you may use %lld */
1551:"getgrgid()"
1482:"getpwuid()"
987:. POSIX also mandates
167:is set appropriately.
29:
2387:May 11, 2017, at the
932:Linux kernel mainline
24:
2082:"<sys/stat.h>"
1099:confusing or unclear
868:Current versions of
52:. The semantics of
2124:Linux kernel 2.6.30
1164:<sys/types.h>
1107:clarify the section
930:Version 4.0 of the
641: –
631: –
618: –
595: –
534:, and were of type
2404:atime and relatime
2348:(Third ed.).
1413:"stat()"
1182:<sys/stat.h>
728:Criticism of atime
566:can be defined as
209:. Functions named
207:large file support
30:
2203:kernelnewbies.org
1139:
1138:
1131:
1028:, as used by the
775:
774:
753:. Please help to
745:This section may
722:special file type
227:_FILE_OFFSET_BITS
198:function takes a
178:functions take a
117:group permissions
60:. As an example,
58:operating systems
2441:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2322:
2320:MSDN: File Times
2317:
2311:
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2184:
2179:. April 27, 2018
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2151:
2150:, Valerie Aurora
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1152:<stdlib.h>
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1050:Time granularity
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977:file permissions
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892:mount option in
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643:group identifier
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611:Unix permissions
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127:stat() functions
111:to change, with
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95:
88:
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78:of last access (
69:
55:
35:
27:
16:Unix system call
2449:
2448:
2444:
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2419:C POSIX library
2409:
2408:
2389:Wayback Machine
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2112:Once upon atime
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1962:ctime: %s"
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1872:atime: %s"
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562:. For example,
560:struct timespec
559:
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2148:Relatime Recap
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2044:McIlroy, M. D.
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1692:group: %u (%s)
1644:owner: %u (%s)
1158:<time.h>
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981:file ownership
973:Version 7 Unix
948:
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2098:Kernel Trap:
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2071:, p. 94.
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1176:<grp.h>
1170:<pwd.h>
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1095:This section
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2434:System calls
2365:February 27,
2363:. Retrieved
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2286:. Retrieved
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1563:EXIT_FAILURE
1494:EXIT_FAILURE
1425:EXIT_FAILURE
1317:EXIT_FAILURE
1125:
1119:January 2023
1116:
1105:Please help
1096:
1011:
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789:Linux kernel
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749:undue weight
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653:special file
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109:system calls
103:appeared in
99:
32:
31:
28:command line
18:
2177:openbsd.org
834:strictatime
826:strictatime
793:Ingo Molnár
712:field is a
609:; see also
575:struct stat
161:struct stat
139:, found on
119:and larger
42:system call
2413:Categories
2284:. man7.org
2031:References
1101:to readers
919:option on
894:/etc/fstab
888:support a
856:nodiratime
846:nodiratime
828:(formerly
791:developer
766:March 2015
687:st_blksize
665:, in bytes
624:hard links
558:member of
517:st_blksize
487:st_blksize
360:sys/stat.h
143:and other
137:sys/stat.h
1833:size: %ld
1797:links: %d
1740:perms: %o
1608:inode: %u
1578:"%s:
714:bit field
701:DEV_BSIZE
697:st_blocks
663:file size
513:st_blocks
496:st_blocks
484:blksize_t
219:fstat64()
215:lstat64()
145:Unix-like
121:file size
113:Version 4
48:about an
2385:Archived
2046:(1987).
1815:st_nlink
1524:getgrgid
1455:getpwuid
1179:#include
1173:#include
1167:#include
1161:#include
1155:#include
1149:#include
1143:#include
936:lazytime
925:relatime
910:tmpwatch
862:lazytime
840:relatime
812:tmpwatch
808:relatime
804:relatime
797:relatime
681:st_ctime
675:st_mtime
669:st_atime
645:of owner
635:of owner
616:st_nlink
564:st_atime
552:timespec
532:st_ctime
528:st_mtime
524:st_atime
493:blkcnt_t
475:timespec
463:timespec
451:timespec
415:st_nlink
330:filedesc
297:filename
258:filename
211:stat64()
180:filename
64:command
2230:LWN.net
1983:st_ctim
1938:st_mtim
1893:st_atim
1851:st_size
1779:S_IRWXO
1773:S_IRWXG
1767:S_IRWXU
1758:st_mode
1722:gr_name
1674:pw_name
1281:fprintf
1097:may be
1078:Example
1036:utime()
1026:utime()
1012:Unlike
994:write()
921:OpenBSD
917:noatime
890:noatime
882:FreeBSD
878:Solaris
852:noatime
759:resolve
710:st_mode
659:st_size
649:st_rdev
603:st_mode
548:st_ctim
544:st_mtim
540:st_atim
509:st_rdev
478:st_ctim
466:st_mtim
454:st_atim
442:st_size
412:nlink_t
406:st_rdev
379:st_mode
196:fstat()
192:lstat()
176:lstat()
157:lstat()
153:fstat()
135:header
74:atime:
2356:
2235:May 2,
2209:May 2,
2016:return
2007:"
2001:"
1995:printf
1989:tv_sec
1956:"
1950:printf
1944:tv_sec
1911:"
1905:printf
1899:tv_sec
1866:"
1860:printf
1839:"
1827:"
1821:printf
1803:"
1791:"
1785:printf
1746:"
1734:"
1728:printf
1716:grpnam
1710:st_gid
1698:"
1686:"
1680:printf
1668:pwuser
1662:st_uid
1650:"
1638:"
1632:printf
1626:st_ino
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1602:"
1596:printf
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1572:printf
1545:perror
1536:st_gid
1518:grpnam
1476:perror
1467:st_uid
1449:pwuser
1407:perror
1299:"
1287:stderr
1254:grpnam
1245:struct
1239:pwuser
1233:passwd
1230:struct
1218:struct
1057:time_t
983:, and
886:NetBSD
884:, and
783:write,
639:st_gid
629:st_uid
599:number
593:st_ino
587:device
583:st_dev
556:tv_sec
536:time_t
472:struct
460:struct
448:struct
433:st_gid
424:st_uid
397:st_dev
388:st_ino
376:mode_t
367:struct
336:struct
303:struct
264:struct
188:stat()
172:stat()
149:stat()
94:ls -lc
80:ls -lu
54:stat()
34:stat()
2424:POSIX
2053:(PDF)
1974:&
1968:ctime
1929:&
1923:ctime
1884:&
1878:ctime
1761:&
1719:->
1671:->
1395:&
1248:group
1044:ctime
1040:atime
1031:touch
1022:ctime
1018:mtime
1014:atime
1007:ctime
1003:ctime
999:ctime
989:ctime
969:ctime
965:mtime
961:atime
957:ctime
953:ctime
947:ctime
898:POSIX
874:macOS
870:Linux
830:atime
819:fstab
800:mount
779:atime
747:lend
718:modes
691:block
597:inode
439:off_t
430:gid_t
421:uid_t
403:dev_t
394:dev_t
385:ino_t
321:fstat
288:const
282:lstat
249:const
230:macro
165:errno
141:POSIX
87:ls -l
50:inode
37:is a
2367:2015
2354:ISBN
2290:2015
2237:2015
2211:2015
2185:2018
1590:argv
1557:exit
1509:NULL
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1440:NULL
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1389:argv
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